Chng 1: S IN LI

BI 1:

S ien li

Phn tm tt gio khoa:

1. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, baz v mui trong nc - Tnh dn in ca dung dch axit, baz v mui l do trong dung dch ca chng c cc tiu phn mang in tch chuyn ng t do c gi l cc ion. - S in li l qu trnh phn li cc cht trong nc ra ion. - Nhng cht tan trong nc phn li ra ion c gi l nhng cht in li. Vy axit, baz v mui l nhng cht in li. 2. Phn loi cc cht in li: a. Cht in li mnh: ( = 0 ) Cht in li mnh l cht khi tan trong nc, cc phn t ha tan u phn li ra ion V d: Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42KOH K+ + OHHNO3 H+ + NO3 b. Cht in li yu: ( 0 < <1) Cht in li yu l cht khi tan trong nc ch c mt phn s phn t ha tan phn li ra ion, phn cn li vn tn ti di dng phn t trong dung dch V d: CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+ HClO H+ + ClO - S in li ca cht in li yu l qu trnh thun nghch, khi qu trnh cn bng th ta c cn bng in li. Cn bng in li l cn bng ng Nng cao : in li = n/no vi n l s phn t phn li ra ion ; no l s phn t ha tan Ch : - Khi pha long dd , in li ca cc cht in li u tng - Cn bng in li cng c hng s cn bng K v tun theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng L Sat-li-

Phn bi tp . Bi tp t lun
DNG 1: VIT PHNG TRNH IN LI. 1. a. Vit phng trnh in li ca nhng cht sau: b. axit : HCl, HNO3 , H3PO4, H2SO4 , H2SO3, H2S, H2S c. Baz: Pb(OH)2, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2. d. Mui : FeCl3, Na2SO4, CuSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Na2CO3, Ca(NO3)2 , (NH4)3PO4 , KHCO3, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 , Na2HPO4, NaClO, Na2S 2. Vit phng trnh in li tng qut cho axt HnX, baz M(OH)n v mui AnBm.. DNG 2: TNH NNG MOL ION CA CHT IN LI MNH 1. Tnh nng mol ca cation v anion trong cc dung dch sau: Ba(NO3)2 0,10M ; HNO3 0,020M ; KOH 0,010M 2. Tm nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch. Bit trong 1,5 lt dung dch c ha tan 68,4 gam Al2(SO4)3.

3. Tnh nng mol cc ion Al3+, SO4 trong dung dch Al2(SO4)3 25% (D = 1,386g/ml) 4. a. Tnh nng mol/ lt ca ion OH trong 100ml dung dch NaOH c cha 0,4g NaOH. b. Tnh nng mol ca ion Na+ trong dung dch cha NaNO3 0,1M, Na2SO4 0,02M v NaCl 0,3M. c. Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc ion c trong : - Dung dch BaCl2 0,02M - Dung dch H2SO4 15% ( d= 1,1g/ml) - 1,5 lt dung dch c 5,85g NaCl v 11,1g CaCl2 5. Ha tan 34,2 gam Ba(OH)2 vo nc c 500 ml dung dch. a. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion c trong dung dch. b. Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 0,2M cn trung ha hon ton dung dch trn. 6. Trn ln 150 ml dung dch CaCl2 0,5M vi 50 ml dung dch NaCl 2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c. 7. Trn ln 150 ml dung dch K2SO4 0,5M vi 150 ml dung dch Na2SO4 2M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c. 8. Trn ln 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M vi 350 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c. DNG 3: TNH NNG MOL ION CA CHT IN LI YU 1. a. Nng H+ trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M l 0,0013M. Xc nh in li ca axit trn b. in li ca CH3COOH trong dung dch 0,1M l 1,34%. Tnh nng H+ 2. Tnh nng mol ca CH3COOH , CH3COO- v H+ trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,043M, bit rng in li ca CH3COOH bng 20%. 3. Trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,43.10-1M, ngi ta xc nh c nng H+ bng 0,86.10-3 mol/l. Hi c bao nhiu phn trm phn t CH3COOH trong dung dch ny phn li ra ion 4. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1g/ml. in li ca CH 3COOH trong iu kin ny l 1,0%. Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch (b qua s in li ca nc)

. Cu hi trc nghim v bi tp trc nghim 1. Cht no sau y khng dn in c? A.KCl rn, khan B.NaOH nng chy C. CaCl2 nng chy D. HBr ha tan trong nc 2. Trong dung dch axit axetic (CH3COOH)c nhng phn t no? A. H+, CH3COOB. H+, CH3COO-, H2O C. CH3COOH, H+, CH3COO-, H2O D. CH3COOH, CH3COO-, H+ 3. Dung dch cht in li dn in c l do : A.S chuyn dch ca cc electron . B. S chuyn dch ca cc phn t ha tan. C.S chuyn dch ca cc cation. D.S chuyn dch ca c cation v anion. 4. Dung dch cht no sau y khng dn in c A. HCl trong C6H6 ( benzen ). B. CH3COONa trong nc. C.Ca(OH)2 trong nc. D. NaHSO4 trong nc. 5. Cht no di y khng phn li ra ion khi ha tan trong nc A. MgCl2 B .HClO3 C. C6H12O6 ( glucoz ) D.Ba(OH)2 6. C 4 dung dch: Natri clorua, ru etylic, axit axetic, kali sunfat u c nng 0,1 mol/l. Kh nng dn in ca cc dung dch tng dn theo th t no trong cc th t sau: A. NaCl < C2H5OH < CH3COOH < K2SO4 B. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < NaCl < K2SO4

C. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < K2SO4 < NaCl D. CH3COOH < NaCl < C2H5OH < K2SO4 7. C 1 dung dch cht in li yu. Khi thay i nng ca dung dch ( nhit khng i ) th : A. in li v hng s in li u thay i. B. in li v hng s in li u khng thay i. C. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i. D. in li khng i v hng s in li thay i. 8. Nc ng vai tr g trong qu trnh in li cc cht trong nc A. Mi trng in li B.Dung mi khng phn cc C.Dung mi phn cc D.To lin kt hidro vi cc cht tan 9. Cu no sau y ng khi ni v s in li ? A. S in li l s ha tan mt cht vo nc thnh dung dch . B. S in li l s phn li mt cht di tc dng ca dng in. C. S in li l s phn li mt cht thnh ion dng v ion m khi cht tan trong nc hay trng thi nng chy. D. S in li thc cht l qu trnh oxi ha kh. 10. in li ca cht in li ph thuc vo nhng yu t no sau y : A. Bn cht ca cht in li B. Bn cht ca dung mi C. Nhit ca mi trng v nng ca cht tan. D. A, B, C ng. 11. Nhng mui c kh nng in li hon ton trong nc l: A. NaCl, Na2SO4, K2CO3, AgNO3 B. Hg(CN)2, NaHSO4, KHSO3, AlCl3 C. HgCl2, CH3COONa, Na2S, (NH4)2CO D. Hg(CN)2, HgCl2, CuSO4, NaNO3 12. Phng trnh in li no sau y khng ng? A. HNO3 H+ + NO3B. K2SO4 K2+ + SO42+ 2C. HSO3 H + SO3 D. Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH13. i vi dung dch axit yu CH3COOH 0,10M, nu b qua s in li ca nc th nh gi no v nng mol ion sau y l ng? A. [H+] = 0,10M B. [H+] < [CH3COO-] C. [H+] > [CH3COO-] D. [H+] < 0.10M 14. i vi dung dch axit mnh HNO3 0,10M, nu b qua s in li ca nc th nh gi no v nng mol ion sau y l ng? A. [H+] = 0,10M B. [H+] < [NO3-] C. [H+] > [NO3-] D. [H+] < 0.10M 15. nng mol ca anion trong dung dch Ba(NO3)20,10M A. 0,10M B.0,20M C.0,30M D.0,40M 16. Nng mol ca cation trong dung dch Ba(NO3)20,45M A.0,45M B.0,90M C.1,35M D.1,00M 217. Trong dung dch long c cha 0,6 mol SO4 , th trong dung dch c cha : A. 0,2 mol Al2(SO4)3 B. 0,6 mol Al3+ C. 1,8 mol Al2(SO4)3 D. 0,6 mol Al2(SO4)3 18. Cho 200ml dung dch X cha axit HCl 1M v NaCl 1M. S mol ca cc ion Na +, Cl-, H+ trong dung dch X ln lt l: A. 0,2 0,2 0,2 B. 0,1 0,2 0,1 C. 0,2 0,4 0,2 D. 0,1 0,4 0,1 19. Dung dch thu c khi trn ln 200 ml dung dch NaCl 0,2M v 300ml dung dch Na 2SO4 0,2M c nng cation Na+ l bao nhiu ? A. 0,23M B. 1M C. 0,2M D. 0,1M 20. Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vi 300 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Nu s pha long khng lm thay i th tch th nng dung dch HCl thu c l: A. 1,5M B. 1,2M C. 1,6M D. 0,15M