CC DNG BI TP ESTE I. NG PHN. DANH PHP.

* Vit cc ng phn este: n chc, a chc, no, khng no(c ng phn hnh hc). Bi 1: Vit cc ng phn este ng vi cc cng thc phn t sau v gi tn chng: C2H4O2; C3H6O2; C3H4O2. Bi 2: Vit cc ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t: C 4H8O2, C4H6O2, C4H4O4, C7H6O2(hp cht thm). Gi tn cc este vit? Bi 3: Vit cc ng phn este ng ng cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Bi 4: Vit cc ng phn este thm ng vi cng thc phn t: C8H8O2; C9H8O2. Bi 2: Mt hp cht X c cng thc phn t CxHyO2 mch h ch cha cc nhm chc ancol, anehit, este v axit. Hi mi quan h gia cc gi tr x v y phi nh th no cho X l hp cht no? II. TNH CHT. * Vit cc phng trnh tnh cht ca cc este(ch cc dng este c bit) Bi 1: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau 1/ RCOOR + NaOH t 2/ (RCOO)nR + NaOH t t 3/ R(COOR)n + NaOH 4/ RCOOCH=CH-R + NaOH t 5/ RCOOC6H4-R + NaOH t 6/ ROOCR + NaOH t t 7/ RCOORCOOR + NaOH 8/ RCOOROOCR + NaOH t 9/ ROCORCOOR + NaOH t 10/ ROCOROCOR + NaOH t t 11/ O=CHO-R + NaOH Bi 2: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C3H4O2 . Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c hai cht hu c A 1 v A2 u c phn ng trng gng. Vit cng thc cu to ca A1, A2, A v cc phng trnh phn ng ni trn. Bi 3: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C4H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 4: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C4H6O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 5: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C5H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 6: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C4H4O4 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 7: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C7H6O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 8: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C8H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng. Bi 9: Vit phng trnh phn ng ca cc este ng vi cng thc phn t: C9H8O2 vi dung dch NaOH un nng.
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III. TNH TON.

IV. XC NH 1 ESTE. * Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca este n chc(1 este) Bi 1: Thu phn mt este trong mi trng kim ta c ancol etylic. Hy xc nh cng thc ca este bit khi lng phn t ca ancol bng 62% khi lng phn t ca este. Bi 2: Mun x phng ho 17,4(g) este c to thnh t axit n chc no phi dng 300ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. a) Xc nh cng thc ca este. b) Nu em c cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng x phng ho ri ly mui khan thu c em nung vi vi ti xt th thy c kh metan bay ra. Hy tnh th tch kh metan thu c ktc. c) Ancol thu c trong phn ng x phng ho ng vi bc cao nht. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca este. Bi 3: Lm bay hi 0,37 gam mt este n chim th tch bng th tch ca 0,16 gam oxi cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cc cng thc cu to ca cc ng phn este. Bi 4: t chy hon ton 0,528 gam cht hu c n chc th thu c 1,055 gam CO2 v 0,432 gam H2O. a) Tm cng thc thc nghim v cng thc n gin nht ca hp cht. b) Tm cng thc cu to gi tn hp cht. Bit rng khi thu phn hp cht bng dung dch NaOH th thu c mui natri m khi cho tc dng vi vi ti xt th thu c kh metan. Bi 5: Thu phn mt este c t khi hi so vi H2 l 37 th thu c mui natri c khi lng bng 41/37 khi lng este. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este. b) Ly 1gam este em thu phn, sau mt thi gian thu c mt lng axit. trung ho lng axit ny cn 4,5ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tm t l este cha b thu phn. Bi 6: X phng ho hon ton 0,15mol mt este A bng dung dch NaOH 1,25M th dng 200ml. C cn dung dch thu c 14,2 gam cht rn khan. Nu t chy hon ton 0,1mol A ri cho sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 th thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Nu thm tip xt d vo dung dch th thu c 19,7 gam kt ta na. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. b) Gi B l ng phn ca A. Nu cho 0,1mol B tc dng hon ton vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 14,2 gam cht rn khan. Xc nh B. Bi 7: t chy hon ton 15ml hi ca mt este A phi dng 150ml oxi,sau phn ng thu c hn hp sn phm gm CO 2 v hi nc, trong th tch ca CO2 bng 9/4 ln th tch ca hi nc. Khi ngng t sn phm chy thy th tch hn hp gim

60ml. Mt khc nu t chy hon ton 15ml hi ca axit to thnh A th cn 45ml oxi. Cc kh c o cng iu kin v nhit p sut. a) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. b) un nng 2,96 gam A vi dung dch HCl long n khi phn ng thu phn xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X. Tnh th tch dung dch nc brm(16g/l) cn phn ng va vi dung dch X. Bi 8: t chy hon ton 0,4995 gam mt este th thu c 0,981 gam CO2. a) Tm cng thc ca este. b) Thu phn este ny trong mi trng NaOH th thu c mt mui m khi lng ca n bng 34/37 khi lng este. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este. Bi 9: un nng 0,1 mol este no n chc E vi 30 ml dung dch 20% (d = 1,2g/ml) ca mt hidroxit kim loi kim M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng ho, c cn dung dch th thu c cht rn A v 4,6 gam ancol B, bit rng B b oxi ho bi CuO thnh sn phm c kh nng phn ng trng gng. t chy cht rn A th thu c 9,54 gam mui cacbonat, 8,26 gam hn hp CO2 v hi nc. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng dng tng qut. b) Xc nh tn kim loi M. c) Tm CTCT ca E. Bi 10: Cht A l este ca axit n chc v ancol n chc. thu phn hon ton 4,4 gam cht A ngi ta dng 22,73 ml dung dch NaOH 10% ( d = 1,1 g/ml). Lng NaOH ny d 25% so vi l thuyt. a) Xc nh CTPT, vit CTCT v gi tn A. b) t chy hon ton 1,32 gam cht A v cho sn phm hp th hon ton vo nc vi cha 3,7 gam Ca(OH)2. Tnh lng kt ta to thnh. Cho 1,76 gam cht A bay hi trong mt bnh kn dung tch 896 ml, thy p sut trong bnh 0,75 atm. Hi nhit bay hi l bao nhiu. V. XC NH HN HP ESTE. * Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca hn este n chc(2 este ng phn hoc khc nhau) Bi 1. Hn hp Y gm 2 este n chc, mch h, l ng phn ca nhau. Cho mg hn hp Y tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c mui ca 1 axit hu c v 2 ancol. Mt khc t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y cn dng 5,6 lt O2 v thu c 4,48 lt CO2. Cc th tch kh u o ktc. * Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca cc cht trong Y. * Cho Y ln lt tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 v Cu(OH)2/NaOH. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bi 2: Lm bay hi 5,98gam hn hp hai este ca axit axetic vi 2 ancol l ng ng k tip trong dy ng ng ca ancol metylic, n chim th tch l 1,344lt(ktc). Xc nh cng thc ca 2 este. Bi 3: Hn hp A gm hai cht hu c n chc mch h cha C, H, O. Cho A tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c mui ca mt axit hu c no B v mt ancol C. Thc hin phn ng tch nc ancol C iu kin thch hp, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht hu c D c t khi hi so vi H 2 bng 37. Lng nc thu c sau phn ng tch nc cho tc dng vi Na d c 0,196 lt kh. a) Xc nh CTCT ca ancol C b) t chy hon ton hn hp A cn dng 4,592 lt O2. Sn phm chy cho hp th ht vo bnh ng 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% c dung dch E. Xc nh CTCT ca B v tnh nng % ca dung dch E. Bi 4: Cho 35,2 gam hn hp A l hai este no n chc ng phn ca nhau c t khi hi i vi H 2 bng 44 tc dng vi 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,4 M ri c cn dung dch thu c ta thu c 44,6 gam cht rn B. a) Hy xc nh CTPT ca hai este. b) Tnh % cc cht trong A theo s mol Bi 5: C mt hn hp Z gm hai este X, Y to bi hai axit no n chc vi cng mt ancol n chc. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol Z v cho ton b sn phm chy hp th vo bnh ng lng d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 thy khi lng bnh tng 23,25 gam v trong bnh xut hin 73,875 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca X v Y, gi tn chng bit khi lng phn t MX : MY = 18,5 : 15. Cho 15,52 gam hn hp Z phn ng khi un nng vi 680 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,25 M (h = 100%). Lng d dung dch baz phn ng va vi 50 ml dung dch HCl 2M. a) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca mi este trong Z. b) Vit phng trnh chuyn ho Y thnh X. Bi 6: Cho 1,22 gam mt hp cht hu c A phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M ch thu c dung dch cha 2,16 gam mui khan. t chy lng mui ny thu c a gam K 2CO3, 2,64 gam CO2 v 0,54 gam nc. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A, tnh a. Bit MA < 140. Bi 7: Hn hp Y gm 2 cht hu c A, B c cng chc ha hc . Nu un nng 15,7 gam hn hp Y tc dng vi lng d NaOH th to mui ca axit hu c n chc v 7,6 gam hn hp 2 ancol no n chc, bc mt k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 15,7 gam Y cn 21,84 lt O2 thu c 17,92 lt kh CO2. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to , tnh % khi lng ca tng cht trong hn hp Y. (Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun).

Bi 8: Hn hp A gm 2 cht hu c mch h X, Y ch cha C, H, O tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 1 ancol n chc v 2 mui ca 2 axit hu c n chc l ng ng k tip nhau. Lng ancol thu c cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc). Cho 41,2 gam hn hp A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c 33,92 gam mui. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 82,24 gam hn hp A cn 112,896 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c nc v 93,184 lt CO 2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y. Bi 9: Hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c n chc u tc dng vi NaOH. Cho m gam hn hp X vo 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, un nng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton , trung ha lng kim d sau phn ng cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M. C cn cn thn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,25 gam hn hp cht rn Y gm 2 mui c 4,6 gam ancol E. Cho ton b E vo dung dch H2SO4 c ti 1700C thu c 1,792 lt anken ( hiu sut phn ng t 80%). Cc kh o ktc. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca 2 cht v tnh m(g). Bi 10. A v B l 2 ng phn, phn t gm C, H, O. Mi cht ch cha 1 nhm chc v u c th phn ng c vi NaOH. Ly 12,9g hn hp X ca A v B cho tc dng va vi 75ml dung dch NaOH 2M, thu ton b sn phm Y. a a) Xc nh CTPT ca A v B. b) Vit CTCT cc ng phn tha mn iu kin u bi ca A v B, vit phng trnh phn ng ca chng vi dung dch NaOH. c) Chia hn hp Y thnh 2 phn u nhau. Mt phn cho tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 21,6g kt ta . Phn cn li em c cn ta thu c 6,45g hn hp 2 mui hu c. Xc nh CTCT ph hp ca A v B. Tnh khi lng tng cht trong 12,9g hn hp X. Bi 11. Hai hp cht A v B mch h (ch cha C, H, O) n chc u tc dng vi NaOH, khng tc dng vi Na. t chy mg hn hp X gm A v B cn 8,4 lt O2 thu c 6,72 lt CO2 v 5,4g H2O. 1. Cho bit A v B thuc loi cht g? Chng minh rng A v B khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2. 2. Tm M X , CTPT v CTCT c th c ca A v B. Bit rng MB - MA = 28. Cc kh u o ktc. * Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este da theo sn phm v c im cu to * Hon thnh s phn ng trong c este Bi 1: a) T CH4 vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc hp cht n chc c cng thc l C3H6O2. Chng minh s c mt ca cc cht trong cng ng nghim iu ch c. * Xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht khi bit CTPT Bi 1: Cc hp cht A, B, C, D, E, F c cng cng thc phn t C 4H8O2. A, B c phn ng vi Na v vi NaOH, cc cht cn li u ch tc dng vi NaOH, ring hai cht E, F cn tham gia phn ng trng gng. Bin lun vit cng thc cu to ca chng. Vit phng trnh cc phn ng ni trn. Bi 2: Ba cht X, Y, Z c CTPT dng (CH2O)n vi n 3. Cho bit: - X ch tham gia phn ng trng gng. - Y va tham gia phn ng trng gng, va phn ng vi Na. - Z tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 va , lm bay hi nc dung dch sau phn ng, sn phm khan cn li tip tc tc dng vi Na. Oxi ha Z iu kin thch hp s to thnh hp cht ch cha 1 loi nhm chc. t chy hon ton X, Y, Z nh nhau th s mol H2O thu c t X< Y< Z. Hy: - Xc nh CTCT ca X, Y, Z. H 2O - Vit phng trnh phn ng theo s : Z Z1 + C H H Z2 P ( polime) 3O * Xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht khi bit phn t khi v thnh phn nguyn t * Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este a chc(ch t l s mol cc mui) Bi 1: t chy hon ton 1,46 gam A trng thi hi(c cha cc nguyn t C, H, O) th thu c 1,344 lt kh CO2(ktc) v 0,9 gam H2O. T khi hi ca A so vi H2 bng 73. Tm cng thc cu to ca A. Bi 2: Cho 0,1mol cht hu c A(ch cha mt loi nhm chc) tc dng vi 12 gam NaOH. Sn phm thu c gm 0,1mol ancol B cn nng 9,2 gam v mt mui ca axit hu c n chc C. Khi t chy 0,1mol C th bao gi cng to ra c 1,8 mol CO 2. Mt khc cng lng axit ny lm mt mu va dung dch nc brm c cha 16 gam brm nguyn cht. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v B. b) Hy ngh cng thc cu to thch hp ca A v B. Bi 3: Mt este mch h cha ti a l 3 chc este. Cho este ny tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c d th thu c mt mui v 1,24 gam hn hp hai ancol cng dy ng ng. Ly 1,24 gam hn hp hai ancol ny em ho hi hon ton th thu c lng hi c th tch bng th tch ca 0,96 gam O2 (cng iu kin) . Xc nh tng qut ca A. Bi 4. Mt cht hu c A ch cha C, H, O trong phn t. t chy hon ton 1,6g A, dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 4,16g v c 13,79g kt ta. Bit MA < 200 vC. * Xc nh CTPT ca A. * Bit A ch cha 1 loi nhm chc, khi cho 16g A tc dng va vi 200g dung dch NaOH 4% th thu c 1 ancol B v 17,8g hn hp 2 mui. Xc nh CTCT ca A v B. Bi 5. Thc hin phn ng este ho gia 1 axit cacboxylic no X v 1 ancol no Y ta c este A mch h. Cho bay hi a gam este A trong 1 bnh kn dung tch 6 lt 136,50C. Khi este bay hi ht th p sut trong bnh l 0,56atm. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y cn lng oxi c iu ch t phn ng nhit phn hon ton 50,5g KNO 3. Cho a gam cht A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH to ra 16,4g mui.

a) Xc nh CTCT ca A. b) Cho 120g axit X tc dng vi 31g Y thu c 58,4g cht A. Hy tnh hiu sut phn ng este ho. Bi 6. Cho hn hp M gm 2 este A v B. Cho a gam hn hp M tc dng va vi dung dch KOH, sau phn ng thu c b gam ancol D v 2,688g mui kali ca 2 axit hu c n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. em nung ton b mui trn vi vi ti xt ti khi phn ng hon ton th nhn c 0,672 lt kh E ktc. em t chy ton b lng ancol D thu c sn phm chy gm CO2 v hi H2O, c t l khi lng l 44:27. Mt khc cho tt c hn hp lng sn phm chy trn hp th va ht vi 45ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M th nhn c 2,955g kt ta. * Xc nh CTCT c th c ca A v B. * Tnh cc gi tr a v b. Bi 7. un nng 21,8g cht A vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c 24,8g mui ca axit n chc v 1 lng ancol B. Nu cho lng ancol B bay hi th ktc th tch kh thu c l 2,24 lt lng d NaOH c trung ho bng 2 lt dung dch HCl 0,1M. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Bi 8. un nng mg hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O mch thng vi dung dch cha 8g NaOH n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Trung ho va ht lng NaOH d bng 40ml dung dch HCl 1M. Lm bay hi hn hp sau khi trung ho mt cch cn thn, thu c 7,36g hn hp 2 ancol n chc v 15,14g hn hp gm 2 mui khan. Xc nh CTCT ca X. : Bi 9. Cho mg cht X cha C, H, O tc dng vi 152,5ml dung dch NaOH 25% d=1,28 g/ml. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A cha mui 1 axit hu c, 2 ancol n chc v xt d. Trung ho A bng 255ml dung dch HCl 4M. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ho thu c hn hp hi 2 ancol c t khi so vi H 2 l 26,5 v 78,67g hn hp mui khan. Xc nh CTCT ca X v tnh m, bit X c cu to mch thng. Bi 10. Hn hp M gm 2 cht hu c A v B c t l mol tng ng l 2:1. Cht A mch h, ch cha mt loi nhm chc, c iu ch t axit no X v ancol no Y. Cht B l este n chc. Cho m gam hn hp M ha hi hon ton th th tch hi thu c ng bng th tch ca 9,6g O 2 ( cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol ancol Y cn 0,25 mol O2. Cho mg hn hp M phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH to c 41g mui duy nht, v hn hp N gm 2 cht Y v Z. Cht Z c thnh phn C, H, O, khng tc dng vi Na, khng c kh nng phn ng trng gng. Nu t chy hon ton cng mt s mol A hoc B th s mol CO 2 thu c t A lun bng s mol CO2 thu c t B trong cng iu kin .Vit phng trnh phn ng v xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, X, Y, Z. Bi 11. Hp cht hu c A c cha C, H, O khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2, ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Khi thy phn A to ra axit hu c B c 2 lin kt i trong phn t v ancol C. Cht B v C u l mch cacbon h. Trong bnh kn dung tch 10 lt cha 0,1 mol B v mt lng hirocacbon no, mch h D v 12,8 gam O2 va . t chy hon ton hn hp ny trong bnh c CO2, hi nc c s mol bng nhau. a) Tnh p sut trong bnh sau khi t 136,50C. Xc inh CTPT ca B, D. b) 0,2 mol A tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 12,4 gam ancol. Xc nh CTCT ca A. Bi 12. Hn hp A gm axit hu c X v este Y ca 1 axit hu c n chc. Ly ag hn hp cho phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, chng tch sn phm ta thu c 9,3g mt cht hu c B v 39,4g hn hp mui hu c khan. Cho ton b B phn ng vi Na ta thu c 3,36 lt mt kh ktc. Bit B c khi lng phn t nh hn 93 v B c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh trong sut. em ton b lng mui hu c nung vi vi ti xt thi thu c 8,96 lt hi (27,30C, 1,1atm) ca mt hirocacbon D. a) Xc nh CTCT ca B. b) Tnh s mol cc cht X, Y trong a(g) hn hp A. Xc nh CTCT ca X, Y. c) Vit phng trnh phn ng ca X vi B (theo t l 1:1). Bi 13: A l cht hu c mch h cha C, H, O v c 44,45% oxi v khi lng. Khi lng phn t ca A l 144 v.C. Khi cho A tc dng vi NaOH thu c mui B , ancol C v anehit D. Vit cng thc cu to c th c ca A, B, C, D. * Hn hp este v axit. * Este, axit tp chc Bi 1: t chy 0,1 mol cht hu c A ( ch cha C, H, O) vi O2 theo t l mol 1 : 2. Sn phm chy ( gm CO2, CO v nc) c dn ton b vo bnh 1 cha PdCl 2 (CO + PdCl2 + H2O CO2 + Pd + 2HCl) ri bnh 2 cha dung dch Ca(OH) 2 c hai bnh u c d . Sau th nghim bnh 1 ch tng 0,4 gam v xut hin 21,2 gam kt ta v bnh 2 khi lng kt ta l 30 gam. 1/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng . 2/ Xc nh CTPT ca A ( Cho Pd = 106). a) ng vi cng thc trn c 3 ng phn A1, A2, A3 tt c cc u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH cho ln lt 9,4 gam; 6,8 gam; v 11,2 gam mui natri nu ban u s dng l 0,1 mol mi ng phn. Xc nh CTCT ca A 1, A2, A3 v vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch A2 t A1. b) trung ho lng axit thy phn trong mt dung dch cha 77,4 gam X(l este ca A 1 vi ancol n chc B) phi dng ht 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. x phng ho lng este cn li phi dng thm th tch gp i NaOH ni trn. Xc nh X. c) Mt ng phn Y este khc ca X khi x phng ho vi KOH cho mui c khi lng bng 49/43 khi lng ca este. Xc nh este ng phn Y. d) Trng hp X v Y thnh polyme X v Y, Sau a X v Y phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. Vit phng trnh phn ng v gi tn sn phm.

Bi 2: X phng ho mt este no n chc bng mt lng va dung dch NaOH, ch thu c mt sn phm duy nht B ( khng thu c sn phm khc d ch l lng nh) C cn dung dch sau phn ng, nung cht B vi vi ti xt n khi lng khng i thu c ancol Z v mt mui v c. t chy hon ton ancol Z thu c CO2 v hi nc c t l th tch ln lt l 3: 4. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng tng qut v xc nh CTCT c th c ca este A bit A c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. b) Hp cht n chc A1 l ng phn khc chc ho hc ca A; A1 c kh nng phn ng trng hp v c ng phn hnh hc. Vit CTCT v ng phn hnh hc ca A1. Bi 3: Mt este n chc X ( cha C, H, O v khng c nhm chc khc). T khi ca X so vi O 2 l 32,15. Xc nh CTCT ca X trong mi trng hp sau y: a/ Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 23,2 gam b rn. b/ Cho 0,15 mol X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 21 gam mui khan ( X c mch C khng phn nhnh). Bi 4: t chy hon ton 1,04 gam cht hu c th thu c 896ml CO2(ktc) v 0,72 gam H2O. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit rng 1,04 gam A th hi chim th tch bng th tch ca 0,32 gam oxi cng iu kin. b) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A. Bit rng khi un nng A vi dung dch NaOH th thu c ancol no n chc c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 23 v mt cht B. A c kh nng tc dng vi Na gii phng H2. c) Cht B tc dng vi H2SO4 th thu c cht hu c C. Cho bit C c nhng tnh cht ho hc g?. Bi 5: Hp cht X, Y u cha cc nguyn t C, H, O khi lng phn t ca chng l MX v MY, trong MX < MY < 130 vC. Ho tan hn hp hai cht vo dung mi tr, c dung dch E. Cho E tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO 3 d th s mol CO2 bay ra lun lun bng tng s mol ca X v Y khng ph thuc vo tng s mol ca chng trong dung dch. Ly mt lng dung dch E cha 3,6 gam hn hp X, Y (ng vi tng s mol ca X, Y bng 0,05 mol), ri cho tc dng ht vi Na thu c 784 ml H2 (ktc). a) Hi X, Y cha cc nhm chc g? Xc nh CTPT ca chng bit chng khng c phn ng trng bc, khng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. b) Khi tch mt phn t nc khi Y thu c Z l hn hp hai ng phn hnh hc ca nhau trong c mt ng phn c th tch bt 1 phn t nc na to thnh cht P mch vng. P khng phn ng vi dung dch NaHCO 3. Xc nh CTCT ca Y v vit phng trnh phn ng chuyn ho. Y Z P. Bi 6. t chy ht 10ml th tch hi 1 hp cht hu c A cn dng 30ml O2 sn phm thu c ch gm CO2 v hi nc c th tch bng nhau v bng th tch oxi phn ng. 1. Lp CTPT ca A, vit CTCT v cc ng phn c th tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ca A. Bit cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. 2. Trn 2,7g A v 1,8g CH3COOH thu c hn hp B. Ly 1/2 hn hp B cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,504 lt kh H2 ktc, cn khi dn hi A qua CuO un nng s c cht E. E khng tc dng vi AgNO 3/NH3 to ra Ag. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn A, vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Bi 7: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t l C8H12O5. Cho 0,01 mol A tc dng ht vi lng dung dch NaOH va sau c cn thu c mt lng ancol 3 ln ancol v 1,76g hn hp cht rn X gm 2 mui ca 2 axit hu c n chc. Xc nh cng thc cu to c th c ca A (khng khai trin cng thc gc hirocacbon).

P N CC DNG BI TP ESTE * Vit cc ng phn este: n chc, a chc, no, khng no(c ng phn hnh hc). Bi 1: C4H8O2 , C4H6O2 , C4H4O4 , C8H8O2 Bi 2: * Vit cc phng trnh tnh cht ca cc este(ch cc dng este c bit) Bi 1: Bi 2: * Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca este n chc(1 este) Bi 1: HCOOC2H5. Bi 2: a/ C6H12O2; b/ CH3COOC4H9; c/ CH3COOC(CH3)3 Bi 3: C3H6O2 c 2 ng phn Bi 4: a/ C2H4O; b/ CH3COOC2H5 Bi 5: a/ CH3COOCH3; b/ 66,67% Bi 6: a/ HCOOC2H5; b/ CH3COOCH3 Bi 7: C2H3COOC6H5; V = 800ml Bi 8: C3H6O2 Bi 9: M: Na; E: CH3COOC2H5 Bi 10: a/ C4H8O2( 4 f); b/ 4 gam; t = 136,50C * Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca hn este n chc(2 este ng phn hoc khc nhau) Bi 1. HCOOC3H7(2 f) Bi 2: CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7 Bi 3: a/ C2H5OH; b/ HCOOH v HCOOC2H5 Bi 4: HCOOC3H7(75%); CH3COOC2H5(25%) hoc HCOOC3H7(87,5%); C2H5COOCH3(12,5%) Bi 5: HCOOCH3(44,78%) v CH3COOCH3(55,22%) Bi 6: a = 1,38 gam, HCOOC6H5 Bi 7: C2H5COOH; C2H5OH v C3H7OH Bi 8: CH3COOCH2-C2H3 v C2H5COOCH2-C2H3 Bi 9: CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5 Bi 10. a/ CTPT C4H6O2, c/ HCOOCH=CH-CH3 (8,6 g) v CH2=CH-COOCH3(4,3 g) Bi 11. a/ CTPT C4H8O2(a =1) c 1 pi ca nhm chc, b/ MTB=88; A: C3H6O2; B: C5H10O2 * Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este da theo sn phm v c im cu to * Hon thnh s phn ng trong c este Bi 1: * Xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht khi bit CTPT Bi 1: Bi 2: X: HCHO; Y HOCH2CHO; HOCH2CH2COOH * Xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht khi bit phn t khi v thnh phn nguyn t * Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este a chc(ch t l s mol cc mui) Bi 1: (COOC2H5)2 Bi 2: A: C3H5(OCOC17H33)3; B: C17H33COOH Bi 3: (C2H5OOC)2RCOOCH3 hay (CH3OOC)2RCOOC3H7 Bi 4. A: C7H12O4; CH3OOC-CH2-CH2COOC2H5 Bi 5. a/ (CH3COO)2C2H4; h =80% Bi 6. (HCOO)2C2H4 v (CH3COO)2C2H4; a = 19,38; b = 0,38 Bi 7. (CH3COO)3C3H5 Bi 8. CH3OOC-CH=CH-COOC3H7 Bi 9. C2H5OOC-C4H8-COOC3H7 hoc CH3OOC-C4H8-COOC4H9 Bi 10. A: (CH3COO)2C2H4; B: CH3COO-C(CH)3=CH-CH3; Y: C2H4(OH)2; X: CH3COOH Bi 11. a/ p = 2,686 atm; B: (COOH)2; D: C2H6 hoc B:CH2(COOH)2; D: CH4 Bi 12. a/ B:C2H4(OH)2; b/ X:CH2(COOH)2; Y: (CH3COO)2C2H4; c/ CH2(COO)2C2H4 Bi 13: A: C6H8O4; CH2=CH-OOC-COOC2H5 hoc CH2=CH-OOC-CH2-COOCH3 * Hn hp este v axit. * Este, axit tp chc Bi 1: A: C3H4O2; A1:C2H3COOH; A2HCOOC2H3; A3: este vng; X: C2H3COOCH3; Y: CH3COOC2H3 Bi 2: a/ este vng C4H6O2; A1: CH3-CH=CH-COOH Bi 3: a/ C2H5COOC2H3; b/ este vng C5H8O2 Bi 4: a/ C4H8O3; b/ HOCH2COOC2H5; Bi 5: a/ TH1: CH3COOH(0,03); HOC2H4COOH(0,02); TH2: CH3COOH(0,04); (HO)2C3H5COOH(0,01)(3 f) b/ HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-COOH HO-CH2-CH=CH-COOH este vng Bi 6. a/ C3H6O3; CH3-CH(OH)-COOH Bi 7: CH3COO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OOC-CH3