Do An Cung Cap Dien

n Tt nghip cung cp in
1
Phn I
Thit k cung cp in
cho nh my c kh a Ph- ng
Ch- ng I
Gii thiu chung v x nghip
1. Loi ngnh ngh, quy m v nng lc ca x nghip
1.1. Loi ngnh ngh:
Ngy nay, nn kinh t n- c ta ang pht trin mnh m, i sng
nhn dn cng - c nng cao nhanh chng. Trong qu trnh cng
nghip ho, hin i ho t n- c th cc loi hnh doanh nghip Nh
n- c ni chung v nh my c kh a phng ni ring l nhng mc
tiu hng u trong vic sn xut ra sn phm v pht trin nn kinh
t quc dn.
- Nh my c kh m em thit k l nh my c kh a phng.
Nhim v sn xut ch yu ca nh my l ch to, lp t nhng kt
cu kim loi, gia cng, sa cha lp rp c kh phc v cho s nghip
c kh ho sn xut nng nghip a phng, cc mt hng thit yu
dng trong xy dng, sinh hot. Ngoi nhng mt hng trn nh my
cn c dy chuyn sn xut bi gang, phc v cho cc my nghin than
ca cc nh my Xi mng v cc nh my Nhit in.
thc hin tt nhim v sn xut chin l- c ca mnh, khng
nhng ch i hi v tnh cht cng ngh m cn yu cu m bo cht
l- ng v tin cy cao trong lnh vc cung cp in cho nh my.
1.2. Quy m, nng lc ca x nghip:

2
- X nghip c tng din tch l 22525m
2
nh x- ng, bao gm 10
phn x- ng, - c xy dng tp trung t- ng i gn nhau, vi tng
cng sut d kin pht trin sau 10 nm sau l 12MVA.
- D kin trong t- ng lai x nghip s - c m rng v - c thay
th, lp t cc thit b my mc hin i hn. ng v mt cung cp
in th vic thit k cp in phi m bo s gia tng ph ti trong
t- ng lai v mt k thut v kinh t, phi ra phng php cp in
sao cho khng gy qu ti sau vi nm sn xut v cng khng qu
d- tha dung l- ng m sau nhiu nm x nghip vn khng khai thc
ht dung l- ng cng sut d tr dn n lng ph.
2 . Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ca x nghip:

* BPHC & QL - B phn hnh chnh v qun l.
* PXCSCK - Phn x- ng sa cha c kh.
* PXLRCK - Phn x- ng lp rp c kh.
* PXR - Phn x- ng rn.
PX SC c kh
PXKC Kim loi
PX LRp c kh
px rn
PX. c
PC GC G
B phn th nghim
trm bm
BPHC & QL
Nn kh
sn phm

3
* PX - Phn x- ng c.
* PXGCG - Phn x- ng gia cng g.
* PXKCKL - Phn x- ng kt cu kim loi.
- Theo quy trnh trang b in v quy trnh cng ngh sn xut
ca x nghip, th vic ngng cung cp in s nh h- ng n cht
l- ng sn phm, gy thit hi v kinh t, do ta xp x nghip vo
ph ti loi II.
- quy trnh sn xut ca x nghip m bo vn hnh tt th
phi m bo cht l- ng in nng v tin cy cung cp in cho
ton x nghip v cho cc phn x- ng quan trng trong x nghip.
3 . Gii thiu ph ti in ca ton x nghip.
3.1. Cc c im ca ph ti in.
- Ph ti in trong x nghip cng nghip c th phn ra lm hai
loi ph ti:
+ Ph ti ng lc
+ Ph ti chiu sng.
- Ph ti ng lc thng c ch lm vic di hn, in p yu
cu trc tip n thit b vi lch in p cho php AU
Cf
= 5%
U
m
. Cng sut ca chng nm trong di t mt n hng chc kw, v
- c cp bi tn s f=50Hz.
- Ph ti chiu sng thng l ph ti mt pha, cng sut khng
ln. Ph ti chiu sng bng phng, t thay i v thng dng dng
in tn s f = 50Hz. lch in p trong mng in chiu sng AU
Cf

= 2,5%.
3.2 . Cc yu cu v cung cp in ca x nghip.

4
- Cc yu cu cung cp in phi da vo phm vi v mc
quan trng ca cc thit b t vch ra phng thc cp in cho
tng thit b cng nh- cho cc phn x- ng trong x nhip, nh gi
tng th ton x nghip c kh ta thy t l (%) ca ph ti loi II l
67%. Ph ti loi II ln gp 2 ln ph ti loi III, do x nghip - c
nh gi l h ph ti loi II, v vy yu cu cung cp in phi - c
m bo lin tc.
4. Phm vi ti.
- y l mt ti thit k tt nghip, nhng do thi gian c hn
nn vic tnh ton chnh xc v t m cho cng trnh l mt khi l- ng
ln, i hi thi gian di, do ta ch tnh ton chn cho nhng hng
mc quan trng ca cng trnh.
- Sau y l nhng ni dung chnh m bn thit k s cp n:
+ Thit k mng in phn x- ng.
+ Thit k mng in x nghip.
+ Tnh ton cng sut b cho x nghip.
+ Tnh ton ni t cho cc trm bin p phn x- ng.
+ Thit k chiu sng cho phn x- ng sa cha c kh.


5


6
Ch- ng II
xc nh ph ti tnh ton
cc phn x- ng v ton x nghip.

1. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho phn x- ng sa cha c kh.
1.1. Phn loi v phn nhm ph ti trong phn x- ng sa cha c kh
- Cc thit b u lm vic ch di hn.
- phn nhm ph ti ta da theo nguyn tc sau :
+ Cc thit b trong nhm nn c cng mt ch lm vic
+ Cc thit b trong nhm nn gn nhau, trnh trng cho dy
dn
+ Cng sut thit b trong nhm cng nn cn i khi qu
chnh lch gia cc nhm
+ S l- ng thit b trong nhm nn c mt gii hn
Cn c vo v tr, cng sut ca cc my cng c b tr trn mt
bng x- ng ta chia ra lm 5 nhm thit b (ph ti ) nh- sau :
+ Nhm 1: 1; 1; 2; 3; 3; 5; 6; 11; 12;
+ Nhm 2 : 2; 4; 8; 9; 13; 17; 17;
+ Nhm 3 : 18 22; 31; 37; 41; 44;
+ Nhm 4: 19; 20; 21; 24; 26; 28; 33;
+ Nhm 5 : 23; 25; 40; 42; 46; 47; 48; 49; 50;
Bng 2-1: Bng cng sut t tng ca cc nhm.
Nhm ph ti 1 2 3 4 5
Cng sut tng (kw) 70,35 70,4 162,25 164,9 139,2
1.2 . Xc nh ph ti ng lc tnh ton ca phn x- ng.
a. Cc phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton

7
- Theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc i.
- Theo cng sut trung bnh v lch ca ph ti khi gi tr
trung bnh.
- Theo cng sut trung bnh v h s hnh dng ca th ph ti
- Theo cng sut t v h s nhu cu.
V c thng tin chnh xc v mt bng b tr my mc thit b,
bit - c cng sut v qu trnh cng ngh ca tng thit b, nn ta xc
nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc i .
b. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca nhm 1
Bng 2-2: Bng s liu nhm 1.
TT Tn thit b S l- ng K hiu Cng sut (kw)
1 Ba hi rn 2 1 10,0
2 Ba hi rn 1 2 28,0
3 L rn 2 3 4,5
4 Qut l 1 5 2,8
5 Qut thng gi 1 6 2,5
6 Dm treo c Palng
in
1 11 4,85
7 My mi sc 1 12 3,2
Cng thc tnh ph ti tnh ton:
P
tt
=K
max
. P
tb
= K
max
. E K
sdi
. P
mi.
( 2-1)
Trong :
+ P
tb
: cng sut trung bnh ca ph ti trong ca mang ti ln nht
(kw)
+ P
m
: cng sut nh mc ca ph ti (kw)
+ K
sd
: h s s dng cng sut ca nhm thit b.

8
(Bng ph lc 1 trang 253 TKC).
+ K
max
: h s cc i cng sut tc dng, tra th hoc tra bng
theo hai i l- ng K
sd
v n
hq
.
+ n
hq
: s thit b dng in hiu qu
- Ta thy vi nhm my cng c c K
sd
=0,16; t cosm=0,6
tgm = 1,33.
- Trnh t xc nh n
hq
nh- sau :
- Xc nh n
1
: s thit b c cng sut ln hn hay bng 1/2 cng
sut ca thit b c cng sut ln nht trong nhm.
Vi nhm 1, ta c n
1
= 1
- Xc nh P
1
tng cng sut nh mc ca n
1
thit b trn.
Ta c
=
n
1
1
dm 1 P P

+ P
m
: cng sut nh mc ca n
1
thit b.
P
1
= 28kw
- Xc nh n* v p* :
E
= =
P
P
P* ;
n
n
* n
1 1

Trong : 398 , 0
70,35
28
p* ; 11 , 0
9
1
* n = = = =
- T cc gi tr n* = 0,11 v p* = 0,4 tra bng (PL: 1.5: TKC]
- c n
hq
*= 0,47, vy ta c n
hq
= n . n
hq
* = 9 . 0,47 = 4,23 n
hq
= 4
- T K
sd
= 0,16 v n
hq
= 4 tra bng [PL: 1.6 TKC] - c K
max
=
3,11 vo cng thc (2-1) tnh - c:
P
tt
= 3,11 . 0,16 (10 + 10 + 28 + 4,5 + 4,5 + 2,8 + 2,5 + 4,85 + 3,2)

9
= 35 (kw)
Q
tt
= P
tt
. tgm = 35 . 1,33 = 46,55 (KVAR)
) KVA ( 24 , 58 55 , 46 35 Q P S
2 2 2
tt
2
tt tt
= + = + =
) A ( 486 , 88
380 . 3
10 . 24 , 58
U . 3
S
I
3
tt
tt
= = =
- T- ng t tnh ton cho cc nhm khc, kt qu ghi - c trong
bng B2-3.
- Mt s cng thc - c dng tnh ton:
- Cng thc quy i ch lm vic ngn hn lp li v ch
lm vic di hn ca thit b:
2) - (2 % K . P P
d dm qd
=
+ K
d
%: H s ng in phn trm.
- Cng thc tnh h s s dng cng sut tc dng trung bnh:
=
n
1
i
n
1
i
i
tb
p
p
k
K
dm
dm
.
sd
sd
. (2-3)
- H s cng sut trung bnh:
=
n
dmi
n
dmi
tb
p
p
1
1
cos .
cos
m
m (2-4)
- Cng thc quy i ph ti 1 pha sang ph ti 3 pha khi u vo in
p dy.
P
m.t
= 3 P
m.ph.max
(2-5)

10
+ P
m.ph.max
:ph ti nh mc ca pha mang ti ln nht (kw)
Bng kt qu tnh ton B2-3 trang sau:


11
1.3. Xc nh ph ti chiu sng ton phn x- ng:
Ph ti chiu sng - c tnh theo cng sut chiu sng trn mt
n v din tch. Cng thc tnh :
P
cs
=P
0
. F (2-6)
Trong :
+ P
0
: Sut ph ti chiu sng trn n v din tch (W/m
2
)
+ F : Din tch cn - c chiu sng (m
2
)
- Din tch chiu sng ton phn x- ng F = 48 x 25 =1200 (m
2
)
- Sut ph ti chiu sng chung cho phn x- ng sa cha c kh
P
o
=15 (W/m
2
)
Thay vo cng thc (2-6) - c :
P
cs
=15 . 1200 = 18 (Kw).
1.4 . Ph ti tnh ton ton phn x- ng sa cha c kh:
Cng thc:

+ =
n
1
cs nhi . tt
dt px . tt
P
p
k P
( 2-7)
=
n
1
nhi . tt dt PX . tt
Q K Q
Trong :
+ K
t
: h s ng thi, ly K
t
= 0,85.
+ n : s nhm thit b.
+ P
cs
: ph ti chiu sng (kw)

12
+ P
tt.nhi
, Q
tt.nhi
: cng sut tc dng, phn khng tnh ton ca nhm
th i.
Thay cc gi tr tnh ton - c trn vo cng thc ( 2-7) - c:
P
ttpx
= 0,85 . (35 + 32,33 + 80,74 + 82,05 + 63,92) + 18 = 268,0 (kw)
Q
ttpx
=0,85.(46,55+43,0 = 107,38 + 109,13 + 85,01) = 332,41 (KVAR)
S
tt.px
= ) KVA ( 06 , 427 5 , 332 0 , 268
2 2
= +
1.5. Xc nh ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b.
Ph ti nh nhn ca nhm thit b s xut hin khi thit b c
dng khi ng ln nht m my, cn cc thit b khc trong nhm
ang lm vic bnh thng v - c tnh theo cng thc sau:
I
n
= I
k(max)
+ (I
tt
- K
sd
. I
m(max)
) (2-8)
Trong :
I
k(max)
- Dng khi ng ca thit b c dng khi ng ln nht
trong nhm my.
I
tt
- Dng in tnh ton ca nhm my.
I
m(max)
- Dng nh mc ca thit b ang khi ng.
K
sd
- H s s dng ca thit b ang khi ng.
- I
n.nh1
= 70,9 . 5 + (88,49 - 0,16 . 70,9) = 431,65 (A)
- I
n.nh2
= 70,9 . 5 + (81,74 - 0,16 . 70,9) = 424,9 (A)
- I
n.nh3
= 202,58 . 5 + (207,451 - 0,16 . 227,9) = 1310,5(A)
- I
n.nh5
= 113,95 . 5 + (161,6 - 0,16 . 113,95) = 713,12 (A)
2. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton cho cc phn x- ng khc v ton x nghip.
2.1. Ph ti tnh ton ca cc phn x- ng:
Ph ti ng lc:
- V cc phn x- ng khc ch bit cng sut t do ph ti tnh
ton - c xc nh theo phng php h s nhu cu (k
nc
).

13
Cng thc tnh :
P
l
= k
nc
. P

Q
l
= Q
tt
= P
tt
. tgm
m
= + =
cos
p
Q p
S
tt
2
tt
2
tt
tt
(2-9)
Trong :
+ P
: Cng sut t ca phn x- ng (kw)

+ k
nc
: H s nhu cu ca nhm thit b c trng (tra s tay k
thut).
+ tgm : T- ng ng vi cosm c trng ca nhm h tiu th.
Ph ti chiu sng : tnh theo cng thc (2-6) trn.
a. Tnh ton cho phn x- ng kt cu kim loi :
Phn x- ng c cng sut t P
= 1950 (kw)
Din tch 70 . 25 = 1750 (m
2
)
- Tra bng ph lc [PL 1.3: TKC]
k
nc
=0,7
cosm =0,9 tgm =0,484
P
o
= 15 (w/m
2
)
- Thay vo cng thc (2-6 ) v (2-9) trn ta tnh - c:
+ Ph ti ng lc :
P
l
= 0,7 . 1950 = 1365 (kw)
Q
tt
= P
tt
. tgm = (P
l
+ P
cs
) . tgm = 1391,25 . 0,484 = 673,37 (KVAR)
+ Cng thc tnh ton chiu sng:

14
P
cs
= P
0
. F = 15 . 1750 = 26,25 (kw)
+ Cng sut tnh ton tc dng ca phn x- ng:
P
tt
= P
l
+ P
cs
= 1365 + 26,25 = 1391,25 (kw)
83 , 1545
9 , 0
25 , 1391
cos
P
S
tt
tt
= =
m
= (KVA)
b. Tnh ton t- ng t cho cc phn x- ng khc .
Kt qu - c - c ghi trong bng B 2-4:
Bng 2-4
Tn phn x- ng
P,
kw
K
nc
cosm tgm
F
(m
2
)
P
o

w/m
2
P
cs

kw
P
l
kw
P
tt
kw
Q
tt

KVAR
S
tt

KVA
PX. Kt cu kim loi 1950 0,7 0,9 0,484 1750 15 26,25 1365 1391,25 673,365 1545,83
PX. Lp rp c kh 1800 0,4 0,6 1,33 3600 15 54 720 774 1029,42 1290
PX. c 1200 0,7 0,8 0,75 2925 15 43,88 840 883,875 662,91 1104,84
PX. Nn kh 800 0,7 0,8 0,75 2250 15 33,75 560 593,75 445,31 742,19
PX. Rn 1200 0,6 0,6 1,33 1250 15 18,75 720 738,75 982,53 1231,25
Trm bm 640 0,7 0,75 0,88 1125 15 16,875 448 464,88 409,1 619,83
PX. CSCK 830 0,3 0,6 1,33 1200 15 18 250,0 268,0 332,41 446,7
PX. Gia cng g 450 0,5 0,6 1,33 3375 14 47,25 225 272,25 362,1 453,75
B phn HC v
Ql
80 0,8 0,9 0,484 3800 15 57 64 121 58,56 134,44
B phn th
nghim
370 0,8 0,8 0,75 1250 20 25 296 321 240,75 401,25
Tng 9320 22525 340,8 5488 5829 5196 7970

2.2. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca ton x nghip:
- Ph ti tnh ton tc dng ca ton x nghip:
) kw ( 2 , 4663 P P k P
10
1
csi
10
1
tti dl ttXN
= + =

- Ph ti tnh ton phn khng ton x nghip:

15
Q
ttXN
= k
t
8 , 4156 5196 . 8 , 0 Q
10
1
tti
= =
(KVAR)
- Ph ti tnh ton ton phn ca x nghip:
) KVA ( 95 , 6246 8 , 4156 2 , 4663 S
2 2
ttXN
= + =
- H s cng sut ca ton x nghip:
75 , 0
95 , 6246
2 , 4663
S
P
Cos
ttXN
ttXN
x
= = = m
2.3. Tnh s tng trng ca ph ti trong 10 nm sau:
- Cng thc xt n s gia tng ca ph ti trong t- ng lai:
S
(t)
= S
tt
(1 + o
1
t); trong 262 sch tra cu CCXNCN.
Trong :
S
tt
- Cng sut tnh ton ca x nghip thi im hin ti.
o
1
- H s pht trin hng nm ca ph ti: (o
1
= 0,083 - 0,101)
(trang 262 sch CCDXNCN)
t - S nm d kin (t = 10 nm)
Vy S
(10)
= 6246,95 . (1 + 0,95 . 10) = 12181,55 (KVA)
P
(10)
= S
(10)
. Cosm = 12181,55 . 0,75 = 9136,16 (Kw)
3. Xc nh biu ph ti:
- Vic phn b hp l cc trm bin p trong phm vi x nghip l
mt vn quan trng xy dng s cung cp in c cc ch tiu
kinh t, k thut cao, m bo - c chi ph hng nm nh. xc nh
- c v tr t cc trm bin p ta xy dng biu ph ti trn mt
bng tng ca x nghip.

16
- Biu ph ti l mt vng trn c din tch bng ph ti tnh
ton ca phn x- ng theo mt t l la chn.
- Mi phn x- ng c mt biu ph ti. Tm - ng trn biu
ph ti trng vi tm ca ph ti phn x- ng, tnh gn ng c th coi
ph ti ca phn x- ng ng u theo din tch phn x- ng .
- Biu ph ti cho php hnh dung - c r rng s phn b
ph ti trong x nghip.
- Mi vng trn biu ph ti chia ra thnh hai phn hnh qut
t- ng ng vi ph ti ng lc v ph ti chiu sng.
3.1. Xc nh bn knh vng trn ph ti:
m .
S
R
ttPXi
i
H
= ( 2-10 )
Trong :
+ S
ttPXi
: Ph ti tnh ton ca phn x- ng th i, (KVA)
+ R
i
: Bn knh vng trn biu ph ti ca phn x- ng th i,
mm
+ m : t l xch KVA/mm
2

- Gc chiu sng ca biu ph ti :

p
p
tt
cs
cs
. 360
=
o

xc nh biu ph ti, chn t l xch 3 KVA/mm.
Bng tnh kt qu R v o
cs
:
Bng 2-5
K
hiu
Tn phn x- ng
P
cs

Kw
P
tt

Kw
S
tt

KVA
m
KVA/mm
2
R,
mm
o
0
cs

1 PX. Kt cu kim loi 26,25 1391,25 1545,83 3 12,81 6,79

17
2 PX. Lp rp c kh 54 774 1290 3 11,7 5,12
3 Phn x- ng c 43,88 883,88 1104,84 3 10,83 17,87
4 Phn x- ng nn kh 33,75 593,75 742,19 3 8,88 20,46
5 Phn x- ng rn 18,75 738,75 1231,25 3 11,43 9,13
6 Trm bm 16,875 464,88 619,83 3 8,11 13,07
7 PX sa cha c kh 18 268 446,7 3 6,89 24,18
8 Phn x- ng gia cng g 47,25 272,25 453,75 3 6,94 62,48
9 B phn hnh chnh &
BQL
57 121 134,44 3 3,78 169,59
10 B phn th nghim 25 321 401,25 3 6,53 28,04
3.2 . Biu xc nh tm ph ti.
Trn s mt bng x nghip v mt h to xoy, c v tr to
trng tm ca cc phn x- ng l ( x
i
, y
i
) ta xc nh - c to ti
- u M
0
(x
0
, y
0
)
Vng trn ph ti :

1545
1
Tn phn x- ng; Cng sut tnh ton ca phn x- ng
- Xc nh trng tm ph ti ca x nghip:
Cng thc :
= =
n
1
i
n
1
i
i
0
n
1
i
n
1
i i
0
s
y
s
y
s
x s
x
;
.

44 , 8043
9 , 5 . 25 , 401 3 , 4 . 19 , 742 3 , 8 . 84 , 1104 3 , 1 . 1290 5 , 3 . 83 , 1545
x0
+ + + +
=
Gc ph ti chiu sng.
Ph ti ng lc.
o
cs

18
8 , 4
44 , 8043
9 , 1 . 44 , 134 8 . 75 , 453 7 , 5 . 7 , 446 5 , 5 . 83 , 619 3 , 5 . 25 , 1231
=
+ + + + +

44 , 8043
3 , 4 . 25 , 1231 3 , 1 . 19 , 742 2 . 84 , 1104 5 , 5 . 1290 5 , 5 . 83 , 1454
y
0
+ + + +
=
8 , 3
44 , 8043
9 , 1 . 25 , 401 7 , 0 . 44 , 134 5 . 75 , 453 7 , 5 . 7 , 446 1 . 83 , 19
=
+ + + +

Dch chuyn ra khong trng, vy ta c tm ph ti x nghip:
M (x
o
,y
o
)= M
0
(4,8; 3,8)
Ch- ng III
thit k mng In cao p
cho x nghip

1. Yu cu i vi s cung cp in :
- Yu cu i vi cc s cung cp in v ngun cung cp rt
a dng. N ph thuc vo gi tr ca x nghip v cng sut yu cu
ca n, khi thit k cc s cung cp in phi l- u ti cc yu t
c bit c trng cho tng x nghip cng nghip ring bit, iu kin
kh hu, a hnh, cc thit b c bit i hi tin cy cung cp in
(TCCC) cao, cc c im ca qu trnh sn xut v qu trnh cng
ngh ... t xc nh mc m bo an ton cung cp in, thit
lp s cu trc cp in hp l.
- Vic la chn s cung cp in ch yu cn c tin cy, tnh
kinh t v tnh an ton. tin cy ca s cp in ph thuc vo
loi h tiu th m n cung cp, cn c vo loi h tiu th quyt
nh s l- ng ngun cung cp ca s .
- S cung cp in (SCC) phi c tnh an ton m bo an
ton tuyt i cho ng- i v thit b trong mi trng thi vn hnh. Ngoi

19
ra, khi la chn s cung cp in cng phi l- u ti cc yu t k thut
khc nh- n gin, thun tin cho vn hnh, c tnh linh hot trong s c,
c bin php t ng ho.
2. Tng hp ph ti tnh ton ca x nghip:
- Kinh nghim cho thy rng ph ti in ca x nghip tng ln
khng ngng do vic hp l ho tiu th in nng, tng nng sut ca
cc my chnh, tng dung l- ng nng l- ng, thay hoc hon thin cc
thit b cng ngh, xy lp thm cc thit b cng ngh,... . hp l
ho s cung cp in v tt c cc phn t ca n ph thuc vo
vic nh gi ng n ph ti in, nu khng tnh n s pht trin
ca ph ti s dn n ph hoi cc thng s ti - u ca l- i.
- Nh- ng do khng c thng tin c th v s pht trin ca ph ti
in ca x nghip nn y ta khng xt n mc gia tng ca ph ti
trong t- ng lai do ph ti tnh ton S
tt
tnh tr- c vi s nm d
kin l 10.
S
tt(10)
= 12181,55 KVA
P
tt(10)
= 9136,16 kw
3. Xc nh in p truyn ti t h thng n x nghip:
3.1. Cng thc kinh nghim:
Trong tnh ton in p truyn ti thng thng ng- i ta s dng
mt s cng thc kinh nghim sau:
P 16 l 34 , 4 U + = (a)
4
l . P 16 U= (b) (3-1)
P
16
l
. 17 U + = (c)
Trong :
+ U : in p truyn ti tnh bng (kv)
+ l : Khong cch truyn ti tnh bng (km)

20
+ P : Cng sut truyn ti tnh bng (1000 kw)
3.2. Xc nh in p truyn ti t h thng v x nghip.
Thay cc gi tr P
ttXN(10)
= 9136,16 kw v l = 5km vo cng thc (3-
1a) trn ta tnh - c U = 53,36 kv. Vy ta chn cp in p truyn ti
t h thng n x nghip l U
m
=35 kv.
4. Cc phng php cung cp in cho x nghip :
4.1. Cc phng n v trm ngun:
- Gii thiu nhng s c trng cung cp in cho x nghip ch
t h thng (Hnh 19 - 14a, b, c, d - Tra cu CCXNCN).

- Ta thy nu dng s dn su t mng 35kv xung in p
0,4kv th c li gim - c tn tht nhng chi ph cho cc thit b cao.
Loi s ny ph hp vi cc x nghip c cc phn x- ng nm cch
xa nhau
(Hnh b)
- Nu dng s trm bin p trung tm 35/10kv cp in cho cc
bin p phn x- ng 10/0,4kv th chi ph cho cc thit b thp v vi loi
hnh phn x- ng t gn nhau th tn tht khng ln (Hnh c)
Theo phn tch trn ta dng s trm ngun l trm bin p
trung tm 35/10kv cp in cho cc trm bin p phn x- ng (BAPX)
4.2. Chn v tr xy dng trm :
- Trm bin p trung tm .

21
- Trm bin p trung tm nhn in t trm bin p trung gian
(BATG) hay - ng dy ca h thng c in p 35kv bin i xung
in p 10kv cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn x- ng.
- V tr xy dng trm - c chn theo nguyn tc chung sau:
+ Gn tm ph ti in M
0
(4,8; 3,8)
+ Thun li cho giao thng i li v m quan
Trm bin p t vo tm ph ti in, nh- vy di mng
phn phi cao p, h p s - c rt ngn, cc ch tiu kinh t k thut
ca s cung cp in m bo hn.
Vy ta chn xy dng trm bin p trung tm gn phn x- ng s
2 (k hiu s 5 trn mt bng )
- Trm bin p phn x- ng :
- Trm bin p phn x- ng lm nhim v bin i t in p x
nghip 10kv xung in p phn x- ng 0,4kv cung cp cho cc ph ti
ng lc v chiu sng ca phn x- ng.
- V tr cc trm phn x- ng cng t gn tm ph ti phn
x- ng, khng nh h- ng ti qu trnh sn xut, thun tin cho vic vn
hnh v sa cha .
+ Trm t trong phn x- ng: gim - c tn tht, chi ph xy
dng, tng tui th thit b, nhng kh khn trong vn chng chy
n .
+ Trm t ngoi phn x- ng: tn tht cao, chi ph xy dng ln,
d dng chng chy n.
+ Trm t k phn x- ng: tn tht v chi ph xy dng khng
cao, vn phng chy n cng d dng
Vy trm bin p - c chn xy dng k phn x- ng.

22
5. Xc nh s l- ng, dung l- ng cho cc my bin p:
5.1. Xc nh s l- ng my bin p:
- Chn s l- ng my bin p cho cc trm chnh cng nh- trm
bin p phn x- ng c ngha quan trng i vi vic xy dng mt s
cung cp in hp l.
- Kinh nghim tnh ton v vn hnh cho thy l trong mt trm
bin p ch cn t mt my bin p l tt nht, khi cn thit c th t
hai my, khng nn t qu hai my.
+ Trm mt my bin p c - u im l tit kim t ai, vn hnh
n gin trong hu ht cc trng hp c chi ph tnh ton hng nm
nh nht nhng c nh- c im mc m bo an ton cung cp in
khng cao .
+ Trm hai my bin p thng c li v kinh t hn so vi cc
trm ba my v ln hn.
Khi thit k quyt nh chn ng s l- ng my bin p cn
phi xt n tin cy cung cp in .
- Da vo tnh nng v mc quan trng ca tng phn x- ng
trong x nghip c th phn ra hai loi ph ti sau :
- Ph ti loi 2 gm :
- Phn x- ng kt cu kim loi (KCKL), k hiu trn mt bng s
1.
- Phn x- ng lp rp c kh (LRCK), k hiu trn mt bng s 2.
- Phn x- ng c, k hiu trn mt bng s 3.
- Phn x- ng nn kh, k hiu trn mt bng s 4
- Trm bm, k hiu trn mt bng s 6.

23
- Ph ti loi 3 gm:
- Phn x- ng rn (PXR), k hiu trn mt bng s 5.
- Phn x- ng (SCCK), k hiu tr mt bng s 7
- Phn x- ng (GCG), k hiu trn mt bng s 8.
- B phn HC & Ban Qun l, k hiu trn mt bng s 9.
- B phn th ngim, k hu trn mt bng s 10.
- S l- ng trm bin p - c chn nh- sau:
- Phn x- ng l ph ti loi 2, cn t 2 MBA cho trm BAPX .
- Phn x- ng l ph ti loi 3 cn t 1 MBA cho trm BAPX .
- Cn c vo v tr, cng sut tnh ton v yu cu tin cy CC
ca phn x- ng, quyt nh t 7 trm (BAPX) nh- sau:
+ Trm B
1
(2MBA) : Cp cho PXKCKL
+ Trm B
2
(2 MBA): Cp in cho PXLRC kh.
+ Trm B
3
(2 MBA): Cp in cho phn x- ng c.
+ Trm B
4
(2 MBA) : Cp in cho PXN kh + BPHC & BQL
+ Trm B
5
(2 MBA): Cp in cho trm bm v b phn th
nghim.
+ Trm B
6
(1 MBA): Cp in cho phn x- ng rn.
+ Trm B
7
(1 MBA): Cp in cho phn x- ng SCCK+ PX Gia
cng g.
5.2. Chn dung l- ng my bin p:
- Chn cng sut my bin p m bo an ton cung cp in
(A.T.C.C.). My bin p - c ch to vi cc c tiu chun nht nh,

24
vic la chn cng sut my bin p khng nhng m bo an ton
cung cp in, m bo tui th ca my m cn nh h- ng ln n
cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ca s cung cp in.
- Cc my bin p ca cc n- c - c ch to vi cc nh mc
khc nhau v nhit mi trng xung quanh, v vy khi dng my
bin p nhng ni c iu kin khc vi mi trng ch to cn tin
hnh hiu chnh cng sut nh mc ca my bin p.
- iu kin chn cng sut my bin p .
- Nu 1MBA :
S S TT dmB
>
(3-2)
Nu 2 MBA
S S k
S S
sc dmB qtsc
TT dmB
2
>
>
(3-3)
Trong :
+ S
mB
: Cng sut nh mc ca MBA (KVA)
+ S
tt
: Cng sut tnh ton ca ph ti ( KVA)
+ S
sc
: Cng sut ph ti m trm cn chuyn ti khi s c
(KVA)
+ K
qtsc
: H s qu ti s c ; K
qtsc
= 1,4.
Trm bin p trung tm:
) KVA ( 8701
4 , 1
55 , 12181
4 , 1
) KVA ( 78 , 6090
2
5 , 12181
2
S
S
S
S
SC
dmB
TT
dmB
= = >
= = >

- Chn MBA do Lin X ch to loi TDH c S
m
= 10 MVA khi
- a v lp t trong n- c th cng sut nh mc ca MBA phi - c
hiu chnh theo nhit .

25
- Cng thc hiu chnh cng sut theo nhit .[ gio trnh:
CCXN ]
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
u u
100
35
1 .
100
5
1
Max tb
dm
'
dm S S
(3-4)
Trong :
+ S
m
: cng sut nh mc sau khi hiu chnh (kVA)
+ S
m
: cng sut nh mc ghi trn nhn my (kVA)
Theo kh hu min Bc ly u
tb
= 24
0
C, u
max
=42
0
C, nh- vy cng
sut nh mc sau khi hiu chnh S
m
=0,75S
m
S
m
=0,75.10000=
7500(KVA).
Bng thng s k thut ca my bin p trung tm:
Bng 3-1
Loi
S
m

kVA
in p (kv) Tn tht U
N
%
C H
APo APn
C-H
TDH 7500 35 10 14,5 65 8,0
- Nn chn cng mt c my hoc chn khng qa 2-3 c my.
- Trm bin p phn x- ng B
1

) KVA ( 164 , 1104
4 , 1
83 , 1545
4 , 1
) KVA ( 915 , 772
2
83 , 1545
2
S
S
S
S
sc
dmB
tt
dmB
= = >
= = >

- V cc thit b thuc ph ti loi I ca phn x- ng ch chim
khong 80%, do ly S
sc
= 0,8 x 1104,164 = 883,33 KVA.

26
Chn my bin p 1000KVA ca ABB sn xut ti Vit Nam
khng phi hiu chnh theo iu kin nhit .
- Chn t- ng t cho cc trm bin phn x- ng khc, nhng my
c S
m
s1000kVA, ta chn MBA ca hng ABB sn xut ti Vit Nam
nn khng phi hiu chnh nhit . Cc trm dng loi trm k, c 1
t- ng chung vi t- ng phn x- ng. Kt qu chn ghi trong bng B3-2.
Bng 3-2
K
hi
u
Tn phn x- ng
S
tt

(kVA)
S my
S
mB

(kVA)
Tn
trm
1 PX. Kt cu kim loi 1545,83 2 1000 B
1

2 PX. lp rp c kh 1290 2 1000 B
2

3 Phn x- ng c 1104,84 2 1000 B
3

4 PX. nn kh 742,19
2 800 B
4
5 B phn hnh chnh v
BQL
134,44
6 Trm bm 619,83
2 800 B
5
7 B phn th nghim 401,25
8 PX. rn 1231,25 1 1000 B
6
9 PX sa cha c kh 446,7
1 800 B
7
10 PX. gia cng g 453,75
6. Cc phng n i dy mng cao p ca x nghip:
- Trm bin p trung tm ca x nghip s - c ly in t h
thng bng - ng dy trn khng, dy nhm li thp, l kp.
- m bo an ton, m bo khng gian v m quan cho x
nghip mng cao p - c dng cp ngm. T trm BATT n cc
trm bin p phn x- ng B
1
; B
2
; B
3
; B
4
; B
5
; dng cp l kp, n
trm B
6
; B
7
dng cp l n.

27
Cn c vo v tr cc trm bin p phn x- ng v trm bin p
trung tm trn mt bng, ra 3 phng n i dy mng cao p.
- Ph- ng n 1:
Cc trm bin p phn x- ng - c cp in trc tip t trm
BATT.
- Ph- ng n 2 v phng n 3; cc trm bin p xa trm BATT
ca nh my, ly lin thng qua cc trm gn trm BATT. Cc
phng n i dy ca mng in x nghip nh- sau:
(V cc s i dy ca 3 phng n)
Trong :

7. Tnh ton so snh ch tiu kinh t - k thut cho cc phng n
- ng dy cp in t h thng v trm BATT ca x nghip
bng - ng dy trn khng, loi dy AC
Tra bng vi dy dn AC v T
max
=4500h - c J
kt
=1,1(A/mm
2
)
Ta c
) mm ( 34 , 91
1 , 1
47 , 100
F ;
). A ( 47 , 100
35 . 3 . 2
55 , 12181
3 2
2
kt
kt
ttXN
kt
dm
ttXN
ttXN
J
I
F
U
S
I
= = =
= = =

- Trm bin p trung tm (BATT)
- Trm bin p phn x- ng (BAPX)
- Cc cao p
- Cc h p

28
Chn dy nhm li thp tit din 95mm
2
, k hiu AC-95 c I
cp
=330(A)
- Kim tra s c khi t mt dy : ) A ( 2 , 173
35 . 3
7500 . 4 , 1
U . 3
S 4 , 1
I
dm
dmB
sc
= = =
I
cp
> I
ttsc
= 173,2 (A). Dy dn chn tho mn.
- Kim tra dy dn chn theo iu kin tn tht in p, v tit
din dy chn v- t cp cho s gia tng ca ph ti trong t- ng lai,
nn khng cn kim tra theo AU.
7.1. Tnh ton kinh t - k thut cho cc phng n:
Sau y ln l- t tnh ton kinh t k thut cho 3 phng n. Mc
ch tnh ton ca phn ny l so snh t- ng i gia 3 phng n cp
in, ch cn tnh ton so snh phn khc nhau gia 3 phng n. C 3
phng n u c nhng phn t ging nhau: - ng dy cung cp t
trm bin p trung gian (BATG) v (BATT), 7 trm bin p, v th ch
so snh k thut - kinh t gia 3 mng cp cao p. D nh dng cp
XLPE li ng bc thp do hng FURUKAWA ca Nht Bn, c cc
thng s k thut cho trong ph lc.
a. Ph- ng n 1:
Chn cp t trm BATT n cc trm bin p phn x- ng - c
dng cp ng 10kv, 3 li cch in XLPE ai thp v PVC.
Vi cp ng v T
max
= 4500h, tra bng - c J
kt
= 3,1 A/mm
2
.
- Chn cp t trm BATT n trm B
1
:
) A ( 62 , 44
10 . 3 . 2
83 , 1545
. 3 . 2
U
S
I
dm
1 TTB
max v / l
= = =
) mm ( 39 , 14
1 , 3
62 , 44
2
kt
max
kt
j
I
F
= = =

29
Chn cp c tit din F=16mm
2
, k hiu 2XLPE (3x16) c I
cp
=110 (A).
+ Kim tra iu kin pht nng : I
sc
= 2I
max
= 89,24 < 110 (A).
- Chn t- ng t cho cc - ng cp khc, kt qu ghi trong bng B 3-
3 sau:
Bng 3-3
- ng cp F, mm
2
L, m Gi,
10
3
/m
Tin, 10
3

BATT-B
1
16 75 48 3600
BATT-B
2
16 180 48 8640
BATT-B
3
16 210 48 10080
BATT-B
4
16 130 48 6240
BATT-B
5
16 120 48 5760
BATT-B
6
25 30 75 2250
BATT-B
7
16 120 48 5760
K1 = 42330.10
3
.
- Tn tht cng sut tc dng:
3
2
2
10 . R . P
U
s

= A (KW)
Trong :
+ S : Cng sut truyn ti (kVA)
+ U : in p truyn ti (kV)
+ R : in tr tc dng ( O )
- Tn tht trn on cp t trm BATT n trm B1: cp c r
0
=
1,47 O/km, L=75M R = r
0
. l
R = 1,47 . 0,075 = 0,11 (O)
) kw ( 63 , 2 10 . 11 , 0 .
10
83 , 1545
P
3
2
2
= = A

- Tnh t- ng t cho cc tuyn cp khc, kt qu ghi trong bng B3-4
sau :
Bng 3-4
- ng cp F,mm
2

L,m
R
0
, O/km R, O
S
tt
,,kV
A
A, kw

30
BATT-B
1
16 75 1,47 0,11 1545,83 2,63
BATT-B
2
16 180 1,47 0,260 1290 4,41
BATT-B
3
16 210 1,47 0,31 1104,84 3,77
BATT-B
4
16 130 1,47 0,19 876,63 1,46
BATT-B
5
16 120 1,47 0,18 1021,08 1,84
BATT-B
6
25 30 0,93 0,028 1231,25 0,424
BATT-B
7
16 120 1,47 0,18 900,45 1,43
AP
E
1
=15,96 kw
- Tn tht in nng :
AA =AP
E
.t
Tra bng vi T
max
= 4500h v Cosm = 0,76 ta - c thi gian tn
tht ln nht t =3000h AA
1
=AP
E
1
.t = 15,96 . 2000 = 47880 kwh
- Tnh ton kinh t :
Hm chi ph tnh ton hng nm ca mt phng n:
Z = ( a
t c
+ a
vh
) . K
i
+ Y
i
. AA
Trong :
+ a
t c
: h s thu hi vn u t- .
+ a
vh
: h s vn hnh.
+ K
i
: vn u t- .
+ Y
i
AA.= C .AA : ph tn vn hnh hng nm.
Tnh ton vi - ng cp ly :
a
t c
= 0,2
a
vh
= 0,1
C =750/kwh
Chi ph vn hnh cho phng n 1 l:
Z
1
= (0,1 + 0,2) . 42330 . 10
3
+ 750 . 47880 = 48609 . 10
3
ng
- Tnh ton t- ng t cho cc phng n khc, kt qu ghi trong cc bng
sau:
b. Ph- ng n 2:
Bng kt qu chn cp:

31
Bng 3-5
- ng cp F, mm
2
L, m Gi x10
3
/m Tin x10
3

BATT-B
1
25 75 75 5625
BATT-B
2
16 180 48 8640
BATT-B
3
16 210 48 10080
BATT-B
4
25 70 75 5250
BATT-B
6
25 30 75 2250
B
1
-B
7
16 130 48 6240
B
4
-B
5
16 110 48 5280
K
2
= 43365.10
3

- Bng tnh ton tn tht cng sut AP.
Bng 3-6
- ng cp F, mm
2
L, km R
0
, O/km R, O
S
tt

kVA
AP.
Kw
BATT-B
1
25 0,075 0,93 0,069 2446,28 4,129
BATT-B
2
16 0,18 1,47 0,265 1290 4,41
BATT-B
3
16 0,21 1,47 0,308 1104,84 3,77
BATT-B
4
25 0,07 0,93 0,065 1897,7 2,34
BATT-B
6
25 0,03 0,93 0,028 1231,25 0,424
B
1
-B
7
16 0,13 1,47 0,19 900,45 1,54
B
4
-B
5
16 0,11 1,47 0,162 1021,08 1,69
AP
2
= 18,3 kw
- Chi ph tnh ton
AA
2
=AP
2
. t = 18,3 . 3000 = 54900 kwh
Z
2
=0,3 K
2
+ C.AA
2

Z
2
= 0,3 . 43365 . 10
3
+ 750 . 54900 = 54184,5.10
3

c. Ph- ng n 3:
Bng kt qu chn cp:

32
Bng 3-7
- ng cp F, mm
2
L, Km Gi.10
3
/m Tin .10
3

BATT-B
1
16 75 48 3600
BATT-B
2
16 180 48 8640
BATT-B
3
25 235 75 17625
BATT-B
4
16 150 48 7200
BATT-B
6
25 30 75 2250
BATT-B
7
16 120 48 5760
B
3
-B
7
16 100 48 4800
K
3
= 49875.10
3

Bng kt qu tnh ton tn tht cng sut AP :
Bng 3-8
- ng cp
F
mm
2

L
m
R
0

O/km
R
O
S
tt

kVA
AP,
kw
BATT-B
1
16 0,075 1,47 0,11 1545,83 2,63
BATT-B
2
16 0,18 1,47 0,265 1290 4,41
BATT-B
3
25 0,235 0,93 0,22 2125,92 9,94
BATT-B
4
16 0,15 1,47 0,22 876,63 1,69
BATT-B
6
25 0,03 0,93 0,028 1231,25 0,424
BATT-B
7
16 0,12 1,47 0,176 900,45 1,43
B
3
-B
5
16 0,1 1,47 0,147 1021,08 1,53
AP
3
=
22,05kw
- Chi ph tnh ton :
AA
3
= AP
3
.t = 22,05 . 3000 = 66156 kwh
Z
3
=0,3.K
3
+ C.AA
3
= 0,3 . 49875.10
3
+750.66156=64579,5 . 10
3

Z
3
= 64579,5 .10
3

7.2. So snh cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut ca cc phng n:
Cc tuyn cp chn v- t cp, cc TBAPX rt gn TBATT, cc
phng n coi nhiu kin tn tht in p t yu cu v khng
em so snh na.

33
Bng 3-9
Ph- ng n K
i
.10
3

AA
i
kwh
Z
i
.10
3

1 42330 47880 48609
2 43365 54900 54184,5
3 49875 66156 64579,5
Theo bng trn ta thy :
- Xt v mt kinh t th phng n 1 c chi ph tnh ton hng nm
(Z) l nh nht.
- Xt v mt k thut th phng n 1 c tn tht in nng hng nm b
nht
- Xt v mt qun l vn hnh th phng n 1 c s hnh tia
thun li cho vn hnh, sa cha.
Vy chn Ph- ng n 1 lm phng n ti - u ca mng cao p.
8. S nguyn l v thuyt minh vn hnh ca phng n ti - u:
8.1. S nguyn l : (s trang sau.)

34

Hnh 3.4. S ni trm bin p phn x- ng t 1 MBA

Hnh 3.5. S u ni cc trm phn x- ng t 2 MBA.

T cao p
CD - CC
MBA
10/0,4KV
T
Aptomat
tng
T
Aptomat
nhnh

T cao
p
My
bin p
10/0,4K
V
T
aptmt
tng
T
aptmt
nhnh
T A
phn
on
T
ptmt
T
aptmt
tng
My
bin p
10/0,4K
V
T cao
p

35
S nguyn l mng cao p ton x nghip

35KV
CSV
MC
BATT
MC
BU
TG 10 KV
MCLL TG 10 KV
0,4 KV
B
6
CC

CD

B
1
B
2
B
3
B
4
B
5
B
7
Hnh 3 - 6

36
8.2. Cc thit b v nguyn tc vn hnh:
a. Cc thit b:
- - ng dy trn khng 35kv dng dy AC-95, c t my ct loi
SF
6
.
- Pha cao p ca trm BATT t my ct SF
6
v u vo trm
t chng st van.
- Pha h p (10kv) ca trm BATT s dng h thng mt thanh
gp gm hai phn on, chng - c lin h vi nhau bng my ct lin
lc (MCLL).
+ Cc my ct cp 10kv - c s dng my ct hp b.
+ Trn mi phn on ta t cc bin in p 3 pha 5 tr ( BU ).
- Pha cao p (10Kv) trm bin p phn x- ng dng t cu dao-
cu ch trn b.
- Pha h p (0,4Kv) ca trm BAPX t Aptomat tng (AT) v
cc Aptomat nhnh, trm 2 MBA ta t thm Aptomat lin lc
(ATLL).
b. Nguyn tc vn hnh:
- Bnh thng cc MCLL, ATLL lun m, cc my bin p lm
vic c lp vi nhau (vn hnh h).
- Khi mt trong hai MBA b s c hay - c - a ra sa cha th
cc MC (CD-CC) pha cao p v MC (AT) h p s ct ra v MCLL
(ATLL) s - c ng li lin thng gia hai phn on
- Khi s c hay sa cha thanh ci ca phn on no th cc MC
ni vi phn on - c ct ra.
- Bng thng s k thut cc my bin p phn x- ng :
Bng 3-10

37
S
m
,kVA U
C
, kv U
H,
kv
AP
0
, W AP
N
, W
U
N
%
1000 10 0,4 1750 13000 5,5
800 10 0,4 1400 10500 5,5
Ch- ng IV
tnh ton ngn mch

1. Mc ch tnh ngn mch :
- Mc ch tnh ngn mch l chn v kim tra cc thit b .
- Do tnh ton chn thit b khng i hi chnh xc cao nn
c th dng nhng phng php gn ng v ta c s gi thit sau:
+ Cho php tnh gn ng in khng h thng qua cng sut ct
ngn mch ca my ct u ngun v khng bit cu trc ca h
thng.
+ Khi lp s tnh ton ta b qua nhng phn t m dng ngn
mch khng chy qua v cc phn t c in khng khng nh h- ng
ng k nh- my ct, dao cch ly, aptomat,...
+ Mng cao p c th tnh hoc khng tnh n in tr tc dng.
Cc h thng cung cp in xa ngun v cng sut l nh so vi h
thng in quc gia, mng in tnh ton l mng in h, mt ngun
cung cp cho php ta tnh ton ngn mch n gin trc tip trong h
thng c tn.
+ Mng h p th in tr tc dng c nh h- ng ng k ti gi
tr dng ngn mch, nu b qua trong tnh ton s phi sai s ln dn
n chn thit b khng chnh xc.
2. Chn im tnh ngn mch v tnh ton cc thng s ca s .
2.1.Chn im tnh ngn mch:

38
- chn kh c in cho cp 35kv, ta cn tnh cho im ngn
mch N
1
ti thanh ci trm bin p trung tm 35/10kv kim tra my
ct v thanh gp y ta ly S
N
= S
ct
ca my ct u ngun.
- chn kh c in cho cp 10kv :
+ Pha h p ca trm bin p trung tm, cn tnh im ngn
mch N
2
ti thanh ci 10kv ca trm kim tra my ct, thanh gp.
+ Pha cao p trm bin p phn x- ng, cn tnh cho im ngn
mch N
3
chn v kim tra cp, t cao p cc trm
- Cn tnh im N
4
trn thanh ci 0,4kv kim tra T h p tng ca
trm.
2.2. Tnh ton cc thng s ca s :
- S nguyn l .

- S thay th .

- Tnh in khng h thng:
N
2
tb
HT
S
U
X =
S
N
: Cng sut ngn mch ca MC u - ng dy trn khng
(DK), S
N
= S
ct
= 3 . U
m
. I
m
.
My ct u - ng dy trn khng l loi SF
6
, k hiu 8DB10 c
U
m
=36kv, I
m
= 2500 Am I
cm
= 31,5 kA.
BATG MC DK MC
BATT BAPX
Cp
DCL
CC
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
H
T
X
HT
Z
D
Z
BATT
Z
BAPX
Z
C
N
1
N
2 N
3
N
4

39
) ( 717 , 0
5 , 31 . 35 . 3
37
X
2
HT
O = =
- DK
Loi AC -95 c r
0
= 0,33O/km; x
0
= 0,413 O/km; l = 5km.
R
D
= r
0
. l = 0,33 . 5 = 1,65 (O)
X
D
= x
0
. l = 0,413 . 5 = 2,065 (O)
- My BATT: Loi TMH c S
m
= 7500kVA, U
C
= 36kv; AP
N
=
65kw; U
N
% = 8. Tnh R
BATT
v X
BATT
quy i v pha 10kV.

3
dm
2
dm N
B
3
2
dm
2
dm N
B
10 .
S
U
.
100
% U
X ; 10 .
S
U . P
R =
A
=
) ( 116 , 0 10 .
7500
10 . 65
R
3
2
2
B
O = =
) ( 07 , 1 10 .
7500 . 100
10 . 8
X
3
2
B
O = =
- Cc - ng cp 10kv:
- Cp t BATT n trm B
1
: (tra PLV-16: TKC) c thng s
sau: cp c r
0
= 1,47O/km; x
0
= 0,128O/km; l = 0,075 km.
R
C
= r
0
. l = 1,47 . 0,075 = 0,11 (O)
X
C
= x
0
. l = 0,128 . 0,075 = 9,6 . 10
-3
(O)
Cc - ng cp khc tnh t- ng t, kt qu ghi trong bng B sau:
Bng 4-1
- ng
cp
F,
mm
2

L,
Km
X
0

O/km
r
0
O/km
R
C
, O X
C
, O
BATT-B
1
16 0,075 0,128 1,47 0,11 9,6,10
-3
BATT-B
2
16 0,18 0,128 1,47 0,26 0,023

40
BATT-B
3
16 0,21 0,128 1,47 0,31 0,027
BATT-B
4
16 0,13 0,128 1,47 0,19 0,017
BATT-B
5
16 0,12 0,128 1,47 0,18 0,015
BATT-B
6
25 0,03 0,118 0,93 0,028 3,54.10
-3
BATT-B
7
16 0,12 0,128 1,47 0,18 0,015

Cc trm BAPX ta chn 2 loi MBA do ABB sn xut ti Vit
Nam, khng phi hiu chnh nhit .
- Loi 800 KVA c: U
c
=10kv, U
H
=0,4kv, AP
0
=1,4kw; AP
N
=
10,5kw; U
N%
=5,5.
) ( 10 . 63 , 2 10 .
800
4 , 0 . 5 , 10
. R
3 3
2
3
B
O = =

) ( 011 , 0 10 .
800 . 100
4 , 0 . 5 , 5
. X
3
2
3
B
O = =
- Loi 100KVA c: U
c
=10kv, U
H
= 0,4kv, AP
0
=1,75kw;
AP
N
= 13kw; U
N%
=5,5.
) ( 10 . 08 , 2 10 .
1000
4 , 0 . 13
. R
3 3
2
3
B
O = =

) ( 10 . 8 , 8 10 .
1000 . 100
4 , 0 . 5 , 5
X
3 3
2
3
B
O = =

- Cc my BAPX khc - c tnh t- ng t, kt qu ghi trong bng
sau
Bng 4-2
My bin p
S
m

kVA
AP
N

kw
U
N%

R
B
, O

X
B
, O

41
B
1
1000 13 5,5 2,08.10
-3
8,8.10
-3
B
2
1000 13 5,5 2,08.10
-3
8,8.10
-3

B
3
800 10,5 5,5 2,63.10
-3
0,011
B
4
800 10,5 5,5 2,63.10
-3
0,011
B
5
800 10,5 4,5 2,63.10
-3
0,011
B
6
1000 13 5,5 2,08.10
-3
8,8.10
-3

B
7
800 10,5 5,5 2,63.10
-3
0,011

3. Tnh ton dng ngn mch:
- Ngn mch ti im N
1
:
- S thay th

Ta c :
1
1 tb
1 N
Z . 3
U
I
E
=
- ) kA ( 6 , 6
) 065 , 2 717 , 0 ( 65 , 1 . 3
37
I I I
2 2
"
1 N 1 N
=
+ +
= = =

- i
xk1
= ) kA ( 8 , 16 6 , 6 . 8 , 1 . 2 I . 8 , 1 . 2
1 N
= =
- S
N1
= ) MVA ( 400 6 , 6 . 35 . 3 I . U . 3
1 N
= =
- Tnh ngn mch ti im N
2
:
- S thay th

Ta c :
H
T
X
HT
Z
D
N
1
H
T
X
HT
Z
BT
N
2
Z
D

42
) kA ( 60 , 4
249 , 0 294 , 1 . 3
5 , 10
I I I
2 2
"
2 N 2 N
=
+
= = =

R
E
2
= R
1Q
+ R
BTQ
= 0,133 + 0,116 = 0,249 (O)
R
E
2
= R
1Q
+ R
BTQ
= 0,224 + 1,07 = 1,294 (O)
) ( 133 , 0
37
5 , 10
. 65 , 1 R
2
) KV 10 ( QD 1
O = |
.
|
\
|
=
) ( 224 , 0
37
5 , 10
). 065 , 2 717 , 0 ( X
2
) KV 10 ( QD 1
O = |
.
|
\
|
+ =
- i
xk2
= ) kA ( 71 , 11 6 , 4 . 8 , 1 . 2 I . 8 , 1 . 2
2 N
= =
- S
-
N2
= ) MVA ( 67 , 79 6 , 4 . 10 . 3 I . U . 3
2 N
= =
- Ngn mch ti N
3
:
- S thay th

- Tnh I
N3
cho tuyn BATT - B
1
:
Ta c : R
3
= R
E
2
+ R
C1
= 0,249 + 0,11 = 0,36 (O)
R
3
= R
E
2
+ X
C1
= 1,294 + 9,6 . 10
-3
= 1,304 (O)
) kA ( 48 , 4
304 , 1 36 , 0 . 3
5 , 10
I
2 2
1 C 3 N
=
+
=

- i
xk3-C1
= ) kA ( 4 , 11 48 , 4 . 8 , 1 . 2 =
- S
N3
= ) MVA ( 197 4 , 11 . 10 . 3 =
H
T
X
HT
Z
BT
N
3
Z
D
Z
C1

43
Tnh t- ng t cho cc - ng cp khc, kt qu - c ghi trong
bng sau.
Bng 4-3
- ng cp R
3
, O x
3
, O I
N3
, kA i
xk3
; kA
S
N3

MVA
BATT-B
1
0,36 1,304 4,48 11,4 197
BATT-B
2
0,51 1,32 4,28 10,89 188,62
BATT-B
3
0,56 1,32 4,23 10,77 186,54
BATT-B
4
0,44 1,31 4,38 11,5 199,18
BATT-B
5
0,43 1,31 4,39 11,18 193,64
BATT-B
6
0,29 1,3 4,55 11,58 200,57
BATT-B
7
0,43 1,31 4,39 11,18 193,64
- Ngn mch ti N
4
:
- S thay th

) ( 10 . 6 , 2 10 . 08 , 2
5 , 10
4 , 0
. 36 , 0 R R R R
3 3
2
4 BX ) kV 4 , 0 ( QD 3 4
O = + |
.
|
\
|
= + =

E E

) ( 01 , 0 10 . 8 , 8
5 , 10
4 , 0
. 304 , 1 X X R X
3
2
4 BX ) kV 4 , 0 ( QD 3 4
O = + |
.
|
\
|
= + =

E E

) kA ( 35 , 22
01 , 0 ) 10 . 6 , 2 ( . 3
4 , 0
I
2 3
4 N
=
+
=

- i
xk4
= ) kA ( 89 , 56 35 , 22 . 8 , 1 . 2 =
- S
N4
= ) MVA ( 48 , 15 35 , 22 . 4 , 0 . 3 =
Tnh t- ng t cho cc tuyn cn li ta c bng sau:
Bng 4-4
H
T
X
HT
Z
BT
N
4
Z
D
Z
C
Z
BX

44
- ng
cp
R
4
, O X
4
, O I
N4
, kA i
xk4
; kA
S
N4

MVA
BATT-B
1
2,6.10
-3
0,01 22,35 56,89 15,48
BATT-B
2
2,8.10
-3
0,01 22,24 56,61 15,41
BATT-B
3
3,44.10
-3
0,013 17,17 43,7 11,89
BATT-B
4
3,27.10
-3
0,013 17,23 43,86 11,94
BATT-B
5
3,25.10
-3
0,013 17,235 43,87 11,94
BATT-B
6
2,5.10
-3
0,011 20,47 52,11 14,18
BATT-B
7
3,25.10
-3
0,013 17,235 43,87 11,94
4. Chn v kim tra thit b:
4.1. Chn v kim tra my ct .
- iu kin chn v kim tra:
- in p nh mc, kv : U
mMC
> U
m.m

- Dng in lu di nh mc, A : I
m.MC
> I
cb

- Dng in ct nh mc, kA : I
m.ct
> I
N

- Dng n nh ng, kA : I
m.
> i
xk

- Dng n nh nhit : t
m.nh
> I

nh . dm
qd
t
t

a. Chn my ct - ng dy trn khng 35kV:
- Chn my ct SF
6
loi 8DB10 do SIEMENS ch to c bng
thng s sau:
Loi U
m
, kv I
m
, A I
m.C
, kA i
, kA
8DB10 35 2500 31,5 80

- Kim tra:

45
I
m.MC
> I
cb
=104 (A)
I
m.ct
> I
N
= 6,6 (KA)
i
m.
> i
xk
= 16,8 (kA)
My ct c dng nh mc I
m
> 1000A do khng phi kim tra
dng n nh nhit.
b. Chn my ct hp b 10kv :
- Cc my ct ni vo thanh ci 10kv chn cng mt loi SF
6
, k
hiu 8DC11 do SIEMENS ch to c bng thng s sau:
Loi U
m
,kV I
m
, A I
m.C
, 2s kA i
, kA
8DC11 12 1250 25 63

- Kim tra :
I
m.MC
> I
cb
= 364,72 (A)
I
m.ct
> I
N
= 4,55 (kA)
i
m.
> i
xk
= 11,58 (KA)
4.2. Chn v kim tra dao cch li cp 35 kV:
- iu kin chn v kim tra:
- in p nh mc, kV : U
mDCL
> U
m.m

- Dng in lu di nh mc, A : I
m.DCL
> I
cb

- Dng n nh ng, kA : i
m.
> i
xk

- Dng n nh nhit, kA : t
m.nh
.I
2

m.nh
> t
q
.I
2

Chn dao cch li t ngoi tri, l- i dao quay trong mt phng
nm ngang loi 3DE do SIEMENS ch to:
Loi U
m
, kv I
m
, A I
Nt
, kA I
N max
, kA
3DC 36 1000 25 60

46
- Kim tra: U
mDCL
> U
m.m
= 35 kV
I
m.DCL
> I
cb
=104 A
I
N max
> i
xk
= 16,8 kA
4.3. Chn t cao p trn b cp 10kv :
- Chn t cao p trn b, c dao cch ly 3 v tr, cch in bng
SF
6
do SIEMENS ch tao, loi 8DH10
Loi t U
m
, kV I
m
, A I
Nt
, kA I
N max
, kA Thit b
8DH10 12 200 25 25 Dao ct ph ti
Cu ch
4.4 Chn v kim tra cp :
- Chn cp ng 3 li, cch in XLPE, ai thp, v PVC do hng
FURUKAWA ch to, cp - c t trong hm cp :

- ng cp
F, 1li
mm
2

Hnh dng
I
CP
, 25
0
c
A
I
N
, 1s
kA
U
m
, kV
BATT-B1,2,6 25 Vn xon 140 3,37 10
BATT-B3,4,5,7 16 Vn xon 110 2,28 10
- Kim tra iu kin n nh nhit:

qd N
t I . F o >
Trong :
o- h s nhit , vi ng o=7.
t
q
- thi gian qui i, s.
- Ngn mch trong h thng cung cp in - c coi l ngn mch
xa
ngun: I
=I do thi gian qui i ly bng thi gian tn ti ngn

mch.
t
q
= t
nm
= t
bv
+ t
mc
.

47
Ta ly:
+ Thi gian tc ng ca bo v : t
bv
=0,02 s
+ Thi gian tc ng ca my ct :t
mc
=0,1 s
Thi gian quy i t
q
=0,12 s.
- Ta ch cn kim tra cho tuyn cp no c dng ngn mch ln
nht. Tuyn cp BATT-B
6
c dng ngn mch ln nht I
N3
= 4,55KA.
F
min
= . I
N3 max
qd
t = 7 . 4,55 . 12 , 0 =11mm
2
< F =16mm
2

- Cp - c chn v- t cp v c di ngn nn khng cn kim
tra iu kin tn tht in p v dng cho php.
4.5. Chn v kim tra Aptomat .
- Vi trm 2 MBA ta t 2 t aptomat tng, 2 t aptomat nhnh
v 1 t aptomat phn on.
- Vi trm 1MBA ta t 1 t aptomat tng v 1 t aptomat nhnh.
- Mi t aptomat nhnh t 2 aptomat.
- Aptomat - c chn theo dng lm vic lu di:
m . dm dmA
dm
tt
tt max . lv dmA
U U
U * 3
S
I I I
>
= = >

- Vi aptomat tng sau my bin p, d tr c th chn theo
dng nh mc ca MBA.
dm
B . dm
B . dm A . dm
U . 3
S
I I = >
- Aptomat phi - c kim tra kh nng ct ngn mch : I
Ct m
>
I
N

- Dng qua cc aptomat:
- Dng ln nht qua aptomat tng, MBA 1000 kVA
) A ( 1443
4 , 0 . 3
1000
I
max
= =

48
- Dng ln nht qua aptomat tng, MBA 800 kVA
) A ( 73 , 1154
4 , 0 . 3
800
I
max
= =
Bng 4-5
Trm bin p Loi
S
l- ng
U
m

( V )
I
m

(A)
I
Ct
(kA)
I
N4

(kA)
B
1
,B
2

(2x1000 KVA)
CM1600N
C801N
3
4
690
690
1600
800
50
25
22,35
B
6

(1 x 1000KVA)
CM1600N
C801N
1
2
690
690
1600
800
50
25
20,47
B
3
, B
4
, B
5
(2 x 800 KVA)
C801N
NS400N
3
4
690
690
800
400
25
10
17,24
B
7

(1 x 800KVA)
C801N
NS400N
1
2
500
500
800
400
25
10
17,24
4.6. Chn v kim tra thanh dn:
- Thanh dn cp in p 10kv - c chn thanh dn ng cng.
- Chn thanh dn theo iu kin pht nng lu di cho php:
K
1
. K
2
. I
CP
> I
cb
.
- Thanh dn t nm ngang : K
1
=0,95.
- K
2
: h s hiu chnh theo nhit .

0 CP
'
0 CP
2
K
u u
u u
=
Trong :
u
cp
=70
0
c : nhit cho php ln nht khi lm vic bnh thng.
u
0
=25
0
c : nhit mi trng thc t.
K
2
= 0,88

49
- Chn I
cb
theo iu kin qu ti ca my bin p:
) A ( 715
10 . 3 . 88 , 0 . 95 , 0
7500 . 4 , 1
U . 3 . K . K
S . 4 , 1
I
U . 3
S . 4 , 1
I
dm 2 1
B . dm
cp
dm
B . dm
cb
= = >
=

Chn thanh dn ng, tit din trn 40x5, c dng I
cp
=700(A)
- Kim tra iu kin n nh ng: o
cp
> o
tt

- Lc tnh ton do tc dng ca dng in ngn mch :
) KG ( i .
a
l
. 10 . 76 , 1 F
2
XK
8
tt
=
Trong :
l =100cm : khong cch gia cc s .
a =50cm : khong cch gia cc pha.
i
xk
: dng in xung kch ca ngn mch ba pha, A
ta c : i
xk
= 2 .1,8 . I
N2
= 2 .1,8 . 4,6 = 11,71.10
3
A
F
tt
=1,76.10
-8
.
50
100
.(11,71.10
3
)
2
= 4,83 KG.
- M men un : ) cm . KG ( 3 , 48
10
100 . 83 , 4
10
l . F
M
tt
= = =
- ng sut tnh ton : ) / (
2
cm KG
W
M
tt
=
o

a
h
b

50

6
h . b
W
2
= (cm
3
)
Thanh dn c b =0,5cm ; h = 4cm
) cm / KG ( 23 , 36
4 . 5 , 0
3 , 48 . 6
h . b
M . 6
2
2 2 tt
= = = o
ng sut cho php ca thanh dn ng o
cp
=1400kG/cm
2
o
cp
>> o
tt
= 36,23(kG/cm
2
).
- Kim tra n nh nhit :
qd
t I . S
o >
Ta c: o =7; I
= 4,6 (KA); t
q
= 0,12s
o. I
qd
t = 7 . 4,6 . 12 , 0 = 11,15 mm
2
.
S =40 . 5 = 200mm
2
>> 11,15mm
2
.
4.7. Chn v kim tra s :
Chn s t ngoi tri do
Lin X ch to loi OH-10-
500(H-10)
C U
m
=10kv, F
ph
=500 KG.
- Kim tra n nh ng : F
cp
> F
tt
.
Thanh dn t nm ngang nn lc tc ng cho php trn u s
l F
cp
=0,6F
ph
0,6 F
ph
> F
tt
.
) KG ( 05 , 8
6 , 0
83 , 4
6 , 0
F
F
tt
ph
= = > , s chn tho mn.
4.8. Chn bin dng in BI
F
tt

51
- Chn bin dng do SIEMENS ch to loi 4MA72 c thng s
k thut cho bng sau.
K hiu
U
m

kV
U
chu ng

kV
U
chu p
xung

kV
I
1 m

A
I
2.m

A
I
.ng

kA
4MA72 12 28 75 20 - 2500 1 hoc 5 120
4.9. Chn my bin p BU
- Chn my bin in p 3 pha 5 tr do Lin X ch to loi
HTM-10 c cc thng s k thut sau:
Loi
U
m
, V
Cng sut nh mc theo cp
chnh xc VA
S
m

VA
S cp Th cp 0,5 1 3
HTM-10 10000 100 120 120 200 1200

Ch- ng V
thit k mng In ng lc
phn x- ng sa cha c kh.

1. S cung cp mng in phn x- ng

52
1.1. Mt s yu cu i vi mng in phn x- ng.
- S cung cp in cho cc thit b trong phn x- ng ph thuc
vo cng sut thit b, s l- ng v s phn b chng trong mt bng
phn x- ng v nhiu yu t khc.
- S cn m bo cc yu cu sau :
+ m bo tin cy.
+ Thun tin cho lp rp vn hnh
+ C cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut ti - u.
+ Cho php dng cc phng php lp t cng nghip ho
nhanh.
1.2. Cc hnh thc i dy v phm vi s dng ca s .
- Mng in phn x- ng thng dng hai dng s chnh sau :
- S hnh tia:
+ Ni dy r rng.
+ tin cy cao.
+ Cc ph ti t nh h- ng ln nhau.
+ D thc hin phng php bo v v t ng ho.
+ D vn hnh bo qun .
+ Vn u t- ln.
- S - ng dy trc chnh :
+ Vn u t- thp .
+ Lp t nhanh.
+ tin cy khng cao.
+ Dng ngn mch ln.

53
+ Thc hin bo v v t ng ho kh.
- T nhng - u khuyt im trn ta dng s hn hp ca hai
dng s trn cp in cho phn x- ng.
- cp in cho cc ng c my cng c, trong x- ng t mt
t phn phi nhn in t trm bin p v cp in cho 5 t ng lc
t ri rc cnh t- ng phn x- ng v mt t chiu sng. Mi t ng
lc cp in cho mt nhm ph ti.
+ t ti t phn phi ca trm bin p mt aptomat u ngun ,
t y dn in v phn x- ng bng - ng cp ngm.
+ T phn phi ca x- ng t mt aptomat tng u vo v 6
aptomat nhnh u ra cp in cho cc t ng lc v t chiu sng.
+ T ng lc - c cp in bng - ng cp hnh tia, u vo t
cu dao - cu ch, cc nhnh ra t cu ch.
+ Trong mt nhm ph ti, cc ph ti c cng sut ln th - c
cp bng - ng cp hnh tia, cn cc ph ti c cng sut b th c th
gp thnh nhm v - c cung cp bng - ng cp trc chnh.
+ Cc cu ch trong t ng lc ch yu bo v ngn mch ng
thi lm d phng cho bo v qu ti ca khi ng t.
1.3. Xc nh v tr t phn phi v t ng lc cho phn x- ng
- V tr t phn phi v t ng lc - c xc nh theo nguyn
tc chung sau:
- Gn tm ph ti
- Thun tin cho vic lp t vn hnh

54
- Khng nh h- ng n giao thng i li.
- Ph hp vi phng thc lp t v vn hnh.
- Cng thc xc nh v tr ca t .
= =
i
i i
0
i
i i
0
P
y . P
y ;
P
x . P
x
Trong :
+ M (x
0
;y
0
) l v tr t t
+ P
i
: cng sut t ca thit b (cng sut tnh ton ca nhm thit
b).
+ x
i
;y
i
: to ca thit b (hay t ng lc).
a) Xc nh v tr t ng lc:
- T ng lc 1(L1):
35 , 70
4 , 11 . 2 , 3 9 , 2 . 85 , 4 5 , 3 . 5 , 2 3 , 8 . 8 , 2 5 . 5 , 4 8 , 6 . 28 6 . 10 4 . 10
x
1
+ + + + + + +
=
62 , 5
35 , 70
44 , 395
x
1
= =

35 , 70
5 , 2 . 2 , 3 4 . 85 , 4 4 , 0 . 5 , 2 4 , 0 . 8 , 2 ) 5 9 , 2 ( 5 , 4 5 . 8 , 2 ) 5 , 2 5 , 2 ( 10
y
1
+ + + + + + + +
=
83 , 1
35 , 70
07 , 129
y
1
= =
v tr t L1 l M
1
(x
1
;y
1
) = M
1
(5,62; 1,83)


55

Hnh 5.1. Mt s s cp in.
a - S hnh tia. b- S - ng dy trc chnh.
TPP
Ph ti
b)
~ ~
~
TPP
TL
1
~ ~
TL
2
~
TL
3
~ ~
~
TPL
4
a)

~
TPP
c)
~ ~
L
1
~ ~ ~
L
2
~
L
3
~ ~
L
3
~
~

56
c - S hnh tia v lin thng.

57
Cc t ng lc - c chn loi mt mt thao tc do m
bo nguyn tc chung cc t - c p st vo t- ng v tr t L1ti
M
1
(5,0,0).
- Xc nh t- ng t cho cc t ng lc khc ,- c cc v tr
t- ng ng : M
2
(9,9; 7,0); M
3
(14,5; 7,0); M
4
(12,0; 1,0); M
5
(21,0; 2,0)
b. Xc nh v tr trng tm ph ti phn x- ng:
57 , 13
1 , 607
21 . 2 , 139 12 . 9 , 164 5 , 14 . 25 , 162 9 . 4 , 70 5 . 35 , 70
x
0
=
+ + + +
=
41 , 3
1 , 607
0 , 2 . 2 , 139 0 , 1 . 9 , 164 0 , 7 ). 25 , 162 4 , 70 (
y
0
=
+ + +
=
M
0
(13, 57; 3,41), v tr ny nm gia - ng i nn ta dch
chuyn t phn phi n v tr mi M
0
(12; 4,5).
2. Chn thit b cho t phn phi v t ng lc :
2.1. T phn phi :
- T phn phi ca phn x- ng - c lp t 1 aptomat tng v 6
aptomat nhnh, chn loi t c mt mt thao tc do hng SAREL ca
Php ch to.

- Chn aptomat tng : Chn theo dng lm vic lu di
AT
A
6
A
1

58
) A ( 4 , 616
4 . 0 . 3
06 , 427
U . 3
S
I I
dm
ttpx
max . lv AT . dm
= = = >
Chn aptomat tng loi NS630N c I
m
= 630A.
- Aptomat u ngun t ti trm bin p phn x- ng - c chn
nh- aptomat tng loi NS630N.
- Chn aptomat nhnh: ng b ta chn cng mt loi
aptomat cho cc nhnh v ch cn chn cho nhnh c dng lm vic
ln nht.
) A ( 197
4 , 0 . 3
54 , 136
4 . 0 . 3
S
I I
ttn
max . lv A . dm
= = = >
Chn aptomat loi NS250N c I
m
=250A.
- Bng thng s k thut ca cc aptomat
Loi S cc U
m
,V I
m
,A I
ct N
, kA
NS630N 3 690 630 10
NS250N 3 690 250 8

2.2. T ng lc.
Chn t ng lc u vo c t cu dao- cu ch v c 8 u ra,
t c mt mt thao tc do SIEMEN ch to.

CDT
CCT
CC
8
CC
1

59

- iu kin chung cho tt c cc loi cu ch l: I
v0
> I
dc
.
- Chn cu ch cho ph ti khng phi ng c :
I
dc
>I
lv.max

- Chn cu ch cho ph ti ng c :
+ Cu ch nhnh cp in cho 1 ng c, chn theo 2 iu kin:
o
> +
> +
D . dm mm
dc
D . dm dc
I . K
I
I I

+ Cu ch nhnh cp in cho 2 hoc 3 ng c, chn theo 2 iu
kin:
o
+
> +
> +
1 n
1
Di . dm max . mm
dc
Di . dm dc
I I
I
I I

- Cu ch tng (CCT) cp in cho c nhm ng c, chn theo 3
iu kin :
o
+
> +
> +
) I . k I ( I
I
I I
D . dm sd hom n . tt max . mm
dc
hom n . tt dc

+ iu kin chn lc ,I
dc
ca cu ch phi ln hn t nht 2 cp so
vi I
dc
ca cu ch nhnh ln nht.

60

Trong :
+ I
tt.nhm
: dng tnh ton ca nhm ph ti
+ I
dc
: dng chy ca cu ch
+ I
m.
dng nh mc ca ng c
+ K
mm
: h s m my .
+ I
mm.max
: dng m my ln nht
+ K
sd
: h s s dng
+ o : H s tnh ton, ph thuc c im ca mng.
- i vi ng c khng ng b th K
mm
=57
- Cc my cng c coi khi ng khng ti ly o=2,5 , my bin p
hn khi ng c ti ly o=1,6
- Chn cu ch cho t L1 (nhm 1)
- Cu ch bo v my c- a kiu ai 1kW
A 64 , 50
5 . 2
32 , 25 . 5
I
A 53 , 2 I I
dc
dm dc
= >
= >

Chn I
dc
=60A
- Cu ch bo v ba hi rn 28kw
A 8 , 141
5 , 2
9 , 70 . 5
I
A 9 , 70 I I
dc
dm dc
= >
= >

Chn I
dc
=150A
- Cu ch bo v l rn 4,5kw
A 8 , 22
5 , 2
4 , 11 . 5
I
A 4 , 11 I I
dc
dm dc
= >
= >


61
Chn I
dc
=25A
- Cu ch bo v qut l 2,8 kw
A 2 , 14
5 , 2
1 , 7 . 5
I
A 1 , 7 I I
dc
dm dc
= >
= >

Chn I
dc
=20A
- Cu ch bo v qut thng gi 2,5 kw
A 66 , 12
5 , 2
04 . 11 . 5
I
A 33 , 6 I I
dc
dm dc
= >
= >

Chn I
dc
=20A
- Cu ch bo v dm treo Palng in 4,85 kw
A 56 , 24
5 , 2
28 , 12 . 5
I
A 28 , 12 I I
dc
dm dc
= >
= >

Chn I
dc
=30A
- Cu ch bo v my mi sc 3,2 kw
A 2 , 16
5 , 2
1 , 8 . 5
I
A 1 , 8 I I
dc
dm dc
= >
= >

Chn I
dc
=20A
- Cu ch tng ca t L1.
A 66 , 172
5 , 2
) 9 , 70 . 16 , 0 49 , 88 ( 9 , 70 . 5
I
A 49 , 88 I I
dc
hom n . tt dc
=
+
>
= >

m bo tnh chn lc, ta chn I
dc
= 250 (A) (v m bo
tnh chn lc).
- Cc t ng lc khc tnh chn I
dc
cu ch t- ng t , kt qu
- c ghi trong bng 5-3 ( trang sau)

62
3. Chn cp cho mng phn x- ng.
- Cp h p - c chn phi m bo cc nguyn tc chung sau:
+ Pht nng .
+ Tn tht in p
+ Tit din phi ph hp vi cc thit b bo v chng.
3.1. Chn cp t trm bin p n phn x- ng.
- Theo iu kin pht nng:
K
hc
.I
cp
> I
tt.PX
(1)
- Cp - c bo v bng aptomat.
o s
cp hc
kd
I . K
I
(2)
Trong :
+ K
hc
: h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng t cp v s
- ng cp t song song
+ I
k
: dng khi ng ca b phn ct mch in.
+ o = 1,5 : i vi khi ng nhit .
o = 4,5 : i vi khi ng in t .
- Dng I
k
- c chn theo dng khi ng nhit , I
k.nhit
> I
m.aptomat

. an ton thng ly I
k.nhit
=1,25I
m.aptomat
v o =1,5.
Cp - c bo v bng aptomat loi NS630N c I
m
=630A, v i
tng tuyn ring trong hm cp, K
hc
= 1
ta c I
k.nhit
=1,25.630 = 787,5A => ) A ( 525
5 , 1
5 , 787
I
I
kd '
cp
= =
o
=
=> Chn cp ng 4 li cch in PVC do LEN ch to, k hiu
4G300 c I
cp
= 621A.
- Kim tra iu kin 1: I
cp
> I
tt .PX
= 616A.

63
3.2. Chn cp t t phn phi n t ng lc:
- Chn cp t TPP-L1
- Ta cng chn theo iu kin (1) v (2) trn .
Cp - c bo v bng aptomat loi NS250N c I
m
= 250A, v i
ring tng tuyn trong t , K
hc
= 1
an ton ta chn I
k.nh
= 1,25I
m.aptomat
v o = 1,5 .
=> dng khi ng nhit I
k.nh
= 1,25.250 = 312,5A
Ta c : ) A ( 33 , 208
5 , 1
5 , 312
I
I
nh . kd
cp
= =
o
=
Chn cp ng 4 li 4G70 c I
cp
= 254 A.
- Kim tra iu kin : K
hc
.I
cp
> I
tt.nhm

=> A 197 I I
hom n . tt cp
= > . Cp chn tho mn.
- Chn t- ng t cc tuyn khc, kt qu ghi trong bng sau :
B 5-1
Tuyn cp I
tt
,A F
Cp
,mm
2
I
cp
,A
PP-L1 84 70 254
PP-L2 77,65 70 254
PP-L3 194 70 254
PP-L4 197 70 254
PP-L5 153,5 70 254
3.3. Chn cp t t ng lc n tng thit b
- iu kin chn :
o s +
> +
cp hc
dc
dm cp hc
I . K
I
I I . K

Trong :

64
+ Mng ng lc bo v bng cu ch o=3
+ Dng dy chy I
dc
ca cu ch bo v - c chn trn.
+ T c 8 l ra ,ta c K
hc
=0,7
- Chn cp cho nhm ph ti 1 .
- Dy cp t t L1 n ba hi rn 10kw.
Chn cp loi 4G4 l loi cp ng 4 li cch in PVC do LENS
ch to c I
cp
= 53A; I
dc
= 60A.
+ Kim tra iu kin :0,7 . 53 = 37,1 > 25,32 (A)
+ Kt hp vi I
dc
= 60(A) ta c:
o
>
dc '
cp
I
I
) A ( 20
3
60
1 , 37 = >
- Chn cp t t L1 n ba hi rn 2,8kW.
- Chn cp loi 4G25 c I
cp
= 144A ; I
dc
= 150A.
+ Kim tra iu kin : 0,7 . 144 = 100,8 > 70,9 (A)
+ Kt hp vi I
dc
= 150A c: ) A ( 50
3
150
I
'
cp
= >
- Chn cp t t L1 n l rn 4,5kw.
Chn cp 4G1,5 c I
cp
= 31 (A); I
dc
= 25A.
+ Kim tra iu kin: 0,7 . 31 = 21,7 > 11,4 (A)
+ Kt hp vi I
dc
= 25A. C: ) A ( 33 , 8
3
25
I
'
cp
= >
- Chn cp t t L1 n dm treo palng in 4,85kw.
Chn cp 4G1,5 c I
cp
= 31(A); I
dc
= 20A.
+ Kim tra iu kin: 0,7 . 31 = 21,7 > 12,88 (A)

65
+ Kt hp vi I
dc
= 20A. C: ) A ( 66 , 6
3
20
I
'
cp
= >
- Dy t L1 n cc ng c khc u c cng sut b hn 4,85
kw, tt c u chn cp 4G1,5.
Cc nhm khc cng chn t- ng t, kt qu ghi trong bng sau:
Bng 5-2

Tn my
Ph ti Cu ch Dy dn
P
m
, kw I
m
, A M hiu I
dc
, A M
hiu
F
c
, mm
2
I
cp
, A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Nhm 1
Ba hi rn 10x2 25,32x2
HH-2-100
60 4G4 4 53
Ba hi rn 28 70,9
HH-2-250
150 4G25 25 144
L rn 4,5x2 11,4x2
HHH-40
25 4G1,5 1,5 31
Qut l 2,8 7,1
HHH-40
20 4G2,5 2,5 41
Qut thng gi 2,5 6,33
HHH-40
20 4G1,5 1,5 31
Dm treo palng in 4,85 12,28
HH-2-100
30 4G2,5 2,5 41
My mi sc 3,2 8,1
HHH-40
20 4G1,5 1,5 31
Tng 70,35 178,15
HH-2-400
250
Nhm 2
Ba hi rn 28 70,9
HH-2-250
150 4G35 35 174
L rn 6 15,19
HH-2-100
40 4G2,5 2,5 41
My p ma st 10 25,32
HH-2-100
60 4G6 6 66
L in 15 22,79
HH-2-100
40 4G4 4 53
Qut ly tm 7 17,73
HH-2-100
50 4G4 4 53
My bin p 2,2x2 5,57x2
HHH-40
25 4G1,5 1,5 31
Tng 70,4 163,07
HH2-400
250
Nhm 3
L bng chy in 30 75,97
HH-2-250
200 4G50 50 206

66
L in 20 30,38
HH-2-100
40 4G6 6 66
My mi sc 0,25 0,63
HHH-40
20 4G1,5 1,5 31
Thit b cao tn 80 127,9
HH-2-250
250 4G50 50 192
Thit b o bi 23 58,24
HH-2-250
120 4G25 25 144
My c- a ai 4,5 11,40
HHH-40
25 4G1,5 1,5 31
My bo g 4,5 11,40
HHH-40
25 4G1,5 1,5 31
Tng 162,25 390,61
HH-2-600
400

Tn my
Ph ti Cu ch Dy dn
P
m
, kw I
m
, A M hiu I
dc
, A M
hiu
F
c
, mm
2
I
cp
, A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Nhm 4
L in ho cng linh
kin
90 143,93 HH-2-250 200 4G-35 35 174
L in 30 45,58 HH-2-100 80 4G10 10 87
L in rn 36 57,57 HH-2-100 80 4G10 10 87
B du 4 10,13 HHH-40 25 4G1,5 1,5 31
B du c tng nhit 3 7,6 HHH-40 20 4G1,5 1,5 31
My o cng u cn 0,6 1,52 HHH-40 10 4G1,5 1,5 31
Cu trc c palng in 1,3 3,30 HHH-40 20 4G1,5 1,5 31
Tng 164,9 387,19 HH-2-600 400
Nhm 5
L in 20 30,38
HH-2-100
40 4G4 4 53
T,bi ti bnh rng 18 45,58 HH-2-100 100 4G16 16 113
My nn kh 45 113,95 HH-2-250 250 4G70 70 254
My khoan 3,2 8,1 HHH-40 25 4G1,5 1,5 31
My bo g 7 17,73 HH-2-100 40 4G4 4 53

67
My c- a trn 7 17,73 HH-2-100 40 4G4 4 53
Qut gi trung p 9 22,79 HH-2-100 50 4G6 6 66
Qut gi s 9,5 12 30,39 HH-2-100 80 4G10 10 87
Qut s 14 18 45,58 HH-2-100 100 4G16 16 113
Tng 139,2 332,24 HH-2-600 400


68
Ch- ng VI
tnh b cng sut phn khng
cho l- i In X nghip

Phn ln h cng nghip trong qu trnh lm vic tiu th t
mng in c cng sut tc dng P ln cng sut phn khng Q. Cc
ngun tiu th cng sut phn khng l: ng c khng ng b, tiu
th khong 60-65% tng cng sut phn khng ca mng in x
nghip, my bin p tiu th khong 20-25%. - ng dy v cc thit
b khc tiu th khong 10%,... ty thuc vo thit b in m x
nghip c th tiu th mt l- ng cng sut phn khng nhiu hay t.
Truyn ti mt l- ng cng sut phn khng qua dy dn v my
bin p s gy ra tn tht in p, tn tht tn tht in nng ln v
lm gim kh nng truyn ti trn cc phn t ca mng in do
c li v kinh t - k thut trong l- i in cn nng cao h s cng sut
t nhin hoc - a ngun b cng sut phn khng ti gn ni tiu th
tng h s cng sut cosm lm gim l- ng cng sut phn khng
nhn t h thng in .
- Nng cao h s cng sut t nhin bng cch :
+ Thay cc ng c non ti bng cc ng c cng sut nh hn.
+ Gim in p t vo ng c thng xuyn non ti.
+ Hn ch ng c khng ng b chy khng ti.
+ Thay ng c khng ng b bng ng c ng b.

69
- Nu tin hnh cc bin php trn gim l- ng cng sut phn
khng tiu th m h s cng sut ca x nghip vn ch- a t yu cu
th phi dng bin php khc t thit b b cng sut phn khng.

1. Xc nh dung l- ng b
1.1. Tnh h s Cosm
tb
ca ton x nghip.
Cng thc :

m
= m
PXi . tt
PXi PXi . tt
tb
P
cos . P
Cos
Trong :
+ P
tt.Pxi
: cng sut tnh ton ca phn x- ng th i.
Theo Bng 2-4 (chng 2) ta c :
79 , 5872
6 , 0 . 75 , 738 8 , 0 . 75 , 593 8 , 0 . 88 , 883 6 , 0 . 774 9 , 0 . 25 , 1391
Cos
XN . tb
+ + + +
= m
75 , 0
79 , 5872
8 , 0 . 321 9 , 0 . 121 6 , 0 . 25 , 272 6 , 0 . 04 , 312 75 , 0 . 875 , 464
=
+ + + + +

Cosm
tb .XN
=0,75.
H s Cosm ti thiu do nh n- c quy nh l t (0,85 0,9), nh-
vy ta phi b cng sut phn khng cho x nghip nng cao h s
Cosm.
1.2. Tnh dung l- ng b tng ca ton x nghip :
Cng thc tnh :
Q
b
= P
tt.XN
( tgm
1
- tgm
2
)
Trong :

70
+ tgm
1
: t- ng ng vi h s Cosm
1
tr- c khi b.
+ tgm
2
: t- ng ng vi h s Cosm
2
cn b, ta b n Cosm
2
t gi
tr quy nh khng b pht t (0,85 0,95) ta b n Cosm
2
= 0,9.
Cosm
1
= 0,75 tgm
1
=0,882
Cosm
2
= 0,9 tgm
2
=0,484
Q
b
= 5872,79 ( 0,882 - 0,484) = 2337,37 (KVAR)

Q
b
= 2337,37 KVAR
2. Chn v tr t v thit b b.
2.1. V tr t thit b b .
V nguyn tc c li nht v mt gim tn tht in p, tn tht
in nng cho i t- ng dng in l t phn tn cc b t b cho
tng ng c in, tuy nhin nu t phn tn qu s khng c li v
vn u t- , lp t v qun l vn hnh . V vy vic t thit b b tp
trung hay phn tn l tu thuc vo cu trc h thng cp in ca i
t- ng, theo kinh nghim ta t thit b b pha h p ca trm bin
p phn x- ng ti t phn phi. V y ta coi gi tin n v
(/KVAR) thit b b h p ln khng ng k so vi gi tin n v
tn tht in nng qua my bin p.
2.2. Chn thit b b .
b cng sut phn khng cho x nghip c th dng cc thit
b b sau:
- My b ng b :
+ C kh nng iu chnh trn.

71
+ T ng vi gi tr cng sut phn khng pht ra (c th tiu
th cng sut phn khng).
+ Cng sut phn khng khng ph thuc in p t vo, ch
yu ph thuc vo dng kch t
+ Gi thnh cao.
+ Lp rp, vn hnh phc tp.
+ Gy ting n ln.
+ Tiu th mt l- ng cng sut tc dng ln .
- T in :
+ Tn tht cng sut tc dng t
+ Lp t, vn hnh n gin, t b s c
+ Cng sut phn khng pht ra ph thuc vo in p t vo t.
+ C th s dng ni kh ro bt k t b t.
+ Gi thnh r.
+ Cng sut phn khng pht ra theo bc v khng th thay i
- c.
+ Thi gian phc v, bn km.
Theo phn tch trn th thit b T b thng - c dng lp
t nng cao h s cng sut cho cc x nghip.
3. Tnh ton phn phi dung l- ng b
- S nguyn l t thit b b :

35KV
10KV
BATT
Q
b
E

Cp
BAPX
i
0,4KV
P
i
+JQ
i
Q
bi

72

- S thay th .

- Tnh dung l- ng b cho tng mch :
Cng thc: phn phi dung l- ng b cho mt nhnh ca mng hnh
tia.

i
td
b XN i i . b
R
R
). Q Q ( Q Q
E
= ( KVAR )
Trong :
+ Q
i
: cng sut phn khng tiu th ca nhnh i . (KVAR)
+ Q
XN
: cng sut phn khng ton x nghip (KVAR)
+ Q
b
: cng sut phn khng b tng (KVAR)

- in tr t- ng - ng ca ton mng :
|
.
|
\
|
O
+ + + + =
1
R
1
...
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
i . 3 2 1 td

Trong :
+ R
i
= ( R
C.i
+ R
B.i
): in tr t- ng - ng ca nhnh th i . ( O )
+ R
C.i
: in tr cp ca nhnh th i. ( O ).
+ ) (
S
U . P
R
2
dm
2
N
Bi
O
A
= : in tr ca my bin p phn x- ng .
- in tr t- ng - ng ca nhnh BATT- B
1
: (D kp)
) ( 71 , 0
2
3 , 1 11 , 0
2
R R
R
) ( 3 , 1
1000
10 . 10 . 13
R
1 B 1 . C
1
2
2 3
1 B
O =
+
=
+
=
O = =

10KV
R
Ci
R
Bi
0,4KV
Q
b
E

(Q
i
- Q
bi
)

73
- in tr t- ng - ng ca nhnh BATT- B
7
: (D n)
) ( 82 , 1 64 , 1 18 , 0 R R R
) ( 64 , 1
800
10 . 10 . 5 , 10
R
7 B 7 C 7
2
2 3
7 B
O = + = + =
O = =

- in tr cc nhnh khc tnh t- ng t, kt qu ghi trong bng
Bng 5-3
Tn nhnh
R
Ci
, O R
Bi
, O R
i
= R
Ci
+ R
Bi
, O
BATT-B
1
0,11 1,3 0,71
BATT-B
2
0,26 1,3 0,78
BATT-B
3
0,31 1,64 0,96
BATT-B
4
0,19 1,64 0,92
BATT-B
5
0,18 1,64 0,91
BATT-B
6
0,028 1,3 1,33
BATT-B
7
0,18 1,64 1,82
O
+ + + + + +
= ,
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
R
1
1
R
7 6 5
4
3 2 1
td

O =
+ + + + + +
= 139 , 0
82 , 1
1
33 , 1
1
91 , 0
1
92 , 0
1
96 , 0
1
78 , 0
1
71 , 0
1
1
R
td

BAT
T
Q
b
E

R
C1
R
C2 R
C3 R
C4 R
C5
R
C6
R
C7
R
B1
R
B2
R
B3
R
B4
R
B5
R
B6
R
B7
Q
b1
Q
1
Q
b2
Q
2
Q
b3
Q
3
Q
b4
Q
4
Q
b5
Q
5
Q
b6
Q
6
Q
b7
Q
7

74

Hnh 7-1. S thay th mng cao p x nghip dng tnh ton cng
sut b ti thanh ci h p cc trm bin p PX.
- Tnh cng sut b Q
b1
cho nhnh BATT-B
1
.
( ) ) KVAR ( 47 , 97
71 , 0
139 , 0
. 37 , 2337 04 , 5279 37 , 673 Q
1 b
= =
- Tnh t- ng t cng sut b cho cc nhnh khc, kt qu ghi trong
bng sau:

Bng 5-4
Tn nhnh Q
i
, KVAR Q
XN
, KVAR
Q
b
,
KVAR
Q
b.i
,
KVAR
BATT-B
1
673,37 5279,04 2337,37 97,47
BATT-B
2
1029,42 5279,04 2337,37 505,2
BATT-B
3
662,91 5279,04 2337,37 236,98
BATT-B
4
503,87 5279,04 2337,37 59,42
BATT-B
5
649,84 5279,04 2337,37 200,51
BATT-B
6
982,53 5279,04 2337,37 677,39
BATT-B
7
777,1 5279,04 2337,37 551,2
4. Chn kiu loi v dung l- ng t .
- Cn c kt qu tn chn dng cc b t 3 pha do Lin X ch to,
b t - c bo v bng aptomat, trong t c t cc bng n lm in tr
phng in.

75
- Chn loi t KC2 - 0,38 - 50 - 3Y
1
, cng sut mi b l 50KVAR
u song song.
- Bng chn T b t ti cc trm bin p phn x- ng
Bng 5-5.
V tr t Loi t S pha Q
b
, KVAR S l- ng
B
1
KC2-0,38-50 -Y
1
3 50 2
B
2
KC2-0,38-50 -Y
1
3 50 10
B
3
KC2-0,38-50 -Y
1
3 50 5
B
4
KC2-0,38-50 -Y
1
3 50 1
B
5
KC2-0,38-50 -Y
1
3 50 4
B
6
KC2-0,38-50 -Y
1
3 50 13
B
7
KC2-0,38-50 -Y
1
3 50 11


76
- S nguyn l t t b trong trm bin p.

Hnh 7-2
- S lp t t b trong trm t 2 my.

Hnh 7-3
- S lp t t b trong trm t 1 my:

Hnh 7-4
X

X

X

X

X

X

X X X

T
aptoma
t tng
T b
cosm
T b
cosm
T
aptomat
tng
T phn
phi cho
cc phn
x- ng
T
aptomat
phn on
T phn
phi cho
cc phn
x- ng

T
aptomat
tng
T b cosm
T phn
phi cho
cc phn
x- ng

77

Ch- ng VII
Thit k chiu sng cho mng
phn x- ng sa cha c kh

1. Nguyn tc v tiu chun chiu sng.
1.1.Yu cu i vi chiu sng.
Trong cng nghip cng nh- trong cng tc v i sng, nh sng
nhn to rt cn thit, n thay th v b sung cho nh sng thin
nhin. Vic chiu sng nh h- ng tr tip n nng sut lao ng v
sc kho ca ng- i lao ng trong cng tc cng nh- trong sinh hot.
V vy chiu sng phi m bo cc yu cu ti thiu nht nh, cc
yu cu ny - c xem nh- tiu chun cht l- ng nh sng, l nguyn
tc nh ra tiu chun v thit k chiu sng.
- m bo chiu sng v n nh.
+ Nguyn nhn lm nh sng dao ng l s dao ng ca in
p, v vy tiu chun quy nh in p ch - c dao ng vi AU
Cf
=
2,5% U
m
. Trong x nghip nguyn nhn gy ra dao ng l ch lm
vic khng u ca my cng c.
+ Mt nguyn nhn khc lm nh sng dao ng l s rung ng
c hc ca n in cho nn n phi - c gi c nh.
- Quang thng phn b u trn ton mt chiu sng (mt cng
tc).
+ Khng c cc min c chnh lch qu ln v sng, khng
c cc bng ti qu, c bit l cc bng ti di ng. S chnh lch

78
chiu sng lm mt lun phi iu tit thch nghi do chng mi
mt, cc bng ti di ng d gy ra tai nn lao ng.
- Khng c nh sng chi trong vng nhn ca mt, lm mt
chng mi v kh iu tit, nu nh sng chi qu s gy ra hiu ng
Pukin hoc m.
Nguyn nhn ca nh sng chi c th l: ngun sng c dy tc
ln l ra ngoi, c cc vt phn x mnh. Ngun sng chp chy,
hn ch nh sng chi c th dng nh sng gin tip, gc bo v thch
hp, bng n m.
1.2. Tiu chun chiu sng.
Tiu chun chiu sng quy nh chiu sng ti thiu cho cc
ni, cc loi cng tc khc nhau. Tiu chun - c xy dng trn c s
cn nhc v kinh t, k thut nhm bo m va cc yu cu
nu, chiu sng ti thiu - c quy nh cn c vo cc yu cu sau:
- Kch th- c ca vt nhn khi lm vic v khong cch ca n ti
mt, hai yu t ny - c th hin thng qua h s K :
K a / b
a : kch th- c vt nhn
b : khong cch t vt nhn ti mt
Nu K cng nh th chiu sng cng phi ln
- Mc t- ng phn gia vt nhn v nn. Nu t- ng phn
cng nh th cng kh nhn, do nu t- ng phn nh th i hi
chiu sng ln.
- H s phn x ca vt nhn v nn, nu h s phn x ln th
chiu
sng cn nh.

79
- C- ng lm vic ca mt, ph thuc vo c im ring bit
ca tng cng tc. Nu cng tc i hi tp trung th gic th i hi
chiu sng cao.
Ngoi cc yu t trn khi quy nh cc quy nh chiu sng cn
xt n cc yu t ring bit khc nh- s c mt ca cc vt d gy
nguy him trong in cng tc, s c mt ca cc thit b t chiu sng
...
2. H thng chiu sng
C hai h thng chiu sng chung v chiu sng kt hp gia
chiu sng chung v chiu sng b phn.
- Chiu sng chung l h thng chiu sng m ton b mt cng
tc - c chiu sng bng n chung.
+ u im l mt cng tc - c chiu sng u hp vi th gic,
mt khc c th dng cng sut n v ln, hiu sut s dng cao .
+ Nh- c im l lng ph in nng v ch chiu sng - c mt
pha t n ti.
- Chiu sng kt hp l h thng chiu sng trong mt phn
nh sng chiu chung, phn cn li chiu ring cho ni cng tc.
+ u im l chiu sng ni cng tc - c nng cao do chiu
sng b phn, c th iu khin quang thng theo h- ng cn thit v
c th tt cc chiu sng b phn khi khng cn thit do tit kim
in.
3. Cc loi v ch chiu sng
3.1. Cc loi chiu sng

80
C hai loi chiu sng
- Chiu lm vic m bo nh sng cn thit ni lm vic v
trn phm nh my.
- Chiu sng s c m bo l- ng nh sng ti thiu khi mt nh
sng lm vic, h thng chiu sng s c cn thit ko di thi gian
lm vic ca cng nhn vn hnh v m bo an ton cho ng- i rt ra
khi phng sn xut.

3.2 Ch chiu sng
- Chiu sng trc tip, ton b nh sng - c chuyn trc tip n
mt thao tc.
- Chiu sng na trc tip, phn ln nh sng chuyn trc tip vo
mt thao tc, phn cn li chiu sng gin tip.
- Chiu sng na gin tip, phn ln nh sng chiu gin tip vo
mt cng tc, phn cn li chiu trc tip
- Chiu sng gin tip, ton b nh sng - c chiu gin tip vo
mt cng tc. Chiu sng trc tip c hiu qu cao nht, kinh t nht
nhng c chiu sng u n phi treo cao, d sinh nh sng
chi. Cc ch chiu sng cn li hiu sut thp v mt phn nh
sng b hp th nn thng - c dng trong khu vc hnh chnh, sinh
hot, cn i vi phn x- ng sa cha c kh ta dng ch chiu sng
trc tip.
4. Chn h thng v n chiu sng
4.1 Chn h thng chiu sng.

81
Vic chn h thng chiu sng phi m bo cc yu cu chiu
sng v - u im ca h thng chiu sng .
- H thng chiu sng chung: khi yu cu m bo sng ng
u trn mt bng sn xut, khng i hi c- ng th gic cao v lu,
khng thay i h- ng chiu trong qu trnh cng tc.
- H thng chiu sng cc b: khi nhng ni m cc b mt cng
tc khc nhau yu cu chiu sng khc nhau v - c chia thnh
tng nhm cc khu vc khc nhau trn mt cng tc.
- H thng chiu sng kt hp: khi nhng ni th gic cn phi lm
vic chnh xc, ni m cc thit b cn chiu sng mt phng nghing
v khng to ra cc bng ti su.
Vy i vi phn x- ng sa cha c kh i hi chnh xc cao
trong qu trnh lm vic nn ta chn h thng chiu sng kt hp .
4.2. Chn loi n chiu sng.
Th- ng dng hai loi n sau :
+ Bng n si t
+ Bng n hunh quang.
Cc phn x- ng sn xut t dng n tup, thng dng n si
t, v n tup nhy vi tn s f = 50Hz gy ra o gic khng quay i
vi cc ng c khng ng b, nguy him cho ng- i vn hnh my, d
gy tai nn lao ng, ta dng n si t cho phn x- ng sa cha c
kh.
5. Xc nh s l- ng v dung l- ng bng n.
5.1. Cc phng php tnh.

82
- Ph- ng php im: b qua quang thng phn x, thng tnh
ton cho nhng ni: chiu sng ngoi tri, chiu sng li i, nhng ni
c phn x thp nh- hm l, bn cng, - ng i....
- Ph- ng php quang thng: tnh n s phn x nh sng,
thng dng cho trng hp chiu sng trong nh v hi trng....
5.2. Ph- ng php h s s dng quang thng
m
1
- Ch s hnh dng ca phng:
) b a ( H
b . a
1 1 1
1 1
1
+
= m
- K
sdqt
: H s s dng quang thng, tra bng theo cc h s phn
x ca t- ng, nn, trn v loi n, hnh dng....
Mt khc K
seqt
li - c tra bng theo: [PL VIII1: TKCC trang
324]
K
sdqt
= f (p
tr
, p
t
, p
nn
, m, loi n)
[Ph lc VIII.1. : TKCC trang 324]
E
o
o
=
ich . h
qt . sd
K
+ o
h.ch
= E
tb
.S.K
d.tr
: quang thng hu ch
Trong :
E
tb
: ri trung bnh
S : din tch chiu sng
K
d.tr
: h s d tr, tra bng theo tnh cht ca mi trng (bng
B5.2. trang 124: TKC)
+ o
E
cc.n
= o
0
.n : quang thng tng ca cc n.

83
n : s n
o
0
: quang thng ca n
E
min
: ri tiu chun, chon theo loi hnh cng vic (B5.3 trang
135: TKC)
Z :h s tnh ton, tra bng theo t s L/H (Bng 5-1 trang 134:
TKC)
H : cao treo n
L : khong cch gia cc n
E
tb
=
Z
E
min

+ cao treo n H so vi mt thit b lm vic
H = h - h
1
- h
2

h : chiu cao nh x- ng.
h
1
: khong cch t trn n bng n h
1
= 0,5 0,7m

84
h
2
: cao mt bn lm vic h
2
= 0,71m

+
) b a ( H
b . a
+
= m : ch s ca phng.kch th- c a.b
+ m, p
t- ng
, p
trn
, p
nn
: tra bng tm ra h s s dng quang thng
K
sd.qt

Vy ta c :
=
o
=
E
. Z
K . S . E
K
tr . d min
qt . sd

max
ich . huu
E
o
o

qt . sd
tb
qt . sd
tr . d min
K
3 , 1 . S . E
Z . K
K . S . E
= = o
E

+ Chn loi n c cng sut n P
0
, quang thng o
0

S l- ng bng n : n =
0
o
o
E

Cng sut chiu sng tng : P
cs
=n.P
0

6. Tnh ton chiu sng cho ton b phn x- ng SCCK.
- Phn x- ng SCCK - c chia lm hai khu vc.
- Khu vc 1 : (khu vc ny c cu trc)
+ B phn my v my cng c.
+ Cc phng sinh hot, kho v bung thng gi.
h
1

h H
h
2

85
- Khu vc 2 :
+ B phn nhit luyn.
+ B phn mc.
+ B phn qut gi.
+ My nn kh
6.1. Tnh ton xhiu sng cho khu vc 1 :
- Ly h s phn x ca t- ng : p
t- ng
= 60% t- ng ng mu vng.
- Ly h s phn x ca trn : p
trn
= 70% t- ng ng mu
trng.
- Ly h s phn x ca nn : p
nn
= 40% t- ng ng mu nu.
- Ch s hnh dng ca phng (khu vc 1)
( )
1 1 1
1 1
1
b a . H
b . a
+
= m
+ Ly cao mt bn lm vic : h
2
= 1m
+ Khu vc ny c cu trc cao khong 10m, nn ta ly cao treo
n so vi nn l (h - h
1
) = 11m
cao treo n so vi mt thao tc:
H
1
= ( h - h
1
) - h
2
= 10m
+ Kch th- c ca khu vc 1 : S
1
= 24,75 . 17,5m
2

025 , 1
) 5 , 17 75 , 24 ( 10
5 , 17 . 75 , 24
1
=
+
= m
T p
t- ng
, p
trn
, p
nn
v m
1
tra bng PL-VIII [gt:TKCC] - c
K
sd.qt
=0,45

86
- Phng t khi bi, tro, m hng ly K
d.tr
= 1,3
- Loi hnh phn x- ng c kh chnh xc: ly E
min
= 30lx [bng 5.3
- TKC]
- Chn h s tnh ton Z=1,2
Ta c : ) lm ( 31281
45 , 0 . 2 , 1
3 , 1 . 5 , 17 . 75 , 24 . 30
K . Z
K . S . E
qt . sd
tr . d min
1
= = = o
E

- Dng n si t, chiu su tiu chun 20/230V c P
0
= 200W, o
0

= 2528 lm [bng 5.5 - TKC]
Vy ta c:
+ Tng bng n khu vc 1 : n
1
= 12 37 , 12
0
1
= =
o
o
E
bng
+ Tng cng sut chiu sng khu vc 1:
P
cs1
= n
1
. P
0
= 12 . 200 = 2,4 kW
- Trong 3 phng sinh hot, 2 kho v 1 bung thng gi ta t thm
6 bng loi 100W. Vy tng cng sut khu vc 1: P
cs1
= 3 kw
6.2. tnh ton chiu sng cho khu vc 2
- Chn h
2
= 1m ; ( h - h
1
) = 4m H
2
= (h- h
1
) - h
2
=3m
- Khu vc 2 c kch th- c :
S
2
= 30,5 . 17,5m
2
h s phng : m
2
= 3,71
- Tra - c K
sd.qt
= 0,61
- Ta c quang thng tng :
lm 5 , 28437
61 , 0 . 2 , 1
3 , 1 . 30 . 5 , 17 . 5 , 30
2
= = o
E


87
- Chn P
0
= 200W, o
0
= 2528, lm
+ Tng s bngca khu vc 2 : n
2
= 12 bng
+ Tng cng sut chiu sng khu vc 2 : P
cs2
=2,4 kW
- Vy ta c :
- Tng s bng n ton phn x- ng l : n = 30 bng
Trong c (24 bng 200W v 6 bng 100W)
- Tng cng sut chiu sng ton b phn x- ng l :
P
cs
= 24 bng x 200W + 6 bng x 100W = 5,4kW
6.3 Phn b n cho phn x- ng.
- Phn b n u cho cc khu vc.
- Khu vc 1 :
+ B phn rn v my cng c (khu vc c cu trc) gm 12 bng,
b tr 3 dy, mi dy 4 bng, khong cch gia cc bng l t = 7m, cch
t- ng l l = 1,75m.
+ B phn kho, phng sinh hot, bung thng gi b tr mi ngn
mt n gia phng.
- Khu vc 2 :
+ Gm b phn nhit luyn, b phn mc, b phn qut gi, b
phn my nn kh : (lp 12 bng, b tr lm 3 dy, mi dy 4 bng
khong cch gia cc n theo chiu rng ca x- ng L = 7m v theo
chiu di x- ng L = 9m, cch t- ng l l = 1,75m.
6.4. Thit k mng in chiu sng:

88
t ring mt t chiu sng cnh ca ra vo ly in t t PP ca
x- ng. T gm mt ptmt tng 3 pha v 7 p tmt nhnh 1 pha, 6
p t mt mi p tmt cp in cho 4 bng n loi 200W v 1 p
tmt cp in cho 6 bng n loi 100W. S nguyn l v s cp
in nh- hnh H.

a. Chn cp t t PP ti t chiu sng (CS)
) A ( 2 , 8
38 , 0 . 3
4 , 5
U . 3
P
I
dm
cs
cs
= = =
Chn cp ng, 4 li, v PVC, do CLIPSAL sn xut; tit din
6mm
2
c I
cp
=45A PVC (3.6+1,4)
b. Chn p tmt tng: 50A, 3 pha ca i loan, TO-50EC-50A.
c. Chn p tmt nhnh:
Cc p tmt nhnh chn ging nhau, mi p tmt cp in cho
4 bng loi 200W v mt p tmt cp in cho 6 bng loi 100W.
Dng qua p tmt (1 pha).
A 64 , 3
22 , 0
2 , 0 . 4
I
n
= =
Chn 7 p tmt 1 pha, I
m
= 10A do i Loan ch to.
10 QCE - 10A
d. Chn dy dn t p tmt nhnh n cm 4 v 6 n.
Chn dy ng bc, tit din 2,5mm
2
M (2. 2,5) c I
cp
= 27A.
e. Kim tra iu kin chn dy kt hp vi p tmt.
- Kim tra cp PVC (3.6+1.4) h s hiu chnh k =1.

89
A 6 , 41
5 , 1
50 . 25 , 1
5 , 1
I
A 45
kdn
= = >
- Kim tra dy 2,5mm
2

A 33 , 8
5 , 1
10 . 25 , 1
A 27 = >

g. Kim tra lch in p:
V - ng dy ngn, cc dy u - c chn v- t cp khng cn
kim tra st p.

50A
T PP
T CS
L
1
L
2
L
3
L
4
PVC (3.6 + 1,4)

TO - 50EC - 50A

10QCE - 10A


90

Ch- ng VIII
thit k ni t cho
trm bin p phn x- ng

1. Khi nim v ni t.
- Dng in i qua c th ng- i ngy nn nhng tc hi nguy
him: gy bng, git, trng hp nng s lm cht ng- i, do tc
dng ca ni t l tn dng in v gi mc in th thp trn cc
thit b - c ni t. H thng ni t c hai chc nng : ni t lm
vic v ni t an ton.
- Ng- i b tai nn v in l do chm phi nhng phn t mang
in, song cng c th chm phi nhng b phn ca thit b in bnh
thng khng mang in nhng li c in p khi cch in b hng.
Trong trng hp ny, m bo an ton c th thc hin bng cch
ni t tt c nhng b phn bnh thng khng mang in nhng khi
cch in b hng c th c in p.

91
- Khi c ni t, qua ch cch in b chc thng v thit b ni
t s c dng in ngn mch mt pha vi t v in p i vi u
ca v thit b bng :
U
= I
.R
.
Trong :
+ I
: dng in mt pha chm t.

+ R

: in tr ni t ca cc trang b ni t.
Tr- ng hp ng- i chm phi v thit b c in p, dng in qua
ng- i xc nh theo biu thc : I
ng
. R
ng
=I
. R

V R

<< R
ng
nn I
ng
<< I
, v vy I
= I
, khi
tn nd nt
R
1
R
1
R
1
= , t
nhn thy khi thc hin ni t vi in tr ni t nh c th
m bo cho dng I
n
qua ng- i khng nguy him n tnh mng .
- Trang b ni t bao gm in cc ni t v cc - ng dy dn
ni t, in cc ni t t trc tip trong t, cc dy ni t dng
ni cc b phn - c ni t vi in cc ni t.
- Khi c trang b ni t, dng in ngn mch xut hin do cch
in thit b hng s qua v thit b theo dy dn ni t xung in
cc v chy tn vo trong t.
- C hai loi ni t sau :
+ Ni t t nhin : l cc ng kim loi t trong t, cc kt cu
bng kim loi ca cc cng trnh c ni vi t, khi xy dng trang b
ni t tr- c ht cn phi s dng cc vt ni t t nhin c sn, in
tr ni t t nhin - c xc nh bng o l- ng, nu in tr ni t
t nhin khng t - c tr s quy nh trong quy phm th ta mi
thc hin ni t nhn to.

92
+ Ni t nhn to: thc hin bng cc thp, ng thp, thanh thp
ch nht hay thp gc di 23m chn xung t.
Th- ng cc in cc ni t ny - c ng su xung t sao cho
u trn ca chng cch mt t khong 0,50,8m, nh vy gim - c
s thay i in tr ni t theo thi tit. Cc in cc - c ni vi
nhau bng cch hn vi thp nm ngang t su 0,50,8m.
chng n mn cc ng thp trong t phi c b dy khng nh hn
3,5mm, cc thanh thp dt, gc khng - c nh hn 4mm, v dy ni
t cn c tit din tho mn bn c kh n nh nhit v chu - c
dng lm vic lu di .
- in tr ni t ch yu xc nh bi in tr sut ca t, hnh
dng kch th- c in cc v chn su trong t. Ni t thng bao
gm mt s in cc ni song song vi nhau v t cch nhau mt
khong t- ng i nh, v vy khi c dng ngn mch chm t th tch
t tn dng in t mi cc gim i do lm tng in tr ni t,
h s s dng in cc ni t s gim xung khi tng s in cc v
gim khong cch gia chng, ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo hnh dng
ni t.
- in tr sut ca t ph thuc vo thnh phn, mt , m
v nhit ca t v ch c th xc nh bng o l- ng. in tr sut
khng phi c nh trong c nm m thay i do s thay i m v
nhit ca t do in tr ca trang b ni t cng thay i, v
vy trong tnh ton ni t phi dng in tr sut tnh ton l tr s
ln nht trong c nm
p
tt
=k
max
.p; k
max
l h s tng cao, ph thuc iu kin kh hu ni s
xy dng trang b ni t.
2. Xc nh in tr ni t nhn to.

93
Cng thc tnh :
tn nd nt
R
1
R
1
R
1
=
Trong :
+ R
nt
: in tr ni t nhn to.
+ R
n
: in tr ni t cho php ca h thng.
+ R
tn
: in tr ni t t nhin.
- i vi l- i h p c trung im ni t trc tip, theo quy phm
ca trang b in th R
n
s 4O.
- Do khng bit r cc h thng ni t ca cc cng trnh khc
nn coi Rtn ~ 0.
Vy ta c : R
nt
=R
n
=4O.
3. Xc nh in tr tn ca mt in cc chn su.
3.1. Xc nh in tr sut tnh ton.
Trang b in s - c xy dng ti ni t thuc loi t v- n c
in tr sut p =50Om [Bng 8-1 sch tra cu cung cp in]
- H s nng cao K cho in cc nm ngang khi chn su 0,8m l
K=1,6 in tr sut tnh ton ca thanh nm ngang p
tt.ng
=1,6.50
=80Om.
- H s nng cao K cho in cc thng ng di 23m chn su
cch mt t khong 0,50,8m l K=1,4
=> in tr sut tnh ton ca cc thng ng p
tt.
=1,4.50 =70Om.
3.2. Cch thc chn su v loi in cc.
- in cc - c chn thn ng, u trn cch mt t khong
h =0,7m, c chiu di l = 2,5m, cc in cc cch nhau khong a =5m

94
v - c ni vi nhau bng cc thanh in cc ngang chn su khong
h =0,8m.
- Chn in cc thng ng bng thp gc c kch th- c 70.70mm.
- Chn in cc ngang bng thanh dt c kch th- c 40.4mm

3.3. Tnh in tr ca mt in cc thng ng.
Cng thc tnh cho in cc trn: [sch tra cu cung cp in ]
|
.
|
\
|
+
+
H
p
=
l t 4
l t 4
ln
2
1
d
l 2
ln
l . 2
R
d . tt
dc

Trong :
+ l : chiu di in cc, m
+ d : - ng knh in cc trn, m
+ t : chn su, m
- tnh cho in cc l thp gc phi quy i v in cc trn
theo
cng thc d = 0,95.b; b = 0,07 m: b rng ca in cc vung
=> d = 0,95.0,07 = 0,0665m
- chn su : t = 0,7 + l/2 = 1,95 m.
Ta tnh - c :

t h =0,7 m

l =2,5 m


95
O = |
.
|
\
|
+
+ = 74 , 18
5 , 2 95 , 1 . 4
5 , 2 95 , 1 . 4
ln
2
1
0665 , 0
5 , 2 . 2
ln
5 , 2 . 14 , 3 . 2
70
R
dc

4. Xc nh s b s in cc thng ng.
nt d . sd
dc
R . K
R
n =
- K
sd.
: h s s dng in cc thng ng, khng xt n nh
h- ng ca thanh ni ngang; in cc t thnh vng,
l
a
=1 chn s
b K
sd.
=0,58.
cc 10 97 , 9
4 . 58 , 0
74 , 20
n ~ = =
5. Xc nh in tr tn ca in cc nm ngang.
Cng thc tnh :
t . b
L . 2
ln
L . 2 . K
R
2
ng . sd
g . tt
ng
H
p
=
Trong :
+ L =10.2,5 =25m : tng chiu di ca in cc ngang.
+ b =40mm = 0,04m :chiu rng ca thanh dt.
+ t =0,8m : chn su.
+ K
sd.g
=0,34 : h s s dng thanh ni ngang trong vng in cc
thng ng khi chng bng 10.
Thay vo cng thc trn tnh - c :
O = = 85 , 15
8 , 0 . 04 , 0
25 . 2
ln
25 . 14 , 3 . 2 . 34 , 0
80
R
2
ng

6. Tnh chnh xc in tr ca in cc thng ng.

96
Cng thc tnh :
O =
= 35 , 5
4 85 , 15
4 . 85 , 15
R R
R . R
R
nt ng
nt ng
d

Tnh chnh xc s in cc thng ng c xt n nh h- ng ca
in cc ngang, h s s dng thanh ng K
sd.
=0,58. (Bng 8-5, sch
tra cu cung cp in )
6 n 04 , 6
35 , 5 . 58 , 0
74 , 18
R . K
R
n
d d . sd
dc
= = = =
Vy ta ly n =6 in cc thng ng.
- Mt bng b tr cc in cc :

TBA
1 1
2
0
,
7
m

0
,
8
m

2
,
5
m

1. Cc
2. Thanh ni
a > 2,5m

97
Phn II
Chuyn : thit k trm bin p
Ch- ng I
Thit k trm bin p phn x- ng
phn x- ng sa cha c kh

1. Loi hnh xy dng trm:
- Trm bin p phn x- ng (BAPX) 10/0,4kV - c thit k
cung cp in cho phn x- ng sa cha c kh (PXSCCK) vi tng
cng sut tnh ton l S
tt
= 446,7(KVA) l ph ti loi 3, khi s c cho
php mt in, do ta ch thit k t trm 1 my bin p,
- V tr t trm trong khu vc x nghip cng nghip c nhiu
khi bi v ha cht nn trm - c xy dng theo kiu trm kn.
- Trm - c xy dng c kch th- c 3000x7200mm gm c 4 gian
ring bit :
+ Mt gian t t cao p .
+ Mt gian t my bin p (MBA)
+ Mt gian t t h p.
- Trm - c xy h du s c d- i b my bin p, t ca thng
gi cho cc phng c che l- i mt co, ca ra vo c kho chc chn.
2. Tnh chn cc phn t c bn ca trm :
2.1. Chn my bin p
- Phn x- ng SCCK c cng sut tnh ton S
tt
= 446,7 (KVA).

98
- Chn my bin p do hng lin doanh ABB ch tp c dung
l- ng 400 KVA khng phi hiu chnh theo nhit .
- Bng thng s k thut ca MBA:
S
m
, kVA U
m
, kV
AP
0
,W AP
N
,W
U
N%

400 10 840 5750 4,5
- Kim tra vi ph ti:
V tt c cc ph ti di hn ca phn x- ng sa cha c kh ch
chim khong 85% tng cng sut tnh ton, do :
S
mB
= 400 KVA > 0,85 . 446,7 = 379,7 (KVA)
Vy MBA chn tho mn.
2.2. Chn thit b pha cao p :
a. Chn thanh dn :
- Chn theo iu kin pht nng lu di .
K
hc
. I
cp
> I
cb

Nhit mi trng xung quanh +25
0
C : K
hc
= 0,88
Dng lm vic c- ng bc I
cb
chn theo iu kin qu ti s c ca
my bin p:
) A ( 33 , 32
10 . 3
400 . 4 , 1
U . 3
S . 4 , 1
I
dm
B . dm
cb
= = =
) A ( 74 , 36
88 , 0
33 , 32
K
I
I I I . k
hc
cb
cp cb cp hc
= = = >
Chn thanh dn ng, tit din trn o8 c I
cp
=235A
- Kim tra n nh ng : o
cp
> o
tt
.

99
Lc tc dng gia cc pha do dng ngn mch:
F
tt
= 1,76.10
-8
.
2
XK
i .
a
l
(KG)
+ Khong cch gia cc s, l =100cm.
+ Khong cch gia cc pha, a = 30cm
- Dng xung kch, ) KA ( 58 , 11 55 , 4 . 2 . 8 , 1 I . 2 . 8 , 1 i
' '
3 N xk
= = =

) kG ( 87 , 7 10 . 58 , 11 .
30
100
. 10 . 76 , 1 F
6 2 8
tt
= =

- ng sut tnh ton ca vt liu thanh dn : |
.
|
\
|
= o
2
tt
cm
) kG (
W
M

- M men chng un ca thanh dn trn : W = 0,1.D
3

) cm / kG ( 64 , 3
D . 1 , 0 . 10
l . F
2
3
tt
tt
= = o
Ta c ng sut cho php ca ng
o
cp.cu
=1400 kG/cm
2
> o
tt
=3,64 kG/cm
2
.
- Kim tra n nh nhit : S > S
min
=o . I
.
qd
t
- H s nhit ca ng : o =7
- Dng ngn mch duy tr : I
=I
N3
= 4,55 kA
- Thi gian ngn mch quy i : t
q
= t
nm
=0,125.
l
a

100
S
min
= 7 . 4,55 . 3,17. 12 , 0 = 11,03mm
2

Ta c tit din thanh dn S = H.R
2
= 3,14 . 3
2
=28,3mm
2
.
S = 28,3 > S
min
= 11,03 mm
2
Thanh dn chn - c tho mn.
b. Chn s .
- Chn s t trong nh do Lin X ch to loi 0o -10 - 375 c
:
+ U
m
= 10kV
+ U
p.kh
= 47kV
+ F
ph
= 375 kG
Lc tc ng cho php trn u s F
cp
= 0,6.F
ph

S chn phi tho mn iu kin F
cp
> F
tt

F
ph
> KG 1 , 13
6 , 0
87 , 7
6 , 0
F
tt
= = s chn tho mn.
c. Chn t cao p.
Chn t cao p 10kV trn b c cu dao - cu ch, cch in bng
SF6, t c th m rng v khng phi bo tr, loi 8DH10.
Bng thng s k thut ca t.
Loi
Cch
in
U
m

kV
I
m

A
I
N

kA 1s
I
Nmax

kA
TB ng
ct
8DH10 SF6 12 200 25 63
Cu dao
Cu ch
- Chn dy chy cho cu ch :
I
dc
> I
cb
= 32,33 (A)

101
Chn I
dc
= 80 A
2.3. Chn thit b h p.
a. Chn thanh dn .
- Chn theo iu kin pht nng:
K
1
. K
2
. I
cp
> I
cb

+ Thanh dn t nm ngang : K
1
= 0,95
+ Nhit mi trng xung quanh +25
0
C : K
2
= 0,88
Chn thanh dn ng 60 x 6 c I
cp
= 1125 (A)
0,95 . 0,88 . 1125 = 940,5 > 32,33 (A)
- Kim tra n nh ng . o
cp
> o
tt
.
- Lc tc dng gia cc pha do dng ngn mch:
F
tt
= 1,76.10
-8
.
2
XK
i .
a
l
(KG)
+ Khong cch gia cc s, l =60cm.
+ Khong cch gia cc pha, a = 15cm
+ Dng in xung kch: ) kA ( 48 , 29 58 , 11 . 2 . 8 , 1 I . 2 . 8 , 1 i
' '
4 N xk
= = =
) KG ( 18 , 61 10 . 48 , 29 .
15
60
. 10 . 76 , 1 F
6 2 8
tt
= =

- ng sut tnh ton vt liu thanh dn:
W
M
tt
= o
- Mmen chng un ca thanh nm ngang :
) cm ( 6 , 3 6 . 6 , 0 .
6
1
b . h
6
1
W
3 2 2
= = =

102
) cm / kG ( 97 , 101
6 , 103
60 . 18 , 61
W . 10
l . F
2
tt
tt
= = = o
- Thanh dn ng c: o
cp.cu
=1400kG/cm
2
> o
tt
= 101,97 (KG/cm
2
)
- Thanh dn c dng nh mc I
m
> 1000A, khng cn kim tra
n nh nhit.
Vy thanh dn chn tho mn.
b. Chn s .
- Chn s loi 0H- 1 - 375 do Lin X ch to c :
+ U
m
= 1000V
+ U
p.kh
= 11kV
+ F
ph
= 375kG
c. Chn Aptomat .
- Chn Aptomat tng loi NS600E
Aptomat nhnh loi NS400E
- Bng thng s k thut .
Loi U
m
,V I
m
, A I
c,N
, kA
NS600E 500 600 15
NS400E 500 400 15
- Kim tra li iu kin ct dng ngn mch: I
ct.m.A
> I
N
.
Dng ngn mch trn thanh ci 0,4kV bng I
N
= 11,08 kA
I
CN
=15kA > I
N4
= 11,08 (kVA)
Vy Aptomat chn tho mn
d. Chn cp h p tng.
- Chn theo iu kin pht nng.

103
K
hc
. I
cp
> I
tt

+ Nhit mi trng t cp +25
0
C, s tuyn cp t trong hm
cp bng 1 K
hc
= 1
+ Dng ph ti tnh ton ca cp :
A 35 , 557
4 , 0 . 3
400
I
tt
= =
Ta chn cp ng 3 li cch in PVC do LENS ch to c
F=300mm
2
, I
cp
= 565 (A) v chn dy trung tnh c tit din 120mm
2
.
- Bng thng s k thut ca cp.
F, mm
2

D, mm
M
kg/km
R
0
, O/km
20
0
C
I
cp
, A
Trong nh li
v
min ma
x
3G300 20,1 56 66 10725 0,0601 565
Cp - c bo v bng Aptomat tng NS600E c I
m.A
= 600A
Ta c iu kin kt hp vi thit b bo v:
5 , 1
I
I
'
cp
nh . kd
s
I
k.nh
: dng khi ng ca b phn ct mch bng nhit.
I
k.nh
> I
m.A
: an ton ly I
k.nh
= 1,25 I
m
.
I
k.nh
= 1,25 . 600 = 750 (A)
5 , 1 33 , 1
565
750
I
I
'
cp
nh . kd
< = =
Vy cp chn tho mn.
e. Chn thit b o m.

104
- Cc ng h o, m - c chn theo cp chnh xc.
Tn
K
hiu
Loi
Cp
chnh
xc
Cng sut tiu th,
VA
Cun p
Cun
dng
Ampamet A
- - 379
1,5 0,5
Volmet V
- - 379
1,5 2
Owatmet tc dng Wh N 672M 2 1,5W 2,5
Owatmet phn
khng
Varh N 673M 2 3W 2,5

f. Chn my bin dng.
- Chn theo cc iu kin :
- in p nh mc : U
m.BI
> 0,4kV
- Dng s cp nh mc : I
m.BI
> ) A ( 58 , 673
4 , 0 . 3 . 2 , 1
400 . 4 , 1
2 , 1
I
cb
= =
Chn my bin dng loi TKM - 0,5 c I
m.BI
=800A/5A
Bng thng s k thut
Loi
U
m

kV
I
m

A
Cp
chnh
xc
S
m2

VA
Ph ti
th cp
S cun
dy th
cp
0,5 0,5
TKM-0,5 500 800 0,5 10 0,4 1

- Cc ng h v bin dng in cng t trong mt t h p nn
khong cch dy ni rt ngn v in tr ca cc ng khng ng k
do ph ti tnh ton ca mch th cp ca my bin dng nh

105
h- ng khng nhiu n s s lm vic bnh thng trong cp chnh xc
yu cu v vy khng cn kim tra iu kin ph ti th cp.

106
Ch- ng II
Thit k kt cu lp t
trm bin p v t h p

1. Mt s quy phm cho thit k
- My bin p t trong nh phi - c b tr nhng s pha cao
p quay vo pha t- ng i din li ra vo hoc quay vo pha t- ng
bn cnh.
- Trong bung t my bin p, khong cch t v my n t- ng
v ca ra vo khng - c nh hn nhng tr s quy nh sau vi my
c cng sut b hn 100kVA.
+ n t- ng : 0,6m
+ n ca ra vo : 0,8m
- Phng t my bin p phi c thng gi t nhin, nhit gi
vo v gi ra khi bung my bin p khng - c chnh qu 15
0
C khi
my vn hnh ti nh mc
- Bung t my bin p du phi c h x du s c.
- Cc t cao p v t h p phi c cao thch hp thun tin
cho vic ng ct d dng.
- B phn ng h o, m phi m bo - c yu cu chng tn
tht
- V my bin p v cc t cao, h p phi - c ni t theo ng
quy
trnh Ni t cc thit b in

107
- Ti ni t my bin p c du phi c nhng trang b phng
cha chy.

2. S ni dy in chnh ca trm :

A

Wh

Varh
A A
V

CM
400A
600A
Cp PVC 3 x 16
T cao p trn b
Cu dao 12KV - 200A
Cu ch 12 KV - 80A
Cp PVC 3 x 16
Thanh ng o8
MBA 3 pha 2 cun dy 400 KVA
10/0,4, Y/Y
0
-12
Dy ng nhiu si M95
Cp PVC (3 x 300 + 120)
BI m: 800/5
T h p
Ampemt
o: 800/5
Vn mt, cng tc chuyn mch
ptmt tng 600A
Thanh ng ch nht 60x6mm
ptmt nhnh 400A
Cp xut tuyn

108
3. Cc gii php k thut chnh
3.1. Phn in
a. Pha cao p :
t 1 t cu dao - cu ch trn b, cu chy bo v my bin p..
- in p nh mc : 12kV
- Dng in nh mc v ca cu chy: 200A
- Dng in nh mc ca cu dao : 200A
- Dng dy chy ca cu chy : 80A.
b. My bin p :
My ca lin doanh ch to my bin th ABB
- Dung l- ng : 400kVA.
- in p : 10 / 0,4 kV
- S t ni dy : Y / Y
0
- 12.
c. Pha h p :
t 1 t h p tng:
- T h p tng bao gm :
- 1 Aptomat tng NS600E c dng nh mc 600A, do hng
Merlin Gerin ca Php ch to v - c chnh nh.
- 6 my bin dng in : 800 / 5A (3 dng cho mch o, 3 dng cho
mch m) do Lin X ch to .
- 3 ng h ampemet loi - - 379 : thang o 0 600A .
- 1 ng h Volmet loi - - 379: thang o 0 500V, c km theo
thit b chuyn mch (mch o volmet c lp cu ch bo v s c do

109
chuyn
mch).
- 1 cng t hu cng 3 pha loi N - 672M, in p 380 / 220V
- 1 cng t v cng 3 pha loi N - 673M, in p 380 / 220V
- 2 aptomat nhnh loi NS400E, c dng in nh mc 400A.
Ton b phn thit b o m - c t gn trong phn trn ca t
v phn chng tn tht phi - c thc hin theo h- ng dn ca Cng
ty in lc.
d. Cc tuyn cp :
- T t cao p n my bin p dng cp ng 3 li, cch in
XLPE, ai thp, v PVC, vn xon c tit din 16mm
2
do hng
FURUKAWA ch to.
- T my bin p n t h p dng cp ng PVC (3x300 +
1x120).
Cc tuyn cp - c t trong rnh cp.
3.2 . Chiu sng.
- Ti cc bung ca trm bin p u - c t n chiu sng, dng
n si t 220V- 100W i cng 1 cng tc, 2 cu ch loi 220V-5A v 1
cm.
- Chiu cao t n l 3m, n - c t trn ca ra vo thun
tin cho vic qun l vn hnh v i li, bng in - c t cao
1,3m ngay ca ra vo.
- Dy dn chiu sng dng loi dy ng nhiu si bc VPC c tit
din 2 x 0,75mm
2
v - c t trong ng ghen bt c nh vo t- ng.

110
3.3 . H thng tip a .
H thng ni t an ton v ni t lm vic ca trm bin p
- c thit k chung theo kiu hn hp cc tia, in tr ni t chung
m bo
R
s 4O mi ma trong nm.
- H thng cc tip a gm 6 cc bng thp gc L70x70x6 di
2,5m - c chn su cch mt t 0,8m.
- Lin kt gia cc cc tip a bng thanh thp dt 40x4, gia cc
cc v thanh dt - c lin kt bng hn in.
- Trong cc gian trm c t - ng trc tip a bng thp dt
40x4 c nh trn t- ng cao h = 0,3m so vi nn trm.
- Tt c cc gi thit b v cc b phn kim loi : v my bin
p, v t phi - c ni vo - ng trc tip a trong trm bng cc
- ng nhnh thp dt 25x4.
- Trung tnh my bin p - c ni vo h thng ni t chung ca
trm bng dy ng mm M95.
4. Phng chy cho trm bin p.
- Mi gian my bin p c t 1 bnh cha chy bng bt cch
in.
- Tr- c ca trm bin p t tiu lnh cha chy v bin bo nguy
him
5. Phn xy dng .
- Trm - c thit k 3 gian : 1 gian t t cao p, 1 gian t MBA
v 1 gian t t h p. Mt nh chnh c 2 ca ra vo ring bit.

111
+ Gian t t cao p c kch th- c: 2,2 x 3m
+ Gian t MBA c kch th- c : 3,8 x 3 m
+ Gian t t h p c kch th- c : 1,2 x 3 m
- T- ng nh - c xy bng gch c v - c qut vi.
- Ca chp - c ghp t cc tm chp b tng, ca chp pha d- i
c lp tm l- i pha trong cn ca chp pha trn - c lp tm l- i
pha ngoi.
- Ca chnh - c ch to bng thp hnh v - c qut sn

6. Kt cu lp t thit b cho t h p tng .
6.1. S mt si ca t.

6.2. Kt cu lp t thit b:

A A A
AT V
600A

A
1
A
2

wh var
h
Hnh 2-1
A A A V

Wh

Varh
BI
AT

112

- Cc thanh ci - c t su vo pha trong v c tm cch in
ba k lt t pha ngoi m ba an ton khi vn hnh.
7. Kt cu trm v b tr thit b trong trm:

Hnh 2-3


113

Hnh 2-4
Trm kn (trm xy) mt MBA dng t cao p.
1. Bin p 2. u cao p 3. Cp h p
4. Thanh dn cao p 5. Ca thng gi 6. Rnh cp
7. T h p 8. T cao p 9. Ro chn

2
,
5
m

0
,
7
m

0
,
8
m

3
m

4
,
5
m

0,75m
0,9m
7,2m
9m
2 4 3
4,5m
2
3
1
Hnh 2.5. H thng ni t ca trm

114

1. - ng trc tip a 40 x 4.
2. Cc tip a L70 x 70 x 6
3. Thanh ni cc tip a 40 x 4
4. Tip a - ng nhnh 25 x 4
Bng in
Bng in.

Bng tng hp d ton
A. Thit b:

1. Tin thit b 60.000.000

2. L- u thng ph 1% (1) 600.000

Cng A 60.000.000

B. Lp t:

I. Chi ph trc tip:
a. Chi ph vt liu
1. Tin vt liu 45.945.960

2. L- u thng ph 4% (a
1
) 1.837.838

Cng a 47.783.798

b. Chi ph nhn cng
1. Tin l- ng
78,71 cng x 10,034 x 1213,5 958.393

c. Chi ph my 800.000

d. Chi ph xy dng v trm 10.000.000

e. Chi ph chung 67,7% (b
1
) 648.832


115
Cng I (a + b + c + d + e) 60.191.023

II. Li nh mc: 9% (I) 4.517.192

III. Th nghim: 1.985.000

Cng B (I + II + III) 56.693.215

C. Chi ph khc:

1. Chi ph thit k: 400 KVA .20.000
/KVA 8.000.000

2. chi ph kho st: 30% (C
1
) 2.400.000

3. Chi ph ban qun l: 1% (B) 556.932

4. Nghim thu bn giao: 0,5% (B) 283.466

Cng C 11.240.398

D. Chi ph d phng: 5% (A + B + C)
6.426.680

Tng gi tr thnh tin (A + B+ C+ D) 144.960,293

(Mt trm bn bn triu, chn trm su m- i ngn hai trm chn ba ng)

Bng d ton kinh ph phn thit b nguyn vt liu

T
T
Thit b - vt liu Quy cch
n v
S
l- ng
Thnh tin,
n v Ton b
1 2 3 4 5 6
Thit b
1 MBA 3pha 2cun dy 400kVA-1-/0,4 Ci 1 60.000.000 60.000.000
Nguyn vt liu
2 T cao p chn b 12kV - 200A Ci 1 20.000.000 20.000.000
3 Cp cao p XLPE 10kV- 3x16 m 10 150.000 1.500.000
4 u cp cao p 12kV B 1 3.300.000 3.300.000
5 S cao p Hong Lin Sn Qu

3 52.000 156.000
6 Gi hp u cp B 1 85.000 85.000
7 Thanh dn ng cao
p
o6 m 6 30.000 180.000
8 Cp tng h p PVC(3x300+1x1
20)
m 7 300.000 2.100.000
9 Ghp cp h p Ci 4 5.000 20.000
10 V t h p 600.400.1400 Ci 1 1.000.000 1.000.000
11 Aptomat tng 600A Ci 1 5.500.000 5.500.000

116
12 Aptomat nhnh 400A Ci 2 3.200.000 6.400.000
13 Bin dng in 800 / 5A Ci 6 60.000 360.000
14 Ampemet 0 600A Ci 3 60.000 180.000
15 Volmet 0 500V Ci 1 70.000 70.000
16 Cng t hu cng N - 672M Ci 1 140.000 140.000
17 Cng t v cng N - 673M Ci 1 140.000 140.000
18 Chuyn mch i Loan Ci 1 80.000 80.000
19 Thanh ci h p ng, 60x6 m 4 50.000 200.000
20 Dy ng nhiu si M95 m 6 36.000 216.000
21 - ng trc tip a Thp dt, 40x4 m 25 5.197 129.925
22 - ng nhnh tip a Thp dt, 25x4 m 10 3.258 32.580
23 Cc tip a L70x70x6,di
2,5m
Cc 6 100.000 600.000
24 Thanh ni tip a Thp dt, 40x4 m 25 5.197 129.925
25 Tm Baklit Tm 1 150.000 150.000
26 Dy ng bc PVC 2x2.5mm
2
m 60 1.200 72.000
27 ng ghen nha vung m 28 2000 56.000
28 Tc k nha c vt F4x40 B 60 250 15.000
29 Bng chiu sng Ci 3 3.500 10.500
30 Cu ch s 220V- 5A Ci 6 10.000 60.000
31 Cng tc 220V - 5A Ci 3 5.000 15.000
32 Bng n si t 220V - 100W bng 3 3.500 10.500
33 ly in 220V - 5A Ci 3 2.500 7.500
34 Bin s mt si T to Ci 1 20.000 20.000
35 Bin bo an ton T to Ci 1 20.000 20.000
36 L- i chn an ton Tm 1 200.000 200.000
37 Xi mng Hong thch kg 500 900 450.000
38 dm 4.6 m
3
4 70.000 280.000
39 Ct vng m
3
3 40.000 120.000
40 Que hn o3 kg 1 7.000 7.000
41 Sn cc mu kg 2 16.500 33.000
42 Bnh chng chy MFZ8 Ci 3 600.000 1.800.000
43 Cc ph kin khc
(nha thng, thic
hn, xng,.. )
100.000 100.000
44 Kho Minh Khai Ci 3 10.000 30.000

Tng kinh ph : - Thit b : 600.000.000
- Vt liu : 45.945.960

117


118
Phn nhn cng lp t
Ni dung cng vic
n
v
S
l- ng
Cng
n v Tng
A. Cng lp t

- o t tip a m
3
12 1 11
- ng cc tip a cc 6 0,44 2,64
- Lm dy tip a - ng trc 40x4 m 25 0,02 0,5
- Lp t tip a m
3
12 0,26 3,12
- Lp my bin p 400kVA ci 1 7,5 7,5
- Lp t cao p t 1 2 2
- Lp thanh ci cao p m 6 2 12
- Lp cp h p tng m 4 2 8
- Lp t in h p Ci 1 5 5
- Lp u cp Ci 4 2 8
- c chn bng in chiu sng Ci 3 0,15 0,45
- Khoan lp ng ghen, i dy mch chiu
sng
Cn
g
3 1 3
- Lp cu ch Ci 6 0,02 0,12
- Lp cng tc Ci 3 0,02 0,06
- Lp cm Ci 3 0,02 0,06
- Sn - ng trc, - ng nhnh tip a Cn
g
1 1 1
- Sn thanh ci Cn
g
1 1 1
- Lp bin an ton, s mt si Ci 2 0,13 0,26
- Lp l- i chn an ton Tm 1 3 3
- Lp s cao p Qu 3 3 9
Tng A 78,71
B. Th nghim - Hiu chnh

- Cp cao p m 5 150.000 750.000
- Cp h p tng m 6 50.000 300.000
- T cao p trn b B 1 150.000 150.000
- S cao p Qu 3 5.000 15.000
- u cp cao p B 1 50.000 50.000
- H thng tip a HT 1 120.000 120.000
- My bin p 400kVA- 10/0,4kV Ci 1 400.000 400.000
- Aptomat 600A Ci 1 50.000 50.000
- Aptomat 400A Ci 2 25.000 50.000
- My bin dng in 800 / 5A Ci 6 5.000 30.000
- Volmet - Ampemet Ci 4 5.000 20.000
- Cng t hu cng 3 pha Ci 1 50.000 50.000
Tng B 1.985.000
C. Chi ph my

- Chi ph my hn Ca 1 500.000 500.000

119
- Chi ph my cu Ca 1 200.000 200.000
- My p u ct Ca 1 100.000 100.000
Tng C 800.000

Ti liu tham kho

1. Gt : Thit k cp in (NXB KHKT, 1998).
Tg : Ng Hng Quang, V Vn Tm.
2. Gt : Cung cp in cho x nghip cng nghip ( HBK ).
Tg : Trn Bch, ng Ngc Dinh, Phan ng Khi, Ng Hng
Quang.
3. Gt : K thut in cao p - An ton in.
Tg: V Vit n.
4. Gt : H- ng dn thit k k thut in cao p.
Tg : Nguyn Minh Ch- c.
5. Gt : Nh my v trm bin p.
Tg: Trnh Hng Thm, Nguyn Hu Khi, o Quang Thch, L Vn
t, Phm Vn Ho, o Kim Hoa.
6. Gt : Sch tra cu v cung cp in x nghip cng nghip.
Bn dch ca B mn h thng in - Tr- ng HBK H ni
7. Sch : H thng cung cp in.
T.g: Nguyn Cng Hin, Nguyn Mnh Hoch - NXHKHKT 2001

Do An Cung Cap Dien

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Do An Cung Cap Dien

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n Tt nghip cung cp in

: Cng sut t ca phn x- ng (kw)

=I do thi gian qui i ly bng thi gian tn ti ngn

= 5872,79 ( 0,882 - 0,484) = 2337,37 (KVAR)

: cng sut phn khng b tng (KVAR)

: dng in mt pha chm t.

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