BO CO THC TP C BN ( BI 1) 1.

Nhim v thc hnh: Mch to dao ng RC l mch t to dao ng da trn nguyn l ca mch dao ng cu vin to ra dao ng hnh Sin c dng phm vi tn s thp thay cho cc b to dao ng LC,v kch thc ca b to dao ng LC tn s thp qu ln (do kch thc ca qun cm L) Mch c 3 khi : 1. Khi khuch i chnh(mc theo kiu EC lm vic ch A) 2. Khi khuch i m (mc theo kiu CC lm vic ch A) 3. Khi phn hi (khi to dao ng s dng mch cu vin) Nhim v bi thc tp ny l lp rp mch to dao ng hnh sin da trn nguyn l ca mch to dao ng kiu cu Wien, to ra dao ng hnh sin c bin nh - nh t 2,2V n 3V( in p ra cng ln cng tt) v tn s c sai s so vi l thuyt nh hn sai s cho php ( 15%). 2.Mch nguyn l v mch lp rp 2.1 Mch nguyn l

RC1
2K

C3 R*2
500k

RC2
1k

R*3
200k

20nF

R1
100k

C4

C7 T2
C828

T3
C828

T1
C828

C1
20nF

R P/A
10k

C5 R PH
10k

C8 RE1
1k

RV1 RE2
10

C6

RE
2k

Trong cc thng s ban u:

20nF

C2

R*1=100 k , R*2= 500 k,R*3=200 k , Rc1=Rc2= 1k ,Rpa = Rph = 10 k . VR = 2k 10k, Re1=1k ,Re2= 10 ,Ra=3 k ,Re=2k. C1=C2=10 nF(103), t ha 10F.T1= T2 = T3= C828. 2.2 Mch lp rp

R *1

RC 1

R*2

RC 2

R *3

C 3

C 4 C 7

C 5 R H P RP A C 1 C 2 R 1 E

C 8 R 1 V

R 2 E

C 6

R E

R A

2.3 Tc dng ca cc linh kin trong bi thc tp +in tr: in tr c trng cho tnh cht cn tr dng in. Ni mt cch khc th khi in tr cng ln th dng in i qua cng nh v ngc li khi in tr nh th dng in d dng c truyn qua. +T in: l linh kin c chc nng tch t nng lng in. ng thi t in cng c s dng trong cc ngun in vi chc nng lm gim gn sng ca ngun trong cc ngun xoay chiu, hay trong cc mch lc bi chc nng ca t ni mt cch n gin l t ngn mch (cho dng in i qua) i vi dng in xoay chiu v h mch i vi dng in 1 chiu.

>T ho: t ha l mt loi t c phn cc. Chnh v th khi s dng t ha yu cu ngi s dng phi cm ng chn ca t in vi in p cung cp. Thng thng, cc loi t ha thng c k hiu chn c th cho ngi s dng bng cc k hiu + hoc = tng ng vi chn t.

t ha

t khng phn cc

> T khng phn cc : >Bin tr l cc thit b c in tr thun c th bin i c theo mun. Chng c th c s dng trong cc mch in iu chnh hot ng ca mch in. in tr ca thit b c th c thay i bng cch thay i chiu di ca dy dn in trong thit b, hoc bng cc tc ng khc nh nhit thay i, nh sng hoc bc x in t, ..

. Transitor: c dng vi tc dng khuch i trong bi ny.

3. Cu to cu mch : Mch bao gm 3 khi chnh: -Khi khuych i chnh T1 v T2 mc EC. -Khi hi tip cu vin to dao ng. -Khi khuych i m. khuch i chnh - Khi khuch i gm 2 tng khuch i c mc theo kiu EC. - 2 n T1 v T2 l transistor loai C828 c mc theo kiu EC v lm cng lm vic ch A c h s khuch i ln. - T C3 l t ni tng . - R*1,RC1,RE1 dng xc nh im lm vic tnh Q cho n T1 xc nh ch lm vic (xc nh cc thng s 1 chiu Ube1 v Uce1). - R*2,RC2,RE2 dng xc nh im lm vic tnh Q cho n T2 xc nh ch lm vic (xc nh cc thng s 1 chiu Ube2,Uce2). - T C6 dng n nh dng 1 chiu. - T C5 v trit p VR1 hi tip ni tip in p (hi tip m xoay chiu ) lm thay i bin ra ca tn hiu ( y l mch sa dng xung ). 3.2 Khi to dao ng : n T1: T1 hot ng nh c dng hi tip dng t cc C ca T2 a v. Dng hi tip dng c a qua mch lc tn s mc theo kiu cu Wien gm t C1, C2 v
3.1 Khi

in tr R2 v R3.

9 v

RH P

C 2 C 1 R/ P A

Cu Wien Ta c cng thc tnh tn s ca mch cu vin RC f = 2 R R C C 2 3 1 2 Nu ly R2 = R3 = R v C2 = C1 = C th tn s dao ng s l 3.3 Khi khuch i m -Khi khuch i m l khi khuch i dng din c mc theo kiu CC v lm vic ch A. -C7 lm nhim v ni tng ,C3 c tc dng chng nhiu . -n T3 mc theo kiu CC v c h s khuch i in p Ku~1 nn khng nh hng ln n bin v dng xung ca tn hiu ra. -R3 v RE dng phn p cho T3 xc nh Ube3 v Uce3. -T C8 c tc dng trit tiu dng 1 chiu u ra. -Rra dng ly in p ra. 4. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch 4.1 iu kin dao ng: - iu kin cn bng pha:
KD = 2 v PH = 0 KD + PH = 2
f0 = 1 2RC

- iu kin cn bng bin : KK.KPH 1 4.2 S hot ng ca mch: - Khi cp cho mch mt in p 9V DCV, c hin tng hi tip dng gy t kch BT1 sau c khuych i qua T1. T1 lm vic ch A, mc EC nn qua T1 thu c 1 tn hiu ngc pha vi tn hiu BT1. - Tn hiu ny c a n T2, c khuych i ln tip (T2 cng lm vic ch A v mc EC) thnh tn hiu ra ng pha vi tn hiu BT1. - T1 v T2 mc theo kiu EC, trong T1 lm nhim v dao ng a hi c hi tip dng, n T2 ch yu lm nhim v khuych i. - T3 c tc dng nh dng c mc theo kiu CC, do c h s khuych i bng 1, tn hiu vo v ra l ng pha. 5. iu chnh mch: vo mch. Kiu tra mch ni vi s lp rp,ch cc t ho phi c lp ng chiu 5.1 iu chnh ch mt chiu: - Ngt ng hi tip dng v m v T1: ngt 1 chn t C2 v cha lp bin tr - Dng ng h thang DCV (2.5V hoc 10V) o UBE v UCE ca 3 n. Cc gi tr in p phi iu chnh tho mn cc iu kin sau: Lp rp mch theo s cho trn, cha lp rp VR

T1 UBE(V) UCE(V) 0.5-0.55 7.5-8.3

T2 0.55-0.63 3.8-4.2

T3 0.55-0.63 3.8-4.2

Ch : UCE cu T1 c in p xp x ngun l do hin tng t kch ca hi tip (+) a v. - Cc gi tr o c ch mt chiu: T1 UBE(V) UCE(V) 0.54 8.3 0.55 3.8 T2 0.57 4.1 T3

Nhn xt: Cc gi tr no cha t yu cu cn iu chnh li theo quy tc:Mun gim UBE ta tng RB ,mun tng UCE th tng RB hoc gim RC (hoc RE ).Gi tr RE1 chnh cng ln trong khong cho php cng tt v khi bin in p ra s ln. Sau khi t c cc gi tr in p t yu cu,ta o in p ra xoay chiu. 5.2 o in p ra xoay chiu: - Hn li ng hi tip dng ( ni li t C2)

- o in p u ra Ura, iu chnh ng h thang 10V ACV . Ta c Ura > 1.5V . Nh vy l mch c dao ng, quan st dng in p trn Oscilloscope thy c dng xung vung

- Lp bin tr VR vo mch,. iu chnh bin tr VR tn hiu ra c dng sin

. - Tn hiu sin thu c c bin 2.0V Nhn xt: tng bin ca tn hiu ra hnh sin ta gim in tr R*3 hoc tng R*2

Tn hiu ra b ct trn

Tn hiu ra b mo di Khi iu chnh,nu c hin tng ct trn hoc ct di th iu chnh R*2ln dn t 220k mi ln tng 10k.Sau chnh tng Rc1 v Rc2 .Nu mo t th tng R e1 mi ln 100. iu chnh mo di c th tng (RE2) ln. Nu tn s ra nh c th tng in tr Rp/a v Rph t 10 k ln 20 k. 6. Kt qu : in p mt chiu: T1 UBE(V) UCE(V) 0.54 8.3 T2 0.55 3.8 T3 0.57 4.1

in p ra c bin : U- = 2.6V F=1592 hz Sai s tn s : 9.7%

T=2.9.0,2 ms

7. Kt lun Qua bi thc hnh v mch to dao ng hnh sin ny em c bit thm mt s kin thc b ch,hiu r hn v mch to dao ng,thao tc thc hnh v mch in t nhanh nhn hn, Em xin chn thanh cm n gio vin hng dn hng dn tn tnh cho chng em trong qu trnh thc tp bi ny