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Phn m u

I. Mc ch thc tp - Tm hiu chi tit. - Thit k mch. - Lp rp mch. - Cn chnh mch khuych i m tn.

II.Yu cu - Mch sau khi thit k v lp rp phi c kh nng khuch i tn hiu m tn. - Yu cu u vo c in p 0.5 V xoay chiu hnh sin, u ra cng l in p xoay chiu hnh sin 3.8 V, khng mo, khng bin dng. - S dng Oscilloscope trong vic kim tra v iu chnh mch in. - Bit kim tra ch ng ca transistor trong ch khuch i (cc ch A, B, C).

Ni dung bo co
I.S nguyn l, cu to mch, tc dng tng linh kin. 1.S nguyn l:

Hnh1:s nguyn l mch khuch i m tn 2.Cu to mch in, tc dng tng linh kin. y l mch khuych i m tn -c ng dng rng ri trong cc thit b in t. Mch gm ba khu: n Q1 l n C828 lm nhim v khuych i tn hiu. n Q2 l n A564 lm nhim v kch tn hiu v -a sang tng khuych i cng sut. Tng khuych i cng sut gm hai loi n khc nhau: Q3 l C828 v Q4 l A564 mach theo kiu y ko song song, c tc dng nng cao cng sut -a ra ti. Trong thc t khi rp v cn chnh mch, loa 4 Ohm -c thay th bng in tr 100 Trong mch khi rp s thay Rb=4.7 K bng bin tr 10K -c mc ni tip vi mt in tr 1K bo v mch khi cc t bin trong iu chnh ch lm vic ca n Q1. in tr 12K tao phn p UBE cho n Q1. in tr 100 to hi tip m cho tn hiu, iu chnh in tr ny c tn hiu ra c tr s nh- mun. 2

in tr 560 v t C2=103 (10nF) dng ni tng, nng cao hiu sut mch. Cc in tr 440(2x220) v 1K dng hn ch tn hiu hi tip chng t kch v mo phi tuyn trong tng khuch i cng sut R5=440 to chnh lch in p gia Q2 v Q3. R1=560 dng hi tip tn hiu t u ra v chn E ca Q1. II.Nguyn l hot ng 1) Ch mt chiu - i vi Q1: cc B ni vi ngun d-ng qua bin tr, cc C ni vi d-ng ngun qua in tr 220 , cc E -c ni vi t xung m ngun, do dng in khng trc tip xung t m theo -ng qua in tr 560 i sang n Q4, sau i xung t. - i vi Q2: cc E -c ni trc tip vi ngun, dong Baz -c ly t dng Ic ca n Q1. Cc C ni vi Baz ca n Q4. - i vi Q3: cc C -c ni trc tip vi d-ng ngun, dng Baz ly t cc C ca Q2, cc E ni vi Eca Q4 do dng IE ca hai n l nh- nhau - n Q4: cc E ni vi cc E ca Q3, cc C -c ni trc tip xung t, Q4 -c m nh dng Ic ca Q2. 2) Ch xoay chiu Tn hiu vo dng Sin vi bin 0.5 V, tn s 1kHz -c -a vo c-c B ca Q1 thng qua mt t ho C1=47F. Tn hiu ra ly cc C. Tn hiu qua n Q1 -c khuyc i ln 1, sau -a sang Baz ca n Q2 kch. Tn hiu ra ly cc C. Sau tn hiu -c ly ra cc C ca n Q2 v chia lm hai -ng: - Mt -ng vo Baz ca n Q3. - Mt -ng vo Baz ca n Q4. Tn hiu ra c ghp vi nhau ti cc E ni chung ca hai n v -c -a ra loa qua mt t ho C4=100 F t -c in p ra c bin l 3.8 V ta cn iu chnh R2 (100 ) gi tr khong 7075 , tuy nhin khi tn hiu ra b mo hai nh hnh Sin, khc phc ta iu chnh bin tr t c hnh Sin. iu chnh bin tr tc l ta iu chnh ch lm vic ca Q1 lm cho tnh hiu ht mo. Trong thc hin mch ta cn ch im sau: mch hot ng -c th c bn n phi hot ng bnh th-ng. Ta cn ch ti cc gii tr sau: - UCE ca Q1: t 2.4 V n 3.0 V - n Q3 m th UBE ca Q3 l 0.4 V n 0.6 V 3

- Khi UCE ng. III.S lp rp

(Q3)

UCE

(Q2)

phi c 0.1 V0.6 V. Khi mch hot

Trong s lp rp c mt s im cn l-u sau: - R2 sau khi chnh gi tr s l ba in tr R21, R22, R23 mc song song vi nhau. Khi gi tr thc ca R2 l 220/3=73.33 - R5=220 s l ba in tr 100,100 v 220 mc ni tip vi nhau tc R5=420 - Rb gi nguyn, iu chnh Rc=12K mc ni tip vi 1,2 K tc Rc=13,2 K khng b mo d-i. IV. Tr li cc cu hi k thut: Cu hi 1: Phn tch dng in mt chiu qua tng n? Tr li: - i vi Q1: Dng Ic t d-ng ngun qua in tr 220 qua chn C n chn E qua in tr 560 n chn E ca Q4 qua chn C(Q4) v m ngun. Dng IB t d-ng ngun qua in tr Rb n chn B qua chn E qua in tr 560 n chn E ca Q4 qua chn C(Q4) v m ngun. Dng IE bng tng hai dng IB+IC t chn E qua in tr 560 n chn E ca Q4 qua chn C(Q4) v m ngun. Dn IP t ngun qua Rb qua in tr 12K v m ngun 4

- i vi Q2: Dng Ic t d-ng ngun qua chn E sang chn C n chn B: (Q3)->E(Q3) ->E(Q4) ->C(Q4) v m ngun. Dng IB t d-ng ngun qua chn E sang chn B -> C(Q1)->E(Q1) qua in tr 560 n chn E(Q4) qua chn C(Q4) v m ngun Dng IE bng tn hai dng IB+IC t d-ng ngun qua chn E sau chia hai -ng mt l IB, hai l Ic - i vi Q3: Dng Ic t d-ng ngun qua chn C->E ->E(Q4)->C(Q4) v m ngun. Dng IB t d-ng ngun n E(Q2)->C(Q2) n chn B->E sang chn E(Q4)->C(Q4) v m ngun. Dng IE bng tng hai dng IB+IC t chn E sang chn E(Q4)->C(Q4) v m ngun - i vi Q4: Dng Ic t d-ng ngun qua Q3 n chn E->chn C v m ngun. Dng IB t d-ng ngun qua Q3 n E(Q4)->B(Q4) quay li qua Q3 sang E->C v m ngun. Dng IE bng tng hai dng IB+IC . Cu hi 2: Cch mc cc n bn dn i vi dng xoay chiu? Tr li: - i vi Q1: Tn hiu vo chn B, tn hiu ra chn c nn Q1 -c mc E chung - i vi Q2: Tn hiu vo chn B, tn hiu ra chn C nn Q2 -c mc kiu E chung - i vi Q3: Tn hiu vo chn B, tn hiu ra chn E nn Q3 c mc C chung. - i vi Q4: Tn hiu vo chn B, tn hiu ra chn E, nn Q4 -c mc C chung. - i vi cc transistor mc E chung tn hiu u vo v u ra ng-c pha nha Cu hi 3: Chuyn giao ln mch IC khuych i thut ton, tnh Kthun, Kdo ca mch? Tr li: Khuych i thun: tn hiu vo t chn B ca Q1 ra chn E ca Q3, Q4 cng pha. S chuyn giao nh- sau:

Trong s th cc +(thun) l chn B ca Q1 gi s tn hiu vo na chu k d-ng qua Q1 chuyn thnh m(o pha) do Q1 m E chung qua Q2(E chung) o pha, qua Q3 khng o pha(C chung), nh- vy tn hiu vo v ra ng pha nhau. H s khuych i thun l:
K thun U ra R 1 1 R2 U vo
560 8.64 73.33

theo cc gi tr trn s ta tnh -c


K thun 1

Khuych i o: Tn hiu vo t chn E ca Q1 ra chn E ca Q3, Q4. S chuyn giao nh- sau:

Trong s th cc (-) (o) l chn E ca Q1 gi s tn hiu vo na chu k d-ng qua Q1 th chn B s ng-c pha qua chn C li chuyn thnh d-ng(o pha) do Q1 mc E chung qua Q2 (mc E chung) o pha, qua Q4 khng o pha(C chung), nh- vy tn hiu vo v ra ng-c pha nhau. H s khuch i o l:
K d o U ra R 1 U vo R2
560 7.64 73.33

Theo cc gi tr trn s ta tnh -c


K d o

Du (-) biu din s ng-c pha gia tn hiu u vo v u ra Cu hi 4: Nhn xt gia tnh ton v mch thc t? Tr li: Tnh ton l thuyt ta thy mch l mch khuch i thut ton nn ta c:
K thun 1 R1 560 1 8.64 R2 73.33

Nu tn hiu vo l Uvo=0.5 V th tn hiu ra s l:


U ra K thun xU vo 8.64 x0.5 4.3 V

Trong thc t U vo 0.5 V, U ra 3.8 V nh- vy ta c:


K d o U ra 3.8 7.6 U vo 0.5 | U TT U LT | | 3.8 4.3 | x100% x100 12% U LT 4.3

Sai s s l:

Sai s ny c th chp nhn c Nguyn nhn ca sai s: - Sai s dng c o. - Sai s ca linh kin. - Sai s do qu trnh hn ni linh kin khng ng k thut lm gim phm cht linh kin

V.o c v th nghim: 1.Kt qu o c ch tnh Trong ch tnh loa thay bng mt in tr 100 Transitor UCE UBE Q1 2.6 V 0.6 V Q2 -4.5 V -0.6 V Q3 4.8 V 0.6 V Q4 -4.0 V -0.5 V

UE_t 5.8 V 0V 4.0 V -4.8 V

2.B Rb Q1 Khi khng cn in p chn B hay UBE=0 mch khng hot ng c(v cc transitor u lm vic ch khuych i). Kt qu o ch tnh ghi bng sau: Transitor UCE UBE UE_t Q1 8.4 V - 0.4 V 0.4 V Q2 -9 V 0V 0V Q3 8.4 V - 0.4 V 0.4 V Q4 -0.4 V -0.4 V 0.3 V 3.B cc E ca Q3 Khi tng khuch i cng sut b mt mt v tn hiu ch c khuch i bn chi k. Quan st dng sng trn Osilloscope ta thy r iu c th ch bn phn d-ng c tn hiu ra cn phn m b mt, ngoi ra tn hiu cn b mo, bin max l 1.4. Kt qu o ch tnh nh- sau: Transitor UCE UBE UE_t Q1 2.4 V 0.6 V 6V Q2 -4 V - 0.6 V 0V Q3 0V 0V 4.5 V Q4 - 4.2 V -0.6 V 4.2 V 4. B R2 Khi coi mch c R2= thay vo biu thc tnh K ta c K=1. iu ny c chng thc trn Osilloscope tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra c bin v dng sng nh- nhau. Kt qu o ch tnh ghi bng d-i: Transitor Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 UCE 2.4 V -4 V 4.8 V -4V 8 UBE 0.6 V - 0.6 V 0.7 V -0.7 V UE_t 6V 0V 4.2 V 4.2 V

VI.Cu hi ph: Cu hi: Ti sao bn dn ta o UBE m khng o UB-t. Gii thch cch o trn? Tr li: Trong ch khuch i Transitor mun hot ng -c nht thit phi cp UBE. Do khi kim tra ch tnh nht thit phi o UBE. Ch cn lm cho gi tr UBE thay i cht t vi khong <0.7 V ->IE v IC thay i rt nhiu lm cho ni tr Transistor thay i rt nhiu theo. y l tnh cht rt quan trng ca Transistor m chng ta cn bit do vy bit n hot ng tt hay khng ta ch cn o UBE. Trong cc mch th to in p cho n hot ng ng-i ta phi phn p cho Transistor. L do ti sao khng do UB-t l do: - Cc Transistor khi -c phn p th ch-a chc cc E ni t m c th qua mt in tr hi tip, khi UBE=UB-UE UB-t (v UE0). - Gi s Transistor c phn p bng dng phn p th khi nu Transistor hng ta vn c UB-t do s phn p m khng c UBE - Trong qu trnh hn ni linh kin cht l-ng mi hn khng -c m bo dn n sai lch kt qu o.

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