Qu trnh thot hi nc trc ht l "ci ha tt yu" ca cy thc hin qua cc kh khng, min mch l v...

. Nc thot ra ngoi c th thc vt theo 2 hnh thc: thc hin di dng dung dch l hin tng git, hnh thc th 2 di dng hi, l qu trnh thot hi nc. Tnh trung bnh 1000g nc cng ch dng ng ha 2g to ra chng 3g cht hu c. Lng nc thot vo v ht ra vt qu nhiu lng nc ti thiu cn cho cy. V d: cy la m trong sut qu trnh dinh dng bc hi qung 300-320mm nc trong s 100-120mm lng nc ma ri xung (theo Henrigell). Vit Nam , ma cao nht trn 400mm. Trong sut chu k sinh trng mi ha ng bc hi 8000 tn nc (200kg40.000 cy), ngha l s lng nc cn gn 1m3 nc/1m2 t. Mc du th cy khng th ngng thot hi nc bng cch ng kh khng c. Bi v qu trnh thot hi nc l mt qu trnh sinh l cn thit ca c th. Hn na thot nc l ng c trn ht nc ln cao. cy g lc ht ca nc c th t ti 100atm. Thot hi nc l s chng vi qu trnh t chy l. Cy xanh trong qu trnh quang hp ht nng lng nh sng mt tri, nng lng ny mt phn dng trong quang hp, mt phn thi ra di dng nhit, lm tng nhit . Nh c qu trnh thot hi nc lm gim nhit t nng . Do cc hot ng khc khng b ri lon nht l cc h enzyme tng hp cht hu c. Ngi ta thy rng cc l ho, s thot hi nc chm, thng c nhit cao hn nhit l bnh thng khong 4-6oC. Thot hi nc cn duy tr bo ha nc trong cc tng ca thc vt, duy tr c c tnh cht nguyn sinh bo m cho c th hot ng c bnh thng. Tm li, thot hi nc l s thit hi cn thit i vi cy trong qu trnh sng. Cc ch s v thot hi nc. bit c s thot hi nc mnh hay yu ngi ta thng dng cc ch s sau y: * Cng thot hi nc. Cng thot hi nc c tnh bng trng lng nc tiu hao trn mt n v din tch l trong mt n v thi gian. n v tnh: gam nc tiu hao trn 1m2 l trong mt gi hoc mgH2O/dm2l /h. * Hiu sut thot hi nc. Hiu sut thot hi nc l lng cht kh to nn khi tiu hao 1kg nc hay l so snh lng nc cy mt i vi lng cht kh tch ly c trong cng thi gian.

Hiu sut thot hi nc =Lng cht kh to nn (g) / Lng nc tiu hao (kg) * H s thot hi nc. Tr s nghch o ca s gam nc tiu dng khi tch ly 1gam cht kh gi l h s thot hi nc (cn gi l nhu cu nc ca cy). H s thot nc = Lng nc mt i (g) / Lng cht kh to thnh (g) * Thot nc tng i. Thot hi nc tng i l so snh t l gia lng nc mt trn din tch l vi lng nc bc hi qua mt thong t do c cng mt din tch. Thot hi nc tng i = Lng nc thot qua l / Lng nc thot qua mt thong t do (g) Cc ch s trn thng thay i theo iu kin ngoi cnh v theo loi thc vt. Bnh qun cng thot hi nc t 15-250g/m2/h. H s thot hi nc:125-1000g, ngha l to ra 1 gam cht kh cn 125- 1000gam nc; trung bnh l 300gam. Hiu sut thot nc: 1-8, ngha l tiu hao 1kg nc to ra c t 1-8gam cht kh; trung bnh l 3. Thot hi nc tng i: 0,1-0,5. c khi n 1, mt s thc vt t khi t n 0,01. Hng Tho Trong cc nhn t ngoi cnh quyt nh tc thot hi nc th nh sng chim v tr hng u, 90% nng lng nh sng mt tri dng cho qu trnh thot hi nc. Qu trnh thot hi nc c th xy ra trong ti nh tiu th nng lng gii phng c qua qu trnh h hp. nh sng khuch tn cng c th lm tng thot hi nc ln 30-40%. nh sng cng lm tng tnh thm cht nguyn sinh khin s vn chuyn nc thc hin d dng thm. Theo nghin cu ca Ivanov v Tinman (1921) lc chiu nh sng xanh tm, cng thot hi nc mnh hn (40%) so vi nh sng v vng. nh sng lm kh khng m quang ch ng. Nghin cu ca Briggs v Schantz cho thy gia s thot hi nc v lng bc x mt tri c mi tng quan r rt (h s tng quan r = +0,82-0,89). Cng thc Dalton v Stefan cng cho thy s thot hi nc tng ln khi thiu bo ha nc tng. Tr s ny cn ph thuc vo nhit , nh sng, gi (nhit tng th thiu bo ha nc tng). Gi lm thot hi nc tng (qua lp cutine nhiu hn l qua kh khng). S tng nhit gy nn cc tn thng su sc ca mi chc nng sinh l nh c ch qu trnh quang hp, gim hiu qu nng lng h hp, c ch hot ng ht nc ca r. Nhit tng lm tnh thm ca t bo tng ln r rt, kh nng iu tit t bo b mt, cng thot hi nc tng ln, khin cho l ho vnh vin. .

iu kin dinh dng cng c nh hng n qu trnh thot hi nc. Chng hn lc thiu K nht l thi k tng trng mnh m cc c quan dinh dng, do lc gi nc ca m b gim nn cng thot hi nc tng ln (Rogalev, 1958). Lc nhiu Cl trong mi trng qu trnh thot hi nc b c ch. Vic bn thc phn N thng c tc dng lm tng cng thot hi nc cng nh ht nc ca ng v nhiu loi cy trng khc (Petina, Pavlov, 1961). Ni chung phn bn l mt nhn t c tc dng lm cy s dng nc mt cch tit kim hn (tng hiu sut thot nc). i vi iu kin bn trong Cc tnh cht gii phu hnh thi ca cy nh mc pht trin ca cutine, s lng v cch phn b ca kh khng, s xut hin cc dng lng, tr s b mt bn trong ca l, mc pht trin mng gn l v.v...u c nh hng n cng thot hi nc. Qu trnh thot hi nc cn lin quan n c tnh ha l ca keo sinh cht, n lng nc t do trong cy, n cc tng l khc nhau ca chng. Theo Zalenski (1904) v Alecxandrov (1922). L tng cao th hin r nt cc c im cu trc ca cy hn sinh: + di b mch trn n v b mt di hn. + Kch thc t bo biu b l b hn. + Kch thc cc lng ngn hn v nhiu lng hn. + Kh khng b hn v nhiu hn. + Vch biu b dy hn v thng ph sp. + T bo nhu m l b hn, m du pht trin in hnh hn. + Gian bo t pht trin hn. + M c pht trin mnh. Qu trnh thot hi nc cn l thuc nhiu c im sinh hc, sinh thi ca cc loi cy v bin thin c quy lut trong qu trnh pht trin c th. Hng Tho Tvsinh hoc