CUA BIN - CRABS

GII THIU CHUNG: Cua bin thuc lp gic xc, b mi chn (Decapoda), l i tng hi sn qu, c gi tr thng mi cao v l mt hng xut khu quan trng ca nhiu nc. Vit Nam c ngun li cua kh phong ph, phn b khp cc vng bin, ao m, ca sng, vng vnh. vng bin Vit Nam cua xanh v cua bn l hai loi cua c kch thc ln, c gi tr kinh t cao. Cua c thn hnh dp theo hng lng bng. Ton b c th c bao bc trong lp v kitin dy, thng c mu xanh lc hay vng sm. Cu chuyn v cua bin : Vng i ca cua bin tri qua nhiu giai on khc nhau v mi giai on c tp tnh sng, c tr khc nhau. Giai on u trng tri ni, nh dng nc a vo ven b bin thi thnh cua con. Cua con bt u sng b trn y v o hang sng hoc chui vo cc bi cy, hc . ng thi, cua chuyn i sng t trong mi trng nc mn sang nc l rng ngp mn, vng ca sng hay c vng nc ngt trong qu trnh ln ln. Cua giai on thnh thc c tp tnh di c ra vng nc mn sinh sn. Cua c kh nng b ln cn v di chuyn rt xa. c bit, vo thi k sinh sn cua c kh nng vt c ro chn ra bin sinh sn. Ma sinh sn ca cua bin min Bc Vit Nam l thng 2-3 v thng 7-8, min Nam t thng 10 n thng 2 nm sau. u trng cua thch hp vi mn nc t 25-30, cua con v cua trng thnh thch nghi v pht trin tt trong phm vi 2-38. Tuy nhin, trong thi k trng, cua cn mi trng nc c mn 22-32. Cua bin l loi phn b rng, tuy nhin, nhit thch hp nht t 25-30 C. Cua chu ng pH t 7,5-9,2 v thch hp nht l 8,2-8,8. Cua thch sng ni nc chy nh, dng chy thch hp nht trong khong 0,06-1,6m/s. Tnh n ca cua bin i tu theo giai on pht trin. Giai on u trng, cua thch n thc vt v ng vt ph du. Cua con chuyn dn sang n tp nh rong to, gip xc, nhuyn th, c hay c xc cht ng vt. Cua con 2-7cm n ch yu gip xc, cua 7-13cm thch n nhuyn th v cua ln hn thng n cua nh, c Cua c tp tnh tr n vo ban ngy v kim n vo ban m. Nhu cu thc n ca chng kh ln nhng cng c kh nng nhn i 10 15 ngy. Cua c i mt kp rt pht trin c kh nng pht hin mi hay k th t bn pha. Khu gic cng rt pht trin gip cua pht hin mi t xa. Cua di chuyn theo li b ngang. Khi gp k th, chng ln trn vo hang hay t v bng i cng to v kho. Lt xc v ti sinh
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Qu trnh pht trin ca cua tri qua nhiu ln lt xc bin thi ln ln. Thi gian gia cc ln kt xc thay i thao tng giai on. u trng cua lt xc trong vng 2-3 hoc 3-5 ngy/ln. Cua ln lt xc chm hn na thng hay mt thng mt ln. S lt xc ca cua c th b tc ng bi 3 loi kch thch t c ch lt xc, kch thch t thc y lt xc v kch thch t iu khin ht nc lt xc. Tui th trung bnh ca cua t 2 n 4 nm, qua mi ln lt xc khi lng cua tng trung bnh 20-50%. Cua bin c kch thc ti a l 19-28cm, khi lng t 1-3 kg/con. Vi kch c tng ng nhau v chiu di v chiu rng th cua c nng hn cua ci c bit, trong qu trnh lt xc cua c th ti sinh li nhng phn mt nh chn, cng Cua thiu ph b hay ph b b tn thng thng c khuynh hng lt xc sm hn nn c th ng dng c im ny vo k thut nui cua lt. Khai thc Sn lng khai thc t nhin cua bin hng nm ca Vit nam t khong 400 tn. Ma v khai thc thng vo thng 2- 10. Khi lng khai thc thng thng l 0,5-1kg/con, kch thc khong 7,5-10cm. Cc hnh thc khai thc: Lng by, li y, li cua hoc bt tay. Nui cua Nhng nm gn y do nhu cu tiu th trong nc v xut khu tng, nn cng vi ngh khai thc t nhin, ngh nui cua pht trin nhiu a phng trong c nc, tuy nhin ngun con ging ch yu vn cn ph thuc vo khai thc ngoi t nhin. gii quyt vn con ging, c mt s ti nghin cu v sinh sn nhn to mt s ging cua, gh. T nm 1998, Trung Tm Nghin cu Thu sn III (nay l Vin Nghin cu thy sn III) thc hin ti Nghin cu sinh sn nhn to v xy dng quy trnh k thut sn xut ging cua xanh loi Scylla serrata. Trong thi gian nghin cu, nhm tc gi thu c kt qu rt kh quan. Cng trnh nghin cu c trao hai gii nht INFOTECH ca Vit Nam v gii thng WIPO ca T chc S hu tr tu Th gii dnh cho cng trnh khoa hc xut sc nht. Hin nay cua c nui ph bin khp cc tnh ven bin Vit Nam, c bit l vng ca sng Chu th pha Bc (Thi Bnh, Hi Phng, Nam nh) v cc tnh Duyn Hi Nam B. Nng sut nui ring cua t trn 1000 kg/ha/v Sn phm cua lt hin nay l mt hng thc phm ph bin c gi tr xut khu cao, c ch bin thnh sn phm cua tm bt chin, mt mn n hp dn v quen thuc i vi th trng chu , xu hng ang m rng sang nhiu th trng khc trn th gii. Xut khu Do cua thng c xut khu dng sng hoc ng lnh nguyn con, th trng ch yu l Trung Quc v mt s th trng ln cn nn gi tr xut khu thng bin ng. Nm 2004, khi lng xut khu t gn 6000 tn, gi tr hn 25 triu USD.

CC LOI CUA CH YU C GI TR XUT KHU VIT NAM 1. Cua Xanh Tn ting Anh: Indo-Pacific Swamp Ccrab, Green Crab Tn khoa hc: Scylla serrata (Forskal,1775) - Phn b: khp cc vng bin v trong cc ao, m nc l - Ma v khai thc: thng 2 - 10 - Ng c khai thc: Li cua, li y, by, bt tay - Kch thc khai thc: 7,5-10 cm - Kh nng nui: i tng nui quan trng, sn xut nhn to con ging - Dng sn phm: Sng, ti, ng lnh

2. Cua Bn Tn ting Anh: Mud Crab Tn khoa hc: Scylla paramamosain (Estampador,1949) - Phn b: khp vng bin Vit Nam, nhiu nht l vng bin min Trung v Nam B - Ma v khai thc: Thng 1 - 10 - Ng c khai thc: Li cua, li y, by, bt tay - Kch thc khai thc: 7,5-9,5 cm - Kh nng nui: i tng nui c gi tr - Dng sn phm: Sng, ti, ng lnh THNH PHN DINH DNG CA CUA

Tht cua l ngun protein cht lng cao, vitamin v cc cht khong cn thit cho dinh dng ca c th. Trong tht cua cng cha phospho, km, ng, canxi, st v rt t cht bo, c bit l cc cht bo no. Tuy nhin, tht cua cng cha mt hm lng cholesterol cao v cng c th lm tng mc cholestero trong mu ca chng ta. Hu ht cc t chc y t trn th gii nh Hip hi Y t M khuyn co mi ngy ch nn n 300mg.

Thnh phn dinh dng trong 100 g thc phm n c

Tn thc phm Thnh phn chnh Nng lng Kcal Cua 103 72,2 17,5 Mui khong A Vitamin B1 B2 mg 3,8 35,8 0,03 0,71 2,7 PP

Nc Prtin Lipit Glucid Tro Canxi Phospho St g 0,6 7,0 2,7 141 mg 191