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Nhit d
Dong oIIset du vao I
OS
pA
pA
pA
NHIU
Din ap nhiu du vao I0.011Hz
Din ap nhiu du vao I0.110Hz
Dong din nhiu du vao I10Hz
i
n
0.3
1.1
100
pp
pp
IA/H
KHOANG DIEN AP DAU VAO
Khoang din ap thng thuong V
CM
H s nen dng pha CMRR
(V)
0.1V
CM
(V)0.1
(V)
0.1
106
130
(V)
0.1
V
dB
So do chan cua OPA333.
nh 20: so d chn OPA SO-8 [10]
Mt s biu d biu din dc tinh cua OPA333 duoc cung cp trong datasheet:
nh 21:D loi vng ho v tn s [10]
nh 22:uc dp ng vi tn hiu ln
nh 2:uc dp ng vi tn hiu nho [10]
nh 24:Su phuc hi sun duong din p [10]
nh 25:Su phuc hi sun m din p [10]
nh 26:hiu 0.1-10 [10]
nh 2:Ph mt d nhiu din p v dng din vi tn s [10]
.6 Khi loc
.6.1 Dinh nghia v mach loc
Mach loc duoc dinh nghia chung nht la mach din tao ra dc tuyn tn s
ma muc tiu cua no la cho phep mt s tn s nht dinh di qua dng thoi loai bot
nhung tn s khac hay noi cach khac la bin d cua nhung tin hiu co tn s cho
phep di qua duoc giu nguyn con bin d cua nhung tin hiu khng duoc di qua s
bi trit tiu
.6.2 Phn loai mach loc
Theo cau to.
Mach loc thu dng
Mach loc tich cuc
Theo chc nng.
Mach loc thng thp
Mach loc thng cao
Mach loc thng dai
Mach loc trit dai
.6. Cc thng s dc trung
.6..1 Dc tuyn bin d tn s
Dc tuyn bin d tn s la d thi cua ham duoc xac dinh nghia la ty s giua
din ap ra trn din ap vao cua b loc goi la ham truyn dat, ham nay v co ban s
phu thuc vao tn s cua tin hiu vao : K(I)U
ra
(I)/U
v
(I) ( 4.4)
Hnh 8: Dc tuvn bin d tn s [4j
.6..2 Dc tuyn pha tn s
Dc tuyn pha tn s cua b loc la d thi biu din mi quan h giua pha
cua tin hiu ra so voi tn s cua tin hiu du vao. Vi vy, thng thuong pha cua tin
hiu ra s bi lch so voi pha cua tin hiu vao.
.6.. D suy giam
Khi xac dinh cac diu kin loc, thng thuong nguoi ta hay su dung khai
nim v d suy giam cua ham truyn dat hay dc tuyn bin d. Gia su gia tri cuc
dai cua ham truyn dat cua mt b loc bt ki nao do la M
0
, nu gia tri cua ham
truyn dat tai tn s I la M(I) thi khai nim v d suy giam tuong di cua dc
tuyn bin d duoc dinh nghia nhu sau : u
dB
(I) 20lg(M
0
/M(I)) (4.5)
.6..4 Tn s ct
Tn s ct cua b loc ly tuong la gia tri tn s ma tai do ham truyn dat
chuyn tu gia tri 1 v gia tri 0 hoc nguoc lai, tu 0 ln 1. Tuy nhin, tn s ct cua
cac b loc thuc t duoc dinh nghia la tn s ma dc tuyn bin d tai tn s do
giam di 3dB
.6..5 Dai thng v tn s trung tm
Tuong tu nhu tn s ct , dai thng cua mt b loc ly tuong duoc dinh nghia
la dai tn s ma tai do gia tri cua ham truyn dat bng 1. Tuy nhin voi b loc thuc
t, gia tri cua ham truyn dat tai dai thng s la gia tri giam di 3dB voi gia tri cuc
dai.
Tn s trung tm cua b loc duoc dinh nghia la cn bc hai cua tich 2 tn s
ct trn va ct duoi cua b loc.
I
0
II (3.6)
.6..6 S cuc cua mach loc
S cuc cua b loc thuong duoc xac dinh bng s luong mach RC hay s tu
co trong b loc. S cuc cua b loc cang lon thi d dc cua dc tuyn bin d trong
vung dai chuyn tip cang lon. Do do nu b loc co s cuc cang lon thi cht luong
cua mach loc cang tt. Tuy nhin , khi s cuc cua b loc cang lon thi d phuc tap
va kha nng mt n dinh cang cao.
Hnh 9:Bc cua b lc cng cao th d dc cua bin d cng ln [4j
.6.4 Thit k b loc cho mach do Sp02
D loai bo cac thanh phn nhiu tn s thp va nhiu cng nghip cho tin
hiu ra duoc n dinh, trong mach su dung b loc thng cao 0.5Hz va b loc thng
thp 10Hz.
.6.4.1 ach loc thng cao 0.5
Mach loc thng cao 0.5Hz s trit tiu nhiu tn s thp, loai bo cac thanh
phn tn s nho hon 0.5 Hz
a.Chon tu C1C2C100nF
b.Tinh toan gia tri din tro R
1
la din tro ni voi cuc khng dao cua b khuch dai
thut toan:
ta co tn s ct I
c
1
21-2-C1-C2
chon R
1
2R
2
voi Ic0.5Hz
R
1
2
2-n-0.5-C
= .H
c.Tu do ta co R
2
R
1
/2 2.2MO
d.Chon R
3
R
2
2.2 MO la din tro ni vao cuc dao cua b khuch dai thut toan
Su dng du giua cac din tro s lam giam su sai lch xung nho nht
Hnh 3: So d mch lc thng cao .5Hz
.6.4.2 ach loc thng thp 10
V nguyn tc khi xy dung b loc thng thp ta chi cn hoan chuyn vi tri
giua cac cp gia tri din tro va tu din tuong ung
a, Chon C
1
100nF, C
2
47nF
b, Ta cng co cng thuc tinh tn s ct I
c
1
21-2-C1-C2
voi gia tri tu din d chon
va tn s ct F
c
10Hz ta co duoc R
1
R
2
220kO
Hnh 31: so d mch lc thng thp 1Hz
.. Khi xu l tnh ton
D thuc hin chuc nng xu li tinh toan cho mach ta su dung mt vi diu
khin Atmega16 thuc ho AVR
AVR la ho vi diu khin 8 bit theo cng ngh moi, voi nhung tinh nng rt
manh duoc tich hop trong chip cua hng Atmel theo cng ngh RISC, no manh
ngang hang voi cac ho vi diu khin 8 bit khac nhu PIC, PSoC. Do ra doi mun
hon nn ho vi diu khin AVR co nhiu tinh nng moi dap ung ti da nhu cu cua
nguoi su dung, so voi ho 8051, 89xx s co d n dinh, kha nng tich hop, su mm
deo trong vic lp trinh va rt tin loi.
CEc tinh nng mi cua h AJR.
- Giao din SPI dng b.
Giao tip I2C
B bin di ADC 10 bit.
Cac knh bm xung PWM.
3 b Timer/Counter 8 bit.
Timer/Counter 16 bit.
1 b so sanh analog.
B nho EEPROM.
Giao tip USART..vv.
Atmelga32 co dy du tinh nng cua ho AVR, v gia thanh so voi cac loai
khac thi gia thanh la vua phai khi nghin cuu va lam cac cng vic ung dung toi vi
diu khin. Tinh nng :
B nho 32KB Flash co kha nng doc, ghi 10000 ln
1024 byte EEPROM co kha nng doc, ghi 100000 ln.
2KB SRAM.
8 knh du vao ADC 10 bit.
H tro cac giao tip UART, SPI, I2C.
1 b so sanh analog, 4 knh PWM.
2 b timer/counter 8 bit, 1 b timer/counter1 16 bit.
1 b dinh thoi Watchdog.
Hnh 3:So d chn Atmega1
Mo ta chc nng cEc chan cua atmega16
Vcc va GND 2 chn cp ngun cho vi diu khin hoat dng.
Reset dy la chn reset cung khoi dng lai moi hoat dng cua h thng.
2 chn XTAL1, XTAL2 cac chn tao b dao dng ngoai cho vi diu khin, cac
chn nay duoc ni voi thach anh (hay su dung loai 4M), tu gm (22p).
Chn VreI thuong ni ln 5v(Vcc), nhung khi su dung b ADC thi chn nay duoc
su dung lam din th so sanh, khi do chn nay phai cp cho no din ap c dinh, co
th su dung diode zener:
Chn Avcc thuong duoc ni ln Vcc nhung khi su dung b ADC thi chn nay
duoc ni qua 1 cun cam ln Vcc voi muc dich n dinh din ap cho b bin di
II.So d nguyn ly:
Tu cac khi thit k nhu trn ta co so d nguyn ly cu th
So d nguyn l cua mach do SpO2
Hnh 33: So d nguvn l 1
Hnh 33 : So d nguvn l