Cosmosworks-Dao Chi Lang

SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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[Year]
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks *O CHI LNG-DCL*
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A. C s ca cc phn tch
Phn ny cung cp cc c s l thuyt cn thit s dng COSMOSWorks, gii thch v cng vic phn tch, nhng gi thit c s v d on kt qu. Phn ny cng m t tm tt cch thc thc hin cc phn tch. Bn khng nn quyt nh cc vn v thit k m ch da n thun vo cc kt qu tnh ton ca COSMOSWorks. Hy dng cc kt qu ny kt hp vi d liu thc nghim v kinh nghim thc tin. Ch c thc nghim mi lm cho thit k ca bn c hiu lc. COSMOSWorks gip bn tit kim thi gian v chi ph bng cch gim s lng thc nghim ch khng loi b thc nghim. Chng ta s tho lun v nhng vn sau: Phn tch tnh tuyn tnh Khi ngoi lc tc ng ln mt vt, vt ny s b bin dng v lc s truyn qua ton b vt. Ngoi lc s lm sinh ra ng lc v phn lc a vt tr li trng thi cn bng. Cc nghin cu tnh tuyn tnh s tnh ton cc chuyn v, sc cng, ng sut v phn lc di tc ng ca ngoi lc. Cc nghin cu tnh tuyn tnh thc hin da trn cc gi thit sau: Gi thit tnh: Tt c cc lc tc ng chm v tng dn cho ti khi t cng . Sau khi t cng , lc s gi khng i theo thi gian. Gi thit ny cho php ta b qua cc lc qun tnh v gim chn do khi gia tc v vn tc nh th cc lc ny l khng ng k. Trng hp cc lc tc ng thay i theo thi gian, c th gy nn cc lc qun tnh hoc gim chn ln, ta phi tnh ton trong cc phn tch ng. Cc ti ng thay i theo thi gian v trong nhiu trng hp gy nn cc lc qun tnh hoc gim chn ln khng th b qua th khng p dng gi thit tnh c. Lu :
Vic xc nh ti c p dng theo gi thit tnh c hay khng l rt quan trng, l do l mt ti ng c th sinh ra ng sut ln gp 1/(2x) ln ti tnh vi cng cng , y, x l h s gim chn. Vi cu trc t gim chn, v d vi 5% gim chn, ng sut ng s ln gp 10 ln ng sut tnh. Trng hp xu nht l cng hng. [1] Bn c th dng cc phn tch tnh tnh ton phn ng ca cu trc mt vt quay vi tc khng i hoc di chuyn thng vi gia tc khng i, do lc qun tnh sinh ra khng i theo thi gian.
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Bn c th dng cc modul phn tch Dynamic Response hoc Nonlinear Dynamic, c trong cc sn phm COSMOS khc, tnh ton cc cu trc chu ti ng. Cc ti ng gm c cc lc giao ng, va chm v ngu nhin. COSMOSWorks 2006 khng c nhng modul ny.
Gi thit tuyn tnh: Quan h gia ti v cc p ng sinh ra (chuyn v, sc cng v ng sut) l tuyn tnh. V d, nu bn tng ti gp i, th cc p ng ca m hnh cng tng gp i. Bn c th thc hin cc phn tch theo gi thit tuyn tnh nu:
Tt c cc vt liu trong m hnh tun theo nh lut Hooke, rng ng sut t l bc nht vi sc cng. (Ta bit rng thc t th ng sut khng t l bc nht vi sc cng, m ch gn ng nh vy. Gi thit ny nhm n gin ha tnh ton v kt qu khng sai lch ng k vi thc nghim). Cc chuyn v sinh ra l nh b qua s thay i cng do ti. ( cng ca mt cu trc ph thuc vo hnh dng ca cu trc . Khi cu trc chu ti th hnh dng ca n s thay i, th hin qua chuyn v, vng v gc xoay. Nh vy, nhn chung l cng ca cu trc s thay i khi chu ti. Nhng nu tnh ton chi tit n nh vy th bi ton tr nn phc tp. Gi thit ny nhm n gin ha bi ton i vi nhng trng hp cu trc ch c nhng chuyn v nh di tc ng ngoi lc). Cc iu kin bin khng thay i trong qu trnh chu ti. Ti phi bng hng s v cng , hng v phn b. Chng khng thay i khi m hnh b bin dng. (iu kin bin bao gm ti trng v cc rng buc i vi cu trc, nh bn l, ngm, nhit ... Gi thit ny cng nhm n gin ha tnh ton ch thc t khng bao gi nh vy, chng phi thay i khi m hnh bin dng.)
Nh vy, ta ch p dng phn tch tnh tuyn tnh nu cu trc c vt liu l tuyn tnh v ti ch gy bin dng nh cho cu trc . May thay, phn ln cc bi ton sc bn trn thc t u tha mn 2 iu kin ny v ta c th p dng tnh ton cho phn ln kt cu. Mt s nh ngha c bn Cc ng lc bn trong vt s thay i t im ny n im khc. Thng qua mt din tch nh bt k, lc tc ng t bn ny sang bn kia din tch ny. ng sut l i lng xc nh cng ng lc ny (lc trn n v din tch).
Stress (ng sut). Trong mt vt th lin tc, bn c th tnh ton ng sut ti mt im nh sau: o Tng tng mt mt phng ty ct qua vt th ti im cn tnh ng sut, o Xt mt din tch v cng nh DeltaA bao quanh im trn mt phng ny, (sao khng cho php chn k t Hy lp nh?)
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Gi cng lc truyn qua DeltaA theo mt hng no l DeltaF, ng sut theo hng ny c tnh bng DeltaF/DeltaA khi DeltaA tin ti 0. o Strain (sc cng).Sc cng l t l thay i chiu di d L trn chiu di ban u L. Sc cng l i lng khng th nguyn.
o o
Chui tnh ton Cho mt m hnh li, vi mt tp hp cc chuyn v bt buc v ti, chng trnh phn tch tnh tuyn tnh s tin hnh nh sau:
1. Chng trnh s xy dng v gii mt h cc phng trnh cn bng ca phn t hu hn tuyn tnh c c chuyn v ti mi nt. 2. Sau , chng trnh s dng cc kt qu chuyn v ny tnh ton cc thnh phn sc cng. 3. Cui cng, chng trnh s dng cc kt qu sc cng v quan h ng sutsc cng tnh ton cc ng sut. Tnh ton ng sut ng sut trc tin c tnh ton ti cc im c bit, gi l cc im Gauss hoc Quadrature, nm trong tng phn t. Nhng im ny c la chn cho s lng kt qu ti u. Chng trnh s tnh ng sut ti cc nt ca mi phn t bng cch ngoi suy cc kt qu c sn ti cc im Gauss. Sau khi chy phn tch thnh cng, cc kt qu ng sut nt ti mi nt ca mi phn t c trong c s d liu. Cc nt chung ca hai hoc nhiu phn t s c nhiu kt qu. Ni chung, cc kt qu ny thng khng ging nhau do phng php phn t hu hn ch l mt phng php gn ng. V d, nu mt nt l chung cho ba phn t, c th c ba gi tr ng sut hi khc nhau cho mi thnh phn ca ng sut ti nt ny. Khi xem cc kt qu ng sut, bn c th cn bit cc ng sut phn t hoc cc ng sut nt. tnh ton cc ng sut phn t, chng trnh s tnh trung bnh cc gi tr ng sut ca cc nt trong phn t ny. tnh ton cc ng sut nt, chng trnh s tnh trung bnh cc kt qu tng ng ca tt c cc phn t c chung nt .
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----------------------------------------------------[1] C th hiu cu trc t gim chn l cu trc c cng vng cao v t chu bin dng di tc ng ca ngoi lc. Cu trc ny rt d b tn thng di tc ng ca ti trng ng d nh. V d: mt bn knh rt d v nu b mt vt cng khc kh nh ri vo, khi , ti trng ng c th ln gp hng chc ln trng lng tnh ca vt cng, nn sc lm v mt bn.
B. Thc hin cc phn tch tnh hc

1. truy cp hp thoi Study, right-click[1] biu tng trn cng ca cy COSMOSWorks Manager v chn Study. Hy xc nh cc thuc tnh ca nghin cu ny. Click nhn Adaptive kch hot phng php h- hoc p-adaptive nhm t ng nng cao chnh xc ca cc kt qu.
Ta s thy cc th mc nh sau panel bn tri:
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2. Gn vt liu cho tng solid[2] v shell[3]: right-click biu tng ca tng i tng v chn Define/Edit Material[4].
3. Right-click th mc Load/Restraint[5], chn Define xc nh cc rng buc. Hy to y cc rng buc cho tng vt th hoc thng qua cc iu kin tip xc v kt ni lin kt chng vi cc i tng khc hay vi nn.
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4. Xc nh cc ti. Bn phi xc nh t nht mt ti. 5. Vi cc t hp hoc m hnh a khi, hy dng cc thit lp iu kin tip xc chung, thnh phn v cc b gi lp s hot ng ca m hnh. 6. To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu. Trc khi chy nghin cu, bn c th dng cc ty chn kt qu Result Options yu cu t ng to ra cc biu cho ton b hnh dng m hnh. Lu : Nu bn chy mt nghin cu trc khi to li cho m hnh, chng trnh s t ng to li ri mi chy nghin cu. Bn cng c th yu cu chy nghin cu bng cch kim Run analysis after meshing trong bng thuc tnh Meshing. 7. Xem cc kt qu:

Xem biu chuyn v. Xem biu sc cng. Xem biu ng sut. Xem biu phn lc. to bo co, right-click th mc Report v chn Define. Dng cng c kt qu. Nu bn xc nh mt phng php adaptive, bn c th to biu kt qu.
[1] Click nt chut phi. [2] Solid: m hnh khi c. [3] Shell: m hnh v mng. [4] Define/Edit Material: xc nh/sa i cc c tnh vt liu. [5] Load/Restraint: Ti trng v rng buc
C. u vo cho cc phn tch tnh tuyn tnh

thc hin cc phn tch tnh, bn cn ln lt thc hin 4 th tc sau y: 1. To li cho m hnh. Bn phi to li cho m hnh trc khi chy phn tch. Cc iu kin tip xc phi c xc nh trc khi to li. Mi s thay i hnh dng, iu kin tip xc hoc ty chn li u cn to li li. 2. Cc thuc tnh vt liu.

Bn phi xc nh Modul n hi Youngs Modulus EX. H s Poisson (NUXY) s c coi l bng khng, nu khng c xc nh. Thm vo , bn cng cn xc nh khi lng ring (DENS) nu mun xem xt tc ng ca trng trng v/hoc lc ly tm cng nh h s gin nhit (ALPX) nu quan tm n ti do nhit .
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Khi bn chn mt vt liu t cc th vin vt liu ca SolidWorks hoc COSMOSWorks, cc thuc tnh ny s c a vo t ng. Gi tr mc nh ca modul ct Shear (GXY) c t ng tnh ton bng GXY = EX/2(1+NUXY). bn chy, bn nn v bn ko c dng lm tiu chun nh gi bn ca kt cu. Chng khng c dng tnh ton ng sut. Vi cc vt liu d hng[1], bn c th xc nh ring cc modul n hi, modul ct, h s Poisson v/hoc gin nhit theo cc hng khc nhau. 3. Cc rng buc. L cc khng ch y ngn khng cho vt chuyn ng cng t do. Nu m hnh khng c rng buc thch hp, hy dng ty chn Use soft springs to stabilize the model trong hp thoi Static[2]. Khi nhp ti t COSMOSMotion, hy kim ty chn Use inertial relief. Nhng ty chn ny kh dng cho cc gii thut Direct Sparse v FFEPlus. 4. Ti. Phi c t nht mt trong nhng kiu ti sau:

Lc tp trung p sut Cc chuyn v bt buc khc khng Cc lc t thn (trng lc v/hoc ly tm) Nhit (xc nh nhit hoc ly cc profile t cc phn tch nhit) Cc ti nhp t COSMOSMotion Nhit v p sut nhp t COSMOSFloWorks
Lu : Khi bn to mt nghin cu, hy click Properties trong hp thoi Study t cc ty chn thch hp. sa i cc thuc tnh ca mt nghin cu c sn, rightclick thuc tnh trong COSMOSWorks Manager v click Properties.
[1] V d, cc dm beton c ct thp ch yu t dc theo chiu di. Kh nng chu ti theo cc hng ca nhng kiu kt cu ny thng khng ging nhau. [2] V d, kho st mt thanh thng chu ko, ta ngh ch cn t 2 lc hai u, c cng bng nhau nhng ngc chiu l . Sau khi chy xong phn tch, ta git mnh v khng thy m hnh u c. N chy tt ra n tn ra thin h ri! gi l chuyn ng cng t do. Sao vy nh? Bi v y l chng trnh tnh ton gn ng, n s tnh ra l c mt chnh lch nh gia hai lc hai u thanh. Chnh lch rt nh ny cng mt thanh l lng trong chn khng (mi trng khng gian in ton m) chy tt m khi. Nhng ta khng th rng buc c thanh ny vo u c c, thc t n ch chu c lc ko m thi. trnh nhng kt qu nc ci , ta phi dng ty chn Use soft springs to stabilize the model, tc l neo tm n bng nhng ci l xo mm, c tc dng b li nhng lch lc nh, nhm gi n khng chy lung tung trong php tnh gn ng ny.
D. Kt qu ca cc phn tch tnh tuyn tnh

Theo mc nh, cc hng X, Y v Z c xc nh theo h ta chung. Nu bn chn mt tham chiu khc, nhng hng ny s theo i tng tham chiu c chn.
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1. Cc thnh phn chuyn v

UX = Chuyn v theo hng X UY = Chuyn v theo hng Y UZ = Chuyn v theo hng Z URES = Chuyn v tng hp RFX = Phn lc theo hng X RFY = Phn lc theo hng Y RFZ = Phn lc theo hng Z RFRES = Phn lc tng hp
2. Cc thnh phn ng sut

EPSX = ng sut php X EPSY = ng sut php Y EPSZ = ng sut php Z GMXY = Sc cng tip theo hng Y trong mt phng YZ GMXZ = Sc cng tip theo hng Z trong mt phng YZ GMYZ = Sc cng tip theo hng Z trong mt phng XZ ESTRN = Sc cng tng ng SEDENS = Mt nng lng sc cng ENERGY = Tng nng lng sc cng E1 = Sc cng php trong hng chnh th nht E2 = Sc cng php trong hng chnh th hai E3 = Sc cng php trong hng chnh th ba
Sc cng tng ng (ESTRN) c xc nh:
3.Cc ng sut phn t v nt

SX = ng sut php X SY = ng sut php Y SZ = ng sut php Z
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TXY = ng sut tip theo hng Y trong mt phng YZ TXZ = ng sut tip theo hng Z trong mt phng YZ TYZ = ng sut tip theo hng Z trong mt phng XZ
4. Cc thng s di y khng dng tham chiu:

P1 = ng sut chnh th nht (ln nht) P2 = ng sut chnh th 2 P3 = ng sut chnh th 3 VON = ng sut von Mises INT = Cng ng sut = P1 - P3 ERR = Li tiu chun nng lng (ch c vi ng sut phn t) CP = p sut tip xc
Cc ng sut chnh Cc thnh phn ng sut ph thuc vo hng m chng c tnh ton. Vi mt s trc ta quay no , cc ng sut tip (ct) c th bng khng. Cc ng sut php cn li c gi l cc ng sut chnh. Cc hng lin kt vi cc ng sut chnh c gi l cc hng chnh. Cc ng sut Von Mises hoc cc ng sut tng ng ng sut von Mises hoc tng ng l mt ng sut c tnh ton t cc ng sut thnh phn. Mc d ng sut von Mises ti mt nt khng xc nh duy nht trng thi ng sut ti nt ny, nhng n mang li thng tin thch hp nh gi mc an ton ca thit k vi nhiu loi kim loi do. Khng nh cc ng sut thnh phn, ng sut von Mises khng c hng. N ch n thun xc nh cng ng sut. ng sut von Mises c dng nh gi kh nng b ph hy ca cc kim loi do. ng sut von Mises c tnh ton t su thnh phn ng sut nh sau: VON = {0.5 [(SX -SY)^2 + (SX-SZ)^2 + (SY-SZ)^2] + 3(TXY^2 + TXZ^2 + TYZ^2)}^(1/2) Hoc tng ng, t ba ng sut chnh, VON = {0.5 [(P1 - P2)^2 + (P1 - P3)^2 + (P2 - P3)^2]}^(1/2)
E. To li
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I. C s ca vic to li Php phn tch phn t hu hn (Finite Element Analysis - FEA) cung cp mt k thut s ha ng tin cy phn tch cc thit k k thut. Qu trnh ny c bt u vi vic m phng hnh dng hnh hc ca m hnh. Sau , chng trnh s chia m hnh thnh nhng phn nh c hnh dng n gin (gi l cc phn t) lin kt vi nhau ti cc nt (cn gi l node). Cc chng trnh phn tch phn t hu hn xem m hnh nh mt mng li cc phn t ring r c lin kt vi nhau. Phng php phn t hu hn (The Finite Element Method - FEM) s d on phn ng ca m hnh bng cch kt hp thng tin c c t tt c cc phn t to nn m hnh ny. To li l mt bc c tnh quyt nh trong cc phn tch thit k. Qu trnh to li t ng trong COSMOSWorks sinh ra li da trn kch c phn t chung, mc sai lch v cc c im kim sot li. Vic kim sot li cho php bn xc nh c cc phn t cho cc chi tit my, cc b mt, cnh v nh. COSMOSWorks c lng c phn t chung cho m hnh vi s lu tm ti th tch, din tch b mt v cc yu t hnh hc khc. C ca li c to ra (s nt v phn t) ty thuc vo hnh dng v kch thc m hnh, c phn t, dung sai li, ch kim sot li v iu kin tip xc. giai on u ca phn tch thit k, khi m cc kt qu gn ng l tm chp nhn c, bn c th xc nh mt c phn t ln hn tnh ton nhanh. Vi nhng bi ton cn c chnh xc cao, c th cn ti c phn t nh hn. Vic to li sinh ra cc phn t t din 3D solid v cc phn t tam gic 2D shell. Bn c th s dng kt hp c hai kiu li ny. Cc phn t shell ng nhin l ph hp vi nhng m hnh mng (chi tit tm mng).
II. Li Solid Trong vic to li mt m hnh part hoc assembly bng cc phn t solid, COSMOSWorks to ra mt trong cc kiu phn t sau, da trn cc ty chn li c kch hot:
Draft quality mesh. T ng to ra li gm cc phn t solid t din c cc cnh thng.
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High quality mesh. T ng to ra li gm cc phn t solid t din c cc cnh parabol.
Cc phn t cnh thng cn c gi l cc phn t bc nht, hoc cc phn t bc thp. Cc phn t cnh parabol cn c gi l cc phn t bc hai, hoc cc phn t bc cao. Cc phn t t din cnh thng c xc nh bi bn im gc v ni vi nhau bng su cnh thng. Cc phn t t din cnh parabol c xc nh bi bn im gc, su trung im cnh v su cnh. Hnh minh ha ny cho thy hnh dng ca cc phn t t din solid cnh thng v cnh parabol.
Ni chung, vi cng mt li (cng s phn t), cc phn t cnh parabol cho cc kt qu tt hn cc phn t cnh thng, v chng m t cc ng bin cong chnh xc hn v chng to ra cc xp x ton hc tt hn. Tuy nhin, cc phn t parabol i hi nhiu ti nguyn ca my tnh hn. Vi cc bi ton v cu trc, mi nt trong mt phn t solid c ba bc t do, c hnh dung l ba chuyn ng theo cc hng vung gc. COSMOSWorks dng cc hng X, Y, v Z ca h ta Cc (Cartesian) gii bi ton ny. Vi cc bi ton v nhit, mi nt ch c mt bc t do l nhit .
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Ch : Li cht lng cao ch cn cho nhng phn tch cui cng.
III. Li Shell Khi nim Khi dng cc phn t shell, COSMOSWorks to ra mt trong nhng kiu phn t sau y, ty thuc vo cc ty chn c kch hot trong hp thoi Mesh Options:
Draft quality mesh. T ng to ra cc phn t shell tam gic cnh thng. High quality mesh. T ng to ra cc phn t shell tam gic cnh parabol.
Mt phn t shell tam gic cnh thng c xc nh bi ba im gc (nt) v c ni vi nhau bng cc cnh thng. Mt phn t shell tam gic cnh parabol c xc nh bi ba im gc, ba im gia cc cnh v ba cnh parabol. Vi nhng nghin cu c thit lp vi ty chn Shell mesh using mid-surface, chiu dy ca phn t c t ng ly ra t chiu dy ca m hnh. t cc ty chn thch hp, right-click th mc Mesh v chn Options. Cc phn t Shell l nhng phn t 2D c kh nng chng li cc ti trng cng v un.
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COSMOSWorks cung cp hai ty chn khi to cc nghin cu shell:
Shell mesh using mid-surfaces. Dng ty chn ny cho cc chi tit tm kim loi mng v cc chi tit ch c mt chiu dy v vt liu ng nht. Trong khi to li, COSMOSWorks to ra cc phn t shell trn cc mt trung ha. Chiu dy ca cc phn t c t ng tnh trn c s chiu dy ca chi tit. Ty chn ny khng dng c vi cc m hnh assembly v cc m hnh surface, cng c th mc li khi to li cho cc m hnh part phc tp v cc m hnh part giao nhau. Hy xem xt k li m bo n m t ng m hnh trc khi gii.
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Shell mesh using surface. Ty chn ny bn ton quyn la chn cc b mt no m trn s to li cng nh chiu dy v vt liu dng cho tng mt. Ty chn ny c th dng cho cc m hnh solid part, assembly v m hnh surface. Cc phn t shell c t trn nhng b mt c chn v chiu dy c tnh u sang hai pha ca nhng b mt ny.
Lu : Bn c th to cc nghin cu solid v shell ng thi trong cng mt ti liu bng cch chn kiu Mixed mesh khi to nghin cu ny. Ni chung, kt qu tnh ton bng li cht lng thp v li cht lng cao thng xp x nhau nu c cng s lng phn t. S khc bit ch r rng khi m hnh c nhng hnh dng cong.
F. M hnh li
Bn c th to li cho m hnh solid bt k vi cc phn t t din. Tuy nhin, to li cho nhng m hnh mng bng cc phn t solid s sinh ra mt s lng rt ln cc phn t, do bn phi dng cc phn t c nh. Vic dng cc phn t c ln s lm gim cht lng li v dn n sai lch cc kt qu. Li shell l s la chn tt yu cho cc chi tit v mng v tm kim loi. Cc m hnh surface cng ch c th c to li vi cc phn t shell. COSMOSWorks to ra mt li lin tc trn cc cnh chung gia cc b mt (ton b hoc cc b). V d, hy xem xt hai m hnh shell trong hnh minh ha:
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Phn mm to ra mt li tng thch dc theo cnh chung v t ng hp nht cc nt, khng quan tm n cc ch kim sot li v thit lp iu kin tip xc. Nu p dng ch kim sot li vi nhng c phn t khc nhau, COSMOSWorks s dng c nh nht.
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I. Cc vn v m hnh li Khi bn to mt nghin cu, bn s xc nh kiu li l solid, shell hoc hn hp trn c s hnh dng hnh hc ca m hnh. 1. Cc nghin cu thun shell:
Shell mesh using mid-surfaces. Ty chn ny ch kh dng vi cc ti liu solid part, khng dng c cho cc assembly. Khi dng ty chn ny, chng trnh s t ng chch xut ra mt trung ha v gn chiu dy. Ch mt loi vt liu duy nht c gn cho m hnh part ny. Mt trung ha ca phn t shell c sinh ra trng vi mt trung ha c chch xut. Hy dng ty chn ny cho cc chi tit lm t tm kim loi mng hoc nhng chi tit ch c mt chiu dy. Shell mesh using surfaces. Ty chn ny cho php bn chn cc b mt to li, ng thi cho php bn gn cc chiu dy v vt liu khc nhau cho mi b mt. Bn c th lp li th tc ny nhiu ln. Cc shell lin k c t ng gn cht vi nhau. Mt trung ha ca phn t shell c sinh ra trng vi b mt tng ng c chn. to ra cc shell, hy chn (cc) b mt hoc surface thch hp v chn Define By Selected Surfaces. to mt shell chung cho tt c cc b mt hoc surface trong m hnh, right-click th mc Shells v chn Define by All Ref Surfaces. Mi ln bn to c mt shell, bn ch c th chn cc b mt thuc cng mt chi tit my to ra mt shell.
2. Cc nghin cu li hn hp: Nu bn chn kiu Mixed mesh khi to nghin cu, bn c th phi hp cc phn t solid (t din) vi cc phn t shell trong cng mt nghin cu. II. To mt nghin cu li hn hp vi cc m hnh solid part: 1. To mt nghin cu vi Mesh type t l Mixed mesh. Cc th mc Solids v Shells xut hin trn cy. 2. To tt c cc shell thch hp bng cch right-click th mc ShellsDefine by Selected Surfaces. v chn 3. Xc nh vt liu, chiu dy v cng thc cho tng shell. 4. To li v chy nghin cu ri xem cc kt qu nh bnh thng. III. Gn cc vt liu
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Shell mesh using mid-surfaces. Ch cho php gn mt vt liu cho mi m hnh shell c to bng ty chn ny. Mt biu tng xut hin trong th mc Mid-surface Shell. Shell mesh using surfaces. Gn cc vt liu cho tng m hnh shell c to bng ty chn ny, tng t nh gn vt liu cho cc thnh phn trong mt assembly. Chng trnh s to mt th mc Shells. Mt biu tng c to trong th mc Shells cho mi b mt c chn to li. Bn c th gn cc vt liu ring cho tng mc trong th mc Shells, nh trong trng hp lm vi th mc Solids ca mt assembly.
IV. t cc chiu dy
Shell mesh using mid-surfaces. Chng trnh t ng chch xut v gn chiu dy ng nht cho cc b mt. Dng cng thc Thin. Shell mesh using surfaces. Mi khi bn to mt shell trn mt b mt hoc surface, mt bng thuc tnh s xut hin cho php bn t chiu dy v chn cng thc Thin hoc Thick. Mt biu tng c to trong th mc Shells cho mi shell. Mi shell c th c mt chiu dy, vt liu v cng thc thin hoc thick ring.
Lu : Ni chung, cc shell c th dng cng thc thin khi chiu dy ca n so vi cc kch thc khc t hn 5%. V. t cc ti trng, khng ch v kim sot li Shell mesh using mid-surfaces t ti hoc khng ch cho mt cnh shell, hy chn b mt tng ng trn m hnh solid. t ti, khng ch hoc kim sot li cho mt nh shell, hy chn cnh tng ng trn m hnh solid.
Lu : Khi cc phn t shell c bc quay t do, bn phi phn bit gia khng ch Immovable (khng chuyn ng) v khng ch Fixed (khng chuyn ng v khng quay). Bn cng c th t cc lc tp trung trong bng thuc tnh Force. Shell mesh using surfaces or faces of Solids t ti hoc khng ch cho cc cnh v/hoc cc nh ca cc surface (hoc cc b mt ca solid) bn dng to cc shell ny. Bn c th t p sut ln mt cnh shell. p sut ny c xc nh trn n v din tch. Chng trnh s dng chiu dy ni ti ca shell
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ny tnh. Lc tng ng tc dng ln cnh ny bng gi tr p sut nhn vi chiu di cnh v nhn vi chiu dy ni ti ca shell. VI. To li
p dng kim sot li thch hp trn cc b mt, cnh v nh tng ng. Trc khi to li, hy kch hot cc ty chn li v xc nh cc kim sot li thch hp. to mt li shell, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create.
Khi to mt shell, bn c th chn cng thc tnh shell l thin hoc thick. Cc shell c th p dng cng thc thin khi t l gia chiu dy v cc kch thc khc nh hn 0.05. Cc shell hnh T v giao nhau. Trong khi vic nh hng cc shell trn cc chi tit tm mng c thc hin mt cch chnh xc th phn mm li khng th thc hin c nh vy vi cc shell c hnh T hoc giao nhau. Trong nhng trng hp ny, nhiu cnh s c nhng phn t khng thng hng. Kt qu l cc im ng sut khng nm chnh xc trn cc cnh . VII. Xem cc kt qu ng sut cho shellHp thoi ca cc biu v danh sch cc kt qu ng sut cho php bn chn mt trong cc ty chn sau:

Top. ng sut tng (cng v un) ti mt trn Bottom.ng sut tng (cng v un) ti mt di Membrane. Thnh phn ng sut cng Bending. Thnh phn ng sut un
Ti sao li c cc ng sut Top v Bottom y? Khi ta dng li shell, ta t chiu dy cho tm mng ny, nhng trn vng ha, CW vn ch th hin mt m hnh li khng c chiu dy. Biu ng sut ca mt trn v mt di thng khc nhau (d nhin ri) v CW ch c th hin th biu tng mt. Vy nn ta phi nu r yu cu mun bit ng sut ca mt no th CW mi bit ng m p ng. u tin, ta dng ty chn Top, ta s c biu ng sut mt trn; sau , ta dng ty chn Bottom xem ng sut mt di; hoc ngc li.
VIII. Ti lp li
Bn c th dng mt li cho nhiu nghin cu xem xt nh hng ca nhiu loi vt liu, ti trng v khng ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin, xem xt nh hng ca hnh dng hnh hc, bn phi ti lp li v chy li nghin cu sau khi lm thay i hnh dng. Li mi s c dng chy li nghin cu ny. Nu bn vn mun xem li c v cc kt qu lin quan vi chng th n b thay th bng li mi v cc kt qu mi.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Bn c th to cc nghin cu solid v shell trong cng mt ti liu bng la chn kiu Mixed mesh khi to nghin cu . Chy mt nghin cu bng li c: 1. Click biu tng ca nghin cu trong COSMOSWorks Manager. Nghin cu ny c kch hot. 2. Right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Show Mesh. 3. Right-click biu tng Study v chn Run.
Cc tham s to li Li c to bng cch right-click biu tng Mesh trong COSMOSWorks Manager v chn Create. Li c to thy thuc vo nhng yu t sau:

Hnh dng m hnh s to li. Bn c th to cc li hn hp, solid v shell. Cc ty chn li c dng Xc nh cc kim sot li Cc ty chn tip xc/khe h C phn t v dung sai chung
Automatic Looping Ty chn ny t ng sa li li cho m hnh bng mt c li v dung sai nh hn. Bn c th kim sot s lng tam gic cc i cho php v t l gim c phn t v dung sai sau mi vng tnh lp. Kch hot v thit lp cc ty chn automatic looping: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create.Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Click Options.Hp thoi Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c chn. 3. Di Automatic looping, lm nh sau:

a. Kim Enable automatic looping for solids. b. t No. of loops, Global element size factor for each loop, v Tolerance factor for each loop.
4. Click OK. Cc ty chn to li Cc ty chn li l nhng yu t cn thit xc nh cht lng li v do vy,
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
quyt nh chnh xc ca cc kt qu. Cc kt qu da trn nhng thit lp khc nhau s hi t khc nhau, nu mt c phn t nh thch hp c s dng.
Bn c th t Mesh quality l Draft hoc High. Li cht lng thp khng c cc nt gia mi cnh tam gic. Li cht lng thp c th dng tnh nhanh v trong cc m hnh solid c cc hiu ng un nh. Li cht lng cao c khuyn dng trong a s trng hp, c bit l i vi nhng m hnh c hnh dng cong. Li tiu chun Standard dng s to li Voronoi-Delaunay cho cc thao tc to li cui cng. Qu trnh to li ny nhanh hn li so le v c dng trong a s trng hp. Ch nn s dng li so le Alternate khi li tiu chun c li. Li Alternate s b qua cc thit lp kim sot li:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Jacobian check thit lp s im tch phn dng trong vic kim tra mc mo ca cc phn t t din bc cao. Automatic transition t ng p dng cc kim sot li i vi nhng c im nh (l, gc ln). Hy hy kim Automatic transition trc khi to li cc m hnh ln c nhiu ngc ngch v chi tit nh trnh sinh ra s lng phn t qu ln hn mc cn thit. Ty chn Smooth surface, khi c kim, to ra s dch chuyn nh cc nt bin ci thin li. Nn dng ty chn ny trong a s trng hp. Automatic looping t ng to li li vi c phn t nh hn. Bn kim sot s phn t ti a cho php cng nh t l gim c phn t v dung sai sau mi ln. Thit lp mu cho cc b mt di ca cc phn t shell s gip bn dng thng cc phn t ny.
Bng thuc tnh Mesh Bng thuc tnh Mesh cho php bn to li cho m hnh:
1. Mesh Parameters. Thit lp c, dung sai chung ca phn t v cc ty chn.
Thanh trt. cho php bn thay i c v dung sai chung ca phn t. V tr tn cng bn tri (Coarse) t c v dung sai chung ln gp i gi tr mc nh. V tr tn cng bn phi (Fine) t c v dung sai bng mt na gi tr mc nh.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Global Size. t c phn t trung bnh. COSMOSWorks xut mt gi tr mc nh da trn th tch m hnh v din tch b mt. C phn t chung c cho theo n v chiu di mc nh ca SolidWorks. Tolerance. t gi tr dung sai. Dung sai mc nh l 5% c phn t chung.
Lu : iu chnh dung sai c th gip gii quyt mt s vn v vic to li. V d, nu li c li do cc cnh t do, tng dung sai c th gii quyt c vn ny. Dung sai khng th ln hn 30% c phn t chung.
Reset to default size. t li trng Global Size v gi tr mc nh theo xut ca chng trnh.
2. Run analysis after meshing. Nu kim, COSMOSWorks s chy nghin cu ngay sau khi to li cho m hnh thnh cng. 3. Options. Click nt ny kim tra hoc thay i cc ty chn li. To li mt m hnh: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Di Mesh Parameters, t cc gi tr Global Size v Tolerance . 3. Nu li mun dng cc gi tr mc nh, click Reset to default size. 4. kim tra cc ty chn li, click Options.Hp thoi Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c kch hot. 5. Kim tra v sa i cc ty chn li thch hp ri click OK. 6. chng trnh chy nghin cu ngay sau khi to li xong, kim Run analysis after meshing. 7. Click OK.
IX. Kim sot li

Cc tham s kim sot li C phn t quyt nh mc chnh xc ca kt qu phn tch. C phn t cng nh th kt qu cng tt, nhng iu li lm tng s lng cc phn t trong m hnh ln qu ln. CW cung cp mt chc nng cho php to li vi cc c phn t khc nhau trn m hnh ci thin kt qu m khng lm chm qu trnh tnh ton. i vi part c lp hoc nm trong assembly, CW cho php to li vi mt khc nhau trn cng mt chi tit my. Vi assembly, ta c th to li khc nhau cho tng part. truy cp bng thuc tnh Mesh Control, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Apply Control. Cc tham s kim sot li l:
C phn t (e) cho cc i tng xc nh
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
T l tng phn t (r) S lp ca cc phn t (n)
Gi s c phn t to li cho mt i tng l (e), c phn t trung bnh trong cc lp ta ra t i tng ny s l : e, e*r, e*r2, e*r3, ...., e*rn. Nu c phn t trung bnh tnh ton ca mt lp ln vt (E), y (E) l Global Size , th chng trnh s dng gi tr (E) thay th. Nu s lp xc nh l qu nh c c s chuyn tip u n, chng trnh s t ng to thm cc lp. Li c ta ra t cc nh n cc cnh, t cc cnh n cc mt, t cc mt n cc khi v t mt thnh phn ni n cc thnh phn khc. Kim sot li cc chi tit my (thnh phn) ca t hp Khi kim sot li cc thnh phn ca t hp, bn c th xc nh mt c phn t chung cho cc thnh phn c chn, hoc bn c th dng cc c phn t ring theo ngha tng i. C phn t ring c ni suy cho cc thnh phn khc nhau da trn v tr thanh trt. Tn cng bn tri ca thanh trt ngha l c phn t mi thnh phn u tng ng vi c phn t mc nh ca t hp (G). Tn cng bn phi ca thanh trt ngha l mi thnh phn c mt c phn t khc nhau. Vi mi thnh phn, c phn t ny tng ng vi c mc nh nu n c to li trong ti liu part ring (Ci). Dng (Ci) to li mt thnh phn thng sinh ra 4000 n 6000 phn t.
Chng trnh tnh ton c phn t (Ei) cho thnh phn theo phng trnh: Ei = G - (GCi) f. y, (f) l v tr ca thanh trt, vi f = 0 ti cc tri v 1.0 ti cc phi. Phng trnh ny tnh ton cc c phn t nh hn cho nhng thnh phn nh hn, v (G) lun lun ln hn (Ci). Quan h ny c th minh ha nh sau:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Chi tit nh (tc l Ci nh) c to li vi c phn t nh (tc l Ei nh)
Chi tit ln c to li vi c phn t ln To li kiu hn hp cho cc i tng trong mt part: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Apply Control. Hp thoi Mesh Control xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, chn cc i tng bn mun p dng cc kim sot li. 3. Di Control Parameters, lm nh sau: o Chn mt n v v g gi tr vo hp Element Size . o G mt gi tr vo hp Ratio . o t s lp trong hp Layers . 4. Click OK. p dng kim sot li cho cc thnh phn trong mt assembly: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Apply Control.Hp thoi Mesh Control xut hin. 2. Click nhn FeatureManager. Cy FeatureManager xut hin. 3. Trong cy FeatureManager bay ra, click cc thnh phn bn mun p dng kim sot li. Cc thnh phn c chn xut hin trong hp Selected Entities. 4. Di Control Parameters, lm nh sau: Nu bn mun p dng cng c phn t cho tt c cc thnh phn c chn:
Kim Use same element size.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Chn mt n v v t gi tr Element Size . G mt gi tr cho Ratio . G mt gi tr cho Layers .
Hoc nu mun p dng cc phn t khc nhau cho tng thnh phn da trn th tch ca chng:

Chc chn khng chn Use same element size. Di chuyn thanh trt xc nh cc c phn t khc nhau cho mi thnh phn. Di chuyn thanh trt sang phi to li vi c phn t nh hn. Di chuyn thanh trt sang tri, ngc li, to li vi c phn t ln hn.
5. Click OK.
X. To li vi cc kiu tip xc
Cc phn tch tip xc Cc phn tch tip xc xc nh s tc ng qua li gia cc phn bin ca nhng thnh phn m ban u tip xc hoc s tip xc khi chu ti. Chc nng tnh ton tip xc c th s dng trong cc ti liu assembly v part a khi. Chc nng ny s dng cho cc nghin cu tnh hc, cng hng, mt n nh, nhit hc, phi tuyn v th nghim ph hy. Chc nng tnh ton tip xc h tr cho cc m hnh solid cng nh shell. Biu tng Contact/Gaps xut hin trn biu tng Mesh trong COSMOSWorks Manager. Bt k s thay i kiu tip xc no cng i hi phi ti lp li cho m hnh. Trnh n chut phi cung cp nhng ty chn sau:
Set Global Contact: thit lp iu kin tip xc chung Define Contact Set: xc nh tng cp tip xc Define Contact for Components: Xc nh tip xc cho cc thnh phn
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
I. Global Contact (iu kin tip xc chung) Dng bng thuc tnh Global Contact thit lp iu kin tip xc mc nh gia cc b mt ca cc chi tit khc nhau trong mt t hp hoc gia cc khi khc nhau trong mt part a khi. Ty chn ny s thit lp iu kin tip xc ti tt c cc vng chung ca hai b mt, nhng khng thit lp bt k iu kin tip xc no cho hai b mt ch tip xc im hoc cnh hay tip xc trong mt vng qu b. Bn c th thit lp iu kin tip xc chung cho ton th t hp ri thit lp thm cc tip xc thnh phn v cc b cho tng cp chi tit thnh phn. Vic thay i hoc b sung mt iu kin tip xc i hi phi ti lp li li. Global Contact ch thch hp vi cc b mt ca m hnh solid, khng thch hp vi cc b mt shell. 1. Touching Faces. Thit lp kiu tip xc cho tt c cc b mt tip xc ban u trong mt assembly. Cc ty chn c th dng c ph thuc vo kiu nghin cu:
M hnh ban u a. No Penetration. Ch dng c vi cc nghin cu tnh, th nghim ph hy v phi tuyn. Kiu tip xc ny ngn s thm nhp gia cc i tng v cho php c khe h. y l ty chn tn nhiu thi gian nht. Chng trnh s to ra li tng hp ti tt c cc vng tip xc. Cc nt thuc cc chi tit cc nhau c dng trng vi nhau trong vng tip xc. Chng trnh s to mt phn t h ni tng cp im trng nhau ny (im ni im - Node to Node). Phn t khe h ny ngn s thm nhp nhng cho php m rng khe h gia hai nt. Vi cc nghin cu tnh, chng trnh s dng mt h s ma st xc nh trong cc thuc tnh ca nghin cu ny. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, khng xc nh lc ma st. Hy dng ty chn tip xc cc b xc nh h s ma st.
b. Bonded. Kh dng cho tt c cc kiu nghin cu. Chng trnh s gn cc i tng li vi nhau. Cc i tng c th tip xc hoc cch nhau mt khe nh. Chng trnh s thng bo nu khe h gia hai i tng c gn ln hn c phn t trung bnh ca cc phn t lin kt. Ch cn ti lp li cho nhng i tng tip xc trong kiu tip xc ny.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
c. Free (No Interaction). Kh dng vi nhng nghin cu tnh, phi tuyn, cng hng, n nh v ph hy. Chng trnh s xem cc b mt l c lp vi nhau. Vi cc nghin cu tnh v phi tuyn, cc ti trng c php gy ra s thm nhp gia cc chi tit. Vic dng ty chn ny c th gim thi gian tnh ton nu p dng cc ti khng gy ra s thm nhp. Khng c dng ty chn ny tr khi bn chc chn rng cc ti s khng gy ra s thm nhp. Biu bin dng vi h s t l bng 1 cho thy s thm nhp. Ch c cc i tng tip xc mi cn ti lp li.
d. Insulated. Ch kh dng vi cc nghin cu nhit hc. Ty chn ny tng t nh ty chn Free vi cc nghin cu cu trc. Chng trnh s xem cc b mt l c lp vi nhau v ngn khng dn nhit gia nhng b mt ny. 2. Options. Ch dng vi tip xc Bonded. a. Compatible Mesh. Chng trnh s to li tng hp trn cc vng tip xc ban u. b. Incompatible Mesh. Chng trnh s to li c lp cho tng thnh phn. Nu to li tng hp c li, ty chn ny c th gip to li thnh cng. Ni chung, ty chn li tng hp cho cc kt qu chnh xc hn trong nhng vng c gn vi nhau. Dng ty chn Incompatible Mesh c th gip to li khi ty chn Compatible Mesh c li, do chng trnh s to li c lp cho cc thnh phn (tng t nh ty chn Free). II. t cc ty chn tip xc chung: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Contact/GapsSet Global Contact v chn Set Global Contact. Bng thuc tnh Global Contact xut hin. 2. t ty chn tip xc chung thch hp. Lu : Chn iu kin tip xc chung cho a s cc vng tip xc trong m hnh gim thiu cc thit lp tip xc cc b v thnh phn s thit lp sau. 3. Click OK.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Lu : Mt biu tng bo li xut hin cnh biu tng Mesh khi bn thit lp iu kin tip xc chung. Khi bn chy nghin cu, COSMOSWorks s t ng ti lp li trc khi thc hin chy nghin cu.
G. Ti v rng buc (Load/Restraint)

Thut ng Load/Restraint c dch ra ting Vit l Ti/Rng buc khng phn nh y ng ngha ca cm t ny, nn hiu l nhng tc ng t mi trng bn ngoi vo m hnh: Ti l nhng tc ng t bn ngoi nh: lc, p sut, nhit , lc trng trng v.v Rng buc l nhng khng ch hn v t bn ngoi nh cc lin kt: ngm, gi trt, gi xoay v.v Cc ti v rng buc ng nhin l cc thit lp cn thit, xc nh tc ng ca mi trng ln m hnh. Cc kt qu phn tch trc tip ty thuc vo cc ti v rng buc ny. Cc ti v rng buc tc ng ln m hnh v khi ta thay i hnh dng m hnh,nhm kho st cc phng n thit k khc nhau, th chng t ng iu chnh theo nhng thay i . V d, bn t mt p sut P ln mt b mt c din tch A1, p lc tc ng ln b mt ny s l PxA1. Nu bn thay i hnh dng m hnh b mt c din tch A2, p lc cng s thay i thnh PxA2. V vy, vic to li li cho m hnh l cn thit sau nhng thay i hnh dng bt k, cp nht ti v rng buc. Khi bn to mt nghin cu, chng trnh s to mt th mc Load/Restraint (Ti/Rng buc) trong COSMOSWorks Manager. COSMOSWorks s thm mt mc trong th mc Load/Restraint cho mi ti hoc rng buc m bn xc nh cho cc i tng. Cc kiu ti v rng buc c th s dng ty thuc vo kiu nghin cu. Vic thit lp ti hoc rng buc, kh d tng ng c t trong bng thuc tnh, c c bng cch right-click th mc Load/Restraint ca nghin cu trong COSMOSWorks Manager, hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraint. Cc kiu ti trng cu trc khc c c bng cc chc nng c bit. nh nhp ti t COSMOSFloWorks hoc COSMOSMotion. Lu : gip bn to (nh ngha) cc nghin cu nhanh chng, bn c th ko v th cc th mc v cc mc t mt nghin cu ny n nghin cu khc tng thch trong COSMOSWorks Manager. Bn cng c th copy cc nghin cu, cc th mc v cc mc. I. Hng ca ti v rng buc 1. Quy c mc nh Hng ta nhp vo COSMOSWorks tham chiu theo mc nh l h ta chung, da trn c s mt phng Plane1, vi gc t ti gc Origin ca ti liu part hoc assembly. Mt phng Plane1 l mt phng th nht xut hin trong cy v c th c mt tn khc. Bn cng c th dng cc mt phng khc hoc cc trc lm tham chiu xc nh hng. 2. Dng cc mt phng tham chiu Mt mt phng tham chiu s xc nh mt h ta De Cartes nh hnh minh ha.
30
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
H ta De Cartes 3. Dng cc trc tham chiu Mt trc tham chiu xc nh mt h ta tr nh hnh minh ha. Cc trc tham chiu thng c dng v cn thit xc nh cc rng buc hng knh v tip tuyn.
H ta tr 4. Cc rng buc Bng thuc tnh Restraints cho php bn quy nh cc chuyn v khc khng cho cc nh, cnh hoc b mt dng cho cc nghin cu tnh, cng hng, n nh v phi tuyn.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
t rng buc: 1. Trong mt nghin cu, right-click th mc Load/Restraint v chn Restraints (hoc click Restraints trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads, hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraint, Restraints). Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. 2. t mt trong nhng kiu rng buc Type sau: Fixed: c nh Immovable (No translation): khng tnh tin Symmetry: i xng Roller/Sliding: ln/trt Hinge: bn l Use reference geometry: dng hnh dng tham chiu On flat face: trn mt phng On cylindrical face: trn mt tr On spherical face: trn mt cu
3. Chn cc i tng m hnh p dng rng buc ny. Nu bn chn Use reference geometry trong bc 2, hy chn mt i tng ph hp nh hng. 4. Trong cc nghin cu phi tuyn v rng buc khng phi l Fixed, Immovable, hoc Symmetry, bn c th lin kt cc kiu rng buc vi mt ng cong thi gian. Di Variation with time, lm nh sau: a. Click Linear dng mt ng thi gian thng theo mc nh, hoc click Curve ri click Edit. Hp thoi Time Curve xut hin. b. Nhp mt ci tn cho ng cong thi gian vo hp Name. c. Nhp cc d liu im di cc t X v Y. d. Click OK. 6. Click OK. 5. Ngn chn cc chuyn ng t do Cc m hnh b rng buc khng ph hp c th tnh tin v quay t do. Ni chung, mi thnh phn c ba chuyn ng tnh tin v ba chuyn ng quay t do. Vi mt assembly, c sau bc t do ca mi thnh phn phi c ngn chn. Cc yu t sau y gp phn ngn cc chuyn ng t do ny: Cc rng buc tnh tin Cc thuc tnh ca nghin cu (soft spring v inertia relief flags) Cc iu kin tip xc Cc kt ni
Ty chn soft spring c th dng nh mt cng c chun b n nh nghin cu. Khng nn dng ty chn ny trong nghin cu cui cng. Ty chn IIertia relief flag c th dng trong mt s trng hp, khi cc ti trng bn ngoi cn bng. a. Cc rng buc thch hp cho m hnh solid S bin dng ca m hnh solid hon ton c xc nh bi ba tnh tin ca mi node. C chuyn ng quay ca m hnh solid cng hon ton c xc nh bi nhng tnh tin ca cc node ny. Cc iu kin rng buc Immovable v Fixed l nh nhau i vi cc phn t solid. V d: Kho st m hnh solid ca mt khi hp ch nht:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Nu bn c nh mt nh, m hnh vn cha c c nh v n vn c th quay quanh nh c nh ny. Nu bn c nh hai nh, m hnh vn cha c c nh v n vn c th quay quanh ng thng i qua hai nh c nh ny. Nu bn c nh mt cnh, cnh thng ni chung, m hnh vn cha c c nh v n vn c th quay quanh cnh c nh ny. Nu bn c nh hai b mt tham chiu vung gc, m hnh vn cha c c nh v n vn c th trt theo hng php tuyn ca b mt tham chiu th ba. Nu bn c nh ba nh khng thng hng, m hnh s hon ton c c nh. Nu bn c nh mt b mt, m hnh s c c nh. Nu bn c nh mt cnh v mt nh khng thuc cnh ny, m hnh s c nh. Nu bn c nh ba b mt c php tuyn vung gc vi nhau, m hnh s c nh. V d mt m hnh c l tr: Nu bn rng buc b mt tr theo phng hng knh, m hnh vn cha c c nh v n vn c th quay v trt so vi trc. Nu bn rng buc b mt tr theo phng tip tuyn, m hnh vn cha c c nh v n vn c th trt theo hng trc. Nu bn rng buc b mt tr theo phng tip tuyn v mt nh, m hnh s c nh. Nu bn c nh mt b mt bt k, m hnh cng c nh. b. Cc rng buc ph hp vi Shell S bin dng ca cc m hnh shell hon ton c xc nh bi 3 chuyn ng tnh tin v 3 chuyn ng quay ti mi node. Cc iu kin rng buc Immovable v Fixed l khc nhau trong cc shell: Immovable t cc tnh tin bng khng, nhng khng rng buc cc chuyn ng quay. Fixed t tt c cc chuyn ng tnh tin v quay u bng khng. V d: Kho st mt tm phng c to li vi cc phn t shell: Nu bn rng buc Immovable cho mt nh, m hnh vn cha c nh v n vn c th quay quanh im . Nu bn rng buc Immovable cho mt cnh, m hnh vn cha c nh v n vn c th quay quanh cnh / Nu bn Fixed mt cnh hoc hn mt nh, m hnh s c nh. Khng nn chy nghin cu cc m hnh li shell vi mt nh c nh. Mc d v l thuyt, c nh mt nh c nh mt m hnh li shell, nhng s lng gi lp ln c th dn n cc kt qu sai. 6. Cc kiu rng buc a. Fixed (C nh) Vi cc li solid, kiu rng buc ny t tt c cc bc t do tnh tin u bng khng. Vi li shell, rng buc ny t tt c cc bc t do tnh tin v quay u bng khng. Khi dng kiu rng buc ny, khng cn chn i tng tham chiu. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh v u vo cn thit cho kiu rng buc ny:
33
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
b. Immovable (khng tnh tin) Kiu rng buc ny t tt c cc bc tnh tin t do bng khng, nh nhau vi c li solid v shell. Khng dng i tng tham chiu. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh v u vo cn thit cho kiu rng buc ny:
34
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Cc rng buc Fixed v Immovable hon ton nh nhau i vi li solid nhng khc nhau i vi li shell. V d di y s minh ha s khc nhau ny i vi li shell: Kho st mt tm mng c gi hai cnh i din. Mt p sut ng hng c t ln li shell ca m hnh ny. Cc s di cho thy hnh dng bin dng ca shell ny khi dng rng buc Immovable v Fixed.
c. Dng cc tham chiu Bn c th dng cc hnh dng tham chiu p dng cc rng buc. Tham chiu c th l mt mt phng, trc, cnh, hoc b mt. Dng ty chn ny, bn c th rng buc cc nh, cnh v b mt. Lu : Trong ti liu assembly, ch c cc mt ta v trc ca assembly c th dng lm tham chiu. Cc hnh dng tham chiu ca Part khng dng c trong ti liu assembly. S bc t do c th rng buc ty thuc kiu li v tham chiu c chn. Dng mt mt ta lm tham chiu Bn c th dng mt mt ta lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc. Bn c th quy nh cc dch chuyn theo hng 1 v 2 ca mt phng ny cng nh theo hng php tuyn ca n. Vi cc li
35
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
shell, bn cn c th quy nh cc chuyn ng quay theo ba hng k trn. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
Dng mt trc tham chiu Bn c th dng mt trc lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc. Bn c th quy nh cc chuyn ng tnh tin theo cc hng bn knh, tip tuyn (chu vi) v dc trc. Vi cc li shell, bn cn c th quy nh cc chuyn ng quay theo ba hng ny. Ghi ch: Gc c xc nh cho dch chuyn theo phng chu vi c dng tnh ton dich chuyn
36
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
thc t (v) ti mi node t cng thc: v = r. , y, r l khong cch t node ny n trc tham chiu. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
Vi v d: B mt l tr c chn c th quay hoc di chuyn dc theo trc. Mi tn l nhng chuyn ng c php:
Xem xt vic lp rp chic vng hnh 1 vo trong chic vng hnh 2. Chic vng trong (Hnh 1) c ng knh ngoi 18.2 cm v lm bng mt vt liu n hi. Chic vng ngoi (Hnh 2) c ng knh trong l 18 cm v lm bng mt vt liu cng. lp rp chng nh hnh 3, hy gn mt dch chuyn hng knh trn b mt ngoi ca vng trong bng -0.1 so vi trc tham chiu:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Dng mt b mt m hnh Bn c th dng mt b mt phng ca m hnh lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc. Bn c th quy nh cc dich chuyn trong cc hng 1 v 2 v php tuyn ca b mt ny. Vi cc li shell, bn cn c th quy nh cc chuyn ng quay theo ba hng trn. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
Cc b mt y ca chn bn ch c th di chuyn trong mt phng ca n (sn nh):
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Bn c th dng b mt m hnh (face 1) lm tham chiu t s dch chuyn cho cc b mt chn face 2 & 3 dc theo hng 1 (Dir 1) bng khng. Khng xc nh cc dch chuyn theo hai hng cn li (Dir 2 v Normal):
Mt cch d dng dng kiu On flat face l t dch chuyn theo php tuyn bng khng. S dng mt cnh ca m hnh Bn c th dng mt cnh thng ca m hnh lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc. Bn c th quy nh s dch chuyn theo hng ca cnh ny. Vi cc li shell, bn cn c th xc nh chuyn ng quay quanh cnh ny. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
V d, b mt c chn (mu xanh l cy) di chuyn mt khong 0.5 cm theo hng c xc nh bi cnh c chn (xanh l cy). Dng Preview xem hng ny. Dng mt gi tr m -0.5 cm o hng:
On Flat Face Bn ch c th dng ty chn ny khi tt c cc b mt c chn u phng. Mi b mt ny u c th lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc i vi cc hng ca chnh chng (Direction 1, Direction 2 v Normal). Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Vi v d:
On Cylindrical Face (Rng buc trn mt tr) Bn ch c th dng ty chn ny khi tt c cc b mt c chn u l mt tr. Mi b mt ny u c mt trc khc nhau. Cc hng bn knh, chu vi v hng trc cho mi b mt da trn trc ca chnh b mt ny. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Cc hng bn knh, chu vi v hng trc kt hp vi b mt tr c minh ha hnh di. Cc trc X, Y v Z c quy chiu theo hng ca h ta chung (Plane1).
Cc v d:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
M hnh bnh xe kp. Bn c th dng ty chn On cylindrical faces thit lp cc dch chuyn hng trc (mu ) v hng knh (xanh lc) bng khng. Ci cht ch cn quy t do theo phng chu vi (xanh lam):
On Spherical Face (Rng buc trn mt cu) Bn ch c th dng ty chn ny khi tt c cc mt c chn u l mt cu. Mi mt c th c mt tm ring. Bn knh, hng kinh v v tuyn ca mi mt c xc nh theo tm ca tng mt. Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Cc hng bn knh, kinh tuyn v v tuyn ca mt mt cu c minh ha trong hnh bn. Dng Preview xc nh cc hng kinh v v tuyn:
V d:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Symmetry (Rng buc i xng) Bn c th dng rng buc i xng m phng mt phn ca m hnh thay v phi m phng ton b m hnh. Khi c iu kin, vic li dng tnh i xng ca m hnh c th gip bn gim khi lng tnh ton v nng cao chnh xc cc kt qu. Th tc p dng kiu rng buc i xng cho cc li solid v shell kiu mid-surface l nh nhau. Lu : Rng buc Symmetry i hi hnh dng, cc rng buc, ti v cc thuc tnh vt liu cng phi i xng. Ni chung, khng nn dng rng buc ny cho cc nghin cu cng hng hoc n nh.
Rng buc Symmetry (i xng) cho m hnh li solid Vi cc m hnh solid, mi b mt trng vi mt mt phng i xng u c th chn s tnh tin theo phng php tuyn ca n. Kiu rng buc Symmetry t ng p dng iu kin ny cho tt c cc b mt c chn. Di y l mt s v d ca nhng m hnh i xng qua mt hoc nhiu mt phng. M hnh ny l i xng qua mt mt phng. Bn c th phn tch mt na ca m hnh ny, t cc rng buc Symmetry cho cc mt c mi tn :
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
M hnh ny i xng qua hai mt phng. Bn c th phn tch mt phn t m hnh. Hy p dng kiu rng buc Symmetry cho cc b mt i xng ny:
Di y l m hnh i xng trc. phn tch m hnh ny, bn c th dng mt mi ca n. Hy p dng kiu rng buc Symmetry cho cc b mt i xng ny. Mc d v l thuyt, c th dng mt mi c gc bt k, nhng dng mi c gc qu nh c th s to ra phn t xu ti cc nh nhn ca m hnh:
Rng buc Symmetry cho cc m hnh li shell Vi cc m hnh shell, s i xng i hi cc b mt trng vi cc mt phng i xng khng c di chuyn theo phng php tuyn v quay theo hai phng cn li. Vi cc nghin cu c to vi ty chn li Shell using mid-surfaces (Li shell dng mt trung ha), mt b mt i xng c coi nh cnh lin kt vi n. Cc rng buc i xng c p dng trn cc b mt trng vi nhng mt phng i xng ca m hnh dc theo chiu dy m hnh. Cc rng buc i xng ny c t th cng trn cc cnh shell nm trn mt phng i xng ca m hnh. Cc v d sau s gii thch r cc kiu li ca nghin cu tc ng th no n cch rng buc i xng c p dng. Shell mesh using mid-surface (Li shell dng mt trung ha)
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Planar Symmetry (i xng phng) M hnh di y i xng qua hai mt phng. Bn c th phn tch mt phn t m hnh ny. Rng buc Symmetry s t ng p dng cc iu kin di chuyn v quay cho cc b mt c chn.
Axial Symmetry (i xng trc) M hnh di i xng trc. Bn c th phn tch mt "mi" ca m hnh. Rng buc Symmetry s t ng p dng cc iu kin di chuyn v quay cho cc b mt c chn:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Shell mesh using surfaces (Li shell dng b mt) Planar Symmetry (i xng phng) M hnh surface di i xng qua hai mt phng. Bn c th phn tch mt phn t m hnh. Do khng c b mt no lin kt vi cc cnh, bn cn dng mt i tng tham chiu t cc thnh phn di chuyn thch hp bng khng nh hnh minh ha di. Lu rng bn khng th dng rng buc Symmetry trc tip v iu kin ny ch p dng c trn cc b mt, cng lu rng cc iu kin i xng l khc nhau vi mi cnh.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Axial Symmetry (i xng trc) M hnh di i xng trc. Bn c th phn tch mt mi ca m hnh. Dng trc ca shell ny lm tham chiu, t dch chuyn theo phng chu vi v cc chuyn ng quay theo hng trc v hng knh bng khng cho cc cnh ng:
Roller/Sliding (Ln/Trt)
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Dng rng buc Roller/Sliding quy nh rng mt b mt phng c th tnh tin t do trong mt phng ca n, nhng khng th tnh tin theo hng php tuyn. B mt ny c th co dn di tc ng ca ti trng. Hinge Dng rng buc Hinge quy nh rng mt b mt tr ch c th quay quanh trc ca n. Bn knh v chiu di ca b mt tr ny khng i di ti trng. iu kin ny tng ng vi kiu rng buc On cylindrical face v t cc yu t radial v axial bng khng.
Ti trng
Pressure (p sut) Bng thuc tnh Pressure t p sut ng p hoc bt ng p (thay i) ln cc b mt trong cc nghin cu cu trc (tnh hc, cng hng, n nh v phi tuyn). p sut ng p tc ng theo mt hng xc nh vi phn b khng i ln tt c cc b mt. p sut c th tc ng vung gc vi cc b mt c chn hoc c th c nhiu hng khc nhau. V d, p sut thy tnh tc ng vung gc ln cc b mt, trong khi tuyt trn mi nh li tc ng thng ng, cn gi th tc ng theo phng nm ngang. Cng ca p lc tng ng sinh ra bi p sut bng gi tr p sut nhn vi din tch b mt. Tuy nhin, p lc thc t cn ty thuc vo hnh dng ca b mt v hng ca p sut. V d, phn lc sinh ra do p sut thy tnh tc ng ln ton b mt b mt tr bng khng, do hnh dng ca b mt ny. p sut bt ng p c m t bng mt mt tch s v mt phn b p sut. Phn b p sut ny c xc nh bi mt a thc bc hai trong quan h vi mt h ta tham chiu. Lu : H ta ny phi c nh hng m t c s phn b trn b mt ch ch bng cc ta x v y. Pressure Type. Chn mt kiu p sut. oNormal to selected face. p dng p sut theo hng vung gc vi tng b mt hoc cnh shell bn chn. Trong trng hp cc cnh shell, p sut ny tc ng vung gc vi b mt hp (chiu dy) ca shell . Use reference. p dng p sut theo hng c xc nh bi i tng tham chiu c chn. Lu : Trong mt ti liu assembly, bn ch c th dng cc mt phng ta v cc trc ca assembly lm tham chiu. Bn khng th dng cc mt phng ta v cc trc ca part lm tham chiu. Faces, Edges for Pressure: Chn cc b mt ca m hnh solid hoc cc cnh hay b mt ca m hnh shell p dng p sut. Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction: Chn cc i tng tham chiu xc nh hng tc dng ca p sut. Ty chn ny ch xut hin nu bn chn Use reference. Nu bn chn mt b mt phng hoc mt mt phng ta lm tham chiu, bn c th xc nh hng p sut Along Plane Dir 1, Along Plane Dir 2 hoc Normal to Plane. Nu bn chn mt b mt tr hoc mt trc lm tham chiu, bn c th xc nh hng p sut theo Radial, Circumferential, hoc Axial. Nu bn chn mt cnh, bn c th xc nh hng p sut dc theo cnh . i hng, hy nhp mt gi tr m.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Show preview. Tt bt hin th k hiu p sut.
Pressure Value. t n v Units v gi tr p sut Pressure value. Variation with Time. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn c th xc nh mt ng cong thi gian cho p sut. Linear. Uses a default linear time curve which passes through the points (0,0) and (tend, Pvalue). Where Pvalue is the pressure specified in the Pressure value box and tend is the End timeSolution tab of the Nonlinear dialog box. specified on the Curve.Uses a user-defined time curve. Click Edit to define or import a time curve. The pressure at any time is calculated by multiplying the pressure value specified above by the Y value of the time curve. Graph. Displays the actual time-dependent pressure.
Nonuniform Distribution. Nu kim, cho php bn xc nh cc ty chn cho p sut bt ng p. Select a Coordinate System. Chn mt h ta xc nh p sut bt ng p. Equation Coefficients. Thit lp cc h s ca a thc m t s thay i p sut theo khng gian trong h ta c chn.. Cc h s ny phi c xc nh trn c s cc n v ca X v Y nh bng di:
Symbol Settings.t mu v c cho cc k hiu p sut. Lu : S phn b p sut bt ng hng c xc nh bi cc h s c trong mt a thc bc hai: p(X,Y) = Value (A + B*X + C*Y + D*X*Y + E*X^2 + F*Y^2) y: p(X,Y) = cng p sut tc dng ln mt im c ta x v y
Edit color. Chn mt mu cho cc k hiu p sut t bng mu. Symbol size. Dng cc mi tn cun thay i c cc k hiu p sut.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Value = s c nhp vo trng Value X, Y = cc ta ca im ny trong h ta c chn. A, B, C, D, E v F l cc h s ca a thc * l k hiu php nhn. Xc nh cc ti p sut ng p t p sut ng p vung gc ln mt b mt: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. 2. Di Pressure Type, click Normal to selected face. Trong vng ha, click b mt bn mun t p sut ng p. 3. Di Pressure Value, lm nh sau: a. t n v p sut thch hp cho Units. b. Nhp gi tr p sut vo hp Pressure value. 5. Click OK. t p sut ng p theo mt hng ln mt b mt: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. 2. Di Pressure Type, click Use reference. 3. Click vo hp Faces for Pressure ri chn b mt bn mun t p sut ng p. 4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri chn i tng cho hng p sut. 5. Chn mt thnh phn p sut ph hp vi i tng c chn cho hng nh sau:
Nu bn chn mt b mt lm hng, hy chn mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: Along plane Dir 1, Along plane Dir 2, hoc Normal to plane . Nu bn chn mt cnh lm hng, p sut s tc dng theo hng ca cnh c chn . Nu bn chn mt trc lm hng, hy chn mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: radial, circumferential, hoc axial.
6.Di Pressure Value, lm nh sau: a. Chn n v p sut Units .
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
b. Nhp gi tr p sut vo hp Pressure value box . 7.Click OK. Xc nh cc ti p sut bt ng p t ti p sut bt ng p vung gc vi mt b mt: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. 2. Di Pressure Type, click Normal to selected face. 3. Trong vng ha, click b mt bn mun t p sut. 4. Di Pressure Value, lm nh sau: a. t n v p sut thch hp Units . b. Nhp gi tr p sut vo hp Pressure value . 5. Kim Nonuniform Distribution. 6. Click vo hp Select a Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta trong cy FeatureManager. 7. Nhp cc h s phn b bt ng p. V d:
Hnh trn t p sut sau: P(x,y) = 250 ( 1+2*X+3*y+4*X*Y+5*X2+6*Y2) 8. Click OK. t ti p sut bt ng p ln mt b mt vi hng xc nh: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
2. Di Pressure Type, click Use reference. 3. Click vo hp Faces for Pressure ri chn b mt bn mun t p sut. 4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri chn mt i tng tham chiu xc nh hng. 5. Chn mt thnh phn p sut ph hp vi i tng bn chn xc nh hng nh sau:
Nu bn chn mt b mt lm hng, hy chn mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: Along plane Dir 1, Along plane Dir 2, hoc Normal to plane . Nu bn chn mt cnh lm hng, p sut s tc dng theo hng ca cnh c chn . Nu bn chn mt trc lm hng, hy chn mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: radial, circumferential, hoc axial.
5. Di Pressure Value, lm nh sau: a. t n v p sut thch hp Units. b. Nhp gi tr p sut vo hp Pressure value. 7. Kim Nonuniform Distribution. 8. Click vo hp Select a Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta trong cy FeatureManager. 9. Nhp h s cho phn b bt ng hng v click OK. Sa i ti p sut 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti p sut bn mun sa i v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK.
Force (Lc)
Bng thuc tnh Force t cc lc, moment, hoc lc xon phn b u trn cc b mt, cc cnh v cc nh trong nghin cu cu trc. Gi tr lc xc nh c p dng cho cc b mt, cc cnh v cc nh ny. t mt lc ln mt im trn mt b mt, bn cn tch b mt ny thnh mt im ri t lc ln im . Bn ch c th t cc lc khng phn b u ln cc b mt v cc cnh. Mt lc khng phn b u c xc nh bi mt gi tr lc v cng lc. Gi tr lc c t bng tng cc gi tr tuyt i ca lc p dng ln tng b mt v cnh. Cng lc c m t bng cc h s ca mt a thc bc hai vi x v y trong h ta tham chiu, nh nu vi p sut thay i.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Lu : Lc xon khng phn b u cha c h tr trong phin bn ny. Type. t kiu lc tc dng. Apply force/moment. p dng cc lc v/hoc cc moment. Ty chn ny i hi s xc nh hng lc bng mt i tng tham chiu. Apply normal force. p dng cc lc vung gc vi tng b mt c chn. Ty chn ny khng c i vi cc nh v cc cnh. Apply torque. p dng lc xon. Ty chn ny i hi s xc nh hng xon bng mt i tng tham chiu. Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force . Chn cc i tng chu ti lc/moment/lc xon trong vng ha. Cc i tng ph hp ty thuc vo kiu ti nh sau: Nu bn chn Apply force/moment, bn c th chn cc b mt, cc cnh v cc nh. Nu bn chn Apply normal force, bn ch c th chn cc b mt. Nu bn chn Apply torque, bn ch c th chn cc b mt. Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction . Chn mt i tng xc nh hng cho ti. Cc i tng ph hp ty thuc vo kiu ca ti nh sau: Nu bn chn Apply force/moment, bn c th chn mt b mt, mt mt phng ta tham chiu, mt cnh hoc mt trc tham chiu. Nu bn chn Apply torque, bn c th chn mt trc tham chiu, mt cnh, hoc mt b mt tr. Lu : Trong mt ti liu assembly, bn ch c th dng cc mt phng ta v trc tham chiu ca assembly xc nh hng. Bn khng th dng cc mt phng ta v trc tham chiu ca part. Show preview. Tt bt hin th cc k hiu lc/moment/lc xon. Units . t cc n v s dng nhp cc gi tr cho lc/moment/lc xon. Cc n v k dng l : SI, English (IPS) v Metric (G). Force/Normal Force/Torque. t cc gi tr cho cc thnh phn lc, lc vung gc hoc lc xon. Nu bn chn Apply force/moment,cc gi tr bn nhp ty thuc vo i tng c chn cho hng nh sau: Nu bn chn mt mt phng ta hoc b mt phng cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: Along plane Dir 1 . t gi tr ca thnh phn lc dc theo hng 1 ca mt phng ta hoc b mt phng. Along plane Dir 2 . t gi tr ca thnh phn lc dc theo hng 2 ca mt phng ta hoc b mt phng. Normal to plane . t gi tr ca thnh phn lc vung gc vi mt phng ta hoc b mt phng. Nu bn chn mt trc cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn sau:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
- Radial . t gi tr ca thnh phn lc theo hng knh. -Circumferential . t gi tr ca thnh phn lc theo hng chu vi. -Axial . t gi tr ca thnh phn lc theo hng trc. Nu bn chn mt cnh cho hng, hy xc nh thnh phn sau: . Along Edge . t gi tr ca lc dc theo cnh c chn. i hng, hy nhp mt gi tr m. Lu : Khng c kim cc hp khc nu bn khng nh t mt gi tr cho n. Nu bn chn Apply Normal Force , hy xc nh mt gi tr ca lc. Nu bn chn Apply Torque , hy xc nh mt gi tr ca lc xon. Variation with Time. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn c th xc nh mt lc thay i theo thi gian. Linear. Dng mt ng cong thi gian tuyn tnh i qua im (0,0) v (tend, Fi). y, Fi l gi tr thnh phn i ca lc c cxc nh trong hp Force v tend l End time c xc nh trong nhn Solution ca hp thoi Nonlinea. Curve. Dng mt ng cong thi gian do ngi dng xc nh. Click Edit nh ngha hoc nhp mt ng cong thi gian. Mt thnh phn lc s c tnh ton ti thi im bt k bng cch nhn gi tr xc nh trn vi gi tr Y ca ng cong thi gian ny. Graph. Hin th (cc) thnh phn lc ph thuc theo thi gian.
Nonuniform Distribution. t cc ty chn cho lc phn b khng u. Select a Coordinate System . Chn mt h ta xc nh lc phn b khng u. Equation Coefficients. t cc h s a thc m t s thay i theo khng gian ca lctong h ta c chn. Cc h s ny phi c xc nh trn c s cc n v ca x v y nh bng di:
Symbol Settings.t cc mu v c cho cc k hiu lc. Edit color. Chn mt mu cho cc k hiu lc t bng mu. Symbol size . Dng cc mi tn cun thay i c k hiu lc.
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Lu S phn b ca lc phn b khng u c xc nh bi h ta tham chiu v cc h s ca mt a thc bc hai. F(X,Y) = Value (A + B*X + C*Y + D*X*Y + E*X^2 + F*Y^2) y: F(X,Y) = cng lc tc ng ln mt im vi cc ta x v y. Value = gi tr nhp trong trng Value X, Y = cc ta ca im ny trong h ta c chn. A, B, C, D, E, v F l cc h s ca a thc * l u nhn
Xc nh lc phn b u
Xc nh lc phn b u theo mt hng: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Apply force/moment. 3. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction , ri chn i tng thch hp xc nh hng. 4. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force , ri chn b mt chu lc. 5. Chn n v thch hp Units . 6. Di Force (Per entity), lm nh sau: Nu bn chn mt mt phng ta hoc b mt phng cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: Along plane Dir 1, Along plane Dir 2 hoc Normal to plane. Nu bn chn mt cnh cho hng, hy xc nh gi tr lc dc theo cnh ny Edge. Nu bn chn mt mt phng ta hoc b mt phng cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: radial, circumferential, hoc axial. 7. Click OK. COSMOSWorks s p dng lc phn b u ny theo hng xc nh. Xc nh lc phn b u vung gc vi mt b mt: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Apply normal force. 3. Trong vng ha, click b mt chu lc.
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4. Chn n v lc Units. 5. Trong hp Normal Force, nhp mt gi tr lc. 6. Click OK. Xc nh lc xon phn b u: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Apply torque. 3. Click vo hp Faces for Torque ri chn mt b mt. 4. Click vo hp Axis, Edge, Cylindrical Face for Direction ri chn mt i tng xc nh hng. 5. Chn n v thch hp Units. 6. Di Normal Force/Torque (Per entity), xc nh Torque value. 7. Click OK. Xc nh lc phn b khng u p dng lc phn b khng u ln mt b mt theo mt hng: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Apply force/moment. 3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force ri chn b mt chu lc. 4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri chn mt i tng xc nh hng. 5. Chn n v thch hp Units. 6. Di Force, click thnh phn lc thch hp v nhp gi tr lc. Nu bn chn mt b mt hoc mt mt phng ta cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn lc sau: Along plane Dir 1Along plane Dir 2, hoc Normal to plane. Nu bn chn mt cnh cho hng, hy xc nh gi tr lc dc theo cnh . Nu bn chn mt trc cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn lc sau: radial, circumferential, hoc axial. 7. Kim Nonuniform Distribution. 8. Click vo hp Select Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta t vng ha hoc cy FeatureManager. 9.Nhp cc h s m t s phn b lc v click OK. p dng lc phn b khng u vung gc vi mt b mt:
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1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Apply normal force. 3. Trong vng ha, click nhng b mt bn mun t ti. 4. Di Units , chn mt h n v. 5. Di Normal Force , nhp gi tr cho lc. 6. Kim Nonuniform Distribution. 7. Click vo hp Select Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta trong vng ha hoc FeatureManager. 8. Nhp cc h s ca s phn b lc v click OK. S phn b khng u vi cc lc c hng thay i Nu mt s phn b c xc nh nh l cc lc thay i hng trn mt phn ca cnh hoc b mt nh hnh minh ha, chng trnh s t tng cc gi tr tuyt i ca cc lc bng gi tr c xc nh trong bng thuc tnh.
Khi p dng mt lc phn b khng u c hng thay i (Hnh tri), hy tch i tng chu ti ti ni lc i hng v t cc lc vo hai phn c tch (Hnh gia v Hnh phi). Sa i lc 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti bn mun sa i v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2.Thc hin nhng thay i cn thit. 3.Click OK.
Gravity (trng lc)

Bng thuc tnh Gravity t mt gia tc tuyn tnh ln m hnh trong cc phn tch cu trc v phi tuyn. Bn s xc nh gia tc trong cc hng x, y v z ca h ta c chuyn ng bi mt mt phng tham chiu hoc b mt phng. Bn cng c th xc nh gia tc dc theo mt cnh thng. Lc trng trng theo mi hng c tnh ton bng cch nhn gia tc trng trng xc nh vi khi lng. Khi lng c tnh ton t khi lng ring ca vt liu. Nu bn chn cc vt liu t cc th vin SolidWorks hoc COSMOS, th khi lng ring cng c xc nh. Nu bn t chn cc thuc tnh vt liu, bn cn xc nh khi lng ring cho chng. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn c th xc nh gia tc trng trng ph thuc thi gian.
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Lu : kho st tc ng ca trng lc v cc kiu ti khc trong cc tnh ton cng hng, bn phi dng php gii Direct Sparse nh thng thng v kch hot Inplane Effect. Xc nh trng lc: 1. Lm mt trong nhng thao tc sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Load/Restraint v chn Gravity. Hoc Click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Gravity. Hoc Click cng c Gravity trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Gravity xut hin. 2. Chn mt b mt phng, mt mt phng ta tham chiu, hoc mt cnh thng. i tng tham chiu c chn xut hin trong hp Face, Edge, Plane for Direction di Selected Reference. 3. Di Gravitational Acceleration, lm nh sau: a. Chn mt h n v thch hp Units bn mun dng nhp cc gi tr gia tc. b. Nhp cc gi tr cho nhng thnh phn gia tc. Nu bn mun chn mt b mt hoc mt phng ta tham chiu, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn sau: Along plane Dir 1 . Nhp gi tr ca thnh phn gia tc theo hng 1 ca mt phng hoc b mt c chn. Along plane Dir 2 . Nhp gi tr ca thnh phn gia tc theo hng 2 ca mt phng hoc b mt c chn. Normal to plane . Nhp gi tr ca thnh phn gia tc theo hng php tuyn ca mt phng hoc b mt c chn. Lu : trong mt ti liu assembly, bn ch c th dng cc mt phng v trc tham chiu ca assembly, khng th dng ca part. Nu bn chn mt cnh thng, hy xc nh: Along Edge. Nhp gi tr ca gia tc theo phng ca cnh c chn. i chiu, nhp mt gi tr m. 4. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn c th xc nh mt gia tc trng trng ph thuc thi gian. Nu cn, di Variation with Time,chn: Linear. dng mt ng thng thi gian mc nh i qua cc im (0,0) v (tend, Ai). y, Ai l gi tr ca thnh phn th i ca gia tc c xc nh trong hpk Gravitational Acceleration v tend l thi gian kt thc End time, c xc nh ti nhn Solution trong hp thoi Nonlinear. Hoc Curve. bn t xc nh ng cong thi gian. Click Edit xc nh hoc nhp mt ng
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cong thi gian. Mi thnh phn gia tc u c tnh ton ti thi im bt k bng cch nhn gi tr xc nh nu trn ca n vi gi tr Y ca ng cong thi gian. Graph. Hin th s ph thuc thi gian ca (cc) thnh phn gia tc. 5. Di Symbol Settings, lm nh sau: a. Click Edit color thay i mu ca cc k hiu gia tc trng trng. b. Click cc mi tn cun thay i c k hiu gia tc trng trng. 6. Click OK. Lu : Bn c th nhc li cc th tc trn xc nh mt gia tc theo hng khc. Sa i trng lc 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click trng lc bn mun sa i v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Gravity xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK.
Lc ly tm
S dng bng thuc tnh Centrifugal t gia tc v vn tc gc cho m hnh trong cc nghin cu tnh, cng hng, n nh hoc phi tuyn. COSMOSWorks s dng cc gi tr c xc nh ca gia tc v vn tc gc cng vi khi lng ring tnh ton cc lc ly tm. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn cn c th xc nh gia tc v vn tc gc thay i theo thi gian. Xc nh ti ly tm cho m hnh: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Centrifugal. Bng thuc tnh Centrifugal xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, chn mt trc, mt cnh, hoc mt b mt tr xc nh hng cho lc ly tm. Tham chiu c chn xut hin trong hp Axis, Edge, Cylindrical Face for Direction. Lu : Lc ly tm lun lun c tnh theo mt trc i qua trng tm ca m hnh v song song vi hng c chn. 3. Di Centrifugal Force, lm nh sau: a.Chn n v bn mun dng nhp gi tr cho gia tc v vn tc gc trong Units . Cc n v kh dng sn l : radians, cycles, v rpm (vng trn pht). b. Nhp mt gi tr cho vn tc gc Angular Velocity . i chiu, kim Reverse direction. c. Nhp mt gi tr cho gia tc gc Angular Acceleration . i chiu, kim Reverse direction. 5. Trong cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn c th xc nh cc lc ly tm thay i theo thi gian bng cch lin kt chng vi mt ng cong thi gian. Di Variation with time chn:
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Linear. Dng ng thi gian thng theo mc nh i qua cc im (0,0) v (tend, A). y, A l gi tr gia tc/vn tc gc xc nh trong hp Centrifugal Force v tend l thi gian kt thc End time xc nh trn nhn Solution ca hp thoi Nonlinear. -hoc Curve. S dng ng cong thi gian do ngi dng xc nh. Click Edit xc nh hoc nhp mt ng cong thi gian. Gia tc/vn tc gc s c tnh ton ti thi im bt k bng cch nhn gi tr xc nh trn vi gi tr Y ca ng cong thi gian. Graph. Hin th cc thnh phn lc ly tm thc t theo thi gian. 5.Click OK . Sa i cc lc ly tm 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti ly tm bn mun sa i v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Centrifugal xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK.
Cc ti v rng buc t xa
Trong nhiu trng hp, ta khng quan tm ti cc kt qu trn mt s b phn, nhng tc ng ca n ln nhng phn cn li ca m hnh th cn c xem xt. gi lp tc ng ca nhng b phn nh vy ln phn cn li ca m hnh, bn s chn b phn ny li v p dng cc ti/rng buc t xa bn ngoi m hnh. Vic s n gin ha m hnh bng cch tch b nhng thnh phn khng quan trng m khng nh hng nhiu ti chnh xc[1]. Nh tn gi, cc ti v rng buc t xa c t ti cc v tr xa (bn ngoi m hnh) v truyn tc ng ti cc b mt c chn. Hnh di s minh ha ti t xa c th c dng nh th no thay th nm xoay v tay quay trong mt assembly.
C ba ty chn ti/rng buc t xa: Load (Direct transfer) Load (Rigid connection)
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Displacement (Rigid connection)
Ti t xa Load (Direct Transfer) Bn c th dng ty chn ny khi thnh phn b b qua tng i mm do nhng cc chuyn v ca n vn c cho l nh. Cc ti t xa (lc/rng buc) c t ti mt im c xc nh bi cc ta X, Y v Z trong h ta c chn. H ta chung s c s dng theo mc nh nu khng c h no khc c chn. Cc moment t xa c p dng qua cc trc c chn ca h ta ny. Chng trnh s t ng tnh ton v p dng cc lc tng ng ln cc b mt c chn. Mt lc t xa s c chuyn thnh mt lc v (cc) moment tc ng ln cc b mt c chn. V d, nu bn t mt lc t xa F ln mt b mt nh hnh minh ha di, chng trnh s t cc lc tng ng vi mt moment M = F x d cng vi lc F ln b mt ny.
t ti t xa (chuyn trc tip) ln mt b mt: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Remote Load. Bng thuc tnh Remote Loads xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Load (Direct transfer). 3. Trong vng ha, click cc b mt bn mun p dng ti t xa. 4. Di Remote Location, lm nh sau: a. Click vo hp Select a Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta t cy FeatureManager bay ra. b. Chn n v chiu di thch hp cho Units. c. Nhp cc ta im t lc trong cc hp X-location, Y-location v Z-location . 5.Di Force, lm nh sau: a.t Units cho n v lc thch hp.
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b.Click cc thnh phn lc bn mun xc nh v nhp gi tr cho chng. 6.Di Moment, lm nh sau: a.t Units cho n v moment thch hp. b.Click cc thnh phn moment m bn mun xc nh v nhp gi tr cho chng. 7.Click OK. Ti t xa Load (Rigid Connection) Bn c th dng ty chn ny khi cc thnh phn b loi b tng i cng so vi cc thnh phn khc v bn bit cc ti t xa c th thay th n tc ng ln phn m hnh cn li. im t lc c lin kt vi cc b mt chu lc c chn bi cc thanh cng.
B mt c chn, c ni cng vi im t lc ch c th di chuyn nh mt mt cng. Din tch v hnh dng b mt ny khng b thay i, cc ng sut ln c th xut hin gn cc b mt c ni cng ny.
t lc t xa (ni cng) ln mt b mt: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Remote Load. Bng thuc tnh Remote Loads xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Load (Rigid connection). 3. Trong vng ha, click cc b mt bn mun tc dng lc t xa. 4. Di Remote Location, lm nh sau: a. Click vo hp Select a Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta t cy FeatureManager bay ra. b. Chn n v chiu di thch hp cho Units .
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c. Nhp cc ta cho im t lc t xa vo cc hp X-location, Y-location v Z-location. 5.Di Force, lm nh sau: a.t n v lc thch hp cho Units. b.Click cc thnh phn lc bn mun xc nh v nhp cc gi tr cho chng. 6.Di Moment, lm nh sau: a.t n v moment thch hp cho Units. b.Click cc thnh phn moment bn mun xc nh v nhp cc gi tr cho chng. 7.Click OK. Chuyn v t xa (ni cng) Bn c th dng ty chn ny khi cc thnh phn b loi b tng i cng so vi cc thnh phn khc v bn bit cc chuyn dch/quay t xa c th thay th chng tc ng ti phn m hnh cn li. im t chuyn v ca rng buc ny c ni cng vi cc b mt c chn bi nhng thanh cng. (Cc) b mt c chn, c ni cng vo mt im, ch c th bin dng nh mt b mt cng. Din tch v hnh dng ca tng b mt vn gi khng thay i. ng sut cao c th xut hin gn cc kt ni cng ny.
p dng mt chuyn v t xa (ni cng) ln mt b mt: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Remote Load. Bng thuc tnh Remote Loads xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Displacement (Rigid connection). 3. Trong vng ha, click cc b mt bn mun p dng chuyn v t xa. 4. Di Remote Location, lm nh sau: a. Click vo hp Select a Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta t FeatureManager bay ra.
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b. Chn n v o chiu di thch hp cho Units . c. Nhp cc ta ca im t chuyn v t xa vo cc hp X-location, Y-location v Z-location. 5. Di Translation, lm nh sau: a. Chn n v o chiu di thch hp cho Units. b. Click cc thnh phn chuyn v bn mun xc nh v nhp cc gi tr cho chng. 6. Di Rotation, lm nh sau: a. Chn n v o gc quay thch hp cho Units. b. Click cc thnh phn chuyn v quay bn mun xc nh v nhp cc gi tr cho chng. 7. Click OK.
[1] Ti v rng buc t xa cho php n gin ha tnh ton phn tch, do gim ng k s phn t trong m hnh, chng c ng dng nhiu trong cc trng hp nh:
Khng quan tm ti cc vt trung gian truyn lc: v d khng cn kho st bn ca tay quay hoc bnh rng m ch mun bit kh nng chu ti ca trc. Mt chi tit my (dm chng hn) c chiu di rt ln, chu ti mt u v ta mun bit ng sut ti u kia. Khi ta ch cn xy dng m hnh mt on ngn ca chi tit ny ti ni mun xc nh ng sut v t ti t xa ni u kia ca chi tit m khng cn dng y c m hnh.
Ti gi (Bearing Load)
Cc ti gi pht trin gia cc b mt tr tip xc nhau. Trong a s trng hp, chng c cng bn knh. Cc lc gi sinh ra mt p sut phn b khng u ti cc mt tip xc. Chng trnh gi thit rng p sut phn b theo hnh sin ln mt na b mt nh hnh minh ha. Mt na b mt ny c xc nh bi mt gc Fi nh hn hoc bng 180 . (Sao t khng th chn c k t Hy Lp nh).
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t cc lc gi ln nhiu b mt Khi bn t mt lc gi ln nhiu b mt, COSMOSWorks s chia lc cho cc b mt ny trn c s din tch v v tr na chu lc ( Fi nh hn hoc bng 180 ). Mt lc gi s tc dng ln cc b mt tr c chn nh s minh ha di. Gi thit din tch A1=A2 v A3=A4. A2 s chu lc ln hn A1 do n nm ti v tr c phn b lc cc i. Tng t, A4 chu lc ln hn A3. T l lc tc dng gia A1 v A3 bng t l din tch gia chng do cng c v tr tng i trong na chu lc. iu ny cng tng t vi A2 v A4. Hnh chiu cnh:
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Xc nh cc lc gi : 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Bearing Load. Bng thuc tnh Bearing Load 2. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt tr. Cc b mt c chn xut hin trong hp Cylindrical Faces for Bearing Loads. 3. Chn mt h ta t vng ha hoc trong FeatureManager. H ta c chn xut hin trong hp Select a Coordinate system. Lu : Trc Z ca h ta c chn phi trng vi trc ca cc b mt tr c chn. 4. Di Bearing Load, lm nh sau: a. Chn mt h n v o Units. b. Click X-Direction hoc Y-Direction v nhp mt hp thoi vo hp ny. 5. Click OK. Shrink Fitting (Lp cht) Ch lp cht (Shrink fitting) c s dng rt nhiu trong cc thit k k thut, khi lp mt chi tit my vo mt l hi nh hn n. Do vy, s sinh ra mt lc vung gc vi cc b mt tip xc, chi tit my bn trong b co li trong khi chi tit my bn ngoi b gin ra. Lng co v gin ny ty thuc vo thuc tnh cc vt liu v hnh dng hnh hc ca cc chi tit my . Lu : xut hin.
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c kt qu chnh xc, din tch tip xc phi ln vt sai lch li. V d, chiu di b mt tr hoc cu phi ln hn 0.1% ng knh lp rp. Cc b mt tip xc khng buc phi l hnh tr. Lp cht l mt iu kin tip xc cc b. Bn c th xc nh iu kin ny bng ty chn Shrink Fit trong bng thuc tnh Contact Set. Lu rng bn cn ti lp li cho m hnh mi khi thay i cc iu kin tip xc. Hnh di minh ha iu kin lp cht gia ci hai vng. ng knh ngoi ca vng trong hi ln hn ng knh trong ca vng ngoi. iu kin tip xc c xc nh gia b mt ngoi ca vng trong v b mt trong ca vng ngoi.
Thit lp iu kin lp cht: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Contact/Gaps v chn Define Contact Set. Bng thuc tnh Contact Set xut hin. 2. Di Type, chn Shrink Fit. 3. Trong vng ha, chn cc i tng ngun. Tt c cc i tng ny phi cng trn mt thnh phn. Cc i tng c chn xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Source. 4. Chn cc b mt tip xc ch. Tt c cc b mt ny phi trn cng mt thnh phn khc. Cc b mt c chn xut hin trong hp Faces for Target. 5. Click OK. 6. To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu.
Connector
Mt connector l mt c cu c xc nh kt ni mt b mt vi b mt khc hoc vi nn t. Cc connector c gp rt nhiu trong thit k k thut. Vic s dng cc connector s n gin ha m hnh. Trong nhiu trng hp, bn c th gi lp cc hot ng ca my mc m khng cn to ra cc hnh dng chi tit hoc xc nh cc iu kin tip xc. Bng thuc tnh Connectors cho php bn xc nh nhng kiu kt ni sau: Rigid
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Mt lin kt Rigid xc nh mt kt ni cng gia cc b mt c chn ca hai vt th khc nhau. Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt Rigid. Faces for Rigid Connection: Chn cc b mt m hnh solid lin kt cng vi cc b mt ch. Target: Chn cc b mt t m hnh solid khc lin kt cng vi nhng b mt chn. Spring Mt lin kt Spring l mt kt ni l xo s lin kt mt b mt ca thnh phn ny vi mt b mt ca thnh phn khc bng cc l xo phn b u vi n hi v hng xc nh. Hai b mt ny phi phng v song song vi nhau. Cc l xo c a vo phn din tch chung ca cc hnh chiu b mt ny ln b mt kia. Bn c th xc nh mt d ng lc ko hoc nn cho kt ni l xo.
Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt Spring. Planar Face of Component 1. Chn mt b mt phng t mt solid. Parallel Face of Component 2. Chn mt b mt phng t mt solid khc. B mt ny phi song song vi b mt chn. Stiffness Units. Chn mt n v xc nh cng v d ng lc. Distributed. Nhp mt gi tr cho cng trn din tch. Tng cng tng ng bng din tch chiu chung nhn vi phn b cng ny. Total. Nhp gi tr cng tng. cng tng ny c phn b u trn din tch chiu chung. Normal . Nhp gi tr cng theo phng vung gc vi cc b mt c chn. Shear . Nhp gi tr cng theo phng cc b mt c chn. Preload Force . t d ng lc dc trc cho l xo. o Compression. Nhp gi tr d ng lc nn. o Tension. Nhp gi tr d ng lc ko. Mt s th thut Cc kt qu s chnh xc hn nu tng b mt ng l hnh chiu ca b mt kia. Nu cc b mt khng tha mn iu kin ny, bn c th lm mt trong nhng thao tc sau ci thin chnh xc cc kt qu: o Tch mt hoc c hai b mt, nu cn, bng cch chiu tng b mt ln nhau ri xc nh lin kt l xo gia cc b mt c tch ny. o Xc nh hai lin kt l xo vi trnh t la chn cc b mt ngc nhau v mi lin kt c cng bng mt na gi tr tng.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Khng th to lin kt l xo nu khng c din tch chiu chunggia cc b mt. Cc b mt ny c th trng nhau, iu cho php bn gi lp mt lp vt liu n hi mng nm gia hai b mt m khng cn phi m phng lp vt liu ny hoc to ra khe h t lp vt liu ny. Cc l xo o trong trng hp ny c chiu di ban u bng khng. Khi xem cc kt qu, lu t t l bin dng bng 1.0 m bo khng c s thm nhp gia cc thnh phn khi chu ti. Khi thy c s giao nhau, cc kt qu l khng c gi tr. Bn c th xc nh cc iu kin tip xc gia nhng b mt giao nhau loi tr kt qu phi thc t ny trc khi chy nghin cu li. Pin (cht) Lin kt Pin s kt ni cc b mt tr ca hai thnh phn. Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt Pin: Cylindrical Faces of Component 1. Chn mt b mt tr y (360) hoc mt s cc b mt tr c gc nh hn. Cc b mt c chn phi thuc v cng mt thnh phn v phi ng trc vi cng bn knh. Cylindrical Faces of Component 2. Chn mt b mt tr y (360) hoc mt s cc b mt tr c gc nh hn. Cc b mt c chn phi thuc v cng mt thnh phn khc v phi ng trc vi cng bn knh. Cc b mt ca thnh phn 2 c th khc bn knh thnh phn 1. Connection Type No Translation. Xc nh mt cht khng cho php trc ca hai b mt tr di chuyn i vi nhau. No Rotation. Xc nh mt cht khng cho php hai b mt tr quay i vi nhau. Elastic Pin Units. Chn h n v xc nh cc thuc tnh n hi. Axial Stiffness. cng ca cht theo hng trc. Khng kh dng nu kim No Translation. Rotational Stiffness . cng ca cht theo hng chu vi. Khng kh dng nu kim No Rotation. Mt s lu vi lin kt Pin Lin kt pin s kt ni cc b mt tr ca cc thnh phn vi nhau. Cc lin kt ny s phn ng di ti trng nh sau: Cc cht vn duy tr thng (khng b un cong) Tng b mt vn duy tr hnh dng ban u nhng c th di chuyn nh mt vt cng Cc b mt xc nh cht trong mt thnh phn vn duy tr ng tm.Gi lp ny da trn gi thit v chuyn v nh theo mc nh. Chng trnh s thng bo nu pht hin thy c gc quay ln m khng dng ty chn Large displacement trong hp thoi Static. Trong trng hp dng ty chn ny, ti s tng theo gia s v hnh dng m hnh s cp nht tng mc ti. Chng trnh gi lp cht bng cc to cc b mt tr cng v lin kt chng bi mt thanh (l xo) c cng quay v cng hng trc xc nh. Chuyn ng dc trc tng i ca cc b mt ty thuc vo lc dc trc sinh ra trong kt ni v cng dc trc xc nh. Tng t, chuyn ng quay tng i ty thuc vo moment sinh ra trong kt ni v cng theo phng chu vi xc nh.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Tc ng ca cht c kim sot bi tr lc ca n i vi cc chuyn ng tnh tin v quay. Nu kim No Rotation, cht ny s chng li chuyn ng quay gia cc b mt tr. Tng t, nu kim No Translation, cht ny s chng li chuyn ng dc trc gia hai b mt tr. Nu khng kim No Rotation, chng trnh s cho rng y l mt bn l trn ( cng bng khng) hoc bn c th xc nh gi tr cho Rotational stiffness. Tng t, nu khng kim No Translation, chng trnh s cho rng khng c tr lc dc trc hoc bn phi xc nh mt gi tr cho Axial stiffness.
Mt s th thut Nu cc b mt c lp cht tip xc nhau t ban u, bn phi dng iu kin tip xc Free. Nu khng, chng s b gn cht vo nhau v cht s khng lm vic. Do c cc vng cng, ng sut gn nhng vng ny c th khng chnh xc. Hiu ng ny gim dn v bin mt trn thc t trong mt vng bng khong ng knh tnh t cc b mt tr. c s m phng cht chnh xc hn, bn cn phi to ra ci cht v xc nh cc iu kin tip xc thch hp. Khi xem cc kt qu, lu t t l bin dng bng 1.0 m bo khng c s thm nhp gia cc thnh phn khi chu ti. Khi thy c s giao nhau, cc kt qu l khng c gi tr. Bn c th xc nh cc iu kin tip xc gia nhng b mt giao nhau loi tr kt qu phi thc t ny trc khi chy nghin cu li.
Elastic Support (Nn n hi)

Mt lin kt Elastic Support xc nh mt nn n hi gia cc b mt c chn ca mt part hoc assembly vi mt t. Cc b mt ny khng buc phi phng. Mt cng phn b ti mt im trn b mt ny m t mt cng tng ng vi mt din tch v cng nh quanh im . cng tip tuyn ti mt im c gi thit rng bng nhau theo tt c cc mi hng tip tuyn vi b mt ti im . Cc l xo n hi c dng gi lp nn n hi v hp th cc va chm. Nn n hi ny c th c lm bng cc l xo trn thc t hoc mt lp vt liu n hi.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt Elastic Support: Faces for Elastic Support . Chn cc b mt cho lin kt n hi.
Stiffness ( cng) Units. Chn mt h n v xc nh cng. Distributed. Nhp mt gi tr cho cng trn n v din tch. Tng cng tng ng bng tng din tch cc b mt nhn vi cng phn b. Total. Nhp mt gi tr cng tng. cng tng c phn b u cho tt c cc b mt c chn. o Normal. Nhp gi tr cng theo phng vung gc vi cc b mt c chn. o Shear . Nhp gi tr cng theo phng trt ca cc b mt.
Bolt (bu-lng) Lin kt Bolt xc nh mt mi ghp bulon gia hai chi tit my hoc gia mt chi tit my vi nn. Trong hnh minh ha l mt mi ghp bulon in hnh.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
With Nut. Dng ty chn ny xc nh mt bulon thng thng vi mt -cu. Without Nut. Dng ty chn ny xc nh mt bulon khng c -cu. Grounded. Dng ty chn ny kt ni mt b mt tr vi mt t bng mt bulon.
Lu : Cc b mt c chn cng mt ln xc nh mt bulon. Nu bn chn With Nut, hy xc nh nh sau: o o
Head Contact Faces . Chn mt hoc nhiu b mt xc nh vng tip xc ca u bulon vi mt chi tit my. Nut Contact Faces . Chn mt hoc nhiu b mt xc nh vng tip xc ca -cu vi mt chi tit my. Cc b mt ny phi thuc v cng mt chi tit my khc vi chi tit tip xc vi u bulon. Ch dng ty chn ny nu With Nut c chn.
Nu bn chn Without Nut, hy xc nh nh sau: o o
Head Contact Faces . Chn mt hoc nhiu b mt xc nh vng tip xc ca u bulon vi mt chi tit my. Thread Faces . Chn cc b mt l t chi tit my khc tip xc vi thn bulon.
Nu bn chn Grounded, hy xc nh nh sau: oHead/Nut Contact Face . Chn mt hoc nhiu b mt xc nh vng tip xc gia m/cu v mt nn. oTarget Plane . Chn mt mt phng ta m phng nn o. Tight Fit. Dng ty chn ny nu bn knh thn bulon bng bn knh (cc) l tr tng ng
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
ca t nht mt chi tit my. Mt b mt tr c t Tight Fit s c lm cng v s ch bin dng vi thn bulon nh mt b mt cng. S gi lp ny ty thuc vo vic bulon c cu hay khng, nh minh ha di.
Shank Contact Faces . Chn cc b mt tr tip xc vi thn bulon. Cc b mt ny c th thuc v mt hoc hai chi tit my. Nu bn chn nhiu b mt ca mt chi tit my, chng phi ng tm v c cng bn knh.
Diameter . Chn n v o v t ng knh cho thn bulon.
Lu : gi tr ng knh ny phi bng hoc nh hn cc ng knh l bulon ca Shank Contact Faces. Show Preview. Tt bt hin th k hiu bulon khi bn xc nh bulon ny. Apply. To bulon sau khi thng tin vt liu bulon c a vo hp Material.
Material Custom. Xc nh cc thuc tnh vt liu. o Units. Chn n v xc nh modul n hi. o Elastic Modulus. t gi tr cho modul n hi. o Poisson's Ratio. t h s Poisson (khng th nguyn). o Thermal Expansion Coefficient . t h s gin n nhit cho vt liu bulon. Library. Chn mt vt liu t th vin vt liu. o Select Material. Click nt ny m hp thoi Material v chn mt vt liu t mt th vin.Tn ca vt liu c chn xut hin cnh Material.
Lu : Chng trnh khng duy tr lin kt n th vin ny. N ch cho php c cc thuc tnh vt liu khi bn chn. Nu sau ny bn sa i th vin ny, nhng thay i s khng cp nht cho bulon. Preload (Ti c trc, lc cng bu-lng c t trc) Units. Chn h n v xc nh d lc cho bulon.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Axial. Dng ty chn ny nu bn bit ti dc trc ca bulon. Ta thng ch bit lc xit hn l lc ko bulon. Torque. Dng ty chn ny nu bn bit lc xit bulon. Torque Factor (K). Chng trnh dng h s ny tnh lc ko khi cho lc xit.
Vi bulon c cu, lc xit tc dng ln cuF = T/(K*D) Vi bulon khng c cu, lc xit tc dng ln m bulonF = T/(K*D*1.2) Bn c th cn xc nh mt iu kin tip xc trnh s giao nhau nh hnh minh ha di. y F l lc dc trc bu-lng, T l lc xit cht, K l h s xit cht v D l ng knh danh ngha ca ren.
Hn tip xc (Spot Welds)

Hn tip xc (hn chm, hn im) Spot Welds l phng php hn hai hoc nhiu tm kim loi mng ghp chng ln nhau m khng dng bt c vt liu no khc in vo mi hn. Cc mi hn tip xc ny c dng rt rng ri trong cng nghip sn xut xe hi v cc lnh vc tng t. Hn tip xc rt hiu qu i vi cc tm kim loi mng c chiu dy ti 3mm. Nu cc tm kim loi ny c chiu dy khc nhau th t l chnh lch khng c qu 3 ln. bn ca mi hn ph thuc vo ng knh mi hn v chiu dy ca cc tm kim loi. Cc tm kim loi c hn vi nhau nh mt p lc cc b v lm nng bng cc in cc nhn hp kim ng. Cc in cc ny cp mt nng lng thch hp vt liu ca cc tm kim loi b nng chy v ha ln vo nhau.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Sau khi cc in cc ri ra, vt liu nng chy ng c li, to thnh mt im hn nh hnh minh ha di.
Hn tip xc lm vic tt vi thp carbon thp. Mi hn tip xc ca thp hp kim carbon cao c khuynh hng b gin v d nt gy. Cc tm nhm mng cng c th hn tip xc do im nng chy ca n thp hn ng. Bn c th xc nh cc im hn hn hai b mt solid hoc hai b mt shell. Bn cng c th xc nh iu kin tip xc No penetration Lu : Hn tip xc ch kh dng vi cc nghin cu tnh, n nh v cng hng. Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt hn tip xc Spot welds: gia cc b mt ny m phng c thch ng. Spot weld first face. Chn mt b mt solid hoc shell th nht. Spot weld second face. Chn mt b mt solid hoc shell th hai ca mt chi tit my khc. Spot weld locations. Chn cc nh hoc im tham chiu. Cc im tham chiu ny c chiu ln cc b mt xc nh v tr tm cc chm hn. Spot weld diameter. ng knh chm hn t 3 n 12.5 mm.
Xc nh mt mi hn tip xc: 1. To cc im tham chiu nu cn. 2. Right-click th mc Load/Restraint v chn Connectors. Bng thuc tnh Connectors xut hin. 3. T trnh n th xung Type, chn Spot welds. 4. Trong Spot weld first face, chn mt b mt shell hoc solid.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
5. Trong Spot weld second face, nu bn chn mt b mt shell bc 4, hy chn mt b mt shell khc; nu bn chn mt b mt solid bc 4, hy chn mt b mt solid ca thnh phn khc. 6. Trong Spot weld locations, chn cc nh hoc im tham chiu. Cc im tham chiu ny c chiu ln cc b mt xc nh v tr tm cc chm hn. Lu : Chng trnh s c thng bo nu chiu dy tng ca m hnh ti ch hn khng thch hp vi my hn. 7. Trong hp Spot weld diameter, chn mt n v v nhp gi tr ng knh mi hn. 8. Click OK.
Connector - Link
Kt ni Link lin kt hai v tr bt k trn m hnh bng mt thanh cng hai u c khp bn l. Khong cch gia hai v tr ny s gi khng i trong qu trnh bin dng. Kt ni Link kh dng cho cc nghin cu tnh, n nh v cng hng. Bn xc nh tng v tr cho kt ni bng cch xc nh cc nh hoc im tham chiu. Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt Link: Vertex or point for the first location . Chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu lm v tr lin kt th nht. Vertex or point for the second location . Chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu lm v tr lin kt th hai.
Lu : Bn ch c th chn mt v tr cho mi hp la chn. Di y l nhng gii hn cn tun th khi dng kt ni link: Lin kt ny khng kh dng cho cc m hnh shell. Khng cho php c chuyn v quay ln.
To mt kt ni link: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Load/RestraintConnectors. Bng thuc tnh Connectors xut hin. 2. T trnh n th xung Type, chn Link. 3. Trong hp Vertex or point for first location, chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu. 4. Trong hp Vertex or point for second location, chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu khc. 5. Click OK.
Cc phn tch nhit

C ba c ch truyn nhit l: Dn nhit, i lu v Bc x. Qu trnh phn tch nhit s tnh ton s phn b nhit trong mt vt theo mt s hoc tt c cc c ch ny. Trong c ba c ch, nhit nng c truyn t ni c nhit cao hn n ni c nhit thp
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
hn. Truyn nhit bng dn nhit v i lu cn c vt trung gian cn bc x khng cn.
Dn nhit
Dn nhit l c ch truyn nhit m trong nhit nng c truyn t im ny n im khc thng qua s tng tc gia cc nguyn t hoc phn t vt cht. S dn nhit sy ra trong th rn, th lng v th kh. Trong c ch dn nhit khng c s chuyn dch ca cht ti nhit. Cc cht kh dn nhit do s va chm trc tip gia cc phn t chuyn ng v dn nhit ca chng thp so vi cc cht rn l do mt phn t long hn. S dn nhit trong cc cht lng tng t nh trong cc cht kh, ngoi tr trng thi phc tp hn ng k do cc phn t cht lng gn nhau hn rt nhiu v cc trng lc phn t c tc ng mnh hn trong qu trnh trao i nng lng khi va chm. Cc cht rn phi kim truyn nhit nh s rung ng ca mng phn t nhng khng c s chuyn dch vt cht vi t cch l cht ti nhit. Cc kim loi dn nhit tt hn cc phi kim nhit thng thng do chng c cc in t t do ti nhit. Truyn nhit bng dn nhit tun theo nh lut Fourier, nh lut ny pht biu rng nng lng c truyn do dn nhit Qconduction t l thun vi din tch truyn nhit (A) v gradient nhit (dT/dx), hoc: Qdn nhit = - K A (dT/dx) y, K l h s dn nhit, phn nh kh nng dn nhit ca vt liu. n v ca K l W/m.oC hoc (Btu/s)/in.oF. Vi lp phng nh hnh minh ha, nhit nng ca dn nhit c tnh bng: Qdn nhit = - K A ( THot - TCold )/L
S ph thuc nhit ca h s dn nhit (K)
Vi a sa s cc vt liu, K thay i theo nhit . N tng cng vi nhit trong cc cht kh ti p
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
sut thp, nhng c th tng hoc gim trong cc kim loi hoc cht lng. Bng di y cho thy h s dn nhit (W/m. K) thay i theo nhit ( K) vi mt s vt liu:
i lu
i lu l kiu truyn nhit m trong , nhit c truyn gia mt b mt rn v dng cht lng (hoc kh) chy qua. i lu c hai yu t: Nng lng c truyn do chuyn ng ngu nhin ca cc phn t (khuch tn) v Nng lng c truyn do s chuyn ng v m ca dng chy (advection).
C ch i lu c th gii thch nh sau: khi lp cht lng tip xc vi b mt nng, n s nng ln, khin mt t trng gim xung (ti mt p sut khng i, t trng t l nghch vi nhit ) v lm lp cht lng ny ni ln. Phn cht lng lnh hn (nng hn) gn b mt s thay th phn cht lng nng v to thnh dng chuyn ng bn trong cht lng.
Nhit nng trao i gia cht lng c nhit Tfv b mtrn din tch A c nhit Tstun theo nh lutNewton c th vit nh sau:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Qi lu = h A (Ts - Tf) y, h l h s truyn nhit bng i lu. n v ca h l W/m2.K hocBtu/s.in2.F. H s truyn nhit i lu h ph thuc vo s chuyn ng ca cht lng, hnh dng v cc thuc tnh vt l, nhit ng. Ni chung, c hai kiu truyn nhit i lu: i lu t nhin (t do) Chuyn ng ca cht lng st b mt rn l do lc y gy nn bi s thay i t trng ca cht lng do chnh lch nhit gia b mt rn v cht lng. Khi lp cht lng nng tch khi b mt rn i ln cht lng lnh i xung chim ch v nhn nhit, t trng ca n tng ln v v th, n li i ln.
i lu cng bc Mt tc nhn bn ngoi nh qut hoc bm c dng tng tc dng chy trn b mt rn. Chuyn ng nhanh ca phn cht lng trn b mt rn s lm tng chnh lch nhit v tng cng trao i nhit.
H s i lu nh lut Newton v trng thi lm lnh ni rng nhit nng trao i t mt b mt c nhit Ts n dng chy bn trong cht lng c nhit Tf c cho bi phng trnh:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Qi lu = h A (Ts - Tf) y, h s trao i nhit i lu h c n v W/m2.KhocBtu/s.in2.F. H s h khng phi l mt thuc tnh nhit ng. H s h thun ty ch lin quan n trng thi cht lng v cc iu kin dng chy, do vy, n thng c gi l thuc tnh dng chy. i lu c gn vi khi nim ca mt lp bin nh l mt lp mng chuyn tip gia mt b mt c coi l nm st vi cc phn t khng chuyn ng v dng cht lng. iu ny c minh ha nh sau:
y, u(x,y) l tc theo phng x. Vng bn di cnh ngoi ca lp cht lng, cnh ngoi c xc nh bng 99% tc dng chy t do, c gi l lp bin cht lng c chiu dy d(x). Mt hnh tng t cng c th dng m t s chuyn tip nhit t b mt rn n cht lng. Lu rng dy lp bin nhit khng nht thit phi bng dy lp bin tc . Cc thuc tnh ca cht lng to nn s Prandtl s quy nh dy tng i ca hai lp bin ny. Mt s Prandtl bng 1 c ngha l hai lp ny bng nhau.
C ch truyn nhit thc t qua lp bin ny l dn nhit, theo phng y, qua cht lng tnh st b mt rn, nhit lng dn nhit ny bng nhit lng i lu t lp bin vo cht lng. C th vit: h A (Ts - Tf) = - k A (dT/dy)s Do , h s i lu ca mt trng thi cho c th xc nh bng cch o nhit lng truyn qua v chnh lch nhit hoc bng cch o gradient nhit lp bin. o gradient nhit qua lp bin cn c chnh xc cao v ni chung ch thc hin c trong phng th nghim. Nhiu s tay k thut c bng tra h s truyn nhit i lu cho cc cu hnh khc nhau.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Bng di y cho thy mt s gi tr in hnh ca h s truyn nhit i lu:
Bc x Bc x nhit l nhit nng c pht ra t vt th di dng sng in t, do nhit ca n. Tt c cc vt th c nhit trn khng tuyt i (khng K) u pht ra nhit nng. Do sng in t truyn qua c chn khng, nn bc x khng cn vt trung gian. Hnh minh ha sau y cho thy gii bc sng ca bc x nhit so vi cc bc x khc (tia X, tia gamma, tia v tr, v.v):
Nhit nng ca Mt tri i ti Tri t l nh bc x. Do sng in t di chuyn vi tc nh sng, nn bc x l c ch truyn nhit nhanh nht.
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Cc nh ngha c bn v bc x Di y l cc tn gi chung, c dng trong lnh vc bc x nhit v cc nh ngha ca chng. Vt en: Vt bc x l tng, pht ra v hp th bc x ti a ti mi nhit v bc sng. Mt v d ca vt en l mt l h nh ca mt hc nng. ri (Irradiation): Mc bc x i ti b mt theo mi hng, tnh trn n v din tch. bc x (Radiosity): Mc bc x i ra khi b mt theo mi hng, tnh trn n v din tch. Hp th ( Phn bc x b b mt hp th. ): Phn x (): Phn bc x b b mt phn x. Phn x ca vt en bng khng. Xuyn qua (Transmissivity - Phn bc x xuyn thu qua b mt. COSMOSWorks gi thit ): rng s xuyn qua ca bc x. Tng quan gia hp th, phn x v xuyn qua ca mt b mt:
Cng sut pht x (E): Mc bc x pht ra t b mt theo mi hng tnh trn n v din tch, n v ca E l W/m^2. H s bc x ( T l gia cng sut pht x ca mt b mt so vi cng sut pht x ): ca vt en ti cng nhit ,
y. Eb l cng sut pht x ca vt en ti cng nhit . H s bc x ca mt b mt l hm ca nhit .
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann pht biu rng tng cng sut pht x ca vt en, Eb, c cho bi:
y, l hng s Stefan-Boltzmann v T l nhit tuyt i ca vt en. Gi tr ca hng s Stefan-Boltzmann bng 5.67x10-8 W/m^2 K^4 hoc 3.3063 x 10-15 Btu/s.in^2.F^4. S thay i ph bc x vt en c m t bi phn b Planck. Tch phn ca nh lut phn b Planck trn tt c cc bc sng () s c nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann. Khi mt vt en c b mt din tch (A) t trong mi trng c nhit Ta, nng lng bc x nhit ca vt en c xc nh bi:
y: Ts = Nhit tuyt i ca vt en Ta = Nhit tuyt i ca mi trng Pht x t cc b mt thc nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann i vi s trao i nhit bng bc x gia cc vt en v mi trng c th hiu chnh dng cho cc b mt thc. Vi cc b mt khng phi l vt en, cng ph bc x khng tun theo phn b Planck. nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann c hiu chnh cho vt khng en (vt xm) thnh:
y, l h s pht x ca b mt bc x, c xc nh bng t l gia cng sut pht x ca b mt xm ny v cng sut pht x ca vt en ti cng nhit . Cc vt liu c gi tr h s pht x trong khong gia 0 v 1.0. Mt vt en d nhin c h s pht x bng 1 v mt vt phn x ton phn c h s pht x bng khng. H s pht x l mt thuc tnh ca vt liu, vn ph thuc vo nhit v bng b mt. Bng di y lit k cc gi tr h s pht x ca mt s vt liu:
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
Bc x gia cc b mt Phng trnh c cp mc trc i vi mc trao i nhit bc x gia mt vt xm vi mi trng c gi thit rng vt bc x nm trong mt vt en ln bao quanh (m t mi trng). Do , tt c nng lng pht ra t vt bc x c gi thit rng u c mi trng hp th ht. Trong trng hp c hai vt bc x trao i nng lng, cn a vo h s bc x biu kin (F). H s bc x biu kin ca mt b mt i ln b mt j l t l nng lng bc x t b mt i trc tip chiu ti b mt j trn tng nng lng pht ra t b mt i. Vi nh ngha ny, s trao i
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*O CHI LNG-DCL*
nhit bc x thc gia mt b mt c din tch Ai v nhit Ti vi mt b mt c din tch Aj v nhit Tj l nh sau: Qbc x = i Ai Fij ( Ti4 - Tj4) y, Fij l h s biu kin ca b mt i i vi b mt j v i l h s bc x ca b mt i. Cc h s bc x biu kin (nhn thy) Cc h s biu kin, cn gi l cc h s hnh dng, c vai tr trc tip trong trao i nhit bc x. H s biu kin Fij gia hai din tch nh Ai v Aj c xc nh bng phn bc x pht ra t Ai m b chn bi din tch Aj. Ni cch khc, Fij cho bit Ai nhn thy Aj nh th no. H s biu kin Fij ph thuc vo hng ca cc din tch nh Ai v Aj cng nh khong cch gia chng.
Vi hai b mt v cng nh dAi v dAj , h s biu kin dFij bng:
y, i v j l cc gc gia php tuyn cc b mt vi on thng Rij ni hai din tch ny. Nu hai din tch ny l hu hn, h s biu kin c tnh:
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T phng trnh trn, lun lun c quan h:
Ai.Fij = Aj.Fji Trong khi nhiu cun sch truyn nhit cung cp cc h s biu kin cho nhng din tch c hnh dng n gin, th vic tnh ton h s biu kin cho nhng bi ton thc t li i hi rt nhiu n lc, ngay c vi nhng my tnh mnh. Khi cn tnh ton h s biu kin gia hai b mt A v B, COSMOSWorks coi mi b mt gm c nhiu din tch nh, c xc nh bi cc b mt ca phn t hu hn. Sau , n tnh h s biu kin cho tng b mt phn t i vi mi b mt ca cc phn t khc. Cc h s biu kin gia cc b mt phn t trn cng mt b mt hnh hc cng c a vo cc tnh ton ny. Mt b mt lm vi mt li thch hp c th t bc x. Cc b mt phng v li khng th t bc x. Cc vn ny c phn mm t ng gii quyt.
Vt cn Bc x gia hai b mt phn t c th b cn bi mt b mt phn t th ba. Trong trng hp ny, h s biu kin bng khng. COSMOSWorks t ng xem xt cc vt cn gia cc b mt xc nh nh hnh minh ha. Vi s quan tm thch hp i vi cc vt cn, bn phi la chn cc b mt tham gia bc x. Trong v d di, cc b mt 3 v 4 che mt phn bc x gia cc b mt 1 v 2. S c kt qu sai nu bn ch chn cc b mt 1, 2 v 3.
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Tin hnh phn tch nhit

1. To mt nghin cu nhit. Right-click biu tng trn cng ca COSMOSWorks Manager v chn Study truy cp hp thoi Study. Xc nh cc thuc tnh ca nghin cu v chn kiu nghin cu (tc thi hoc cn bng), tng tc vi COSMOSFloWorks v gii thut. 2. Xc nh vt liu cho tng solid v shell. xc nh mt vt liu cho tng solid hoc shell, right-click biu tng ca n v chn Define/Edit Material. Bn phi xc nh h s dn nhit (KX) cho cc nghin cu cn bng nhit. Khi lng ring (DENS) nhit dung ring (C) cng c th cn cho cc nghin cu nhit tc thi. Xc nh cc thuc tnh ph thuc nhit nu thch hp. 3. Xc nh cc nhit ti v rng buc. Bn c th xc nh cc nhit , s i lu, dng nhit, cng sut nhit v bc x. Vi cc nghin cu tc thi, bn cn xc nh cc nhit ti v rng buc nh l hm ca thi gian. Lu : Bn c th n nh nhit cho cc b mt, cc cnh v cc nh, xc nh nhit nng nh dng nhit hoc cng sut nhit. i lu v bc x c dng nh nhng iu kin bin. Khi xc nh s i lu, bn cn nhp h s i lu v nhit bin ca cht lng hoc kh. Tng t, vi bc x, bn cng cn xc nh h s pht x v nhit mi trng. Hng s Stefan-Boltzmann s c COSMOSWorks t ng tnh ton. 4. Vi cc nghin cu nhit tc thi, bn c th thit lp mt b n nh nhit . 5. Vi cc t hp hoc m hnh a khi, hy m bo rng xc nh cc iu kin tip xc thch hp. Cc iu kin tip xc ny s tc ng n dng nhit i qua cc din tch tip xc. Bn c th xc nh nhit tr tip xc gia cc b mt tip xc. 6. To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu. Trc khi chy nghin cu, bn c th dng cc ty chn kt qu yu cu t ng to ra cc biu . Lu : Nu bn chy mt nghin cu trc khi to li cho m hnh, chng trnh s t ng to li trc khi chy nghin cu. Bn cng c th yu cu chy nghin cu bng cch kim Run analysis after meshing trong bng thuc tnh to li. 7. Xem cc kt qu: thy biu trong th mc Thermal, double-click biu tng ca n. to mt biu mi, right-click th mc Thermal v chn Define.
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Vi cc nghin cu tc thi, bn c th to biu nhit ti cc v tr c chn trong hp thoi Probe. D to bo co, right-click th mc Report v chn Define. Bn c th to biu nhit , gradient nhit v dng nhit.
Cc kiu phn tch trao i nhit C hai kiu phn tch trao i nhit da trn s quan tm vo yu t thi gian. Phn tch trng thi n nh nhit. Trong kiu phn tch ny, ta ch quan tm cc iu kin nhit ca vt th khi t ti trng thi cn bng nhit m khng quan tm ti thi gian t c trng thi ny. Ti trng thi cn bng nhit, nhit lng i vo mi im trn m hnh ng bng nhit bng nhit lng i ra khi n. Ni chung, ch cn thuc tnh vt liu, vn cn cho cc phn tch cn bng nhit, l dn nhit. Phn tch nhit tc thi. Trong kiu nghin cu ny, ta mun bit cc trng thi nhit ca m hnh vi t cch l hm ca thi gian. V d, ngi thit k phch nc nng bit rng nhit nc trong phch cui cng ri cng s bng nhit trong phng (trng thi cn bng), nhng anh hoc ch ta cn mun bit nhit nc trong phch nh l hm ca thi gian (s thay i nh th no theo thi gian). Khi xc nh cc thuc tnh vt liu cho nghin cu nhit tc thi, bn cn xc nh h s dn nhit. Ngoi ra, bn cn cn xc nh cc nhit ban u, Khong thi gian cn tnh ton v gia s (bc) thi gian.
Vi cc nghin cu tc thi ny, bn c th kt hp cc iu kin v dng nhit v cng sut cng vi b n nhit xc nh trong mt khong nhit ti v tr xc nh. Vi tng bc thi gian, chng trnh s tt hoc bt cc iu kin cng sut v dng nhit trn c s nhit ti v tr ca b cm bin. B n nh nhit Vi cc nghin cu nhit tc thi, tt c cc cng sut v dng nhit n nh c th c kim sot bi mt c cu n nh nhit c xc nh bi mt phm vi nhit ti mt im. Vi mi bc gii, trng thi cc iu kin cng sut v dng nhit (tt/bt) s c quyt nh da trn nhit ti im ny c tnh ti bc gii trc. Bn c th dng nhiu b cm bin trong mt nghin cu. Nu gi tr ca cng sut nhit hoc dng nhit l dng, thit b s hot ng nh l b un nng v s c bt trong bc tip theo nu nhit ca cm bin bng hoc thp hn nhit gii hn di v ngc li. Nu gi tr ca cng sut nhit hoc dng nhit l m, thit b s hot ng nh l b lm lnh v s c bt trong bc tip theo nu nhit ca cm bin bng hoc cao hn nhit gii hn trn v ngc li. Nu b n nh nhit hot ng bnh thng, biu nhit theo thi gian ti v tr cm bin s giao ng nh hnh minh ha di, vi iu kin l bc gii c dng phi thch hp. Nu nhit giao ng vt qu phm vi cho php, hy sa i thuc tnh ca nghin cu dng mt bc thi gian nh hn v chy nghin cu li.
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Nu nhit ca im t cm bin ch trong hoc ngoi phm vi n nh (cc ng 1 v 2), th cm bin ny khng gi vai tr kim sot ngun nhit. Trong trng hp , hy thay i ngun nhit, cc ti nhit v rng buc khc hoc v tr ca cm bin.
Nu nhit ti v tr cm bin ch mt bn ca cc bin nhit vi dc nhng khng ct qua (cc ng 3 v 4), hy tng thi gian v chy nghin cu li. Cc kt qu phn tch nhit Theo mc nh, cc hng X, Y v Z xc nh theo h ta chung. Nu bn chn mt i tng tham chiu, nhng hng ny s theo i tng tham chiu c chn. Mt th mc Thermal c to trong COSMOSWorks Manager sau khi chy phn tch thnh cng. Th mc ny cho php bn to cc biu nhit , gradient nhit v dng nhit. TEMP = Nhit GRADX = Gradient nhit theo phng X ca i tng tham chiu c chn GRADY = Gradient nhit theo phng Y ca i tng tham chiu c chn GRADZ = Gradient nhit theo phng Z ca i tng tham chiu c chn GRADN = Gradient nhit tng hp HFLUXX = Dng nhit theo X ca i tng tham chiu c chn
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HFLUXY = Dng nhit theo X ca i tng tham chiu c chn HFLUXZ = Dng nhit theo X ca i tng tham chiu c chn HFLUXN = Dng nhit tng hp
y: GRADN = [(GRADX)^2 + (GRADY)^2 + (GRADZ)^2]^(1/2) HFLUXN = [(HFLUXX)^2 + (HFLUXY)^2 + (HFLUXZ)^2]^(1/2)
Cc ti v rng buc nhit

Cc ti v rng buc nhit, tr nhit cng c s dng trong cc nghin cu cu trc, ch l nhng tc nhn nh hng i vi cc nghin cu nhit. Vi nhng nghin cu cn bng nhit vi mt ngun nhit, cn phi xc nh mt c ch ta nhit. Nu khng, qu trnh phn tch s dng do nhit s tng ln v hn. Cc nghin cu nhit tc thi ch phn tch theo mt chu k tng i ngn, v vy khng i hi c c ch ta nhit. n nh nhit Nhit ca mt vt c n nh s khng i theo thi gian. Ty vo cc nhit ti v rng buc nhit, m hnh c n nh nhit c th mt nhit hoc nhn nhit. Nhit n nh c th p dng cho cc nh, cc cnh, cc b mt v cc thnh phn. n nh nhit : 1. Lm mt trong nhng thao tc sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintTemperature. -hocClick COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraint, Temperature -hocClick Temperature trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Temperature xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, chn cc i tng bn mun t nhit n nh. 3. Di Temperature, lm nh sau: a. t n v Units bn mun dng nhp gi tr nhit . b. t gi tr nhit thch hp cho Temperature . 4. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn hoc nhit tc thi,bn c th xc nh mt iu kin bin nhit ph thuc thi gian. Click Use Time CurveEdit xc nh hoc nhp mt ng cong thi gian. Nhit ti thi im bt k c tnh bng cch nhn gi tr nhit n nh vi gi tr Y ca ng cong thi gian. 5. Click OK . Thay i nhit n nh 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click nhit bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition. Bng
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thuc tnh Temperature xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK. i lu i lu l c ch truyn nhit gia mt b mtsolid v dng cht lng hoc kh i st b mt ny. N bao gm s kt hp ca cc hiu ng dn nhit v dng chy. Dng chy c vai tr ti nng lng nhit. Mt vt mt nng lng nhit qua mt b mt do i lu nu nhit b mt ny cao hn nhit cht ti nhit v nhn nng lng nhit nu nhit b mt ny thp hn nhit cht ti nhit. Xc nh mt iu kin bin i lu trong nghin cu nhit: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Convection. Hoc click Convection trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Thermal Loads. Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Convection. Bng thuc tnh Convection xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt cn xc nh iu kin bin i lu. Cc b mt c chn xut hin trong hp Selected Entities. 3. t h n v Units bn mun dng nhp gi tr cho h s i lu v nhit cht ti nhit. 4. Di Convection Coefficient, lm nh sau: a. Nhp mt gi tr cho h s i lu Convection Coefficient. b. Click Use Time Curve v click Edit xc nh hoc nhp mt ng cong thi gian v lin kt n vi h s i lu. Hoc click Use Temperature Curve v click Edit xc nh hoc nhp mt ng cong nhit v lin kt n vi h s i lu. 5. Di Bulk Temperature, lm nh sau: a. Nhp mt gi tr cho nhit cht ti nhit Bulk Temperature. b. Click Use Time Curve v click Edit lin kt nhit cht ti nhit vi mt ng cong nhit . 6. Click OK. Sa i iu kin bin i lu: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click iu kin bin i lu bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Convection xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK.
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Dng nhit t mc nhit lng truyn qua mt n v din tch ca mt b mt xc nh. Xc nh dng nhit: 1. Lm nh sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintHeat Flux Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Heat Flux Hoc click Heat Flux trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Thermal Loads. Bng thuc tnh Heat Flux xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt thch hp. 3. Di Heat Flux, lm nh sau: a. t h n v cho Units. b. Nhp mt gi tr cho Heat Flux theo h n v chn. c. xc nh mt cng dng nhit ph thuc thi gian, click Use Time Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong thi gian.Gi tr cng dng nhit ti thi im bt k c tnh bng cch nhn cng dng nhit xc nh vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong thi gian ny. Ty chn ny ch kh dng vi nghin cu nhit tc thi. d. xc nh mt cng dng nhit ty thuc nhit , click Use Temperature Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong nhit .Gi tr cng dng nhit ti nhit bt k c tnh bng cch nhn cng dng nhit xc nh vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong nhit ny. 4. kim sot iu kin bin dn nhit bi mt b n nh nhit , lm nh sau: a. Click Thermostat (Transient). b. Chn mt nh xc nh v tr b cm bin nhit . Chc chn rng click vo hp Sensor (select a vertex) trc khi chn mt im t b cm bin. Nu khng, nh va chn s xut hin trong hp Selected entities. c. Chn mt n v cho Lower bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr. d. Chn mt n v cho Upper bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr. 5.Click OK. Mt s th thut: trong mt nghin cu nhit hc v chn v click v chn: Nu bn c nhiu nghin cu, bn c th ko v th cc ti t nghin cu ny n nghin cu khc. Bn cng c th ko v th ton b th mc Load/Restraint. Bn c th thay i tn mc nh ca cc biu tng ti. iu ny gip bn nh du cc ti khc nhau c t vo m hnh.
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Bn c ty chn n hoc cho thy cc ti ring. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click tng biu tng ti v click Hide/Show. thay i mu ca k hiu dng nhit, click nt Color trong bng thuc tnh Heat Flux. Chn mu thch hp trong bng mu ri click OK. Chn cc i tng trong hp lit k s cc b mt t dng nhit.
Sa i dng nhit: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti dn nhit bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Heat Flux xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK. Cng sut nhit Cng sut nhit xc nh mc nhit nng sinh ra ti mt nh, cnh hoc b mt. Nu bn chn nhiu i tng, chng trnh s p dng gi tr xc nh ny cho tng i tng . Gi tr ny ca ngun nhit c th m hoc dng. Gi tr dng cho bit y l ngun nng v gi tr m cho bit y l ngun lnh (hp th nhit). Xc nh cng sut ngun nhit: 1. Lm nh sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintHeat Power. Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Heat power. Hoc click Heat Power trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Thermal Loads. Bng thuc tnh Heat Power xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, chn cc nh, cc cnh,cc b mt hoc cc thnh phn thch hp. 3. Di Heat Power, lm nh sau: a. t h n v thch hp cho Units. b. Nhp mt gi tr cho Heat power theo h n v chn. c. xc nh cng sut nhit ph thuc thi gian, click Use Time Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong thi gian. Gi tr cng sut ti thi im bt k c tnh bng gi tr cng sut xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong thi gian. d. xc nh mt cng sut ph thuc nhit , click Use Temperature Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong nhit . Gi tr cng sut ti nhit bt k c tnh bng gi tr cng sut xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong nhit . 4. kim sot cng sut bng mt b n nh nhit , lm nh sau: a. Click Thermostat (Transient). b. Click vo trng Sensor v chn mt nh t cm bin nhit .
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Chc chn rng click vo hp Sensor (select a vertex) trc khi chn mt im t b cm bin. Nu khng, nh va chn s xut hin trong hp Selected entities. c. Chn mt n v cho Lower bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr. d. Chn mt n v cho Upper bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr. 5. Click OK . Sa i cng sut nhit: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click cng sut nhit bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Heat Power xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK.
Bc x
Tt c cc vt c nhit khc khng tuyt i u pht ra nng lng di dng bc x nhit. Xc nh b mt bc x: 1. Lm nh sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintRadiation. Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Radiation. Hoc click cng c Radiation trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Thermal Loads. Bng thuc tnh Radiation xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Surface to ambient. 3. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt thch hp. 4. Di Radiation parameters, lm nhp gi tr cho nhit mi trng Ambient Temperature. v chn: lin kt mt ng cong thi gian vi nhit mi trng, click Use Time Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong thi gian. Gi tr nhit mi trng ti thi im bt k c tnh bng gi tr nhit mi trng xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong thi gian. Ty chn ny ch kh dng vi cc nghin cu nhit tc thi. t h s bc x[1] Emissivity. lin kt mt ng cong nhit vi h s bc x, click Use Temperature Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong nhit . Gi tr h s bc x ti nhit bt k c tnh bng gi tr h s bc x xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong nhit .
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t View Factor.
5. Click OK. Xc nh bc x b mt n b mt: 1. Lm nh sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintRadiation. Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Radiation. Hoc click cng c Radiation trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Radiation xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Surface to surface. 3. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt thch hp. 4. xem xt s bc x ra mi trng i vi bc x b mt n b mt, click Open system, chn mt h n v v nhp nghin cu mi trng Ambient Temperature. lin kt mt ng cong thi gian vi nhit mi trng, click Use Time Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong thi gian. Gi tr nhit mi trng ti thi im bt k c tnh bng gi tr nhit mi trng xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong thi gian. Ty chn ny ch kh dng vi cc nghin cu nhit tc thi. 5. t h s bc x Emissivity . lin kt mt ng cong nhit vi h s bc x, click Use Temperature Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong nhit . Gi tr h s bc x ti nhit bt k c tnh bng gi tr h s bc x xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong nhit . 6. Click OK. Sa i bc x nhit: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti bc x bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Radiation xut hin. 2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit. 3. Click OK.
[1] H s bc x ph thuc vo vt liu, mu sc v bng b mt. Vt en tuyt i c h s bc x bng 1, vt phn x tuyt i c h s bc x bng khng. Cc vt liu thng thng c h s bc x trong khong t 0 n 1.
Phn tch ng sut tnh ca mt chi tit my Static (Stress) Analysis of a Part
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Trong bi ny, bn s nm c nhng vn sau: Gn vt liu cho chi tit my bng SolidWorks Materials Editor To mt nghin cu tnh hc Rng buc chi tit my v t ti p sut Thit lp cc ty chn li v to li cho chi tit my Chy nghin cu Xem cc kt qu c bn ca nghin cu tnh hc
Gi ny lm bng thp hp kim, c c nh ti hai l bt bulon v chu mt lc 1000 psi nh minh ha. Bn m ti liu t th mc ci COSMOSWorks\Examples\Tutor1.sldprt. Cng c th xy dng mt m hnh tng ng. I. Gn vt liu Alloy Steel t th vin vt liu ca SolidWorks: 1. Click Edit Material trn thanh SolidWorks Standard. Bng thuc tnh Materials Editor xut hin. 2. Di Materials: a. Chn SolidWorks Materials t trnh n th xung b. Click du cng cnh Steel v chn Alloy Steel. Cc tnh cht ca Alloy Steel xut hin trong hp Physical Properties. 3. Click OK. Tn ca vt liu ny xut hin trong cy FeatureManager. II. To mt nghin cu tnh: 1. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager. 2. Click Study trn thanh cng c chnh ca COSMOSWorks.
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3. Trong bng thuc tnh, di Name: a. G Static-1. b. Chn Solid mesh trong Mesh type (li solid). 4. Di Type, click Static (nghin cu tnh hc).
5. Click OK. COSMOSWorks to ra nghin cu ny trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager. Lu : du kim cnh icon Solids cho bit bn gn vt liu. III. C nh hai l: 1. Click Restraints trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. (Thit lp cc rng buc gip c nh m hnh di tc ng ca ngoi lc). 2. Di Type, chn Immovable (No Translation). (Kiu rng buc ny khng cho php i tng c chn c th dch chuyn). 3. Trong vng ha, click cc b mt trong ca hai l nh minh ha. Face<1> v Face<2> xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint.
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4. Click OK. COSMOSWorks c nh cc b mt c chn ca hai l v to mt biu tng Restraint-1 trong th mc Load/Restraint ca cy COSMOSWorks Manager. IV. t p lc: 1. Click Pressure trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. Thao tc ny thit lp mt p lc ln b mt c chn. 2. Di Pressure Type, click Normal to selected face. (t p lc vung gc vi mt c chn). 3. Trong vng ha, chn mt trc ca khi tr nh minh ha. Face<1> xut hin trong hp Faces for Pressure.
4. Di Pressure Value, t Units l English (IPS) ri g 1000 vo hp Pressure value. Nu bn thay i n v sau khi np gi tr, COSMOSWorks s chuyn i gi tr ny sang n v mi. 5. Click OK. COSMOSWorks t mt p lc 1000 psi v to mt biu tng Pressure-1 trong th mc trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager. V. Thit lp cc ty chn li: (Phn ny trnh by rt k trong L Thuyt CW ri, ti khng nhc li na) 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Tutor1 trn nh cy v chn Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin. 2. Click nhn Mesh. 3. Di Mesh quality, chn High. 4. Di Mesher type, chn Standard.
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5. t Jacobian check l 4 Points. 6. Di Mesh control, hy Automatic transition v chn Smooth surface. 7. Di Automatic looping, hy Enable automatic looping for solids. 8. Click OK. COSMOSWorks s dng nhng ty chn ny to li. VI. To li cho chi tit v chy nghin cu: 1. Click Mesh trn thanh cng c chnh ca COSMOSWorks. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin vi cc gi tr Global Size v Tolerance mc nh. 2. Click OK. Vic to li bt u v ca s Mesh Progress xut hin. sau khi to li xong, COSMOSWorks hin th m hnh li.
3. Click Run trn thanh cng c chnh ca COSMOSWorks. Qu trnh phn tch din ra v cc biu mc nh c to trong cy COMSOSWorks Manager:
VII. Hin th thng tin li: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v chn Details. COSMOSWorks s hin th thng tin ca li ny. 2. ng hp Mesh Details li. VIII. n/hin li:
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Click Show/Hide Mesh trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Result Tools. COSMOSWorks s thay i ch hin th li. Sau khi chy phn tch thnh cng, COSMOSWorks s to ra cc th mc Stress, Displacement, Strain, Deformation v Design Check trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager. Nhng th mc ny c cha cc biu mc nh ca nghin cu tnh.
IX. Biu von Mises stresses: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng bn cnh th mc Stress. Plot1xut hin. 2. Double-click Plot1. Biu von Mises stress hin th:
Biu ng sut ny c to ra vi s bin dng ca m hnh di tc ng ca ngoi lc. lm r s bin dng ny, COSMOSWorks tng t l bin dng ti 10% ng cho ca hp bao m hnh. Trong trng hp ny, t l bin dng xp x 12 ln nh minh ha trn. xem biu ng sut theo h n v khc, right-click biu tng va biu v click Edit Definition. Trong hp Display, t Units theo h n v thch hp v click OK. Biu cc sc cng thnh phn tng ng: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng cnh th mc Strain. Plot1 xut hin. 2. Double-click Plot1. Biu cc sc cng thnh phn tng ng hin th.
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Trnh thut Design Check s gip bn kim tra an ton ca thit k. X. Xem xt phn b h s an ton Factor of Safety (FOS) trong m hnh: 1. Click du cng cnh th mc Design Check. Biu tng Plot1 xut hin. 2. Double-click Plot1. Biu nh minh ha di xut hin:
XI. Biu cc vng nguy him trn chi tit my: 1. Click Design Check Wizard trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Result Tools. Bng thuc tnh Design Check xut hin.
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2. Trong hp Step 1 of 3, lm nh sau: a. t Criterion l Max von Mises stress, Design Goal tng ng xut hin. (Tiu chun kim tra l ng sut von Mises stress cc i). b. Click Next. 3. Trong hp Step 2 of 3, lm nh sau: a. Chn Yield strength di Set stress limit. Lu rng cc tnh cht n hi ca vt liu lm chi tit v ng sut von Mises c lit k trong . (Gii hn bn c dng nh gi l gii hn chy ca vt liu). b. Click Next. 4. Trong hp Step 3 of 3, click Areas below factor of safety v m bo rng 1 xut hin trong hp gi tr. Hp ny ghi h s an ton ca m hnh da trn ch tiu c chn. ( nhng vng c ng sut ln vt gii hn chy s hin th mu ). 5. Click OK ng bng thuc tnh Design Check. Cc vng c h s an ton di 1 (khng an ton) hin th vi mu . Cc vng c h s an ton cao hn l mu xanh l. nhn r cc vng nguy him, bn c th cn cho n cc k hiu rng buc v ti trng. Rightclick th mc Load/Restraint v chn Hide All. Double-click Plot2 di Design Check hin th li h s an ton.
Tin ch Report cn to ra cc bo co c th gi bng internet. XII. To mt bo co: 1. Click Report trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Result Tools. Hp thoi Report xut hin. 2. Trong hp Settings for,kim mc bn mun a vo bo co v nhp thng tin lin quan vo hp Preview. Bn c th du logo ca cng ty trong bo co ny.
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3. thay i ni dung mt mc, click Set. Hp thoi Set ca mc xut hin. 4. Nhp thng tin thch hp v click OK. 5. Lm li cc bc t 2-4 cho cc mc khc. 6. Trong Report file name, g Tutor1. 7. Kim Show report on OK, Automatically update all plots in JPEG files, v Print version. 8. Click OK. Bo co s hin th trong trnh duyt web mc nh ca bn. 9. ng ca s bo co, click OK. XIII. Lu m hnh SolidWorks v thng tin phn tch trong ti liu part: Click File, Save.
Rng buc i xng vi cc m hnh Solid v Shell

Trong hnh minh ha l mt bnh chu p trn xoay. Do tnh i xng trc, ta ch cn m phng mt mi 60. Tt nhin, ta cng c th m phng mt mi ln hn hoc nh hn 60.
Nu m phng c m hnh, khi phn tch, chng trnh s to mt li c rt nhiu phn t nh vi kch c xp x chiu dy thnh bnh. Vic tnh ton vi s lng phn t qu ln s chim rt nhiu ti nguyn ca my tnh v ko di thi gian tnh ton. Ngoi ra, iu ny c th lm ri lon chng trnh, gy treo my hoc a ra kt qu thiu chnh xc. Bi ny gii thiu mt s th thut c th gip gim dung lng tnh ton nhng vn cho kt qu ng tin cy: Ch phn tch mt vng i din ca m hnh solid, bng cch thit lp cc khng ch thch hp dng nh vn phn tch m hnh hon chnh.
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Do tnh cht v mng ca m hnh, ta s s dng chc nng to li shell v nng lc tnh ton cho v mng ca phn mm, kt hp vi cc thit lp khng ch thch hp phn tch mt phn khc in hnh ca m hnh. K thut ny gip gim khi lng tnh ton nhiu hn na, tt nhin vn m bo chnh xc cn thit.
Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch: t cc rng buc i xng cho m hnh solid M phng v mng bng cc surface t cc rng buc i xng cho m hnh shell
A. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li Solid I. To nghin cu: 1. M th mc ci t SW\Examples\pressurevessel. SLDPRT). 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager. 3. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li solid. 4. Gn vt liu Alloy Steel t th vin COSMOS Material cho m hnh. II. p dng cc khng ch i xng Bn s xc nh cc rng buc i xng trn nhng b mt i xng ca m hnh:
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. 2. t Type l Symmetry. 3. Click cng c Filter Faces trn thanh cng c Selection Filter.
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4. Trong vng ha, click hai b mt i xng nh hnh minh ha.
Face<1> v Face<2> xut hin trong hp Planar Faces for Restraint . 5. Click OK . III. t p sut bn trong Bn s t mt ni p 200 psi ln b mt trong ca bnh. 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v click Pressure. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. 2. Di Pressure Type, click Normal to selected face. 3. Trong vng ha, click ba b mt nh hnh minh ha:
4. Di Pressure Value, t Units l English (IPS) ri g 200 vo hp Pressure Value . 5. Click OK. IV. C nh m hnh Cc rng buc xc nh trn vn cha c nh m hnh theo phng dc trc. Bn cn phi c nh m hnh hon ton.
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1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. 2. t Type l Fixed. 3. Trong vng ha, click nh nh hnh minh ha di:
Vertex<1> xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint. 4. Click OK. V. To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Click Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c kch hot. 3. Lm nh sau: a. Chn: High, Standard, 4 Points, Automatic transition, v Smooth surface. (Trong bi trc, Automatic transition b hy kim). b. Hy Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. 4. Chn Run analysis after meshing chy nghin cu ngay sau khi to xong li. 5. Click OK xc nhn mc nh Global Size v Tolerance. VI. Xem ng sut tng ng 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng cnh th mc Stress. Plot1 xut hin. 2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Biu ng sut von Mises hin th. 3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 4. Trong hp Display, t Units l psi. Click Defined di Deformed Shape v g 1 cho Scale Factor. 5. Click OK . Biu ng sut tng ng (von Mises) hin th:
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B. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li Shell (Tip theo bi trn)

By gi, bn s dng ty chn Shell mesh using surfaces gii bi ny. Dng ty chn ny, bn s chn cc b mt to li shell v xc nh chiu dy. Cc b mt c chn s c dng lm mt trung ha ca v mng. Bn c th chn cc b mt trong hoc ngoi to cc shell cho cc m hnh mng u c (v sai s ch l chiu dy). Trong bi ny, cc shell c to t cc b mt trong. Do vy, bnh m phng s hi nh hn thc t mt cht, ng sut v th cng s hi nh hn. Cc kt qu ny s c so snh vi cc kt qu ca m hnh chnh xc cui bi. I. To nghin cu 1. To mt nghin cu tnh. Chn Shell mesh using surfaces di Mesh type. 2. Xc nh cc shell ca m hnh nh sau: a. Right-click Shells v chn Define By Selected Surfaces. Bng thuc tnh Shell Definition xut hin. b. Di Type, click Thin. c. Trong vng ha, chn ba b mt nh hnh minh ha. d. t n v l in ri g 0.5 vo Shell thickness. 3. Click OK. COSMOSWorks to mt shell trong th mc Shells. 4. Gn vt liu Alloy Steel cho shell nh sau: a. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Shells v chn Apply Material to All. b. Trong hp thoi, chn Material, chn Alloy Steel t th vin COSMOS Materials v click OK.
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II. t cc rng buc i xng cho cc cnh Shell Do cc phn t shell c cc bc t do di chuyn v quay, bn cn rng buc cc cnh ca shell chng khng c quay quanh trc v bn knh, cng khng c di chuyn theo phng tip tuyn. Trong hnh minh ha, mi tn n l dch chuyn, cc mi tn kp l nhng chuyn ng quay, chng cn c khng ch. Nu cnh shell quay quanh trc: gc mi (60 ) s b thay i. Nu cnh shell quay quanh bn knh: ng sinh s b xin v to ra mt yn nga. Nu cnh shell di chuyn theo phng tip tuyn: v s b lch tm.
1. To mt trc tm trng vi tm tr. 2. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. 3. t Type l Using reference geometry. 4. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint ri chn cc cnh ca shell nh hnh minh ha. Su cnh ny xut hin trong hp danh sch. Chc chn rng chn ng cc cnh ca b mt trong ca m hnh, l nhng b mt to ra shell.
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5. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction, ri click Axis1 trn cy FeatureManager bay ra. Axis1 xut hin trong hp ny. 6. Di Translations, click Circumferential v chc chn rng gi tr bng 0. 7. Click OK. III. t p sut ln cc shell Bn s t p sut vung gc ln cc shell ny. 1.Trn COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v click Pressure. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. 2.Di Pressure Type, click Normal to selected face. 3.Trong vng ha, click ba b mt nh hnh minh ha:
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4.Di Pressure Value, t Units l English (IPS) ri g 200 vo hp gi tr Pressure Value. 5.Click OK. IV. C nh m hnh shell Cng nh lm vi m hnh solid, bn s c nh mt nh trn m hnh shell ngn chuyn ng dc trc. 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/RestraintRestraints. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. v chn 2. t Type l Fixed. 3. Trong vng ha, click nh trn nh hnh minh ha.
Vertex<1> xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint. 4. Click OK. Chy nghin cu Shell To li m hnh vi c phn t v dung sai mc nh. Chy nghin cu shell. Xem cc ng sut tng ng ca cc b mt shell pha ngoi (top):
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Xem cc ng sut tng ng ca cc b mt shell pha trong (bottom):
Khi xem cc kt qu ca m hnh shell, nh xem cc kt qu trn c b mt trong v mt ngoi (trn v di). So snh kt qu tnh ton ca cc kiu li khc nhau:
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Phn tch tnh hc mt t hp

Cm chi tit nh minh ha di:
Trong bi ny, bn s bit cch: S dng vt liu ca SolidWorks trong ng dng COSMOSWorks t lc trc tip Chn mt thnh phn trong t hp phn tch Lit k cc phn lc Ty bin mu sc cho biu To ra biu ct Dng cng c clipping kim sot biu ct Xc nh cc kt qu ti cc im bt k trn biu ct
To mt nghin cu tnh: 1. MCrank.SLDASM (th mc ci t\Examples\ Crank.SLDASM). 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager . 3. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tc Crank v click Study. 4. Trong Bng thuc tnh ny, di Name: a. G Static-2. b. Chn Solid mesh trong Mesh type. 5. Di Type, click Static.
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6. Click OK . COSMOSWorks to ra nghin cu trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager. Lu rng th mc Solids trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager cho thy vt liu c t ng gn cho cc chi tit my.
Xem cc thuc tnh vt liu ca mt thnh phn: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, m rng CrankPulley. Lu vt liu ca n (-[SW]Gray Cast Iron-). [SW] l ngun vt liu v Gray Cast Iron l tn ca vt liu ny. 2. Right-click Body 1 di CrankPulley v chn Apply/Edit Material. Hp thoi Material m ra. 3. Di Material Properties, chn English (IPS) cho Units thay h n v bn mun xem cc thuc tnh vt liu. COSMOSWorks hin th tn vt liu gn cho chi tit my trong hp Name v lit k cc tnh cht vt l trong bng. 4. Click OK. Bn s c nh mt ngoi ca pulley. C nh mt ngoi ca pulley: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v click Restraints. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. 2. Di Type, chn Immovable (No translation). 3. Trong vng ha, chn mt tr ngoi ca pulley nh minh ha. Face<1> xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint.
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4. Click OK . Bn s t lc 200 lb ln b mt ca bn p bn phi. t lc ln b mt ca bn p bn phi: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v click Force. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Apply force/moment. 3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force ri click b mt ca cht CrankArm nh minh ha. 4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction , ri chn Plane1 ca assembly t cy Feature Manager bay ra. 5. Di Under Units , chn English (IPS). 6. Di Force (Per entity): a. Click Along plane Dir 1. b. G 200 l cng lc. c. Chn Reverse direction. d. Hy Normal to plane . 7. Click OK . COSMOSWorks t mt lc 200 lb trn b mt c chn, xem minh ha:
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Theo mc nh, COSMOSWorks gi thit cc chi tit c gn cht vi nhau ti cc b mt tip xc. Kiu tip xc mc nh ny xut hin cnh biu tng Contact/Gaps l (-Global:Bonded-). To li cho t hp: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v chn Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. thit lp cc ty chn li, click Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin. 3. Lm nh sau: Chn High, Standard, 4 Points, v Smooth surface. Hy Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. Click OK.
4. Chn Run analysis after meshing. 5. Click OK xc nhn Global Size v Tolerance theo mc nh. Tin trnh to li bt u. Khi kt thc, phn tch s t ng chy.
Xem ng sut von Mises Stress:
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1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load\Restraint v click Hide All n cc k hiu ti v rng buc. 2. Click du cng cnh th mc Stress. Plot1 xut hin. 3. Double-click Plot1. Biu ng sut von Mises hin th. 4. Right-click biu tng Plot1 v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 5. Di Display, t Units l psi v click OK. Biu ng sut cho thy chi tit CrankPulley-1 c ng sut thp. sau y, bn s chn chi tit CrankPulley-1 ny li v chy li nghin cu.
Chn chi tit CrankPulley: 1. Click nhn FeatureManager. 2. Trong cy thit k FeatureManager, right-click CrankPulley<1> v chn Suppress. Mt thng ip xut hin hi bn c mun lu ti liu CrankPulley trc khi ng n li khng. Click Yes lu. 3. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager . Lu cnh bo trn cy COSMOS Manager. 4. Right-click Restraint-1 v chn What's Wrong xc nh vng cnh bo ri click Close. Restraint-1 c cnh bo v mt b mt b rng buc ca CrankPulley b mt. 5. Right-click Restraint-1 v chn Delete. Click Yes xc nhn. Cnh bo vn cn v li v cc biu cha c cp nht nhng thay i ny. T hp by gi ch cn nh minh ha:
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Bn s c nh mt b mt ca chi tit CrankArmAxle. C nh m hnh: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. 2. t Type l Immovable (No translation). 3. Trong vng ha, chn b mt nh minh ha di:
4. Click OK. Mt khi hnh dng m hnh c thay i, bn phi to li li. To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. Mt thng ip cnh bo rng to li li s xa b ton b cc kt qu trc . 2. Click OK. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 3. Chn Run analysis after meshing.
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4. Click OK. Xem ng sut von Mises: Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, double-click Plot1 trong th mc Stress. Biu ng sut xut hin. So vi biu trc thy c nhng thay i nh.
Bn s lit k cc phn lc trn m hnh. Lit k cc phn lc: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc DisplacementReaction Force. Hp Reaction Force xut hin. v chn 2. t Units l lb. 3. Trong vng ha, chn b mt ca CrankArmAxle nh minh ha di. 4. Click Update. Danh sch Reaction Force lit k cc phn lc trn b mt ny v trn ton b m hnh. Sum X l 200.00, Sum Y l 0.026786, v Sum Z l -0.0040349. Danh sch cho thy thnh phn X ca phn lc c cng bng nhng ngc hng vi ngoi lc. 5. Click Close.
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Bn s thay i ph mu sc ca biu ng sut theo s thch. Ty bin ph mu ca biu ng sut: 1. Right-click Plot1 trong th mc Stress v chn Chart Options. Bng thuc tnh Chart Options xut hin. 2. di Position/Format, click nh v biu legend sang bn tri ca s biu . 3. Di Color Options, lm nh sau: a. Chn User Defined t trnh n th xung. b. t No. of chart colors bng 3. c. t Base Color bng 3. d. Click hp mu tn cng bn phi (trc hp trng), chn mu t bng mu v click OK. Mu tn cng bn phi c dng cho gi tr ng sut ln nht. 4. Click OK . Biu ng sut c to li vi ph mu mi:
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To biu ng sut vi mu mc nh: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Stress v chn Define. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 2. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. Chc chn Component l VON: von Mises stress. b. t Units l psi. 3. Click OK. Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Stress v biu ny hin th trong vng ha. By gi, bn to mt biu mt ct ng sut von Mises. To mt biu mt ct: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Stress v chn Section Clipping. Bng thuc tnh Section xut hin. 2. Tch cy COSMOSWorks Manager hin thi cy FeatureManager. 3. cy FeatureManager, click Plane3. Plane3 xut hin trong hp chn di Section 1. 4. Di Options, hy Show section plane. 5. Click OK . Biu mt ct ng sut hin th nh minh ha.
Bn c th kim sot din mo Biu mt ct bng Settings PropertyManager. Kim sot biu mt ct: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Stress v chn Settings. Bng
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thuc tnh Settings xut hin. 2. Di Boundary options, chn None. 3. Di Deformed plot options: a. Chn Superimpose model on the deformed shape. b. Chc chn Translucent (Single color) c chn v di chuyn thanh trt n im gia. 4. Click OK . Biu mt ct hin th nh minh ha.
Bn s dng cng c Probe thm cc gi tr ng sut trn biu ct nh sau: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Stress v chn Probe. Hp danh mc Probe xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, click vo biu ct ti cc v tr khc nhau. Hp danh mc s lit k gi tr ng sut von Mises stress v ta tng ng ca cc im bn click theo h ta chung.
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3. Click Plot. Ca s biu Probe Result m ra. ng sut von Mises stress c v theo v tr bn thm (s ca im). Biu ny khng th hin khong cch thc gia cc im.
4. ng ca s biu li. 5. Click Close hp thoi Probe. 6. Lu ti liu. To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. Mt thng ip cnh bo rng to li li s xa b ton b cc kt qu trc . 2. Click OK. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 3. Chn Run analysis after meshing. 4. Click OK.
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Xem ng sut von Mises: Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, double-click Plot1 trong th mc Stress. Biu ng sut xut hin. So vi biu trc thy c nhng thay i nh.
Bn s lit k cc phn lc trn m hnh. Lit k cc phn lc: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc DisplacementReaction Force. Hp Reaction Force xut hin. v chn 2. t Units l lb. 3. Trong vng ha, chn b mt ca CrankArmAxle nh minh ha di. 4. Click Update. Danh sch Reaction Force lit k cc phn lc trn b mt ny v trn ton b m hnh. Sum X l 200.00, Sum Y l 0.026786, v Sum Z l -0.0040349. Danh sch cho thy thnh phn X ca phn lc c cng bng nhng ngc hng vi ngoi lc. 5. Click Close.
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Bn s thay i ph mu sc ca biu ng sut theo s thch. Ty bin ph mu ca biu ng sut: 1. Right-click Plot1 trong th mc Stress v chn Chart Options. Bng thuc tnh Chart Options xut hin. 2. di Position/Format, click nh v biu legend sang bn tri ca s biu . 3. Di Color Options, lm nh sau: a. Chn User Defined t trnh n th xung. b. t No. of chart colors bng 3. c. t Base Color bng 3. d. Click hp mu tn cng bn phi (trc hp trng), chn mu t bng mu v click OK. Mu tn cng bn phi c dng cho gi tr ng sut ln nht. 4. Click OK . Biu ng sut c to li vi ph mu mi:
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To biu ng sut vi mu mc nh: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Stress v chn Define. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 2. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. Chc chn Component l VON: von Mises stress. b. t Units l psi. 3. Click OK. Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Stress v biu ny hin th trong vng ha. By gi, bn to mt biu mt ct ng sut von Mises. To mt biu mt ct: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Stress v chn Section Clipping. Bng thuc tnh Section xut hin. 2. Tch cy COSMOSWorks Manager hin thi cy FeatureManager. 3. cy FeatureManager, click Plane3. Plane3 xut hin trong hp chn di Section 1. 4. Di Options, hy Show section plane. 5. Click OK . Biu mt ct ng sut hin th nh minh ha.
Bn c th kim sot din mo Biu mt ct bng Settings PropertyManager. Kim sot biu mt ct: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Stress v chn Settings. Bng
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thuc tnh Settings xut hin. 2. Di Boundary options, chn None. 3. Di Deformed plot options: a. Chn Superimpose model on the deformed shape. b. Chc chn Translucent (Single color) c chn v di chuyn thanh trt n im gia. 4. Click OK . Biu mt ct hin th nh minh ha.
Bn s dng cng c Probe thm cc gi tr ng sut trn biu ct nh sau: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Stress v chn Probe. Hp danh mc Probe xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, click vo biu ct ti cc v tr khc nhau. Hp danh mc s lit k gi tr ng sut von Mises stress v ta tng ng ca cc im bn click theo h ta chung.
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3. Click Plot. Ca s biu Probe Result m ra. ng sut von Mises stress c v theo v tr bn thm (s ca im). Biu ny khng th hin khong cch thc gia cc im.
4. ng ca s biu li. 5. Click Close hp thoi Probe. 6. Lu ti liu.
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Phn tch tip xc ca cm khp ni

Cm khp ni chu lc v rng buc nh minh ha. Bn s phn tch ng sut hng tm ca cht vi khp.
Do tnh cht i xng kp, bn ch cn phn tch m hnh. Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch:
Xc nh iu kin tip xc chung t cc rng buc i xng Xem cc ng sut ti cc cng nhn tho ri To biu ng sut tip xc Ty bin cc biu vector
To v xc nh mt nghin cu tnh 1. M th mc ci t SW\ Examples\ Contact\QuarterEyeBar.SLDASM). Bn cng c th
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xy dng 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager. 3. To mt nghin cu phn tch tnh hc vi li solid. Sa i cc thuc tnh, v d nh gii thut mc nh l FFEPlus. 4. Gn vt liu Alloy Steel t th vin ca COSMOS cho c hai chi tit. 5. t rng buc Symmetry trn 5 mt phng tip xc vi 2 mt i xng ca m hnh.
6. t rng buc Immovable ln mt ca cht. 7. t p sut 300 psi vung gc vi b mt nh minh ha. Chn Reverse direction lc hng ra ngoi.
Bn phi xc nh iu kin tip xc cc b gia cht v khp trc khi to li cho m hnh. Xc nh tip xc: 1. Tho ri t hp d chn cc b mt. 2. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Contact/Gaps v chn Define Contact Set. 3. Trong bng thuc tnh, di Type:
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a. Chn No penetration. b. Chn hai b mt ca khp cho Faces, Edges, Vertices for Source. c. Chn hai b mt ca cht cho Faces for Target.
4. Di Options, chn Node to surface. 5. Click OK. To li v chy nghin cu: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Click Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c chn. 3. Lm nh sau: a. Chn: High, Standard, 4 Points v Smooth surface. b. Hy: Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. 4. Kim Run analysis after meshing. 5. Click OK xc nhn cc gi tr mc nh ca Global Size v Tolerance. Li c to v phn tch c thc hin. Xem ng sut principal: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Stress. Plot1 xut hin.
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2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Biu ng sut mc nh von Mises hin th. 3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. t Component l P1: 1st principal stress. b. t Units l psi. 5. Click OK. Biu ng sut principal th nht hin th.
Xem ng sut principal trong cng nhn tho ri: 1. Tho ri t hp nh minh ha.
2. Nu cn, double-click biu tng Plot1 trong th mc Stress hin th ng sut principal th nht khi tho ri m hnh.
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3. Dng cng c Rotate View quan st m hnh cc gc khc nhau.
To biu p sut tip xc: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Stress v chn Define. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 2. Trong hp Display, t Component l CP: Contact pressure v Units l psi. 3. Click OK. Biu vector hin th nh minh ha.
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Ty bin hin th biu vector: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager tree, right-click biu tng biu p sut tip xc Vector Plot Options. Bng thuc tnh Vector Plot Options xut hin. 2. t mi tn Size n 1000 v click OK. 3. Dng cng c Zoom to Area phng to biu vector.
4. Lu ti liu. 5. Cc chi tit hn tip xc ca t 6.

Mi hn chm (cn gi l hn chp mch hoc hn tip xc) thng dng trong sn xut hng lot cc cu trc hn tm mng nh thn t. Trong bi ny, bn s dng mi hn chm lin kt trn v sn xe nh hnh minh ha. Trn xe chu lc vung gc cn cc sn xe c c nh di sn.
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7. 8.
Trong bi ny, bn cng hc cch xc nh mi hn chm. M ti liu Assembly: M COSMOSWorks\Examples \Car_Model.sldasm. Ti liu assembly ny c nghin cu Sample c xc nh vi cc tham s sau: Shell-1 v Shell-2 l cc b mt sn v trn xe. Cast Stainless Steel l vt liu t th vin COSMOS Materials c gn cho c hai shell ny. Mt khng ch Fixed c gn cho cc cnh y ca hai shell sn xe. Mt lc 250 lbs t trn xung tc ng ln trn xe. c thm thng tin v mi mc trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click mc v chn Details. nh ngha cc mi hn chm Bn s xc nh hai ng hn lin kt trn v mi sn xe. to thun li cho bn, hai tp hp im tham chiu c to sn dng cho vic xc nh cc mi hn. nh ngha cc ng hn chm: 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Load/RestraintConnectors. Bng thuc tnh Connectors xut hin. 2. t Type l Spot welds. 3. Trong vng ha, chn b mt mt sn xe nh hnh minh ha. B mt c chn xut hin trong hp Spot weld faces th nht.
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9. 10.
4. Click vo hp Spot weld faces khc ri click b mt ca trn trong vng ha. 5. Click vo hp Spot weld locations ri lm nh sau: a. Click du cng (+) cnh th mc Locations for Spot Weld 1 trong cy FeatureManager bay ra. b. Chn tt c cc im trong th mc ny. Cc im tham chiu xut hin trong Spot weld locations. c. Chn mm t trnh n n v ri g 3 cho hp Spot weld diameter. 6. Click Apply. COSMOSWorks s lin kt hai shell c chn theo ng hn chm c xc nh qua cc im tham chiu v xa tt c cc hp chn cho php bn nh ngha cc mi hn chm khc. 7. Vi kiu lin kt c chn ny, xc nh ng hn th hai lin kt trn vi sn xe cn li, nh hnh minh ha. Dng cc im trong th mc Locations for Spot Weld 2 tham chiu. Tt c cc im hn ny u c cng ng knh (3 mm).
11. 12.
8. Click OK. To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu:
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1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. 2. Trong bng thuc tnh, click Options. 3. Lm nh sau: a. Chn: High, Standard, 4 Points, Smooth surface v Automatic shell surface realignment. b. Hy Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. 4. Chn Run analysis after meshing. 5. Click OK. COSMOSWorks s to li v chy phn tch tnh. Khi phn tch xong, chng trnh s to ra cc th mc kt qu trong COSMOSWorks Manager. Xem kt qu phn tch 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Stress. Biu tng Plot1 (-vonMises-) xut hin. 2. Right-click biu tng Plot1 (-vonMises-) v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 3. t Units l psi. 4. Double-click biu tng Plot1 (-vonMises-). Biu ng sut von Mises hin th trong vng ha.
13. 14.
4. Lu cng vic ca bn v ng ti liu assembly.
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Phn tch tnh bng li hn hp

Bi ny hng dn bn phn tch tnh mt t hp dng cc phn t shell v solid trong cng mt nghin cu. Khi c ng thi c c 2 kiu phn t ny cng tn ti, bn c mt kiu li hn hp.
Khi to li phn tch, phn mm s cn c vo kch thc nh nht ca m hnh xc nh c ca cc phn t hu hn dng trong tnh ton: i vi m hnh khi c, li solid to ra cc phn t l nhng khi t din vi cc cnh c chiu di xp x nhau. i vi m hnh c nhng vch mng, nu vn dng li solid th s lng phn t hu hn tr nn rt ln, do phn mm ly chiu dy tm mng lm c s xc nh c phn t. Hu qu l khin cho qu trnh tnh ton ko di v chim dng nhiu ti nguyn h thng. V vy, vi nhng chi tit mng, nn chn kiu li shell, l loi li gm cc phn t tam gic phng vi s lng tng i t gim khi lng tnh ton. Vi nhng m hnh c c nhng phn c chiu dy ln v nhng phn khc c chiu dy nh, vic s dng m hnh li hn hp cho php to li kiu shell cho nhng phn m hnh mng v to li kiu solid cho nhng phn c ba kch thc tng ng. Th thut ny lm gim ng k s lng phn t, nh vy lm tng tc tnh ton ln nhiu ln, nhng vn m bo chnh xc cn thit cho cc kt qu.
Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch: To mt nghin cu vi li hn hp Ghp v mng vo B sung cc kt ni
M ti liu v to mt nghin cu: 1. M th mc ci t SW\Examples\MixedMesh-1.sldasm). Bn cng c th thit k 2 chi tit ny 2 part khc nhau ri a chng vo mi trng assembly thc hin bi tp. 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager trn nh panel. 3. To mt nghin cu tnh vi tn l MixedMesh.
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4. Trong bng thuc tnh, di Name, chn kiu li l Mixed mesh, ri click OK. 5. Right-click Study v chn Properties. 6. Trong hp thoi, di Solver, chn Direct sparse, ri click OK. nh ngha tm mng: 1. Right-click Shells trong COSMOSWorks Manager v chn Define by Selected Surfaces. 2. Trong bng thuc tnh, chn b mt nh hnh minh ha cho Selection (Face).
3. Chn n v l mm v g 5 cho Shell thickness. 4. Click OK. Gn vt liu, p lc v khng ch: 1. Right-click Solids, chn Apply Material to All v gn Ductile Iron t th mc Iron ca th vin vt liu cosmos materials. 2. Right-click Shells, chn Apply Material to All v gn cng vt liu ny cho tm mng. 3. t p lc 3 psi vung gc vi b mt nh hnh minh ha di:
4. Gn khng ch c nh Fixed cho mt tr ca 6 l. Gn cc kt ni:
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Mt kt ni s lin kt hai nh trn m hnh vi nhau bi mt thanh cng c khp bn l ti hai u. C th hnh dung nh y l mt ci "xch ng" c hai dy thp cng hai gc tm ngang vi hai gc cao ca tm ng. 1. Right-click Load/Restraint v chn Connectors. 2. Trong bng thuc tnh, di Type, chn Link. 3. Chn nh 1 nh hnh minh ha cho Vertex or point for first location. 4. Chn nh 2 nh minh ha cho Vertex or point for second location. Chc chn rng chn ng nh b mt trn ca tm mng. 5. Click Apply. 6. Chn nh 3 cho Vertex or point for first location. 7. Chn nh 4 cho Vertex or point for second location. 8. Click OK.
Xc nh v tr tip xc: Khi bn dng mt li hn hp, bn phi gn kt tm mng vi khi solid. 1. Tho bung t hp tm mng tch ri khi khi solid. (Trong assembly ny to sn cng nhn tho ri). 2. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Contact/Gaps v chn Define Contact Set. 3. Trong bng thuc tnh, chn Bonded trong Type. 4. Chn cnh ca tm mng cho Faces, Edges, Vertices for Source. 5. Chn b mt hp di ca solid cho Faces for Target. 6. Click OK.
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Hy tr li cng nhn lp rp li bnh thng ca assembly. To li v chy nghin cu: 1. Right-click Mesh v chn Create. 2. Click Options. 3. Trong hp thoi, lm nh sau: a. Chn: High, Standard, 4 Points, v Smooth surface. b. Hy: Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. 4. Chn Run analysis after meshing. 5. Click OK. Xem cc kt qu ng sut: 1. Tri rng th mc Stress v double-click Plot1. 2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Edit definition ri t: SX: X Normal stress cho Component. psi cho Units. Top cho Shell face. ( xem ng sut mt trn) Defined di Deformed Shape v g 1 cho Scale Factor.
Biu ng sut hin th trn hnh dng b bin dng hin thi ca m hnh.
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Lu : ng sut tp trung ni tm mng gp solid. Mt trn ca tm mng cho thy p sut ti ni tip xc vi solid. 3. Right-click biu Stress v chn Define. 4. Trong bng thuc tnh, chn: SX: X Normal stress cho Component. psi cho Units. Bottom cho Shell face. ( xem ng sut mt di). Defined di Deformed Shape v g 1 cho Scale Factor.
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Xem kt qu chuyn v: 1. Tri rng th mc Displacement v double-click Plot1. 2. Right-click biu Plot1 chn in cho Units. Lu : khong cch gia cc im lin kt khng thay i, tc l nhng ch c "cng dy" hai gc khng b vng di tc ng ca ngoi lc.
Cc phng php adaptive

Bn dng cc phng php adaptive tnh ng sut trong mt tm vung 20x20 (inch) c mt l bn knh 1 inch tm. Tm ny dy 1 inch v phi chu mt lc ko 1000 psi nh hnh minh ha.
Do tnh i xng, bn s m phng mt phn t tm vung.
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Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch: Dng phng php p-adaptive Dng phng php h-adaptive Xem cc biu hi t To nghin cu tnh: 1. M th mc ci t SW\Examples\ Plate-with-hole.SLDPRT. 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager. 3. To mt nghin cu tnh tn l p-method vi li solid. (Phng php p-adaptive ch dng cho li solid.)
Thit lp cc ty chn p-Adaptive v gn vt liu

Thit lp cc thuc tnh ca nghin cu tnh ny: 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click p-method, chn Properties. 2. Trong hp thoi, trn nhn Options, chn FFEPlus di Solver. 3. Trn nhn Adaptive, di Adaptive method, chn p-adaptive. 4. Di p-Adaptive options, lm nh sau: a. Chn Total Strain Energy trong Stop when. b. G 0.02 cho change is. c. G 1 cho Update elements with relative Strain Energy error of. 5. Click OK. Gn cc thuc tnh vt liu: Gn Alloy Steel t th vin vt liu COSMOS. Khng ch b mt Face 1:
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1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Hp thoi Restraint xut hin. 2. t Type l Use reference geometry. 3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint ri click b mt Face 1 nh minh ha:
4. Nu cn, click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri Plane 1 t cy FeatureManager. Khng ch cnh ny theo phng Z. 5. Di Translations, click nt Along plane Dir 2 v chc chn rng gi tr 0 xut hin trong hp ny. Khng kch hot hai hp khc cn li. 6. Click OK. Tng t, bn khng ch cho Face 2 vi tham chiu Plane 1. Ln ny, t chuyn dch Along plane Dir 1 bng khng. Chc chn rng nhng hp dch chuyn khc khng b kch hot. Tip theo, bn khng ch cnh trn ca tm khng cho chuyn ng theo hng trc ta Z. Khng ch cnh trn: 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager , right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. 2. t Type l Use reference geometry. 3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint, ri click cnh trn ca tm nh hnh minh ha trn. 4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction, ri chn Plane1 t cy FeatureManager. 5. Di Translations, click Normal to plane v chc chn rng gi tr 0 xut hin trong hp ny. 6. Click OK. t p sut: Bn s t p sut 1000 psi theo hng trc ta X. 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng Pressure xut hin. 2. Di Pressure Type, click Use reference. m bo Along plane dir 1 c chn.
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3. Trong vng ha, click b mt nh hnh di.
4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction, ri click Plane1 trong cy FeatureManager. 5. Di Pressure Value, t Units l English (IPS) ri g 1000 vo hp gi tr Pressure Value. 6. Click OK. To li cho m hnh v chy phn tch: 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng Mesh xut hin. 2. Trong hp Global Size, g 1.5 (inches). Gi tr ln ca Global Size th hin sc mnh ca phng php p-adaptive. 3. Chn Run analysis after meshing. 4. Click Options. Bng Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c kch hot. 5. Lm nh sau: a. Chn High, Standard, At Nodes v Smooth surface. b. Hy Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. Lun t Jacobian Check l At Nodes khi dng phng php p-adaptive. 6. Click OK. Xem ng sut php theo hng trc ta X 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Stress. Plot1 xut hin. 2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Biu ng sut mc nh von Mises stress hin th. 3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v chn Edit Definition. Bng Stress Plot xut hin. 4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. t Component l SX: X Normal stress.
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b. t Units l psi. 5. Nu cn, kim Deformed shape, click Defined v g 1 vo Scale Factor. 6. Trong hp Property, kim Associate plot with name view orientation ri chn *Front t trnh n th xung. 7. Click OK . ng sut php theo phng trc X hin th trn hnh dng bin dng hin thi ca tm:
Xem cc biu hi t T o cc bi u h i t : 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Graph1 trong th mc Convergence Graph v chn Edit Definition. 2. Trong bng thuc tnh, kim tt c cc hp ri click OK. Biu hi t ca tt c cc mc c chn s hin th. 3. ng biu ny li.
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Kim tra cc kt qu Bng di so sanh cc kt qu gii tch cho ng sut php ln nht theo trc X (SX) vi cc kt qu dng v khng dng phng php p-method.
Dng phng php h-Adaptive

Bn s gii cng bi ny vi phng php h-adaptive. To v nh gnha mt nghin cu h-adaptive: 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, ko biu tng p-adaptive ln nh cy. Hp thoi Define Study Name xut hin. 2. G h-method cho Study Name v click OK. 3. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click h-method v chn Properties. 4. Trong hp thoi, trn nhn Options, click FFEPlus di Solver. 5. Trn nhn Adaptive, di Adaptive method, chn h-adaptive. 6. Di h-Adaptive options: a. Di chuyn thanh trt chnh xc Target accuracy n 99%. b. t Maximum no. of loops bng 5. c. Chn Mesh coarsening. 7. Click OK.
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To li m hnh cho h-Adaptive v chy nghin cu Bn c th bt u vi kiu li bt k. Trong bi ny, bn to li vi c phn t ln thy phng php h-method ci thin chnh xc nh th no. To li cho m hnh: 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng Mesh xut hin. 2. Trong hp Global Size , g 10.0 (inches). Gi tr ln ny ca Global Size c dng chng minh phng php h-adaptive ci tin li nh th no. 3. Click OK. Khi li c to xong, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Show Mesh.
Chy phn tch: Right-click biu tng ca nghin cu ny v chn Run. Xem cc kt qu ca phng php h-Adaptive Xem phng php h-adaptive chuyn i li nh th no: Right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Show Mesh.
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Xem ng sut php theo trc X: 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) bn cnh th mc Stress. Biu Plot1 xut hin. 2. Double-click Plot1.
Biu hi t: 1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Convergence Graph. Biu Graph1 xut hin. 2. Double-click Graph1.
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Kim tra cc kt qu
Sai s hi ln l do bt u bng mt li qu th.
Remote Forces (Ti t xa)

Cc ti t xa l nhng ti c t ti cc v tr bn ngoi m hnh. Cc chc nng ny s c minh ha bng cch gii mt bi ton dm chu lc bng hai phng php. Phng php th nht l gii bi ton trong mt t hp lp rp thng thng. Trong phng php th hai, chi tit chu lc khng xut hin v lc tc ng ti phn cn li nh l mt lc t xa.
Phng php 1:
s dng m hnh y gm hai dm ni tip nhau (xanh v vng).
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1. M th mc ci SW\ Examples\ RemoteLoad.SLDASM. Bn cng c th xy dng m hnh tng t. 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager. 3. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li solid. 4. Gn vt liu Alloy Steel t th vin vt liu COSMOS cho c hai thanh dm.
Thit lp cc rng buc v ti Rng buc Fixed vo mt mt ca Back_Cantilever nh minh ha di:
t mt lc 1000 lb vo mt cn li ca m hnh nh sau: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc tnh Force xut hin. 2. Di Type chn Apply force/moment. 3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force ri click mt mt ca Front_Cantilever.
4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri chn mt Front t cy FeatureManager (bay ra). 5. t Units l English (IPS). 6. Di Force, click Along plane Dir 2, g 1000 v chn Reverse direction.
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7. Hy Normal to plane nu cn. 8. Click OK. To li v chy nghin cu 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Click Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c kch hot. 3. Lm nh sau: a. Chn: High, Standard, 4 Points v Smooth surface. b. Hy: Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. 4. Kim Run analysis after meshing. 5. Click OK xc nhn cc gi tr mc nh ca Global Size v Tolerance. Xem ng sut php Bn to biu ng sut php theo trc Z (SZ). To biu SZ: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Stress. Biu Plot1 xut hin. 2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Biu von Mises stress hin th. 3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. t Component l SZ: Normal stress (Z-dir.). b. t Units l psi. 5. Hy kim Deformed Shape. Vic khng dng ty chn ny s hin th biu sng sut trn m hnh khng bin dng. 6. Click OK. 7. t li tn cho biu ny l SZ. N s c biu din trn m hnh khng b bin dng.
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Lit k ng sut php ti mt tip gip hai dm Bn s lit k SZ ti cnh trn ca mt tip gip 2 dm. 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click SZ v chn List Selected. Hp lit k List Selected xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, click cnh trn ca mt tip gip 2 dm nh minh ha:
3. Trong hp List Selected, click Update. ng sut php trung bnh c lit k l 59,996 psi:
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ng sut dng l ko cng. 4. Trong vng ha, click cnh di ca mt tip gip v click Update. Gi tr trung bnh ca ng sut php c lit k l -60,006 psi.
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Gi tr m l b nn 5. Click Close. Xem chuyn v theo phng thng ng Bn to biu chuyn v phng thng ng theo trc Y (UY). 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Displacement. Plot1 xut hin. 2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Kt qu chuyn v hin th. 3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v click Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Displacement Plot xut hin. 4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. t Component l UY: Displacement (Y-dir.). b. t Units l in. 5. Hy Deformed Shape. 6. Click OK. 7. t li tn biu ny l UY. Chuyn v theo phng Y c biu din trn m hnh khng bin dng:
Lit k chuyn v thng ng ti mt tip gip 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click UY trong th mc Displacement v chn List Selected. Hp lit k List Selected xut hin. 2. Click Show/Hide Mesh hai ln thy m hnh khng c li.
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3. Trong vng ha, chn b mt Back Cantilever nh minh ha. Hy dng Select Other nu cn, mt ny s pht sng nh minh ha:
4. Trong hp List Selected, click Update. Chuyn v trung bnh (UY) c lit k l -0.32747 inch.
ng hp List Selected ny li. 6. Lu ti liu.
Phng php 2: Dng lc t xa

Bn s loi b Front_Cantilever v t lc t xa. Bn ch cn kho st Back_Cantilever. 1. Click nhn FeatureManager quay v ca s SW. 2. Trong cy FeatureManager, right-click Back_Cantilever v chn Open Part. 3. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager.
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4. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li solid cho ring chi tit ny. 5. Gn Alloy Steel t th vin vt liu COSMOS cho chi tit ny. 6. t rng buc Fixed cho mt mt pha sau ca Back_Cantilever.
t lc t xa Bn s t mt lc 1000 lb ti mt v tr nh minh ha di.
1. Click Remote Load trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Remote Loads xut hin. 2. Di Type, click Load (Direct transfer). 3. Trong vng ha, click mt mt cn li ca chi tit nh minh ha di. Face<1> xut hin trong hp Faces for Remote Load.
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4. Di Remote Location, t Units l in v g 0.5, 0.5, v -20 vo X-, Y-, v Z-location tng ng. X, Y, v Z xc nh v tr hin ti ca lc theo h ta chung. 5. Di Force, lm nh sau: a. t Units l lb. b. Click Y-Direction, nhp 1000 vo hp gi tr v chn Reverse Direction. 6. Click OK. To li chi m hnh v chy nghin cu 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Dng mt Global Size l 0.27151 v Tolerance l 0.013575 inch. Dng cng mt c li nh phng php 1 bn d so snh cc kt qu ca hai phng php. 3. Chy nghin cu. 4. Click No nu c hi c chy phn tch vi ty chn chuyn v ln khng. Xem v Lit k ng sut php To mt biu ng sut php theo hng Z (SZ).
Lit k SZ ti cnh trn ca mt mt t do.
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Xem v lit k chuyn v theo phng thng ng Biu chuyn v theo phng thng ng theo phng Y (UY):
Lit k UY ti mt mt t do ca dm:
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Lit k cc lc trn mt tip xc gia hai dm 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Displacement v chn Remote Load Interface Force. Hp lit k List Remote Load Interface Force m ra. 2. Trong vng ha, click mt mt t do ca dm nh minh ha:
3. Click Update. Hp thoi lit k tt c cc im kt hp vi mt c chn v cc thnh phn ca X, Y v Z ca lc ti mi im. Hp thoi ny cng lit k lc tng theo cc hng X, Y v Z tc ng ln ton b b mt.
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4. Click Close. So snh cc kt qu phn tch ca 2 phng php
Bng ny cho thy cc kt qu ca c hai phng php u ph hp vi gii tch chnh xc.
Lp cht hai vnh

ng knh trong v ng knh ngoi ca vnh trong (Inner ring) tng ng l 20 v 22. ng knh trong v ng knh ngoi ca vnh ngoi (Outer ring) tng ng l 21.25 v 24.25, ( cng l 0.75). Khi lp chng vi nhau, vnh trong s b nn li cn vnh ngoi b dn ra. Bn s tnh ton ng sut v chuyn v ti mt tip xc v so snh kt qu vi phng php gii tch.
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Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch: Dng ty chn Inertial Relief Xc nh mt iu kin tip xc lp cht Shrink Fit Xem cc kt qu theo cc trc ta Lit k cc kt qu trn cc i tng c chn
To mt nghin cu tnh 1. M th mc ci t SW\ Examples\ Contact\RingShrinkFit.SLDASM hoc xy dng m hnh tng t v a vo assembly. 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager. 3. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li solid.
t cc thuc tnh cho nghin cu Cc lc tip xc s c cn bng ni ti, vic kch hot chc nng thay th qun tnh (Inertial Relief) s ngn chn s mt n nh do mt s php gi lp, v vy, bn khng cn phi rng buc g thm. Kch hot ty chn thay th qun tnh: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Study v click Properties. Hp thoi Static xut hin.
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2. Trn nhn Options, t Solver l Direct sparse v kim Use inertial relief. 3. Click OK. T i sao ph i dng ty ch n Inertial Relief? Nu mt m hnh khng c rng buc y th mt lc nh cng c th lm m hnh chuyn ng cng t do. Ngay c trong trng hp p dng cc lc cn bng th php tnh gn ng cng c th to ra s mt cn bng nh. Khi dng ty chn ny, chng trnh s t ng p dng cc lc chng li s mt cn bng cc lc bn ngoi. Khi bn kim ty chn ny, chng trnh s vn chp nhn, cho d cc rng buc m hnh l cha y . Gn cc thuc tnh vt liu Bn s gn cc thuc tnh vt liu ca ngi dng nh sau cho c 2 vnh ( cc bi trc, bn dng vt liu c sn trong th vin. Trong bi ny, bn to mt vt liu mi): Material property Value (units) EX : Elastic modulus (Modul n hi) 30e6 psi NUXY: Poisson's ratio (H s Poisson) 0.3 DENS: Mass density (khi lng ring) 0.28 lb/in3 Xc nh tip xc lp cht Bn s xc nh iu kin tip xc khi lp cht gia ng knh ngoi ca vnh trong vi ng knh trong ca vnh ngoi. 1. To mt cng nhn tho ri nh minh ha di lm l cc b mt tip xc.
2. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Contact/Gaps v chn Define Contact Set. Bng thuc tnh Contact Set xut hin. 3. t Type l Shrink Fit. 4. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, v Vertices for Source, ri click mt ngoi ca vnh trong. 5. Click vo hp Faces for Target, ri click mt trong ca vnh ngoi. 6. Di Options, chn Node to surface.
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7. Click OK. COSMOSWorks s p dng tip xc lp cht cho hai b mt ny. To li m hnh v chy nghin cu 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Chn in cho Units. 3. G 1 cho Global size. Chiu dy cc vnh ny l 1 inch. Bng vic t c phn t l 1 inch, bn buc cho li ch c 1 phn t trn tit din vnh. 4. Click Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c kch hot. 5. Lm nh sau: a. Chn: High, Standard, 4 Points v Smooth surface. b. Hy: Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. 6. Kim Run analysis after meshing. 7. Click OK. Xem cc kt qu Vi m hnh i xng trc, tt nht l xem kt qu trong h ta tr. u tin, bn to mt ng tm trc ti tm ca 2 vnh. To mt ng tm trc: 1. Click Insert, Reference Geometry, Axis. Bng thuc tnh Axis xut hin. 2. Click cng c Cylindrical/Conical face. 3. Trong vng ha, click mt b mt tr bt k ca hai vnh ny. 4. Click OK . Bn c th thy thng bo rng m hnh c thay i. Click OK ng thng bo ny li. SolidWorks s to ra trc tham chiu ti tm ca cc vnh v mt biu tng Axis1 xut hin trn cy FeatureManager.
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Xem ng sut hng knh: Bn s xem cc ng sut hng knh theo trc Axis1. 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Stress v chn Define. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 2. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. Click Axis1 trong cy FeatureManager bay ra. Axis1 xut hin trong hp Plane, Axis or Coordinate System. b. t Component l SX: X Normal stress. Trong mt h ta tr c xc nh bi trc tham chiu, thnh phn ng sut SX chnh l ng sut hng knh. c. t Units l psi. 4. Hy kim Deformed shape. 5. Click OK. Biu tng Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Stress v biu nh minh ha di xut hin trong vng ha:
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Lit k cc ng sut hng knh 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Stress v chn List Selected. Hp List Selected xut hin. 2. Click cng c Filter Faces trn thanh Selection Filter. 3. Trong vng ha, click mt ngoi ca vnh trong v v click Update trong hp List Selected. Hp ny s lit k cc ng sut hng knh cho tt c cc nt ca mt c chn. N cng cho bit gi tr ng sut trung bnh l -57,675 psi. 4. Click Close.
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Xem chuyn v hng knh: Bn s xem chuyn v hng knh theo trc Axis1. 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Displacement v chn Define. Bng Displacement Plot xut hin. 2. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. Trong cy FeatureManager bay ra, click Axis1. Axis1 xut hin trong hp Plane, Axis, Coordinate System. b. t Component l UX: X Displacement. c. t Units l in. Trong mt h ta tr c xc nh bi trc tham chiu, thnh phn chuyn v UX chnh l chuyn v hng knh. 3. Hy kim Deformed shape. 4. Click OK. Biu tng Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Displacement v biu hin th:
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Lit k chuyn v hng knh trung bnh: Dng lnh List Selected tnh bn knh ti b mt tip xc ca 2 vnh nh sau: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Displacement v chn List Selected. Hp List Selected xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, click mt ngoi ca vnh trong v v click Update trong hp List Selected. Hp ny s lit k cc chuyn v hng knh cho tt c cc nt ca mt c chn. Chuyn v hng knh trung bnh l -0.4248 inch:
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3. Trong vng ha, click mt trong ca vnh ngoi v v click Update trong hp List Selected. Hp ny lit k chuyn v hng knh trung bnh l +0.32569 inch.
4. Click Close. Tng cc gi tr tuyt i ca cc chuyn v hng knh trung bnh trong cc bc 2 v 4 (0.4248"+0.32569"=0.75049") xp x vi gi tr cng gia 2 vnh (0.75"). Theo cc kt qu trn, bn knh cc mt tip xc sau khi lp cht l 22-0.4248=21.5752 inch hoc 21.25+0.32569=21.57569 inch. So snh cc kt qu Cc gii chnh xc bi ton ny c trnh by trong cc ti liu ca Timoshenko, S. P., v Goodier, J. N., "Theory of Elasticity," McGraw-Hill, New York (1970). Bng di y so snh cch gii ca COSMOSWorks vi l thuyt:
Phn tch mt bn nhin liu
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Mt chic bn nhm cha nhin liu c t trng g = 0.029 lb/in3. Nhin liu tc ng mt p sut thy tnh thay i tuyn tnh theo chiu su ln thnh bn. Mt p sut tuyn tnh (p(y) = g*y) c t ln cc b mt trong bn tnh t mt thong ca nhin liu tr xung, y, y l khong cch o t mt thong nhin liu.
Trong bi ny, bn s hc: p dng mt ti bt ng p Ty bin cc biu kt qu To mt nghin cu Shell Khi chiu dy bn cha nh hn nhiu so vu cc kch thc khc, bn s gii quyt theo cch m phng bng li shell. To mt nghin cu tnh hc v mng: 1. M th mc ci t SW\ Examples\ fuel_tank.SLDPRT). Bn cng c th xy dng m hnh tng t. 2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager. 3. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng fuel_tankStudy. 4. Trong Bng thuc tnh, di Name: a. G non-uniform pressure. b. Chn Shell mesh using surfaces t Mesh type. 5. Di Type, click Static. 6. Click OK. nh ngha cc Shell 1. Right-click Shells trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager v chn Define By All Ref Surfaces. 2. Trong Bng thuc tnh: a. Lu kiu li c t l Thin v tt c 9 b mt c chn t ng.
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b. t Units l in v g 1. c. Click OK. Gn vt liu Gn Aluminum Alloy (1060 Alloy) t th vin COSMOS Material Library cho bn cha. C nh bn cha Bn s c nh y bn nh sau: 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin. 2. t Type l Immovable (No translation). 3. Trong vng ha, click mt y bn. Face<1> xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint. 4. Click OK.
p dng p sut thy tnh Cc b mt ca bn c tch ti v tr mt thong ca nhin liu bn c th t p sut t tr xung (nu bn t xy dng m hnh, cng cn tch sn cc mt thnh bn ny nh vy, dng lnh Split tch). Bn cn to mt h ta ti mt thong ny.
To mt h ta :
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1. Click Insert, Reference Geometry, Coordinate System. Bng thuc tnh Coordinate System xut hin. 2. Trong vng ha, click im nh minh ha di. Vertex<1> xut hin trong hp Origin.
3. Click vo hp Y Axis. 4. Trong vng ha, click cnh nh minh ha di. Edge<1> xut hin trong hp Y Axis.
5. Click Reverse Direction trc Y hng xung di. 6. Click OK. C th xut hin mt thng bo rng m hnh thay i, click OK ng ca s ny li. 6. Click View, Coordinate Systems thy h ta trong vng ha nh minh ha di:
t p sut:
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1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut hin. 2. Di Pressure Type chn Normal to selected face. 3. Trong vng ha, click 4 mt thnh bn di mt thong v mt y.
4. Di Pressure Value, t Units l English (IPS), g 1 vo hp Pressure Value v chn Reverse direction. 5. Kim Nonuniform Distribution. 6. Click Coordinate System1 trong vng ha. Coordinate System1Select a Coordinate system. 7. G 0.029 vo hp Y v t tt c cc trng khc l zero. Xc nh ti bt ng p trn nu cng thc p(y)=0.029*y, y, gi tr bng s c xc nh theo t trng ca nhin liu. p sut tc ng vung gc vi cc b mt c chn v bt u bng zero ti mt thong ri tng ti gi tr ln nht ti y. p sut phn b theo biu sau: 8. Click OK. COSMOSWorks s p dng mt p sut thy tnh ln cc mt c chn v to mt biu tng trong th mc Load/Restraint. To li cho m hnh 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin. 2. Click Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin. 3. Lm nh sau: a. Chn: High, Standard, 4 Points, Automatic shell surface re-alignment, v Smooth surface. b. Hy: Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids. c. Click OK. 4. Click OK xc nhn cc gi tr Global Size v Tolerance mc nh. Qu trnh to li bt u. Khi to li xong, li s hin th trong vng ha.
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Chy nghin cu v xem cc kt qu Hy chy nghin cu. Khi phn tch xong, bn s xem mt s kt qu nh sau: Xem ng sut tng ng (von Mises) ca cc mt trn: (Nh li rng vi li shell th ta cn xem ng sut c mt trn v mt di ca mi tm mng) 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Stress. Plot1 xut hin. 2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Biu ng sut von Mises stresshin th trong vng ha. 3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau: a. t Units l psi. b. Chc chn rng Top xut hin trong Shell Face. 5. Click OK. 6. t li tn Plot1 l Top von Mises. 7. Double-click Top von Mises. Biu ng sut von Mises hin th:
Vi cc nghin cu v mng, biu ng sut von Mises mc nh hin th mt trn ca m hnh. Xem cc kt qu mt di m hnh 1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Stress v chn Define. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin. 2. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau:
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a. t Units l psi. b. t Shell Face l Bottom. 3. Click nhn Property tri rng n ra. 4. Trong hp Property, lm nh sau: a. Click kim Include title text v g mt tiu cho biu , v d, von Mises Stress on the Bottom Faces of the Tank. b. Click kim Associate plot with name view orientation ri chn *Isometric t trnh n th xung. 5. Click OK. Biu tng Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Stress. 6. t li tn Plot2 l Bottom von Mises. 7. Double-click Bottom von Mises. Biu ng sut von Mises hin th:
Lu rng ng sut trn v di ca cc mt c khc nhau cht t. Ty bin cc biu COSMOSWorks cho php bn ty bin cc biu kt qu. 1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Bottom von Mises trong th mc Stress v chn Chart Options. Bng thuc tnh Chart Options xut hin. 2. Di Display Options, kim Show min annotation and Show max annotation. Cc ghi ch ng sut von Mises cc tiu v cc i xut hin trn biu . 3. Di Position/Format, click t ct gi tr bn tri biu . 4. Di Color Options, kim Flip. Sau khi o s mu mc nh, vng bn di ca ng sut von
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Mises chuyn thnh mu v vng bn trn mu xanh. 6. Click OK . Biu nh minh ha di xut hin:

Cosmosworks-Dao Chi Lang

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SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks

SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks *O CHI LNG-DCL*

B. Thc hin cc phn tch tnh hc

Ta s thy cc th mc nh sau panel bn tri:

C. u vo cho cc phn tch tnh tuyn tnh

D. Kt qu ca cc phn tch tnh tuyn tnh

1. Cc thnh phn chuyn v

2. Cc thnh phn ng sut

Sc cng tng ng (ESTRN) c xc nh:

3.Cc ng sut phn t v nt

SX = ng sut php X SY = ng sut php Y SZ = ng sut php Z

4. Cc thng s di y khng dng tham chiu:

Draft quality mesh. T ng to ra li gm cc phn t solid t din c cc cnh thng.

High quality mesh. T ng to ra li gm cc phn t solid t din c cc cnh parabol.

Ch : Li cht lng cao ch cn cho nhng phn tch cui cng.

COSMOSWorks cung cp hai ty chn khi to cc nghin cu shell:

4. Click OK. Cc ty chn to li Cc ty chn li l nhng yu t cn thit xc nh cht lng li v do vy,

1. Mesh Parameters. Thit lp c, dung sai chung ca phn t v cc ty chn.

IX. Kim sot li

C phn t (e) cho cc i tng xc nh

T l tng phn t (r) S lp ca cc phn t (n)

Chi tit nh (tc l Ci nh) c to li vi c phn t nh (tc l Ei nh)

Kim Use same element size.

Chn mt n v v t gi tr Element Size . G mt gi tr cho Ratio . G mt gi tr cho Layers .

G. Ti v rng buc (Load/Restraint)

Vi v d: B mt l tr c chn c th quay hoc di chuyn dc theo trc. Mi tn l nhng chuyn ng c php:

Cc b mt y ca chn bn ch c th di chuyn trong mt phng ca n (sn nh):

Show preview. Tt bt hin th k hiu p sut.

6.Di Pressure Value, lm nh sau: a. Chn n v p sut Units .

Gravity (trng lc)

Displacement (Rigid connection)

Elastic Support (Nn n hi)

Lu : Cc b mt c chn cng mt ln xc nh mt bulon. Nu bn chn With Nut, hy xc nh nh sau: o o

Nu bn chn Without Nut, hy xc nh nh sau: o o

Diameter . Chn n v o v t ng knh cho thn bulon.

Hn tip xc (Spot Welds)

Cc phn tch nhit

hn. Truyn nhit bng dn nhit v i lu cn c vt trung gian cn bc x khng cn.

S ph thuc nhit ca h s dn nhit (K)

Vi a sa s cc vt liu, K thay i theo nhit . N tng cng vi nhit trong cc cht kh ti p

Bng di y cho thy mt s gi tr in hnh ca h s truyn nhit i lu:

y. Eb l cng sut pht x ca vt en ti cng nhit . H s bc x ca mt b mt l hm ca nhit .

Vi hai b mt v cng nh dAi v dAj , h s biu kin dFij bng:

T phng trnh trn, lun lun c quan h:

Tin hnh phn tch nhit

y: GRADN = [(GRADX)^2 + (GRADY)^2 + (GRADZ)^2]^(1/2) HFLUXN = [(HFLUXX)^2 + (HFLUXY)^2 + (HFLUXZ)^2]^(1/2)

Cc ti v rng buc nhit

Rng buc i xng vi cc m hnh Solid v Shell

4. Trong vng ha, click hai b mt i xng nh hnh minh ha.

B. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li Shell (Tip theo bi trn)

Xem cc ng sut tng ng ca cc b mt shell pha trong (bottom):

Phn tch tnh hc mt t hp

Xem ng sut von Mises Stress:

4. ng ca s biu li. 5. Click Close hp thoi Probe. 6. Lu ti liu.

Phn tch tip xc ca cm khp ni

To v xc nh mt nghin cu tnh 1. M th mc ci t SW\ Examples\ Contact\QuarterEyeBar.SLDASM). Bn cng c th

3. Dng cng c Rotate View quan st m hnh cc gc khc nhau.

4. Lu ti liu. 5. Cc chi tit hn tip xc ca t 6.

Phn tch tnh bng li hn hp

Trong bi ny, bn s hc cch: To mt nghin cu vi li hn hp Ghp v mng vo B sung cc kt ni

4. Gn khng ch c nh Fixed cho mt tr ca 6 l. Gn cc kt ni:

Cc phng php adaptive

Do tnh i xng, bn s m phng mt phn t tm vung.

SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks O CHI LNG-DCL