TIT : BI TP S NG BIN, NGHCH BIN CA HM S

I. Mc ch yu cu
1. Kin thc: Hc sinh cn nm vng khi nim s ng bin nghch bin ca hm s, nh l v
iu kin hm s n iu trn mt tp, qui tc xt tnh n iu ca hm s.
2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng xt s ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s, trong c tnh o hm,
xt du o hm, lp bng bin thin.
3. T duy, tnh cch: Pht trin t duy logic, t duy bin chng, rn luyn tnh qui c cn thn.
II. Phng tin:
1. Gio vin: Gio n, sch gio khoa, dng dy hc.
2. Hc sinh: dng hc tp. Hc k l thuyt v lm bi tp nh.
III. Phng php: Kt hp cc phng php thuyt trnh, m thoi, gi m vn .
IV. Tin trnh
Thi
gian

Ni dung
A. n nh lp (2 pht)
B. Kim tra kin thc c (5 pht)
HS nhc li qui tc xt tnh ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s v
nh l.
GV nhn mnh li cc bc xt tnh n iu ca hm s.
C. Bi mi
Bi 1. Xt s ng bin, nghch bin ca cc hm s sau:
1. y = 4 + 3x x2 ;
1
2. y = x3 + 3x2 7x 2;
3
3. y = x4 2x2 + 3;

Hot ng

Gio vin cho

bi tp
3 hs ln bng
lm bi

Li gii:
1. y = 4 + 3x x2
TX: D = R
y 0 = 3 2x, xc nh vi mi x R
3
y0 = 0 x =
2
BBT

y0
y

Gio vin cha

bi lm ca hc
sinh
Nhn mnh cch
xt du o hm

3
0

+
+

71
64

T bng BT suy ra hm s B trn (; 3/2), NB trn (3/2; +)

1
2. y = x3 + 3x2 7x 2
3
TX: D = R
y 0 = x2 + 6x 7, xc nh vi mi x R
y 0 = 0 x = 1; x = 7
y 0 > 0 x (; 7) (1; +)
y 0 < 0 x (7; 1)
BBT

x
y0

+
+

y
3
Hm s B trn cc khong (; 7) v (1; +)
Hm s NB trn (7; 1)

Gio vin cha

bi, nhn mnh
cch xt du o
hm, xt du
tam thc bc 2

3. y = x4 2x2 + 3
TX: D = R
y 0 = 4x3 4x, xc nh vi mi x R
y 0 = 0 x = 0; x = 1
y 0 > 0 x (1; 0) (1; +)
y 0 < 0 x (; 1) (0; 1)
BBT

x
y

Gio vin
bi v
mnh
xt du
phng
khong

cha
nhn
cch
bng
php

+
+

2
2

Hm s B trn cc khong (1; 0) v (1; +)

Hm s NB trn cc khong (; 1) v (0; 1)

Bi tp 2. Tm cc khong n iu ca hm s: 1. y =

x2 2x
;
1 x
3. y = x2 x 20.
Li gii
3x + 1
1. y =
1x
TX: D = R \ {1}
4
y0 =
> 0 vi mi x 6= 1
(1 x)2
BBT
2. y =

x
y0

3x + 1
;
1x

Gio vin cho

bi
2 HS ln bng
lm bi
Gio vin cha
bi, nhn mnh
vic tch hai
khong

+
+

Hm s B trn cc khong (; 1) v (1; )

x2 2x
2. y =
1x
TX: D = R \ {1}
x2 + 2x 2
< 0 vi mi x 6= 1
y0 =
(1 x)2
BBT

Gio vin cha

bi, nhn mnh
cch xt du
tam thc bc 2

y0

Hm sNB trn cc khong (; 1) v (1; +)

3. y = x2 x 20
TX: D = (; 4] [5; +)
2x 1
, xc nh trn (; 4) (5; +)
y0 =
2 x2 x 20
1
y0 = 0 x =
2
y 0 > 0 x > 5; y 0 < 0 x < 4
BBT

x
y0

1/2

Gio vin cha

bi, n li cch
gii BPT bc 2

+
+

Hm s B trn (5; +), NB trn (; 4)

Bi tp 3. Chng minh cc bt ng thc:
1. tan x > x vi mi x (0; /2);
x3
vi mi x (0; /2).
2. tan x > x +
3
Li gii
1. tan x > x vi mi x (0; /2)
Xt hm s f (x) = tan x x trn ([0; /2)
1
1 = tan2 x 0 vi mi x [0; /2)
f 0 (x) =
cos2 x
Suy ra hm s f (x) B trn [0; /2). Do f (x) > f (0) = 0 vi mi
x (0; /2) (PCM)
4

Gio vin cho

bi v hng dn
hc sinh lm bi
Gio vin hng
dn cch gii,
nhn mnh vic
m rng khong
ang xt.

x3
vi mi x (0; /2)
2. tan x > x +
3
x3
Xt hm s f (x) = tan x x
trn [0; /2)
3
f 0 (x) = (tan x + x)(tan x x) 0 vi mi x [0; /2) (theo 1.)
Suy ra f (x) B trn [0; /2)
Do f (x) > f (0) = 0 trn [0; /2) (pcm)
D. Cng c, hng dn bi tp v nh BTVN: 1d, 2bd, 3,4 (T10)
Bi thm
1. Xt s B NB ca cc hm s sau: a) y = 2x3 + 3x2 + 1
b) y =
x4 2x2 5
c) y = 4 x2
x2
d) y =
x+2
2. Tm a hm s sau B trn R:
1
y = x3 + ax2 + 4x + 3
3
3. Chng minh cc BT:
a) sin x < x, x > 0
b) sin x > x, x < 0
c) sin x + tan x > 2x, x (0; /2)

HS nhc li qui
tc xt s bin
thin ca hm s
Gio vin nhn
mnh cc ch
v xt du o
hm, lp BBT,
kt lun