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TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI

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B GIO DC & O TO
-----------------------
CHNH THC
( thi c 06 trang)
HNG DN GII PHN TCH
THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011
Mn: HA HC Khi A
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht
M 318
H v tn th sinh: .
S bo danh:

Cho bit nguyn t khi o ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn =
55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1. Hn hp X gm axit axetic, acid fomic v acid oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO
3
(d) th
thu c 15,68 lt CO
2
(ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam cht X cn 8,96 lt kh O
2
(ktc), thu c
35,2 gam CO
2
v y mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca y l:
A. 0,8 B. 0,3 C. 0,2 D. 0,6
Hng dn:
y l bi ton cho t chy v bi cho d liu lin quan ti oxi th dng ton ny ta thng s
dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi v c s nhn xt v bn cht trong cc phng trnh phn ng.
* i vi cc em hc sinh cha c s phn tch:
CH
3
COOH
HCOOH
(COOH)
2
CO
2
O H
2
CO
2
CO
2
NaHCO
3
CO
2
CO
2
CO
2
NaHCO
3
NaHCO
3
O
2
O
2
O
2
O H
2
O H
2
2 +
2
+
+
2
2

Gi s vi a, b v c ln lt l s mol ca axit axetic, acid fomic v acid oxalic
Theo phn ng hnh thnh ra kh CO
2
(phn ng vi NaHCO
3
) ta c phng trnh: a + b + 2c =
15, 68
0, 7
22, 4
mol =
Theo phn ng t chy ta c
2
CO
n = 2a + b + 2c =
35, 2
0,8
44
mol = v
2
2
H O
n a b c = + +
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t oxi ta c:
2 2 2
/ / / / hh X O O O O CO O H O
n n n n + = +
a + b + 2c + 0,4 = 2a + b + 2c +
2
2
a b c + +
=>
2
2
a b c + +
= 0,4 a ( a = 0,8 0,7 = 0,1)
Vy
2
2
H O
n a b c = + + = 0,6 mol
* i vi cc em hc sinh c s phn tch:
2
/ chy CO
n =0,8 mol;
2 3
/ CO NaHCO
n = 0,7 mol;
2
/
0, 4
chy
mol
O
n =
Khi cho axit tc dng vi NaHCO
3
th bn cht ca phn ng l H linh ng trong nhm -COOH tc dng
vi ion
3
HCO

theo phn ng:


( )
3 2 2
COOH HCO COO CO H O

+ + +
Qua phn ng trn ta c nhn xt:
2 3
/ /
2 2
S nguyn t H linh ng O axit CO NaHCO
n n n = =
n
O/axit
= 0,7.2 = 1,4
Axit + O
2
CO
2
+ H
2
O
0,7 0,4 0,8 y
Bo ton nguyn t O : 0,14 + 0,4.2 = 0,8.2 + y y = 0,6
Nhn xt: Qua bi ton ny, cc em hc sinh cn lu v vn khi cho acid phn ng vi mui cha ion
3
HCO

th ta lun c:
2
/
2 2
S nguyn t H linh ng O axit CO
n n n = =
( )
3 2 2
COOH HCO COO CO H O

+ + +
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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Cu 2. Hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
v H
2
c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc nung
nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
2
H
2
v H
2
. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d) th khi lng bnh
brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 8. Th tch O
2
(ktc) cn
t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 26,88 lt. D. 44,8 lt.
Hng dn: y l dng ton c bn ca hidrocacbon, trong bi ton ny chng ta thng s dng nh lut
bo ton nguyn t, qua gip chng ta => iu quan trng nht l chng ta phi hiu rng t chy hn hp
Y cng tng ng t chy hn hp X
Ta c s phn ng:
0
2 2
2 2 2 ,
2 4 2 2 2 2 6
2 4 2
10,8 0,2
16
2 6
,
xt Brm
gam mol
M
hh X hh Y + ,
t
m n
C H
H C H
C H C H H C H
C H H
C H
+
= =
=



Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c m
x
= 10,8 + 16.0,2 = 14 gam
Theo bi ta li c 26a + 2a = 14 => a = 0,5 mol (vi a l s mol ca C
2
H
2
v H
2
)
Theo phn ng t chy ta c:
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
5
2
2, 5 0, 5 3 1, 5 33, 6 2
2 2

mol =>V lit

O O
C H O CO H O
n a a a
O H H O

+ +

= + = = =
`

+
)

* Do s mol ca C
2
H
2
v H
2
bng nhau v bng 0,5 mol => c th coi hn hp trn l C
2
H
4
: 0,5 mol
2 4 2 2 2
3 2 2 C H O CO H O + +
Vy =>
2 2
0, 5.3 1, 5 33, 6 mol =>V lit
O O
n = = =
Cu 3. un nng m gam hn hp Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng 7 : 3 vi mt lng dung dch HNO
3
.
Khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 0,75m gam cht rn, dung dch X v 5,6 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v
NO
2
(khng c sn phm kh khc ca N
+5
). Bit lng HNO
3
phn ng l 44,1 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,8. B. 40,5. C. 33,6. D. 50,4.
Hng dn: y l mt cu kh c bn trong chng kim loi, trong cu ny chng ta phi hiu c
+ bi cho r lng HNO
3
=> ta thng p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t N v p dng nh lut bo
ton electron
+ 0,75m gam cht rn thu c sau phn ng l g? N l 1 phn cha kha gii quyt bi ton ha
Theo bi ta c 0,7m gam Cu v 0,3m gam Fe => m 0,75m = 0,25m cht phn ng
=> C 0,05m gam Fe cn d v 0,25m gam st tham gia phn ng v chuyn t Fe => Fe(NO
3
)
2

2
2 Fe e Fe
+


HNO
3
1e + NO
2
+
3 (mui)
NO


HNO
3
3e + NO +
3 (mui)
NO


Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t N ta c:
3 2
3 3
0, 7 0, 45
(mui) (mui)
mol mol
HNO NO NO
NO NO
n n n n n

= + + = =
Ta c cng thc
3
0, 45 0, 225
(mui)
Trao i
mol = 2.n n mol=>m =
e
Fe Fe
NO
n n

= = => = 50,4 gam
Hoc c th s dng theo hng:
( )
2
3
2
3
2
0, 25
2. 0, 45 50, 4
56
(mui)
3
2
Fe NO
=2.n mol gam
NO Fe
Fe NO
m
n m
+
+
+
= =

Nhn xt: y l bi tp kh hay, khi bi ch cho hn hp kh NO v NO
2
m khng cho bit t l v s mol
kh lm mt s hc sinh lng tng bi cc em hc sinh thng c khuynh hng tm ra s mol tng kh
Nhiu hc sinh c cho rng khi Fe tc dng vi HNO
3
th quan nim Fe v Fe
3+
th s ra p n C. 33,6
Nu hc sinh vn coi l v Fe
2+
nhng khi bo ton nguyn t N m ly s mol hn hp kh nhn 2 ri thay vo
s c p n A.44,8
TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI
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Cu 4. t chy hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO
2
v z mol H
2
O (vi z = y x). Cho x
mol E tc dng vi NaHCO
3
(d) thu c y mol CO
2
. Tn ca E l
A. axit oxalic. B. axit fomic. C. axit aipic. D. axit acrylic.
Hng dn:
Cu ny i hi chng ta phi ghi nh tn ng vi nhng cng thc l g
axit acrylic: CH
2
=CH-COOH axit oxalic : (COOH)
2

axit aipic: C
4
H
8
(COOH)
2
axit fomic: HCOOH
Theo bi da vo d kin: Cho x mol E tc dng vi NaHCO
3
(d) thu c y mol CO
2
v t chy
hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO
2

=> s nguyn t C trong acid E bng s nhm chc COOH => loi p n A v C
Mt khc t: z = y x => p n l B
Mt hng lm khc: Goi cng thc: C
x
H
y
O
z
x CO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O
a ax
2
y
a
2
y
a = ax a y = 2x 2 => Axit khng no hay 2 chc

2
CO
n = n
C
axit hai chc HOOC COOH
Mt hng gii khc mt nhiu thi gian hn
Gi cng thc tng qut ca axit l C
n
H
2n+2-2a-k
(COOH)
k

Vi n l s nguyn t cacbon trong gc axit, a l s lin kt pi v vng, k l s ln axit.
C
n
H
2n+2-2a-k
(COOH)
k

2
O +
(n+k)CO
2
+ (n + 1 a)H
2
O
x mol (n+k)x = y mol (n + 1 a)x = z mol
C
n
H
2n+2-2a-k
(COOH)
k

3
NaHCO +
kCO
2

x mol kx mol
Theo bi ta c: (n+k)x = y v kx = y => n = 0
Vy Axit cn xc nh khng cha gc hidrocacbon => Loi c p n A v C
Mt khc ta c:
(1 ).
z y x
y kx
a x z
=

2 k a = +
+ k =1, a =1 axit cho l khng no n chc. Loi
+ k=2 , a =0 axits cho l axit no hai chc v khng cha gc hidrocacbon. Ch c axit oxalic l tha mn
iu kin bi ton. Chn A
Cu 5. S ng phn amino axit c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2.
Hng dn: y l 1 bi tng i n gin, i hi mt cht v mng kin thc khi nim v amino acid
(cha ng thi 2 nhm COOH v NH
2
)
Bi ny chng ta cn tun th ng bc vit ng phn c hc trong chuyn : ng phn danh
php c hc th s d dng xc nh c.
C
2
H
4
(NH
2
)(COOH)
C C COOH

Phn mi tn l phn ch v tr in nhm NH
2
trong phn t
H
2
N CH
2
- CH
2
- COOH v H
2
N CH(CH
3
) COOH.
Cu 6. Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. HCl, NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
.
B. NaOH, Na
3
PO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. KCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
D. HCl, Ca(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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Hng dn:
Khi nim v nc cng: Nc cng l loi nc t nhin cha cation canxi (Ca
2+
) v magie (Mg
2+
).
- Nc cha nhiu Mg
2+
c v ng
- Nc cha thm ion
3
HCO

l nc cng tm thi
- Nc cha ion
2
4
; SO Cl

l nc cng vnh cu
- Nc ch ng thi c ion
2
4
; SO Cl

v
3
HCO

l nc cng ton phn.


loi b tnh cng tm thi => loi b cc ion Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
di dng kt ta
2
3 3 2
2 2
3 3
2 3
3 4 2 4
( )
HCO OH CO H O
MgCO CO Mg
Ca Mg PO PO

+
+
+ +
| |

+ | `
|

) \

Hoc c th s dng phng pho loi tr: HCl v KCl khng c tc dng lm mm nc cng => Loi
p n
Cu 7. Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao sng (CaSO
4
.2H
2
O). B. Thch cao nung (CaSO
4
.H
2
O).
C. Vi sng (CaO). D. vi (CaCO
3
).

Hng dn:
+ Vi sng (CaO). Dng kh chua cho t,
+ vi (CaCO
3
). ng lm vt liu xy dng, cc cng trnh kin trc nh kim t thp, nh th pht dim,...
+ Canxi sunfat: CaSO
4

- L cht rn, mu trng, t tan trong nc.
- Tu theo lng nc kt tinh m ta c :
+ Thch cao sng (CaSO
4
.2H
2
O). Thch cao sng dng sn xut xi mng
+ Thch cao nung (CaSO
4
.H
2
O). Dng b bt khi gy xng
+ Thch cao khan (CaSO
4
). lm kh cc cht kh, cht rn v nhiu cht lng hu c,
Cu 8. Thy phn ht m gam tetrapeptit Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala (mch h) thu c hn hp gm 28,48 gam Ala, 32
gam Ala-Ala v 27,72 gam Ala-Ala-Ala. Gi tr ca m l
A. 111,74 . B. 81,54. C. 66,44. D. 90,6.
Hng dn: Ta c cng thc ca ala l:
CH
3
CH N H
2
COOH

CH
3
CH N H
2
CO-OH
CH
3
CH NH COOH H
O H
2

Theo bi t:
28,48 gam Ala 32 gam Ala-Ala 27,72 gam Ala-Ala-Ala
n
Ala
=
28, 48
0, 32
89
mol = n
Ala-Ala
=
32
0, 2
89.2 18
mol =

n
Ala-Ala-Ala
=
27, 72
0,12
89.3 18.2
mol =


1, 08
0, 32 0, 2.2 0,12.3 1, 08 0, 27
4
tetrapeptit
mol mol
Ala
n n = + + = = =


Vy m = 0,27.(89.4 18.3) = 81,54 gam
Cu 9. Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong hp cht hu c C
x
H
y
N l 23,73%. S ng phn amin bc
mt tha mn cc d kin trn l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Hng dn: y l mt dng ton c bn trong vic xc nh cng thc phn t => qua xc nh s ng
phn amin (bc 1).
TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI
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Theo bi ta c:
3 9
14
.100% 23, 73% 12 45
12 14
x y C H N
x y
= + =
+ +

CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
CH
3
CH
CH
3
NH
2

Cu 10. Trong c th nghim sau :
(1) Cho SiO
2
tc dng vi axit HF. (2) Cho kh SO
2
tc dng vi kh H
2
S.
(3) Cho kh NH
3
tc dng vi CuO un nng. (4) Cho CaOCl
2
tc dng vi dung dch HCl c.
(5) Cho Si n cht tc dng vi dung dch NaOH. (6) Cho kh O
3
tc dng vi Ag.
(7) Cho dung dch NH
4
Cl tc dng vi dung dch NaNO
2
un nng.
S th nghim to ra n cht l:
A. 4 B. 7 C. 6 D. 5
Hng dn: y l dng bi tp i hi hc sinh phi ghi nh l thuyt c bit l v tnh cht ha hc,
phng trnh phn ng iu ch ca cc cht t nm hc lp 10 ti 12.
2 4 2
2 2 3 2
2 2 2
3 2 2
3 2 2
4 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 c
iF (P.ng n mn thy tinh)
SO
SiO HF S H O
Si NaOH H O Na SiO H
H S S H O
O Ag Ag O O
NH CuO Cu N H O
NH Cl NaNO NaCl N H O
CaOCl HCl Cl CaCl H O
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +

Cu 11. Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
7
H
8
tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3

trong NH
3
, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 5. B. 6 C. 4. D. 2.
Hng dn: Theo bi X tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
=> kt ta => X phi l hp cht cha lin kt ba ( )
S lin kt pi + vng = 4
7 8
0,15 0,15 306 mol
C H
n n mol M

= = => = => trong kt ta c 2 nguyn t Ag => X cha 2 lin kt ( )
u mch
C C C C C CH C H C C CH C C
C
C H C C CH C C H
C C
C C CH C C H
C
C

Cu 12. Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS
2
trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th tch O
2

v 80% th tch N
2
) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt cht rn duy nht v hn hp kh Y
c thnh phn th tch: 84,8% N
2
, 14% SO
2
, cn li l O
2
. Phn trm khi lng ca FeS trong hn hp X l
A. 59,46%. B. 26,83%. C. 19,64%. D. 42,31%.
Hng dn:
2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2
7 11
2 2 2 4
2 2
FeS O Fe O SO FeS O Fe O SO + + + +
Gi s ban u c 1 mol khng kh: =>
2 2
0, 2 0, 8 mol; n mol
O N
n = =
=> S mol ca hn hp Y l n
Y
=
100.0, 8
0, 9434
84, 8
mol = =>
2
0,1321 mol
SO
n = v
2
0, 0113 mol
O
n =
Vy s mol O
2
tham gia phn ng l:
2
0, 2 0, 0113 0,1887 mol
O
n = =
Gi x l s mol FeS, y l s mol FeS
2
ta gii h pt:
1,75x + 2,75y = 0,1887 v x + 2y = 0,1321 => x = 0,0189 mol v y = 0,0566 mol
%FeS = (0,0189.88)/(0,0189.88 + 0,0566.120) = 19,67% (Sai s 0,03% c th chp nhn c)
-----------
Nhng khng mt tnh tng qut v gii s sai s khi tnh ton th ta nn chn theo hng:
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
09798.17.8.85 09367.17.8.85 - admin@hoahoc.org - netthubuon - 03203.832.101 -6-
Chn 1 mol hn hp sn phm
2
N
n = 0,848;
2
SO
n = 0,14 v
2
O
n = 0,012 mol
T 20% th tch O
2
v 80% th tch N
2

2
O
n =
0,848.20
80
= 0,212 tham gia 0,212 0,012= 0,2
vi
2
SO
n = 0,14 2FeS + 3,5O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 2 SO
2
v 2FeS
2
+ 5,5O
2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 4 SO
2

x 1,75x x y 2,75y 2y
Lp h: 1,75x + 2,75y = 0,2 v x + 2y = 0,14 x = 0,02 v y = 0,06 %FeS =
120 06 0 88 02 0
88 02 0
. , . ,
. ,
+ ++ +
=19,64%
Cu 13. Hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Trong
X, t l khi lng cc nguyn t l m
C
: m
H
: m
O
= 21 : 2 : 8. Bit khi X phn ng hon ton vi Na th thu
c s mol kh hir bng s mol ca X phn ng. X c bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng benzen) tha
mn cc tnh cht trn?
A. 3. B. 9. C. 7. D. 10.
Hng dn: Theo bi ta c t l n
C
: n
H
n
O
= 1,75 : 2 : 0,5 = 7 : 8 : 2 => CTPT: C
7
H
8
O
2

X tc dng c vi Na => H
2
=> c cha nguyn t H linh ng, mt khc s mol kh hir bng s mol ca
X phn ng => cha 2 nguyn t H linh ng
CH
2
OH
CH
3
OH
CH
3
OH

Phn mi tn ch l phn gn v tr nhm OH cn li









Cu 14. Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng
tnh l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Hng dn:
Cht lng tnh l nhng cht va c kh nng phn li ra ion H
+
, OH
-

2
( ) Sn OH | |
2
2
2
2
2
( )
2
OH Sn
Pb OH
H SnO
+
+
+


3
( ) Al OH | |
3
3
2 2
3
( )
OH Al
Cr OH
H AlO H O
+
+
+

+ +


Nhn xt: y l bi kim tra l thuyt n gin, tuy nhin Sn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
c tnh lng tnh th SGK ban
c bn khng ni r, nn nhiu em c th sai cu hi ny.
Tuy nhin nu thay Cr(OH)
3
bng Cr(OH)
2
th c l nhiu em hc sinh cng d b sai.
CH
2
OH
OH

CH
2
OH
OH

CH
3

OH

HO

CH
3

OH

OH

CH
3

OH

HO

OH

CH
3

OH

CH
2
OH
CH
3

OH

HO

CH
3

OH

HO

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Cu 15. in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
(in cc tr, mng ngn xp) n
kh khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc bay hi khng ng k).
Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l
A. KNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
B. KNO
3
v KOH.
C. KNO
3
, KCl v KOH.
D. KNO
3
, HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Hng dn:
Cc em cn nh rng: "Khi lng dung dch gim chnh l khi lng ca cht tch ra khi dung dch -
l cht kt ta v cht bay hi " Nh vy 10,75 gam l khi lng ca Cu to thnh v khi lng ca kh
thot ra ( c th l Cl
2
, O
2
, H
2
)
Theo bi ta c:
( ) ( )
3 2
2
3 2 2
2
( )
2
0,1 ; ; , ,
0,15
2 2 2

KCl
Cu NO
n mol Cl NO H O K Cu H O
n mol
Cl e Cl Cu e Cu
+ +
+
+

=
`

=
+
)

+ Gi s Clo b in phn ht => khi lng dung dch gim sau l:
m
Gim
= 0,05.71 + 0,05.64 = 6,75 gam < 10,75 gam => c thm qu trnh nc b in phn
2 2
2 4 4 H O e H O
+
+
+ Gi s Cu b in phn ht => khi lng dung dch gim l:
m
gim
= 0,15.64 + 0,05.71 + 0,05.32 = 14,75 gam > 10,75 gam => Cu
2+
cha b in phn ht
Vy dung dch sau in phn s gm c: KNO
3
, HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Gii theo hng s dng phng trnh phn ng
n
KCl
= 0,1 ;
3 2
( )
0,15
Cu NO
n mol =
2KCl + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Cu + 2KNO
3
+ Cl
2

0,1 ---------0,05-------0,05----------------0,05
KCl ht , Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn = 0,15 0,05 = 0,1
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O Cu + 2HNO
3
+ 1/2O
2

x---------------------x---------------------1/2x
m
dung dch gim
= m
Cu kt ta
+
( )
2 2
Cl O
m
+

(0,05 + x)64 + 0,05.71 + 1/2x.32 = 10,75 x = 0,05
Cu(NO
3
)
2
vn cn d dung dch sau p cha KNO
3
; HNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Nhn xt:
+ Nu bi tnh chnh xc nng cht tan c trong dung dch sau mt thi gian th cc em phi xt lng Cu
to thnh sau phn ng phn ng vi lng HNO
3
to ra bao nhiu nh.
+ V trong qu trnh in phn Cu khng th tc dng c vi HNO
3
. Nhng khi ngt dng in th c phn
ng nh.
Cu 16. Khi ni v peptit v protein, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c gi l lin kt peptit.
B. Tt c cc protein u tan trong nc to thnh dung dch keo.
C. Protein c phn ng mu biure vi Cu(OH)
2
.
D. Thy phn hon ton protein n gin thu c cc -amino axit.
Hng dn:
+ Lin kt peptit: lin kt ng ho tr (-CO-NH-) gia nhm - caboxyl ca mt axit amin (amino axit) ny
vi nhm - amin ca mt axit amin khc, loi tr mt phn t nc.

N H
2
CH
R1
C
O
OH
N CH
H
H R1
C
OH
O
N H
2
CH
R1
C
O
N CH
H
R1
C
OH
O
O H
2

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Sn phm ca phn ng ny l 1 ipeptit, nu c 3, 4, 5... hoc nhiu axit kt hp vi nhau, to thnh cc
peptit c tn tng ng l tripeptit, tetrapeptit, vv.
Nu ta vt t "" trong mnh A. Lin kt ca nhm CO vi nhm NH gia hai n v -amino axit c
gi l lin kt peptit. Ri hi c bao nhiu pht biu ng th c th nhiu em hc khng chc chn s sai.
+ Phn ng mu biure: phc cht mu tm c trng
- Amino axit v ipeptit khng cho phn ng ny. Cc tripeptit tr ln tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
to phc cht mu
tm
+ Protein c phn thnh 2 loi:
- Protein n gin: c to thnh ch t cc -amino axit
- Protein phc tp: c to thnh t cc protein n gin kt hp vi cc phn t khng phi protein (phi
protein) nh axit nucleic, lipit, cacbohirat
V c th tn ti hai dng: dng hnh si v dng hnh cu
Dng protein hnh si nh : keratin ca tc, mng, sng hon ton khng tan trong nc
Dng protein hnh cu nh : anbumin ca lng trng trng, hemoglobin ca mu tan c trong nc
to dung dch keo
Khi t chy protein s cho ta mi kht
Cu 17. Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(1) t dy st trong kh clo.
(2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (trong iu kin khng c oxi).
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO
3
(long, d).
(4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
(5) Cho Fe vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, d).
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st (II) ?
A. 3 B. 2 B. 4 D. 1
Hng dn:
Fe + Cl
2
=> FeCl
3

Fe + S => FeS
FeO + HNO
3

(long, d)
=> Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + H
2
O
Fe + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
=> FeSO
4

Fe + H
2
SO
4 (long d)
=> FeSO
4
+ H
2

=> 3 phng trnh phn ng to ra mui st (II)
Cu 18. Sn phm hu c ca phn ng no sau y khng dng ch to t tng hp?
A. Trng hp vinyl xianua.
B. Trng ngng axit -aminocaproic.
C. Trng hp metyl metacrylat.
D. Trng ngng hexametyleniamin vi axit aipic.
Hng dn:
+ T nitron (hay olon) c tng hp t vinyl xianua (thng gi l acrilonitrin) CH
2
=CH-CN
CH
2
=CH-CN CH
2
CH
CN
* *
n
n

+ Nilon -6 hay t capron
H
2
N-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH
NH CH
2
C
*
5
O
*
n

O H
2
+

+ Thy tinh hu c ( plexiglas) hay poli(metyl metacrylat) dng lm cht do
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CH
2
C COO CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
*
C
COO
CH
3
CH
3
*
n

+ Nilon 6,6
NH
2
CH
2
NH
2 6
HOCO CH
2
COOH
4
C CH
2
C
4
O
NH CH
2
NH
6
*
O
*
n

+

Cu 19. Phn chua c dng trong ngnh cng nghip thuc da, cng nghip giy, cht cm mu trong ngnh
nhum vi, cht lm trong nc. Cng thc ha hc ca phn chua l
A. Li
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
C. K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
B. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O.
D. Na
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O
Hng dn:
Theo sch gio khoa: Li
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O; (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O; (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O
c gi chung l phn nhm
Nhn xt: y l mt cu hi c trong SGK, nu hi c bao nhiu cht thuc loi phn chua th hay hn.
+ Cc em hc sinh no hay mc qun Jean th nn ngm qun mt m qua nc phn chua , khi qun s t
b phai mu.
+ Nu chiu ci hoc chiu tre v ma ma, m cao hay b mc. Chng ta c th git bng nc phn chua
long, khi chiu s khng b mc na
+ Phn chua cn cha c bnh hi nch na.
+ Mt s cng dng khc ca phn chua: Cha cao huyt p; Cha vim tai gia mn tnh; Cha st rt; Cha
ho ra mu; .
Cu 20. Trung ha 3,88 gam hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h bng dung dch
NaOH, c cn ton b dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,2 gam mui khan. Nu t chy hon ton 3,88 gam
X th th tch oxi (ktc) cn dng l
A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 2,24 lt.
Hng dn:
Gi cng thc chung ca hn hp acid no, n chc, mch h l: C
n
H
2n
O
2

Ta c c 1 mol C
n
H
2n
O
2
=> mui C
n
H
2n-1
O
2
Na

th khi lng tng thm 22 gam
x mol ------------------------------- tng thm 5,2 3,88 = 1,32 gam
=> S mol ca acid C
n
H
2n
O
2
l: 0,06 mol v 14n + 32 = 64,67 => n = 2,33
C
n
H
2n
O
2
+
3 2
2
n
O
2
=> nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
Vy th tch kh O
2
cn dng t chy l: 0,06.
3 2
2
n
= 0,15 mol =>
2
3, 36 mol
O
V =
Cu 21. Ha tan 13,68 gam mui MSO
4
vo nc c dd X. in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng dng
in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn
nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l
A. 3,920. B. 1,680. C. 4,480. D. 4,788.
Hng dn:

2 2
4 4
MSO M SO
+
+


(+)Anot
2
4 2
; H SO O


(-)Catot
2
2
; H M O
+

2 2
2 4 4 H O e O H
+
+

2
2 2
2
2 2 2
M e M
H O e H OH
+

+
+ +

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in phn trong thi gian t giy thu c 0,035 mol kh anot l kh O
2
vy 2t giy ta s thu c
0,035.2 = 0,07 mol kh, nhng thc t ta thu c 0,1245 mol kh, s chnh lch s mol l do in phn
nc to kh H
2


2
H
n = 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545
H
2
O H
2
+ 1/2O
2

0,0545----0,02725

2
O
n to ra do mui in phn = 0,07 0,02725 = 0,04275
MSO
4
+ H
2
O M + H
2
SO
4
+ 1/2O
2

0,0855-----------------------------------0,04275
M
mui
= 13,68/0,0855 = 160 M = 64
m
Cu
tnh theo t giy l m
Cu
= 2.0.035.64 = 4,480 gam
Nhn xt:
lm c bi tp ny cc em phi hiu bn cht ca bi ton in phn
y l bi tp tng i kh nu cc em khng bit bn cht v in phn, hoc ch hc theo sgk cng kh
lm c bi tp ny.
Cu 22. Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi xenluloz (hiu sut phn ng 60%
tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz th khi lng xenluloz trinitrat iu ch c l
A. 3,67 tn. B. 2,97 tn. C. 1,10 tn. D. 2,20 tn.
Hng dn:
( ) ( )
60%
6 7 2 3 3 6 7 2 2 3 2
( ) 3 ( ) 3
H
n n
C H O OH nHNO C H O ONO nH O
=
+ +
Theo bi ta c m
xenluloz trinitrat
=
2 60
. .297 2, 2
162 100
= tn
Cu 23. Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,025M v
Ca(OH)
2
0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,75. B. 1,25. C. 1,00. D. 2,00.
Hng dn:


2
2
2 2
3
2 3
2
2 3 2
2
2 2
3
0, 03
1, 67
0, 05 2
0, 03
0, 02 0, 0125
2 0, 05
mol
n
n mol
mol; n mol
Ca
x CO x
OH
CO
OH
y y y
CO Ca
CO OH HCO
n
T
n CO OH CO H O
x y
n y
x y
CO

+


+
+
=

= =
`
= + +
)

+ =
= = =

+ =

2
3 3
3
0, 0125 1, 25 n gam
CaCO CaCO
Ca
CaCO
n m
+

= = =

Nhn xt :
y l bi tp c ra i ra li nm 2008, 2009 v 2011
Nhng hai nm 2008 v 2009 l ly hiu OH
-
- tr i CO
2
ri nhn vi 100 ra CaCO
3
hay
nhn vi 197 ra BaCO
3

Nm nay em no khng ch chc s chn p n A. 2 gam, v c ngh ging nm trc.
Phi chng sau 3 nm n s lp li tun hon theo th hnh sin chng?
y l dng bi tp quen thuc m ch cn bm my tnh cng cho kt qu.
Cu 24. Qung st manhetit c thnh phn chnh l
A. Fe
2
O
3
. B. FeCO
3
. C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. FeS
2
.
Hng dn:
FeS
2
: Qung pirit (Him c trong t nhin) Fe
3
O
4
: Qung manhetit
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Fe
2
O
3
: Qung hematit ; Fe
2
O
3
.nH
2
O qung hematit nu FeCO
3
: Qung xiderit
Cu 25. Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm
3
. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi cc nguyn t
l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l
thuyt l
A. 0,155 nm. B. 0,185 nm. C. 0,168 nm. D. 0,196 nm.
Hng dn:
y l bi thuc v mng ha hc 10, i hi cc em phi ghi nh nhiu v mt cng thc ton hc
m
D
V
=
3
4
3
V R = N = 6,02.10
23
nguyn t
+ Th tch 1 mol tinh th Ca : V = 40/1,55 = 25,81 cm
3

+ Th tch 1 mol nguyn t Ca : V = 25,81.74% = 19,1 cm
3

+ Th tch 1 nguyn t Ca : V = 19,1/(6,02.10
23
) = 3,17.10
-23

p dng cng thc : V = 4.R
3
/3 R =
3
( 3V/4 .) = 1,96.10
-8
cm = 0,196 nm
Cu 26. Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn t este, s
nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d)
th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5.
Hng dn:
Este c dng
CH
2
CH
2
RCOO
R'COO

S nguyn t O = 4 s nguyn t C = 5 => Vy R = 1 v R = 15
CH
2
CH
2
HCOO
CH
3
-COO

n
NaOH
= 10/40 = 0,25 n
este
= 1/2.0,25 = 0,125
m = 0,125.132 = 16,5 gam
Cu 27. Cho cn bng ho hc: H
2
(k) + I
2
(k) 2HI (k); H > 0. Cn bng khng b chuyn dch khi
A. tng nng H
2
. B. gim nng HI.
C. gim p sut chung ca h. D. tng nhit ca h.
Hng dn:
y l mng kin thc ha hc lp 10 cui k II.
Phn ny chng ta cn phi ghi nh nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng:
Mi s thay i ca cc yu t xc nh trng thi ca mt h cn bng lm cho cn bng chuyn dch v
pha chng li nhng thay i .
=> Yu t khng lm cho cn bng dch chuyn l p sut (do tng h s phn t kh trc v sau phn ng
l nh nhau)
Cu 28. Chia hn hp X gm K, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 0,784 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
- Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H
2
O, thu c 0,448 lt kh H
2
(ktc) v m gam hn hp kim loi Y. Ho tan
hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca K, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l:
A. 0,39; 0,54; 1,40. B. 0,39; 0,54; 0,56. C. 0,78; 0,54; 1,12. D. 0,78; 1,08; 0,56.
Hng dn:
+ Phn 1:
2
H
n = 0,035 + Phn 2: hn hp kim loi Y l Al d v Fe
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K
1
2
H
2
K
1
2
H
2

a-------
2
a
(I) a-------
2
a

Al
3
2
H
2
Al
3
2
H
2

y--------
3
2
y a--------
3
2
a
Ta c
2
a
+
3
2
a= 0,02 mol a = 0,01
Th a = 0,01 vo (I) 1/2a + 3/2y = 0,035 y = 0,02
n
Al
trong hn hp Y = y a = 0,02 0,01 = 0,01
2
H
n thu c khi Y p vi HCl = 0,025 mol
Al
3
2
H
2

0,01------0,015
2
H
n do Fe to ra = 0,025 0,015 = 0,01 = n
Fe

Khi lng mi kim loi trong mi phn: m
Al
= 0,02.27 = 0,54 ; m
K
= 0,01.39 = 0,39 ; m
Fe
= 0,01.56 = 0,56
Cu 29. Cho 0,87 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 300 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,32 gam cht rn v c 448 ml kh (ktc) thot ra. Thm tip vo
bnh 0,425 gam NaNO
3
, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh
v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 0,224 lt v 3,750 gam. B. 0,112 lt v 3,750 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 3,865 gam. D. 0,224 lt v 3,865 gam.
Hng dn:

2 4
H SO
n = 0,03
H
n
+
= 0,06;
2
H
n = 0,02 < 2.
H
n
+
=> Fe v Al tan ht v 0,32 gam kim loi l Cu
n
Cu
= 0,005
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2

x 2x x x
Al + 3H
+
Al
3+
+
3
2
H
2
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta c : x + 1,5y = 0,02 (1)
56x + 27y = 0,87 0,32 = 0,55 (2)
(1) V (2) x = 0,005 v y = 0,01
Dung dch sau p c :

2
Fe
n
+
= 0,005 v
H
n
+
cn li
= 0,06 2x 3y = 0,06 2.0,005 3.0,01 = 0,02 ;
3
NaNO
n = 0,005
3Fe
2+
+ 4H
+
+ NO
3
-
3Fe
3+
+ NO + 2H
2
O
0,005
1
150

0, 005
3

0, 005
3


H
n
+
cn
= 0,02
1
150
=
1
75
;
3
NO
n

= 0,005
0, 005
3
=
1
300

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
-
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
0,005
1
75

1
300

1
300

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Sau phn ng H
+
v NO
3
-
va ht
n
NO
=
0, 005
3
+
1
300
= 0,005 V
NO
= 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 lt
m
mui
= m
cc kim loi ban u
+
2
4
SO Na
m m
+
+ = 0,87 + 0,03.96 + 0,005.23 = 3,865gam.
Cu 30. t chy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt lin kt
i C=C trong phn t, thu c V lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v y mol H
2
O. Biu thc lin h gia cc gi tr x, y v V
l
A. V =
28
( 30 )
55
x y . B. V =
28
( 62 )
95
x y C. V =
28
( 30 )
55
x y + . D. V =
28
( 62 )
95
x y + .
Hng dn :
Cng thc chung ca cc axit trn l : C
n
H
2n-4
O
4

C
n
H
2n-4
O
4
nCO
2
+ (n-2)H
2
O
T phng trnh ta thy : n
axit
= (
2 2
2
CO H O
n n
) n
axit
=
22, 4
2
V
y

Khi lng axit = x gam = m
C/axit
+ m
H/axit
+ m
O/axit

x = 12
22, 4
V
+ 2y +
22, 4
2
V
y
.4.16 V = 28/55(x + 30y)
Cu 31. Cho dy cc cht v ion: Fe, Cl
2
, SO
2
, NO
2
, C, Al, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
. S cht v ion va c tnh
oxi ho, va c tnh kh l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 8.
Hng dn:
Cht va c c tnh oxi ha va c c tnh kh => cht v ion phi c s oxi ha trung gian
+ Fe c th c c cc s oxi ha: +3; +2; 0
+ Cl c th c c cc s oxi ha: +7, + 5, + 3, +1, 0, - 1
+ S c th c c cc s oxi ha: +6, +4, 0, -2
+ N c th c c cc s oxi ha: + 5, + 4, + 3, +2, +1, 0, -3
+ C c th c c cc s oxi ha: +4, +2, 0, -4
+ Al c th c c cc s oxi ha: +3, 0
+ Mg c th c c cc s oxi ha: +2, 0
+ Na c th c c cc s oxi ha: +1, 0
=> Vy c : Cl
2
, SO
2
, NO
2
, C, Fe
2+

Cu 32. Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo.
B. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl.
C. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot.
D. Tnh kh ca ion Br
-
ln hn tnh kh ca ion Cl
-
.
Hng dn:
+ Trong mt nhm t F => I th bn knh nguyn t tng dn => A ng
+ i t HF => HI th tnh acid tng dn (do bn knh nguyn t tng dn t F => I) => B sai
+ Trong mt nhm t F => I th m in gim dn (Flo l nguyn t c m in ln nht)
+ Theo trn th t F => I th tnh oxi ha ca F > Cl > Br > I => Tnh kh ca I Br Cl F

> > >
Nhn xt: Nhiu em hc sinh thng nhm ln axit HF c tnh axit mnh hn HCl v m in ca F ln hn
m in ca Cl (Mt nhm ln cht ngi)
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Khi so snh tnh axit v c khng cha oxi ta khng dng m in m phi so snh di lin kt
ha hc gia nguyn t trung tm v H (xem thm chuyn so snh tnh axit-bazo ca axit v c; hu c)
Cu 33. t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic, ri
hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v dung
dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
ban u thay i nh th no?
A. Tng 2,70 gam. B. Gim 7,74 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,38 gam.
Hng dn:
+ axit acrylic: CH
2
=CH-COOH
+ vinyl axetat: CH
3
COOCH=CH
2

+ metyl acrylat: CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3

+ axit oleic: CH
3
(CH
2
)
7
CH = CH(CH
2
)
7
COOH
Chng u c cng thc chung dng: C
n
H
2n-2
O
2

C
n
H
2n-2
O
2
=> nCO
2
+ (n-1)H
2
O
( )
2
2
2
2 2
6 1
0,18 .18 2, 7
3, 42
6 0,18 14 30 . 6
0,18
0,18.44 7, 92
7, 38
gam
mol
m gam
gam
H O
CO
CO
CO H O
m
n n n n
m m m m


= =

= + = =

= =

= + =

Vy khi lng dung dch gim i 7,38 gam
Hoc c th theo phng php bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t:
T pt chy ta thy
2 2 2 2 2 n n
C H O CO H O
n n n

=
2 3
CO CaCO
n n = = 0,18
gi
2
H O
n

= a
2 2 2 n n
C H O
n

= 0,18 a.
gi s mol O
2
l y
+ Bo ton nguyn t O : (0,18 a)2 + 2y = 0,18.2 + a -3a + 2y = 0 (1)
+ Bo ton khi lng : 3,42 + 32y = 0,18.44 + 18a -18a + 32y = 4,5 (2)
(1) v (2) a = 0,15
( )
2 2
CO H O
m
+
= 0,18.44 + 0,15.18 = 10,62
Khi lng dung dch gim = 18 10,62 = 7,38gam.
Ch : Cn phn bit c khi lng bnh tng so vi ban u v khi lng dung dch trong bnh tng hay
gim so vi ban u.
Nu cn bng phng trnh trn sai s dn n cc kt qu khc ( Nu hc sinh no cn
bng h s ca oxi l 1,5n s dn n gim 7,74 gam ( khng tin th m xem)
Cu 34. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C
2
H
2
, C
3
H
4

v C
4
H
4

(s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu c 0,09
mol CO
2
. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3

trong
NH
3
, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca C
3
H
4

v C
4
H
4

trong X ln lt l:
A. CHC-CH
3
, CH
2
=C=C=CH
2
. B. CH
2
=C=CH
2
, CH
2
=C=C=CH
2
.
C. CHC-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CCH. D. CH
2
=C=CH
2
, CH
2
=CH-CCH.
Hng dn:


2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2
3 4 2 3 4
3
4 4 2 4 4
4
2
3 2 3 4 0, 09 0, 01
4
m=240.0,01=2,4 gam<4
mol
a
a a a
a a a
a a a
C H C Ag
C H CO
C H CO a a a a C H
C H CO C H

+ + = =
`


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=> Loi p n B
+ Gii s ch c C
3
H
4
to ra kt ta => khi lng kt ta l: = 2,4 + 1,47 = 3,87 gam < 4 => loi p n A
+ Gii s ch c C
4
H
4
to ra kt ta => khi lng kt ta l: = 2,4 + 1,59 = 3,99 gam < 4 => loi p n D
Vy c C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
4
u to ra kt ta => Cng thc cu to: CHC-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CCH
Cu 35. Cho dy cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol, ancol benzylic,
natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long, un nng l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 6.
Hng dn:
C
6
H
5
NH
3
Cl + NaOH => C
6
H
5
NH
2
+ NaCl

+ H
2
O
6 5 2 6 5 2
C H CH Cl NaOH C H CH OH NaCl + +
3 2 3 2
( ) ( ) CH CH Cl NaOH CH CH OH NaCl + +
3 6 4 3 6 4 2
CH C H OH NaOH CH C H ONa H O + +
6 5 2
C H CH OH NaOH +
6 5
C H ONa NaOH +
2 2 2 2
CH CH CH Cl NaOH CH CH CH OH NaCl = + = +
Vy c 5 phng trnh phn ng
Cu 36. Khi so snh NH
3

vi
4
NH
+
, pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong NH
3

v
4
NH
+
, nit u c s oxi ha -3.
B. NH
3
c tnh baz,
4
NH
+
c tnh axit.
C. Phn t NH
3

v ion
4
NH
+
u cha lin kt cng ha tr.
D. Trong NH
3

v
4
NH
+
nit u c cng ha tr 3.
Hng dn: Phn t NH
3
c cng ha tr l 3 v ion
4
NH
+
u cha lin kt cng ha tr l 4.
Cu 37. Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO
3

0,6M v H
2
SO
4

0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c cn cn thn ton b dung dch sau phn ng th khi
lng mui khan thu c l
A. 19,76 gam. B. 20,16 gam. C. 19,20 gam. D. 22,56 gam.
Hng dn:
y l dng ton kh quen thuc, chng ta thng s dng phng trnh ion rt gn xt v phn ng


3 2 4
3
2
4
2
3 2
0,32 0,12
0,12
0,12
2 0, 32
3 8 2 3 2 4
0,12
0,1
mol
n mol
n mol
n mol
Cu
HNO H SO
H
NO
SO
n
n n
Cu H NO Cu NO H O
+

+ +
=

= + =

+ + + +
`
=

=
)

Dung dch sau p c :
0,12 mol Cu
2+
; 0,1 mol
2
4
SO

; v (0,12 0,08) = 0,04 mol NO
3
-

m
mui
= 0,12.64 + 0,1.96 + 0,04.62 = 19,76 gam.
Cu 38. Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c axit
axetylsalixylic (o-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin). phn ng hon ton vi 43,2
gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,48. B. 0,72. C. 0,24. D. 0,96.
Hng dn:
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OH
COOH
(CH
3
CO)
2
O
OCOCH
3
COOH
CH
3
COOH
+
+

OCOCH
3
COOH
KOH
OK
COOK
CH
3
COOK
O H
2 +
+
+
3
2

Theo phng trnh phn ng ta c n
KOH
= 3n
aspirin
=
43, 2
3. 0, 24.3 0, 72
180
mol = =
y l mt cu kh hay, i hi hc sinh phi lm c l thuyt. Qua phn bi ny chng ta cn
phi ghi nh v tnh acid yu ca nhm OH khi n c gn trc tip vo vng benzene (hp cht ca
phenol)
Nu coi axit axetylsalixylic (o-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) ch tc dng vi NaOH nh l axit hoc
nh l este th s dn n p n D. 0,24
Nu coi c axit phn ng v este phn ng th s c p n B. 0,48
p n C. 0,96 c a vo mt cch ngu nhin hay l nhn i p n B. 0,48
Axit axetylsalixylic (o-CH
3
COO-C
6
H
4
-COOH) dng lm thuc cm (aspirin) l cha chnh xc
lm. M thc cht n l thuc gim au (Thng thng nhng ngi au u, hay au tim th hay phi
dng aspirin )
Ch : Loi ny c hi cho d dy.
Aspirin, hay acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), (acetosal) l mt dn xut ca acid salicylic, thuc nhm thuc
chng vim non-steroid; c tc dng gim au, h st, chng vim; n cn c tc dng chng kt tp tiu
cu, khi dng liu thp ko di c th phng nga au tim v hnh thnh cc nghn trong mch mu.
Cu 39. Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(1) Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch Ca(HCO
3
)
2
.
(2) Cho dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
(3) Sc kh H
2
S vo dung dch FeCl
2
.
(4) Sc kh NH
3
ti d vo dung dch AlCl
3
.
(5) Sc kh CO
2
ti d vo dung dch NaAlO
2
(hoc Na[Al(OH)
4
]).
(6) Sc kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO
4
.
Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, c bao nhiu th nghim thu c kt ta?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4.
Hng dn:
y l dng cu hi tng i d nhng hc sinh li thng d nhm ln v cc em hc sinh li xem l thuyt.
1:1
3 2 3 3 2 2
3 3 2
2:1
3 2 2 3 3 2
( )
2 ( ) 2
NaOH Ca HCO NaHCO CaCO H O
OH HCO Ca CaCO H O
NaOH Ca HCO Na CO CaCO H O
+
+ + +

+ + +
`
+ + +

)

2 2 3 3
2 2
3 3 2
( )
4 2
3 ( ) 3
d
d
HCl NaAlO H O NaCl Al OH
H AlO Al H O
HCl Al OH AlCl H O
+ +
+ + +

+ +
`
+ +

)

2 2
H S FeCl + (do FeS c kh nng tan trong HCl) FeS HCl +
3 2 3 3 4
3 3 ( ) 3 NH H O AlCl Al OH NH Cl + + +
2 2 2 3 3
2 ( ) CO H O NaAlO NaHCO Al OH + + +
2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2
( ) CH CH KMnO H O C H OH MnO KOH = + + + +
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Vy => c 4 th nghim to ra kt ta.
Trong phn ny thy xin lu thm:
+ CuS l kt ta khng tan trong acid
+ Cc mui ca Cu, Zn c kh nng b ha tan trong dung dch NH
3

+ Dung dch HCl nu dng ng theo t l th c kh nng to ra kt ta khi cho n tc dng vi
2
2 2
, ZnO AlO


Cu 40. t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO
2
bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th thu c 0,04
mol Ag. X l
A. anehit no, mch h, hai chc. B. anehit fomic.
C. anehit axetic. D. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc.
Hng dn:
T d kin:
+ Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th thu c 0,04 mol Ag =>
loi c p n C
+ Th tch kh CO
2
bng th tch hi nc =>
2 2
CO H O
n n = andehit no, n chc
- Cng thc tng qut ca andehit no, mch h, hai chc: C
n
H
2n-2
O
2
=>
2 2
H O CO
n n <
- Cng thc tng qut ca andehit khng no, mch h, hai chc: C
n
H
2n -2k-2
O
2
=>
2 2
H O CO
n n <
Vy => p n l B: anehit fomic (HCHO => CO
2
+ H
2
O)
y l mt cu tng i d, n ch i hi kin thc c bn :
HCHO => 4Ag RCHO => 2Ag R(CHO)
2
=> 4Ag

II. PHN RING [10 Cu]
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc phn B)

A. Theo chng trnh chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41. Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau mt thi gian, thu
c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, d), sau khi cc phn
ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu c ch cha mt mui duy nht. Phn
trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l:
A. 58,52% B. 51,85% C. 48,15% D. 41,48%
Hng dn:
Rn Z p vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long v cht rn gim 0,28 gam v thu c mt mui duy nht Z c Fe d
v Cu to ra
Vy trong Z c 0,28 gam Fe d v 2,84 0,28 = 2,56 gam Cu
m
hn hp X
p vi Cu
2+
= 2,7 0,28 = 2,42 gam
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca Fe v Zn => ta c:
Zn + CuSO
4
=> Cu + ZnSO
4

Fe + CuSO
4
=> Cu + FeSO
4

56x + 65y = 2,42 (1) v 64x + 64y = 2,56 (2)
(1) v (2) x = 0,02 m
Fe
(p vi Cu
2+
) = 0,02.56 = 1,12 m
Fe
ban u = 1,12 + 0,28 = 1,4
%m
Fe
= 1,4/2,7 = 51,85%.
Cu 42. Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu
2+
v Cr
3+
ln lt l :
A. [Ar]3d
9
v [Ar]3d
3
. B. [Ar]3d
7
4s
2
v [Ar]3d
1
4s
2
.
C. [Ar]3d
9
v [Ar]3d
1
4s
2
. D. [Ar]3d
7
4s
2
v [Ar]3d
3
.
Hng dn:
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Cu c s th t Z = 29 c 29e : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1
Cu
2+
c 27e [Ar]3d
9

Cr c s th t Z = 24 c 24e : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
Cr
3+
c 21e [Ar]3d
3

( Ar c 18e)
Mt electron th mt lp ngoi cng
Cu 43. Ancol etylic c iu ch t tinh bt bng phng php ln men vi hiu sut ton b qu trnh l
90%, Hp th ton b lng CO
2
, sinh ra khi ln men m gam tinh bt vo nc vi trong, thu c 330 gam
kt ta v dung dch X. Bit khi lng X gim i so vi khi lng nc vi trong ban u l 132 gam. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 405 B. 324 C. 486 D.297
Hng dn:
2
CO
m = m - m
dung dch gim
= 330 132 = 198g
2
CO
n = 198/44 = 4,5 mol
C
6
H
10
O
5
2C
2
H
5
OH + 2CO
2

m = 4,5/2 . 162 . 100/90 = 405 gam.
Nhn xt: Bi tp ny nu chn thm vo ru, tp cht tr, hiu sut mi qu trnh ln mem th hay hn
Cu 44. Dung dch no sau y lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh?
A. Dung dch alanin B. Dung dch glyxin C. Dung dch lysin D. Dung dch valin
Hng dn:
Trong phn t lysin c 2 nhm NH
2
v 1 nhm COOH
N H
2 OH
NH
2
O

c mi trng baz lm qu tm ha xanh.
Cn cc dung dch alanin, valin, glyxin c 1 nhm NH
2
v 1 nhm COOH
CH
3
NH
2
OH
O

N H
2 OH
O

mi trng trung tnh khng lm i mu qu
Cu 45. Cho hn hp X gm Fe
2
O
3
, ZnO v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d) thu c dung dch Y v
phn khng tan Z. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (long, d) thu c kt ta:
A. Fe(OH)
3
v Zn(OH)
2
B. Fe(OH)
2
, Cu(OH)
2
v Zn(OH)
2
C. Fe(OH)
3
D. Fe(OH)
2
v Cu(OH)
2

Hng dn:
Phn khng tan Z l Cu (d) dung dch Y cha cc ion Fe
2+
; Cu
2+
v Zn
2+
do lng NaOH d kt ta
Zn(OH)
2
to ra b tan ht, cn li 2 kt ta Fe(OH)
2
v Cu(OH)
2
.
Nhn xt:
Nu coi Cu khng phn ng, Zn(OH)
2
khng tan th s c p n A.
Nu coi Cu c phn ng vi Fe
3+
, Zn(OH)
2
khng tan th s c p n B
Nu coi Cu khng phn ng vi Fe
3+
v Zn(OH)
2
tan trong NaOH d th s c p n C.
bi khng ni r hn th nghim trn lm trong iu kin nh th no? c khng kh hay khng c
khng kh, quan st sau th nghim hay l mt lc sau mi quan st.
Nn xt mt kha cnh khc c th c p n l Fe(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
v Cu(OH)
2
??????????
Cu 46. X, Y ,Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O . X tc dng c vi Na v
khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc, Z khng tc dng c
vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
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A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH, CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO, CH
3
-CO-CH
3
.
B. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH, CH
3
-CO-CH
3
, CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO.
C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO, CH
3
-CO-CH
3
, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
D. CH
3
-CO-CH
3
, CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO, CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH.
Hng dn:
C
3
H
6
O c th l ru khng no, andehit va xeton no
+ X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc X l ru
+ Y khng tc dng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc Y l andehit
+ Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc Z l xeton.
Cu 47. Nhm nhng cht kh (hoc hi) no di y u gy hiu ng nh knh khi nng ca chng trong
kh quyn vt qu tiu chun cho php?
A. N
2
v CO B. CO
2
v O
2
C. CH
4
v H
2
O D.CO
2
v CH
4
Hng dn:
CO
2
v CH
4
u gy hiu ng nh knh.
Cu 48. Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, c mng ngn xp) th:
A. cc dng xy ra qu trinh oxi ha ion Na
+
v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl
-
.
B. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H
2
O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha Cl
-
.
C. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ha H
2
O v cc dng x ra qu trnh kh ion Cl
-
.
D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na
+
v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ion Cl
-
.
Hng dn:
Vi dng ny ta ch cn vit cc qu trnh xy ra in cc v hiu cc khi nim: " Cht kh, cht oxi
ha, cht b kh, cht b oxi ha, s kh, s oxi ha, qu trnh kh, qu trnh oxi ha"
Trong bnh in phn, ion Na
+
tin v cc m, do ion Na
+
c tnh oxi ha rt yu nn khng b kh m
nc s b kh, cn cc dng do Cl
-
c tnh kh mnh hn nc nn b oxi ha.
Nhn xt:
Nu ta nh iu kin v in phn dung dch th ta thy ion Na+ khng b in phn trong dung dch vi
in cc tr, than ch ( tr in cc thy ngn) th loi c p n A v C.
V bi khng ni r in phn n giai on no, nc b in phn hai in cc cha? Nu nc
b in phn c hai ic cc th cc dng cn xy ra qu trnh oxi ha c H
2
O na.
Cu 49. Ha hi 15,52 gam hn hp gm mt axit no n chc X v mt axit no a chc Y (s mol X ln hn
s mol Y), thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 5,6 gam N
2
(o cng trong iu kin nhit , p sut).
Nu t chy ton b hn hp hai axit trn th thu c 10,752 lt CO
2
(ktc) . CTCT ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH v HOOC-COOH B. CH
3
-COOH v HOOC-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH
C. H-COOH v HOOC-COOH D. CH
3
-COOH v HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
Hng dn:
2
N
n = n
X
= 5,6/28 = 0,2 v
2
CO
n = 0,48
C
trung bnh
= 0,48/0,2 = 2,4 (loi C)
Dng quy tc ng cho da vo s C v C trung bnh v d kin s mol X ln hn s mol Y
X l CH
3
COOH
Da vo d kin s mol mi cht theo quy tc ng cho v khi lng hn hp l 15,52 gam
Y l HOOC-CH
2
-COOH
Cu 50. Cho buta-1,3 - ien phn ng cng vi Br
2
theo t l mol 1:1. S dn xut ibrom (ng phn cu to
v ng phn hnh hc) thu c l:
A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
Hng dn:
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Buta-1,3-dien phn ng cng vi Br
2
cho hai sn phm cng ( sn phm cng 1,2 v sn phm cng 1,4 ) ring
sn phm cng 1,4 c thm ng phn cis trans.
Nhn xt: Cc em cn ch i vi hp cht cha lin kt i th khi bi xt v ng phn, ta cn phi ch
xem xt v ng phn hnh hc
ng phn hnh hc: mt loi ng phn khng gian m trong phn t c phn cng nhc (ni i, vng
no) lm cn tr s quay t do ca phn t. Vd. Cab = Ccd vi a b v c d (a, b, c v d l cc nguyn t hoc
nhm nguyn t) c hai ng phn:

Cc PHH khc nhau v tnh cht vt l. Chng c th chuyn t dng ny sang dng kia di tc dng ca
nhit, nh sng, tc nhn ho hc hoc t pht.

B. Theo chng trnh nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51. Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipetit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X gm cc amino axit
(cc amino axit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl trong phn t). Nu cho
1
10
hn hp X tc dng
vi dung dch HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung dch, th lng mui khan thu c l :
A. 7,09 gam. B. 16,30 gam C. 8,15 gam D. 7,82 gam.
Hng dn:

2
H O
m = 63,6 60 = 3,6
2
H O
n = 3,6/18 = 0,2
NH
2
-R-CO-NH-R-COOH + H
2
O NH
2
-R-COOH + NH
2
-R-COOH
0,2----------0,2------------------0,2
n
aminoaxit
= 0,4
1/10 hn hp X c 0,4/10 = 0,04 mol aminoaxit v 63,6/10 = 6,36 gam
n
HCl
= n
aminoaxit
= 0,04
m
mui
= m
aminoaxit
+ m
HCl
= 6,36 + 0,04.36,5 = 7,82 gam.
Cu 52. Ha tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 4,64 gam Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(long, rt d) sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X lm mt mu va 100 ml dung dch KMnO
4

0,1M. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,24 B. 3,2 C. 0,64 D.0,96
Hng dn:
3 4
Fe O
n = 0,02 ;
4
KMnO
n = 0,01
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,02--------------0,02-----0,04
Cu + 2Fe
3+
Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+

x----------------------------2x

2
Fe
n
+
= 0,02 + 2x
5Fe
2+
+ MnO
4
-
+ 8H
+
5Fe
3+
+ Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O
0,05-------0,01
0,02 + 2x = 0,05 x = 0,015 ; Vy m
Cu
= 0,015.64 = 0,96 gam.
Nhn xt: Nu dng mt lng d chnh xc H
2
SO
4
sao cho khi Fe
2+
tc dng ht vi
4
MnO


m lng H+ ht, sau trong mi trng trung tnh Mn
+7
b kh v Mn
+4
(MnO
2
) th chc chn bi tp s hay
hn v nhiu em hc sinh s sai
Cu 53. Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai?
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A. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn.
B. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.
C. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom.
D. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H
2
O to thnh sn phm khng bn.
Hng dn:
+ Lin kt i C=O fomandehit c phn ng cng nc nhng sn phm to ra c 2 nhm OH cng nh vo
1 nguyn t C nn khng bn.
+ Hidro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm bn gi l xianohidrin.
Cu 54. Cho s phn ng:
CHCH
HCN +
X; X
tr ng hp
polime Y; X + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2

ng trng hp
polime Z
Y v Z ln lt dng ch to vt liu polime no sau y?
A.T capron v cao su buna. B. T nilon-6,6 v cao su cloropren.
C. T olon v cao su buna-N. D. T nitron v cao su buna-S.
Hng dn:
X : CH
2
=CH-CN trng hp to poliacrilonitrin dng ch to t nitron hay cn gi l olon.
ng trng hp CH
2
=CH-CN + CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
ta thu c caosu buna - N
Cu 55. Dung dch X gm CH
3
COOH 1M (K
a
= 1,75.10
-5
) v HCl 0,001M . Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l:
A. 2,43 B. 2,33 C. 1,77 D. 2,55
Hng dn:
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

10
-3
-----10
-3

CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

B 1
P x-----------------x-----------x
Sp 1-x ----------------x-----------x
x(x + 10
-3
)/(1 x) = 1,75.10
-5
x = 3,705.10
-3

[H
+
] = 3,705.10
-3
+ 10
-3
= 4,705.10
-3

pH = -lg[H
+
] = 2,33
Nhn xt: Vi bi tp ny hc sinh no gii gn ng bng cng thc s sai s tng i ln.
Cu 56. Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng kh dd
no sau y?
A. Dung dch NH
3
B. Dung dch NaCl C.Dung dch NaOH D. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
long
Hng dn:
NH
3
d kt hp vi Cl
2
to sn phm khng c : 8NH
3
+ 3Cl
2
6NH
4
Cl + N
2.

Vi NaOH th ta c phng trnh
2NaOH + Cl
2
NaCl + NaClO + H
2
O
Nhn xt: Theo kin c nhn ca ti th c hai u hp th c, u kh c c, kh nng ca NaOH l
ln hn, tuy l trong khng kh, nhng kh Clo nng nn s bay l st mt ca phng th nghim. Trong thc
t trnh nhim mi trng v nhim c kh clo trong qu trnh lm th nghim chng ta cng thng dng
bng tm dung dch NaOH long.
Nu dng dung dch NH
3
th phi dng lng d mi kh c ht clo, m dng d th ha ra kh NH3 d li
thot ra lm nh hng mi trng chng? thay nhim c kh clo bng nhim c kh NH
3
.
Theo ti: Hi cht no kh c tt nht th hay hn. Tuy nhin ng t "Xt" cng lin tng cho chng ta l
ha cht a vo s d bay hi.
Cu 57. Hin tng xy ra khi nh vi git dung dch H
2
SO
4
vo dung dch Na
2
CrO
4
l:
A. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sau khng mu
B. Dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
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C. Dung dch chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam.
D. Dung dch chuyn t khng mu sang mu da cam
Hng dn:
2CrO
4
2-
+ 2H
+
Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ H
2
O
(mu vng) (mu da cam)
Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ 2OH
-
2CrO
4
2-
+ H
2
O
(mu da cam) (mu vng)
Cu 58. Cho cc phn ng sau:
Fe + 2Fe(NO
3
)
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
2

AgNO
3
+ Fe(NO
3
)
2
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag
Dy sp xp theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha cc ion kim loi l:
A. Ag
+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
B. Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
C. Fe
2+
, Ag
+
, Fe
3+
D. Ag
+
, Fe
3+
, Fe
2+

Hng dn:
Fe
3+
oxi ha Fe thnh Fe
2+
Fe
3+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Fe
2+

Ag
+
oxi ha c Fe
2+
thnh Fe
3+
Ag
+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Fe
3+

Vy : Ag
+
> Fe
3+
> Fe
2+
.
Cu 59. Cho dy chuyn ha sau
Benzen
2 4
0
, t
C H
xt
+
X
2
, Br as
T l mol 1:1
+
Y
2 5
0
/ KOH C H OH
t
Z (trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh)
Tn gi ca Y, Z ln lt l
A. benzylbromua v toluen B. 1-brom-1-phenyletan v stiren
C. 2-brom-1pheny1benzen v stiren D. 1-brom-2-phenyletan v stiren.
Hng dn:
C
6
H
6

2 4
0
, t
C H
xt
+
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3

C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3
2
, Br as
T l mol 1:1
+
C
6
H
5
CHBr-CH
3

C
6
H
5
CHBr-CH
3
2 5
0
/ KOH C H OH
t
C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
.
Cu 60. t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X ( to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol n
chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO
2
v 0,09 gam H
2
O. S este ng phn ca X l:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D.2
Hng dn:
2
CO
n = 0,005 ;
2
H O
n = 0,005 =>
2
CO
n =
2
H O
n este no, n vi cng thc tng qut l C
n
H
2n
O
2

C
n
H
2n
O
2
nCO
2

0,005/n -----0,005
M = 0,11n/0,005 = 22n 14n + 32 = 22n n = 4 este C
4
H
8
O
2
c 4 ng phn este.
O
CH
2
CH
2
C
H
O
CH
3

O
CH
CH
3
C
H
O
CH
3

O
CH
2
CH
3
C
C H
3
O

O
CH
3
C
CH
2
O
CH
3

Nhn xt: Nu hi c bao nhiu ng phn c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng hay c bao nhiu ng
phn cho ancol bc 1 hoc ancol bc hai th s hay hn. Hc sinh khng s dng c cng thc tnh ng
phn

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LI KT

Trn y l li gii chi tit thi i hc mn Ha, khi A nm 2011.Tuy li gii hi di, nhng chng
ti c trnh by cch t duy trong qu trnh gii, vn phong d hiu. Rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca
cc em hc sinh v ng nghip bi gii hay hn v n nhiu bn c.
Trong qu trnh nh my khng th trnh khi sai st, mong bn c gp cho chng ti hoc tho
lun ti :
DIN N HA HC VIT NAM
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Din n ca cng ng yu Ha Hc Vit Nam

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TT Luyn Thi & Bi Dng Kin Thc Ngy Mi























Trung tm ca chng ti nhn ging dy
1. Lp luyn thi i hc
2. Lp 11 ln 12
3. Lp 10 ln 11
4. Luyn thi vo 10 cc trng THPT chuyn Ha
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