MON HOC:

AM HOC KIEN TRUC

ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS

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MUC TIEU CUA MON HOC?

SINH VIEN NAM BAT C NHNG KIEN THC C BAN NHAT

VE AM HOC VA CAC NG DUNG VAO THIET KE CONG TRNH
KIEN TRUC

SINH VIEN BIET CACH VAN DUNG NHNG KIEN THC A HOC
VAO THC TE QUA VIEC THC HANH TNH TOAN VA THIET KE
TRANG AM, CHONG ON TRONG CONG TRNH KIEN TRUC

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YEU CAU OI VI SINH VIEN?

SINH VIEN CO MAT AY U (> 80%) VA UNG GI

OC TRC GIAO TRNH TRC KHI LEN LP

PHAT BIEU Y KIEN BAT C LUC NAO CAM THAY CHA HIEU
BAI

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TAI LIEU MON HOC

GIAO TRNH CHNH:

C S AM HOC KIEN TRUC VIET HA, NGUYEN NGOC GIA NHA XUAT BAN XAY
DNG

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:

TCXDVN 355 2005 : THIET KE NHA HAT PHONG KHAN GIA

TCXD 150-1986 : THIET KE CHONG ON CHO NHA

TCXDVN 175:2005 : MC ON TOI A CHO PHEP TRONG CONG TRNH CONG CONG

ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS (Elsevier Academic Press)

AUDITORIUM ACOUSTICS AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN (SPON Press)

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CHNG I

ON TAP

I.

DAO ONG

II.

SONG C

III.

SONG AM

IV.

AM VAT LY VA AM HNH HOC

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I.

DAO ONG

1.

DAO ONG C IEU HOA (D AN HOI, D N)

2.

DAO ONG PHC TAP

3.

NANG LNG CUA DAO ONG

4.

DAO ONG TAT DAN

5.

DAO ONG CNG BC

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I.1.

DAO ONG C IEU HOA

DAO ONG C IEU HOA LA DAO ONG KHONG OI THEO THI
GIAN

MOT HE DAO ONG C NAO CUNG BAO GOM

LO XO AN HOI (he so an hoi K)

PHAN T DAO ONG (Khoi lng m)

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I.1.

DAO ONG C IEU HOA

E KHAO SAT DAO ONG C IEU HOA, TA CHUYEN HE DAO
ONG THANG THANH DAO ONG TRON

PHNG TRNH DAO ONG

X = a sin 0 .t

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I.1.

DAO ONG C IEU HOA

CAC AC TRNG
BIEN O DAO ONG: O DI CC AI T V TR CAN BANG

a = X max
CHU KY DAO ONG T (s): THI GIAN CAN THIET E m THC
HIEN MOT DAO ONG TOAN PHAN
TAN SO DAO ONG: SO DAO ONG TOAN PHAN THC HIEN C
TRONG MOT GIAY

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1
f = (Hz)
T

I.1.

DAO ONG C IEU HOA

CAC MOI QUAN HE:

m
T = 2
K

0
f =
2

0 =
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K
= 2 f
m

1
f =
2

K
m

I.2.

HE DAO ONG PHC TAP

THC TE THNG GAP NHNG VAT DAO ONG PHC TAP CO

TNH AN HOI VA KHOI LNG LAN VAO NHAU HE DAO ONG
PHC TAP

HE DAO ONG PHC TAP: NHNG DAO ONG PHC TAP GOM
NHIEU TAN SO TRONG O CO MOT TAN SO C BAN VA NHNG
TAN SO PHU HOA BAO PHU QUANH TAN SO C BAN.

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I.3.

NANG LNG CUA DAO ONG

NANG LNG CUA DAO ONG C IEU HOA:

E = E + Et
ONG NANG: CONG DO PHAN T KHOI LNG m CHUYEN ONG
VI VAN TOC v:

1
E = mv 2
2

THE NANG: CONG DO NGOAI LC GAY RA O DCH CHUYEN X:

1 2
E = E + Et = Ka
2

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1
Et = KX 2
2

I.4.

DAO ONG TAT DAN

THC TE, MOI TRNG LUON LUON TON TAI LC CAN (LC MA
SAT) BIEN O DAO ONG GIAM DAN NANG LNG DO
NGOAI LC F TAC ONG GIAM DAN DAO ONG TAT DAN
NANG LNG DAO ONG TAT DAN CO HAI NGUYEN NHAN C
BAN:
NANG LNG KHUECH TAN (BC XA) VAO MOI TRNG XUNG
QUANH (CHUYEN THANH NANG LNG SONG)
MOI TRNG TON TAI LC MA SAT (CHUYEN THANH NHIET
NANG)
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I.5.

DAO ONG CNG BC

E DUY TR DAO ONG KHONG B TAT DAN TAC ONG LEN

PHAN T M MOT NGOAI LC TUAN HOAN (PHU HP VI TAN SO
DAO ONG C BAN) NGOAI LC CNG BC TUAN HOAN. KHI
O HE THC HIEN DAO ONG CNG BC

HIEN TNG CONG HNG XAY RA KHI: TONG LC B TRIET

TIEU VA TONG LC MANH LEN GAP BOI THE HIEN BIEN O
DAO ONG TANG LEN

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II.

SONG C
I.

S HNH THANH SONG

II.

MOT SO KHAI NIEM VA AC TRNG CUA SONG

III.

S GIAO THOA CUA SONG

IV.

S KHUC XA CUA SONG

V.

S PHAN XA CUA SONG

VI.

SONG NG

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II.1.

S HNH THANH SONG C

MOI TRNG AN HOI ?

SONG C (SONG AN HOI) CH TON TAI TRONG MOI TRNG

AN HOI

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II.2.

MOT SO KHAI NIEM VA AC TRNG CUA

SONG

a.

MOT SO KHAI NIEM

b.

CAC AC TRNG CUA SONG

VAN TOC TRUYEN SONG

BC SONG

( m)

CHU KY T

T (s)

TAN SO

f ( Hz )

NANG LNG SONG

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C (m / s)

II.3.

S GIAO THOA CUA SONG

S GIAO THOA LA S GAP G CUA CAC SONG

MOI TRNG CO CAC SONG GAP NHAU GOI LA MIEN GIAO THOA

MIEN GIAO THOA CO HAI AC TRNG QUAN TRONG

TNH CHAT OC LAP CUA CAC SONG
S TONG HP CUA CAC SONG

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II.4.

S KHUC XA CUA SONG

KHUC XA SONG TRONG MOI TRNG CO GIO

KHUC XA SONG DO NHIET O

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II.4.

S KHUC XA CUA SONG

KHUC XA SONG TRONG MOI TRNG CO GIO

GIO CUNG CHIEU TIA SONG PHNG TRUYEN SONG CO XU
HNG LECH XUONG
GIO NGC CHIEU VI TIA SONG PHNG TRUYEN SONG CO
XU HNG I LEN

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II.4.

S KHUC XA CUA SONG

KHUC XA SONG DO NHIET

VAO BAN EM
TIA SONG HNG
LECH XUONG

VAO BAN NGAY

TIA SONG HNG
I LEN

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II.5.

S PHAN XA CUA SONG

KHI KCH THC BE MAT PHAN XA LN HN CHIEU DAI BC

SONG TA CO PHAN XA NH HNG (PHAN XA MAT GNG)
TUAN THEO NH LUAT QUANG HNH HOC.
TRONG KIEN TRUC QUAN TAM EN PHAN XA 2 KHA CANH:
PHAN XA NH HNG
NANG LNG PHAN XA NH HNG

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II.6.

SONG NG

TRNG HP AC BIET VE S GIAO THOA HAI SONG

HNH THANH DO S CHONG LEN NHAU GIA HAI SONG PHANG
CO BIEN O VA TAN SO NH NHAU CUNG PHNG NHNG
NGC CHIEU NHAU.
AC IEM:
CAC PHAN T MOI TRNG BUNG SONG SE B KEO CANG
CAC PHAN T MOI TRNG NUT SONG SE B EP CHAT VAO

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III.

SONG AM

1. DAO ONG AM
2. TNH NH HNG CUA NGUON AM
3. S PHAN XA VA HAP THU SONG AM
4. AI LNG VA N V AM
5. THNH GIAC NH V
6. TAC DUNG LU AM CUA THNH GIAC

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III.1. DAO ONG AM

SONG AM LA SONG AN HOI (SONG C) THNH GIAC NHAN BIET
C.
SONG C CO TAN SO T 20Hz EN 20.000Hz THNH GIAC CO THE
NHAN BIET C
TAT CA NHNG KHAI NIEM VA HIEN TNG VE SONG C TREN
EU CO THE AP DUNG CHO SONG AM

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III.1. DAO ONG AM

MOT SO IEM CAN GHI NH
MOI QUAN HE BC SONG, TAN SO VA VAN TOC TRUYEN SONG:

C
= (m)
f
C = 330 + 0,6t (m/s)

VAN TOC TRUYEN AM TRONG KHONG KH:

TRONG IEU KIEN BNH THNG:

t = 20o C 340 (m/s)

S KHUC XA SONG AM: DO NHIET VA DO GIO

S PHAN XA CUA SONG AM: TUAN THEO NH LUAT QUANG HNH HOC

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III.1. DAO ONG AM

KHA NANG NHAN BIET AM THANH CUA LOAI NGI:

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III.2. TNH NH HNG CUA NGUON AM

TNH NH HNG: S PHAN BO NANG LNG TRONG KHONG GIAN.
S PHAN BO NANG LNG AM MANG TNH CHAT:
BC SONG LN HN NHIEU SO VI KCH THC NGUON AM
NANG LNG AM PHAN BO EU TRONG KHONG GIAN
BC SONG NHO HN NHIEU SO VI KCH THC NGUON AM
NANG LNG AM CH TAP TRUNG QUANH TRUC BC XA (TAN SO
CANG CAO CHUM TIA CANG HEP)

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III.3. S PHAN XA VA HAP THU SONG AM

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III.4. AI LNG VA N V AM
a. AI LNG THUAN TUY VAT LY
b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY
c. AI LNG TAM LY THUAN TUY

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III.4.a. AI LNG THUAN TUY VAT LY

AP SUAT AM (P)
CNG O AM (I)
AM CHUAN
MAT O NANG LNG AM

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III.4.a. AI LNG THUAN TUY VAT LY

AP SUAT AM
AP SUAT AM (P):

P = C. .v

N V: O AP SUAT AM TNH BANG

F
P=
(N/m 2 ) hay (bar)
S

1bar = 105 N / m 2 1at (atmotpher)

1bar = 103 mbar = 106 bar
AP SUAT AM TRONG PHAM VI NGHE C:

2.104 2.102 bar

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III.4.a. AI LNG THUAN TUY VAT LY

CNG O AM
CNG O AM (I): SO LNG NANG LNG AM QUA MOT N V DIEN
TCH TRONG MOT N V THI GIAN
SONG PHANG:

SONG CAU:

2
E
P
I=
(W/m 2 );( jun / m 2 s ) I =
C
S .t

I=

W
4 r 2

SONG PHANG I KHONG PHU THUOC VAO KHOANG CACH EN NGUON

SONG CAU I T LE NGHCH VI BNH PHNG KHOANG CACH
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III.4.a. AI LNG THUAN TUY VAT LY

AM CHUAN
AM CHUAN: TRONG TNH TOAN, QUI C LAY AM N TAN SO
f=1000Hz LAM CHUAN E SO SANH, GOI LA AM CHUAN
VI AM CHUAN, AP SUAT AM VA CNG O AM NHO NHAT
THNH GIAC NHAN BIET C:

P0 = 2.10 5 (N/m 2 ) = 2.10 4 ( bar )

I 0 = 10 12 (W/m 2 )

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III.4.a. AI LNG THUAN TUY VAT LY

MAT O NANG LNG AM
MNLA E : NANG LNG AM CHA TRONG MOT N V THE
TCH MOI TRNG CO SONG.

TNH TOAN SUY RA:

E
E=
(jun/cm3 )
V
I
P2
E= =
C C 2

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III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

NGNG NGHE
NGNG CHOI
BEL VA DECIBEL
MC CNG O AM; MC AP SUAT AM
QUANG O CAO (QUANG TAN SO, OC TA, BAT O)

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III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

HIEU QUA NGHE LIEN QUAN EN AC IEM SINH LY CUA TAI NGI

AM CO TAN SO KHAC NHAU, GAY CAM GIAC MANH YEU KHAC NHAU

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III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

NGNG NGHE VA NGNG CHOI

NGNG NGHE: CNG O (HAY AP SUAT) AM NHO NHAT CUA MOT

SONG AM NAO O THNH GIAC NHAN BIET C

NGNG CHOI: CNG O (HAY AP SUAT) AM LN NHAT CUA MOT

SONG AM NAO O THNH GIAC CHU NG C

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III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

BEL VA DECIBEL

KHI CNG O AM TANG T I EN I 0 , CAM GIAC NGHE TO TANG

TY LE VI lg I

I0

DUNG THANG LOGARIT C SO 10 E O MC CAM GIAC MANH

YEU CUA AM THANH NGHE C. N V LA Bel HAY dB (decibel)
Bel LA N V BIEU TH BANG THANG O LOGARIT C SO 10 CUA
TY SO GIA HAI I, P, W, E (GOI LA MC CNG O, MC AP
SUAT, )
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III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

BEL VA DECIBEL

MC CNG O AM:

I
(dB)
LI = 10 lg
I0

MC AP SUAT AM:

P
(dB)
LP = 20lg
P0

MC CONG SUAT AM:

E
LE = 10lg
(dB)
E0

MC CONG SUAT AM:

W
(dB)
LW = 10lg
W0

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III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

QUANG O CAO (QUANG TAN SO; OC TA; BAT O)

QUANG TAN SO CUA HAI AM LA KHOANG CACH TAN SO CUA HAI

AM O
NEU CO HAI AM CO TAN SO LAN LT

f1; f 2 :

f2
= 2x
f1

f2
=2
f1

GOI LA 1 QUANG TAN SO (1 OC-TA)

1
:
2

f2
= 2
f1

GOI LA NA OC-TA

1
Trang
KHI
x= :
42
3

f2 3
= 2
f1

1
GOI LA
OC-TA
3

KHI

x = 1:

KHI x =

III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

QUANG O CAO (QUANG TAN SO; OC TA; BAT O)

TAN SO TRUNG BNH CUA MOT QUANG O CAO

f tb =

f1. f 2 (Hz)

TAN SO TRUNG BNH CUA 1 OC-TA AI DIEN CHO TNH CHAT CUA
AM TRONG DAI OC-TA O.

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III.4.b. AI LNG TAM LY VAT LY

QUANG O CAO (QUANG TAN SO; OC TA; BAT O)

QUANG TAN SO C NHIEU NGI CONG NHAN

Oc ta

45-90

f tb

63

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90-180

180355

355710

7101400

14002800

28005600

560012000

125

250

500

1000

2000

4000

8000

III.4.c. AI LNG TAM LY THUAN TUY

MC TO (FON-F)
O TO (SON)

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III.4.c. AI LNG TAM LY THUAN TUY

MC TO
MC TO CUA MOT AM BAT KY BANG MC AP SUAT AM CUA AM
CHUAN O BANG dB CO CUNG MC TO VI AM O
N V MC TO: FON (VIET TAT LA F)

P
(F)
L = 20lg
P0

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III.4.c. AI LNG TAM LY THUAN TUY

O TO

O TO (SO SANH AM NAY TO HN AM KIA BAO NHIEU LAN)

O TO LA THUOC TNH CUA THNH GIAC CHO PHEP PHAN OAN
TNH CHAT MANH YEU CUA AM THANH
N V O TO: SON (VIET TAT LA S): 1 SON LA O TO CUA AM
TAN SO 1000Hz MC CNG O 40dB

1Sn = 1000mSn
QUAN HE GIA O TO VA MC TO:
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S =2

0,1( F 40)

III.5. THNH GIAC NH V

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III.6. TAC DUNG LU AM CUA THNH GIAC

NEU HAI AM NH NHAU EN TAI NGI CACH NHAU NHO HN 50ms
NGHE NH MOT AM DUY NHAT
QUANG NG CHENH LECH GIA HAI NGUON AM ONG BO KHONG
QUA 17m

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IV. AM VAT LY VA AM HNH HOC

1.

AM VAT LY

2.

AM HNH HOC (TIA BC XA AM)

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IV.1. AM VAT LY
AM VAT LY: LY THUYET NGHIEN CU BAN CHAT DAO ONG SONG
CUA AM THANH
VAN DUNG AM VAT LY E PHAN TCH CHO KET QUA CHNH XAC
NHNG PHEP TNH CONG KENH VA PHC TAP
KHONG THE S DUNG E TNH TOAN

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IV.2. AM HNH HOC

AM HNH HOC: NGHIEN CU TNH CHAT CUA AM THANH BANG
PHNG PHAP TIA AM
PHNG PHAP TIA AM: COI SONG AM TRUYEN I TRONG KHONG
GIAN NH NHNG TIA BC XA, TNG T TIA SANG TIA PHAN XA
TUAN THEO NH LUAT QUANG HNH HOC
AP DUNG NGUYEN LY AM HNH HOC E THIET KE MAT PHAN XA
AM

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IV. AM VAT LY VA AM HNH HOC

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IV. AM VAT LY VA AM HNH HOC

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IV. AM VAT LY VA AM HNH HOC

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