Giao Trinh Excel

Tin hc vn phng
Bin son: Khoa Cng ngh thng tin
LI NOI U
Cng tc vn phng bao gm rt nhiu cc cng vic v khng th thiu c s tr gip ca my tnh. Mn hc Tin vn phng nhm gip cho ngi hc s dng c cc chc nng c bn ca cc chng trnh ng dng trong b Office do hng Microsoft cung cp. l, chng trnh son tho Word v bng tnh in t Excel. Hin nay, c rt nhiu ti liu, gio trnh vit v Tin vn phng nhng vn cha tng ng, ph hp vi yu cu, ni dung v thi gian cho hc sinh, sinh vin trong trng. Sau mt thi gian ging dy khoa Cng ngh thng tin, trng i hc s phm k thut Hng Yn, chng ti vit cun sch ny nhm cung cp ti liu hc tp cho sinh vin ph hp vi chng trnh mn hc Tin vn phng. Cc i tng hc mn tin vn phng ti trng gm: hc sinh cc lp trung hc thuc khoa Cng ngh thng tin, sinh vin cc lp cao ng v i hc thuc khoa S phm k thut. Chng ti c gng bin son cc ti liu tng ng cho cc i tng. Ti liu ny ginh cho sinh vin cc lp i hc - khoa S phm k thut vi thi lng 4 vht (2 vht l thuyt v 2vht thc hnh) Chng ti mong rng ti liu ny p ng c mt phn no nhu cu ca hc sinh, sinh vin.
Khoa Cng ngh thng tin
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MC LC
1.1. Gii thiu mn hnh giao din ca excel (Excel 2003) 1.1.1. Khi ng Excel 1.1.2. Thot khi Excel 1.1.3. Gii thiu mn hnh giao din ca Excel (Excel 2003) 1.1.4. Ca s ng dng Excel. (Excel Windows) 1.1.5. Ca s bng tnh Excel (Excel Worksheet Windows) 1.2. Cu trc bng tnh 1.3. Cc khi nim c bn 1.3.1. Di chuyn con tr 1.3.2. Cc kiu d liu trong bng tnh 1.3.3. Cc loi a ch: C ba loi a ch nh sau : CHNG II: CAC THAO TAC VI TP BANG TINH 2.1. Lu tr tp trn a 2.2. Cc thao tc c bn 2.2.1. Nhp d liu vo bng tnh 2.2.2. Chnh sa d liu (xo, iu chnh, khi phc) 2.2.3. Di chuyn d liu 2.2.4. Sao chp d kin 2.2.5. in d liu vo trong phm vi 2.2.6. X l , ct, dng trong bng tnh 2.2.7. S dng tn vng
CHNG III: THAY I VA TRANG TRI DANG THC

3.1. Hng dn tng qut vic thay i dng thc (Format) 3.3. Canh bin d liu trong Alignment 3.4. La chn Font ch Font 3.5. Trang tr cc ng vin Border 3.6. To cc mu nn trong Patterns 3.7. Bt/tt cc thng s bo v d liu v che du d liu trn thanh cng thc Protection 3.8. sao chp/hu b dng thc 3.8.1. Sao chp dng thc 3.8.2. Hu b dng thc 3.9. Thay i nh dng ct dng trong bng tnh 3.9.1. Che du hin li cc ct trong bng tnh. 3.9.2. Thay i rng ct 3.9.3. Thay i chiu cao dng 3.10. Tp tin khun mu (template) 3.10.1. Cch to mt tp tin Template 3.10.2. Cch s dng mt tp tin Template
CHNG 4: S DUNG HAM (FUNCTION)

4.1. Dng thc tng qut ca hm 4.2. Cch nhp hm vo bng tnh 4.3. Mt s hm c bn
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4.3.1. Hm thi gian v mt s hm n gin thng dng 4.3.2. Hm vn bn 4.3.3. Hm s hc 4.3.4. Hm logic 4.3.5. Hm thng k 4.3.6. Hm tm kim & tham chiu 4.3.7. Mt s hm phn tch ti chnh
CHNG V: LAM VIC VI CAC BANG TINH TRONG TP TIN WORKBOOK

5.1. Lm vic vi cc bng tnh trong tp tin workbook 5.1.1. Chn thm bng tnh vo Workbook 5.1.2. Sao chp hoc di chuyn nhng bng tnh trong Workbook 5.1.3. Sao chp (hoc di chuyn) nhng bng tnh t Workbook hin hnh vo tp tin Workbook khc 5.1.4. i tn bng tnh trong Workbook 5.1.5. Xo nhng bng tnh trong Workbook 5.1.6. Che giu/hin li bng tnh trong Workbook 5.2. Cc tnh nng tin ch
Chng 6:
Kt ni cc bng tnh v tp bng tnh
6.1. Kt ni cc bng tnh trong cng mt tp bng tnh 6.2. Kt ni cc bng tnh trong cc tp bng tnh khc nhau 6.3. Cc v d ng dng 6.4. Tnh nng group v outline
Chng 7: C s d liu ( DATABASE)

7.1 . Gii thiu chung 7.2. S dng hp i thoi Data Form 7.3. Cc dng vng tiu chun 7.4. Thao tc tm, kim, rt trch v xo (s dng AutoFilter v advanced Filter) 7.5. Cc Hm c s d liu 7.6. kt hp s liu trong bng tnh (Consolidate worksheet) 7.6. Sp xp v tnh tng cc nhm s liu 7.7. Tnh nng Pivot table 7.2. Khai thc v chnh sa Pivot Table 7.3. Lm vic vi nhng vng tin trong Pivot Table
Chng 8: Mt s bi tp ng dng in n
8.1. In ton b d liu trn bng tnh hin hnh 8.2. La chn phm vi khi in 8.3. Lm vic vi mn hnh trang in 8.4. La chn/ thay i cc dng thc ca trang in
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Phn II. Microsoft Excel
Excel l mt phn mm chuyn dng cho cng tc, k ton, vn phng trn mi trng Windows c cc c tnh v ng dng tiu biu sau: - Thc hin c nhiu php tnh t n gin n phc tp. - T chc v lu tr thng tin di dng bng nh bng lng, bng k ton, bng thanh ton, bng thng k, bng d ton ... - Khi c thay i d liu, bng tnh t ng tnh ton li theo s liu mi. Thao tc trn bng tnh c th to ra cc bo co tng hp hoc phn tch c km theo cc biu , hnh v minh ho ...
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CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V MICROSOFT EXCEL

1.1. Gii thiu mn hnh giao din ca excel (Excel 2003) 1.1.1. Khi ng Excel
khi ng Excel, nhp ln nt nhn Start trn thanh cng vic, tr vo th mc
Programs ri nhp ln biu tng chng trnh
Hoc Excel, nhp ln nt nhn Start trn thanh cng vic, tr vo th mc Programs ri chn
Run Browse Program Files chn biu tng
1.1.2. Thot khi Excel

Khi cn thot khi Excel, bn chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau: * Chn lnh: [Menu] File chn Exit. * Nhn phm Alt+F4. * Double Click trn nt iu khin ca s MS - Excel. Lu : *Khi d liu trn nhng bng tnh trong Workbook cha c lu vo tp tin th Excel s xut hin thng bo:
Chn nt: Yes: Khi cn lu d liu trn bng tnh vo mt tp tin Workbook. No: Khi khng cn lu d liu trn nhng bng tnh. Cancel: hu b lnh thot, ng hp thng bo v tr v mn hnh bng tnh. Help: Xem phn gip v cc nt lnh trong hp i thoi.
1.1.3. Gii thiu mn hnh giao din ca Excel (Excel 2003)

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Bar
Menu Bar
Title
Formula
1.1.4. Ca s ng dng Excel. (Excel Windows) Ca s ng dng Excel gm c nhng thnh phn chnh nh sau: a) Thanh tiu (Title bar): Gm nt iu khin (Control), tiu Microsoft Excel, v nhng nt: cc tiu ho(Minimize), cc i ho (Maximize), phc hi (Restore). b) Thanh menu lnh (Menu bar): Gm 9 nhm mc lnh chnh ca chng trnh Excel. c) Thanh nt lnh (Toolbar): Hin th hai nt lnh: Standard Toolbar v Formatting Toolbar. Trn mi thanh cha mt s nt lnh tiu biu cho nhng nt lnh thng dng ca Excel. d) Thanh cng thc (Formula Bar): Hin th hp tn, to , nt hu b, nt la chn, nt hm, ni dung d liu trong hin hnh ( c khung vin bao quanh trong bng tnh). e) Ca s bng tnh(Worksheet Windows) f) Thanh tnh trng (Status bar): hin th cc ch hot ng ca excel. 1.1.5. Ca s bng tnh Excel (Excel Worksheet Windows) L khu vc gia thanh cng thc v thanh tnh trng. Ca s ng dng Excel gm c nhng thnh phn chnh nh sau:
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a) Thanh tiu (Title bar): gm Menu iu khin (control Menu), tn tp tin workbook hin hnh v cc nt Minimize, Maximize, Restore. b) ng vin ngang (Column Border): Ghi k hiu tng ct theo th t ch ci (t tri sang phi bt u t A n IV). Nt pha ngoi cng bn tri l nt la chn ton b bng tnh (select All). c) ng vin dc (Row border): Ghi s th t ca tng dng (t trn xung di bt u t 1 n 16384). d) Mn hnh (khu vc) bng tnh (Windows): hin th mt phm vi nh ca bng tnh (thng thng l mt ct 20 dng) vi nhng ng k li (Gridlines) phn cch gia cc . e) hin hnh (Active Cell) hoc la chn (Selected cell): l mt trong bng tnh c khung sng vin quanh v c mt mc vung nh cnh di bn phi dng ch hin hnh. To ca hin hnh c hin th trong hp tn trn thanh cng c. f) Thanh cun dc/ngang (Scroll bar): l hai thanh cnh vin bn phi v pha di bn phi ca ca s Workbook. Trn thanh c cha mt hp cun (Scroll box) v hai nt mi tn (dng di chuyn n nhng khu vc khc ca bng tnh khi s dng thit b mouse). Pha trn v bn phi ca hai thanh cun l khung phn tch (Split box) ca s. g) Thanh thc trn bng tnh(Sheet tabs): hin th mt s tn ca nhng bng tnh c trong Workbook khi cha t tn bng tnh th Excel s t t tn l Sheet #) bn tri l nhng nt di chuyn Tab (Tab Scrolling), bn phi l khung phn tch (Tab Split), Lu : Sau khi khi ng , Excel s t ng m mt tp tin Workbook mi trong ca s ny v t tn l BOOK#(# l nhng s th t tng ng vi s ln m bng tnh). 1.2. Cu trc bng tnh S tay(Workbook): mt Workbook gm t 1 n 255 sheet ring bit (thng s mc nhin l 16 sheet). Tp tin Workbook thng dng tp hp nhng loi bng tnh d liu, th, macro, ... c lin h vi nhau. Excel khng gii hn s lng tp tin Workbook c m nhng ph thuc vo b nh ca my.
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Bng tnh (Sheet): mt bng tnh c trn 4 triu d liu, dng nhp d liu v thc hin nhng yu cu v tnh ton , to biu mu, qun l v khai thc c s d liu...Mi bng tnh c t tn l Sheet # (# l s th t) hoc mt tn gi c th. Ct (columns): Ct l mt tp hp ca nhng trong bng tnh theo chiu dc. rng ct mc nhin l 9 k t (c th thay i tr s ny t 0 n 255 k t ). C tng cng 256 ct trong mt bng tnh, mi ct c gn k hiu theo th t ch ci ( bt u t A n Z, AA n AZ, BA n BZ, .... v kt thc l IV). Dng (Rows): Dng l mt tp hp ca nhng theo bng tnh theo chiu ngang, chiu cao dng mc nhin l 12.75 chm im (c th thay i tr s ny t 0 n 409). C tng cng t nht 16384 dng trong 1 bng tnh, mi dng c gn mt s th t (bt u t 1 n 16384...). (cell): l giao im ca mt ct v mt dng. c xc nh bi mt to (a ch) da theo k hiu ca ct v s th t ca dng. ( Th d: to A1 l u tin trn bng tnh, to D5 l trn ct D v dng 5). Ngoi ra, Excel cn xc nh theo s th t ct v dng (C#R# khi chn thng s R1C1 trn hp thoi TAB VIEW trong lnh [MENU] TOOLS >OPTIONS. Vng (Range): Vng l mt tp hp ca nhng k cn nhau v c xc nh bi to u (thng l gc trn bn tri ) v to cui (thng l gc di bn phi) ca vng . Ngoi ra bn c th s dng tn vng (xem cch t v s dng tn vng phn sau) thay th cho phm vi khai bo trong lnh thc hin. Vng c khi l mt , mt nhm hoc ton b bng tnh. Trong Excel bn c th la chn v lm vic vi nhiu vng khc nhau cng lc. 1.3. Cc khi nim c bn 1.3.1. Di chuyn con tr a. hin thi : Ti mt thi im lun tn ti con tr trong mt trong
bng tnh. Tt cc cc lnh nh nhp d liu, gi tr sau khi tnh ton... u c a vo ny. ny c gi l hin thi ca bng tnh. di chuyn t ny sang bn kia trn bng tnh, cc bn thc hin nh sau:
b. Cc phm di chuyn con tr
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Phm PgDn PgUp Alt+PgUp Alt+PgDn Ctrl+Home
Chc nng Ln trn mt dng Xung di mt dng Sang phi mt ct Sang tri mt ct Xung di mt trang Ln trn mt trang mn hnh Sang tri mt trang mn hnh Sang phi mt trang mn hnh V A1
c. Di chuyn con tr vi lnh Go To di chuyn nhanh chng ti mt trn bng tnh, bn c th s dng mc chn Go To trong bng chn Edit hoc n phm F5. Khi ny hp thoi Go To xut hin, trong khung Go To lun ghi li n mt c lit k trong danh sch ny, bn ch cn nhn chut chn n. Nu bn cn dch chuyn n mt khc, bn hy a vo to trong khung Reference. V d nh B6. 1.3.2. Cc kiu d liu trong bng tnh 1. D liu dng chui (Text) a) Quy c: Phi c bt u bi: * Cc k t ch t A n Z. * Cc k t canh bin nh sau: ',",^,\ b) Dng th hin: Ph thuc vo chiu di ca chui d liu nhp vo trong * Khi chiu di ca chui d liu nh hn hoc bng vi rng ca - Chui d liu nhp vo s c hin th y v v tr ph thuc vo k t canh bin pha trc d liu ( xem cng dng ca nhng k t canh bin phn lu ). - Dng mc nhin ca Excel l canh chui d liu v bn tri ca (Vi k t canh bin nh sn l du' ). *Khi chiu di ca chui d liu ln hn rng ca v
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- Nu nhng ln cn bn phi ca d liu cn trng th chui d liu nhp vo s c hin th y . - Nu nhng ln cn bn phi ca d liu ang cha tr th chui d liu nhp vo c hin th cho n phm vi ca cha tr k cn . 2. D liu dng s (Number) a) Qui c: Phi c bt u bi: * Cc k t s t 0 n 9 * Cc du: +, -, (, .,$ b) Dng th hin: Ph thuc vo chiu di ca chui s nhp vo trong * Khi chiu di ca chui s nh hn rng ca th dng thc s mc nhin s l dng bnh thng (General) v c canh v bn phi ca . * Khi chiu di ca chui s ln hn hoc bng rng ca th dng Excel s t ng chuyn sang dng KHKT (Scientific) hoc hin th cc du # # # trong . Lu : T dng thc s bnh thng (General) nhp vo , bn c th thay i thnh nhiu dng thc s khc nhau bi lnh: [Menu] Format >Cells, chn Tab Number v la chn dng thc trn khung Format Codes. c th hin th y chui s b che khut, bn ch cn thay i rng ct. Bn c th nhp trc tip nhng du phn cch s hng ngn hoc du chm thp phn. Khi trong chui s nhp vo c cha cc k t du nh :+, -, /, hoc c nhiu hn mt du chm thp phn th Excel s t ng chuyn sang dng chui. * Bn c th thay i dng thp v v tr ca chui s bi nhng nt lnh trong Formatting Toolbar. * Khi nhp d liu dng s vo bng tnh, bn nn s dng hp phm s bn phi. 3. D liu dng cng thc (Formulas) a) Quy c: Phi c bt u bi cc du: = hoc + .
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b) Dng th hin: Tr s kt qu ca cng thc trong (cng thc nhp vo ch c hin th trn thanh cng thc). Lu : * Trong thnh phn ca mt cng thc c th gm c s, chui (phi c trong cp nhy kp), to tn vng, cc ton t, cc loi hng (xem trong chng v hm). * Cc loi ton t s dng trong cng thc: - Ton t tnh ton: + (cng),- (Tr), *(Nhn), / (Chia), ^(Lu tha), % (Phn trm). V d Cng thc = 10+5*2 - Ton t lin kt: & (Lin kt chui). V d: Cng thc = "H ni"&"l th " Kt qu H nil th H ni l th Kt qu 20.0
= "H ni"&" "&"l th " bng), <= (Nh hn hoc bng). V d: Cng thc = A1>=25 =A2<=65 Cng/ Tr,...
- Ton t so snh: = (Bng), <> (Khng bng), > (Ln hn), >= (Ln hn hoc Kt qu TRUE (Khi A1>=125). FALSE (Khi A2>=65).
* u tin ca ton t nh sau: trong biu thc ( ), Lu tha Nhn/ Chia, * Khi trong phm vi cc ghi trn cng thc cn tnh ton c cha cc d liu dng chui, th Excel s hin th thng bo li #VALUE!. 4. D liu dng ngy (Date), Gi (Time) * Quy c v dng th hin. Nhp theo nhng dng thc sau: Dng thc m/d/y Dng th hin 1/1/94
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d-mmm-yy d-mmm mmm-yy m/d/y h: mm h: mm AM/PM h:mm:ss AM/PM h: mm H: mm: ss Lu :
1-Jan-94 1-Jan Jan-94 1/1/94 13:00 1: 00 PM 1: 00: 00 PM 13: 00 13: 00:01
* Phi c nhp theo dng thc MM/DD/YY (Theo thng s la chn trong Control panel ca Windows). * Khi nhp khng ng theo nhng dng thc trn th Excel t ng chuyn sang dng chui. * Ngoi ra, bn c th nhp ngy, gi vi nhng cch thc hin sau: * Nhn phm: Ctrl-;(Nhp ngy h thng hin hnh). * Nhn phm: Ctrl-Shift -; (Nhp gi h thng vo hin hnh). * Nhp hm = Date (YY,MM,DD) hay hm = time (hh, mm, ss), sau chn lnh: [menu] format > cells, chn Tab number; v la chn dng hin th ngy. * Nhp tr s tng ng vi thi gian (Excel bt u tnh t 01/01/1901 tng ng vi s 1) sau la chn dng th hin s bi lnh: [Menu] format > cells chn Tab number. * Bn c th thc hin tnh ton vi nhng d liu dng ngy, gi. 1.3.3. Cc loi a ch: C ba loi a ch nh sau : a) a ch tng i (Relative address): a ch tham chiu c dng (<ct><dng>). Khi chp n vng ch, a ch tham chiu ca vng chn s thay i theo ngha phng, chiu v khong cch. V d: A1 b) a ch tuyt i (Absolute address): a ch tham chiu c dng $<ct>$<dng>. Khi chp n vng ch, a ch tham chiu ca vng ch s gi nguyn ging nh vng ngun. V d: $A$1 c) a ch hn hp ($A1 hoc A$1): kt hp c hai loi a ch trn, c dng $<ct><dng> hoc <ct>$<dng>.
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Lu : To ghi trong cng thc c c nh khng thay i khi sao chp n v tr mi . Th d: cng thc trong C5 l : $A$5+$B$5 khi sao chp n C6 l : $A$5+$B$5 Cch to a ch tuyt i: Chn mt trong hai cch thc hin sau: a) Nhp trc tip t bn phm du $ pha trc k hiu ct hay s th t dng ca to cn thc hin. b) Nhp (hoc di chuyn im nhy) vo to cn thc hin trn thanh cng thc, sau nhn phm F4 Excel t ng thm du $ vo to . F4 F4 F4 F4
V d: A1 $A$1 A$1 $A1 A1
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CHNG II: CAC THAO TAC VI TP BANG TINH

2.1. Lu tr tp trn a 2.1.1. M tp c tn trn a, to tp, bo v tp a. M tp: Vo thc n File\Open hoc biu tng trn thanh Standard Toolbar v chn tp cn m. b. To mt tp mi: Vo thc n File\New hoc biu tng trn thanh Standard Toolbar c. ng mt tp: Vo thc n File\Close hoc chn biu tng trn mn hnh. d. Bo v tp: - Bo v hon ton: trong trng hp ny, bn ch c th m bng tnh khi bn tr li ng mt khu a ra. - Bo v hn ch: Khi thit lp ch ny, bt k ai cng c th m bng tnh nhng ch trong ch ch c. thit lp ch bo v cho mt bng tnh hin thi (ang lm vic), bn vo bng chn File, chn Save As... chn mc chn Options, mt hp thoi xut hin. ngha ca cc mc nh sau: (-) Protection Password: khung ny a mt khu vo bng tnh. y l ch bo v hon ton. Mt khu c th di 15 k t c phn bit ch hoa, ch thng, khi bn a mt khu vo khung trn, Excel cn cho xut hin tip hi thoi Confirm Password, yu cu bn khng nh mt ln na mt khu ca mnh (-) Write Revervation Password: khung ny bn a mt khu cho ch bo v hn ch, hi thoi Confirm Password tip tc xut hin yu cu bn khng nh mt ln na mt khu nh trng hp trn. (-) Nt Read-Only Recommended: Nu chn nt ny th ngay c trong trung hp bn tr li ng mt khu cho ch bo v hon ton th bng tnh m bn m c cng ch trong ch ch c. c. t mt khu bo v cho mt trang bng tnh
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bo v trang bng tnh hin hnh, t thc n Tools chn Protection Protect Sheet. Sau khi kch hot ch bo v, bn khng th thay i mt khon mc kho. Mun xo trng thi bo v, bn ch cn chn lnh Unpotect Sheet t thc n Tools\Protect. d. t mt khu cho mt WorkBook Mun t mt khu bo v cho mt tp WorkBook , t thc n Tools bn chn Protect Protect WorkBook. Lc ny cc trang bng tnh khng th copy, dch chuyn hay i tn c. xo b trng thi , bn ch cn chn lnh Unpotect WorkBook t thc n Tools\Protect. 2.2. Cc thao tc c bn 2.2.1. Nhp d liu vo bng tnh 1. Nhp d liu vo mt trn bng tnh Cc bc thc hin. 1. La chn cn nhp d liu. 2. Nhp d liu tu theo loi dng thc. 3. kt thc vic nhp d liu bn chn mt trong nhng cch sau: * Nhn phm Enter hay nt Enter trn thanh cng thc. * Click vo khc (Hay dng nhng phm di chuyn kt thc vic nhp d liu v di chuyn hin hnh theo hng phm ). * hu b vic nhp d liu ang thc hin bn nhn phm Esc hoc nt Cancel trn thanh cng thc. * Bn c th la chn trc phm vi cc cn thc hin, sau nhp d liu v nhn phm Enter, Excel s t ng chuyn hin hnh n nhng k cn trong phm vi la chn. * Khi nhp d liu mi vo ang cha tr th Excel s t ng ghi ln d liu c. 2. Cch nhp cng mt d liu vo cc nhm trn bng tnh Cc bc thc hin: 1. La chn phm vi cc nhm cn nhp d liu.
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2. Nhp d liu tu theo loi dng thc. 3. Nhn phm CTRL-Enter kt thc vic nhp d liu. Lu : * Trong Excel, bn c th nhp d liu vo mt nhm bng tnh cng lc. 2.2.2. Chnh sa d liu (xo, iu chnh, khi phc) 1. Xo d liu Chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau: a. S dng lnh Clear trn Menu n nh hnh thc xo d liu 1. La chn (hoc phm vi ) cn xo. 2.Chn lnh [Menu] Edit>clear. Xut hin Menu ph 3. Chn lnh: * All: Xo ton b ni dung, dng thc ghi ch c trong . * Formats: Ch xo dng thc (khng xo ni dung ghi ch v tr v dng thc bnh thng). *Notes: Ch xo ghi ch (khng xo ni dung, dng thc). 4. Nhn phm Enter (hoc chn nt OK). b. S dng thao tc Drag Mouse xo ni dung trong 1. La chn (hoc phm vi ) cn xo. 2. Di chuyn con tr Mouse vo mc vung nh cnh di bn phi (Fill Handle) ca phm vi la chn. Con tr Mouse s i thnh hnh du + 3. Drag vo trong phm vi la chn (pha trn hoc bn tri). Khi Drag n u th Excel s lm o mu phn bit. c. S dng phm (hoc Right-Click) xo ni dung trong 1. La chn (hoc phm vi ) cn xo. 2. Nhn phm DEL (tng ng lnh [Shortcut] Clear > Contents). 2. iu chnh d liu
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1. La chn cn thc hin. 2. Nhn phm F2 (hoc Double click) chuyn i vo ch chnh sa d liu. Xut hin ch bo Edit trn dng tnh trng. 3. Thc hin vic thay i d liu trn thanh cng thc hoc ngay trong thc hin. 4. kt thc vic iu chnh d liu trong , bn chn mt trong nhng cch sau: * Nhn phm Enter (hay nt Enter trn thanh cng thc). * Click vo khc (hay dng nhng phm di chuyn kt thc vic iu chnh d liu v di chuyn hin hnh theo hng phm). 3. Khi phc d liu hu b mt hnh ng va thc hin, bn chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Undo... (hoc chn nt) Undo trn Standard Toolbar hay nhn phm Ctrl-Z hoc phm AltBackspace). 2.2.3. Di chuyn d liu Khi cn di chuyn d liu n mt v tr khc trong bng tnh (hoc n cc bng tnh khc), tng t nh Word ngoi ra dng nt phi ca mouse di chuyn trn nhng ng vin ca phm vi la chn 1. La chn phm vi (hoc khi ) cha d liu cn thc hin. 2. Di chuyn con tr Mouse n nhng cnh vin ca phm vi la chn (cho n khi con tr Mouse chuyn thnh hnh mi tn). 3. Nhn nt phi Mouse trong khi Drag phm vi la chn n v tr cn di chuyn n. 4. Chn lnh: * Move: di chuyn d liu. * Shift Down and Move: di chuyn v chn d liu hin hnh xung di. * Shift Right and Move: di chuyn v chn d liu hin hnh qua phi Lu : * Khi bn Drag vo trong phm vi ang cha d liu th Excel s xut hin hp thng bo:
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- Chn OK: xc nhn vic thay th d liu c. - Chn Cancel : hu b vic di chuyn d liu. * To ghi trong cng thc ca phm vi ngun vn c gi nguyn khi di chuyn n v tr mi. * Bn ch thc hin cch Drag d liu trong phm vi ca mt bng tnh. 2.2.4. Sao chp d kin Khi cn sao chp d liu n nhng v tr khc trong cng mt bng tnh (hoc vo cc bng tnh khc), bn chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau:
1. Sao chp d liu bnh thng: tng t nh Word 2. Sao chp d liu vi nhng thng s n nh
1. La chn phm vi ( hoc nhm ) cha d liu cn sao chp: 2. Chn lnh [ Menu] Edit> copy(hoc [ Shortcut] copy). * Excel xut hin ng vin chuyn ng xoay quanh , khi la chn v thng bo trn dng tnh trng: Select destination and press Enter or choose Paste. 3. Di chuyn hin hnh vo phm vi cn sao chp n. 4. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Paste - Special (hoc [ Shortcut] Paste - special). * Xut hin hp i thoi Paste Special . 5. La chn nt lnh, thng s cc ton t cn thc hin trong hp i thoi : PASTE: - ALL: sao chp ton b (vi y cc thuc tnh trong ). - Formulas: ch sao chp ni dung (nh phn hin th trn thanh cng thc) - Values: ch sao chp gi tr (ng theo dng hin th trn ). - Formats: ch sao chp dng thc n nh trong . - Notes: ch sao chp cc ghi ch trong . OPERATION: - None: sao chp v thay th gi tr trong ngun. - add: sao chp v cng thm vi gi tr trong ngun. - Subtract: sao chp v tr bt vi gi tr trong ngun. - Multiply: sao chp v nhn vi gi tr trong ngun
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- Divide: sao chp v chia vi gi tr trong ngun SKIP BLANKS: - Khng sao chp cc trng c trong phm vi ngun. TRANSPOSE: - Sao chp v hon chuyn v tr ct, dng ca phm ngun thnh dng, ct trn phm vi sao chp n. PASTE LINK: - Sao chp v lin kt vi d liu trong phm vi ngun. 6. Chn nt OK. 3. Sao chp v chn d liu ti phm vi thc hin 1. La chn hoc nhm cn sao chp . 2. Di chuyn con tr Mouse n cc ng vin ca khi la chn ( cho n khi con tr Mouse chuyn thnh hnh mi tn). 3. Nhn phm Ctrl trong khi Drag khi la chn vo cnh di hoc bn phi ca v tr cn sao chp n. Excel xut hin thm khung ng vin bao quanh khi la chn trong khi di chuyn. 4. Ti v tr cn sao chp n, nhn tip phm Shift (xut hin hnh tng hoc ) v th nt Mouse. Excel s sao chp d liu trn khi ngun v chuyn d liu trn phm vi hin hnh xung di hoc qua phi.
4. Drag Mouse bng nt phi Mouse trn nhng ng vin ca phm vi la chn sao chp d liu vi nhng thng s n nh
1. La chn phm vi (hoc khi ) cha d liu cn thc hin. 2. Di chuyn con tr Mouse n nhng cnh vin ca phm vi la chn (cho n khi con tr Mouse chuyn thnh hnh mi tn). 3. Nhn nt phi Mouse trong khi Drag phm vi la chn n v tr cn sao chp n.
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4. Chn lnh: * Copy :sao chp ton b ( vi y cc thuc tnh c trong ) . * Copy formats: ch sao chp dng thc n nh trong . * Copy values: ch sao chp gi tr ( ng theo dng hin th trn ). * Shift down and copy: sao chp v chn d liu hin hnh xung di. Shift right and copy: sao chp v chn d liu hin hnh qua phi. 2.2.5. in d liu vo trong phm vi Vic in d liu vo nhng trn bng tnh cng tng t nh vic sao chp. Trong phm vi nhng cn in s g cng mt d liu hoc s c gi tr tng hay gim dn so vi bt u .
1. in d liu c cng ni dung vo trong phm vi la chn

1. La chn phm vi thc hin u phi l cha d liu v c nhng cn in k cn . 2. Chn lnh [ Menu] Edit. 3. Chn: * Fill right: khi cn in d liu ct u tin vo bn phi ca phm vi la chn. * Fill left: khi cn in d liu ct u tin bn tri ca phm vi la chn. * Fill down: khi cn in d liu dng u tin xung pha di ca phm vi la chn. * Fill Up: khi cn in d liu dng u tin ln pha trn ca phm vi la chn. Lu : * Bn c th thc hin vic in d liu cho nhiu phm vi la chn cng lc (thc hin vic la chn nhm khng lin lc nhau khi chn lnh). * Chn: - Undo Fill...: hu b vic in d liu va thc hin. - Repeat Fill..: khi cn lp li lnh in d liu va thc hin. 2. in d liu c ni dung tng /gim vo trong phm vi la chn
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a. Nhn nt tri Mouse khi Drag trn mc in ca khi la chn 1. La chn phm vi cha d liu dng ngy, dng chui c cha ch s (nu l d liu s th bn phi la chn t nht l hai : u cha tr s bt u, tr s trong th hai dng tnh tr s bc nhy, nu tr s ln hn th bc nhy tng v ngc li). 2. Drag trn mc in ca phm vi la chn n nhng v tr cn in phm vi ln cn. * Khi drag, Excel xut hin thm mt khung vin bao quanh phm vi la chn v thng bo: Drag Outside selection to extend series or fill; drag inside to clear trn dng tnh trng. 3. Th phm Mouse. Excel s tu thuc vo d liu trong bt u m thc hin vic in d liu thch hp vo cc trn phm vi la chn. b. Nhn nt phi Mouse khi Drag trn mc in ca khi la chn 1. La chn phm vi cha d liu dng ngy, dng chui c cha tr s hay dng s. 2. Nhn nt phi Mouse khi Drag trn mc in ca phm vi la chn n nhng v tr cn in phm vi ln cn. Khi Drag, Excel xut hin thm mt khung vin bao quanh phm vi la chn, v thng bo: Drag Outside selection to extend series or fill; drag inside to clear trn dng tnh trng. Khi n v tr mi, Excel xut hin thng bo: Copy from selection trn dng tnh trng v Shortcut menu( thay i tu theo d liu c trong phm vi la chn). 3. Chn lnh: * Fill Series: khi cn in theo gi tr tun t ( tng hoc gim). * Fill Formats: khi cn in dng thc. * Fill Values: khi cn in gi tr. * Fill day(hoc Month, Year, Weekdays): khi cn in theo gi tr thi gian. 3. S dng lnh fill Series 1. Nhp gi tr bt u ( s, ngy ) vo trong 1 .
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2. La chn phm vi thc hin (bt u t cha gi tr n cc cn in pha di hoc bn phi ). 3. Chn lnh [ Menu ] Edit > Fill > Series. * Xut hin hp i thoi Series 4. La chn nhng thng s cn thay i: * Series in: chui s tun t trn ct /dong. - Rows: dng - Columns : ct * Type : Kiu in d liu - Linear: cng vi tr s bc nhy. - Growth: nhn vi tr s bc nhy. - Date : theo dng ngy. - Auto fill: theo ch in t ng. * Date: in d liu ngy theo: - Day : ngy. - Weekday: tun. - Month: thng. - Year: nm. * Trend : hng tng. * Step value: tr s bc nhy. * Stop value: tr s kt thc. 5. Chn nt OK. 4. S dng tnh nng AutoFill theo trt t do bn n nh in gi tr vo phm vi la chn theo trt t n nh 1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo phm vi cn in d liu. 2. Nhp d liu ( c khai bo trong danh sch nhng trt t n nh sn). 3. Drag trn mc in ca phm vi la chn n nhng v tr cn in phm vi ln cn. Excel s thc hin vic in d liu vo phm vi la chn theo nhng trt t c n nh.
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2.2.6. X l , ct, dng trong bng tnh 1. Chn thm cc , ct, dng trng Khi cn chn thm , ct, dng trng trn bng tnh, bn chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau: a. Nhn Shift khi Drag khi la chn. 1. La chn phm vi (, ct, dng) cn thc hin. 2. Nhn Shift khi Drag trn mc vung ca phm vi la chn n v tr cn chn pha di hoc bn phi. 3. Th phm Mouse. Excel s chn thm cc , ct, dng trng v tr thc hin v t ng iu chnh cc to . b. Dng lnh Insert hoc cc nt lnh Insert 1. La chn phm vi (, ct, dng) cn thc hin pha di hoc bn phi v tr cn chn. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Insert (hoc [Shortcut] Insert hay cc lnh Insert). * Khi phm vi thc hin l cc : Th Excel s xut hin thm hp i thoi Insert. * Chn: - Shift Cells Right: y khi hin hnh sang phi khi chn. - Shift Cells Down: y hin hnh xung di khi chn. - Entire Row: chn cc dng trng pha trn phm vi la chn. - Entire Column: chn cc ct trng bn tri phm vi la chn. * Khi phm vi thc hin l cc ct, dng: th Excel s t ng chn cc dng trng pha trn hoc cc ct trng bn tri. 2. Xo cc , ct, dng Khi cn xo cc , ct, dng trn bng tnh, bn chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau: a. Nhn phm Shift khi Drag khi la chn 1. La chn phm vi, , ct, dng cn xo.
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2. Nhn phm Shift trong khi Drag trn mc in ca phm vi la chn ln pha trn hoc bn tri. 3. Th phm Mouse. Excel s xo cc , ct, dng v tr thc hin v t ng dn cc dng pha di hoc ct bn phi. b. Dng lnh Delete trn Menu (hoc nt lnh Delete) 1. La chn phm vi (, ct, dng) cn xo. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Delete (hoc [Shortcut] Delete ). * Khi phm vi thc hin cc th Excel s xut hin thm hp thoi Delete. * Chn: - Shift Cells Left: xo khi la chn v dn cc bn phi sang tri. - Shift Cells up: xo khi la chn v dn cc phm di ln. - Entire Row: xo nhng dng trong phm vi la chn. - Entire Column: xo nhng ct trong phm vi la chn. * Khi phm vi thc hin l cc ct, dng: th Excel s xo cc ct, dng v tr thc hin v t ng dn cc dng pha di hoc cc ct bn phi. 2.2.7. S dng tn vng Trong Excel, bn nn s dng tn vng d dng gi nh mi khi khai bo phm vi cho cc to , phm vi khi , cng thc trong cc lnh. Ngoi ra tn vng cn c dng vi phm Goto di chuyn nhanh hin hnh n nhng phm vi ny trong bng tnh. 1. Quy c t tn vng + K t u phi l k t ch, nhng k t cn li c th l k t ch, k s, du chm, du gch ni... + Tn vng khng nn t trng vi cc to nh (A$1 hoc R1C1) hoc c cha cc k t trng. + Chiu di ti a ca tn vng l 255 k t, tuy nhin ban nn t ngn gn v gi nh d s dng. + Excel khng phn bit ch in hoa hay thng trong tn vng. 2. t tn vng
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Dng lnh nh dng tn cho tng vng 1. La chn , phm vi khi m bn cn t tn. 2. Lnh [Menu] Insert > Name > Define (hoc nhn phm Ctrl-F3). Xut hin hp i thoi Define Name. 3. Nhp tn cn t cho phm vi va la chn trn khung Name in Workbook (hoc chp nhn tn la chn sn ca Excel da vo cc chui k t pha trn hoc bn tri ca phm vi la chn). 4. Thay i (Hoc c th khai bo li) phm vi cn t tn, bi mt trong nhng cch thc hin nh sau: * Drag Mouse trn phm vi la chn trong bng tnh. * Nhp to trn khung Refers to (phi bt u bi du = nh dng cng thc). * Chp nhn to gn sn (theo s la chn trn bc 1) trong khung Refers To. 5. Khi cn thc hin tip vic t tn khi, bn chn nt Add v lp li cc bc 3 v 4. 6. La chn nt OK ng hp i thoi v chm dt lnh. 3. Xo tn vng 1. Chn lnh [Menu] Insert > Name > Define (hoc nhn phm Ctrl-F3). Xut hin hp i thoi Define Name. 2. La chn tn vng cn xo trn khung Name in Workbook. 3. Chn nt Delete. 4. Lp li cc bc 2,3 cho nhng tn vng cn xo khc. 5. Chn nt close ng hp i thoi.
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CHNG III: THAY I VA TRANG TRI DANG THC
Dng thc l mt tp hp ca nhng dng th hin lin quan n hnh thc trnh by ca d liu trn bng tnh nh: Font ch, mu sc, cc mu nn, ng k, kch thc cu ct/dng, v tr ca d liu trong hay trong mt phm vi. Ngoi nhng nh dng mc nhin Excel, bn c th thay i dng thc d liu trn ton b bng tnh hay c gii hn trong phm vi la chn hoc ch cho mt vi k t trong .
3.1. Hng dn tng qut vic thay i dng thc (Format)
thay i dng thc d liu trong phm vi la chn, bn ch cn chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin nh sau: * S dng nhng Menu lnh. * S dng Toolbar Formatting. * S dng cc phm gn sn. * S dng Format Painter. * S dng Styles. * S dng dng thc t ng (Auto Format) ca Excel. 1. La chn phm vi cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Formats > Cells (hoc [Shortcut] Formats Cells .hay phm Ctrl-1). Xut hin hp thoi Formats cells.
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3. Chn nhm Tab cn thc hin.

3.2. Thay i dng th hin ca d liu dng s, thi gian ( Number):
Dng th hin s l nhng m dng thc dng th hin cc gi tr s, ngy, gi trong bng tnh. Dng thc s mc nhin l dng bnh thng (category). Excel c to sn 11 nhm (Category) dng thc s khc nhau nh sau: Nhm All Custom Number Accounting Date Time Percentage Fraction Scientific Text Currency lit k nhng loi dng thc Ton b cc loi dng thc t to S k ton ngy Gi phn trm phn s Khoa hc k thut Chui tin t
Mun thay i dng th hin ca d liu dng s, thi gian trn thanh cng c, bn thc hin cc bc:
1. La chn phm vi cn thc hin. 2. Chn trong Toolbar Formatting (hay trong nhng toolbar khc) nh sau:
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* Click vo nhng nt Tools la chn. nt Cng dng Dng tin t. Dng phn trm Dng phn cch(,)s nguyn v hai s l Thm mt s l. Gim mt s l.
3.3. Canh bin d liu trong Alignment 3.4. La chn Font ch Font 3.5. Trang tr cc ng vin Border 3.6. To cc mu nn trong Patterns 3.7. Bt/tt cc thng s bo v d liu v che du d liu trn thanh cng thc Protection 3.8. sao chp/hu b dng thc 3.8.1. Sao chp dng thc S dng nt Format Painter trn Standard Toolbar 1. La chn phm vi cha dng thc cn sao chp (phm vi ngun). 2. Chn nt Format Painter trn Standard Toolbar. Xut hin hnh tng cy c v. 3. La chn phm vi cn tip nhn dng thc (phm vi ch). Excel s thc hin vic sao chp dng thc ca phm vi ngun. Lu : * Trong bc hai khi bn chn nt Format Painter bi thao tc: - Click Ch thc hin vic sao chp dng thc cho mt phm vi (mt ln).
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- Double Click: Thc hin vic sao chp dng thc cho nhiu phm vi (nhiu ln) cho n khi bn Click li nt Format Painter hoc nhn phm Esc. * Khi phm vi ngun l mt khi lin lc th trong bc 3 bn ch cn la chn u tin trong phm vi ch. 3.8.2. Hu b dng thc S dng lnh Clear 1. La chn phm vi cha dng thc cn xo (phm vi ngun). 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Clear. 3. Chn nt Format.
3.9. Thay i nh dng ct dng trong bng tnh 3.9.1. Che du hin li cc ct trong bng tnh. 1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo ct cn thc hin ( hoc la chn phm vi cha cc ct cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Format > Column. Xut hin Menu ph. 3. Chn lnh. * Hide: Khi cn thc hin vic che du ct. * Unhide: Khi cn hin th li cc ct b du. 3.9.2. Thay i rng ct Khi cn thay i rng ct hin hnh hoc ca cc ct trong phm vi la chn trong bng tnh ban chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau. a. Nhp tr s n nh trong lnh [Menu] Format 1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo ct cn thc hin ( hoc la chn phm vi cha cc ct cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Format > Column > Width. Xut hin hp i thoi Column Width. 3. Nhp tr s trn khung column Width (t 0 n 255). 4. Chn nt OK (hoc nhn phm Enter).
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b. Drag Mouse ( bn phi k hiu ct trn ng vin ngang): tng t Word 3.9.3. Thay i chiu cao dng a. Nhp tr s n nh trong lnh [Menu] Format 1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo dng cn thc hin ( hoc la chn phm vi cha cc dng cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Format > Row > Height. Xut hin hp i thoi Row Height. 3. Nhp tr s trn khung Row Height (t 0 n 409). 4. Chn nt OK (hoc nhn phm Enter). b. Drag Mouse ( pha di s th t ca dng trn ng vin dc) 1. La chn dng (hoc phm vi cc dng) cn thc hin. 2. Di chuyn con tr Mouse vo ng vin dc v ng phn cch pha di ca s th t dng cn thc hin. Hnh tng con tr Mouse s i thnh hai ng vin ngang. 3. Chn. * Drag ln pha trn : Khi cn thu hp chiu cao dng. * Drag xung pha di: Khi cn gia tng chiu cao dng. * Double Click: excel t ng iu chnh chiu cao dng (da vo chiu cao chui d liu hin c trong dng). 3.10. Tp tin khun mu (template) Tp tin Template l m hnh c th lm nn cho nhiu trang bng tnh. Mt Template c th bao gm c d liu ln thng tin nh dng. Tp tin Template l cng c tit kim thi gian l tng. Tp tin Template l cch m bo tuyt i hnh thc nht qun gia nhng bo biu, ho n, cng nhiu ti liu khc do bn to. Bt k mt tp tin no cng c th tr thnh Template. 3.10.1. Cch to mt tp tin Template 1. To mt bng tnh cha ni dung, hnh thc cn s dng lm khun mu. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] File > Save As lu tp tin. 3. Chn Template trn khung Save File as Type. 4. La chn a, th mc cn lu tr trn cc khung Drivers, Directories).
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Excel s t ng t tn m rng cho loi tp tin Template l XLT.
3.10.2. Cch s dng mt tp tin Template 1. Chn lnh [Menu] File > Open. 2.Chn tp tin Template cn thc hin Excel s t ng thay i tn tp tin Template thnh tn tp tin bng tnh bnh thng vi s th t pha sau (tng ng vi s ln c vo). 3. in d liu vo bng tnh va to. 4. Lu tp tin. Lu : * Khi cn c li tp tin Template chnh sa, bn phi nhn thm phm Shift khi la chn tn tp tin trong hp i thoi Open.
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CHNG 4: S DUNG HAM (FUNCTION)

Hm (Function) c xem nh l nhng cng thc nh sn nhm thc hin cc yu cu tnh ton chuyn bit. Trn thc hin, hm s cho kt qu l mt gi tr hay mt chui hoc mt thng bo li. Excel c trn 300 hm nh sn v c phn loi thnh tng nhm. Vi tnh nng Function Wizard v c b sung thm nhiu v d trong ca s Help, Excel s gip bn s dng v khai thc hm trong bng tnh tr nn d dng v nhanh chng hn. 4.1. Dng thc tng qut ca hm =<TN HM>(i s 1, i s 2,...,i s n). Tn hm: S dng tn theo quy c ca Excel. i s: Phn ln hm trong Excel u c i s. i s c th l cc tr s, chui, to , tn vng cng thc, nhng hm khc.
Lu : * Hm phi c bt u bi du = (hoc du @). * Tn hm nhp bng ch thng hay ch in hoa u c gi tr nh nhau, nhng khng c vit tt. * i s ca hm c th c hoc khng tu theo hm, nhng phi c t trong hai du() v gia cc i s c phn cch nhau bi du phy. * Trong mt hm c th cha ti a 30 i s (nhng khng c vt qu 255 k t). * Trong hm khng c cha k t blank (khong trng). * C th s dng hm lm i s cho mt hm khc nhng khng cn phi nhp du = pha trc tn hm . 4.2. Cch nhp hm vo bng tnh Bn c th nhp vo bng tnh tng hm ring bit (hoc s dng hm trong nhng cng thc hay vi cc hm khc) vi nhng cch thc hin nh sau: * Nhp t bn phm.
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* La chn trong bng lit k tn hm. * S dng tnh nng Function Wizard.
a. Nhp hm t bn phm
1. Di chuyn hin hnh n cn nhp. 2. Nhp du = (hoc du @). 3. Nhp hm t bn phm (tn, i s phi theo ng dng thc quy nh).
b. La chn trong bng lit k tn hm

1. Di chuyn hin hnh n cn nhp. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Insert > Function (hay nhn phm Shift-F3 hoc chn nt hm trn Standard Toolbar). Xut hin hp i thoi Function wizard - Step 1 of 2. 3. Chn nhm hm cn thc hin trn khung Function Category. Khi di chuyn thanh sng n nhm hm no trn khung Function Category, Excel s lit k danh sch cc hm c trong nhm hm theo th t ch ci trn khung Function Name. 4. Chn tn hm cn thc hin trn khung Function Name. 5. Chn nt OK Excel s tt hp i thoi v chuyn tn hm la chn v thanh cng thc. 6. Nhp (hoc la chn) phm vi cho cc i s theo yu cu ca tng hm. Lu : * Trong bc 4 bn c th di chuyn nhanh thanh sng n tn hm la chn trn khung Function Name bng cch n k t u ca tn hm cn chn. * Khi cn xem thnh phn i s ca mt hm trn thanh cng thc bn nhn phm CTRL+A. Cc gi tr li hay gp trong Excel Gi tr li #DIV/0 ngha Bn chia mt cho gi tr khng. Li ny thng xut hin khi cng thc c s chia ch n mt trng
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#N/A
Khng c thng tin cho php tnh ton ca bn. Khi xy dng m hnh, bn c th g vo #N/A trong mt cho bit bn ang ch d liu. Mi cng thc s dng cha #N/A u tr v #N/A.
#NAME?
Bn c th s dng trong cng thc nhng tn khng c trong hp thoi Define Name. C th bn g sai tn hay tn b xo li. Li cng xut hin khi bn qun t chui trong nhy kp i.
#NULL! #NUM!
Bn c s dng khong trng gia hai vng cho bit l giao im, nhng cc vng khng c no. Li ny thng xut hin khi bn s dng sai i s trong hm. Li ny cn mang ngha rng kt qu tr v qu ln hay qu nh c th trnh by trn Worksheet.
#VALUE ! #REF! ######
Bn xy dng mt cng thc ton hc nhng s dng cc ch. Bn xo mt vng vn c s dng trong cng thc. Kt qu tr v qu ln so vi rng ct hin hnh. Hy m rng rng ct ra.
4.3. Mt s hm c bn 4.3.1. Hm thi gian v mt s hm n gin thng dng
4.3.1.1. Hm thi gian

1. Hm DAY() + Chc nng: cho gi tr ngy trong d liu dng ngy. + C php: = DAY (<d liu kiu ngy>) V d: = DAY(32501) = 24 = DAY("24- Dec-94")= 24 = DAY (B11) =24 (khi B11 cha tr 24-dec-94). 2. Hm MONTH() + Chc nng: cho gi tr thng trong d liu dng ngy. + C php: = MONTH (<d liu kiu ngy>) V d:
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Tin hc vn phng
= MONTH (32501) = 12 = MONTH("24-Dec-94") = 12 = MONTH (B11) = 12 (Khi B11 cha tr 24-Dec-94) 3. Hm YEAR() + Chc nng: cho gi tr nm trong d liu dng ngy. + C php: = YEAR (<d liu kiu ngy>) V d: = YEAR (32501) = 94 = YEAR ("24-Dec-94")= 94 = YEAR (B11) = 94 (khi B11 cha tr 24-Dec-94).
4. Hm Today()
+ Chc nng: cho kt qu l ngy hin ti t h thng ngy trong my tnh 5. Hm DAYS360() + Chc nng: cho kt qu l s ngy gia <biu thc1 > v <biu thc 2>, trong <biu thc 1> v <biu thc 2> l cc gi tr ngy thng. + C php: = days360(<biu thc 1>,<biu thc 2>) V d: A1 l 1/4/98 A2 l 1/5/98, tnh khong thi gian gia A1 v A2, bn vit: =Days360(A1,A2) c kt qu l 30 Hm trn tng ng ng vi bn nhp cng thc: =A2-A1
6. Hm NOW()
+ Chc nng: cho gi tr ngy, thng v thi gian hin thi. V d: Nhp = NOW() trn A5 = 7/25/94 15:10
7. Cc hm HOUR(), MINUTE() v SECOND()

Cc hm Hour(), minute() v second() cho php bn ly ra gi tr ca gi, pht v giy ca d liu l ngy thng hoc thi gian
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Tin hc vn phng
4.3.1.2. Mt s hm thng dng 1. Hm SUM()

+ Chc nng: Tnh tng cc gi tr s trong phm vi. + C php: = SUM(danh sch cc gi tr). V d: = SUM(A1:A5) C8). Lu : * Khi trong phm vi ch nh c cha gi tr #VALUE! th hm sum s cho tr #VALUE! * cha d liu trong phm vi khng c tnh. * S lng phm vi trong hm t 1 n 30. 2. Hm AVERAGE() + Chc nng: Tnh trung bnh cng trong phm vi. + C php: = AVERAGE(danh sch cc gi tr). V d: = AVERAGE (B1:B5) B5). = AVERAGE (A1:A5,C6:C18) (tnh TB cng trong phm vi t A1 n A5 v t C6 n C8). Lu : * Khi trong phm vi ch nh c cha gi tr #VALUE! th hm AVERAGE s cho tr #VALUE! * cha d liu chui hoc trng trong phm vi khng c tnh. * S lng phm vi trong hm t 1 n 30. 3. Hm MAX(), MIN() + Cng dung: Hm Max: cho gi tr cao nht trong phm vi khi , hm MIN cho gi tr thp nht trong phm vi khi . = MAX (danh sch cc gi tr)
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(Tnh tng s trong phm vi t A1 n A5).
= SUM(A1:A5,C6:C18)(tnh tng s trong phm vi t A1 n A5 v t C6 n
(tnh trung bnh cng trong phm vi t B1 n
Tin hc vn phng
= MIN (danh sch cc gi tr) Lu : * Nhng d liu chui v k t trng (blank) c trong phm vi s khng c tnh. * i vi nhng d liu dng ngy trong phm vi cng c tnh da vo tr s tun t ca cc ngy . * C th lin kt nhiu thnh phn vo trong mt hm, nhng phi c phn cch vi nhau bi du phy. 4.3.2. Hm vn bn 1. Hm LEFT v RIGHT + Chc nng: = LEFT : Trch s k t bn tri chui d liu hoc trong to cha d liu. = RIGHT : Trch s k t bn phi chui d liu hoc trong to cha d liu. + C php: = LEFT ( <chui k t>, <s k t tch>) = RIGHT (<chui k t>, <s k t tch>) V d: = LEFT ( "H ni", 2) = H = RIGHT ( "H ni", 2) = i Lu : * Chui k t ghi trc tip trn hm phi c t trong hai du nhy kp. * Nu s k t cn trch ghi ln hn chiu di ca chui d liu th Excel ch ghi li ng di ca chui. * Tr s chiu di ca chui d liu c tnh k c cc khong trng trong . 2. Hm MID() + Chc nng: Cho kt qu l mt chui k t c ly ra trong <bt k t> theo nguyn tc sau: - Ly ra bt u t k t th nht <bt s 1> - Ly ra bt u t k t th nht <bt s 2> + C php: = Mid(<bt s 1>, <bt s 2>) 3. Hm LEN()
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Tin hc vn phng
+ Chc nng: cho kt qu l mt s biu th di ca <biu thc k t>. + C php: = Len(<biu thc k t>) 4. Hm LOWER() + Chc nng: chuyn i t <biu thc k t> thnh mt chui k t l ch thng + C php: = Lower(<biu thc k t>) 5. Hm UPPER() + Chc nng: chuyn i t <biu thc k t> thnh mt chui k t l ch hoa + C php: = Upper(<biu thc k t>) 6. Hm PROPER() + Chc nng: chuyn i t <biu thc k t> thnh mt chui k t m k t u l ch hoa + C php: = Proper(<biu thc k t>) 7. Hm REPLACE() + Chc nng: ly ra trong chui k t <bt k t 1> t k t s <bt s 1> v ly ra <bt s 2> k t. Thay vo l <bt k t 2> + C php: = Replace(<bt k t 1>, <bt s 1>, <bt s 2>,<bt k t 2>) 8. Hm REPT() + Chc nng: cho kt qu l mt chui k t c lp li <bt s> ln <bt k t. + C php:
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Tin hc vn phng
= Rept()<bt k t >, <bt s >) 9. Hm SEARD() + Chc nng: dng tm chui <bt k t 1> trong chui <bt k t 2>. Kt qu nhn c l v tr bt u xut hin ca <bt k t 1> trong chui <bt k t 2>. Nu bn c ch th <bt s> th vic tm kim c tin hnh bt u t k t th (bt s>. Nu khng c ch th ny th ngm nh bt u t k t th nht. + C php: = Search(<bt k t 1>,<bt k t 2>,<bt s>) V d: = Search(Hng,Ngc Hng Hng) kt qu nhn uc l 6 Nu bn ch th : = Search(Hng,Ngc Hng Hng,7) kt qu nhn uc l 11 v bt u tm k t th 7. 10. Hm SUBSTITUTE() + Chc nng: dng ly ra trong chui <bt k t 1> mt chui k t l <bt k t 2> v thay vo l <bt k t 3>. + C php: = Substitute (<bt k t 1>,<bt k t 2>,<bt k t 3>) V d: = Substitute(Nguyn Khnh Ngc,Ngc,Linh) kt qu nhn c l: Nguyn Khnh Linh 11. Hm TRIM () + Chc nng: cho kt qu l mt chui k t c ly t <bt k t > sau khi b cc k t trng u v cui chui k t. Hm Trim() cn b bt cc v tr trng gia hai t v ch li mt k t trng. + C php: = Trim(<bt k t>)
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Tin hc vn phng
V d: = Trim(Trung tm T vn) cho kt qu l: Trung tm T vn 12. Ton t & + Chc nng: dng ni hai chui k t. + C php: = text 1 & text 2 V d: ti A1 cha Nguyn Khnh, ti A2 cha Ngc , ti A3 nhp cng thc = A1&A2 , bn nhn c kt qu l: Nguyn Khnh Ngc 13. Hm CONCATENATE + Chc nng: ni kt cc chui vn bn thnh mt chui vn bn n + C php: =Concatenate(<chui k t 1>, <chui k t 2>, ... ) 14. Hm VALUE() + Chc nng: i mt vn bn sang mt s + C php: Value(<chui k t>)(c th chui k t hoc l tham chiu mt c cha k t)
15. Hm CHAR() + Chc nng: cho mt k t tng ng vi m ca n. + C php: Char(<m ASCII>) 16. Hm CODE() + Chc nng: cho m tng ng vi k t u tin trong vn bn. + C php: =Code(<chui k t>) 4.3.3. Hm s hc 1. Hm ABS() + Chc nng: cho kt qu l gi tr tuyt i ca biu thc s + C php: =ABS(<biu thc s>)
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Tin hc vn phng
2. Hm SQRT() + Chc nng: cho kt qu l cn bc 2 ca <biu thc s> vi iu kin <biu thc s> phi ln hn hoc bng 0. + C php: =SQRT(<biu thc s>) 3. Hm MOD() + Chc nng: cho kt qu l s d ca <biu thc s> chia cho s n. + C php: =Mod (<biu thc s>,n) 4. Cc hm lm trn s a. Hm ROUND() + Chc nng: lm trn mt s l <gi tr s> vi <biu thc s> gi tr thp phn. + C php: =Round(<gi tr s>, <biu thc s>) Nu <biu thc s> l dng th lm trn <gi tr s> theo cc s l (bn phi ca gi tr s) Nu <biu thc s> l m th lm trn <gi tr s> theo cc s nguyn (bn tri ca gi tr s)
b. Hm EVEN() + Chc nng: lm trn mt s ti s nguyn chn gn nht cc s nguyn tng ng c lm trn xung. + C php: =Even (<biu thc s>) V d: bn c s 23.4 nu s dng hm Even(23.4) ta c kt qu l 24 c. Hm ODD() + Chc nng: lm trn mt s ti s nguyn l nht. Cc s nguyn tng ng c lm trn xung. + C php: =Odd(<biu thc s>) V d: bn c s 23.4 nu s dng hm Odd(23.4) ta c kt qu l 25
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Tin hc vn phng
d. Hm FLORR() + Chc nng: cho gi tr l bi s ca <biu thc s 2> gn vi <biu thc s 1> nht. Gi tr ny c tnh nh hn <biu thc s 1> + C php: =Floor(<biu thc s 1>, <biu thc s 2> ) V d: =Floor(23.4,5) ta c kt qu l 20 e. Hm CEILING() + Chc nng: cho gi tr l bi s ca <biu thc s 2> gn vi <biu thc s 1> nht. Gi tr ny c tnh ln hn <biu thc s 1> + C php: =Ceiling(<biu thc s 1>, <biu thc s 2> ) V d: =Ceiling(23.4,5) ta c kt qu l 25 f. Hm INT() + Chc nng: cho kt qu l phn nguyn ca <biu thc s> + C php: =Int (<biu thc s>)
V d: =Int(23.46) ta c kt qu l 23 g. Hm TRUNC() + Chc nng: loi b cc gi tr sau du chm thp phn + C php: =Trunc (<biu thc s>)
V d: =Trunc(23.46) ta c kt qu l 23
Lu : im khc bit c bn gia INT() v TRUNC() l khi x l cc gi tr m.

V d: =Int(-100.99), cho kt qu l -101 Nhng kt qu hm: = Trunc(-100.99) cho kt qu l -100 5. Hm FACT() + Chc nng: cho kt qu l giai tha ca <biu thc s> + C php: =Fact (<biu thc s>) V d: =Fact(3) c kt qu l 6 (tng ng vi cng thc =1*2*3) 6. Hm COMBIN()
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Tin hc vn phng
+ Chc nng: cho gi tr l t hp ca <biu thc s 2> trong <biu thc s 1> + C php: =Trunc (<biu thc s>) V d: Gi s c 6 i bng c t chc theo th thc thi u vng trn, mi i u thi u mt trn vi i khc. Cc bn c th s dng hm Combin() tnh xem c bao nhiu trn bng cn t chc, bn nhp cng thc nh sau: =Combin(6,2), cho kt qa l 15 4.3.4. Hm logic 1. Hm AND() + Chc nng: hm cho kt qu l ng khi tt c cc iu kin trong danh sch u ng. + C php: =And(iu kin 1, iu kin 2) 2. Hm OR() + Chc nng: hm cho kt qu l ng khi t nht mt iu kin trong danh sch u ng. + C php: =Or(iu kin 1, iu kin 2) 3. Hm NOT() + Chc nng: hm cho kt qu l ng khi iu kin sai. Ngc li, lm cho gi tr sai khi iu kin l ng. + C php: =Not(iu kin) 4. Hm IF() + Chc nng: hm cho kt qu l <gi tr 1> nu <biu thc logic> l ng, ngc li kt qu nhn c l <gi tr 2>. + C php: =IF(<biu thc logic>,<gi tr 1>,<gi tr 2> ) V d: 4.3.5. Hm thng k 1. Hm COUNT()
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=IF(diem>=5,,Trut)
Tin hc vn phng
+ Chc nng: m tt cc cha gi tr l s trong danh sch. + C php: =COUNT(danh sch cc gi tr) 2. Hm COUNTA() + Chc nng: m tt cc trong danh sch cha d liu + C php: =COUNTA(danh sch cc tr) 2. Hm COUNTIF() + Chc nng: m tng khng trng tho mn tiu chun nh. + C php: =COUNTIF(<Phm vi cha tiu chun>,<tiu chun>) V d: COUNTIF( B1:B6,>=7) m tt cc t B1:B7 c im >=7 3. Hm RANK() + Chc nng: tm th bc ca tr s trong mt phm vi. + C php: = RANK(<gi tr s>, <phm vi dy s>,<0,1> ) - s 0 ( hoc khng ghi): th bc c tnh theo gi tr s gim dn. - s 1: th bc c tnh theo gi tr s tng dn. 4. Hm SUMIF() + Chc nng: cng nhng tho mn iu kin no . + C php: = SUMIF(<ct 1>,<iu kin>,<ct 2>) Trong : <ct 1> l tham chiu ti mt dy c kim tra theo mt <iu kin> no cho trc, <ct 2> l tham chiu ti mt dy cha gi tr tng, <iu kin> c th l mt s, mt biu thc, hay mt chui vn bn xc nh no cn tnh tng nhng phi t trong nhy kp v cng kiu d liu vi kiu d liu trong, <ct 1>. V d: Gi s, bn c bng tnh sau, sau bn hy tnh tin thng ca n v A. Ti E6, bn nhp cng thc =SumIf(C2:C5,=A,E2:E5), tng t nh vy ta tnh c cho n v B, C. A 1 TT 2 3 1 2 B H tn L Tun ng Trn Anh Ton C n v A C
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D S cng 28 25
E Tin thng 560000 125000
Tin hc vn phng
4 5 6
3 4
Trn Th Lan Nguyn Thanh T
A B
17 27
85000 270000
4.3.6. Hm tm kim & tham chiu
1. Hm VLOOKUP()
+ Chc nng: Thc hin vic tm kim tr x trn ct ch mc (ct u tin) ca bng tham chiu v cho kt qu tng ng trong ct tham chiu ch nh. + C php: VLOOKUP( x, Bng t/c, ct tham chiu, cch d) x : gi tr tm kim c th l mt chui hoc mt s hoc to cha d liu s hay chui hoc biu thc c kt qu l mt gi tr hay chui. Bng: L mt khi cc , thng gm nhiu hng v nhiu ct. Ct bn tri lun lun cha cc tr d tm, cc ct khc cha cc tr tng ng tham chiu. Ct tham chiu: L th t ca ct ( tnh t tri ca bng tr qua), ct u tin ca bng l ct 1. Cch d: L s 0 hoc s 1, ngm nh l 1. - Nu cch d l 1: . Danh sch ct bn tri ca bng phi xp theo th t tng dn. . Nu tr d x nh hn phn t u tin trong danh sch, lm cho tr l #N/A ( bt kh thi ) . Nu tr d ln hn phn t cui cng trong danh sch, xem nh tm thy phn t cui cng. . Nu tr d x ng khp vi mt phn t trong danh sch ( khng phn bit ch hoa hay thng nu l chui ), ng nhin tm thy ti phn t v cho tr l tr ca nm trong ct tham chiu cng hng vi phn t ny. - Nu cch d l 0: . Danh sch ct bn tri ca bng khng cn thit phi xp theo th t.
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Tin hc vn phng
. Nu tr d x khng ng khp vi bt k phn t no trong danh sch ( khng phn bit ch hoa hay thng nu l chui ) hm cho tr l #N/A ( bt kh thi ) . Ch khi no tr d x ng khp vi mt phn t trong danh sch ( khng phn bit ch hoa hay ch thng nu l chui ), mi cho tr l tr ca nm trong ct tham chiu cng hng vi phn t ny. V d: Tnh lng cho ba loi cng lao ng khc nhau, bit rng, s tin cho tng loi cng lao ng l: loi A: 20000 ng/ cng, loi B: 10000 ng/cng, loi C: 5000ng/cng. Tin lng c tnh theo cng thc: Tin lng = s cng s tin mt cng. Ta thc hin nh sau: - To bng gm 2 ct, ct A ch cc loi cng lao ng (A,B,C) v ct B ch s tin cng tng ng. - Chn E6, lp cng thc: = VLOOKUP(C6,$A$1:$B$3,2,1)*D6 Copy cng thc ny xung cc E7, E8,... Ta c kt qu: A 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 5 6 7 8 9 TT 1 2 3 4 B 20000 10000 5000 H tn L Tun ng Trn Anh Ton Trn Th Lan Nguyn Thanh T C D E
Loi A C D B
S cng 28 25 17 27
Tin 560000 125000 85000 270000
Ch , trong cng thc ta dng a ch tuyt i $A$1:$B$3 m bo a ch ny

khng b thay i trong qu trnh Copy.
2. Hm HLOOKUP()
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Tin hc vn phng
+ Chc nng: Thc hin vic tm kim x trn dng ch mc (dng u tin) ca bng tham chiu v cho kt qu tng ng trong dng tham chiu ch nh. + Hlookup(x, Bng t/c, Hng tham chiu, Cch d) Mi nguyn tc hot ng ca hm HLOOKUP ny ging nh hm VLOOKUP, ch khc l hm VLOOKUP d tm ct bn tri, tham chiu s liu cc ct bn phi, cn hm HLOOKUP d tm hng trn cng, tham chiu s liu cc hng pha di.. 3. Hm ADDRESS() + C php: tnh>) + Chc nng: dng tham chiu ti mt a ch theo cc s, trong <dng>, <ct> l cc s ch th t ca dng v ct ca cn tham chiu. - Nu <bt logic 1> l True (ng) th tham chiu s dng theo a ch tuyt i. - Nu <bt logic 2> l True th a ch l tuyt i theo dng v ct. - Nu <bt logic 2> l False th a ch l tuyt i theo a ch R1C1 Bn c th ch nh thm tn bng tnh nu cn tham chiu sang mt bng tnh khc. Nu ch cn tham chiu ti cc trong bng tnh hin thi th khng cn tham s ny. V d: =Address(3,2,True,True) kt qu l: $B$3, nu bn ch th =Address(3,2,True,False) th kt qu nhn c l R3C2 4. Hm CHOOSE() + Chc nng: dng ly ra mt gi tr trong danh sch cc gi tr c ch nh + C php: = Choose(<bt s>,<danh sch gi tr>) Trong : <bt s> l v tr cn ly gi tr trong danh sch cc gi tr. V d: gi s bn c bng tnh: nu trong C5, bn nhp cng thc: =Address(<dng>,<ct>,<bt logic 1>,<bt logic 2>,<tn bng
A 1 2 Bn Gh
= Choose(2,B1,B2,B3,B4) Bn s nhn c gi tr l: Gh Bn cng cn lu rng, nu bn thay danh sch

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Tin hc vn phng
3 4
T Bn l
cc gi tr s b bo li. C th l bn a vo cng Thc =Choose(2,B1:B4) th khng hp l.
5. Hm MATCH() + Chc nng: a ra v tr tm thy (hoc gn ng nu khng tm thy) ca gi tr cn tm thy trong <vng tm kim>. + C php: = MATCH(<gi tr tm kim>,<vng tm kim>,<dng>) Trong : <gi tr tm kim> l gi tr dng s hoc k t c dng tm kim trong <vng tm kim> <dng> xc nh cch thc tm kim v phi l mt trong 3 gi tr 1, 0 v -1 (ay l gi tr ngm nh nu bn khng ch th tham s ny). 6. Hm INDEX() a. Dng tm kim theo tham chiu + C php: =INDEX(<vng tm kim>,<dng>,<ct>) + Chc nng: a ra gi tr ca mt trong <vng tm kim> c xc nh bi <dng> v <ct> b. Dng tm kim theo dy + C php: =INDEX(<dy>,<dng>,<ct>) + Chc nng: a ra gi tr ca mt trong <vng tm kim> c xc nh bi <dng> v <ct> V d: gi s ta c bng tnh sau: nu bn nhp cng thc =INDEX(A2:E5,1,1) s cho kt qu: L Tun ng
1 2 3 4 5
A TT 1 2 3 4
B H tn L Tun ng Trn Anh Ton Trn Th Lan Nguyn Thanh
C Loi A C D B
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D S cng 28 25 17 27
E Tin 560000 125000 85000 270000
Tin hc vn phng
T =INDEX({10,20,30,40,50,60}) s cho kt qu: 20 V d p dng cc hm Match() v Index(): gi s ta c bng tnh nh trang sau:
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ngy 1/8/98 2/8/98
C D Danh mc vt t M VT Tn VT V tnh V001 Cassette Chic V002 Bia H ni V003 Bn l Danh sch vt t M VT Tn VT V tnh V001 V002
E n gi 300,000 6,000 100,000 n gi
Da vo M vt t, bn hy a cc thng tin tng ng ca tng loi vt t nh: Tn vt t, n v tnh, n gi; trong Danh mc vt t vo Danh sch nhp vt t. Ti C8 (trong ct Tn vt t), cc bn nhp cng thc:
=INDEX(B3:E5,Match(B8,B3:E5,0),2). Bn s nhn c kt qu l: Cassette. Trong hm Match(B8,B3:E5,0) cho kt qu l 1, bi v tm thy gi tr ca B8 (V001) nm trong dng 1 ca vng B3:B5 v nh vy, cng thc tr thnh: = Index(B3:B5,1,2); kt qu nhn c l trn dng 1 ct 2 ca vng B3:B5, y chnh l C3 nh ni trn. Tng t nh vy, bn sao chp cng thc ny sang cc cn li ca ct Tn vt t. i vi ct n v tnh, bn nhp cng thc: =Index(B3:E5,Match(B8,B3:E5,0),3). Trong cng thc trn, s 3 ch vic xc nh cn ly gi tr trn th ba ca vng B3:B5, y chnh l ct V tnh. 4.3.7. Mt s hm phn tch ti chnh
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Tin hc vn phng
Excel cung cp rt nhiu hm nhng ch cp n ba hm ti chnh hay c s dng nht l PMT, FV v RATE. S dng cc hm ny bn c th tnh c s n phi tr, gi tr u t trong tng lai v li sut ca u t. 1. Hm PMT() + Chc nng: Hm PMT tnh thanh ton nh k cn thit tr dn n vay sau s k hn nh. + C php: =PMT(rate, number of periods, present value, future value, type) Trong : rate: mc li sut, number of periods: thi hn phi tr, present value: gi tr hin ti, future value: gi tr tng lai, type: thanh ton u k nu type=1, nu type=0 thanh ton cui k). + V d: bn vay mt khon n l 10000$ trong 3 nm vi li sut l 9% nm. S n phi tr hng thng l bao nhiu? a con tr chut vo bng tnh v g: (-318.00$) 2. Hm FV() + Chc nng : tnh gi tr ti thi im thanh ton trong tng lai. + C php: =FV(rate, number of periods, payment, present value,type) Trong : rate: mc li sut, number of periods: thi hn u t, payment: mc u t cho mi khong thi gian (cho 1 nm, hoc 1 thng), present value: gi tr hin ti,type: thanh ton u k nu type=1, nu type=0 thanh ton cui k). + V d: bn gi s tin ban u l 2000$ vi li sut 10% nm. Sau 30 nm bn s c mt s tin l bao nhiu? 3. Hm NPER() + Chc nng : tnh s k cn thit tng lai. + C php: =NPER(rate, pmt, pv, fv,type) Trong : rate: mc li sut, pmt: s tin tr cho mi k, pv: gi tr hin ti, fv: gi tr tng lai, type: thanh ton u k nu type=1, nu type=0 thanh ton cui k). + V d: gi s bn vay mt khon tin l 100000 vi li sut 8% nm. Bn c th tr dn 1000 trong mt thng v bn mun bit trong thi gian bao nhiu thng?
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= PMT(9%/12,36,10000) kt qu s tr v
Tin hc vn phng
a con tr chut vo bng tnh v g: tr v 165.34 4. Rate()
= Nper((8/12)%,-1000,100000) kt qu s
+ Chc nng : Hm rate() cho php bn xc nh mc li nhun ca mt khon u t pht sinh thanh ton nh k hoc thanh ton gp. + C php: =RATE(number of periods, payment, present value, future value, type, guess) Trong : number of periods: thi hn u t, payment: mc thanh ton cho hng nm hoc hng thng), present value: mc u t ban u, guess: i s tu cho Excel im khi u tnh ton li sut, nu bn b qua Excel bt u 0.1 (10%)). + V d: Gi s bn ang xem xt khon u t s mang li cho bn mn thanh ton hng nm l 1000$ trong 5 nm, khon u t ny tn 3000$. xc nh mc li nhun hng nm trn khon u t, bn g vo cng thc: v gi tr 20% mc li nhun trn khon u t ny. 5. S dng lnh Goal Seek d bo: lnh Goal Seek tm mt gi tr no nhm to ra mt kt qu mong mun, v d nh lng a CD phi bn c t c mt doanh s 1000000$. s dng Goal Seek, hy xc lp worksheet cha: - Mt cng thc tnh ton gi tr ch - Mt trng cha gi tr cn tm - Cc gi tr cn thit khc cho cng thc trng c tham chiu n trong cng thc v hot ng nh mt bin Excel thay i. d on bng cch s dng lnh Goal Seek, cch lm nh sau: 1. Xy dng worksheet cha mt cng thc, mt bin trng s cha gii php v cc d liu cn thit cho php tnh ton. V d: xc nh s lng li c ph phi bn gi 1.75$ nhm t c doanh s 30000$. 2. Trong worksheet, chn mt cha cng thc (trong hp thoi Goal Seek c gi l Set Cell) 3. Chn Goal Seek t lnh n Tools, hp thoi xut hin. 4. Nhn Tab ri g vo gi tr ch mun t c trong mc To Value (g vo gi tr 30000).
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=RATE(5,1000,-3000) tr
Tin hc vn phng
5. Nhn Tab chn mc By Changing Cell, bn c th di hp thoi Goal Seek i ni khc nu cn thit chn bin . 6. Chn OK tm gii php doanh s. Lc ny, hp thoi s hin th thng bo sau khi kt thc qu trnh lp, v kt qu ca d on s c hin th trn worksheet. Nh vy, lnh Goal Seek cho bit cn bn 17.143 ly c ph vi gi tr 1.75$ t doanh s 30000$. 7. Chn OK ng hp thoi Goal Seek li. 6. S dng Solver cn i gia s lng v gi c Khi vn cn d on cn s dng nhiu bin, bn nn s dng trnh b sung Solver phn tch kch bn. minh ho cch s dng Solver, ly v d mt tim c ph c bn 3 loi thc ung: c ph thng, c ph latte v c ph mocha. Gi mi li ca chng l 1.25$, 2$ v 2.25$. Hin bn cha bit c loi c ph no a li li nhun nhiu hn. Mun lm c iu ny, trc ht phi xy dng c ch cho mc ch ca vn (v d mt cng thc tnh doanh thu ln nht ) - v gn mt hay nhiu bin Solver thay i nhm t c mc ch ca bn. Bng tnh cn c th cha cc gi tr v cng thc khc s dng ch v cc bin. Mi bin u c ch s dng th Solver mi c th lm c ( ch phi ph thuc vo cc bin). Bng di y, G4 l ch tnh tng li nhun ca 3 loi c ph trn. C 3 dng u quy v G4, chng cho bit cng thc trong G4 ph thuc nh th no i vi 3 php tnh ton kia. 3 bin D5, D9, D13 - l 3 gi tr bn mun Solver cho bit khi n tm gii php ti u nhm thu c li nhun ti a hng tun. T G11:G13 l danh sch cc hng s s dng nhm d on. V d nh ch c th bn 500 li c ph mi tun, trong s li c ph mocha ti a l 125 (v cn ph thuc vo s c la ch bin thm vo c ph mocha), tc 2 loi c ph kia ti a l 350 li. Bng tnh phi cha cc cha cc gi tr hng (trong v d ny l cc g6:g8). Mun chy Solver , bn nhn chut vo ch - l cha cng thc da trn cc bin mun Solver gii quyt ( G4). T thc n Tools, chn Solver, mt hp thoi xut hin. V ch chn nn mc Set Cell Target s cha a ch ny. Chn Max vo mc Equal to chn mc By Changing Cells chn tng bin, 3 trng D5, D9, D13 c nhim v hin th s li c ph cho tng loi nhn ln nt Add a
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Tin hc vn phng
hng th nht vo hp thoi Constraint , nhn ln G8 chn G11 nhn ln nt Add a hng th 2, nhn ln G7 chn G12 nhn ln nt Add a hng th 3 , nhn ln D13 chn G13 chn OK a c 3 hng vo hp thoi Solver nhn Solver tnh ton kt qu.
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Tin hc vn phng
A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Gi mi li c ph thng l S li s bn c l Tng
1.25$
Tng li =D6+D10+D14 nhun C ph =D5
=D4*D5
thng Mocha+Latt =D19+D13 e Tng 3 loi =D5+D9+D13
Gi mi li c ph latte S li s bn c l Tng
2.00$ =D8*D9 Ti a c 3 500 loi Ti M+La Ti Mocha =D12*D1 3
Gi mi li c ph mocha S li s bn c l Tng
2.25$
a 350 a 125
Mt s v d ng dng gii h phng trnh 3 n s
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Tin hc vn phng
CHNG V: LAM VIC VI CAC BANG TINH TRONG TP TIN WORKBOOK

5.1. Lm vic vi cc bng tnh trong tp tin workbook Tp tin Workbook trong Excel l mt tp hp ca nhng loi bng tnh (c th cha t 1 n 255 bng tnh) khc nhau nh: d liu, th, Macro,... v thng c lin quan vi nhau. Theo thng s nh sn ca Excel th trong mt Workbook c 16 bng tnh d liu (Worksheet) v c t tn l Sheet 1 cho n Sheet 16. Tn bng tnh c biu th trn nhng Tab cnh di, bn tri ca s Excel. Khi cn lm vic n bng tnh no, bn ch cn di chuyn vo Click vo Tab cha tn bng tnh (Tab cha tn bng tnh hin hnh s c lm m mu phn bit). di chuyn n nhng bng tnh khc trong Workbook, bn chn cc nt: (bng tnh u), (bng tnh cui), (bng tnh k cn). Trong tp tin Workbook, bn c th: * Chn thm hoc xo bt nhng bng tnh. * i tn bng tnh (chiu di ti a l 31 k t). * Sao chp hoc di chuyn nhng bng tnh trong phm vi Workbook hoc n nhng tp tin Workbook khc * Che giu nhng bng tnh.
M nhiu ca s cho mt tp bng tnh

Bn mun hin th nhiu ca s bng tnh cn thc hin trn cng mt mn hnh d quan st: + Chn lnh [Menu] Windows > New Windows. + La chn bng tnh cn hin th trn Tab Sheet. + Chn lnh [Menu] Windows > Arrange, chn nt Tiled v OK. 3. Nhp chnh sa d liu trong bng tnh hin hnh. 4. g b vic lin kt nhm bn ch cn Click vo mt bng tnh khc ngoi nhm.
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Tin hc vn phng
Phn trang thnh cc khung ca s T menu Window chn lnh Split. Sau khi bn tch ca s, lnh Split trn menu Window bin thnh Remove Split, tr c hai vch phn chia v v tr mc nh. Mun di chuyn t khung ca s ny sang ca s khc bng bn phm, bn nhn F6. Sau khi bn tch ca s thnh nhng khung ca s, bn c th gi c nh khung tri, khung trn hoc c hai bng lnh Freeze Panes trn menu Window. 5.1.1. Chn thm bng tnh vo Workbook
a. Chn bng tnh cha d liu

1. La chn mt (hoc nhm) bng tnh trong Workbook. * 1 bng tnh: Click vo Tab cha tn bng tnh cn la chn. * 1 nhm bng tnh k cn: Click vo Tab cha tn bng tnh cn la chn tin, nhn phm Shift Click vo Tab cha tn bng tnh cn la chn cui cng. * 1 nhm bng tnh khng lin lc: nhn Ctrl trong khi Click vo Tab cha trn bng tnh cn la chn. * Ton b bng tnh: [Shortcut] Select All Sheets. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Insert > Worksheet hoc nhn phm Shift-F11. Excel s chn thm nhng bng tinh mi bn tri ca phm vi la chn b. Chn bng tnh th 1. La chn phm vi d liu cn minh ho trn bng tnh. * Click vo trn bng tnh v Drag trn phm vi cha d liu cn minh ho. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Insert >chart v chn As New Sheet (Hoc nhn phm F11). Lu : * Khi cn chn thm nhng loi bng tnh khc, bn thc hin nh sau: 1. Chn lnh [Shortcut] Insert. 2. Chn loi bng tnh cn chn trn khung New. 3. Chn nt OK. 5.1.2. Sao chp hoc di chuyn nhng bng tnh trong Workbook Excel s chn thm bng tnh th bn tri ca bng tnh d liu. u
1. S dng Mouse
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Tin hc vn phng
1. La chn 1 (hoc nhm) bng tnh Workbook. 2. Chn: * Drag n v tr mi: di chuyn bng tnh la chn vo v tr mi: * Nhn Ctrl trong khi Drag vo v tr mi: sao chp bng tnh la chn n v tr n nh. Excel s xut hin hnh tng trang bng tnh v mt hnh tam gic nh pha trn Tab ch bo v tr thc hin. 2. S dng Menu lnh 1. La chn mt (hoc nhm) bng tnh trong Workbook. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Move or Copy Sheet (hoc [Shortcut] Move or Copy Sheet). Xut hin hp i thoi Move or Copy 3. La chn v tr mi trong khung Before Sheet. 4. Chn: * Nt OK: di chuyn bng tnh la chn vo v tr mi. * Bt thng s Create A Copy v chn nt OK: sao chp bng tnh la chn n v tr n nh. 5.1.3. Sao chp (hoc di chuyn) nhng bng tnh t Workbook hin hnh vo tp tin Workbook khc a. Sao chp hoc di chuyn nhng bng tnh t Workbook hin hnh vo tp tin Workbook to +) S dng Mouse: 1. c v hin th nhng tp tin Workbook cn thc hin (tp tin ngun v tp tin ch) trn cng mt mn hnh. 2. La chn 1 (hoc nhm) bng tnh trong tp tin Workbook ngun. 3. Chn: * Drag n v tr mi: di chuyn bng tnh la chn vo v tr mi: * Nhn Ctrl trong khi Drag vo v tr mi: sao chp bng tnh la chn n v tr n nh. Excel s xut hin hnh tng trang bng tnh v mt hnh tam gic nh pha trn Tab ch bo v tr thc hin.
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Tin hc vn phng
b) S dng Menu lnh. 1. c li tp tin Workbook cn thc hin (tp tin ngun v tp tin ch). 2. La chn mt (hoc nhm) bng tnh trong tp tin Workbook ngun. 3. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Move or Copy Sheet (hoc [Shortcut] Move or Copy Sheet). Xut hin hp i thoi Move or Copy. 4. La chn tp tin Workbook ch trn khung To Book. 5. La chn v tr mi trong khung before sheet: 6. Chn: * Nt OK: di chuyn bng tnh la chn vo v tr mi. * Bt thng s Create A Copy v chn nt OK: sao chp bng tnh la chn n v tr n nh. b. Sao chp hoc di chuyn nhng bng tnh t Workbook hin hnh vo tp tin Workbook mi: 1. La chn mt (hoc nhm) bng tnh trong tp tin Workbook ngun. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Move or Copy Sheet (hoc [Shortcut] Move or Copy Sheet). Xut hin hp i thoi Move or Copy. 3. Chn [New book] (tp tin ch) trn khung To book. 4. Chn: * Nt OK: di chuyn bng tnh la chn vo v tr mi. * Bt thng s Create A Copy v chn nt OK: sao chp bng tnh la chn n v tr n nh. Lu : Khi s dng Mouse bn ch cn Drag tn bng tnh la chn ra khi Workbook hin hnh. 5.1.4. i tn bng tnh trong Workbook 1. La chn bng tnh cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Format > Sheet > Rename (hoc [Shortcut] Rename hay Double Click trn Tab cha tn bng tnh). Xut hin hp i thoi Rename Sheet.
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Tin hc vn phng
3. Nhp tn bng tnh mi (c gii hn 31 k t). 4. Chn nt OK. 5.1.5. Xo nhng bng tnh trong Workbook 1. La chn mt (hoc nhm) bng tnh cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Delete Sheet (hoc [Shortcut] Delete). Xut hin hp thng bo. 3. Chn: * Nt OK: xc nhn vic xo nhng bng tnh la chn. * Nt Cancel: hu b lnh xo bng tnh.
5.1.6. Che giu/hin li bng tnh trong Workbook a. Che giu nhng bng tnh trong Workbook 1. La chn mt (hoc nhm) bng tnh cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Format > Sheet > Hide.
b. Hin li nhng bng tnh trong Workbook

1. Chn lnh [Menu] Edit > Format > Sheet > Unhide. Xut hin hp i thoi Unhide. 2. Chn tn bng tnh cn hin th trn khung Unhide Sheet. 3. Chn nt OK. 5.2. Cc tnh nng tin ch
1. Thm ch gii cho

Excel cho php bn gn nhng ch gii vo la chn trn bng tnh. Ni dung ch gii ny c th l chui d liu (dng m t hay gi thch v d liu trong ) Trong bng tnh nhng ch gii ny khng xut hin chung vi gi kin trong , nhng bn c th xem li trn hp i thoi. Khi cn thit, bn c th in chung vi nhng d liu trn bng tnh. ch gii c nh du bng im nh mu gc phi trn ca . hin th trong worksheet, hy dng chut trn cho n khi ch gii c xut hin.
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Tin hc vn phng
Nh l ch gii tn ti c lp vi ni dung trong , khng c s chung ng y. xo ghi ch, hy chn cha ch gii trn worksheet, chn clear t lnh n Edit ri chn Comments t lnh n con clear.
2. Kim tra li (spell checking)

Trc khi in hoc lu d liu trn bng tnh vo a, bn nn s dng lnh Spelling ca Excel kim tra li nhm pht hin cc sai st (nu c) trong qu trnh nhp liu Excel s kim tra ton b d liu (cc t, ch) trong bng tnh hin hnh k c nhng d liu trong hp Text box v biu ca trang in, hoc th hay ch trn mt phm vi ch nh nh mt khi, mt t. Excel s pht hin li nhng t c trn phm vi kim tra nhng khng c trong phm vi i chiu (l nhng t c trong tp tin t iu chnh hay b nh). 3. G tt (tng t nh Word). Ngoi chc nng g tt, Excel cn c AutoComplete gip bn c cng nh my cng nh tng chnh xc ca mc nhp. Bn kch hot AutoComplete nh sau: chn Options t menu Tools, nhp tab EDIT, v nu nh c tnh ny cha hot ng, hy chn tu chn Enable AutoComplete For Cell Values (theo mc nh l c kch hot). 4. Kim ton v gii thch bng tnh Excel c mt s c tnh mnh m v linh hot, gip bn kim ton, g ri bng tnh v gip bn gii thch cng vic ca mnh. Mun lm c vic ny, bn chn Auditing trn menu Tools, nhp lnh Show Auditing Toolbar, lc ny thanh cng c Auditing xut hin cha cc nt kim sot cng c truy nguyn (cell tracer) v ch gii . Khi s dng tnh nng Auditing Excel s t ng t nhng ng mi tn v cc khung mi tn v cc khung bao quanh cc ph thuc d dng theo di mi quan h ca nhng cha cng thc hay nhng b li vi nhng ph thuc trong bng tnh.
a. Theo di nhng ph thuc vo cng thc trong hin hnh

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Tin hc vn phng
1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo cha cng thc cn theo di. Nu hin hnh khng phi l cng thc th Excel s xut hin thng bo li. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Tools > Auditing. 3. Chn lnh Trace Precedents (hoc nt trn Toolbar Auditing). Xut hin ng mi tn (bt u t ph thuc u tin, vi u tn hng v cha cng thc) v mt khung bao quanh cc ph thuc. b. Theo di v s ph thuc ca hin hnh vi nhng cng thc 1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo cn theo di . 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Tools > Auditing 3. Chn lnh Trace Precedents (hoc nt trn Toolbar Auditing). Xut hin nhng ng mi tn (bt u t hin hnh vi u tn, vi u tn hng v nhng cha cng thc). c. Theo di b li 1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo cn theo di . Nu hin hnh khng phi l b li th Excel s xut hin b li. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Tools > Auditing. 3. Chn lnh Trace Error (hoc nt trn Toolbar Auditing). Xut hin ng mi tn (bt u t ph thuc u tin, vi u tn hng v nhng b li). d. Xo cc ng mi tn v khung bao quanh 1. La chn cn thc hin. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Tools > Auditing. 3. Chn lnh Remove All Arrow (hoc nt trn Toolbar Auditing): Lu : Khi chn thng s Hide All trong Tab View ca lnh Tools > Options th nhng ng mi tn v khung bao quanh s khng xut hin. Double Click vo u hoc cui mi tn la chn hin hnh hoc nhng ph thuc. Khi ng Workbook, Excel s khng lu li cc ng mi tn v khung bao quanh.
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Tin hc vn phng
5. Thanh nt lnh (thanh cng c Toolbar)

Toolbar (thanh cng c hoc thanh nt lnh) l thanh cha cc nt hnh tng thay th cho nhng lnh macro cn thc hin thng xuyn theo tng nhm lnh (nhng ch c th s dng khi c thit b mouse). Khi di chuyn con tr Mouse n nt Tool no trn Toolbar th Excel s hin th mt m t ngn gn v cng dng ca nt (Tool Tip) v mt dng thng bo trn dng tnh trng. Bn c th di chuyn Toolbar n nhng cnh ca bng tnh nh cc thanh Menu lnh hoc vo mt v tr bt k trn bng tnh. Ngoi thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar) v Formatting Toolbar ang hin th trn mn hnh Excel cn to thm mt s Toolbar khc nh: Query and Pivot. Chart. Drawing. Tip Wizard, Form Stop Recording, Visual Basic... Bn d dang thc hin vic to mi cc Toolbar khc hoc chnh sa thay i nhng nt Tool trn nhng Toolbar sn c. a. Bt/Tt hin th, di chuyn nhng Toolbar trn mn hnh + Hin th nhng Toolbar trn mn hnh 1. Chn lnh [Menu] Views > Toolbar... (hoc di chuyn vo mt Toolbar ang c trn mn hnh v Click nt Phi Mouse). Excel xut hin hp i thoi Toolbar (hoc khung lit k cc Toolbar). Nhng Tool bar ang hin th trn mn hnh s c nh du phn bit. 2. Click trn nhng Toolbar cn hin th trn mn hnh. 3. Chn nhng thng s khi cn thit. * Color Toolbar: Khi cn c nhng mu sc trn nhng nt Tool. * Large Buttons: Lm ln cc nt Tool. * Show ToolTips: Hin th m t ngn v cng dng ca nt Tool. 4. Chn nt OK. + ng (tt)Toolbar trn mn hnh Chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau: * Click trn Control box ca Toolbar cn tt. * Thc hin li cc bc lnh 1,2,3 * Right- Click trn Toolbar bt k sau click trn Toolbar cn tt.
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Tin hc vn phng
+. Di chuyn Toolbar Drag trn thanh tiu (hoc nhng khong trng)ca Toolbar cn thc hin n v tr mi hoc Double click trong Toolbar t ng chuyn Toolbar v v tr ban u). Bn c th di chuyn Toolbar n v tr bt k (hoc vo cc cnh) ca bng tnh. b. To mi xo, thay i Toolbar +. To mi Toolbar 1. Chn lnh :[Menu] Views > Toolbar...(hoc di chuyn vo mt Toolbar ang c trn mn hnh v click nt phi Mouse). Excel xut hin hp i thoi Toolbars (hoc khung lit k cc Toolbar). 2. Nhp tn cho Toolbar cn to trn khung Toolbar Name. 3. Chn nt Customize. Xut hin hp i thoi Customize v Toolbar va t tn. 4. Chn nhm Toolbar trn khung Categories. Xut hin ton b nhng nt lnh c trong nhm Tool la chn trn khung Buttons. 5. Chn: * Xem cng dng ca nt Tool trn dng tnh trng: - Click vo nt Tool cn xem trn khung Buttons. * B sung nt lnh vo Toolbar (hoc to Toolbar mi theo s th t thc hin). - Drag nhng nt Tool la chn trn khung Buttons vo trong nhng Toolbar ang hin th hoc vo bt k trn bng tnh. * Xo nhng nt Tool khng cn thit trong Toolbar - Drag nhng nt lnh khng cn thit ra ngoi nhng Toolbar ang hin th hoc vo bt k trn bng tnh. 6. Chn nt Close +. Xo nhng Toolbar t to hoc tr v nh dng ban u vi nhng Toolbar to sn ca Excel. 1. Chn lnh: [Menu] Views > Toolbar...(hoc di chuyn vo mt Toolbar ang c trn mn hnh v click nt phi Mouse)
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Tin hc vn phng
Excel xut hin hp i thoi Toolbars (hoc khung lit k cc Toolbar).
2. Click vo Toolbar cn xo. 3. Chn nt . * Delete: xo nhng Toolbar t to. * Reset: khi phc li nh dng mc nhin ban u vi nhng Toolbar da excel to ra. 4. Chn nt OK. c. Chnh sa / thay i cc nt Tool trn Toolbar 1. Hin th Toolbar cn thc hin trn mn hnh. 2. Chn lnh :[Menu] Views > Toolbar v chn nt Customize (hoc Right-Click trn mt Toolbar bt k v chn Customize). Xut hin hp i thoi Customize 3. Di chuyn v Right- Click vo nt Tool trn Toolbar cn thc hin. Xut hin Menu ph. 4. Chn. * Copy Button Image: sao chp hnh nh nt Tool hin hnh vo Clipboard. * Paste Button Image :sao chp vt th trong Clipboard vo nt Tool hin hnh. * Reset Button Image : tr v hnh dng nt Tool nguyn thu. * Edit Tool Face: chnh sa hnh nh nt Tool. * Assign Macro: gn macro vo nt lnh. 5. Chn nt Close. Lu : * Khi xut hin hp i thoi Customize, bn c th dng Mouse thay i cc nt Tool trn Toolbar nh sau

Xo nt Tool: Drag nt Tool ra khi Toolbar. Di chuyn nt Tool: Drag nt tool n v tr mi trong Toolbar.
Sao chp nt Tool: Nhn phm Ctrl trong khi Drag nt Tool n v tr cn sao chp trn Toolba 6. Macro
a. Khi nim
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Tin hc vn phng
Macro l mt tp hp cc lnh t ng ho cc thao tc phi lp i lp li. Macro ging nh chng trnh my tnh, nhng chng chy hon ton trong Excel. C 2 cch to macro: ghi macro hoc xy dng macro bng cch nhp cc cu lnh vo mt trang c tn l Modul. mun nhp cc cu lnh vo Modul, bn vn dng ngn ng lp trnh Microsoft Visual Basic l mt ngn ng mnh v ngy cng tr nn ph bin trong chng trnh ng dng Microsoft Windows v Macintosh, n c nhng u th hn hn ngn ng lp trnh Macro khc.
b. Cch ghi mt macro

Thay v g mt k t, bn c th yu cu Excel to Macro bng cch ghi lnh menu, phm g v cc hot ng cn thit khc, hon thnh tc v. Sau khi xong chui hot ng, bn chy Macro thi hnh li tc v. ng nh bn mong i, kh nng pht li rt hu ch vi nhng Macro t ng ho tin trnh di lp i lp li nh nhp v nh dng bng, hoc in mc no trong trang bng tnh. V tng th, tin trnh Macro bao gm 3 bc: bc th nht bn khi ng Macro recorder v t tn Macro, bc k tip l thc hin cc hot ng mun ghi li, chng hn nh chn lnh menu, chn v nhp liu. Sau cng l bn tt Macro recorder.
c. Chy Macro
Mun thi hnh mt Macro, trc ht bn phi chn vng m bn mun thc hin tc v, sau bn chn m Macro t thc n Tools chn tn Macro trong danh sch, ri nhn RUN. Lp tc Macro s thi hnh nh yu cu ca bn.
d. Gn mt lnh tt ( ShortCut Key ) cho Macro

T menu Tools chn Macro chn Macro trong danh sch, ri chn Options g phm tt vo mc ShortCut Key Chn OK tr v hp thoi Macro, ri nhn Close tr v bng tnh. Mun thi hnh Macro, bn ch vic g phm tt m bn va nh ngha.
e. Xem Macro
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Khi to Macro xong, Excel ghi li cc hot ng ca bn v chn m Visual Base tng ng vo module trong tp bng tnh. Mun xem module ny, bn chn Tools Macro sau chn tn Macro va to v nhn nt Edit. Visual Base Editor xut hin - chng trnh c lp vi Excel - khi ng. 7. Biu bng tnh a. Cc bc to biu Bc 1: Nhy chut vo biu tng Chart Wizard: trn Standard Toolbar. Khi con tr chut bin thnh hnh du ( +). Hy v phc ho mt vng trn bng tnh t biu vo bng cch r chut t gc trn bn tri n gc di bn phi ca vng. Hp i thoi sau xut hin: Nhy chut ti nt Next> tip tc bc 2. Bc 2: Chn kiu th. Excel c nhiu kiu khc nhau, mun chn kiu no th nhy chut vo hnh kiu chn. Nhy chut ti nt Next> tip tc bc 3. Bc 3. Chn kiu chi tit cho kiu va chn bc 2. Nhy chut ti nt Next> tip tc bc 4. Bc 4: th "nhp ", da vo cc thao tc 3 bc trc, Chart Wizard phc ho mt th nh sau vi cc thng s c th thay i c: - Data Series in: Chn Rows (hng) nu mun phn tch d liu theo hng, chn Columns (ct) nu mun phn tch d liu theo ct. - use First Row(s) for Category (X) Axis Labels: S dng hng u tin ( trong khi d liu chn ) gn nhn trc X. - Use First Column(s) for Legend Text: S dng ct u tin ( trong khi d liu chn ) gn gi tr phn t l trc Z . Sau cng nhy chut ti nt Next> tip tc bc 5. Bc 5. Bc cui cng, Chart Wizard hi thm: - Add a Legend?: C thm phn ch gii khng? Chn yes s c khung bn cnh cho bit cc ct mu g. Chn No th khng c khung ny. - Chart Title: t tiu cho biu . - Axis Title: t tiu cho trc X v Z Hp Category (X): G tiu trc X Hp Value (Z) : G tiu trc Z
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Sau cng chn Finish. Kt qu ta c mt biu . Ch : trong mc Chart Options. Trong Gridlines ch nh c hay khng c cc ln phn chia ngang dc. Nu mun dng ln phn chia ngang ta ch cn Major Gridlines mc Value Axis. b. Hiu chnh biu - Chn: Nhy chut vo biu mun hiu chnh, khung vin biu s hin 8 nm 4 gc v im gia cc cnh. - Di chuyn: Dng chut ko phm vi biu n v tr mi. - Thay i kch thc: Dng chut r cc nt trn khung vin. - hiu chnh cc thnh phn bn trong biu , nhy i chut trong phm vi, lc excel s cho php can thip vo tng phn ca biu . . Mun chn thnh phn no, nhy chut vo thnh phn . . Thay i kch thc, v tr ca tng thnh phn c thao tc nh trn. . Mun nh dng phn no, nhy i chut vo thnh phn . . Thay i kiu biu din th: Thc hin lnh Format/Autoformat Mc Galleries: Chn nhm th Mc Formats: Chn kiu th trong nhm . Xo tiu ca biu : Nhy chut vo tiu , bm phm Del. Thc hin tng t xo tiu ca X, Z v ch gii. . hiu chnh tiu ca biu v cc trc ta cn lm xut hin tiu biu v cc trc: Thc hin lnh Insert/Title ri nh du chn mc tiu cn hiu chnh. Sau nhy p chut vo tiu cn iu chnh ri tin hnh hiu chnh c. V th cc hm ton hc v th cho cc hm ton hc, bn ch cn cho mt on s liu trn min xc nh ca th . Sau v th da trn on s liu mi to. V d v th hm s: Y=2x2-3x+5. Cch to s liu mu: nu ti A1 bn g vo -10, A2 l -9 ... v A21 l 10 (bn c th d dng lm iu ) th B1 bn hy g vo cng thc=2*A1*A1-3*A1+5 v ko cng thc xung n B21.
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Chng 6: C php :
Kt ni cc bng tnh v tp bng tnh =<Tn bng tnh>!<a ch >
6.1. Kt ni cc bng tnh trong cng mt tp bng tnh
V d: gi s ta ang bng tnh "DMTK", bn mun a gi tr ca A3 trong bng tnh "K ton", hy a con tr v v tr cn nhn d liu v a cng thc : =K ton!A3
6.2. Kt ni cc bng tnh trong cc tp bng tnh khc nhau
C php :
=[Tn tp]<Tn bng tnh>!<a ch >
V d: gi s bn c mt tp bng tnh l LUONG.XLS nm trong th mc Excel thuc a C. Trong tp bng tnh ny c bng tnh THANG1, THANG2,... Bn ly d liu ca A3 ca bng tnh THANG1, bn ch th: ='C:\EXCEL\[LUONG.XLS]THANG1'!$B$3 Ch : C mt du nhy u v cui tp bng tnh. Nu c ng dn th du nhy m u u ng dn.
6.3. Cc v d ng dng 6.4. Tnh nng group v outline
Lin kt dng hoc ct d liu chi tit trn bng tnh vo trong cc nhm chnh theo tng cp (nh nhng mc ca mt dn bi ). Khi cn thit, bn c th thc hin vic lin k d liu trn bng tnh theo tng nhm n nh .
1. La chn nhng ct /dng trong bng tnh cn lin kt vo nhm

1. La chn nhng ct (hoc nhng dng ) cn lin kt vo nhm 2. Chn lnh [menu] Data > Group And Outline> group.
Excel s lin kt ct /dng trong phm vi la chn vo nhm v xut
hin - Cc nt s th t bn tri ng vin dc ( hoc pha trn ng vin ngang) tng ng vi tng cp .
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- Nhng du chm (.) pha trn ( hoc bn tri ) ct /dng thc hin v mt nt du tr. Lu : * Phm vi la chn c th l nhng ct /dng trng. * Trong bc1 khi phm vi la chn khng phi l nhng ct /dng th Excel s hp i thi group .Chn columns( hoc Rows) v nt ok xc nh ct /dng thc hin Khi bn thc hin vic to nhm trn ct /dng c to nhm th excel s chuyn phm vi trn vo nhm cp thp.
2. T ng to nhm da vo ct /dng cha cng thc trong bng tnh

a. Di chuyn hin hnh vo bng tnh cha d liu cn thc hin ( cha cng thc) b. Chn lnh [Menu] Data > Group And Outline > Auto OutLine
3. Cch g b nhm trn bng tnh

Khi cn g b vic lin kt nhm trn bng tnh bn chn mt trong hai cch thc hin sau:
a. G b tng nhm
1. La chn nhng ct (hoc nhng dng cn g khi nhm).
Khi phm vi la chn khng phi l nhng ct dng th excel s hin hp i thoi Ungroup. Chn Columns (hoc Row)v nt OK xc nh ct dng thc hin.
2. chn lnh [Menu] Data > Group And Outline> Ungroup.
Excel s g b nhng dong ct trong phm vi la chn ra khi nhm. b. G b ton b nhm
1. La chn bng tnh c cha nhm cn g b. 2. chn lnh [Menu] Data > Group And Outline> Clear Outline.
Excel s g b ton b nhm c trong bng tnh.

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Lu : Tn ca vng tin phi l d liu dng chui (khng c dng s, cng thc to ...)
* Nn t tn ngn gn (kch thc ti a 255 k t).v ring
bit (khng trng lp).
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Tin hc vn phng
Chng 7: C s d liu ( DATABASE)

7.1 . Gii thiu chung
C s d liu l tp hp thng tin, d liu c t chc theo cu trc dng v ct c th lit k, truy tm, xo, rt trch nhng dng d liu tho mn mt tiu chun no nhanh chng. thc hin cc thao tc ny ta phi to ra cc vng Database, Criteria v Extract. Vng Database l vng c s d liu gm t nht hai dng. Dng u tin cha cc tiu ct, gi l tn vng tin ( Field Name ) ca CSDL. Tn cc vng tin phi l d liu kiu chui v khng c trng lp. Cc dng cn li la d liu, mi dng gi l mu tin CSDL (Record). Vng Criteria l vng tiu chun cha iu kin tm kim, xo, rt trch, ... Vng ny gm t nht hai dng. Dng u cha tiu , cc dng cn li cha iu kin . Vng Extract l vng trch d liu cha cc mu tin ca vng Database tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun. Vng Extract cng c dng u tin cha cc tiu mun trch rt. Ch cn vng ny trong trng hp thc hin thao tc rt trch, cn thao tc tm, kim, xo, ... khng cn n vng ny.
7.2. S dng hp i thoi Data Form

gip bn d dng qun l d liu trong danh sch, Excel cho php bn thm, bt v tm kim cc bn ghi bng cch s dng Form trong lnh n Data. Khi chn Form, mt hp thoi xut hin trnh by cc trng trong danh sch v mt s nt nhn lnh qun l danh sch. Tn ca WorkSheet hin hnh s xut hin trn thanh tiu ca hp hi thoi. Theo ngm nh bn ghi u tin trong danh sch s xut hin, v bn c th cun n cc bn ghi khc bng cch s dng thanh cun dc. Excel s thm cc bn ghi mi vo cui danh sch. hin th bn ghi trng, bn c th cun n cui danh sch ri nhp ln nt nhn New. Mc d bn c th thm cc bn ghi bng cch g trc tip vo WorkSheet, nhng s dng lnh Form s d dng hn, v trong mt s trng hp s nhanh hn. Mun s dng hp thoi Data Form, bn s tin hnh cc bc sau: t con tr nm trong phm vi vng Database. Thc hin lnh: Data/Form. Mt hp thoi xut hin. Trong hin ni dung CSDL theo tng mu tin. C th s dng cc phm sau:

: n mu tin trc/sau mu tin hin hnh. Enter : n mu tin sau mu tin hin hnh
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Tin hc vn phng

PageUP/PgDn : n mu tin u/cui Tab/Shift-Tab: di chuyn qua li gia cc khung d liu
Cng dng ca nhng nt trong hp thoi : New: nhp mu tin mi Delete: xo mu tin hin hnh Restore : khi phc d liu va nhp/xo Find Prev : n mu tin trc mu tin hin hnh Find Next: n mu tin sau mu tin hin hnh Criteria : nhp iu kin truy tm Close : ng ca s Data Form 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TT H tn Chc v 9 1 L Th Thu 840000 10 4 Nguyn Thi Ho 900000 y: vng A1:E6 l vng Database, vng G2:G4 l vng Criteria, vng A9:C10 l vng Extract. A TT 1 2 3 4 5 B H v tn L Th Thu Nguyn B Khnh Trn Tin Tng Nguyn Thi Ho L Th Mai Anh C Chc v TP NV NV G NV D S con 2 1 2 1 1 E Lng 840000 460000 360000 900000 500000 F G Chc v TP G
7.3. Cc dng vng tiu chun

a. Tiu chun s : iu kin c kiu s. V d: tiu chun S con bng 2 b. Tiu chun chui: iu kin c kiu chui. V d: tiu chun Chc v l "GD": trong iu kin c th cha k t i din ? hoc *. V d : tiu chun Tn bt u bng "H". c. Tiu chun so snh: iu kin cha ton t so snh km vi gi tr so snh. V d: tiu chun S con ln hn 2. d. Tiu chun cng thc: iu kin c kiu cng thc. Trong trng hp ny cn ch : - tiu ca vng tiu chun phi l mt tiu khc vi tt c cc tiu ca vng Database. - Trong iu kin phi ly a ch ca trong mu tin u tin so snh. V d: tiu chun k t u tin ca tn khc "H". Cng thc trong iu kin l: =LEFT(C2,1)<>"H". e. Lin kt tiu chun: C th tm, kim, xo hay rt trch cc mu tin trong vng Database bng cch giao (AND) hay hi (OR) ca nhiu iu kin khc nhau.
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Tin hc vn phng
- V d: S con bng 1 v Chc v l NV hay S con ln hn 2 v Chc v l GD.
7.4. Thao tc tm, kim, rt trch v xo (s dng AutoFilter v advanced Filter) 1. Tm kim: thao tc ny ch cn to trc vng Database v vng Criteria, khng cn
to vng Extract. - Di chuyn con tr vo vng Database. - Thc hin lnh : Data/Filter/Advanced Filter. Mt hp thoi xut hin - Chn: Filter the list, in place mc Action (hin th nhng mu tin tho mn iu kin ngay trn vng CSDL) - Xc nh a ch vng Database vo hp : List Range - Xc nh a ch vng Criteria vo hp: Criteria Range - G Enter hay chn OK, cc mu tin khng tho mn iu kin trong vng Criteria s b du i, ch trnh by cc mu tin tho mn iu kin. Ch : sau mun lit k li ton b ni dung cc mu tin CSDL, dng lnh: Data/Filter/Show All.
2. Rt trch
- Trong thao tc ny cn to trc vng Database, vng Criteria v vng Extract. - Di chuyn con tr vo vng Database - Thc hin lnh: Data/Filter/Advanced Filter. Hp thoi nh chc nng tm kim hin ra. - Chn Copy to Another Location mc Action. - Xc nh a ch vng Database vo hp List Range - Xc nh a ch vng Criteria vo hp: Criteria Range - Xc nh a ch cc tiu ca vng Extract vo hp: Copy to - G Enter hay chn OK, cc mu tin tho mn iu kin trong vng Criteria s c chp vo vng Extract
Nu chn Unique Records Only: cc mu tin ging nhau trong vng trch ch tn ti Nu khng chn Unique Records Only: trch y cc mu tin tho mn iu kin
mt mu tin
ca vng tiu chun. 3. Xo: thc hin cc bc nh thao tc tm kim - Sau khi trong vng CSDL lit k cc mu tin tho mn iu kin trong vng Criteria, chn cc dng ny v thc hin lnh Edit/Delete Row - Thc hin lnh Data/Filter/Show All trnh by tr li cc mu tin b du.
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Tin hc vn phng
7.5. Cc Hm c s d liu
Hm DSUM, DAVERAGE, DCOUNT, DCOUNTA, DMAX, DMIN.
+ Cng dng: = DSUM: Tnh tng s ca nhng mu tin tho iu kin trn ct khai thc trong CSDL.
=DAVERAGE: Tnh trung bnh cng ca nhng mu tin tho iu kin trn ct khai thc trong CSDL. = DCOUNT: m tng s nhng cha d liu s ca nhng mu tin tho iu kin trn ct khai thc trong CSDL. = DCOUNTA: m tng s nhng cha d liu ca nhng mu tin tho iu kin trn
ct khai thc trong CSDL. = DMAX: CSDL. = DMIN: CSDL. + C php: = DSUM (Vng CSDL, ct n, vng tiu chun). = DAVEGE(Vng CSDL, ct n, vng tiu chun) = DCOUNT (Vng CSDL, ct n, vng tiu chun). = DCOUNTA(Vng CSDL, ct n, vng tiu chun). = DMAX (Vng CSDL, ct n, vng tiu chun). = DMIN (Vng CSDL, ct n, vng tiu chun). Lu : * S ct khai thc phi l tr s ln hn hay bng 1, v khng c ln hn s ct c trong khi khai thc. * Xem cch khai bo phm vi v ghi iu kin trong chng CSDL. * Khi trong CSDL khng c tr tho iu kin th cc hm trn s cho tr 0. Kim tra d liu ngay khi nhp. Nu c nhiu ngi dng ng thi s dng mt danh sch, th bn c th kim tra thng tin c hc nhp vo xem c sai st g khng. s dng tnh nng kim tra d liu, hy lm nh sau:
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Tm tr s cao nht ca nhng mu tin tho iu kin trn ct khai thc trong
Tm tr s nh nht ca nhng mu tin tho iu kin trn ct khai thc trong
Tin hc vn phng
1. Chn cc trong ct mun bo v d liu theo kiu kim tra. Cc c th l cha d liu hay trng, l ni bn s thm mi cc bn ghi. 2. Chn Validation t lnh n Data, mt hp thoi xut hin v m khi settings ra. 3. Trong danh sch xung Allow, ch nh dng bn mun cho d liu s nhp vo. Cc tu chn ca bn c th l Any value, Whole Number, Date ... Khi chn xong danh sch xung Allow, mt s nhp khc s xut hin bn ch nh iu kin, chng hn nh cc s nh v s ln nht Excel c th chp nhn. 4. M khi Input Message ra ri chn Show Input Message When Cell is Selected chp nhn vo thng tin hng dn s xut hin khi c chn. 5. Trong mc Input Message, nhp vo cc thng tin hng dn nhp (bc ny l tu chn). 6. M khi Error Alert ra ri chn Show Error Alert After Invalid Data Is Entered Excel s thng bo li khi ngi dng nhp liu sai. 7. Trong danh sch xung Style, chn mt trong nhng tu chn sau: Stop ( ngng nhp liu), Warning ( nhc nh ngi dng nhng vn cho nhp liu) v Information thng bo cho ngi dng). 8. Trong mc Error Message, g vo ni dung nhp thng bo li khi d liu b nhp sai. 9. Chn OK hon tt hp hi thoi Data Validation. Nu bn chn la trong bc 7, bn c th nhn c thng bo li khi nhp d liu sai.
7.6. kt hp s liu trong bng tnh (Consolidate worksheet)

Cng dng: To mi quan h ni kt gia cc d liu dng s ca nhng bng tnh la chn vo trong mt bng tnh tng hp. Bn c th kt hp s liu ca cc bng tnh la chn trong cng 1 tp tin Workbook hoc ca nhng tp tin Workbook khc vi nhau. 1. c li tp tin Workbook cha nhng bng tnh cn kt hp v hin th cc ca s bng tnh trn cng mt mn hnh( d dng xc nh phm vi cn thch hp). 2. La chn bng tnh v phm vi dng cha nhng d liu kt hp (ch cn chn to u trong mt bng tnh bt k). 3. Chn lnh [Menu] Data > Consolidate. Xut hin hp i thoi Consolidate. 4. La chn phm vi cha d liu trong bng tnh cn kt hp:
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Tin hc vn phng
Chn mt trong hai cch thc hin sau: * Di chuyn vo bng tnh cn thc hin v Drag trn phm vi la chn. * Nhp to trn khung Reference (xem dng thc trn phn lu ). 5. Chn nt Add. Xut hin phm vi va khai bo trong khung All References. 6. Lp li cc bc 4,5 cho nhng bng tnh cn kt hp khc. 7. Chn nhng thng s trn khung Use Labels In: * Left Column: Khi cn dng ct d liu u tin bn tri nhng ct s liu trong phm vi la chn lm ct tiu . * Top Row: Khi cn dng dng d liu u tin pha trn nhng dong s liu trong phm vi la chn lm ct tiu . 8. Thay i loi hm cn tnh ton trong vic kt hp trn khung Function khi cn thit (nh dng mc nhin ca Excel l hm Sum). 9. Chn nt OK. Excel s gi kt xut vo phm vi la chn trong bc 2. Lu : * Phm vi vng cha d liu cn kt hp c th l: - Nhng vng khc nhau trong cng mt bng tnh. - Gia nhng bng tnh trong cng tp tin Workbook. - Gia nhng tp tin Workbook ang hin th trn mn hnh hoc trong a. * C th kt hp ti a 255 khu vc. * Vng cha d liu cn kt hp c th cha ct dng tiu hoc khng. * Nhp phm vi vng cha d liu kt hp trn khung Reference: - Tn hoc to ca vng: khi thc hin vic kt hp trong cng mt bng tnh. - Tn bng tnh! Tn hoc to ca vng: khi thc hin vic kt hp gia cc bng tnh trong cng mt tp tin Workbook. - [Tn tp tin]tn bng tnh tn hoc to ca vng khi thc hin vic kt hp gia cc tp tin trong th mc.
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Tin hc vn phng
- Tn ng dn [Tn tp tin] tn bng tnh hoc to ca vng khi thc hin vic kt hp gia cc tp tin Workbook khc th mc. * Ch c d liu loi gi tr mi c tng hp (chui dng thc khng c gi tr thc hin). * C 11 hm tng thch vi tnh nng ny l : Sum; Average; Count; Max; Min... * Chn nt Browse khi cn la chn cc tp tin Workbook cha bng tnh cn kt hp khc tr a. * Bn c th s dng cc k t i din (*,?) trong phn tn tp tin khi khai bo trn khung Reference. * Chn thng s Create Links to Source Data khi cn to thm s lin kt vi nhng d liu ngun trn cc bng tnh.
7.6. Sp xp v tnh tng cc nhm s liu

Thc hin vic thng k, tnh ton mi nhm d liu trn nhng ct la chn trong phm vi vng CSDL. Excel s t ng phn tch cc nhm d liu ng thi chn vo cui mi nhm nhng dng thng k tnh ton v mt dng tng kt cui phm vi vng CSDL.
Cc bc thc hin:
Sp xp li phm vi vng CSDL theo th t ca vng tin cn thc hin vic thng k hay tnh ton. + Di chuyn hin hnh vo vng tin cn sp xp. + Chn nt trn Standard Toolbar. 1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo trong phm vi vng CSDL. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] Data > Subtotals. Xut hin hp i thoi Subtotals. 3. La chn vng tin cha d liu cn phn tch theo nhm trn khung At Each Change in: + Click vo Menu drop-down. + Click vo tn vng tin la chn. 4. La chn hm s dng trong vic thng k hay tnh ton trn khung Use Function: + Click vo Menu drop-down. + Click vo hm la chn. 5. La chn nhng vng tin cha d liu cn thc hin vic thng k hay tnh ton trn khung Add Subtotal to: + Click vo Menu drop-down.
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Tin hc vn phng
+ Click vo nhng tn vng tin la chn. 6. La chn nhng thng s khc trong hp i thoi khi cn thit. 7. Chn nt OK. Lu :
Khi cn hu b vic thng k tnh ton va thc hin bn chn lnh [Menu] Edit Cc la chn khc trong hp i thoi Subtotals: Replace Current Subtotals: bt tt vic thay th cho phm vi d liu hin hnh. Page Break Between Groups: Bt tt vic t ng to du ngt trang gia cc
> Undo Subtotals (hoc chn li lnh [Menu] Data Subtotals v chn nt Remove All).
nhm d liu.
Summary Below Data: bt tt vic t ng to cc dng thng k tnh ton pha di cc nhm d liu. 7.7. Tnh nng Pivot table
CSDL l mt tp hp ca nhng mu tin CSDL c trnh by theo cu trc ct/dng (mi vng tin tng ng vi mt ct v mi mu tin tng ng vi 1 dng ca bng tnh). Tuy nhin vi cu trc ny, bn s gp kh khn khi cn phn tch hay tng hp d liu theo tng mc. Nay vi tnh nng Pivot Table ca Excel, bn c th d dng sp xp v trnh by nhng vng tin trong CSDL, c th nhanh chng phn tch hay thng k d liu theo nhiu hng khc nhau. * Mi Pivot Table gm c bn thnh phn nh sau: - Page: - Row: hin th mt mc tin trong vng tin la chn lm mc chnh cho Pivot Table ( c th c hoc khng). hin th nhng mc tin trong vng tin la chn nh nhng dng tiu (c th c hoc khng). - Column: hin th nhng mc tin trong vng tin la chn nh nhng ct tiu (c th c hoc khng). - Data : vng d liu cn tnh ton hay thng k tng ng vi ct/dng tiu (bt buc phi c).
7.1. To Pivot Table

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Tin hc vn phng
to mt Pivot Table trn bng tnh, bn phi thc hin tng bc theo s hng dn ca tnh nng Pivot Table Wizard nh sau: Bc 1:Xc nh loi d liu ca CSDL cn thc hin Bc 2:La chn phm vi vng cha CSDL trn bng tnh Bc 3:To cu trc cho Pivot Table Bc 4:Khai bo v tr ca Pivot Table trn bng tnh v n nh nhng thng s cho Pivot Table . * Cc bc thc hin : 1. Chn lnh [Menu] Data > Pivot Table Xut hin hp i thoi Pivot Table Wizard Step 1 of 4: 2. Xc nh loi d liu to Pivot Table : + Click vo mt trong nhng thng s sau: Microsoft Excel List or Database: CSDL (hoc danh sch hay bng k c dng u cha tiu ct). External Data Source: s dng CSDL ca nhng chng trnh khc hay trong tnh nng Microsoft Query. Multiple Consolidation Ranges: t nhiu vng CSDL kt hp li. Another Pivot Table : t Pivot Table khc. + Chn nt Next >. Xut hin hp i thoi Pivot Table Wizard step 2 of 4 3. La chn phm vi vng cha CSDL trn bng tnh: + Drag trn phm vi vng CSDL (hoc nhp to ca phm vi trn khung Range) Excel xut hin ng vin chuyn ng xoay quanh khi la chn . + Chn nt Next > Xut hin hp i thoi Pivot Table Wizard step 3 of 4 4. To cu trc cho Pivot Table : + Drag cc nt tn vng tin (bn tri ca hp i thoi vo trong nhng thnh phn ca Pivot Table . + Chn nt Next >. Xut hin hp i thoi Pivot Table Wizard step 4 of 4 5. Khai bo v tr ca Pivot Table trn bng tnh v n nh nhng thng s cho Pivot Table :
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Tin hc vn phng
+ Khai bo v tr ca Pivot Table trn bng tnh: Click vo mt trng trn bng tnh (hoc nhp to trn khung Pivot Table Starting Cell. + t tn cho Pivot Table trn khung Pivot Table Name + La chn (bt/tt) cc thng s cho Pivot Table : - Grand Totals For Columns: hin th dng tng cng ca cc d liu pha di bng. - Grand Totals For Rows: hin th ct tng cng ca cc d liu bn phi bng. - Save Data With Table Layout: lu d liu vi nhng nh dng ca bng. - AutoFormat Table: s dng vi tnh nng AutoFormat. + Chn nt Finish. Excel s to mt Pivot Table trn phm vi n nh. Lu : Trong bc 3, khi hin hnh ang nm trong vng CSDL th Excel s t ng la chn phm vi ca vng trn . Trong bc 5, nu bn khng khai bo phm vi cha Pivot Table th Excel s t ng chn mt bng tnh mi bn tri bng tnh hin hnh ) cha Pivot Table. Khi hin hnh ang trong mt Pivot Table m chn lnh [Menu] Data > Pivot Table th Excel chuyn thng vo hp i thoi Pivot Table step 3 of 4
7.2. Khai thc v chnh sa Pivot Table

1. Di chuyn hin hnh vo trong Pivot Table cn thc hin. 2. Chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau: * Chn lnh [Menu] Data > Pivot Table ( Excel chuyn thng vo hp i thoi Pivot Table Wizard step 3 of 4), sau thc hin tip vic chnh sa hoc khai bo thng s trn nhng hp i thoi. * Double Click trn nhng tn vng tin (Excel s xut hp i thoi Pivot Table Field), sau la chn nhng thng s cn thc hin trong hp i thoi. * Drag trc tip tn cc vng tin n cc phm vi khc ca Pivot Table khi cn thay i cu trc ca Pivot Table . * Double Click trn nhng mc tin, Excel s t ng sao chp d liu lin quan n vng tin v mu tin ca hin hnh vo trong bng tnh mi pha trc bng tnh cha Pivot Table.
7.3. Lm vic vi nhng vng tin trong Pivot Table

1. Chn mt trong hai cch thc hin sau:
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Tin hc vn phng
* Di chuyn hin hnh vo tn vng cn thc hin trong Pivot Table v chn lnh [Menu] Data > Pivot Table Field. * Double Click trn tn vng tin cn thc hin Excel xut hin hp thoi Pivot Table Field 2. La chn nhng thng s cn thc hin * Nhp tn vng tin cn thay i trn khung Name * Thay i thnh phn ca vng tin trn Pivot Table : - Click vo cc nt: Row, Column, Page trn khung Orientation. * La chn vic thng k, tnh ton ca vng tin trn khung Subtotals * Chn nt Delete xo vng tin trn Pivot Table * Bt/tt vic hin th cc mc tin c trong vng tin trn khung Hide Items 3. Chn nt OK V d v to Pivot Table
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Tin hc vn phng
Mont h
Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar
Region
North North North South South South West West West North North North South South South West West West North North North South South South West
Category
Hardware Software Other Hardware Software Other Hardware Software Other Hardware Software Other Hardware Software Other Hardware Software Other Hardware Software Other Hardware Software Other Hardware
Amount 1 /
18500 975 530 21554 1125 850 29750 1290 1500 15350 500 1100 15690 1800 1400 15400 900 150 23500 1190 1356 22500 2500 590 18650 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 /
Di chuyn hin hnh vo bt k Trong phm vi: A1:D28 Chn lnh [Menu] Data>Pivot Table Chn nt Next trn HT Pivot Table Wizard Step 1 of 4 Chn nt Next trn HT Pivot Table Wizard Step 2 of 4 Khai bo cu trc cho Pivot Table : - Drag vng tin Month vo khung Page - Drag vng tin Categary vo khung Row - Drag vng tin Region vo khung Column - Drag vng tin Amount vo khung Data
6 /
- Chn nt Next - Chn nt Finish
Mar Mar
West West
Software Other
1050 275
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Tin hc vn phng
Month
Jan
Sum of Amount Category Hardware Other Software Grand Total
Region North 18500 530 975 20005 South 21554 850 1125 23529 West 29750 1500 1290 32540 Grand Total 69804 2880 3990 76074
Region
(All)
Sum of Amount Category Hardware Other Software Grand Total
Month North 69804 2880 3390 76074 South 46440 2650 3200 52290 West 64650 2221 4740 71611 Grand Total 180894 7751 11330 199975
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Tin hc vn phng
Region
(All)
Sum of Amount Month Jan Feb Mar Grand Total

Category Month
Category Hardware 69804 46440 64650 180894

(All) Jan
Amount Other 2880 2650 2221 7751 Software 3390 3200 4740 71611 Grand Total 76074 52290 71611 199975
Sum of Amount Total
Region North 20005 South 23529 West 32540 Grand Total 76074
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Tin hc vn phng
Chng 8: Mt s bi tp ng dng in n
8.1. In ton b d liu trn bng tnh hin hnh
in nhanh ton b d liu c trn bng tnh hin hnh ra my in (vi nhng thng s mc nhin ca Excel), bn chn mt trong hng cch sau:
1. S dng nt Print, Print Preview trn Standard Toolbar

1. To mi (hoc c li) tp tin ch d liu cn in vo mn hnh bng tnh hin hnh. 2. Chn mt trong hai nt sau: * Print Preview: xem trang in trn mn hnh. *Print : in bng tnh hin hnh. 2. S dng lnh Print trn Menu 1. To mi (hoc c li) tp tin ch d liu cn in vo mn hnh bng tnh hin hnh. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] File > Print. mc sau.) 4. Chn nt OK. Excel xut hin thng bo v tnh trng in hin hnh, v t ng chuyn ton b d liu c trong bng tnh ra my in. Lu : * hu b vic in ang thc hin, bn cn nhn phm Esc (hoc nt Cancel). * Khi s dng nt Print, bn khng th la chn cc thng s in cn thit. Xut hin hp i thoi Print. 3. La chn v thay cc thng s khi cn thit (xem phn hng dn chi tit nhng
8.2. La chn phm vi khi in

Trong Excel, bn c th n nh phm vi khi d liu cn in. phm vi la chn c th l: * Mt hoc nhng khi d liu trong bng tnh hin hnh. * Mt hoc nhng trang in trong bng tnh hin hnh. * Mt s nhng bng tnh trong Workbook. 1. In mt khi hoc nhng khi d liu trong bng tnh hin hnh - La chn phm vi khi (hoc nhng khi) d liu cn in. - Chn lnh [Menu] File > Print (hoc nhn phm CTRL-P). Xut hin hp i thoi Print. - Chn thng s (o) Selection trn khung Print What. - Chn nt OK.
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Tin hc vn phng
Lu : * Khi la chn phm vi khi in khng lin lc vi nhau th Excel s in mi khi trn nhng trang in ring bit (theo th t c la chn). 2. La chn mt hoc nhng trang in trong bng tnh hin hnh - Chn lnh [Menu] File > Print (hoc nhn phm CTRL-P). Xut hin hp i thoi Print. - Chn thng s (o) Selection trn khung Print What. - Chn thng s (o) Page (s) trn khung Page Range. - Nhp s trang bt u (hoc dng cc nt tng .gim tr s)trn khung Form, nhp s trang kt thc (hoc dng cc nt tng. gim tr s) trn khung To. - Chn nt OK. Lu : *Bn nn chn nt Print Preview xem trang in trn mn hnh trc v sau khi thc hin bc 5 kim sot s trang cn in. 3. La chn mt s bng tnh cn in trong tp tin Workbook - La chn nhng bng tnh cn in. - Chn lnh [Menu] File > Print (hoc nhn phm CTRL-P). Xut hin hp i thoi Print. - Chn thng s (o) Selected sheet (s) trn khung Print What. - Chn nt OK. Lu : *Bn nn chn nt Print Preview xem trang in trn mn hnh trc v sau khi thc hin bc 4 kim sot vic in. 4. In ton b nhng bng tnh c cha d liu trong tp tin Workbook - Chn lnh [Menu] File > Print (hoc nhn phm CTRL-P). Xut hin hp i thoi Print. - Chn thng s: Entire workbook trn khung Print What. - Chn nt OK. Lu : * Ch c nhng bng tnh cha d liu mi c in. * Mi bng tnh s c in trn nhng trang ring bit.
8.3. Lm vic vi mn hnh trang in

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Tin hc vn phng
Trc khi thc hin vic in d liu trong bng tnh hin hnh ra giy, bn nn kim tra li ni dung v hnh thc ca d liu trn mn hnh trang in d trnh nhng sai st. Trong mn hnh trang in, bn c th: * Phng to/thu nh t l hin th trang in. * iu chnh kch thc cc l tri, phi, trn, di ca trang in v ca vng HEADER/FOOTER. * Thay i rng ca cc ct. 1. Hin th mn hnh trang in 1. To mi (hoc c li) tp tin workbook cha d liu cn in vo mn hnh bng tnh hin hnh. 2. Chn mt trong nhng cch thc hin sau: * Chn nt Print Preview trn Standard Toolbar. * Chn lnh [Menu] File > Print Preview . * Chn nt Print Preview trong nhng hp i thoi: Print hoc Page Setup. Xut hin mn hnh hin th ton b trang in hin hnh. Lu : * Bn cn phng to/thu nh mn hnh trang in, bn chn nt Zoom hoc di chuyn con tr Mouse (c hnh knh lp )vo v tr cn hin th v Click Mouse. 2. Gii thiu cc nt lnh trong mn hnh trang in + Next: hin th nhng trang in (nu c). + Previous: hin th nhng trang in trc (nu c). + Zoom: phng to/thu nh t l ca mn hnh trang in. + Print: Thc hin lnh in, chuyn vo hp i thoi Prin. + Setup: Chuyn vo hp i thoi Page setup. + Margins: iu chnh cc l v rng ct. + Close: ng mn hnh trang in v tr v bng tnh(khng thc hin lnh in).
+ Help: xem gip v cc nt lnh trong mn hnh trang in. Lu : * Khi khng c nhng trang in k tip hoc trc th nhng nt lnh next, Previous s b m. * Nhn phm Enter (hoc nhn phm mi tn xung) thay cho phm Next.
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Tin hc vn phng
* Nhn phm mi tn ln thay cho phm Previous. * Nhn phm Home/End hin th trang in u/cui. 3. iu chnh kch thc ca cc l trang in, vng Header/Footer v rng ct trn mn hnh trng in 1. Chn nt Margins (trong mn hnh trang in). Excel xut hin cc mc vung cc l tri, phi trn, di ca trang in, vng Header/Footer v hai bn ct d liu. 2. Drag trn nhng mc vung ca l hoc ct cn iu chnh kch thc. Trn dng cui ca mn hnh trang in s xut hin kch c hin hnh mi khi Drag trn nhng mc vung. excel s t ng iu chnh l v rng ct trn trang in v trong bng tnh theo kch thc mi.
8.4. La chn/ thay i cc dng thc ca trang in
1. Thay i cc dng thc ca trang in. 1. Chn lnh [Menu] File > Page Setup (hoc chn nt Setup trong hp i thoi Print). Xut hin hp i thoi Page Setup. 2. La chn v n nh cc thng s cn thc hin trn cc Tab Page Tab: + Orientation: thay i chiu in. - Portrait: in theo chiu di ca trang giy. - Landscape: in theo chiu ngang ca trang giy. + Scaling: thay i t l kch c d liu trong trang in. T l mc nhin l 100% (c gi tr thay i t 10 n 400%). + Paper: thay i kch c trang in. + Print Quality: thay i cht lng (s chm im trn mt inch). + First Page Number: n nh s trang in bt u. Margins Tab:
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Tin hc vn phng
+ Top/Bottom/Left/Right: thay i khong cch gia cc l ca trang giy v vng Header/Footer. + Center on Page: canh d liu theo: - Horizontally: chiu ngang trang in. - Vertically: chiu dc trang in.
Header/Footer Tab: Tiu u v cui trang in (xem phn chi tit trn mc
Header/Footer). Sheet Tab: 3. Chn nt: * OK: chm dt vic khai bo, la chn nhng thng s cn thc hin v ng hp i thoi Page setup. * Cancel: hu b lnh v ng hp thoi Page setup. *Print Preview: xem trang in trn mn hnh. 2. In tiu du (Header), tiu ca (Footer) trn trang in Dng in nhng dng d liu trn u v cui ca cc trang in. a. To tiu u, cui trn trang in 1. Chn lnh [Menu] File > Page Setup, chn Tab Header/Footer. Xut hin hp i thoi Page Setup. 2. Chn: * Nhng tiu sn c trn khung Header hoc Footer (Click vo drop down, sau click trn tiu la chn).. Xut hin hp i thoi Header hoc Footer. 3. Di chuyn vo cc khung d liu cn nhp (tri, gia, phi) tng ng vi nhng v tr trn trang in. 4. Chn: * Nhp/chnh sa ni dung d liu. * Nhp/ xo cc m cn thc hin (chn cc nt hnh tng trong hp i thoi hoc nhp trc tip cc m t bn phm ). 5. Chn nt OK (ng hp i thoi Header hoc Footer).
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Tin hc vn phng
6. Chn nt OK (ng hp i thoi Page setup). b. n nh nhng ct/dng tiu d liu ca bng tnh trn cc trang in Dng trong trng hp bng tnh c nhiu trang in v cn phi xut hin li nhng ct/dng tiu pha trn hoc bn phi ca khi in. * Cc bc thc hin: 1. Chn lnh [Menu] File > Page Setup (hoc chn nt setup trong hp i thoi Print). Xut hin hp i thoi Page setup. 2. Chn Sheet Tab. 3. Chn: * Row to Repeat at Top: la chn dng lm tiu pha trn khi in (nhp phm vi ca khi th t ca dng trn khung hoc Drag trn nhng dng la chn trong bng tnh hin hnh).. * Columns to Repeat at Left: la chn ct lm tiu bn tri khi in (nhp phm vi theo k hiu ca ct trn khung hoc Drag trn nhng ct la chn trong bng tnh hin hnh). 4. Chn nt OK. Lu : * Phm vi dng lm nhng ct/dng tiu bt buc phi lin lc. * hu b phm vi dng lm ct/dng tiu bn ch cn xo to hin th trn khung Print Titles. 3. n nh/hu b vic phn trang trn bng tnh Trong Excel vic phn trang c thc hin t ng da vo kch thc ca trang in. Tuy nhin bn c th n nh vic phn trang nhng v tr cn thit trn bng tnh theo chiu ngang, chiu dc hoc c hai. a. Thc hin vic phn trang v tr ch nh trong bng tnh 1. Chn v tr cn thc hin nh sau: * Dng pha di ca v tr cn phn trang theo chiu ngang.
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Tin hc vn phng
* Ct bn phi ca v tr cn phn trang theo chiu dc. * Dng pha di v ct bn phi ca v tr cn phn trang theo chiu ngang v chiu dc. 2. Chn lnh [Menu] insert > Page Break. Ti v tr vo lnh xut hin cc ng phn trang. b. Hu b vic phn trang trn bng tnh 1. La chn ton b bng tnh hoc di chuyn hin hnh vo pha di hay bn phi ca ngt trang cn hu b.
3. Chn lnh [Menu] Insert > Remove Page Break.
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Giao Trinh Excel

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Giao Trinh Excel

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Tin hc vn phng

Bin son: Khoa Cng ngh thng tin

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin

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CHNG III: THAY I VA TRANG TRI DANG THC

CHNG 4: S DUNG HAM (FUNCTION)

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CHNG V: LAM VIC VI CAC BANG TINH TRONG TP TIN WORKBOOK

Kt ni cc bng tnh v tp bng tnh

Chng 7: C s d liu ( DATABASE)

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Phn II. Microsoft Excel

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CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V MICROSOFT EXCEL

Programs ri nhp ln biu tng chng trnh

Run Browse Program Files chn biu tng

1.1.2. Thot khi Excel

1.1.3. Gii thiu mn hnh giao din ca Excel (Excel 2003)

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Phm PgDn PgUp Alt+PgUp Alt+PgDn Ctrl+Home

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d-mmm-yy d-mmm mmm-yy m/d/y h: mm h: mm AM/PM h:mm:ss AM/PM h: mm H: mm: ss Lu :

1-Jan-94 1-Jan Jan-94 1/1/94 13:00 1: 00 PM 1: 00: 00 PM 13: 00 13: 00:01

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V d: A1 $A$1 A$1 $A1 A1

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CHNG II: CAC THAO TAC VI TP BANG TINH

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1. in d liu c cng ni dung vo trong phm vi la chn

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CHNG III: THAY I VA TRANG TRI DANG THC

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3. Chn nhm Tab cn thc hin.

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Excel s t ng t tn m rng cho loi tp tin Template l XLT.

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CHNG 4: S DUNG HAM (FUNCTION)

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b. La chn trong bng lit k tn hm

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#VALUE ! #REF! ######

4.3. Mt s hm c bn 4.3.1. Hm thi gian v mt s hm n gin thng dng

4.3.1.1. Hm thi gian

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7. Cc hm HOUR(), MINUTE() v SECOND()

2.00$ =D8D9 Ti a c 3 500 loi Ti M+La Ti Mocha =D12D1 3