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B GIO DC & O TO
-----------------------
CHNH THC
( thi c 06 trang)
HNG DN GII PHN TCH
THI TUYN SINH I HC NM 2011
Mn: HA HC Khi B
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht, khng k thi gian pht
M 517
H v tn th sinh: .
S bo danh:

Cho bit nguyn t khi o ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn =
55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108; Ba = 137, Sn = 119; Mn = 55

Cu 1: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H
+
, z mol Al
3+
, t mol
3
NO

v 0,02 mol
2
4
SO

. Cho 120 ml dung dch Y
gm KOH 1,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 3,732 gam kt a. Gi tr
ca z, t ln lt l:
A. 0,020 v 0,012 B. 0,020 v 0,120 C. 0,012 v 0,096 D. 0,120 v 0,020
Hng dn:
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch ta c : 0,1 + 3z = t + 0,04
2 2
4
0, 012 mol <n
Ba SO
n
+
=

= 0,02
2 2
4 4
Ba SO BaSO
+
+
=>
4
BaSO
n

= 0,012 mol =>
4
BaSO
m

= 2,796 gam < 3,732 gam
=>
3
( ) Al OH
m = 3,732 - 2,796 = 0,936 gam =>
3
( ) Al OH
n = 0,012 mol.
Theo bi ta c
OH
n

=0,168
2
H OH H O
+
+
+
OH
n

dng trung ha H
+
= 0,1
3
3
3 ( ) Al OH Al OH
+
+
=>
OH
n

dng phn ng vi Al
3+
= 0,168 0,1 = 0,068 > 0,012.3=0,036 mol mol OH
-
trong kt ta
Vy khi c thm phn ng:
3
2 2
4 2 OH Al AlO H O
+
+ +
=> s mol OH
-
tham gia phn ng to ra
2
AlO

l: 0,068 0,012.3 = 0,032.

Vy
3
3
2
( ) Al OH
Al AlO
n n n
+
= + =

0,012 + (0,032 : 4) = 0,02 mol = z => t = 0,12 mol

Vy => p n l B: z = 0,02 mol v t = 0,12 mol
* Nhn xt:
- y l mt bi tp kh hay, n i hi cc em hc sinh phi c nhiu s vn dng kin thc: nh lut bo tn
in tch, tnh cht ha hc ca nhm hidroxit v kh nng gii bi ton qu phng trnh ion thu gn.
Cu 2: Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l:
A. Na, K, Ba B. Mg, Ca, Ba C. Na, K , Ca D. Li , Na, Mg
Hng dn:
y l mt cu hi kh n gin, nhng li khin cho nhiu em hc sinh bi di v cc em t ti iu ny.
iu ny c nhc trong bi v kim loi kim v kim th (yu cu cc em xem li sch gio khoa)
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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+ Lp phng tm khi: l cu trc lp phng vi 8 nguyn t cc nh hnh lp phng v 1 nguyn t
tm ca hnh lp phng. Cu trc ny cha 2 nguyn t trong mt nguyn t v cu trc lp phng tm
khi c h s xp cht 68%.
Cu 3: Cho dy cc oxi sau: SO
2
, NO
2
, NO, SO
3
, CrO
3
, P
2
O
5
, CO, N
2
O
5
, N
2
O. S oxit trong dy tc dng c
vi H
2
O iu kin thng l:
A. 5 B. 6 C. 8 D. 7
Hng dn
SO
2
+ H
2
O => H
2
SO
3
3NO
2
+ H
2
O => 2HNO
3
+ NO
SO
3
+ H
2
O => H
2
SO
4
CrO
3
+ H
2
O =>
2 4
2 2 7
(nhieu nuoc)
H CrO
H Cr O

P
2
O
5
+ H
2
O => H
3
PO
4
N
2
O
5
+ H
2
O => 2HNO
3
* Nhn xt:
y l mt cu hi mc TB, nhng li bao trm rng v mt kin thc t lp 10 (S) ti 11 (N, P) v ti
lp 12 (Cr) v nhiu em hc sinh li khng v mt tnh cht ha hc ca CrO
3
nn s chn phng n l 5.
Bi ny ngoi vic hi s cht tc dng vi nc, ta c th thay n bng vic tc dng vi dung dch kim
Cu 4: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol
hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO
2
v 1,8x mol H
2
O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l:
A. 20% B. 50% C. 40% D. 30%
Hng dn:
S nguyn t C = 3x : x = 3 => Ankin l C
3
H
4

S H trung bnh = 1,8x.2 : x = 3,6 => Anehit c s H nh hn 3,6 v v s nguyn t H trong anehit phi
chn nn suy ra anehit co 2H. Vy anehit c CTPT l C
3
H
2
O (CH C CHO)
p dng s dng cho ta c
C C C
C C CHO
4 H
2 H
3,6
0,4
1,6
a mol
b mol
a = 4b

Vy % s mol ca andehit trong hn hp M l: 20%
* Nhn xt:
y l mt bi tp c t duy v kh nng phn tch kh hay, nhiu em hc sinh khi c ny s thy lung
cung v khng bit phng php gii n. Nhng ta cn phi ch mt vi im
+ Bi ton cho ta hn hp th vic xc nh cng thc ca chng thng da theo phng php trung
bnh v c kt hp thm phng php ng cho na.
+ Lun nh v hai cng thc: S nguyn t C trung bnh
2
CO
hh
n
n
= ; s nguyn t H trung bnh
2
2.
H O
hh
n
n
=
Cu 5: Cho phn ng : C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ KMnO
4
C
6
H
5
-COOK + K
2
CO
3
+ MnO
2
+ KOH + H
2
O
Tng h s (nguyn, ti gin) tt c cc cht trong phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng trn l:
A. 27 B. 31 C. 24 D. 34
Hng dn:
1 2 3 4
2
6 5 2 6 5 3
7 4
10
3
C H C H C H e C H COOH CO
Mn e Mn
+ +

+ +
= +
+

3 C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ 10 KMnO
4
3C
6
H
5
-COOK + 3K
2
CO
3
+ 10 MnO
2
+ KOH + 4H
2
O
* Nhn xt:
TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI
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i vi qu trnh cn bng 1 phng trnh phn ng ha hc hu c th i a s trong qu trnh gp
phi cc em hc sinh u cm thy lng tng v cc em khng c nhiu gio vin hng dn cch lm v
cch xc nh.
i vi dng bi ny, chng ta phi xc nh c s chuyn i s oxi ha ca nguyn t C trong
phn t n chuyn v dng no, thay i s oxi ha nh th no?
Mun xc nh c s oxi ha ca nguyn t C, chng ta phi da vo cng thc cu to xc nh
- Gia C C th ta khng c s thay i
- Gia C X th ty vo m in ca X m C c th mang s oxi ha dng hoc m
Cu 6: Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl
3
x mol/lt v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
y mol/lt tc dng vi 612 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho 400 ml E tc dng vi
dung dch BaCl
2
(d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l
A. 4 : 3 B. 3 : 4 C. 7 : 4 D. 3 : 2
Hng dn:
S mol Al
3+
= 0,4x +0,8y;
2
4
SO
n
= 1,2
y mol
S mol BaSO
4

= 0,144 mol =
2
4
SO
n


= 1,2y => y= 0,12

OH
n


= 0,612 mol;
3
( ) Al OH
n
= 0,108 mol =>
OH
n

trong kt ta = 0,324 < 0,612
=> s mol OH
-
trong Al(OH)
4
-
= 0,288 mol => 0,4x +0,8y=0,108 + (0,288:4)
Vy => x = 0,21 => x : y = 7 : 4
* Nhn xt:
y l mt bi tp mc TBK, hc sinh ch cn ch v qu trnh phn ng ca cc cht v do y l bi
ton hn hp nn phng php gii l p dng phng trnh ion thu gn
Cu 7: Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit
(c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)
2
, to phc mu xanh lam.
(d) Khi thy phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu c mt loi
monosaccarit duy nht.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thu c Ag.
(g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H
2
(xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 6 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Hng dn:
+ Sobiton l cht c hnh thnh t Glu v Fru khi cho chng tc dng vi H
2

+ Saccaroz l mt loi disaccarit c to nn bi 1 gc Glucozo v 1 gc fructozo
+ Tinh bt l mt polisacarit cacbohidrat cha hn hp amilozo v amilopectin, t l phn trm amilozo v
amilopectin thay i ty thuc vo tng loi tinh bt, t l ny thng t 20:80 n 30:70. Tinh bt c ngun
gc t cc loi cy khc nhau c tnh cht vt l v thnh phn ha hc khc nhau. Chng u l cc polimer
cacbohidrat phc tp ca Glucozo
+ Xenluloz l mt loi polisacarit c hnh thnh b cc gc Glucozo => to nn hp cht c cha 3
nhm OH t do => CTCT l: (C
6
H
7
O
2
[OH]
3
)
n

Cu 8: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau khi phn ng kt thc th
lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu
to ca X tha mn cc tnh cht trn l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 2
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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Hng dn
Theo bi ta c n
NaOH
= 0,3 mol
n
NaOH
: n
Este
= 2 : 1 => l este to bi axit v phenol (v cho X l n chc)
RCOOR` + 2NaOH => RCOONa + R`ONa + H
2
O
0,15 0,3 0,15
m
Este
=29,7 + 0,15.18 12 = 20,4 gam => KLPT ca este l 136 => CTPT C
8
H
8
O
2

Cc ng phn ca E: C-COO-C
6
H
5
; HCOOC
6
H
4
CH
3
(c 3 ng phn o, p, m).
Tng cng c 4 p.
Cu 9: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
B. Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
C. Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
D. Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr.
Hng dn:
Cu hi ny nm gn nh trng trong bi v hp cht lin kt ion v lin kt cng ha tr thuc chng trnh
ha hc 10
+ th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th ion. Trong mng tinh th NaCl, Na
+
v Cl
-
c phn b lun
phin u n trn cc nh ca cc hnh lp phng nh. Xung quanh mi ion u c mt ca 6 ion ngc du
gn nht
+ Tnh cht chung ca hp cht ion: Rt bn vng v lc ht tnh in gia cc ion ngc du trong tinh th ion
rt ln. Cc hp cht ion u kh rn, kh nng chy, chng ta nhiu trong nc v khi ha tan trong nc,
chng dn din, cn trng thi rn th chng khng dn in.
+ Tnh cht ca cc cht c lin kt cng ha tr: chng c th tn ti trng thi rn, lng hoc kh. Chng
khng dn in mi trng thi
+ Trong tinh th phn t: chng c cu to t nhng phn t c sp xp mt cch u n, theo mt trt t
xc nh trong khng gian v chng lin kt vi nhau bi lc tng tc yu gia cc phn t cc nt mng.
Trong cc tinh th phn t, cc phn t vn tn ti nh nhng n v c lp v ht vi nhau bng lc tng
tc yu => chng d nng chy, d bay hi
+ Trong tinh th nguyn t: chng c cu to t nhng nguyn t c sp xp mt cch u n theo mt
trt t nht dnh trong khng gian => to nn mng tinh th v nhng im nt ca mng tinh th l nhng
nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ha tr. Do lc lin kt cng ha tr trong tinh th nguyn t ln
=> tinh th nguyn t kh bn vng, rt cng, nhit nng chy v nhit si kh cao
Cu 10: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Na
2
CO
3
l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thy tinh.
B. nhit thng, tt c kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc.
C. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al
2
O
3
bn vng bo v
D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim dn
Hng dn:
+ Nguyn liu chnh sn xut thy tinh l: Ct thnh anh (ct trng SiO
2
), vi v soa (Na
2
CO
3
)
+ trong iu kin thng ch c cc kim loi Ba, Ca v Sr l c kh nng tc dng c vi nc cn Be
khng tc dng vi H
2
O d nhit cao, Mg tc dng chm vi H
2
O nhit thng to ra Mg(OH)
2
, tc
dng nhanh vi hi nc nhit cao to thnh MgO
Cu 11: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Khi t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X bt k, nu thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O th X l
anken.
(b) Trong thnh phn hp cht hu c nht thit phi c cacbon.
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(c) Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr.
(d) Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng phn t khi l ng phn ca nhau
(e) Phn ng hu c thng xy ra nhanh v khng theo mt hng nht nh
(g) Hp cht C
9
H
14
BrCl c vng benzen trong phn t
S pht biu ng l
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5
Hng dn:
- Khi t chy mt hidrocacbon m
2 2
CO H O
Anken
n n
Xicloankan

- ng phn l nhng cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v mt cng thc cu to
V d: CH
3
COOH (c M = 60) v C
3
H
7
OH (M = 60) chng khng c coi l ng phn ca nhau
- Cc phn ng ha hc hu c thng xy ra chm v theo nhiu hng khc nhau trong cng mt iu kin
- Gi tr k trong cng thc l
2.9 14 1 1 2
2
2
k
+
= = < 4 => khng th to nn c vng benzene
(k y l s lin kt pi + s vng)
Cu 12: Cho s phn ng :
(1) X + O
2

0
, t xt
axit cacboxylic Y
1
(2) X + H
2

0
, t xt
ancol Y
2

(3) Y
1
+ Y
2

0
, t xt

Y
3
+ H
2
O
Bit Y
3
c cng thc phn t C
6
H
10
O
2
. Tn gi ca X l:
A. anehit acrylic B. anehit propionic C. anehit metacrylic D. andehit axetic
Hng dn:
Trc tin chng ta cn phi hiu cc tn gi ng vi nhng cng thc l g:
+ Anehit acrylic: CH
2
=CH-CHO + Anehit propionic: CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO
+ Anehit metacrylic: CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CHO + Andehit axetic: CH
3
-CHO
Trong phn t Y
3
: C
6
H
10
O
2
c gi tr
2.6 10 2
2
2
k
+
= = => trong cng thc s c cha 1 lin kt pi
( k = 2 gm 1 lin kt pi nhm COO- v 1 pi gc hidrocacbon)
Vy trong Y
3
th c th l gc acid khng no hoc l ru khng no
Theo s trn th Y
1
c th l acid no hoc khng no
+ Nu X
1
l CH
2
=CH-CHO => Y
1
l CH
2
=CH-COOH => Y
2
s l CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
OH
=> Y
3
s l: CH
2
=CH-COOCH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
(C
6
H
10
O
2
) TM
+ Nu X
1
l CH
3
-CH
2
-CHO => Y
1
l CH
3
-CH
2
-COOH => CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH
(iu ny l v l v c hai u l no)
+ Nu X
1
l CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CHO => Y
1
l CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-COOH => Y
2
l CH
3
-CH(CH
3
)-CH
2
OH
(iu ny l v l v khi Y
3
s c tng l 8 nguyn t C)
+ Nu X
1
l CH
3
-CHO => Y
1
l CH
3
-COOH => Y
2
CH
3
-CH
2
-OH
(iu ny l v l v khi Y
3
s c tng l 4 nguyn t C)
------------
Ngoi ra nu nh cc em hc sinh c s nhn xt nhy bn th ta thy rng Y
3
u c to ra t cht
ban u l X, m qu trnh X chuyn ha thnh cc cht dng Y
1
v Y
2
u khng lm thay i s nguyn t C
=> Y
3
c to nn t 2X v mt nguyn t C => Trong phn t X s c 3 nguyn t C => p n A TM
* Nhn xt:
y l mt bi tp i hi s ghi nh v mt l thuyt v s suy lun cng nh phn tch bi
Cu 13: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X):
(a) Cho X vo bnh cha mt lng d kh O
3
( iu kin thng)
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
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(b) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HNO
3
(c)
(c) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl (khng c mt O
2
)
(d) Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch FeCl
3

Th nghim m Cu b oxi ha cn Ag khng b oxi ha l:
A. (a) B. (b) C. (d) D. (c)
Hng dn:
Cu + O
3
=> CuO + O
2
; Ag + O
3
=> Ag
2
O + O
2

Cu + HNO
3
=> Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O + Sn phm kh (c th l mt trong cc cht: N
2
, NO, NO
2
, N
2
O, NH
4
NO
3
)
Cu + HCl ; Ag + HCl
Cu + FeCl
3
=> CuCl
2
+ FeCl
2
; Ag + FeCl
3
(D vo v tr ca cp oxi ha kh
2 3
2

Cu Fe Ag
Cu Fe Ag
+ + +
+

Cu 14: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag (t l s mol tng ng 4 : 1) vo 30 ml dung dch gm
H
2
SO
4
0,5M v HNO
3
2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht ca N
+5
). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1 mol O
2
thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H
2
O,
thu c 150 ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l:
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
Hng dn:
n
Cu
= 0,02 ; n
Ag
=0,005 => Tng s mol e cho ti a = 0,02.2 +0,005.1 = 0,45

H
n
+

= 0,09 mol;
3
NO
n


= 0,06 (d)
4H
+
+ NO
3
-
+ 3e => NO + 2H
2
O
0,06 0,045 0,015
Ag, Cu phn ng ht.
2NO + O
2

=> 2NO
2

0,015 0,0075 0,015
4NO
2

+ O
2

+ 2H
2
O => 4HNO
3

0,015 0,015
Nng mol HNO
3

=0,015:0,15 = 0,1M => pH= 1
* Nhn xt:
+ y l bi ton cho kim loi tc dng vi hn hp acid (c mt ca H
+
v
3
NO

) nn phng php gii ti

u nht l s dng phng trnh ion thu gn gii
+ Mt khc bi li cho bit c th hai cht ban u => chng ta phi xc nh xem cht no phn ng ht
v cht no cn d sau phn ng qua tnh ton theo cht phn ng ht
Cu 15: Cho dy cc cht: SiO
2
, Cr(OH)
3
, CrO
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, NaHCO
3
, Al
2
O
3
. S cht trong dy tc dng c
vi dung dch NaOH (c, nng) l
A. 6 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4
Hng dn:
y ch l cu hi mang tnh cht ghi nh cc cht c kh nng phn ng (tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht).
Cc phng trnh phn ng cc em t vit
Cu 16: Thc hin cc phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr
2
O
3
(trong iu kin
khng c O
2
), sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch HCl
(long, nng), sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt H
2
(ktc). Cn nu cho ton b X vo
mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c, nng), sau khi phn ng kt thc th s mol NaOH phn ng l:
A. 0,06 mol B. 0,14 mol C. 0,08 mol D. 0,16 mol
Hng dn
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2
H
n
gii phng
= 0,09 v
2 3
4, 56
0, 03
152
mol
Cr O
n = =
Gi s phn ng xy ra va th n
Cr
= 0,06 =
2
H
n
<
2
H
n
gii phng
= 0,09 => Nhm d.
(Cr + 2HCl => CrCl
2
+ H
2
)
p dng bo ton electron:
Khi nhm phn ng vi Cr
2
O
3

:
2 3 2 3
2 2 Al Cr O Al O Cr + +
n
Al phn ng
= 2.
2 3
0, 06 mol
Cr O
n =
v
n
Cr
= 0,06
Khi nhm d, Al
2
O
3
v Cr c sinh ra
phn ng vi HCl :
Cr + 2HCl => CrCl
2
+ H
2

2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

2
2
3
du H Cr Al
n n n = +

= 0,09 mol 0, 02
du
mol
Al
n =
Vy tng s mol Al l 0,08 mol.
Sau tt c cc phn ng Al chuyn thnh NaAlO
2

nn suy ra n
NaOH
= 0,08 mol.
* Nhn xt:

Cu 17: Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl
2
l:
A. Bt Mg, dung dch NaNO
3
, dung dch HCl B. Bt Mg, dung dch BaCl
2
, dung dch HNO
3

C. Kh Cl
2
, dung dch Na
2
CO
3
, dung dch HCl D. Kh Cl
2
, dung dch Na
2
S, dung dch HNO
3

Hng dn:
Cl
2
+ FeCl
2
=> FeCl
3

Na
2
S + FeCl
2
=> FeS + NaCl
2 3
3 2
H NO Fe Fe NO H O
+ + +
+ + + +
Cu 18: Chia hn hp gm hai n chc X v Y (phn t khi ca X nh hn ca Y) l ng ng k tip
thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 5,6 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 6,3 gam H
2
O.
- un nng phn 2 vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
0
C to thnh 1,25 gam hn hp ba ete. Ha hi hon ton hn hp
ba ete trn, thu c th tch ca 0,42 gam N
2
(trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut).
Hiu sut ca phn ng to ete ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 30% v 30% B. 25% v 35% C. 40% v 20% D. 20% v 40%
Hng dn:
P
1
:
2
CO
n

= 0,25 ;
2
H O
n = 0,35 => Hai ancol ban u l no, n chc.
2 1 n n
C H OH
n
+
= 0,1mol
=> S C TB l 2,5 => Hai ancol l C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. Theo phng php ng cho
C
2
H
5
OH
C
3
H
7
OH
2,5
0,5
0,5
a mol
b mol


2 5 3 7
0, 05 mol
C H OH C H OH
n n = =
P
2
: n
ete
= 0,015 mol =
2
H O
n , n
2 ancol p
= 0,03 mol => n
2 ancol d
= 0,07 mol
m
2 ancol d
=
2 2 ancol ancol phn ng ete ha
m m

= 0,05.46 + 0,05.60 - (m
ete
-
2
H O
m ) =3,78 gam
Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH => ta c

= +
= +
07 , 0
78 , 3 60 46
b a
b a

=
=

04 , 0
03 , 0
b
a

Hiu sut este ha ca X v Y l 40% v 20%
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* Nhn xt:
y l bi tp kh hay, i hi hc sinh phi vn dng nhiu mng kin thc gii: phng php trung
bnh, phng php ng cho, phng php bo ton khi lng
Bi tp ny i vi nhiu em hc sinh TB hoc TBK s mt nhiu thi gian gii quyt.
Cu 19: Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6,6. C bao nhiu t thuc
loi t poliamit?
A. 2 B. 1 C. 4 D. 3
Hng dn:
_ Poliamit l nhng polime tng hp c cha nhiu nhm chc amit (-CO-NH-) (cn c gi l nhm peptit)
trong phn t.
+T nilon -6,6: c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng hai loi monome l
hexametyleniamin (H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-NH
2
v axit aipic HOCO-[CH
2
]
4
-COOH
+ T nilon 6 (t capron) c tng hp t axit 6- amino hexanoic H
2
N-[CH
2
]
5
-COOH
+ T nilon 7 (t enan) c tng hp t axit 7- amino heptanoic H
2
N-[CH
2
]
6
-COOH
+ T nitron thuc loi t vinylic c tng hp t vinyl xianua (CH
2
=CH-CN - acrilonitrin) nn c gi l
poliacrilonitrin
+ T lacsan thuc loi t polieste c tng hp t axit terephtalic v etylen glicol.
+ Xenlulz
3
CH COOH +
Xenlulz triaxetat T axtat (hay t xenluloz axetat)
+ T visc c to ra t : xenlulz, CS
2
, dd NaOH, dd H
2
SO
4

Cu 20: Cho cc phn ng:
(a) Sn + HCl (long) (b) FeS + H
2
SO
4
(long)
(c) MnO
2
+ HCl (c) (d) Cu + H
2
SO
4
(c)
(e) Al + H
2
SO
4
(long) (g) FeSO
4
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4

S phn ng m H
+
ca axit ng vai tr oxi ha l:
A. 3 B. 6 C. 2 D. 5
Hng dn:
H
+
ng vai tr l cht oxi ha => khi
2
2 2 H e H
+
+
Trong s cc phn ng a ra th:
(a) Sn + HCl (long) SnCl
2
+ H
2

(b) FeS + H
2
SO
4
(long) FeSO
4
+ H
2
S
(c) MnO
2
+ HCl (c) MnCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ H
2
O
(d) Cu + H
2
SO
4
(c) CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ H
2
O
(e) Al + H
2
SO
4
(long) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2

(g) FeSO
4
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ MnSO
4
+ H
2
O
Vy c 2 phng trnh tha mn yu cu
* Nhn xt:
Cu ny c th chuyn sang mc hi : Trong cc phng trnh phn ng trn, c bao nhiu phn ng to ra
cht kh trng thi n cht (hoc hp cht)
Cu 21: Hn hp X gm O
2
v O
3
c t khi so vi H
2
l 22 . Hn hp kh Y gm metylamin v etylamin c t
khi so vi H
2
l 17,833. t chy hon ton V
1
lt Y cn va V
2
lt X (bit sn phm chy gm CO
2
,
H
2
O v N
2
, cc cht kh khi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). T l V
1
: V
2
l:
A. 3 : 5 B. 5 : 3 C. 2 : 1 D. 1 : 2
Hng dn:
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t CTPT trung bnh ca 2 amin trong hn hp Y l C
n
H
2n +3
N => 14n + 17 = 17,833.2 => n =
4
3

Quy i O
3
, O
2

thnh O =>
2 3
O O O
m m
+
=

2C
n
H
2n +3
N + O => 2nCO
2

+ (2n+3)H
2
O
Mol : 1 n
2 3
2
n +

n
O
=2n +
2 3
2
n +
=5,5 mol =>
2 3
O O O
m m
+
=

= 88gam =>
2 3
O O
n
+
=

88
2.22
=2
Vy V
1

:V
2

= 1:2
* Nhn xt:
y l mt bi tp rt hay, i vi bi tp ny thng l nhng em hc sin kh v gii mi c kh nng
tuy duy gii quyt vn .
a s cc em s cm thy bi ri khi c bi ny, bi khng h xc nh c s mol ca tng cht
trpng hn hp.
Vi bi tp ny, cc em c th gii theo cch lp h phng trnh. Bi t cc gi tr bi cho c th
xc nh c t l mol ca cc cht
O
2
O
3
32
48
44
a mol
b mol
4
12

3 2
3
O O
n n =
Chn
2 3
3 mol mol
O O
n x n x = =
CH
3
-NH
2
C
2
H
5
-NH
2
31
45
35,66
a mol
b mol
9,334
4,666

3 2 2 5 2
2
CH NH C H NH
n n

=
Chn
2 5 2 3 2
2 mol mol
C H NH CH NH
n y n y

= =
T da vo phng trnh phn ng t chy ta lp ra t l x : y => kt qu
Cu 22: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?
A. H
2
O (xc tc H
2
SO
4
long, un nng) B. Cu(OH)
2
( iu kin thng)
C. Dung dch NaOH (un nng) D. H
2
(xc tc Ni, un nng)
Hng dn:
Cng thc ca Triolein l (C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
(trong phn t vn cha 1 lin kt pi)
(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ H
2
O
0
, xt t
3C
17
H
33
COOH + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ NaOH
0
t
3C
17
H
33
COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

(C
17
H
33
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ H
2
0
, xt t
(C
17
H
35
COO)
3
C
3
H
5

Cu 23: hiro ha hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt H
2

(ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th thu
c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l:
A. OHC-CH
2
-CHO v OHC-CHO B. H-CHO v OHC-CH
2
-CHO
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)-CHO v OHC-CHO D. CH
2
=CH-CHO v OHC-CH
2
-CHO
Hng dn:
Ta c
2
0, 05 0, 08 mol; n mol
H Ag
n = =
Theo bi ta c
2
H
n

: n
hai anehit
= 2: 1 => Vy hai anehit u cng hiro theo t l 1: 2
Vy t r ong phn t andehit c cha 2 l i n kt pi => loi B
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0, 08
3, 2
0, 025
Ag
Andehit
n
n
= = => trong hn hp phi cha 1 andehit n chc => loi A
R-CHO => 2Ag v R(CHO)
2
=> 4Ag
a 2a b 4b
Ta c h phng trnh
0, 025 0, 01
0, 015
mol
2a+4b=0,08 mol mol
a b a mol
b
+ = =

=


Th kt qu:
+ Nu l p n C => m = 70.0,01 + 58.0,015 = 1,57 gam < 1,64 gam => Loi
+ Nu l p n D => m = 56.0,01 + 72.0,015 = 1,64 gam (TM)
* Nhn xt:
+ y l mt bi tp rt hay, i hi hc sinh phi c s bin lun th mi c th c c kt qu
+ Nhiu em hc sinh c th la chn theo hng chn x v y ln lt l s mol v th bm my tnh
cui cng cng s c c kt qu phng n ko bit bin lun th no.
Cu 24: Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va vi mt lng NaOH, thu c
207,55 gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng l:
A. 31 gam B. 32,36 gam C. 30 gam D. 31,45 gam
Hng dn:
+ Trc tin chng ta cn phi ghi nh c mt s khi nim:
+ Ch s acid: L khi lng cht KOH tnh theo miligam (mg) dng trung ha ht lng axit bo cn tn
ti trong 1 gam cht bo
RCOOH + KOH => RCOOK + H
2
O
Theo bi ch s acid bng 7 => ta c
3 4
7
.10 1, 25.10
56

KOH
n mol

= =
Vy trong 200 gam cht bo cn lng KOH l 200.
4
1, 25.10 0, 025 mol

=
=> S mol ca NaOH dng trung ha lng acid d l: n
NaOH
= n
KOH
= 0,025 mol
=> S mol H
2
O to ra: 0,025 mol
Gi a l s mol ca NaOH ban u => s mol NaOH p trieste: a 0,025
(RCOO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ 3NaOH => 3RCOONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

s mol glixerol thu c:
0, 025
3
a

LBTKL: m
cht bo
+ m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
glixerol
+
2
H O
m
200 + 40a = 207,55 + 92
0, 025
3
a
+ 18 x 0,025 a = 0,775 m
NaOH
= 31 gam
* Nhn xt:
y l mt bi tp khng qu kh, nhng i hi cc em hc sinh phi ghi nh khi nim v ch s acid, l
ch s m t em hc sinh ti bi n ch l 1 bi tp nh trong sch gio khoa phn lipit
Qua bi ny thy mun nhc v nhn mnh mt iu l cc em cn phi ch nhng chi tit nh nht
c hc trong sch gio khoa. Bi qua mt loi cc bi, cu hi trong thi ny cng nh thi khi A,
cc em d dng nhn thy c nhng iu m cc em thng t lu tm ti n li c trong thi.
Cu 25: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(a) Nung NH
4
NO
3
rn.
(b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
(c)
(c) Sc kh Cl
2
vo dung dch NaHCO
3
.
(d) Sc kh CO
2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d).
(e) Sc kh SO
2
vo dung dch KMnO
4
.
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(g) Cho dung dch KHSO
4
vo dung dch NaHCO
3
.
(h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long).
(i) Cho Na
2
SO
3
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
(d) , un nng.
S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l:
A. 2 B. 6 C. 5 D.4
Hng dn:
NH
4
NO
3
=> N
2
O + H
2
O (NH
4
NO
2
=> N
2
+ H
2
O)
NaCl
tinh th
+ H
2
SO
4 c

0 0
250
4
aHS
t C
N O HCl
<
+
NaCl
tinh th
+ H
2
SO
4 c

0 0
400
2 4
a S
t C
N O HCl
>
+
Cl
2
+ NaHCO
3

2 2
3 2 2
Cl H O HCl HClO
HCl NaHCO NaCl H O CO

+ +

+ + +

CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2 d
=> CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
SO
2
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
O => K
2
SO
4
+ MnSO
4
+ H
2
SO
4

KHSO
4
+ NaHCO
3
=> K
2
SO
4
+ Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + CO
2

PbS + HCl - Ch tan trong HNO
3
v HCl m c
Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
=> Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
2

Cu 26: Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam
X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam
Ag v dung dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO
2
(ktc). Tn ca Z
l:
A. anehit propionic B. anehit butiric C. anehit axetic D. anehit acrylic
Hng dn:
Theo bi ta c:
2
0, 784 18, 36
0, 035 0,17
22, 4 108
mol ; n mol
CO Ag
n = = = =
V cho HCl vo dung dch sau phn ng trng gng c CO
2

chng t trong dung dch c (NH
4
)
2
CO
3


Vy trong hn hp anehit ban u c HCHO
HCHO => 4Ag + (NH
4
)
2
CO
3

=> CO
2

0,035 0,14 <= 0,035
RCHO => 2Ag
0,015 => 0,03
T s phn ng v gi thit ta suy ra : (R+29).0,015 + 0,035.30 = 1,89 => R = 27 (C
2
H
3
-)
Cu 27: Ha tan cht X vo nc thu c dung dch trong sut, ri thm tip dung dch cht Y th thu c
cht Z (lm vn c dung dch). Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. phenol, natri hiroxit, natri phenolat B. natri phenolat, axit clohiric, phenol
C. phenylamoni clorua, axit clohiric, anilin D. anilin, axit clohiric, phenylamoni clorua
Hng dn:
HCl + C
6
H
5
ONa => C
6
H
5
OH + NaCl
Cu 28: Cho hi nc i qua than nng , thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm CO, CO
2
v H
2
. Cho
ton b X tc dng ht vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c hn hp cht rn Y. Ha tan ton b Y bng dung
dch HNO
3
(long, d) c 8,96 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Phn trm th tch kh CO trong X
l:
A. 18,42% B. 28,57% C. 14,28% D. 57,15%
Hng dn:
Ta c cc phn ng:
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H
2
O + C CO + H
2

x x x
2H
2
O + C CO
2

+ 2H
2

2y y 2y
Theo phng trnh v theo gi thit ta c : 2x + 3y = 0,7 (1)
CO + CuO CO
2

+ Cu
H
2

+ CuO H
2
O + Cu
p dng bo ton eletron ta c : 2n
CO
+
2
2
H
n = 2n
Cu
= 3n
NO
=> n
CO
+
2
H
n

= 0,6 mol
=> 2x +2y = 0,6 (2)
T cc phng trnh (1), (2) ta c : x = 0,2 ; y = 0,1
Vy %CO = 28,57%
Cu 29: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy
khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l:
A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3
Hng dn:
phenyl axetat: CH
3
-COO-C
6
H
5
+ NaOH => CH
3
COONa + C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O
anlyl axetat: CH
3
COO-CH
2
-CH=CH
2
+ NaOH => CH
3
COONa + CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-OH
metyl axetat: CH
3
COOCH
3
+ NaOH => CH
3
COONa + CH
3
-OH
etyl fomat: HCOOC
2
H
5
+ NaOH => HCOONa + C
2
H
5
-OH
tripanmitin: (C
15
H
31
COO)
3
C
3
H
5
+ NaOH => 3 C
15
H
31
COONa + C
3
H
5
(OH)
3

Cu 30: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn:
37
17
Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l
35
17
Cl . Thnh
phn % theo khi lng ca
37
17
Cl trong HClO
4
l:
A. 8,92% B. 8,43% C. 8,56% D. 8,79%
Hng dn:
35
17
Cl = 100 - 24,23= 75,77%
=>
24, 23.37 75, 73.35
100
Cl M
+
= = 35,4846
Gi s c 1mol HClO
4 => S mol ca ng v
37
17
Cl =0,2423 mol
% v khi lng ca
37
17
Cl trong HClO
4
=
0, 2423.37
.100% 8, 92%
1 35, 4846 16.4
=
+ +

-----------
% khi lng ca ng v
37
17
Cl :
37
24, 23. 25, 26%
35, 4846
=
% khi lng c hai ng v ca Clo trong HClO
4
l:
35, 4846
.100% 35, 3135%
1 35, 4846 16.4
=
+ +

Vy % khi lng ca
37
17
Cl trong HClO
4
l: 35,3136%. 25,26% = 8,92%
Cu 31: luyn c 800 tn gang c cha hm lng st 95%, cn dng x tn qung manhetit cha 80%
Fe
3
O
4
(cn li l tp cht khng cha st). Bit rng lng st b hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 1%. Gi tr
ca x l:
A. 959,59 B. 1325,16 C. 1394,90 D. 1311,90
Hng dn:
y l mt bi tng i d, ch i hi hc sinh vn dng tt cng thc tnh ton lin quan v hiu
xut ca phn ng, ca qu trnh iu ch v sn xut.
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Theo bi ra th lng st c trong 800 tn gang l: m
Fe
=
800.95
760
100
= tn
Lng Fe
3
O
4
c trong x tn qung Manhett l: 0,8x tn
3 4
3 Fe O Fe
=> Lng st c trong Fe
3
O
4
l
0,8
.56.3
232
x
tn
Do lng st b hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 1% (hiu xut ca qu trnh l 99%)
=> Khi ta c biu thc:
0,8 99
.56.3 760 1325,16
232 100
x
x = => =
* Lu : Bi ton ny nu nh chng ta lm tnh v lm trn cc php tnh th mc sai s s rt ln. V
th khi lm bi tp tnh ton th chng ta nguyn cc biu thc dng phn s, n cui cng mi c
php lm trn.
Cu 32: Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc?
A. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH v C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH
B. (CH
3
)
2
CHOH v (CH
3
)
2
CHNH
2

C. (CH
3
)
3
COH v (CH
3
)
3
CNH
2

D. C
6
H
5
NHCH
3
v C
6
H
5
CH(OH)CH
3

Hng dn:
y l mt bi tp kh n gin, ch i hi cc em hc sinh nm c r khi nim v bc ca ancol v bc
ca amin
+ Bc ca Ancol l bc ca nguyn t C m nhm OH c gn vo
(Bc ca nguyn t C, l s ch cho ta bit c bao nhiu nguyn t C khc c gn vo nguyn t C m ta xt)
+ Bc ca Amin l bc s ch cho ta bit c bao nhiu nguyn t C gn vo nguyn t N
=> Qua d dng ta xc nh c kt qu l p n D
A. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH v C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH
Bc 2 Bc 1
B. (CH
3
)
2
CHOH v (CH
3
)
2
CHNH
2

Bc 2 Bc 1
C. (CH
3
)
3
COH v (CH
3
)
3
CNH
2

Bc 3 Bc 1
D. C
6
H
5
NHCH
3
v C
6
H
5
CH(OH)CH
3

Bc 2 Bc 2
Cu 33: Hn hp X gm Fe(NO
3
)
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
. Thnh phn % khi lng ca N trong X l
11,864%. C th iu ch ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp 3 kim loi t 14,61 gam X?
A. 7,68 gam B. 10,56 gam C. 6,72 gam D. 3,36 gam
Hng dn:
Ta chn theo hng quy i hn hp X v dng gm c 3 nguyn t: kim loi A, N v O
Theo bi ra ta c: m
A
+ m
N
+ m
O
= 14,61 gam
Mt khc theo ra ta li c: % .100% 11,864 gam
N
X
m
N
m
= =
Theo cng thc ca cc hp cht trong X th ta s lun c t l:
16
: 3 3.
14
O
O N
N
m
n n
m
= =
Vy ta c h phng trnh:
16 48 0 7, 68
14, 61 5, 20
11, 864 11,864 88,136 0 1, 73
O N A
A O N O
A O N N
m m m
m m m m
m m m m
= =

+ + = =


+ = =


Cu 34: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO
2
( ktc) vo 100 mol dung dch gm K
2
CO
3
0,2M v KOH x mol/lit,
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
d,
thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,0 B. 1,4 C. 1,2 D. 1,6
Hng dn:
Theo bi t
3
0, 06 mol
BaCO
n = ;
2 3
0, 02 mol
K CO
n =
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CO
2
HCO
3
CO
3
-
OH
-
OH
- 2-
0,1
0,04
0,06
+
+ 2
0,06
0,08

Vy kh 0,14 1, 4 mol
KOH
M
OH
n C

= =

Cu 35: Pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH
3
COOH vi CH
3
OH, H
2
O c to nn t -OH trong nhm COOH ca
acid v H trong nhm OH ca ancol
B. Phn ng gia acid axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to nn benzyl axetat c trong mi
thm ca chui chn
C. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip thc phm,
m phm
D. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ha hc, ch cn dng mt
thuc th l brom.
Hng dn:
Mt s iu lu thm v este:
Iso-amyl axetat : CH
3
COOCH
2
CH
2
CH(CH
3
)
2
: mi chui chn
Benzylaxetat CH
3
COOCH
2
C
6
H
5
c mi hoa nhi.
mi cam : octyl axetat ( CH
3
COOC
8
H
17
) mi to : metyl butanoat ( C
3
H
7
COOCH
3
)
mi du chui : amyl axetat (CH
3
COOC
5
H
11
) mi anh o : HCOOC
5
H
11
( amyl fomiat)
mi mn: HCOOC
5
H
11
( Iso-amyl fomat) mi l : CH
3
COOC
5
H
11
( iso-amyl axetat)
mi m : etyl butanoat ( C
3
H
7
COOC
2
H
5
)
mi da : C
3
H
7
COOC
5
H
11
( Iso-amyl butanoat)
metyl metacrylat ; CH
2
=C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
: Mono me to nn thy tinh hu c
+ i vi benzen, toluen v stiren khi ta dng dung dch Brom th ta ch phn bit c Stiren do lm mt mu
dung dch nc brom. Cn li Benzen v toluene th s dng thm dung dch KMnO
4
, t
0
th Toluen s lm mt
mu
C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ Br
2
=> C
6
H
5
-CHBr-CH
2
Br
C
6
H
5
-CH
3
+ 2KMnO
4
=> C
6
H
5
COOK + 2MnO
2
+ KOH + + H
2
O
Cu 36: Cho ba dung dch c cng nng mol:
(1) H
2
NCH
2
COOH (2) CH
3
COOH (3) CH
3
CH
2
NH
2

Dy sp xp theo th t pH tng dn.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (3), (1), (2) C. (2), (3), (1) D. (2), (1), (3)
Cu 37: Hn hp kh X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi H
2
l 17. t chy hon
ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh dung dch Ca(OH)
2
(d) th khi lng
bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,39 B. 5,85 C. 6,6 D. 7,3
Hng dn:
Trong tt c cc cng thc ca: etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen u c cha 4 nguyn t H
=> Gi cng thc chung cho c 4 cht ni trn l dng C
x
H
4

Theo bi ta c: 12x + 4 = 17.2 => x = 2,5
C
2,5
H
4
=> 2,5CO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Theo bi => tng khi lng bnh tng thm l: 0,05.2,5.44 + 0,05.2.18 = 7,3 gam
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Cu 38: Nhit phn 4,385 gam hn hp X gm KClO
3
v KMnO
4
, thu c O
2
v m gam cht rn gm
K
2
MnO
4
, MnO
2
v KCl . Ton b lng O
2
tc dng ht vi cacbon nng , thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh Y
(ktc) c t khi so vi H
2
l 16. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca KMnO
4
trong X l:
A. 74,92% B. 72,06% C. 62,76% D. 27,94%
Hng dn:
C + O
2
CO
CO
2

Theo bi ta c :
CO
CO
2
x mol
y mol
28
44
32
4
12

Theo bi
0, 04
3
x y
x
y
+ =

x = 0,03 mol v y = 0,01 mol
=>
2
0, 03
0, 01 0, 025
2
mol
O
n = + =

Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca KClO
3
v KMnO
4
=> ta c: 122,5x + 158y = 4,385 gam (1)
3 2
4 2 4 2 2
3
3
0, 025 2
2 2
2
mol (2)
KClO KCl O
y
x
KMnO K MnO MnO O

+

+ =
`

+ +
)

T (1) v (2) => x = 0,01 mol v y = 0,02 mol
Vy % KMnO
4
v khi lng l: 72,06%
Cu 39: Cho cn bng ha hc sau: 2SO
2
(k) + O
2
(k)

2SO
3
(k) ; AH < 0
Cho cc bin php :
(1) tng nhit
(2) tng p sut chung ca h phn ng
(3) h nhit
(4) dng thm cht xc tc V
2
O
5

(5) gim nng SO
3

(6) gim p sut chung ca h phn ng.
Nhng bin php no lm cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun?
A. (2), (3), (4), (6) B. (1), (2), (4) C. (1), (2), (4), (5) D. (2), (3), (5)
Hng dn:
Theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng:
(T xem li sch gio khoa ha hc 10)
c th chuyn dch theo chiu thun, ta phi tc ng vo 1 trong cc yu t:
+ Tng nng c ca SO
2
hoc O
2

+ Gim nng ca SO
3

+ Tng p sut chung ca h
+ H nhit
Cu 40: Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c
2,16 gam H
2
O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l:
A. 25% B. 27,92% C. 72,08% D. 75%
Hng dn:
vinyl axeta t : CH
3
COOCH=CH
2

=> C
4
H
6
O
2
=> 4 CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
x mol 3x mol
metyl axetat : CH
3
COOCH
3

etyl fomat : HCOOC
2
H
5

=> C
3
H
6
O
2
=> 3CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
y mol 3y mol
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Theo phng trnh => ta c
86 74 3, 08 0, 01 gam mol
3x+3y=0,12 mol y=0,03 mol
x y x + = =

Vy % s mol ca vinyl axetat l: 25%

II. PHN RING [10 cu]
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn (Phn A hoc B)
A. Theo chng trnh chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Trong qu gc chn rt giu hm lng:
A.ete ca vitamin A B. este ca vitamin A C. -caroten D. vitamin A
Hng dn:
Gc rt giu Beta-carotene v cht chng oxy ha lycopene (by mi ln so vi c chua), v
zeaxanthin. N cha nng Beta carotene cao nht ca bt k tri cy, thc vt no c bit n (mi ln
nhiu hn c rt). Beta carotene l tin vitamin A c mu c tm thy t ct li ca cc loi tri cy v rau
qu, t m ti b ng. N chuyn i thnh vitamin A trong c th, v c nhiu c tnh bo v t bo.
Cht Beta-carotene trong Gc h tr mnh m chc nng sinh sn bng cch tng cng sn xut tinh
trng, v sau khi n c i thnh vitamin A. N chnh l cht dinh dng quan trng ng mt vai tr ti u
trong s pht trin phi thai khe mnh.
Cc cht Lycopene v Beta-carotene trong Gc qu tng cng sc khe ca da bng cch gim thiu
thit hi oxy ha trong m
Ngoi ra, c hai cht Lycopene v Beta-carotene cho thy c s hot ng bo v chng li cc nguy
c au tim. Ngoi ra, Lycopene, c nhiu trong qu Gc, gip gim BPH, cn c gi l tng sn tuyn tin
lit lnh tnh. Ngoi ra cn c bng chng tt cho thy Lycopene c th gip lm gim nguy c ung th tuyn
tin lit.
Trong 100g tht gc (mng ) cha 15mg-carotene v 16mg lycopen. Qu gc cng chn th hm lng
carotene s gim cn hm lng lycopen li tng ln.

Cu 42: Cht hu c X mch h c dng H
2
N-R-COOR
'
(R, R' l cc gc hirocacbon), phn trm khi lng
nit trong X l 15,73%. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH, ton b lng ancol sinh ra
cho tc dng ht vi CuO (un nng) c anehit Y (ancol ch b oxi ha thnh anehit). Cho ton b Y tc
dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 12,96 gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,67 B. 4,45 C. 5,34 D. 3,56
Hng dn:
Theo bi ra ta c:
14
% .100% 15, 73% ' 29
' 60
N R R
R R
= = => + =
+ +

Do R v R l cc gc hidrocacbon => R l CH
3
- (15) v R l CH
2
(14)
H
2
NCH
2
COO- CH
3
CH
3
OH HCHO 4Ag
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Vy => m = (60 + 29).n
Ag
.
1
4
= 2,67 gam
Cu 43: Nhit phn mt lng AgNO
3
c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y vo mt lng d
H
2
O, thu c dung dch Z. Cho ton b X vo Z, X ch tan mt phn v thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca X phn ng l
A.25% B. 60% C. 70% D. 75%
Hng dn:
3 2 2
2 2 2 AgNO Ag NO O + +
x mol x mol x mol 0,5x mol
2 2 2 3
4 2 4 NO O H O HNO + +
x mol 0,5x mol x mol (O
2
cn d 0,25x mol)
3 3 2
3 4 3 2 Ag HNO AgNO NO H O + + +
x mol x mol (Ag cn d 0,25x mol)
Theo cc phng trnh phn ng th ta nhn thy rng Ag phn ng ht 0,75x mol
=> Phn trm khi lng ca X phn ng l: 75%
Cu 44: Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
B. Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
C. Trong y hc, ZnO c dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh nga
D. Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
Hng dn:
Th t dn in ca mt s kim loi: Ag > Cu > Au > Al > Sn > Fe > Cr
Cu 45: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
, NH
4
Cl, Al
2
O
3
, Zn, K
2
CO
3
, K
2
SO
4
. C bao nhiu cht
trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Hng dn:
Cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl v va tc dng vi dung dch NaOH : Al, NaHCO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
,
Al
2
O
3
v Zn theo cc phng trnh phn ng:
3 2 2 3 2
3 2 3 2 2 2 2
4 2 3 4 2 2 2 3
4 2 3 2 3 3 2
( )
( )


NaHCO HCl NaCl H O CO Al HCl AlCl H
NaHCO NaOH Na CO H O Al NaOH H O NaAlO H
NH CO HCl NH Cl H O CO Al O HCl
NH CO NaOH Na CO NH H O
+ + + + +


+ + + + +


+ + + +

+ + +

{
3 2
2 3 2 2
2 2 2 2 2

AlCl H O
Al O NaOH NaAlO H O
Zn HCl ZnCl H Zn NaOH Na ZnO H
+

+ +

+ + + +

Cu 46: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Anehit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
(b) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen
(c) Anehit tc dng vi H
2
(d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt
(d) Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2

(e) Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ha
(f) Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen
S pht biu ng l
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Hng dn:
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y tuy ch l mt cu hi mc TB, nhng li yu cu cc em hc sinh phi ghi nh v hiu nhiu v
mt l thuyt. V nhiu em hc sinh hin nay thng c xu hng chnh mng vic hc l thuyt nn vic d
mt im cu ny l kh trnh khi
+ Andehit
1
C HO
+
c th chuyn i v dng
1

2
CH OH

(khi tc dng vi H
2
) hoc
3
COOH
+
(khi tc dng
vi oxi) => va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
+ Phenol d tham gia phn ng th hn benzene v do nh hng ca nhm OH lm tng mt electron
cc v tr ortho v para (iu ny sch gio khoa c c ni ti nhiu v r hn)
+ Andehit
1
C HO
+
khi tc dng vi H
2
chuyn i v dng
1

2
CH OH

(ru bc 1)
+ RCOOH + Cu(OH)
2
=> (RCOO)
2
Cu + H
2
O
+ Phenol mc d l cht c tnh acid yu nhng tnh acid yu ca n khng kh nng lm qu tm
chuyn mu
+ S iu ch
C C
C
OH
C C C
O
+
oxi kk

Cu 47: X l hn hp gm H
2
v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C
nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi
heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H
2
(ktc). Gi tr ln
nht ca V l
A. 22,4 B. 5,6 C. 11,2 D. 13,44
Hng dn:
Ta c 4.4, 7 18,8 X M = = v 4.9, 4 37, 6 Y M = =
Gi s hn hp X c s mol l 1 mol => n
Y
= 0,5 mol
S mol ca hn hp gim i 0,5 mol chnh l s mol ca H
2
tham gia phn ng v cng chnh l s mol ca
andehit tham gia phn ng (do andehit l n chc)
RCHO + H
2
=> RCH
2
OH
RCH
2
OH + Na => RCH
2
ONa +
1
2
H
2

Theo phng trnh phn ng =>
2 2
1
0, 25 5, 6
2
lit
H Andehit H
n n mol V = = =
Cu 48: Cho butan qua xc tc ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp X gm C
4
H
10
, C
4
H
8
, C
4
H
6
, H
2
. T khi ca
X so vi butan l 0,4. Nu cho 0,6 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol brom ti a phn ng l
A. 0,48 mol B. 0,36 mol C. 0,60 mol D. 0,24 mol
Hng dn:
Coi s mol ca hn hp X l 0,6 mol => S mol ca butan l: 0,24 mol
Theo cc phng trnh phn ng: C
4
H
10
=> C
4
H
8
+ H
2
; C
4
H
10
=> C
4
H
6
+ 2H
2

x x x y y 2y
Khi ta c 2x + 3y + 0,24 x y = 0,6 => x + 2y = 0,36 mol
Khi tham gia phn ng vi lng d dung dch Brom th: C
4
H
8
+ Br
2
; cn C
4
H
6
+ 2Br
2

Ta d dng nhn thy rng s mol ca Brom phn ng = x + 2y = 0,36 mol
Cu 49: S ng phn cu to ca C
5
H
10
phn ng c vi dung dch brom l:
A. 8 B. 9 C. 5 D. 7
Hng dn:
Vi cng thc phn t l C
5
H
10
=> trong phn t c s lin kt pi + s vng l 1
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+ Anken:
C C C C C
C C C C
C

Mi mt mi tn l ch 1 v tr ca lin kt i (=)
+ Xicloankan (ch c vng 3 cnh mi tham gia phn ng vi dung dch nc Brom
C
C C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

Vy c tng tt c 8 ng phn tha mn yu cu bi ton
* Nhn xt:
y l mt cu hi kh hay, hc sinh thng d nhm ln v cc em qun mt trng hp ng phn cu to
ca xicloankan vng 3 cnh c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng m vng i vi dung dch nc Brom. Khi
a s nhiu em hc sinh s ch ngh v trng hp l anken ( 5 ng phn cu to)
i vi cu hi ny, nu chng ta m s cm t S ng phn cu to tr thnh S ng phn th
khi bi ton ny s tr nn dng kh hn v khi y s cn c mt ca ng phn hnh hc:
C C C C C C C
C
C C

Qua bi ny, ti xin mo mui lu cc bn ng nghip cn lu ti vic s dng cu ch trong qu trnh
bin son trc nghim
Cu 50: Cho m gam bt Zn vo 500 ml dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
0,24M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
khi lng dung dch tng thm 9,6 gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l
A.32,50 B. 20,80 C. 29,25 D. 48,75
Hng dn:
Zn + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
=> ZnSO
4
+ 2FeSO
4

2 4 3
( )
0,12
Fe SO
n mol =
Gi s ch xy ra phn ng trn khi khi lng tng l khi lng ca Zn cho vo:
Khi n
Zn
= 0,15 mol >
2 4 3
( )
0,12
Fe SO
n mol =
Vy cn xy ra thm phn ng: Zn + FeSO
4
=> ZnSO
4
+ Fe
Vy m
dung dch tng thm
= m
Zn
m
Fe
= 9,6 gam
Gi x l s mol ca Zn tham gia phn ng 2 => ta c: (0,12 + x).65 x.56 = 9,6 => x = 0,2 mol
Vy khi lng ca Zn cho vo l: (0,12 + x).65 = 20,8 gam
B. Theo chng trnh nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)
Cu 51: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c dung dch
X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi mt lng d dung
dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th lng Ag thu c l
A.0,090 mol B. 0,095 mol C. 0,12 mol D. 0,06 mol
Hng dn:
saccaroz => Glucozo Fructozo +
mantoz => Glucozo Glucozo +
Theo bi ta c tng s mol ca Glucozo l: 0,02.2.0,75 + 0,01.2.0,75 (coi Fruntozo cng l Glucozo do n
u tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
)
n

=

0,45 mol
=>
n
Ag
= 0,045.2 = 0,090 mol
Mt khc trong dung dch cn c 25% mi cht: 0,02.0,25 mol saccaroz v 0,01.0,25 mol mantoz
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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Trong 2 cht ni trn th c duy nht 1 cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng l mantoz
Mantoz => 2Ag
=> m
Ag
= 0,01.0,25.2 = 0,005 mol
Vy tng s mol ca Ag l: 0,095 mol
Cu 52: Cho s phn ng:
(1) CH
3
CHO
HCN +
X
1
2
0
H
, t
O
H
+
+

X
2

(2) C
2
H
5
Br
Mg
ete
+
Y
1
2
CO +

Y
2
HCl +

Y
3

Cc cht hu c X
1
,

X
2
,

Y
1
, Y
2
,

Y
3
l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X
2
, Y
3
ln lt l
A. axit 3-hirxipropanoic v ancol propylic. B. axit axetic v ancol propylic.
C. axit 2-hirxipropanoic v axit propanoic. D. axit axetic v axit propanoic.
Hng dn:
C CHO
C C
OH
CN
O H
2
H
C C
OH
COOH
+ HCN
t
0
+
+
,

C
2
H
5
Br + Mg => C
2
H
5
-Mg-Br
C
2
H
5
-Mg-Br + CO
2
=> C
2
H
5
C00MgBr
2C
2
H
5
C00MgBr + 2HCl => C
2
H
5
C00H + MgBr
2
+ MgCl
2

Cu 53: Trong qu trnh hot ng ca pin in ha Zn Cu th
A. khi lng ca in cc Zn tng B. nng ca ion Cu
2+
trong dung dch tng
C. nng ca ion Zn
2+
trong dung dch tng D. khi lng ca in cc Cu gim
Hng dn:
Phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra trong pin in ha Zn Cu: quy tc

Cu
2+
+ Zn Zn
2+
+ Cu

Cu 54: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO
3
0,2M, sau mt thi gian phn ng thu c 7,76
gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 10,53 gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l
A.3,84 B. 6,40 C. 5,12 D. 5,76
Hng dn:
Theo bi th :
Cu AgNO
3
Cu
2+
Ag
+
Cu
Ag
Zn
Cu
2+
Ag
+
Cu
Ag
Zn (neu co)
+
dd Y
+
ran X
7,76 gam
0,08 mol
dd Y +
5,85 gam
ran Z
10,53 gam
+

Gi x l s mol ca AgNO
3
tham gia phn ng => trong dung dch Y cha: Cu
2+
0,5x mol; Ag
+
(0,08 x) mol
V y l s mol ca Cu cn d trong rn X: Rn X c
y mol
Ag x mol
Cu

=> 108x + 64y = 7,76 gam

TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI
HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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Cu
2+
+ 2e => Cu v Ag
+
+ 1e => Ag => Tng s mol electron nhn: 0,08 mol
0,5x x (0,08-x) (0,08-x)
n
Zn
= 0,09 mol
Zn 2e => Zn
2+

0,04 mol 0,08
Vy qu => Zn cn d sau phn ng m
Zn d
= 0,05.65 = 3,25 gam
Tng khi lng Cu; Ag v Zn d to thnh l: 7,76 + 10,53 = 18,29 gam
Vy => m
Cu
+ m
Ag
= 18,29 3,25 = 15,04 gam
Vy khi lng ca Cu ban u l m
Cu
= 15,04 0,08.108 = 6,4 gam
* Nhn xt:
+ y l mt bi tp kh hay, nu cc em c khng k s rt d b sai trong qu trnh gii.
+ Cm t sau mt thi gian phn ng lm cho bi ton tr nn hay hn v khin cho nhiu em hc sinh
lung tng bi cc em ngh rng theo bi hn hp rn X s cha Cu d v Ag, dung dch Y ch cha Cu
2+
.
Nhng khi ta kim tra lng Ag c to ra khi s l 0,08.108 = 8,64 gam > 7,76 gam
+ Qua bi tp ny, thy xin nhn mnh mt iu na l cc em cn phi ch hn na trong qu trnh c
bi. Ch tng cu tng ch trong bi hn ch v trnh nhng sai lm mc phi khi c khng k .
+ Trong bi ny, chng ta c th bin i hng hi theo cch l
+ Xc nh lng Cu tham gia phn ng
+ Xc nh khi lng Ag c hnh thnh trong hn hp X
Vi cch hi nh th th t trn ta s thip lp c phng trnh sau => (0,5x + y).64 + 0,08.108 = 15,04 gam
T 2 phng trnh thit lp c trn, ta s d dng c c: x = 0,018 mol v y = 0,091 mol
=> Kt qu
Cu 55:Pht biu khng ng l
A.Etylamin tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng to ra etanol
B.Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi chc triu
C.Metylamin tan trong nc cho dung dch c mi trng baz
D.ipeptit glyxylalanin (mch h) c 2 lin kt peptit
Hng dn:
C
2
H
5
NH
2
+ HNO
2
=> C
2
H
5
OH + N
2
+ H
2
O
Mun c 2 lin kt peptit th n phi c to nn t 3 phn t aminoaxit
Cu 56: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h Y v Z (phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). t
chy hon ton a mol X, sau phn ng thu c a mol H
2
O. Mt khc, nu a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung
dch NaHCO
3
, th thu c 1,6a mol CO
2
. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Y trong X l
A. 46,67% B. 25,41% C. 40,00% D. 74,59%
Hng dn:
T d kin ca bi ton:
+ a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaHCO
3
, th thu c 1,6a mol CO
2
.
=> C mt acid l n chc (HCOOH) v mt acid l a chc
+ a mol X, sau phn ng thu c a mol H
2
O
=> S nguyn t H trong c hai acid u l 2
Vy => cng thc ca cc acid Y v Z ln lt l: HOOH v (COOH)
2

COOH
COOH
H COOH C = 1
C = 2
1,6
0,6
0,4
x mol
y mol

3x = 2y
Chn t l mol ca cc cht trong hn hp X l :
x = 2 mol v y = 3 mol
Vy phn trm khi lng ca HCOOH trong hn hp X l:
TI LIU LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NM 2011
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH
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2.46
100 25, 41%
2.46 3.90
=
+

* Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp tng i kh, i hi nhiu v mt suy lun v t duy.
Cu 57: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz
(b) Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ha ln nhau
(c) C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3

(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ha tan Cu(OH)
2
nhit thng cho dung dch mu xanh lam
(e)Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h
(f) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng 6 cnh (dng v )
S pht biu ng l
A.5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3
Hng dn:
Cng thc cu to dng mch h ca glucoz v fructoz:
C C C C C
OHOHOHOHOH
CHO

C C C C C
OHOHOHOH
CH
2
OH
O

Trong dung dch Brom th nhm CHO ca glucoz tham gia phn ng
-CHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O => -COOH + 2HBr
+ Trong dung dch hu nh ch c hai dng glucozo vng 6 cnh dng v
+ Do c nhiu nhm OH lin k nhau, nn Glu v Fru u c tnh cht ca ru a chc
Cu 58: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(a) Nhit phn AgNO
3
(b) Nung FeS
2
trong khng kh
(c) Nhit phn KNO
3
(d) Cho dung dch CuSO
4
vo dung dch NH
3
(d)

(e) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO
4
(g) Cho Zn vo dung dch FeCl
3
(d)
(h) Nung Ag
2
S trong khng kh (i) Cho Ba vo dung dch CuSO
4
(d)
S th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi cc phn ng kt thc l
A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4
Hng dn:
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
+ AgNO
3
=> Ag + NO
2
+ O
2
+ KNO
3
=> KNO
2
+ O
2

+ Fe + CuSO
4
=> Cu + FeSO
4
+ Ag
2
S + O
2
=> 2Ag + SO
2

+ FeS
2
+ O
2
=> Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2
+ Zn + FeCl
3 (d)
=> ZnCl
2
+ FeCl
2

+ CuSO
4
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O => (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2
.
+ Ba + H
2
O + CuSO
4 (d)
=> BaSO
4
+ Cu(OH)
2
+ H
2
Qua c 3 th nghim thu c kim loi sau khi cc phn ng kt thc
* Nhn xt:
- y l mt cu hi i hc hc sinh phi ghi nh nhiu v mt l thuyt v cc em hc sinh thng d nhm
cu ny.
- Cu ny ngoi cch hi trn c th chuyn v dng hi theo hng c bao nhiu phng trnh phn ng to ra
n cht
- Qua cu ny, thy mun nhc chng ta phi ghi nh l cc kim loi kim (Na, K, Li) v kim th (Ca, Ba) khi
cho vo dung dch mui th chng s phn ng vi nc trc, sau sn phm c to thnh mi tc dng
tip vi mui. Mt khc i vi st th ta phi lun ghi nh v v tr ca cp oxi ha kh
3
2
Fe
Fe
+
+

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Cu 59: Ha tan 25 gam hn hp X gm FeSO
4
v Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
vo nc, thu c 150 ml dung dch Y. Thm
H
2
SO
4
(d) vo 20ml dung dch Y ri chun ton b dung dch ny bng dung dch KMnO
4
0,1M th dng
ht 30 ml dung dch chun. Phn trm khi lng FeSO
4
trong hn hp X l
A. 31,6% B. 9,12% C. 13,68% D. 68,4%
Hng dn:
Ta c s chuyn ha:
2 3
1 Fe e Fe
+ +

7 2
5 Mn e Mn
+ +
+
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c:
4 4 4
4
/ 20 /150
5. 0, 015 0,1125
% 68, 4%
mol mol
FeSO ml KMnO FeSO ml
FeSO
n n n
m
= = =
=

* Nhn xt:
- y l mt cu i hi cc em hc sinh hiu c bn cht ca qu trnh phn ng v kh nng xt bi ton
da trn c s ca phng php bo ton electron.
- Nu nh cc em hc sinh khng lm r c s bin i ca cc nguyn t, i vit phng trnh phn ng c
th th mt nhiu thi gian.
- Cu ny mc TBK
Cu 60: Cho 5,6 gam CO v 5,4 gam H
2
O vo mt bnh kn dung tch khng i 10 lt. Nung nng bnh mt
thi gian 830
0
C h t n trng thi cn bng: CO (k) + H
2
O (k)

CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k) (hng s cn
bng K
c
= 1). Nng cn bng ca CO, H
2
O ln lt l
A. 0,018M v 0,008 M B. 0,08M v 0,18M
C. 0,012M v 0,024M D. 0,008M v 0,018M
Hng dn:
[CO] = 0,02M; [H
2
O] = 0,03M
CO (k) + H
2
O (k)

CO
2
(k) + H
2
(k)
Ban u: 0,02 0,03
P.ng: x x x x
C.bng: 0,02-x 0,03-x x x
Ta c biu thc
| | | |
| | | |
2
2 2
2
.
1 0, 012
. (0, 02 )(0, 03 )
C
CO H
x
K x M
CO H O x x
= = = =


Vy nng cn bng ca CO, H
2
O ln lt l: 0,008M v 0,018M
* Nhn xt: y l mt cu hi mc TB, ch cn cc em nh c cng thc v cch tnh. Nhng y l
mng kin thc ha hc lp 10, nn nhiu em khng .