AUTO.

NLU

S DNG VI IU KHIN ATMEL_AVR IU KHIN VN TC NG C DC THEO PHNG PHP PWM

Bi 1: Gii thiu.
iu khin vn tc ng c, trong c ng c DC, l mt ti c quan tm kh nhiu trong lnh vc iu khin. C vi phng php thng c s dng nhng c l PWM l phng php c a chung nht (c th v n d p dng). Vy PWM l g v p dng n nh th no. Bi vit ny s c gng tr li cc cu hi trn mc n gin nht. Bi vit gm 2 phn chnh: phn 1 gii thiu phng php PWM, phn 2 ni v cc chip vi iu khin Atmel h AVR v ng dng modul PWM ca cc chip ny. I. Phng php iu rng xung PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) d hiu bn hy quan st hnh 1 bn di

Hnh 1: PWM C th gii thch nguyn l ca phng php ny nh sau: quan st hnh trn ta thy 2 tn hiu xung S1 mt S2 c cng chu k T (1ms) tuy nhin khong Ton (khong thi gian mc High trong 1chu k ) th khc nhau nh th t s Ton/Toff ca 2 tn hiu cng khc nhau, vic iu chnh t s ny gi l iu rng xung. p dng trong iu khin vn tc ng c, Ton l thi gian cp ngun v Toff l thi gian ngng cp ngun cho ng c, khi thay i t s Ton/Toff (cng c ngha thay i in p trung bnh cp cho ng c) vn tc ng c cng thay i theo.

Hnh 2: nim v in p trung bnh (AVG VOLTS) trong phng php PWM

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AUTO.NLU Tm li, bng cch ko dn hay thu hp khong Ton (khng thay i chu k T) l c th iu khin c vn tc ng c. Tuy nhin cn ch rng quan h gia vn tc ng c v t s rng xung khng tuyn tnh. Phng php PWM khng nhng ch c p dng trong iu khin vn tc ng c m cn c rt nhiu ng dng khc nh iu khin nhit , sng ... Vi iu khin AVR ca Atmel. T cch hiu PWM nh trn chng ta c th thy rng vic p dng PWM l tng i d dng, ch cn c b to xung l c th to PWM, thm ch bn c th dng IC 555. Trong ti liu ny ti hng dn bn s dng cc chip vi iu khin to xung iu rng. V tnh ng dng rng ri ca PWM nn trong hu ht cc b iu khin (nh PLC, microcontroller...) thng c tch hp modul PWM. Trong cc chip vi iu khin c modul PWM th cc chip AVR ca Atmel v PIC ca microchip c s dng kh rng ri. Nu so snh, c th nh gi mt cch tng i l modul PWM trong cc chip PIC c 1 vi u im so vi cc chip AVR, tuy nhin PIC s kh tm hn AVR ( VN) nn ti quyt nh gii thiu cho bn AVR. AVR l dng vi iu khin 8 bits ca hng Atmel, dng chip ny kh mi v c nhiu u im hn hn dng chip theo cu trc 8051. Trong hu ht cc chip AVR u c thch hp modul PWM. Ly v d chip ATMega32 c 3 b Timer vi 4 ng xut xung PWM. y, trong cc v d ti cng s s dng loi chip ny. Chip ATMega32 c b nh chng trnh l 32KB ( so vi 4KB ca AT89C51 !!!), c sn 1KB EEPROM, 2K SRAM...c b chuyn i AD 8Bits, 8 knh; 3 b timer vi 4 ng xut xung PWM (2 chn PWM 18(OCR1B), 19(OCR1A) hot ng da vo timer1 (16bit) , 4(OC0)-timer0 98bit), v 21(OC2)-timer2(8bit))...ngoi ra chip ny cn c rt nhiu c im khc thch hp vi nhiu loi ng dng khc nhau. Cc bn c th c datasheet ca chip bit thm. II. a) Mch np: By gi trc ht chng ta i lm mch np cho AVR. Khng ging nh mch np cho cc chip AT89C51, AT89C52..mch np cho chip AVR tng i n gin. Ti gii thiu vi cc bn mt loi mch np thuc vo loi d lm nht cho AVR, mch np Kanda System STK200/+300 y l mch np ISP rt n gin, u ni mch qua cng LPT ca my tnh, lm mch ch cn 1 cp cng LPT, 1 IC m 74HC244, 1 diode ( loi chnh lu thng thng), 1 in tr 100k, v t in 100nF (t 104), bn c th quan st s nguyn l ca mch nh trong hnh 3. Bn cng khng cn lm mch in, ch cn dng test board l c. J1 (Header 6) trong hnh 3 bn lm thnh 6 ng dy ko ra, chnh l cc ng np. Nh vy vi mch np ny, vic np chng trnh vo chip s din ra trc tip, khng cn tho chip khi mch ng ng.

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0
P1 13 25 12 24 11 23 10 22 9 21 8 20 7 19 6 18 5 17 4 16 3 15 2 14 1 CONG LPT 25

100nF

C1 R1 100k

0
20 U1 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 1 19 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 1OE 2OE 18 16 14 12 9 7 5 3

J1 MOSI MISO CLK RESET VCC GND 6 5 4 3 2 1

VCC

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 GND

D1 DIODE

HEADER 6

10

74ALS244/SO

Hnh 3: Mch np Kanda system STK200/+300 b. Mch ng dng: Ty theo nhu cu s dng m mch ng dng c phc tp khc nhau, nhng c bn bn phi mc cc thnh phn nh trong hnh 4. Bn c th hn mch ln test board hay n gin hn l s dng project board lm mch ( bn nn lm theo cch ny). Mch in trong hnh 4 khng c g c bit, ngoi Header J0 (DUONG NAP), bn ch Header ny, kt ni cho ng v y chnh l ng np ca mch.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 HEADER 8 NA4 NA3 NA2 R? 100k 1uF +5V C? 33 Y?

J2

U? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 PB0[T0] PB1[T1] PB2[AIN0] PB3[AIN1] PB4[SS] PB5[MOSI] PB6[MISO] PB7[SCK] RST VCC GND XTAL2 PC7[TOSC2] PC6[TOSC1] PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 PC1 PC0 PD7 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 PA0[ADC0] PO1[ADC1] PA2[ADC2] PA3[ADC3] PA4[ADC4] PA5[ADC5] PA6[ADC6] PA7[ADC7] AREF AGND AVCC 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 +5V 1 2 3 4 J1 5 6 7 8 HEADER 8

C?

0 0 0

NA1 9 10 11 12

0
1 2 3 4 J3 5 6 7 8 HEADER 8

C? 33

4M

1 2 3 J4 4 5 6 7 8 HEADER 8

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

XTAL1 PD0[RXD] PD1[TXD] PD2[INT0] PD3[INT1] PD4[OC1B] PD5[OC1A] PD6[ICP] ATMega32

+5V

0
J0 NA1 NA2 NA3 NA4 1 2 3 4 5 6 DUONG NAP

Hnh 4: mch ng dng c bn AVR c. Trnh bin dch cho AVR: Nu bn bit cch lp trnh bng Assembly cho cc chip AT89C51, bn c th tip tc i theo hng ny. Trong trng hp ny bn cn tm hiu li cu trc ca AVR (ch cn c datasheet ca chip l rt y ), sau bn s dng phn mm AvrStudio lp trnh v bin dch chng trnh. Ti gii thiu bn 1 cch khc lp trnh cho AVR, l s dng phn mm CodeVisionAVR. y l 1 phn mm lp trnh theo ngn ng C cho cc chip AVR, h tr gn nh y cc chip, c nhiu th vin m rng v c tch hp c chng trnh np h tr nhiu loi mch np ( trong c mch Kanda STK200/+300). y l gii php kh ton din cho ngi mi bt u cng nh ngi lp trnh AVR thnh tho.

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AUTO.NLU

Hnh 5: giao din CodeVisionAVR d. Test mch np: Gi s bn c trong tay mch np Kanda STK200/+300, mch ng dng trn project board v ci c CodeVisionAVR, bn c th lp trnh v np cho mch ng ng ca mnh. Bc ny ti hng dn cch kim tra mch np v np chng trnh cho chip. - Trc ht bn kt ni cab mch np vi cng LPT my tnh. - Kt ni cc ng np trn mch np (Header6-J1) vi ng np trn mch ng dng (DUONG NAP-J0) theo th t tng ng. - Lp ngun vo mch ng dng. - Chy chng trnh CodevisionAVR. - Chn file/Open, bn browse n th mc c cha file cavr-pwm1, m file ny ln. - Bn nhn phm F9 bin dch, nhn Shilf+F9 to file hex. - Tip theo bn chn Setting/Programmer, chn loi mch np l Kanda System STK200/+300, cc thng s khc chn nh trong hnh 6, nhn OK. For more details and questions, contact me: thanhtam.h@gmail.com

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Hnh 6: Option mch np Bn chn Tool/ Chip Programmer ri t cc thng s nh trong hnh 7

Hnh 7: Load chng trnh np Trong chng trnh np, bn chn Program/FLASH, sau browse n th mc cha file cavr-pwm1.hex ( c to ra khi bn bin dch lc trc), bn nh l chn ng file c ui .hex ( bn nn chn file type trong open dialog l hex). Bn s thy qu trnh np chng trnh vo chip din ra. Nu c li chng trnh np s bo.

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AUTO.NLU Nu khng np c bn hy th chn li Program/Erase chip truoc ri sau np li nh trn, nu qu trnh Erase chip vn c li ngha l hoc mch np bn sai hoc mch ng dng sai, hoc c khi bn cha gn ngun...Trong trng hp ny bn hy kin nhn kim tra li mch np , mch ng dng..(ch yu l kim tra xem kt ni ng cha, c b t dy khng..).

Hy vng rng mi chuyn iu din ra tt p, nu c thc mc cc bn c th hi li ti hoc nhng bn lm c. Chng ta kt thc bi 1, trong bi 2 ti s trnh by cch s dng phn mm Proteus m phng s dng chip ATMega32 to xung PWM. Ch : - Trong bi gii thiu ny ti gi s bn bit cch xem mch in v bng orcad, bit cch s dng test board loi hn v Project board. - Mi ti liu, phn mm gii thiu trong bi vit u nm trong th mc New files ca Server chung, cc bn c th download v t (cc bn phi c useraname v password) - Sau khi c xong bi 1, bn hy c gng hiu v PWM, lm c mch np SKT200/+300, ci c phn mm CodevisionAVR chun b cho cc bi tip theo. Chc cc bn thnh cng.

For more details and questions, contact me: thanhtam.h@gmail.com