n Chi Tit My

GVHD: Xun Ph

NHN XT CA
GING VIN HNG DN
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GVHD: Xun Ph

NHN XT CA
GING VIN CHM N.
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LI NI U

n chi tit my l mt trong nhng n quan trng nht ca sinh vin ngnh c
kh ch to my. n th hin nhng kin thc c bn ca sinh vin v v k thut, dung
sai lp ghp v c s thit k my, gip sinh vin lm quen vi cch thc hin n mt
cch khoa hc v to c s cho cc n tip theo.
Trong mi trng cng nghip hin i ngy nay, vic thit k h thng dn ng
thng trn sao cho tit kim m vn p ng bn l ht sc quan trng.
c s phn cng ca Thy, nhm chng em thc hin n Thit k h dn ng
thng trn n li kin thc v tng hp l thuyt hc vo mt h thng c kh
hon chnh.
Do yu t thi gian, kin thc v cc yu t khc nn chc chn c nhiu sai st, rt
mong nhn c nhng nhn xt qu bu ca cc thy.
Xin cm n cc thy hng dn v cc thy trong Khoa C kh gip chng em
hon thnh n ny!
SVTH:
Ngc Hi

07707791

L Trung Nhn

07705041

Phm c Giang 07706741

Danh Bo Khnh 07713351

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GVHD: Xun Ph

THIT K H THNG DN NG THNG TRN

Phng n: 5

1.

ng c
in

2.

Ni trc n
hi

3.

Hp gim
tc

bnh rng

tr

hai cp ng

trc
4. B truyn xch ng con ln
5. Thng trn
S liu thit k:
Cng sut trn trc thng trn, P = 8 kW
S vng quay trn trc thng trn, n = 55(v/ph)
Thi gian phc v: L = 6 nm
Quay mt chiu, lm vic hai ca, ti va p nh
(1 nm lm vic 300 ngy, 1ca lm vic 8 gi)
Ch ti: T1 = T; T2 = 0,9T
t1= 49s ; t2 = 36s

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GVHD: Xun Ph

MC LC
Chng1: Tm hiu h thng truyn ng my...............................................7
Chng 2: Xcnh cng sut ng c v phn phi t s truyn.................8
2.1

Chn ng c in...........................................................................8

2.2

Tnh ton v phn phi t s truyn................................................9

2.3

Kim tra iu kin m my v qu ti ca ng c chn...........11

2.4

Xc nh cc thng s ng hc v lc hc trn cc trc...............12

Chng 3: Tnh ton thit k truyn ng xch............................................15

3.1 Tm hiu v chn truyn ng xch.................................................15
3.2

Chn s rng a xch.....................................................................16

3.3

Xc nh bc xch........................................................................16

3.4

Kim nghim bn xch..............................................................19

3.5

Kim nghim bn tip xc ca a xch....................................19

Chng 4: Thit k b truyn bnh rng......................................................22

4.1 Tnh chn vt liu cho cp nhanh v chm.....................................22
4.2 nh ng sut tip v ng sut un cho php.................................23
4.3 Tnh ton thit k cho tng cp bnh rng......................................26
Chng 5: Chn khp ni...............................................................................38
5.1 Tm hiu v chn khp ni.............................................................38
5.2 Tnh v chn khp ni....................................................................40
Chng 6: Tnh ton thit k trc v then....................................................42
6.1 nh ngha......................................................................................42
6.2 Chn vt liu..................................................................................42
6.3 Tnh trc u vo...........................................................................42
6.4 Tnh trrc trung gian......................................................................47
6.5 Thit k trc ra...............................................................................52
Chng 7: Chn ln....................................................................................57
7.1 Cc thng s ln.........................................................................57
7.2 Chn kiu lp ln.......................................................................58
7.3 Bi trn ln................................................................................59
7.4 Che kn ln.................................................................................59
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Chng 8: Chn thn hp bulng v cc chi tit ph khc..........................62

8.1 Xc nh cc kch thc v hp....................................................62
8.2 Cc chi tit ph.............................................................................64
Chng 9: Bng dung sai lp ghp.................................................................66
Ti liu tham kho...........................................................................................67

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GVHD: Xun Ph

CHNG 1
TM HIU H THNG TRUYN NG MY
Thit k h thng dn ng thng trn m bo yu cu cng sut trn trc l 8kw
s vng quay trn trc thng trn l 55 vng/pht, thi gian phc v l 6 nm, quay
mt chiu, lm vic mt ca, ti trng va p nh (mt nm lm vic 300 ngy, mt
ca 8 gi). Ch ti trng cho nh hnh sau:
T1=T, T2=0,9T, t1=49, t2=36
tha mn yu cu trn ta s dng hp gim tc
ng trc lm gim vn tc t ng c vo trc
thng trn. Hp gim tc ny c c im l ng
tm ca trc v v trc ra l trng nhau. Do c
th gim bt chiu di hp gim tc, gip cho vic
b tr c cu gn gng. Tuy nhin khi s dng hp
gim tc ng trc ta nn ch n mt s khuyt
im ca n:
Kh nng ti ca cp nhanh
khng dng ht v ti trng tc
dng vo cp chm ln hn
cp nhanh trong khi khong
cch ca hai trc bng nhau.
Phi b tr cc ca cc trc
ng tm bn trong hp gim
tc, lm phc tp kt cu gi
v gy kh khn cho vic
bi trn cc ny.
Khong cch gia cc gi ca trc trung gian ln nn mun m bo trc
bn v cng phi tng ng knh trc

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GVHD: Xun Ph

CHNG 2
XC NH CNG SUT NG C V PHN PHI T S TRUYN
2.1 Chn ng c in
2.1.1 ngha ca vic chn ng c.
Chn ng c in dn ng my mc hoc cc thit b cng ngh l giai
on u tin trong qu trnh tnh ton thit k my. Trong trng hp dng hp
gim tc v ng c bit lp, vic chn ng loi ng c nh hng rt nhiu n
vic la chn v thit k hp gim tc cng nh cc b truyn ngoi hp. Do
vic chn ng c c ngha kinh t v k thut ln. Nu chn ng ng c th
ng c c tnh nng lm vic ph hp vi yu cu truyn ng ca my, ph hp
vi mi trng bn ngoi, vn hnh c an ton v n nh. Nu chn cng sut
ng c nh hn cng sut ph ti yu cu th ng c lun lm vic qu ti, nhit
tng qu nhit pht nng cho php. ng c chng hng. Nhng nu chn
cng sut ng c qu ln th s lm tng vn u t, khun kh cng knh, ng
c lun lm vic non ti, hiu sut ng c s thp. khi chn ng c in sao cho
c th li dng c ton b cng sut ng c. Khi lm vic n phi tha mn ba
iu kin:
+ ng c khng pht nng qu nhit cho php
+ C kh nng qu ti trong thi gian ngn
+ C mmen m my ln thng mmen cn ban u ca ph
ti khi mi khi ng.
2.1.2 Chn loi v kiu ng c
Hin nay trong cng nghip thng s dng hai loi ng c l:
+ ng c mt chiu
+ ng c xoay chiu
Thng thng ng c xoay chiu thng c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip
v c sc bn lm vic cao, moment khi ng ln. Bn cnh ng c mt chiu
c th iu chnh m tc trong phm vi rng, ng c bo m khi ng m,
hm v i chiu d dng. Nhng gi thnh t, khi lng sa cha ln v mau

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GVHD: Xun Ph

hng hn ng c xoay chiu v phi tng thm vn u t t cc thit b chnh

lu.
T nhng u im trn ta chn ng c in xoay chiu
2.2 Tnh ton v phn phi t s truyn
2.2.1 Chn ng c in
chn ng c in ta cn tnh cng sut cn thit. Nu gi p l cng sut trn
trc , l cng sut chung, Pct l cng sut cn thit, th

Pct =

ptd

3.11[1]

Do ti trong theo bc vi s ti hnh bn ta c .

n

Ptd =P

(
i=1

Ti 2
) .t i
T
n

49.1+ 0,92 .36

=8.
49+36

3.10[1]

i=1

=7,67 (kw)
2 4

Trong = 1234
1 = 0.92- hiu sut b truyn xch ( h)

2 = 0.97- hiu sut b truyn bnh rng

3 = 0.995- hiu sut ca mt cp ln

4 = 1- hiu sut khp ni

p
7,67
Pct = td =
= 9,04 ( kw)
0,92.0,972.0,9954.1
Tnh ton s b s vng quay ng c.
T s truyn chung: u = uh.ux
uh: T s truyn hp gim tc
ux: T s truyn b xch
da bng 3.2 [1]
uh: 8 40

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ux: 2 5
=> u: 16 200
Vi cc b truyn nh trn, ta c th chn tc ng c trong khong sau:
ndc = nct.u
vi nct = 55
=> ndc : 672 3200
Cn phi chn ng c in c cng sut ln hn Nct.Trong tiu chun c nhiu loi
ng c in tha mn iu kin ny.
Nu chn ng c in c s vng quay ln th t s truyn ng chung tng, dn
n vic tng khun kh, kch thc ca my v gi thnh thit ca b cng tng
theo (tr ng c in). Nhng ng c c s vng quay ln th gi thnh h hn v
ngc li. Nu chn s vng quay thp th t s truyn ng chung nh do
khun kh ca my gim v gi thnh h. V vy cn tin hnh tnh ton c th
chn ng c in c s vng quay sao cho gi thnh ca h thng dn ng thng
trn l nh nht. y l mt vic lm rt cn thit trong i sng kinh t hin nay.
y ta chn ng c 3K160S4 cung cp bi cng ty Viet - Hungari

Kiu ng c

3K160S4

Cng

Vn tc

sut

quay

(Kw)

(vg/ph)

11

1460

Khi

Tmax
I dn

Tmin
I dn

Tk
Tdn

cos

lng

87,5

2,0

0,5

2,2

0,87

106

(Kg)

2.2.2 Phn phi t s truyn

T s truyn ng chung

u =u

n
1460
u u x = dc =
= 26,55
nh ch
n
55
t

Trong

n s vng quay ca ng c
dc
n =52 s vng quay ca thng trn
t

nh t s truyn ca b truyn bnh rng tr nghing cp nhanh

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GVHD: Xun Ph

u t s truyn ca b truyn bnh rng tr nghing cp chm

ch
u x t s truyn ca b truyn xch
Ta chn u x = 3 theo bng 3.2 [1]

uh = u

u 26,55
u =
=
= 8,85
nh ch u
3
x

to iu kin bi trn cc b truyn bnh rng trong hp gim tc bng phng

php ngm du ta ly:

i = i = uh = 2,97
nh ch
Th li s vng quay ca trc thng trn: n =

1460
; 55vg / ph ng vi
2,97.2,97.3

yu cu t ra.
2.3 Kim tra iu kin m my v qu ti ca ng c chn
- Mmen nh mc ca ng c

p
11
T
= 9550 dmdc = 9550
= 72 Nm
dmdc
n
1460
dc

3.4[1]

Trong

p
dmdc cng sut nh mc ca ng c
n

dc s vng quay ca ng c.

- Mmen m my ca ng c

Tmm = 2T
= 144 Nm
dmdc
- Mmen ln nht trn trc ng c

Tmax = 2, 2T
= 158, 4 Nm
dmdc
- Mmen nh nht trn trc ng c

T
= 0,5T
= 36 Nm
min
dmdc
- Mmen cho php ca ng c

Tcp = 0,81Tmax = 128,3Nm

- Mmen cn ca ng c
Trang 11

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Tcan = 9550

GVHD: Xun Ph

Pct
= 59,13 Nm
ndc

- Mmen qu ti cc i ca ng c

Tmax qt = 1, 4Tcan = 82,8 Nm

Nh vy ta c:

p
= 11kw > Pct = 9,04kw
dmdc
Tcan = 59,13 Nm < Tmm = 144 Nm
Tmax qt = 82,8 Nm < Tcp = 128,3Nm
Kt Lun: ng c chn tha mn cc iu kin lm vic ca h thng.
m bo vn hnh h thng dn ng thng trn tt.
2.4 Xc nh cc thng s ng hc v lc hc trn cc trc
2.4.1 Tnh ton tc quay ca trc

n = 1460(vg / ph)
dc
n
n1 = dc = 1460(vg / ph )
4
n
1460
n = 1 =
= 491,58(vg / ph )
2 u
2,97
nh
n
491,58
n3 = 2 =
= 165,52(vg / ph )
u
2,97
ch
n
165,52
ntt = 3 =
= 55,17(vg / ph )
u
3
x

Trong
ndc s vng quay ca ng c
n1 s vng quay ca trc 1
n2 s vng quay ca trc 2
n3 s vng quay ca trc 3
ntt s vng quay ca trc thng trn

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2.4.2 Tnh cng sut trn cc trc

-Cng sut danh ngha trn trc ng c

pdc = N ct = 9,04k w
-Cng sut danh ngha trn trc 1

p1 = pdc34 = 9,04.0,995= 9k w
-Cng sut danh ngha trn trc 2

p2 = p123 = 9.0,995.0,97= 8,69k w

-Cng sut danh ngha trn trc 3

p3 = p223 = 8,69.0,995.0,97= 8,39k w

-Cng sut danh ngha trn trc thng trn

ptt = p331 = 8,39.0,995.0,92= 7,69k w

2.4.3 Tnh mmen xon trn cc trc

Tdc = 9,55.106

N ct
9,04
= 9,55.106
= 59131,51N .mm
ndc
1460

T1 = 9,55.106

p1
9
= 9,55.106
= 58869,86 N .mm
n1
1460

T2 = 9,55.106

p2
8,69
= 9,55.106
= 168821,96 N .mm
n2
491,58

T3 = 9,55.106

p3
8,39
= 9,55.106
= 484077, 45 N .mm
n3
165,52

Ttt = 9,55.106

ptt
7,69
= 9,55.106
= 1331149,18 N .mm
ntt
55,17

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Bng s liu ng hc v ng lc hc trn cc trc tnh c ca h thng

Thng s
Trc
Trc ng c
I

Cng sut

T s truyn

Mmen xon

S vng quay

P(kw)

(N.mm)

n(v/ph)

59131,51

1460

58869,86

1460

168821,96

491,58

484077,45

165,52

1331149,18

55,17

9,04

9
2,97

II
8,69

2,97

III
8,39
IV

7,69

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CHNG 3
TNH TON THIT K TRUYN NG XCH
3.1 Tm hiu v chn truyn ng xch
Xch truyn chuyn ng v ti trng t trc dn sang trc b dn nh s n
khp gia cc mt xch vi rng ca a xch. So vi b truyn ai b truyn
xch c nhng u im sau:
-

Khng c hin tng trt, hiu sut cao hn, c th lm vic khi c qu ti
t ngt

Khng i hi phi cng xch, lc tc dng ln trc v nh hn

Kch thc b truyn nh hn b truyn ai nu truyn cng cng sut v s

vng quay.

B truyn xch truyn cng sut nh vo s n khp gia xch v bnh xch,
do gc m khng c v tr quan trng nh trong b truyn ai v o c
th truyn cng sut v chuyn ng cho nhiu a xch b dn.

Tuy nhin b truyn xch c nhng nhc im l do s phn b ca cc nhnh

xch trn a xch khng theo ng trn m theo hnh a gic, do khi vo v
ra khp, cc mt xch xoay tng i vi nhau v bn l xch b mn gy nn ti
trng ng ph, n khi lm vic, c t s truyn tc thi thay i, vn tc tc
thi ca xch v bnh xch thay i, cn phi bi trn thng xuyn v phi c
b phn iu chnh xch.
C 3 loi xch chnh l xch ng, xch ng con ln v xch rng.
Xch ng n gin, gi thnh h v khi lng gim v khng dng con ln,
nhng cng v th m bn l mn nhanh. V vy ch dng xch ng i vi cc
b truyn khng quan trng mc khc yu cu khi lng nh.
Xch ng con ln gi tt l xch con ln, v kt cu ging nh xch ng ch khc
ngoi ng lp thm thm con ln, nh c th thay th ma st trt gia ng
v rng a bng ma st ln gia con ln v rng a. Kt qu l bn ca xch
con ln cao hn xch ng, ch to khng phc tp bng xch rng, do xch
con ln c dng kh rng ri.

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Xch rng c kh nng ti ln, lm vic m, nhng ch to phc tp v gi

thnh t hn xch con ln.
T nhng u im trn v do b truyn ti khng ln nn ta chon xch ng
con ln.
3.2 Chn s rng a xch
-

Chn s rng ca a xch dn

z1 = 29 2u x = 29 2.3= 23
-

Tnh s rng a xch b dn

z2 = z1u x = 3.23 = 69
3.3 Xc nh bc xch
-

Xc nh cc h s iu kin s dng xch theo cng thc (5.22) [1]

K = K r K a K 0K dc K b K lv
Trong
Kr: h s ti trng ng
Kr=1,2 do ti va p nh
Ka: h s xt n nh hng ca khong cch trc
Ka=1 do chn a=(3050)pc
K0: h s xt n nh hng ca cch b tr b truyn
K0=1
Kdc: h s xt n nh hng ca kh nng iu chnh lc cng xch
Kdc=1 c th iu chnh khong cch trc
Kb: h s xt n bi trn
Kb=1 bi trn nh git
Klv: h s xt n ch lm vic
Klv=1 lm vic 1 ca

k = 1, 2.1.1.1.1.1 =1, 2
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Tnh cng sut tnh ton

Theo cng thc 5.25 [1]

pt =

KK z K n P
3
Kx

Chn xch mt dy nn Kx=1

Trong :
Kz h s rng a xch
Kn h s vng quay
P3=8,39kw cng sut cn truyn

Kz =

25 25
=
= 1,09
z1 23

Kn =

n01
200
=
= 1, 21
n3 165,52

Pt =

KK z K n P
3 = 1, 2.1,09.1,21.8,39 = 13,28 (kw)
Kx

Da vo bng 5.4 [1] theo ct n01=200vg/ph ta chn bc xch pc=31,75 ng

knh cht do=9,55mm, chiu di ng bo=27,46 v [P]=19,3.
Da vo bng 5.2 [1] s vng quay ti hn ng vi bc xch 31,75 mm l nth=630
vg/ph, nn iu kin n<nth c tha.
-

Xc nh vn tc trung bnh ca xch

Theo cng thc

v=

nzpc
165,52.23.31,75
=
= 2,01 (m / s )
60000
60000

5-10 [1]

Trong
n s vng quay ca a xch (n=n3)
z s rng ca a xch (z=z1)
pc bc xch

Lc vng c ch

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Ft =
-

GVHD: Xun Ph

1000 p3 1000.8,39
=
= 4174,13 N
v
2,01

Tnh ton kim nghim bc xch theo cng thc

pc 600 3

p3 K
8,39.1, 2
= 600 3
= 27
z1n3[po ]K x
23.165,52.29.1

5-26 [1]

Theo bng 5.3 [1] ta chn [po]=29

Do pc=31,75 nn diu kin bi ton c tha
-

chn khong cch trc s b

a=(3050)pc=40.31,75=1270
S mc xch theo cng thc 5-8 [1]
2

2a z1 + z2 z 2 z1 pc
X=
+
+

pc
2
2 a
2

2.1270 23 + 69 69 23 31,75
=
+
+
= 127,34

31,75
2
2.3,14 1270
Ly s mc xch chn X = 128
Chiu di xch
L=pcX=31,75.128=4064 (mm)
Tnh chnh xc khong cch trc theo cng thc 5-9 [1]

z +z

a = 0,25 pc X 1 2 + X
2

23 + 69
= 0,25.31,75 128
+
2

= 1280,63mm

z +z
z z
1 2 8 2 1
2
2

23 + 69
69 23

128
8

2.3,14

Ta chn a=1278mm (v gim khong cch trc (0,002-0,004)a)

- S ln va p xch trong 1giy

u=

z1n3 23.165,52
=
= 1,98 [i]=20
15 X
15.128

Tra bng 5.6 [1] vi bc xch pc=31,75 ta chn [i]=16

3.4 Kim nghim bn xch
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GVHD: Xun Ph

Theo cng thc 5-28 [1]

Q
88500
=
= 20,88 [s]
F1 + Fv + Fo 4174,13 + 15,35 + 47,74

s=

Trong
Q=88500N ti trng ph hng tra theo bng 5.2TR78TC
[s] h s an ton cho php da vo s vng quay v bc xch ta chn
[s]= (7,89,4)
F1=Ft=4174,13N lc trn nhnh cng
Fv lc cng do lc ly tm gy nn theo cng thc 5.16 [1]

Fv = qmv 2 = 3,8.2,012 = 15,35N

qm=3,8(kg/m) khi lng ca mt mt xch tra theo bng 5.1 [1]
F0 lc cng ban u ca xch theo cng thc 5.17 [1]

Fo = K f aqm g = 1.1280,63.3,8.9,81 = 47,74 N

3.5 Kim nghim bn tip xc ca a xch
-

ng knh vng chia theo cng thc 5.1 [1]

pc z1 31,75.23
=
= 232,56 mm

3,14
pz
31,75.69
d2 = c 2 =
= 697,69 mm

3,14
d1 =

ng knh vng nh theo cng thc 5.7 [1]

d1a = d1 + 0,7 pc = 254,79mm

d 2 a = d 2 + 0,7 pc = 719,92mm
-

Kim nghim bn ca a xch 1 theo cng thc 5.18 [2]

H 1 = 0, 47

kr ( Ft K d + Fvd 1).E
[ H ]
Akd

Fvd1 lc va p trn m ( y m=1) dy xch theo cng thc 5.19 [2]

Fvd 1 = 13.107.n3 pc3 = 6,89 N

kr1 h s k n nh hng ca s rng a xch. z1=23 chn kr1=0.44
Kd=1,2 h s ti trng ng
kd=1 h s phn b khng u ti trng cho cc dy
Trang 19

 n Chi Tit My

Z
kr

GVHD: Xun Ph

15
0,59

20
0,48

30
0,36

40
0,29

50
0,24

60
0.22

E=2,1.105 Mpa mun n hi

A din tch hnh chiu ca bn l. theo bng 5.12 [2] vi bc xch
31,75 ta chn A=262mm
[ ] ng sut tip xc cho php tra theo bng 5.11 [2]

0, 44(4174,13.1, 2 + 6,89).2,1.105
H 1 = 0, 47
= 625 Mpa
262.1
H 1 = 625Mpa < [ ]=650Mpa
Nh vy dng gang xm C 24-44 ti ram t rn HB=429 s t c ng sut
cho php [ ]=650Mpa m bo c bn tip xc cho a rng 1
-

Kim nghim bn ca a xch 2 theo cng thc 5.18 [2]

H 2 = 0,47

kr 2 ( Ft K d + Fvd 2 ).E
[ H ]
AK dd

Trong
Kr2=0,22

Fvd 2 = 13.107 n4 . pc3 = 2,3N

H 2 = 0,47

0, 22.(4174,13.1,2 + 2,3).2,1.105
= 441N
262.1

H 2 = 441Mpa < [ ]=650Mpa

Nh vy dng gang xm C 24-44 ti ram t rn HB=429 ng sut cho php
cho php
- Xc nh lc tc dng ln trc theo cng thc 5.20 [2]

F = k x Ft = 1,15.4174,13 = 4800,25 ( N )

Bng thng s xch

Trang 20

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GVHD: Xun Ph

Cc i lng
Khong cch trc
S rng a dn
S rng a b dn
T s truyn
S mt ca xch
ng knh vng chia ca xch

Cc thng s
A=1278mm
Z1=23
Z2=69
ux=3
X=128
- a dn: d1=232,56
- a b dn d2=697,69

ng knh vng nh ca xch

Bc xch

- a dn: d1a=254,79
- a b dn d2a=719,92
Pc=31,75

CHNG 4
THIT K B TRUYN BNH RNG
4.1 Tnh chn vt liu cho cp nhanh v chm.

Trang 21

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GVHD: Xun Ph

Nguyn tc chn vt liu thit k b truyn bnh rng cho hp gim tc

l: chn vt liu m bo cho rng khng b gy do qu ti t ngt di tc dng
ca ti trng va p, rng khng b trc v mi do ng sut tip xc thay i gy ra.
Thp nhit luyn l loi vt liu ch yu ch to bnh rng. Ngoi ra cn dng
gang v cht do.
i vi cc b truyn chu ti trng nh v trung bnh c th dng thp ti
ci thin, thp thng ha hoc thp c ch to bnh rng. rn ca b mt
rng HB<350.
i vi cc b truyn chu ti trng ln v yu cu kch thc nh gn th
dng thp ccbon hoc thp hp kim nhit luyn t rn b mt HB>350.
i vi cc b truyn bnh rng h, lm vic vi vn tc thp, khng c yu
cu kch thc phi nh gn, c th dng vt liu gang.
Cht do thng c dng trong cc b truyn bnh rng chu ti trng
nh, yu cu lm vic t ku v cn gim ti trng ng.
Da vo s ti trng v iu kin lm vic ca b truyn khng phi lm
vic di ti trng ln v cng khng c iu kin g c bit. Ta tin hnh chn vt
liu theo cc hm mc tiu.
-

Bn iu

Kch thc nh nht

Gi thnh r nht

Thun li cho vic gia cng c kh.

T nhng iu kin trn ta tin hnh chn vt liu cho bnh dn v b dn ta

chn thp 45 - ti ci thin vi cc s liu cho bng sau.
Tn
Bnh dn

Vt liu
Thp 45X - ti ci thin

(Mpa)
b
850

ch (Mpa)
650

HB
270
Trang 22

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GVHD: Xun Ph

S=100
Thp 45X - ti ci thin
Bnh b dn

100<s<=300

750

500

260

Ta c HB1=270, HB2=260 tha mn HB1 HB2+(10-15)

4.2 nh ng sut tip xc v ng sut un cho php
4.2.1 ng sut tip xc cho php
Theo cng thc 6-33 [1]

=
H
0 H lim

0,9k HL
sH

Trong

[ H ] ng sut tip xc cho php, ( N / mm ) .

2

0 H lim gii hn mi tip xc tng ng vi chu k c s

k HL h s tui th.
sH =1,1 h s an ton c gi tr tra theo bng 6.13 [1]
- Theo bng 6.13 [1] Gii hn mi tip xc:

0 H lim

= 2 HB + 70

+ i vi bnh dn: 0 H lim1 = 2 HB1 + 70 = 610 Mpa

+ i vi bnh b dn: 0 H lim2 = 2 HB2 + 70 = 590 Mpa
- H s tui th c xc nh theo cng thc 6-34 [1]

K HL = 6

HO

N HE

Trong

HO

= 30.HB 2,4 s chu k lm vic c s ca ng mi tip xc. 6.5TR93TC

s chu k lm vic c s ca ng mi tip xc ca bnh dn

HO1

= 30.HB12,4 = 2,05.10 7 (chu k)

Trang 23

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GVHD: Xun Ph

s chu k lm vic c s ca ng mi tip xc ca bnh b dn

HO 2

= 30.HB 22,4 = 1,87.10 7 (chu k)

3
Ti
N HE = 60c
niti s chu k lm vic tng ng theo cng thc 6-36
T
max
[1]
c s ln n khp trng hp ny c = 1
Tmax M men xon ln nht trong cc m men Ti
Ti M men xon ch lm vic th i
'

t i - thi gian lm vic tnh bng gi

ni s vng quay

FO1

=N

FO 2

= 5.10 6 (chu k)

s chu k lm vic tng ng bnh dn

HE1

= 60.300.8.6.491,58.(13.0,58 + 0,9 3.0,42) = 3,76.108

s chu k lm vic tng ng bnh b dn

HE 2

= 60.300.8.6.165,52.(13.0,58 + 0,9 3.0, 42) = 1, 26.1 08

V N HO1 < N HE1 ; N HO 2 < N HE 2 nn K HL = 1

Thay th cc gi tr va tm c vo cng thc xc nh ng sut tip xc cho
php ta c cc gi tr ng sut i vi bnh dn v b dn l

= 610 0,9.1 = 499,09 Mpa

H1
1,1

= 590 0,9.1 = 482,73Mpa

H2
1,1
tnh sc bn ta tnh ng sut tip cho php l

+
= 490,91 Mpa< 1,25
= 0,5.
H
H
H 1 H 2

= 603,41 Mpa

min

Ta chn H =490,91Mpa
4.2.1 ng sut un cho php
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GVHD: Xun Ph

Rng lm vic mt mt (rng chu ng sut thay i mch ng) nn ng sut un

c tnh theo cng thc sau:

[ F ] = 0 F lim

k FL

6-47 [1]

SF

0 F lim gii hn mi un

Trong

k FL h s tui th
S F =1,75 h s an ton trung bnh tra theo bng 6.13[1]
Theo bng 6.13 [1] gii hn mi c tnh theo cng thc 0 F lim = 1,8HB
- Gii hn mi ca bnh dn 0 F lim1 = 1,8.270 = 486Mpa
- Gii hn mi ca bnh b dn 0 F lim2 = 1,8.260 = 468Mpa
- H s tui th c xc nh theo cng thc 6-48 [1]

K FL = 6
N

FO

FO

N FE

= 5.10 6 (chu k)

Trong N FE c xc nh theo cng thc 6-49 v 6-50 [1]

6
Ti
N FE = 60c
niti
T
max
- S chu k lm vic tng ng ca bnh dn

FE1

= 60.300.8.6.491,58.(16.0,58 + 0,9 6.0,42) = 3,4.10 8

- S chu k lm vic tng ng ca bnh b dn

HE 2

= 60.300.8.7.165,52.(16.0,58 + 0,9 6.0,42) = 1,14.1 08

V N FO1 < N FE1 ; N FO 2 < N FE 2 nn K FL = 1

Thay th cc gi tr va tm c vo cng thc xc nh ng sut un cho php ta
c cc gi tr ng sut i vi bnh dn v b dn l

Trang 25

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GVHD: Xun Ph

= 486.1 = 277,71Mpa
F1 1,75
= 468.1 = 267,43Mpa
F 2 1,75
4.3 Tnh ton thit k cho tng cp bnh rng
4.3.1 Xc nh cc thng s ca bnh rng cp chm
Do cc bnh rng khng i xng cc trc nn ta chn ba = 0,4 theo 6.15[1]
Vi ba - h s chiu rng vnh rng.

bd = ba

( u2 +1)
2

= 0, 4

(2,97 +1)
= 0, 79
2

Theo bng 6.7[tc] ta chn h s phn b khng u ca ti trng

K H = 1, 08
K F = 1,17

Xc nh khong cch trc aw

Theo cng thc 6-90 [1]
aw = 43(uch +1) 3

T1 K H
2

ba ( H ) uch

= 43 ( 2,97 +1) 3

168821,96.1, 08
2

0, 4.( 483) .2,97

= 148, 47 mm

Gi tr aw i vi hp gim tc tiu chun c gi tr tiu chun nm trong hai dy

sau:
Dy 1 40
50
63
Dy 2 140 180 225
Ta chn aw=160mm

80
280

100
355

125
450

160

200

250

315

400

Xc nh mun, s rng, gc nghing ca rng v chiu rng

bnh rng.
Theo cng thc 6-68 [1]

mn = (0,01 0,02)aw = (1,6 3,2)mm

Chn mn =3
T iu kin 80 200

Trang 26

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GVHD: Xun Ph

2awcos200
2awcos80
z1
mn (uch + 1)
mn (uch + 1)
2.160.cos200
2.160.cos80
z1
3(2,97 + 1)
3(2,97 + 1)
25, 25 z1 26,61
Ta chn z1=26 rng, suy ra s rng bnh b dn: z2=unh. z1 =24.2,97=77 rng
Gc nghing rng : = arccos

m n .z1 (unh + 1)
3.26(2,97 + 1)
= arccos
= 14,60
2.aw
2.160

Theo bng 6.9 [2] zmin=16

Z1=26 > zmin + 2 h s dch chnh x1=0, x2=0

Cc thng s hnh hc ca bnh rng tr khng dch chnh n

khp ngoi
Mun mn=3 mm
S rng Z1=26, Z2=77
Gc n khp

tw = arctg

tg
tg 20o
= arctg
= 20,61o
o
cos
cos14,6

Gc nghing = 14,60
Khong cch trc
aw=160mm
Chiu rng bnh rng
Chiu rng bnh rng b dn: bw 2 = ba .aw = 0, 4.160 = 64mm
Chiu rng bnh rng bnh dn: bw1=64 + 5=69mm
Chiu rng b phi tha mn iu kin b >

2,5.mn
2,5.3
=
= 29,75
sin
sin14,60

ng knh vng chia theo bng 6.11 [2]

d1 =

m.z1
3.26
=
= 80,6 mm
cos cos14,6o

Trang 27

 n Chi Tit My

d2 =

GVHD: Xun Ph

m.z2
3.77
=
= 238,7 mm
cos cos14,6o

ng knh vng nh rng theo bng 6.11 [2]

d a1 = d1 + 2m = 80,6+ 2.3= 86,6mm

d a 2 = d 2 + 2m = 238,7 + 2.3= 244,7mm
ng knh vng chn rng theo bng 6.11 [2]

d f 1 = d1 2,5m = 80,6 2,5.3 = 73,1mm

d f 2 = d 2 2,5m = 238,7 2,5.3 = 231,2mm

Tnh lc tc dng ln trc

Lc vng trn bnh rng nh theo cng thc 6-16 [1]

Ft1 =

2T2 2.168821,96
=
= 4189,13N
d1
80,6

Lc vng trn bnh rng ln theo cng thc 6-16 [1]

Ft 2 =

2T3 2.484077,45
=
= 4055,95N
d2
238,7

Lc hng tm trn bnh rng nh theo cng thc 6-17 [1]

Ft1tg n 4189,13tg 20o

Fr1 =
=
=1575,6 N
cos
cos14,6o
Lc hng tm trn bnh rng ln theo cng thc 6-17 [1]

Ft 2tg n 4055,95tg 20 o
Fr 2 =
=
= 1525,5N
cos
cos14,6 o
Lc dc trc trn bnh rng nh theo cng thc 6-18 [1]

Fa1 = Ft1.tg n = 4189,13.tg 20o = 1524,72 N

Lc dc trc trn bnh rng ln theo cng thc 6-18 [1]

Fa 2 = Ft 2 .tg n = 4055,95.tg 20o = 1476, 25 N

Tnh vn tc vng v cp chnh xc ch to bnh rng
Theo cng thc 6-40 [3]
v=

.d1n1 .80, 6.491,58

=
= 2, 07 m / s
60000
60000

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GVHD: Xun Ph

Theo bng 6.13 [2] ta chn cp chnh xc ch to cho bnh rng l cp 9 v v gh = 4

m/s
Cc h s ti trng tnh
H s ti trng ng bng p2.3tr250tc
KHV = 1,05
KFV = 1,14
H s ti trng khng u gia cc rng bng 6.14[2]
KH = 1,13
KF = 1,37
H s trng khp ngang trc

1
1

1
1
o
= 1,88 3, 2 + cos = 1,88 3, 2 +
cos14, 6 = 1,51
26 77

Z1 Z 2

H s trng khp dc trc

=

bw Sin
m.

bw = ba .aw1 = 0, 4.160 = 64(mm )

64.Sin14, 6o
= 1, 71 1
3.

Kim nghim v bn tip xc.

H =

Vi :

Z .Z H .Z

2.TI .K H .K HV .K H (u + 1)

d w1

bw .u

ZH H s xt n nh hng ca hnh dng b mt tip xc

ZH =

2 cos
2 cos14, 6o
=
= 1, 71
sin 2atw
s in(2.20,61)0

Z - H s xt n nh hng tng chiu di tip xc

Z =

1
1
=
= 0,81

1,51

6.61[1]

Z - H s xt n c tnh vt liu lm bnh rng

Z =

2.E1 E2

E2 ( 1 12 ) + E1 ( 1 22 )

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GVHD: Xun Ph

C hai bnh u bng thp nn mun n hi ca vt liu lm bnh rng E1 = E2 =

2,1.105 MPa
H s poisson ca vt liu lm bnh rng 1 = 2 = 0,3
Z = 275 (MPa)1/2

Vy

H =
=

Z .Z H .Z

2.TI .K H .K HV .K H (u + 1)

d w1

bw .u

275.1, 71.0,81 2.168821, 96.1, 08.1, 05.1,13.( 2, 97 + 1)

= 448,54 MPa 2
80, 6
64.2, 97

H = 448,54 MPa <

[ H ] =490,91 MPa

Vy bn tip xc c tha
Tnh ton kim tra gi tr ng sut un
S rng tng ng
z1
26
=
= 28, 69
3
3
cos cos (14, 6o )
z2
77
zv2 =
=
= 84, 97
3
3
cos cos (14, 6o )
zv1 =

H s dng rng
YF1 = 3, 47 +

13, 2
13, 2
= 3, 47 +
= 3,93
zv1
28, 69

YF2 = 3, 47 +

13, 2
13, 2
= 3, 47 +
= 3, 63
Z2
84,97

6.80[1]

c tnh so snh bn cc rng:

Bnh dn :

[ F1 ] = 277, 71 = 70, 66

Bnh b dn :

[ F 2 ] = 267, 43 = 73,67

YF 1

YF 2

3, 93

3, 63

Do bn bnh dn thp hn, nn ta kim tra bn un theo bnh dn

ng sut un tnh ton:
Trang 30

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GVHD: Xun Ph

F =
1

2.T1 .K F .Y .Y .YF1
bw1 .d w1 .m

[ F ]

K F = K F .K F .K F = 1,17.1,37.1,14= 1,83

Y =

1
1
=
= 0, 66 H s xt n nh hng ca trng khp ngang
1,51

Y = 1

F1 =

V :

O
14, 6
= 1
= 0,9 H s k n nghing rng
140
140

2.168821,96.1,83.0, 66.0,9.3,93
= 92, 2 F1 = 277, 71(MPa )
64.80, 6.3

F1 = 92, 2 F1 = 277, 71( MPa)

Nn bn un c tha mn.

Trang 31

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GVHD: Xun Ph

Cc thng s, kch thc, lc ca b truyn bnh rng cp chm

Khong cch trc aw

160

mm

Mdun php m

mm

Chiu rng vnh rng bnh b dn bw2

64

mm

Chiu rng vnh rng bnh dn bw1

69

mm

T s truyn u

2.97

mm

S rng bnh 1

26

rng

S rng bnh 2

77

rng

ng knh vng ln 1 dw1

80,6

mm

ng knh vng ln 2 dw2

238,7

mm

ng knh vng nh 1 d1

86,6

mm

ng knh vng nh 2 d2

244,7

mm

ng knh vng chn rng 1 df1

73,1

mm

ng knh vng chn rng 2 df2

231,2

mm

Gc nghing

= 14,60

Gc n khp

tw = 20,61o

Lc vng trn bnh nh Ft1

4189,13

Lc vng trn bnh ln Ft2

4055,95

Lc hng tm trn bnh nh Fr1

1575,6

Lc hng tm trn bnh ln Fr2

1525,5

Lc dc trc trn bnh nh Fa1

Lc dc trc trn bnh ln Fa2

1524,72
1476,25

N
N

4.3.2 Xc nh cc thng s ca bnh rng cp nhanh

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GVHD: Xun Ph

Cc thng s hnh hc ca bnh rng

Do hp gim tc ng trc nn:

Mun mn=3 mm
Khong cch trc A=160 mm
Gc nghing = 14,60
Chn ba = 0,25

bd = ba

( uch +1)
2

= 0, 25

(2,97 +1)
= 0,5
2

Theo bng 6.7[2] ta chn h s phn b khng u ca ti trng

K H = 1, 03
K F = 1, 08

Chiu rng vnh rng bnh b dn: bw2=0,25.160=40mm

Chiu rng vnh rng bnh dn: bw1= bw2 +5= 45mm
Chn ging cp chm cc thng s sau:
ng knh vng chia theo bng 3.2 [2]

d1 =

m.z1
3.26
=
= 80,6 mm
cos cos14,6o

d2 =

m.z2
3.77
=
= 238,7 mm
cos cos14,6o

ng knh vng nh rng theo bng 3.2 [2]

d a1 = d1 + 2m = 80,6 + 2.3 = 86,6mm

d a 2 = d 2 + 2m = 238,7 + 2.3 = 244,7mm
ng knh vng chn rng theo bng 3.2 [2]

d f 1 = d1 2,5m = 80,6 2,5.3 = 73,1mm

d f 2 = d 2 2,5m = 238,7 2,5.3 = 231,2mm
Vn tc vng ca bnh rng theo cng thc 6-40 [2]
v=

.d1n2 .80, 6.1460

=
= 6,16m / s
60000
60000

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Theo bng 6.13tr106 [tc] ta chn cp chnh xc ch to cho bnh rng l cp 8 vi

vgh = 10 m/s
Cc h s ti trng tnh
H s ti trng ng bng 6.5[1]
KHV = 1,07
KFV = 1,23
H s ti trng khng u gia cc rng bng 6.11[1]
KH = 1,13
KF = 1,37
H s trng khp ngang trc

1
1

1
1
o
= 1,88 3, 2 + cos = 1,88 3, 2 +
cos14, 6 = 1,51
26 77

Z1 Z 2

H s trng khp dc trc

=

bw Sin
m.

bw = ba .aw1 = 0, 25.160 = 40(mm )

40.Sin14, 6o
= 1, 07 1
3.

Kim nghim v bn tip xc.

H =

Vi :

Z .Z H .Z

2.T1.K H .K HV .K H (u + 1)

d w1

bw .u

ZH H s xt n nh hng ca hnh dng b mt tip xc

ZH =

2 cos
2 cos14, 6o
=
= 1, 71
sin 2atw
s in(2.20,61)0

Z - H s xt n nh hng tng chiu di tip xc

Z =

1
1
=
= 0,81

1,51

6.61[1]

Z - H s xt n c tnh vt liu lm bnh rng

Z =

2.E1 E2

E2 ( 1 12 ) + E1 ( 1 22 )

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C hai bnh u bng thp nn mun n hi ca vt liu lm bnh rng E1 = E2 =

2,1.105 MPa
H s poisson ca vt liu lm bnh rng 1 = 2 = 0,3
Z = 275 (MPa)1/2

Vy

H =
=

Z .Z H .Z

2.T1.K H .K HV .K H (u + 1)

d w1

bw .u

275.1, 71.0,81 2.58869,86.1, 03.1, 07.1,13. ( 2,97 + 1)

= 330,81MPa 2
80, 6
40.2,97

H = 330,81 MPa <

[ H ] =490,91 MPa

Vy bn tip xc c tha
Tnh ton kim tra gi tr ng sut un
S rng tng ng
z1
26
=
= 28, 69
3
3
cos cos (14, 6o )
z2
77
zv2 =
=
= 84, 97
3
3
cos cos (14, 6o )
zv1 =

H s dng rng
YF1 = 3, 47 +

13, 2
13, 2
= 3, 47 +
= 3,93
zv1
28, 69

YF2 = 3, 47 +

13, 2
13, 2
= 3, 47 +
= 3, 63
Z2
84,97

6.80[1]

c tnh so snh bn cc rng:

Bnh dn :

[ F1 ] = 277, 71 = 70, 66

Bnh b dn :

[ F 2 ] = 267, 43 = 73,67

YF 1

YF 2

3, 93

3, 63

Do bn bnh dn thp hn, nn ta kim tra bn un theo bnh dn

ng sut un tnh ton:

Trang 35

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GVHD: Xun Ph

F =
1

2.T1 .K F .Y .Y .YF1
bw1 .d w1 .m

[ F ]

6.43[2]

K F = K F .K F .KF = 1, 08.1, 23.1,37= 1,81

Y =

1
1
=
= 0, 66 H s xt n nh hng ca trng khp ngang
1,51

Y = 1

F1 =

O
14, 6
= 1
= 0,9 H s k n nghing rng
140
140

2.58869,86.1,81.0, 66.0,9.3,93
= 51, 44 F1 = 277, 71(MPa )
40.80, 6.3

F1 = 51, 44 F 1 = 277, 71( MPa)

V :

Nn bn un c tha mn.

Tnh lc tc dng ln trc

Lc vng trn bnh rng nh theo cng thc 6-16 [1]

Ft1 =

2T1 2.58869,86
=
= 1460,8N
d1
80,6

Lc vng trn bnh rng ln theo cng thc 6-16 [1]

Ft 2 =

2T2 2.168821,96
=
= 1414,51N
d2
238,7

Lc hng tm trn bnh rng nh theo cng thc 6-17 [1]

Ft1tg n 1460,8tg 20 o
Fr1 =
=
= 549,43N
cos
cos14,6 o
Lc hng tm trn bnh rng ln theo cng thc 6-17 [1]

Ft 2tg n 1414,51tg 20 o
Fr 2 =
=
= 532,02N
cos
cos14,6 o
Lc dc trc trn bnh rng nh theo cng thc 6-18 [1]

Fa1 = Ft1.tg n = 1460,8.tg 20o = 531,69 N

Lc dc trc trn bnh rng ln theo cng thc 6-18 [1]

Fa 2 = Ft 2 .tg n = 1414,51.tg 20o = 514,83N

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Cc thng s, kch thc, lc ca b truyn bnh rng cp nhanh

Khong cch trc aw

160

mm

Mdun php m

mm

Chiu rng vnh rng bnh b dn bw2

40

mm

Chiu rng vnh rng bnh dn bw2

45

mm

T s truyn u

2.97

mm

S rng bnh 1

26

rng

S rng bnh 2

77

rng

ng knh vng ln 1 dw1

80,6

mm

ng knh vng ln 2 dw2

238,7

mm

ng knh vng nh 1 d1

86,6

mm

ng knh vng nh 2 d2

244,7

mm

ng knh vng chn rng 1 df1

73,1

mm

ng knh vng chn rng 2 df2

231,2

mm

Gc nghing

= 14,60

Gc n khp

tw = 20,61o

Lc vng trn bnh nh Ft1

1460,8

Lc vng trn bnh ln Ft2

1414,51

Lc hng tm trn bnh nh Fr1

549,43

Lc hng tm trn bnh ln Fr2

532,02

Lc dc trc trn bnh nh Fa1

Lc dc trc trn bnh ln Fa2

531,69
514,83

N
N

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CHNG 5
CHN KHP NI TRC
5.1 Tm hiu v chn khp ni
5.1.1 Khi nim
Khp ni (cn gi l ni trc, ly hp, khp ni trc) l cm chi tit my
dng ni cc trc( hoc cc chi tit quay), truyn chuyn ng v cng sut.
nh khp ni, ta ni c trc ng tm, hi lch tm hoc nghing vi nhau mt gc
no . Ngoi chc nng chnh l truyn mmen xon th khp ni dng ng
m cc c cu, gim rung ng v va p, ngn nga qu ti, iu chnh tc .
5.1.2 Phn loi
5.1.2.1 Ni trc cht
c im ca ni trc cht l dng ni cng cc u trc c ng tm trn cng
mt ng thng v khng di chuyn tng i vi nhau. Ni trc cht c cu to
n gim nhng i hi ch to, lp ghp chnh xc.
a. Ni trc ng
Cu to bi mt ng thp hoc gang lng vo on cui ca hai trc v ghp vi
trc bng cht hoc then hoa. Ni trc ng ch dng ni cc trc c ng knh
nh (khng qu 60-70mm). Ni trc ng rt n gin v r. Tuy nhin khi lp cn
c khong di chuyn dc trc ln v yu cu cao v chnh xc ca v tr u trc,
nu khng s xut hin lc un trc.
b. Ni trc a
Ni trc a bao gm hai a c may, mi a lp ln on cui ca mi trc
bng mi ghp then. Hai na a c ni ghp vi nhu bng bulong. Bulng c
lp c khe h hoc khng c khe h. trong trng hp lp c khe h momen c
truyn t a ny sang a khc nh lc ma st sinh ra trn mt ghp hai a do lc
xit bulng. Trng hp lp khng c khe h mmen xon c truyn trc tipqua
thn bulng. Trong trng hp ny trc v s chu lc ln pht sinh sau khi lp
hai na khp vi nhau.
5.1.2.2 Ni trc b

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Ni trc b dng ni cc u trc c sai lch v v tr tng i gia cc

u trc; lch dc trc, lch gc, lch tm hay lch tng hp, nh kh
nng di ng gia cc chi tit cng trong ni trc b
a. Ni trc rng
Ni trc rng c kch thc nh, kh nng truyn ti cao, cho php lm vic vi vn
tc ln v c tnh cng ngh cao. Ni trc rng c dng kh rng ri nht l trong
cng nghip nng. Tuy nhin ch to rt kh khn v gi thnh t.
b. Ni trc xch
Ni trc xch c kt cu n gin, dng xch ch to sn theo tiu chun, kch thc
ni trc khng ln (khi cng truyn mmen xon th kch thc nh hn ni trc
vng n hi 1,5ln ). Khi tho lp khng cn dch chuyn trc. Tuy nhin, nii trc
xch khng chu c va p v ch lm vic mt chiu.
5.1.2.3 Ni trc n hi
Nh b phn n hi cho nn ni trc n hi c kh nng: gim va p v chn
ng, phng cng hng do dao ng xon gy nn v b li lch trc. Ni
trc c b phn n hi bng vt liu khng kim loi r v n gin, v vy n c
dng truyn mmen xon nh v trung bnh. Khi gi tr mmen xon ln, thng
dng ni trc c b phn n hi l kim loi.
Ni trc vng n hi
Ni trc n hi c cu to tng t nh ni trc a nhng thay bulng bng cht
c bc vng n hi. c cu to n gin, d thay th, lm vic tin cy, do c
s dng rng ri.
Ni trc v n hi
Thng thng vng n hi 1 c ch to bng cao su v bn trong c gia c c
kp cht ln hai na khp 5 nh vt 6 v a 3. Loi khp ny c u im l c th
ni cc u trc c sai lch v v tr tng i ln, di chuyn trc

3-6mm, c

kh nng gim chn tt. Ni trc ny c kt cu n gin, lp ghp thun tin, tuy
nhin kch thc khun kh ln v tui th thp.
Ni trc n hi vi a hnh sao
Cu to ca loi ni trc ny c cu to ging nh ni trc ch thp, ch khc l a
gia c dng hnh sao lm bng cao su. Ni trc c cu to n gin so vi ni trc
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n hi, lch tm cho php t n 0,2mm nhng lch gc c th ln n

1o30 l loi ni trc c dng ni cc u trc c ng knh 12-45mm.
Vy t nhng u im phn tch trn v iu kin lm vic ca h thng
vi mmen xon khng cao nn ta chn loi khp s dng trong h thng l
ni trc vng n hi.
5.2 Tnh v chn khp ni
Tnh chn khp ni gia trc v ng c.
Mmen xon cn truyn gia hai trc l

T = T1 = 59,14Nm
Mmen tnh theo cng thc 14-1 [1]

Tt = kT1 = 1,5.59,14 = 88.71Nm

Theo bng 14.1 [1] ta chn k=1,5
Do trong qu trnh lp ghp khng th m bo ng tm nn gy ra ti trng
ph Fnt = ( 0,1 0,3) Ft , vi Ft- lc vng tc dng ln vng n hi. Kch thc ca
trc n hi tra theo phc lc 11.5 (Bi Tp Chi Tit My- Nguyn Hu Lc) ta
chn ni trc n hi d=16mm, D0=58mm, dm=30mm, l1=15mm, l2=22, c=3
D=(3,5-4)d=100mm.
Kch thc cht:
dc=10mm, lc=19m, ren M8, z=4
Kch thc ng cao su
do=19mm, l0=15mm
Chn vt liu ni trc bng gang xm GX 21-40; cht bng thp 45 thng ha;
vng n hi bng cao su.
ng sut dp cho php gia cht v vng cao su d = (2 3) Mpa
ng sut un cho php ca cht u = (60 80) Mpa
Kim tra bn dp gia cht v vng cao su theo cng thc 14-14 [1]:

d =

2kT1
[ d ]
zDod clo

2.1,5.59,14.103
=
= 2,89 Mpa < [ d ]
6.68.15.10

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Vy vng n hi m bo iu kin dp
Kim tra bn un ca cht theo cng thc 14-15 [1]

u =

kT1lc
[ u ]
0,1d c3 Do z

1,5.59,14.103.19
=
= 41,3Mpa < [ u ]
0,1.103.68.6
Vy cht m bo iu kin un.
Kt lun: m bo bn dp ca vng n hi v bn un ca cht

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CHNG 6
TNH TON THIT K TRC V THEN
6.1 nh ngha
Trc l chi tit my cc chi tit quay, truyn mmen xon hoc thc hin c
hai nhim v trn.
6.2 Chn vt liu
La chn vt liu v phng php nhit luyn trc c xc nh theo nhng tiu
chun v kh nng lm vic ca trc. Cc vt liu ch to trc ch yu l: thp
cacbon v thp hp kim v chng c c tnh c cao, c kh nng tng bn v d
dng nhn c cc phi hnh tr bng phng php cn.
- a s cc trc dng thp cacbon v thp hp kim C45, 40Cr nhit luyn
- i vi cc trc chu ng sut ln v trc s dng trong cc my mc quan
trng, dng thp hp kim: 40CrNi, 40CrNi2MoA, 30CrMnTi Trc ch to t cc
loi thp ny thng c ti ci thin sau ram nhit cao.
- i vi cc trc quay nhanh v trc l trt th i hi ngng trc phi
c rn cao, thng c ch to t thp thm cacbon: 20Cr, 12CrNi3A,
18CrMnTi, hay l thp thm nit nh 38Cr2MoAlA.
Theo yu cu hp gim tc chu ti trng nh v trung bnh vt liu ch to l
thp 45 thng ho ch to
6.3 Tnh trc u vo (truyn t ng c vo hp gim tc)
6.3.1 Thit k s b theo momen xon
Do trong qu trnh lp ghp khp ni truyn chuyn ng t ng c vo hp
gim tc khng m bo ng tm nn gy ra ti trng ng ph

Fnt = ( 0,1 0,3) Ft

-

Ft1 =

Trong Ft - Lc vng tc dng ln vng n hi theo cng thc 6-16 [1]

2T1 2.58869,86
=
= 1460,8N
d1
80,6

=> Fnt =292.16

Chn vt liu ch to l thp 45 thng ha c ng sut cho php [ ] = 20Mpa
Tnh s b ng knh trc t cng thc 10-12 [1]

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d=3

GVHD: Xun Ph

5T1 3 5.58869,86
=
= 24,5 (mm)
20
[ ]

Theo bng 10.2 [3] ta chn

d=25mm
bo=17mm
Chiu dy may bnh rng:l m13 =b w1 =69mm
Chiu dy may khp ni tnh theo cng thc 10.13[2] lm12=35mm
Chiu di khong cngxn (khong cha) theo cng thc 10.14[2] v bng 10.4[2]
lc12=0,5(lm12+b0)+k3+hn=0.5(49+17)+15+17=65=-l 12
l 13 = 0,5(l m13 + b0 ) + k1 + k 2 = 0,5(69 +17 ) +10 +10 = 63
l 11 = 2l13 = 2 x63 = 126
Chiu di khong cch gia cc ln l11=126
AB = 126 (mm)
AD = 65 (mm)
AC = 63 (mm)
BC= 63 (mm)
Mmen do lc dc trc gy ra M a1 =
R Ay =

Fa1 d1
531 ,69 x80 ,6
=
= 21427 ,107
2
2

M a1 + Fr1 AC 21427 ,107 + 549 ,43 x 63

=
= 444 ,77
AB
126

R By =
R Bx =

M a1 + Fr1 BC 21427 ,107 + 549 ,43 x63

=
= 104 ,658
AB
126

Ft1 . AC + Fnt xAD 1460 ,8 x63 + 292 ,16 x65

=
= 881 ,11
AB
126

R Ax = Ft1 Fnt R Bx = 1460 ,8 292 ,16 881 ,11 = 287 ,53

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GVHD: Xun Ph
B

Fnt

Fa
Fr
Ft

Rby

Fr

Ray

Ma

56041,02
34613,913

Fnt

Rbx

Ft

Rax

92031,34

55802,56

Theo biu th mmen ti mt ct nguy him nht l ti C

M td =

M x2 + M y2 + 0,75 T 2 = 56041 ,02 2 + 92031 ,34 2 + 0.75 .58869 ,86 2 =119204 ,06

Xc nh chnh xc kch thc trc theo cng thc 10.15[1] :

d 3

M td
119204, 06
= 3
= 26,1
0,1[ ]
0,1.67

[ ] - ng sut cho php ch to trc, tra theo bng 10.5[2]

Chn ng knh trc ra l d=30mm
Chn dC=35mm
Chn then theo ph lc 9.1v 9.5 [2] ta c :
b=8
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h=7
t1=4
t2=2,8
r=0,25-0,4
l=36
= 100Mpa
d

[ c ] = 20-30 Mpa
Kim nghim sc bn dp ca then theo cng thc 9.1[2]
d =

2T1
[ d ]
dt1l

=> d =

2.58869,86
= 27, 25 [ td ]
30.4.36

Kim nghim iu kin ct ca then theo cng thc 9.2[2]

2T1
[ c ]
dbl
2.58869,86
=> c =
= 13, 62 [ c ]
30.8.36

c =

Vy then m bo iu kin lm vic

i vi on trc lp khp ni ta chn d=25nn cng chn then nh trn
b=8
h=7
t1=4
t2=2,8
r=0,25-0,4
l=36
= 100Mpa
d

[ c ] = 20-30 Mpa
[ d ] = 100 MPa
[ c ] = 20-30 Mpa
Kim nghim sc bn dp ca then theo cng thc 9.1[2]

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2T1
[ d ]
dt1l

d =

=> d =

2.58869,86
= 32, 7 [ td ]
25.4.36

Kim nghim iu kin ct ca then theo cng thc 9.2[2]

2T1
[ c ]
dbl
2.58869,86
=> c =
= 16,35 [ c ]
25.8.36

c =

Vy then m bo iu kin lm vic

6.3.2 Tnh ton bn trc v bn mi
Theo biu th tit din nguy him nht ti v tr C
-

Momen un ti C

Mc =

M x2 + M y2 = 56041 ,02 2 + 92031 ,34 2 =107751 ,39

Momen xon ti C

T=58869,86Mpa

= 0,4 0,5) = 240MPa

1 (
b

= 0, 22 0,25) = 132MPa
1 (
b

Theo cng thc 10.26 [1]:

d 3 bt1 (d t1) 2
W =

= 1609 ,05
32
d

Theo cng thc 10.22 [1]:

a =

M
107751 ,39
=
= 66 ,95
W
1609 ,5

Theo cng thc 10.26 [1]:

W =

d 3 bt1 (d t1) 2

= 4259 ,76
16
d

Theo cng thc 10.23 [1]:

=

T
58869 ,86
=
= 13 ,82
W0
4259 ,76

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a =m =

GVHD: Xun Ph

13,82
= 6,91
2

m = 0

Theo bng 10.8 [1] ta chn K = 1,75

K = 1,5

Theo bng 10.3 [1] ta chn = 0,91

= 0,89

Theo H2.9 [1] ta chn = 0,05 = 0,025

-

Xc nh h s an ton ti C theo cng thc 10.19 [1]

1

K a
+ m

= 1,864

Theo cng thc 10.20 [1]:

=

K a
+ m

= 11,168

H s an ton theo cng thc 10.18 [1]:

=

+
2

1,864.11,168
1,864 2 + 11,168 2

20,8
= 1,83 2,5
11,32

Vy iu kin bn mi ca trc ti C c tha

6.4 Tnh trc trung gian
6.4.1 Thit k s b theo mmen xon
Chn vt liu ch to l thp 45 thng ha c ng sut cho php [ ] = 20Mpa
Tnh s b ng knh trc d = 3

5T2 3 5.168821,96
=
= 34,8 (mm)
20
[ ]

Theo bng 10.2[2] ta chn

d=35mm
bo=21mm
Chiu dy may bnh rng tr ln: b1 =l m 22 =64mm
Chiu dy bnh rng tr nh :

b23 =45mm

Tra bng 10.4[2] ta tnh cc khong cch sau:

l 22 = 0,5(l m 22 + b0 ) + l 4 + k 2 = 62 ,5

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l 23 = l11 + l32 + k1 + b0 = 210 ,5

l 21 = l 23 + l32 = 264
AB=264
AD=62,5
DC=148
BC=53.5
Mmen do lc dc trc gy ra
M a2 =

Fa 2 d1 514 ,83 x 238 ,7

=
= 64667 ,41
2
2

M a3 =

Fa1 d1 531,69 x80 ,6

=
= 21427 ,107
2
2

Xc nh cc phn lc ti cc ln

R Ay =

Fr 2 BD + Fr 3 BC M 2 + M 3 532 ,02 .201,5 + 549 ,43 .53,5 64667 ,41 + 21427 ,107
=
= 353,62
AB
264

RBy =

Fr 2 AD + Fr 3 AC + M 2 M 3 532 ,02 .62,5 + 549 ,43 .210 ,5 + 64667 ,41 21427 ,07
=
= 727 ,828
AB
264

R Ax =

Ft 2 BD Ft 3 BC 201,5.1414 ,51 1460 ,8.53,5

=
= 783 ,6
AB
264

R Bx =

Ft 2 AD + Ft 3 AC 62,5.1414 ,51 +1460 ,8.210 ,5

=
= 829 ,89
AB
264

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Fr2

Fa2
A

Ft2

Fr3
Ft3

Fr2

Ray

Fa3

Ma2

Fr3

Rby

Ma3

29394,473
50821,58

93356,2
158023,61

Ft3

Ft2

Rax

Rbx

78153,365

206870,4

Qua biu mmen ta nhn thy tit din nguy him nht l ti D
Tng mmen un tit din D
M td = M x2 + M y2 +0,75 T 2 = 158023 ,61 2 + 206870 ,4 2 +0.75 .168821 ,96 2 = 298566 ,753

MD=

M x2 + M y2 = 260320 ,6

Xc nh chnh xc kch thc trc theo cng thc 10.15[1] :

d 3

M td
=
0,1[ ]

298566, 753
= 35, 45
0,1.67

Chn ng knh trc ra l d=35mm

Chn ng knh trc lp bnh rng l d=40mm
Chn then theo ph lc 9.1 v 9.5[2] ta c
b = 12 mm

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h = 8 mm
t1 = 5 mm
t2 = 3,3 mm
r = 0,25-0,4

[ d ] = 100 Mpa
c = 15-30 Mpa

i vi on trc lp bnh rng cp nhanh ta chn then c chiu di l=32

d =

=> d =

2T1
[ d ]
dt1l

2.168821,96
= 60, 29 [ td ]
35.5.32

2T1
[ c ]
dbl
2.168821,96
=> c =
= 25,122 [ c ]
35.12.32

c =

i vi on trc lp bnh rng cp chm ta chn then c chiu di l=40

d =

=> d =

2T1
[ d ]
d (h t1)l

2.168821,96
= 80,39 [ td ]
35.3.40

2T1
[ c ]
dbl
2.168821,96
=> c =
= 20, 09 [ c ]
36.12.40

c =

6.4.2 Tnh ton kim nghim

= 600MPa
b

= ( 0,4 0,5) = 240MPa

b

= ( 0, 22 0, 25) =132MPa
b

Theo cng thc 10.26 [1]:

W=

d 3 bt1 (d t1) 2

= 2666 ,383
32
d

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Theo cng thc 10.22 [1]:

a =

M
260320 ,6
=
= 97 ,63
W
2666 ,383

Theo cng thc 10.26 [1]:

W0 =

d 3 bt1 (d t1) 2

= 6875 ,63
16
d

Theo cng thc 10.24 [1]:

=

T
168821 ,96
=
= 24 ,55
W0
6875 ,63

a = m =

24 ,55
= 12 ,275
2

m = 0

Theo bng 10.8[1] ta chn K = 1,75

K = 1,5

Theo bng 10.3 [1] ta chn = 0,88

= 0,81

Theo H2.9[1] ta chn = 0,05 = 0,025

Theo H2.7[1] h s tng bn b mt khi c mi tinh =1
-

Xc nh h s an ton ti D theo cng thc 10.19 [1]

K a
+ m

= 1,236

Theo cng thc 10.20 [1]:

=

K m
+ m

= 5,73

H s an ton theo cng thc 10.18 [1]:

=

2 + 2

1,236 .5,73
1,236 2 + 5,73 2

=1,2 2,5

Vy iu kin bn mi ca trc ti D c tha

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6.5 Thit k trc ra

6.5.1 Thit k s b theo mmen xon
Chn vt liu ch to l thp 45 thng ha c ng sut cho php [ ] = 20Mpa
Tnh s b ng knh trc d = 3

5T3 3 5.484077, 45
=
= 49, 46 (mm)
20
[ ]

Chn d =50
Chn b0=27
Chiu dy may bnh rng l m 32 = b=40mm
Chiu dy may a xch l x = (1,2 1,5)d = 60mm
l c 33 = 0,5(l m33 + b0 ) + k 3 + h3 =73,5
l 32 = 0,5(l m32 + b0 ) + k1 + k 2 = 53 ,5
l 31 = 2l 32 = 107
l 33 = l 31 + l c 33 = 107 + 73 ,5 = 180 ,5
AB=107
AD=53,5
AC=180,5
DB=53,5
BC=73,5
Mmen do lc dc trc gy ra
M4 =

Fa 2 d 2 541,83.238, 7
=
= 64667, 4
2
2

Lc xch tc dng ln trc:F x = 4800 ,25

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GVHD: Xun Ph

Z
X

Ray
Ma4

Fr4

Rby

Fx

591576,45

656243,85
659142,99

Ft4

Rax

Rbx

75676,285

R Ay =

M a 4 Fr 4 BD + Fx BC 64667 ,4 532 ,02 .53,5 + 4800 ,25 .73,5

=
= 3635 ,7
AB
107

R By =

M a 4 + Fr 4 AD + Fx AC 64667 ,4 + 532 ,02 .53,5 + 4800 ,25 .180 ,5

=
= 8967 ,99
AB
107

R Ax =

Ft 4 BD 1414 ,51 .53,5

=
= 707 ,255
AB
107

R Bx =

Ft 4 AD 1414 ,51 .53,5

=
= 707 ,255
AB
107

Xc nh chnh xc khong cch trc theo cng thc 10.15 [1]:

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d 3

GVHD: Xun Ph

td
0,1[ ]

Qua biu mmen ta nhn thy tit din nguy him nht l D
Theo cng thc 10.14 [1]:
M td =

MD=

M x2 + M y2 + 0,75 T 2 = 656243 ,85 2 + 75676 ,285

+ 0.75 .484077 ,45 2 = 782388 ,08

M x2 + M y2 = 660592 ,83

Xc nh chnh xc kch thc trc theo cng thc 10.15[1] :

d 3

M td
=
0,1[ ]

782388, 08
= 48,878
0,1.67

Chn ng knh trc ra l d=50mm

Chn ng knh trc lp bnh rng l d=55mm
Chn then theo ph lc 9.1 v 9.5[2] ta c
b = 16 mm
h = 10 mm
t1 = 6 mm
t2 = 4,3 mm
r = 0,25-0,4

[ d ] = 100 Mpa
c = 15-30 Mpa

i vi on trc lp bnh rng ta chn then c chiu di l=45

d =

=> d =

2T1
[ d ]
dt1l

2.484077, 45
= 71, 715 [ td ]
50.6.45

2T1
[ c ]
dbl
2.484077, 45
=> c =
= 26,89 [ c ]
50.16.45

c =

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GVHD: Xun Ph

i vi on trc lp xch ta chn d=45mm

Chn then
b=14
h=9
t1=5,5
t2=3,3
r=0,25
l=63
d =

=> d =

2T1
[ d ]
d (h t1)l

2.484077, 45
= 97,57 [ td ]
45.3,5.63

2T1
[ c ]
dbl
2.484077, 45
=> c =
= 24, 39 [ c ]
45.14 x63

c =

6.5.2 Tnh ton kim nghim trc

= 600MPa
b

= ( 0,4 0,5) = 240MPa

b

= ( 0, 22 0, 25) =132MPa
b

Theo cng thc 10.26 [1]:

W =

d 3 bt1 (d t1) 2

= 8554,726
32
d

Theo cng thc 10.22 [1]:

a =

M
660592 ,83
=
= 77 ,22
W
8554 ,726

Theo cng thc 10.26 [1]:

W0 =

d 3 bt1 (d t1) 2

= 20826 ,57
16
d

Theo cng thc 10.24 [1]:

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GVHD: Xun Ph

T
484077 ,45
=
= 23 ,243
W0
20826 ,57

a =m =

23,243
= 11,62
2

m = 0

Theo bng 10.8[1] ta chn K = 1,75

K = 1,5

Theo bng 10.3 [1] ta chn = 0,88

= 0,81

Theo H2.9[1] ta chn = 0,05 = 0,025

Theo H2.7[1] h s tng bn b mt khi c mi tinh =1
-

Xc nh h s an ton ti C theo cng thc 10.19 [1]

K a
+ m

= 1,56

Theo cng thc 10.20 [1]:

=

K a
+ m

= 6,05

H s an ton theo cng thc 10.18 [1]:

=

+
2

1,56 .6,05
1,56 2 + 6,05 2

=1,51 2,5

Vy iu kin bn mi ca trc ti D c tha

CHNG 7
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CHN LN
7.1 Cc thng s ca ln.
Trn mi trc ta chn cng mt loi ln v c ly theo ln ln nht;
Trn trc I

RB

RA

Tng hp lc tc
dng ln cc gi :
RA =
RB =

2
2
R Ay
+ R Ax
= 287 ,53 2 + 444 ,77 2 = 529 ,6

2
2
RBy
+ RBx
= 104 ,658

+881 ,11 2 = 887 ,3

ng knh cn chn ln d=30mm

Ta c R B >R A nn ta tnh gi ti B
Ti trng tng ng theo cng thc 11.30[1] Q = ( KV .R + M . At ) Kn Kt
Trong :

Kt = 1 ti trng tnh
Kn = 1 nhit lm vic di 100 0C
Kv = 1 khi vng trong ca quay

V lc dc trc At = 0 nn Q = RB = 887,3 (N) = 0,8873 (kN)

Vi s vng quay ca trc n = 1460(vg/ph); h = 14400 (gi)
C = Q. 3 L = 0,8873 3

60 .1460 .14400
= 9,58 (kN) cng thc 11.1[2]
10 6

Tra bng P2.7 chn ln c c bit nh,va, k hiu 106 vi C bng = 10,4 kN; d =
30mm;
B = 13mm ng knh ngoi D = 55 mm ch vt r = 1,5 mm
Trn trc II
A

RA

RB

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Tng hp lc tc dng ln cc gi :
RA =

2
2
R Ay
+ R Ax
= 353 ,622

+ 783 ,6 2 = 859 ,69

RB =

2
2
RBy
+ RBx
= 727 ,828

+829 ,89 2 =1103 ,83

ng knh cn chn ln d=35mm

Ta c RB >RA nn ta tnh gi ti B
Ti trng tng ng Q = ( KV .R + M . At ) Kn Kt (N)
Trong :

Kt = 1 ti trng tnh
Kn = 1 nhit lm vic di 100 0C
Kv = 1 khi vng trong ca quay

V lc dc trc At = 0 nn Q = RB =1103,83 N
Vi s vng quay ca trc n = 491,58 (vg/ph); h=14400 (gi)
C = Q. 3 L = 1,10383 3

60 .491 ,58 .14400

= 8,29 (kN)
10 6

Tra bng P2.7 [2] chn ln c c bit nh hp, k hiu 107 vi Cbng = 7,74 kN;
d =35mm ;
B = 9 mm; ng knh ngoi D = 62 mm ch vt r = 0,5 mm
Trn trc III:

A
Tng
lc

RA

RB

hp
tc

dng ln cc gi :
RA =

2
2
R Ay
+ R Ax
= 3635 ,7 2 +707 ,255

RB =

2
2
RBy
+ R Bx
= 8967 ,99 2 + 707 ,255

= 3703 ,85
2

= 8995 ,83

ng knh cn chn ln d = 50mm

Ta c RB > RA nn ta tnh gi ti B
Ti trng tng ng Q = ( KV .R + M . At ) Kn Kt (N)

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Trong :

GVHD: Xun Ph

Kt = 1 ti trng tnh
Kn = 1 nhit lm vic di 100 0C
Kv = 1 khi vng trong ca quay

V lc dc trc At = 0 nn Qb = RB = 8995,83 N
Vi s vng quay ca trc n = 165,52 (vg/ph); h=14400 (gi)
C = Q.

L = 8,99583 3

60 .165 ,5214400
= 47 ,04 (kN)
10 6

Tra bng P2.7 chn ln c nng k hiu 410 vi Cbng = 68,5;

d = 50mm; B = 31

mm ng knh ngoi D = 130mm ch vt r = 3,5 mm

7.2. Chn kiu lp ln:

ln lm vic tt, m bo khng trt khi trc lm vic, ta chn lp
vo trc theo h l, vo v hp theo h trc.
7.3. Bi trn ln:
B phn c bi trn bng m, v vn tc bnh rng thp, khng th dng
phng php bn to ht du vo trong hp vo bi trn b phn . C th dng
m loi T ng vi nhit lm vic t 60 100 0C v vn tc di 1500 vng/pht
(bng 8-28)[2]
Lng m cha 2/3 ch rng ca b phn . m khng chy ra ngoi v
ngn khng cho du ri vo b phn , nn lm vng chn du.
7.4. Che kn ln:
che kn cc u trc ra, trnh s xm nhp ca bi bm v tp cht vo ,
cng nh ngn m chy ra ngoi, y dng loi vng pht l n gin nht :
Da vo bng 8.29[2] ta chn c cc thng s sau:
Vng pht

d1

d2

S0

trc
I
III

30
50

31
51,5

29
49

43
69

6
9

4,3
6,5

9
12

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 n Chi Tit My

GVHD: Xun Ph

Vng chn du

Kch thc vng chn du

Cc trc
Trc I
Trc II
Trc III

D
30
35
50

d1

d2

30
35
50

55
62
130

t
3
3
3

a
9
9
9

b
6
6
6

Bng thng s trc I

Thng s
ng knh trc dI
ng knh tit din nguy him
Chiu di may bnh rng trn trc
Khong cng xong (khong cha) trn trc l12
Khong cch t trung im may ln th I v bnh
rng l13
Khong cch t trung im may hai ln th I v II l11
Chiu dy ln trn trc B01

Tr s (mm)
30
d C : 35
69
65
63
126
13

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Bng thng s trc II

Thng s

Tr s (mm)

ng knh trc dII

35

ng knh tit din nguy him

d D : 40
Bnh ln: 64

Chiu di may bnh rng trn trc

Bnh nh: 45

Khong cch t trung im may ln th III v bnh rng II:

l22
Khong cch t trung im may ln th III v bnh rng
IV: l23
Khong cch t trung im may ln th IV v bnh rng
III: l32
Chiu dy ln trn trc B02

62,5
210,5
53,5
9

Bng thng s trc III

Thng s
ng knh trc dIII
ng knh tit din nguy him
Chiu di may a xch
Chiu di may bnh rng trn trc
Khong cch t trung im cp ln trn trc : l31
Khong cch t ln n im t lc ca b xch ti
Chiu dy ln trn trc B02

Tr s (mm)
50
d D : 55
d :60
40
107
73.5
130

CHNG 8
CHN BULNG THN HP V CC CHI TIT PH KHC
V hp gim tc c th c nhiu dng khc nhau, nhng chng u c chung
nhim v: bo m v tr tng i gia cc chi tit v b phn my, tip nhn ti
trng do cc chi tit lp trn v truyn n, ng du bi trn, bo v cc chi tit
my trnh bi bm.
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GVHD: Xun Ph

Ch tiu c bn ca v hp gim tc l cng cao v khi lng nh.

Hp gim tc bao gm: thnh hp, np hoc gn, mt bch, gi

Vt liu ph bin nht dng c hp gim tc l gang xm GX15-32

Chn b mt ghp np v thn: song song mt

8.1 Xc nh cc kch thc ca v hp

Tn gi
Chiu dy

Biu thc tnh ton

- Thn hp

=0,03aw +3=7,8 chn 8mm

-Np hp

1=0,9 = 7,2 chn 8mm

Gn tng cng
-Chiu dy e

e=(0,81) = 6,4 8mm chn e = 8

-Chiu cao h

h<58 chn 40 mm

- dc

Khong 20

- ng knh

d1>0,04aw +10>12mm, chn d1 = 17 mm

- bu lng nn d1

d2=(0,70,8 )d1=11,9 13,6 mm, chn d2 =

- bu lng cnh d2

13mm

- bu lng np bch v thn d3

d3=(0,80,9)d2=10,4 11,7 mm , chn d3 =

- Vt ghp np d4

11mm

- Vt ghp np ca thm d5

d4=(0,6 0,7)d2 = 7,8 9,1 mm, chn d4 = 9 mm

d5=(0,5 0,6)d 2= 6,5 7,8 mm, chn d5 = 7 mm

Mt bch ghp np v thn

-chiu dy bch thn hp S3
-chiu dy bch np hp S4
-b rng np bch v thn K3

Cht nh v hnh cn

S3=(1,4 1,8)d3=15,4 19,8 mm chn S3 = 19

mm
S4=(0,9 1)S3=17,1 19 mm chn s4 = 18mm
K3=K2 - (3 5)mm=40mm
Tra bng 18-4b[2]
L = 40 mm , d = 8 mm , >1:50 d1 = 9,6 mm

Kch thc gi trc

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GVHD: Xun Ph

ng knh ngoi v tm l vt
tra bng 18.2[2]
trc 1

D=55mm;D2=70 mm;D3=85 mm

trc 2

D=62mm; D2=75 mm ;D3=90 mm

trc 3

D=130mm;D2=150 mm;D3=180 mm
S1 = (1,3 1,5)d1 = 22,1 25,5 mm, chn S1 =

Mt hp
Chiu dy khi khng c phn li S1
Khi c phn li : Dd, S1, S2

25 mm
Dd c xc nh theo ng knh dao khot
S1 = (1,4 1,7)d1 = 23,8 28,9 mm chn S1 = 28
mm

B rng mt hp K1 v q
Khong cch t tm bu lng cnh

n mp l

Tm l bu lng cnh E2
B rng mt ghp bu lng cnh
K2
Khe h gia cc chi tit

S2 = (1 1.1 )d1 = 17 18,7 mm chn S2 = 18

mm
K1 = 3d1 = 51 mm ;

q K1 + 2. = 68

K 1,2d2 = 15,6 mm , chn K = 16

E2=1,6 d2= 20,8 mm chn 21mm
R2=1.3d2=16,9 mm chn R2 = 17 mm
K2=E2+R2+(35)mm=43 mm

Bnh rng vi thnh trong hp

(1 1,2) =10mm

nh bnh rng ln vi y hp

1 (3 5) =40 mm

S lng bu lng nn

Z=

( B + L)
365 + 498
=
=4
(200 300) (200 300)

L ,B:l chiu di v chiu rng ca hp

8.2 Cc chi tit ph
Cc chi tit ph
+ Bulng vng (bng 18-3a, [2]): dng di nng hp gim tc khi lp rp
cng nh khi di chuyn hp t ni ny sang ni khc. Chn bulng M10

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+ Nt thng hi (bng 18-6, [2]): M27x2

Khi my lm vic, nhit trong hp tng ln, p sut trong hp cng tng
theo. gim p sut v khng kh trong hp ta dng nt thng hi, ng thi cng
l iu ha khng kh bn trong v bn ngoi hp

+ Nt tho du tr (bng 18-7, [2]) : M20x2

Sau mt thi gian lm vic, du bi trn trong hp b bn hoc bin cht, lm
nh hng n hiu qu bi trn, do cn thay du mi v x ht du c, lm
vic ny cn c nt tho du.

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GVHD: Xun Ph

+ Que thm du:

Dng kim tra mc du trong hp gim tc, m bo mc du lun
mc cho php cc chi tit c bi trn tt

CHNG 9
BNG DUNG SAI LP GHP
Vng trong ca ln lp trn trc theo h l, cn vng ngoi lp ln v theo h trc.

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Mi lp theo kiu H7/k6 l mi ghp trung gian c dng c nh cc chi tit

ghp vi nhau v cc chi tit ny nht thit phi c c nh thm bng then,
bulng, vt, cht, vng hm
Trc I
Kiu lp

Bnh rng-trc

Kiu lp

35

H7
k6

Trc II
Dung sai
Kiu lp
( m)
+25
0
+18
+2

40

Trc III
Dung
sai
( m)

H7
k6

+25
0
+18
+2

30

F8
k6

Np ln v
hp

+64
+25
+18
+2

35

F8
k6

+18
+2

Bnh ai trc

ln trc

55

H7
k6

25k6

Ni trc trc

Chn du trc

Dung sai
( m)

Kiu
lp

30k6

55

H7
e8

+18
+2
+30
0
-60
-106

+64
25
+18
+2

50

F8
k6

+18
+2
35k6

62

H7
e8

+18
+2
+30
0
-60
-106

+30
0
+21
+2
+15
+2
+76
30
+21
+2
+21
+2

50k6

130

H7
e8

+21
+2
+40
0
-85
-143

TI LIU THAM KHO

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1. Nguyn Hu Lc. C S Thit K My. NXB i Hc Quc Gia Tp.H Ch

Minh 2004.
2. Trnh cht. Tnh Ton Thit K H Dn ng C Kh, Tp 1 v 2. NXB
Gio Dc 2002
3. Ng Vn Quyt. n Mn Hc Chi Tit My. NXB Hi Phng 2007.
4. Trn Hu Qu, ng Vn C, Nguyn Vn Tun. V k Thut, Tp 1 v 2.
NXB Gio Dc 2003.
5. Ninh c Tn. Dung Sai V Lp Ghp. NXB Gio Dc 2004.

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