Mach VDK Dem San Pham (Do An)

Nguy e n v a n b i e nt b d 47@g ma i l.
c o m
lhAN ! !Y IhUY!I
0hU0N0 ! AN NhAl
! AI VAN !
Naa aaa caa vc| sa hat tr|ea caa cac aaah khca hcc ka thaat, ka thaat 1|ea ta matrca
1c la ka thaat sc 1ca va| trc caaa trca trca mc| l|ah vac khca hcc ka thaat, caaa l|, cca ah|e
ta 1ca hca, caa ca thca t|a Jc 1c chaa ta ha| aam |at va vaa Jaa ac mct cach cc h|ea
caa aham c haa vac sa hat tr|ea aea khca hcc ka thaat the |c| ac| chaa va trca sa hat
tr|ea ka thaat 1|ea ta ac| r|ea
Xaat hat ta ahaa 1ct 1| thac ta tct ah|e ta| aha maa va tham caaa cac Jcaah ah|e
saa xaat, chaa em 1a 1acc thaa ah|ea khaa 1acc ta 1ca hca trca caa tr|ah saa xaat Hct trca
ahaa khaa 1ca |aa trca Jaa chaaea saa xaat ta 1ca hca 1c la sc laca saa ham lam ra 1acc
1em mct cach ta 1ca
Iaa ah|ea 1c| vc| ahaa Jcaah ah|e vaa va ahc th| v|ec ta 1ca hca hcaa tcaa chaa 1acc
a Jaa trca ahaa khaa 1em saa ham, 1ca |ac || ma vaa cca sa Jaa ahaa cca
Ia ahaa 1|ea 1a 1acc thaa 1c va kha aaa caa chaa em, chaa em maca lam mct 1|ea |
ahc 1e c haa vac |a aac| lac 1ca |ct haa met ahcc chaa taa ma chc he taa h|ea saat
lac 1ca lea a ah|ea laa, 1ca thc| 1am |ac 1acc 1c ch|ah xac cac Nea chaa em caaet 1|ah th|et
ke mct mach 1em saa ham v| ac rat aa a| vc| thac te va ac that sa rat cc a ah|a 1c| vc| chaa
em v| 1a lam 1acc mct haa ahc 1ca c chc xa hc|
e lam 1acc mach aaa caa th|et ke 1acc ha| haa ch|ah la |c haa cam ||ea va |c haa
1em
` 8c haa cam ||ea cm haa hat va haa tha Ihca thaca aac| ta sa Jaa haa hat
la leJ hca aca| 1e hat ra aah saa hca aca| mac 1|ch 1e chca ah|ea sc vc| cac lca| aah saa
khac, cca haa tha la traas|stcr caaa 1e tha aah saa hca aca|
` 8c haa 1em cc ah|ea haca ha thac th| 1c la
!a mach Jaa ka thaat sc vc| cac !0 1em, chct, sc saah he la|
!a mach Jaa ka thaat v| xa l|
!a mach Jaa ka thaat v| 1|ea kh|ea
!! 0h0N lhU0N0 AN Ih!!I K!
1 Vc| mach 1em saa ham Jaa !0 rc| cc
0ac aa 1|em saa
0hc he taa h|ea saat lac 1ca
am |ac 1c ch|ah xac cac
Iaa sc 1a aa caa mach ahaah, chc he 1em vc| taa sc cac
Khcaa cach 1at haa hat va haa tha xa ahaa chc he 1em ahaa saa ham lca
Ica hac cca saat |e, mach cc the sa Jaa |a hcac acca
Kha aaa 1em rca
0|a thaah ha
Hach 1ca |aa Je thac h|ea
Vc| v|ec sa Jaa ka thaat sc khc cc the 1a aa 1acc v|ec thaa 1c| sc 1em Haca thaa 1c|
mct aea caa aac 1c caa mach th| |acc lca ha| thaa 1c| haa caac 1c mc| laa ha| la la|
mach Jaa 1ea tca kem ve k|ah te ma ah|ea kh| aea caa 1c khca thac h|ea 1acc |aa haca ha
aaa
Vc| sa hat tr|ea maah caa ahaah ka thaat sc 1ac ||et la chc ra 1c| cac hc v| xa l| va v|
1|ea kh|ea rat 1a chac aaa Jc 1c v|ec Jaa ka thaat v| xa l|, ka thaat v| 1|ea kh|ea 1a |a| caaet
ahaa |e tac va k|ah te hca ma haca ha Jaa !0 rc| ket ac| la| khca thac h|ea 1acc
Nguy e n v a n b i e nt b d 47@g ma i l. c o m
2 Vc| mach 1em saa ham Jaa ka thaat v| xa l|
Nca| ahaa aa 1|em aha 1a l|et ke trca haca ha Jaa !0 rc| th| mach 1em saa ham
Jaa ka thaat v| xa l| cca cc ahaa aa 1|em saa
Hach cc the thaa 1c| sc 1em mct cach l|ah hcat |aa v|ec thaa 1c| haa mem, trca kh| 1c
haa caa khca caa thaa 1c| ma mach Jaa !0 rc| khca the thac h|ea 1acc ma aea cc the thac
h|ea 1acc th| caa caa ahac ma aac| cca ahaa caa khc t|e caa, Je aham
9c l|ah k|ea sa Jaa trca mach |t hca
Hach 1ca |aa hca sc vc| mach 1em saa ham Jaa !0 rc| va cc haa ca| 1at sc 1em |aa
1aa
Hach cc the laa la| sc l|ea caa cac ca saa xaat
Hach cc the 1|ea kh|ea 1em 1acc ah|ea Jaa chaaea saa xaat caa lac |aa haa mem
Hach caa cc the ket ac| |ac t|e 1acc vc| maa t|ah th|ch hc chc ahaa aac| caaa l| ta|
hca ka thaat aam |at 1acc t|ah h|ah saa xaat caa maa h|ah caa maa v| t|ah
Nhaa trca th|et ke aac| ta thaca chca haca ha tc| aa ahaa k|ah te Jc 1c chaa em
chca haca ha 1em saa ham Jaa ka thaat v| 1|ea kh|ea
lhaca ha 1em saa ham Jaa v| 1|ea kh|ea
Nca| ahaa aa 1|em cc 1acc caa ha| haca ha trea, haca ha aaa cca cc ahaa aa
1|em
Irca mach cc the sa Jaa aaa |c ahc trca 1c| vc| ahaa chaca tr|ah cc caa mc ahc, rat
t|ea lc| ma v| xa l| khca thac h|ea 1acc
Nc cc the |ac t|e ac| t|e trac t|e vc| maa t|ah ma v| xa l| caa |ac t|e 1acc vc| maa
t|ah ahaa la |ac t|e sca sca aea caa cc l|ah k|ea chaaea 1c| Ja l|ea ta sca sca saa ac| t|e
1e |ac t|e vc| maa t|ah
!!! HU0 l0h Y!U 0AU 0UA ! IA!
Irca 1c aa aaa chaa em thac h|ea mach 1em saa ham |aa haca ha 1em xaa Nha
vaa mc| saa ham 1| caa trea |aa chaaea ha| cc mct th|et || 1e cam ahaa saa ham, th|et || aaa
c| la cam ||ea Kh| mct saa ham 1| caa cam ||ea se ahaa va tac ra mct xaa 1|ea 1aa ve khc| xa
l| 1e taa Jaa sc 1em Ia| mct thc| 1|em tac thc|, 1e xac 1|ah 1acc sc 1em caa ha| cc |c haa h|ea
th| Iaa ah|ea mc| kha vac saa xaat haa mc| ca saa xaat la| aea caa vc| sc 1em khac ahaa v| the
ha| cc sa l|ah hcat trca v|ec chaaea 1c| sc 1em 8c haa chaaea 1c| trac caaa ahat la |aa h|m
Kh| caa thaa 1c| sc 1em aac| sa Jaa chi caa aha sc 1em |aa 1aa vac va mach se ta 1ca 1em
Kh| sc saa ham 1acc 1em |aa vc| sc 1em |aa 1aa th| mach se ta 1ca Jaa Ia 1aa saa ra mac
1|ch aea caa caa 1e ta|
9c 1em ha| ch|ah xac, va thaa 1c| v|ec ca| 1at sc 1em |aa 1aa mct cach l|ah hcat
8c haa h|ea th| ha| rc raa
Hach 1|ea khca caa hac ta, |ac 1am 1acc sa aa tcaa,Je sa Jaa
0|a thaah khca caa mac
!V 0!0! hAN 0UA ! IA!
0ac saa ham rat 1a Jaa vc| ah|ea chaa lca| 1ac, rca, k|ch cc khac ahaa Nhaa vc| kha
aaa caa th|et || la th| mach chi cc the 1em 1c| vc| saa ham cc kha aaa che 1acc aah saa va
cc k|ch thacc ta 10cm
1ea 0cm
em sc saa ham trca mct thaa ham v| thaa 1c| ta 2 999 0ca sc thaa saa ham
ham v| thaa 1c| ta 19999
!aa sc saa ham, sc hc saa mc| ca saa xaat va chc he xem sc saa ham va sc hc trca
cac ca saa xaat
Ia mac 1|ch aea caa caa 1e ta| chaa em 1aa ra sc 1c khc| tca caat caa mach 1|ea aha saa
V XAY UN0 90 0 Kh0! I0N0 0UAI

0hU0N0 !! !Y IhUY!I Ih!!I K!
! 0A0 Kh0! Ik0N0 HA0h !!N
1 0am ||ea
a 0|c| th|ea sc lacc ve mach cam ||ea
e cam ahaa mc| laa saa ham 1| caa th| cam ||ea ha| cc haa hat va haa tha lhaa hat
hat ra aah saa hca aca| va haa tha ha tha aah saa hca aca| v| aah saa hca aca| cc
1ac 1|em la |t || ah|ea sc vc| cac lca| aah saa khac ha| |c haa hat va tha hcat 1ca vc| caa
taa sc Kh| cc saa ham 1| caa |aa haa hat va haa tha, aah saa hca aca| || che |c haa tha
se hcat 1ca vc| taa sc khac taa sc hat aha the tac ra mct xaa tac 1ca tc| |c haa xa l| Vaa
|c haa hat va |c haa tha ha| cc aaca tac Jac 1ca 8c haa Jac 1ca tac 1ca tc| cca tac
1ca aat caa aaca hat va aaca tha aah saa 0c ah|ea l|ah k|ea hat va tha aah saa hca
aca| ahaa chaa em chca leJ hca aca| va traas|tcr caaa la l|ah k|ea hat va tha v| traas|stcr
caaa la l|ah k|ea rat ahaa vc| aah saa hca aca| 8c haa tac Jac 1ca cc the Jaa mach !0,
cca lc|c, hcac !0 Jac 1ca Vc| v|ec sa Jaa !0 chaaea Jaa tac Jac 1ca, |c tac Jac 1ca se trc
aea 1ca |aa hca vc| taa sc hat va tha
V| t|a h|ea c ac ra tras|tcr caaa rat ahc aea caa cc mach khaaech 1a| tracc kh| 1aa 1ea |c tac
Jac 1ca 0haa em chca !0 khaech 1a| 1e khaech 1a| t|a h|ea lea 1a lca Vaa sc 1c khc| caa haa
hat va haa tha la
Kh0! XU
!Y
0AH 8!!N 8AN lhlH
Kh0! h!!N Ih[

| 0ac l|ah k|ea trca mach cam ||ea
|1 0aa tac, aaaea l| hcat 1ca caa leJ hca aca|
_!eJ 1acc caa tac ta 0aAs vc| vaa cam cc 1c rca la 14eV taca aa |ac xa 900am Nca| ra
kh| ha ta 9| vc| aaaea vat l|ea 0aAlAs, 1c rca vaa cam cc the thaa 1c| Vc| cach aaa, aac| ta
cc the tac ra Ja| sca |aa ?00 900am va Jc 1c tac ra sa 1|ea haca sac chc leJ hca aca|
hat ra |acc sca th|ch hc ahat chc 1|em cac 1a| caa 1c ahaa cac |c tha
_hcat 1ca kh| mc| ac| a 1acc haa cac thaaa th| Jca 1|ea caa ac| lca v| sa Jaa 1|ea la Jc hat
ta| 1a sc, cca kh| mc| ac| 1acc haa cac ah|ch th| chi cc Jca ri Jc sa J| chaaea caa cac hat ta|
th|ea sc Nhaa kh| ch|ea saa vac mc| ac|, Jca 1|ea ah|ch taa lea aa aha ta le vc| caaa thca
trca lac Jca thaaa khca taa ac taaea vclt amere caa leJ hca aca| aha saa

|2 lhctca traas|stcr
lhctca Iraas|stcr caa taca ta aha traas|stcr thca thaca ahaa chi khac c chc ac khca
cc cac |atc, thaa chc tac Jaa khca che caa Jca vac cac |atc la sa khca che caa cham saa 1c|
vc| Jca cclectcr caa traas|tcr hcac cc cac |atc, ahaa khca che t|a h|ea la aah saa
0aa tac caa traas|stcr caaa
_ Ka h|ea va caa tac

= 4
= 3
= 2
= 1
= 0
U(V)
I(A)
C 0ac tha (cclecter)
0ac aea
(base) E
0ac hat (emiter)
Ky hieu 0aa tac
N P N
B
E
B
C
Kh0! A0
0N0
Kh0!
A0
0N0
KhUY!0h A! IkAN9!I0k IhU
_h|ah thac |ea aca| caa ac khac vc| traas|stcr thca thaca c chc trea vc caa cc caa sc
trca sact chc aah saa ch|ea vac Aah saa caa caa sc aaa ch|ea lea m|ea |atc caa traas|stcr
0haaea t|e lN em|tcr 1acc che tac aha cac traas|stcr thca thaca, ahaa chaaea t|e lN cclectcr,
th| Jc m|ea |atc caa 1acc ch|ea saa, chc aea ac cc ah|ea h|ah Jaa khac ahaa, caa cc Jaa h|ah
trca aam |aa tam m|ea |atc Kh| sa Jaa traas|stcr caaa mac mach taca ta aha traas|stcr mac
chaa em|tcr (0!l 0haaea t|e em|tcr 1acc haa cac thaaa cca chaaea t|e cclectcr 1acc haa cac
ah|ch 0c ah|a la traas|stcr caaa 1acc haa cac c che 1c khaaech 1a|
ca 1|ea trca traas|stcr
V| ac| tha 1acc haa cac ah|ch aea cc Jca ri !cc chaa |aa tha aea va v| ac| aea hat 1acc
haa cac thaaa aea Jca tha la ( 1l!cc 1aa la Jca tc| caa caaa traas|stcr Kh| ch|ea aah saa
vac m|ea |atc, trca m|ea |atc cc sa hat xa ca 1|ea ta lc trca lam xaat h|ea Jca !
!
c aah
saa kh|ea Jca tha trc thaah
!c = ( 1l (!cc !
!
l
ac taaea caa traas|stcr caaa

Irca 1c h la mat 1c ch|ea saa (mhcm
2
l

ac taaea caa traas|stcr caaa caa |ca aha 1ac taaea Vclt amere caa traas|stcr thca
thaca mac !0 |ea khac ahaa c 1aa la cac tham sc khca ha| la Jca !| ma la laca ch|ea saa
ac taaea Vclt amere caa traas|stcr caaa aa vc| khcaa Uce ahc caa cc the c| la m|ea
|ac hca v| kh| aa Jc sa t|ch ta 1|ea t|ch cc the cc| aha chaaea t|e cclectcr 1acc haa cac thaaa
0aa taca ta aha trca traca hc traas|stcr thca thaca, 1c Jcc 1ac taaea trca m|ea khaaech
1a|
| !0 Jac 1ca 555
U(V)
5 10 15 20
I(A)
H = 9
H = 7
H = 5
H = 4
H = 1
8
6
4
2
9c 1c chaa
9c 1c khc| |ea trca !0 555
0hac aaa caa cac chaa
aa la v| mach 1|ah thc| chaaea Jaa, cc the mac thaah Jaa mach 1ca ca haa |at ca
|ea a caa ca ta V 1ea 1?V
ca 1|ea ra 1ea 200mA (lca| v| mach 8JIl haa 100mA (lca| 0H09l
0haa 1 Nc| vc| masse
0haa 2 Nhaa t|a h|ea k|ch th|ch (tr|erl
0haa I|a h|ea ra (catatl
0haa 4 lhac aaaea ve traa tha| |aa 1aa (resetl
0haa 5 Nhaa 1|ea a 1|ea kh|ea (ccatrcl vcltal
0haa 5 Hac aaca ( threshclJ l
0haa 7 Iac 1aca hca 1|ea chc ta
0haa ? 0a aaca Vcc
` !0 khaaech 1a| !H 24 ( 0UA 0l!kAI!0NA! AHl!!!!!kl
!H 24 !0 cc 4 taa khaech 1a| thaat tcaa, !0 lam v|ec vc| lca| aaca 1ca
c lc| trea 100J8, taa ah|ea |aa thca he hca !H 900
0ha a khca 1e aa ra cham vac aaca V
haa cham thaa vac masse, 1|ea aaa se lam ha !0

!0 557 (I0N! !00!kl
4
1
3
2
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
14 13 12 11 10 9
GND
+3 -
+
+
+
+
GND V
CC
TRI DIS
OUT
THR
FLIP
FLOP
OUTPUT
8 6
4
7
1 3
2
5
!0 557 8c |a| ma am sac
!0 chaa mct vca khca ha Kh| taa sc ha hc vc| taa sc traa tam th| chaa ? cc mac a tha c
1c t|a h|ea ta traas|stcr caa taa khaaech 1a| 1aa 1ea ac vac caa !0 557 Iaa sc h|ea aaa 1acc
xac la thec mach 1|ah thc| k va 0 haa 1,1/(k0l k laa khcaa 2K 1ea 20K 557 cc the tach Jc
taa sc aa vac ta 0,01ht 1ea 500Kht
0h| cha cac aa vac trca mach lcc tha caa t|ah thec ! se 1acc xac 1|ah |c| a!
0
Irca 1c a
trca khcaa 100 1ea 52000 Ia aa ra laa tr| sc a 1c| ta trca mach lcc tha caa c aa
vac
2 Khc| xa l|
Vc| khc| xa l| aac| ta cc the Jaa !0 rc| hcac khc| v| xa l| Nea sa Jaa v| xa l| trca khc|
xa la, aac| ta cc the th|et ke mach 1|ea |ac t|e 1acc vc| maa t|ah aea Je Jaa chc v|ec 1|ea kh|ea
ta xa va |aa v|ec thaa 1c| haa mem cc the mc rca chaca tr|ah 1|ea kh|ea mach 1|ea 1em ah|ea
Jaa chaaea trca caa mct thc| 1|em haa laa la| cac sc l|ea trca cac ca saa xaat, 1c la l| Jc chaa
em sa Jaa v| xa l| trca khc| xa l| 0aa vc| thc| |aa, cca aac| 1a chc ra 1c| ah|ea lca| v| xa l| ta
? ||t 1ea 54 ||t vc| ca| t|ea aaa caa aa v|et ahaa taa thec mac 1|ch sa Jaa ma v| xa l| ? ||t
vaa cca tca ta| Irca 1c aa aaa chaa em sa Jaa v| 1|ea kh|ea ?051 ?051 caa la v| xa l| ?
||t ahaa cc chaa |c ahc |ea trca va cc them 2 |c 1|ah thc| aca| ra ac cc the |ac t|e ac| t|e
trac t|e vc| maa t|ah ma v| xa l| ? ||t aha ?0?5 caa |ac t|e 1acc vc| maa t|ah ahaa la |ac
t|e sca sca aea caa cc !0 chaaea 1c| Ja l|ea ta sca sca saa ac| t|e 1e |ac t|e vc| maa t|ah
Vc| |c ahc trca ?051 th|ch hc chc ahaa chaca tr|ah cc caa mc ahc,taa ah|ea ?051 cc the
ket hc 1acc vc| |c ahc aca| chc chaca tr|ah cc caa mc lca 9aa 1aa la |c| th|ea caa chaa em
ve v| 1|ea kh|ea ?051
a 0|c| th|ea caa trac haa caa ?051
a1 9c 1c chaa ?051
?051 la !0 v| 1|ea kh|ea (H|crcccatrcllerl Jc haa !atel saa xaat !0 aaa cc 1ac 1|em aha saa
- 4k |ate k0H,12? |ate kAH
- 4 lcrt !0 ? ||t
- 2 |c 1em 1|ah thc| 15 ||t
- 0|ac t|e ac| t|e
- 54k |ate khca |aa |c ahc chaca tr|ah mc rca
- 54k |ate khca |aa |c ahc Ja l|ea mc rca
- Hct |c xa la laaa la (thac tac trea cac ||t 1cal
- 210 ||t 1acc 1|a chi hca
- 8c ahaa ch|a 4
9c lacc ve cac chaa caa ?051

Nc ra
0N
Ia 1|ah thc|
|ea trc 1|ah thc|
5 6 7
8
7
6
5

1

2
Ia ac ra
Ia lcc thcatha
Ncvac
4,759,0V

a2 0hac aaa caa cac chaa ?051
lcrt 0 ta chaa 2 1ea chaa 9 (l00 _l07l lcrt 0 cc 2 chac aaa trca cac th|et ke
cc ahc khca Jaa |c ahc mc rca ac cc chac aaa aha cac 1aca !0, 1c| vc| th|et ke lca cc |c
ahc mc rca ac 1acc ket hc |aa |as 1|a chi va |as Ja l|ea
lcrt 1 ta chaa 1 1ea chaa 9 (l10 _ l17l lcrt 1 la crt !0 Jaa chc |ac t|e vc| th|et ||
aca| aea caa
lcrt 2 ta chaa 21 1ea chaa 2? (l20 _l27l lcrt 2 la mct crt cc tac Jaa ke Jaa
aha cac 1aca xaat aha hcac la |ate cac caa |as 1|a chi 1c| vc| cac th|et || Jaa |c ahc mc rca
lcrt ta chaa 10 1ea chaa 17 (l0 _ l7l lcrt la crt cc tac Jaa ke 0ac chaa
caa crt aaa cc ah|ea chac aaa, cc cca Jaa chaaea 1c| cc l|ea he 1ea cac 1ac t|ah 1ac ||et caa
?051 aha c |aa saa
8|t Iea 0hac a
aa chaaea 1c|
l0
l1
l2
l
l4
l5
kX
IX
!NI0\
!NI1\
I0
I1
Nc vac Ja l|ea ac| t|e
Nc xaat Ja l|ea ac| t|e
Nc vac aat caa tha 0
Nc vac aat caa tha 1
Nc vac I!H!k 00UNI!k tha 0
Nc vac caa I!H!k 00UNI!k tha 1
8031
EA/VP
31
X1
19
X2
18
RESET
9
P3.2
12
P3.3
13
P3.4
14
P3.5
15
P1.0
1
P1.1
2
P1.2
3
P1.3
4
P1.4
5
P1.5
6
P1.6
7
P1.7
8
P0.0
39
P0.1
38
P0.2
37
P0.3
36
P0.4
35
P0.5
34
P0.6
33
P0.7
32
P2.0
21
P2.1
22
P2.2
23
P2.3
24
P2.4
25
P2.5
26
P2.6
27
P2.7
28
P3.7
17
P3.6
16
PSEN
29
ALE/P
30
P3.1
11
P3.0
10
VCC
40
VSS
20
l5
l7
hk\
k\
I|a h|ea h| Ja l|ea lea |c ahc aca|
I|a h|ea 1cc |c ahc Ja l|ea aca|
l9!N (lrcram stcre eaa|lel
l9!N la t|a h|ea ac ra cc tac Jaa chc he 1cc |c ahc chaca tr|ah mc rca va thaca
1acc ac| 1ea chaa 0!\ caa !rcm chc he 1cc cac |ate ma leah
l9!N c mac tha trca thc| |aa ?051 laa leah 0ac ma leah caa chaca tr|ah 1acc 1cc ta !rcm caa |as Ja
l|ea, 1acc chct vac thaah h| leah |ea trca ?051 1e |a| ma leah Kh| ?051 th| haah chaca tr|ah trca k0H ac|
l9!N c mac cac
A!! (AJJress !atch !aa|lel
Kh| ?051 traa xaat |c ahc |ea aca|, lcrt 0 cc chac aaa la |as 1|a chi va Ja l|ea Jc 1c ha| tach cac 1aca
Ja l|ea va 1|a chi I|a h|ea ra A!! c chaa tha 0 Jaa lam t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea 1e |a| 1a hc cac 1aca 1|a chi va Ja
l|ea kh| ket ac| chaa vc| !0 chct
I|a h|ea c chaa A!! la mct xaa trca khcaa thc| |aa crt 0 1ca va| trc la 1|a chi tha aea chct 1|a chi
hcaa tcaa ta 1ca
!A\ (!xteraal Accessl I|a h|ea vac !A\ c chaa 1 thaca 1acc mac lea mac 1 hcac mac 0 Nea c mac 1,
?051 th| haah chaca tr|ah ta k0H ac| Nea c mac 0, ?051 th| haah chaca tr|ah ta |c ahc mc rca 0haa !A\
1acc laa lam chaa ca aaca 21V kh| la tr|ah chc !rcm trca ?051
k9I (kesetl Kh| ac vac t|a h|ea aaa 1aa lea mac cac |t ahat 2 cha ka maa, cac thaah h| |ea trca
1acc aa ahaa |a tr| th|ch hc 1e khc| 1ca he thca Kh| ca 1|ea mach ha| ta 1ca reset
0ac ac vac |c Jac 1ca X1, X2
8c tac Jac 1ca 1acc t|ch hc |ea trca ?051 Kh| sa Jaa ?051, aac| ta chi caa ac| them ta thach aah va cac
ta Iaa sc ta thach aah thaca la 12 Hh
| 0aa trac |ea trca caa ?051
|1 9c 1c khc| |ea trca ?051
T1
T0
ieu
khien
Cac
thanh
ghi khac
128
byte RAM
MRO
Timer
2Timer
1Timer 0
CPU
Oscillator ieu khien
bus
Cac port I/
O
Port noi
tiep
Port noi
Timer 0
Timer 1
Timer 2
INT0
INT1
EA
RST
PSEN
ALE
P0 P2
P1 P3
TxD RxD
T2
|2 Khac sat cac khc| ahc |ea trca ?051
`Ic chac |c ahc
7!
kAH A UN0
0
2! 7! 7! 7 70 78 7A 79 7
?
2! 77 75 75 74 7 72 71 7
0
2 5! 5! 5 50 58 5A 59 5
?
20 57 55 55 54 5 52 51 5
0
28 5! 5! 5 50 58 5A 59 5
?
2A 57 55 55 54 5 52 51 5
0
29 4! 4! 4 40 48 4A 49 4
?
2? 47 45 45 44 4 42 41 4
0
27 ! ! 0 8 A 9
?
25 7 5 5 4 2 1
0
25 2! 2! 2 20 28 2A 29 2
?
24 27 25 25 24 2 22 21 2
0
2 1! 1! 1 10 18 1A 19 1
?
22 17 15 15 14 1 12 11 1
0
21 0! 0! 0 00 08 0A 09 0
?
20 07 05 05 04 0 02 01 0
0
1!
8ANK
1?
17
8ANK 2
10
0!
8ANK 1
0?
07
8aak thaah h| 0 ( mac 1|ah chc k0k7l
00
U IkU0 kAH N0!
!0 !7 !5 !5 !4 ! !2 !1 !0
!0 !7 !5 !5 !4 ! !2 !1 !0
0 7 5 5 50 58 5A 59 5?
8? 80 88 8A 89 8?
80 87 85 85 84 8 82 81 80
A? A! A! A A0 A8 AA A9 A?
A0 A7 A5 A5 A4 A A2 A1 A0
99 Khca cc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
9? 9! 9! 9 90 98 9A 99 9?
90 97 9
5
95 94 9 92 91 90
? Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?0 Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?A Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?? ?! ?
!
? ?0 ?8 ?A ?9 ??
? Khca 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
?0 ?7 ?5 ?
5
?4 ? ?2 ?1 ?0
IhANh 0h! 0hU0 NAN0 A0 8!!I
8c ahc |ea trca ?051 |ac cm k0H va kAH kAH |ac cm ah|ea thaah haa haa laa tra 1a
Jaa, haa laa tra 1|a chi hca taa ||t, cac |aak thaah h| va cac thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et
?051 cc |c ahc thec caa trac harvarJ cc ahaa vaa ahc r|ea ||et chc chaca tr|ah va
Ja l|ea 0haca tr|ah va Ja l|ea cc the chaa |ea trca ?051 ahaa ?051 vaa cc the ket ac| vc|
54 k |ate |c ahc chaca tr|ah va 54 k |ate |c ahc Ja l|ea mc rca
kam |ea trca ?051 1acc haa ch|a aha saa
- 0ac |aak thaah h| cc 1|a chi ta 00h 1ea 1!h
- kam 1|a chi hca taa ||t cc 1|a chi ta 20h 1ea 2!h
- kam 1a Jaa ta 0h 1ea 7!h
- 0ac thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et ta ?0h 1ea !!h
kam 1a Jaa
Hc| 1|a chi trca vaa ram 1a Jaa 1ea cc the 1acc traa xaat ta Jc Jaa k|ea 1|a chi trac
t|e haa |aa t|e V| Ja 1e 1cc ac| Jaa c ahc c 1|a chi 5!h caa ram ac| vac thaah h| t|ch laa A
H0V A,5!h
hcac traa xaat Jaa cach 1|a chi |aa t|e caa k0 haa k1 V| Ja 2 leah saa se th| haah caa ah|em
va aha leah c trea
H0V k0, #5!h
H0V A , Ok0
kam cc the traa xaat taa ||t
?051 chaa 210 ||t 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t, trca 1c 12? ||t chaa c cac |ate cc 1|a chi
ta 20h 1ea 2!h, cac ||t cca la| chaa trca ahcm thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et
Ytaca traa xaat taa ||t |aa haa mem la mct 1ac t|ah maah caa v| 1|ea kh|ea ac| chaa
0ac ||t cc the 1acc 1at, xca, aaJ, cr, vc| 1 leah 1ca Nca| ra cac crt caa cc the traa xaat 1acc
taa ||t lam 1ca |aa haa mem xaat aha taa ||t
V| Ja 1e 1at ||t 57h ta Jaa leah saa 9!I8 57h
0ac |aak thaah h|
8c leah ?051 hc trc ? thaah h| cc tea la k0 1ea k7 va thec mac 1|ah (saa kh| reset he
thcal, cac thaah h| aaac cac 1|a chi 00h 1ea 07h leah saa 1aa se 1cc ac| Jaa c 1|a chi 05h
vac thaah h| t|ch laa H0V A, k5
aa la leah 1 |ate Jaa 1|a chi thaah h| Iaa ah|ea cc the th| haah |aa leah 2 |ate Jaa
1|a chi trac t|e aam trca |ate tha 2 H0V A, 05h
!eah Jaa cac thaah h| k0 1ea k7 th| se aaa hca va ahaah hca ah|ea sc vc| leah taca
aa Jaa 1|a chi trac t|e
8aak thaah h| t|ch cac |aa cach thaa 1c| cac ||t trca ta traa tha| chaca tr|ah (l9hl
0|a sa thaah h| tha 1aa 1acc traa xaat, leah saa 1aa se J| chaaea ac| Jaa caa thaah h| A vac
c ahc ram cc 1|a chi 1?h H0V k0, A
` 0ac thaah h| cc chac aaa 1ac ||et
?051 cc 21 thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et (9!k 9ec|al !aat|ca ke|sterl c vaa trea caa kAH ac|
ta 1|a chi ?0h 1ea !!h
0ha a tat ca 12? 1|a chi ta ?0h 1ea !!h khca 1acc 1|ah ah|a, chi cc 21 thaah h| chac aaa
1ac ||et 1acc 1|ah ah|a saa cac 1|a chi
Ihaah h| traa tha| chaca tr|ah
Ihaah h| traa tha| chaca tr|ah l9h (lrcram 9tatas hcrJ l c 1|a chi 0h chaa cac ||t traa tha|
aha |aa saa
8|t Ka h|ea |a chi Y ah|a
l9h7
l9h5
l9h5
l9h4
l9h
l9h2
l9h1
l9h0
0Y
A0
!0
k91
k90
0V
_
l
7h
5h
5h
4h
h
2h
1h
0h
0c ahc
0c ahc ha
0c 0
8|t 1 chca |aak thaah h|
8|t 0 chca |aak thaah h|
00=|aak 0 1|a chi 00h 07h
01=|aak 1 1|a chi 0?h 0!h
10=|aak 2 1|a chi 10h 1!h
11=|aak 1|a chi 1?h 1!h
0c traa
a tra
0c ar|ta chaa le
0c ahc
0 = 1 aea he tcaa cca cc traa hcac he tcaa tra cc maca va aacc la| 0 = 0 V| Ja
aea thaah h| A cc |a tr| !! th| leah saa
A A, #1
lhe cca aaa cc traa aea ||t 0 = 1 va ket caa trca thaah h| A = 00h
0c ahc cc the xem la thaah h| 1 ||t chc cac leah laaa la th| haah trea ||t AN! 0,
25h
0c ahc ha
Kh| cca cac sc 80, cc ahc ha A0 = 1 aea ket caa 4 ||t tha trca khcaa 0Ah 1ea 0!h
Nacc la| A0 = 0
0c 0
0c 0 la mct ||t cc 1a Jaa Jaah chc cac aa Jaa caa aac| Jaa
0ac ||t chca |aakthaah h| traa xaat
0ac ||t chca |aak thaah h| (k90 va k91l xac 1|ah |aak thaah h| 1acc traa xaat 0haa 1acc
xca saa kh| reset he thca va 1acc thaa 1c| |aa haa mem aea caa V| Ja leah saa chc he |aak
thaah h| va J| chaaea ac| Jaa caa |aak thaah h| k7 (1|a chi |ae 1!hl vac thaah h| A
9!I8 k91
9!I8 k90
H0V A,k7
Ihaah h| 8
Ihaah h| 8 c 1|a chi !0h 1acc Jaa caa vc| thaah h| t|ch laa A chc cac he tcaa ahaa
va ch|a !eah HU! A8 se ahaa cac |a tr| khca Jaa ? ||t trca A va 8 rc| tra ket caa ve 15 ||t
trca A (|ate thal va 8 (|ate cacl !eah !V A8 se ch|a A chc 8 rc| tra ket caa aaaea trca A va
haa Ja trca 8 thaah h| caa cc the xem aha thaah h| 1em 1a Jaa
0ca trc aaa xe
0ca trc aaa xe 9l la mct thaah h| ? ||t c 1|a chi 1?h Nc chaa 1|a chi caa |ate Ja l|ea
h|ea haah trea 1iah caa aaa xe 0ac leah trea aaa xe |ac cm cac leah cat Ja l|ea vac aaa
xe va laa Ja l|ea ra khc| aaa xe !eah cat Ja l|ea vac aaa xe se lam taa 9l tracc kh| h| Ja
l|ea va leah laa Ja l|ea ra khc| aaa xe se lam |am 9l Naa xe caa ?051 1acc |a trca ram
ac| va |c| haa cac 1|a chi cc the traa xaat |aa 1|a chi |aa t|e, chaa la 12? |ate 1aa caa
?051
e khc| 1ca 9l vc| aaa xe |at 1aa ta| 1|a chi 50 h, cac leah saa 1aa 1acc Jaa
H0V 9l,#5!h
Kh| reset ?051, 9l se maa |a tr| mac 1|ah la 07h va Ja l|ea 1aa t|ea se 1acc cat vac c ahc
aaa xe cc 1|a chi la 0? h Naa xe 1acc traa xaat trac t|e |aa cac leah lU9h va l0l 1e laa
tra tam thc| va laa la| Ja l|ea hcac traa xaat aam |aa leah c| chaca tr|ah cca A0A!!,!0A!! va
cac leah trc ve (k!I k!I!l 1e laa tra |a tr| caa |c 1em chaca tr|ah kh| |at 1aa thac h|ea chaca
tr|ah cca va laa la| kh| ket thac chaca tr|ah cca
0ca trc Ja l|ea
0ca trc Ja l|ea lIk 1acc Jaa 1e traa xaat |c ahc aca| la mct thaah h| 15 ||t c 1|a
chi ?2h (l! |ate thal va ?h (lh |ate cacl leah saa se h| 55h vac ram aca| c 1|a chi
1000h
H0V A,#55h
H0V lIk, #1000h
H0VX OlIk,A
0ac thaah h| crt xaat aha
0ac crt caa ?051 |ac cm crt 0 c 1|a chi ?0h, crt 1 c 1|a chi 90h, crt 2 c 1|a chi A0h, va
crt c 1|a chi 80h tat ca cac crt aaa 1ea cc the traa xaat taa ||t aea rat thaaa t|ea trca kha
aaa |ac t|e
0ac thaah h| t|mer
?051 cc chaa 2 |c 1|ah thc| 1em 15 ||t 1acc Jaa chc v|ec 1|ah thc| hcac 1em sa k|ea
I|mer 0 c 1|a chi ?Ah (I!0 |ate thal va ?0h (Ih0 |ate cacl I|mer 1 c 1|a chi ?8h (I!1 |ate
thal va ?h (Ih1 |ate cacl V|ec khc| 1ca t|mer 1acc 9et |c| I|mer HcJe (IH0l c 1|a chi ?9h
va thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea t|mer (I00Nl c 1|a chi ??h, chi cc I00N 1acc 1|a chi hca taa ||t
0ac thaah h| crt ac| t|e
?051 chaa mct crt ac| t|e Jaah chc v|ec trac 1c| thca t|a vc| cac th|et || ac| t|e aha
maa t|ah, mcJem hcac |ac t|e ac| t|e vc| cac !0 khac Hct thaah h| c| la |c 1em Ja l|ea ac|
t|e (98U!l c 1|a chi 99h se |a ca 2 Ja l|ea traaea va Ja l|ea ahaa Kh| traaea Ja l|ea th| h| lea
98U!, kh| ahaa Ja l|ea th| 1cc 98U! 0ac mcJe vaa haah khac ahaa 1acc la tr|ah caa thaah h|
1|ea kh|ea crt ac| t|e 900N c 1|a chi 9?h
0ac thaah h| aat
?051 cc caa trac 5 aaca aat, 2 mac aa t|ea 0ac aat || cam saa kh| reset he thca va
se 1acc chc he |aa v|ec h| thaah h| chc he aat (!!l c 1|a chi A?h, ca 2 thaah h| 1acc 1|a
chi hca taa ||t
Ihaah h| 1|ea kh|ea cca saat
Ihaah h| 1|ea kh|ea cca saat (l00Nl c 1|a chi ?7h chaa cac ||t 1|ea kh|ea
I|a h|ea keset
?051 cc ac vac reset k9I tac 1ca c mac cac trca khcaa thc| |aa 2 cha ka, saa 1c
xaca mac tha 1e ?051 |at 1aa lam v|ec k9I cc the k|ch |aa taa |aa mct h|m ahaa thaca
mc, sc 1c mach reset aha h|ah trea (h|ah al
saa kh| reset he thca 1acc tcm tat aha saa
Ihaah h| Nc| Jaa
em chaca tr|ah l0
Ihaahh| t|ch laa A
Ihaah h| 8
Ihaah h| traa tha|
9l
lIk
lcrt 0 1ea lcrt
!l
!!
0ac thaah h| 1|ah thc|
0000h
00h
00h
00h
07h
0000h
!!h
XXX0000 8
0XX00000 8
00h
Ihaah h| caaa trca ahat la thaah h| |c 1em chaca tr|ah l0 1acc keset ta| 1|a chi
0000h Kh| ac vac k9I xaca mac tha, chaca tr|ah laca |at 1aa ta| 1|a chi 0000h caa |c
ahc chaca tr|ah Nc| Jaa caa kam trca ch| khca || haa 1c| |c| tac 1ca caa ac vac keset
chcat 1ca thaah h| I!H!k
?051 cc ha| t|mer 15 ||t, mc| t|mer cc |ca cach lam v|ec Nac| ta sa Jaa cac t|mer 1e
- |ah khcaa thc| |aa
- em sa k|ea
- Iac tcc 1c |aaJ chc crt ac| t|e trca ?051
Irca cac aa Jaa 1|ah khcaa thc| |aa, aac| ta la tr|ah t|mer c ahaa khcaa 1ea 1aa va 1at
cc traa t|mer 0c 1acc Jaa 1e 1ca |c hca chaca tr|ah 1e thac h|ea mct tac 1ca aha k|em tra
traa tha| caa cac ac vac hcac a| sa k|ea ra cac acra 0ac aa Jaa khac cc the sa Jaa v|ec
tac xaa ah| 1ea 1aa caa t|mer 1e 1c thc| |aa trc| caa |aa ha| sa k|ea (v| Ja 1c 1c rca xaa l
Iraa xaat cac t|mer caa ?051 Jaa saa thaah h| chac aaa 1ac ||et chc trca |aa saa
9!k Hac |ch |a chi |a chi hca taa ||t
I00N |ea kh|ea I|mer ??h 0c
IH0 0he 1c I|mer ?9h Khca
I!0 8ate tha caa I|mer 0 90h Khca
I!1 8ate tha caa I|mer 1 91h Khca
Ih0 8ate cac caa I|mer 0 92h Khca
Ih1 8ate cac caa I|mer 1 9h Khca
0ac thaah h| chac aaa caa t|mer trca ?01
Ihaah h| che 1c t|mer (IH0l
Ihaah h| IH0 chaa ha| ahcm 4 ||t Jaa 1e 1at che 1c lam v|ec chc I|mer 0, va I|mer 1
8|t Iea I|mer Hc ta
7 0AI! 1 8|t mc cca, kh| lea 1 t|mer chi chaa kh| !NI1 c mac cac
5 0I 1 8|t chca che 1c 0caatI|mer
1 = |c 1em sa k|ea
0 = |c 1|ah khcaa thc| |aa
5 H1 1 8|t 1 caa che 1c mcJe
0AI! 0 8|t mc cca, kh| lea 1 t|mer chi chaa kh| !NI0 c mac cac
2 0I 0
8|t chca che 1c 0caatI|mer
Icm tat thaah h| chac aaa IH0
Ihaah h| 1|ea kh|ea t|mer(I00Nl
Ihaah h| I00N chaa cac ||t traa tha| va cac ||t 1|ea kh|ea chc I|mer 1, I|mer 0
8|t Ka h|ea |a chi Hc ta
I00N7 I!1 ?!h 0c |ac traa t|mer 1 at |c| haa caa kh| traa, 1acc
xca |c| haa mem, hcac haa caa kh| |c xa la chi 1ea
chaca tr|ah hac va aat
I00N5 Ik1 ?!h 8|t 1|ea kh|ea t|mer 1 chaa 1at xca |aa haa mem 1e
chc t|mer chaa aaa
I00N5 I!0 ?h 0c |ac traa I|mer 0
I00N4 Ik0 ?0h 8|t 1|ea kh|ea I|mer 0 chaa
I00N !!1 ?8h 0c caah aat 1 |ea aca| at |c| haa caa kh| hat
h|ea mct caah xaca c !NI1 xca |aa haa mem hcac
haa caa kh| 0lU chi 1ea chaca tr|ah hac va aat
I00N2 !I1 ?Ah 0c k|ea aat 1 |ea aca| at xca |aa haa mem 1e
aat aca| t|ch cac caah xaca mac tha
I00N1 !!0 ?9h 0c caah aat 0 |ea aca|
I00N0 !I0 ??h 0c k|ea aat 0 |ea aca|
Icm tat thaah h| chac aaa I00N
Khc| 1ca va traa xaat thaah h| t|mer
Ihca thaca cac thaah h| 1acc khc| 1ca mct laa 1aa c chaca tr|ah 1e 1at c che 1c lam
v|ec 1aa 9aa 1c, trca thaa chaca tr|ah, cac thaah h| t|mer 1acc chc chaa, Jaa, cac ||t 1acc
k|em tra va xca, cac thaah h| t|mer 1acc 1cc va ca ahat thec 1c| hc| cac aa Jaa
IH0 la thaah h| tha ahat 1acc khc| 1ca v| ac 1at che 1c hcat 1ca V| Ja, cac leah saa
khc| 1ca I|mer 1 aha t|mer 15 ||t (che 1c 1l cc xaa ah| ta |c Jac 1ca tea ch| chc v|ec 1|ah
khcaa thc| |aa
H0V IH0, #18
!eah aaa se 1at H1 = 1 va H0 = 0 chc che 1c 1, 0 I= 0 va 0AI! = 0 chc xaa ah| ac|
va xca cac ||t che 1c I|mer 0 | ah|ea, t|mer khca that sa |at 1aa 1|ah thc| chc 1ea kh| ||t 1|ea
kh|ea chaa Ik1 1acc 1at lea 1
Nea caa sc 1em |aa 1aa, cac thaah h| I!1Ih1 caa ha| 1acc khc| 1ca Hct khcaa
100s cc the 1acc khc| 1ca |aa cach khc| 1ca |a tr| chc Ih1I!1 la !!90h
H0V I!1, #90h
H0V Ih1, #0!!h
kc| t|mer 1acc chc chaa |aa cach 1at ||t 1|ea kh|ea chaa aha saa
9!I8 Ik1
0c |ac traa 1acc ta 1ca 1at lea 1 saa 100s lhaa mem cc the 1c| trca 100 s |aa cach
Jaa leah re ahaah cc 1|ea k|ea ahaa 1ea ch|ah ac trca kh| cc |ac traa chaa 1acc 1at lea 1
hA!I JN8 I!1, hA!I
Kh| t|mer traa, caa Jaa t|mer va xca cc |ac traa trca haa mem
0!k Ik1
0!k I!1

J Nat ( !NI!kkUlIl
Hct aat la sa xaa ra mct 1|ea k|ea, mct sa k|ea ma ac aa ra trec tam thc| thc| chaca
tr|ah ch|ah trca kh| 1|ea k|ea 1c 1acc hac va |c| mct chaca tr|ah khac
0ac aat 1ca mct va| trc caaa trca trca th|et ke va ca| 1at cac aa Jaa v| 1|ea kh|ea
0haa chc he he thca 1a aa |at 1ca |c vc| mct sa k|ea va |a| caaet sa k|ea 1c trca kh|
mct chaca tr|ah khac 1aa thac th|
Ic chac aat caa ?051
0c 5 aaca aat c ?01 2 aat aca|, 2 aat ta t|mer va 1 aat crt ac| t|e Iat ca
cac aat thec mac ah|ea 1ea || cam saa kh| reset he thca va 1acc chc he taa ca| mct |aa
haa mem
Kh| cc ha| hcac ah|ea aat 1ca thc|, hcac mct aat xaa ra kh| mct aat khac 1aa 1acc
hac va, cc ca ha| sa taaa ta hc| vca va sc 1c aa t|ea ha| mac Jaa 1e xac 1|ah v|ec thac h|ea cac
aat V|ec hc| vca taaa ta th| cc 1|ah ahaa aa t|ea aat th| cc the la tr|ah 1acc
0hc he va cam aat
Hc| aaca aat 1acc chc he hcac cam aat caa mct thaah h| chac aaa 1at ||et cc 1|ah
1|a chi ||t !! ( !aterrat !aa|le chc he aat l c 1|a chi A?h
8|t Ka h|ea |a chi ||t Hc ta
!!7 !A A!h 0hc he 0am tcaa |c
!!5 _ A!h Khca 1acc mc ta
!!5 !I2 Ah 0hc he aat ta I|mer 2 (?052l
!!4 !9 A0h 0hc he aat crt ac| t|e
!! !I1 A8h 0hc he aat ta I|mer 1
!!2 !X1 AAh 0hc he aat aca| 1
!!1 !I0 A9h 0hc he aat ta I|mer 0
!!0 !X0 A?h 0hc he aat aca| 0
Icm tat thaah h| !!
0ac cc aat
Kh| 1|ea k|ea aat xaa ra th| aa vc| taa lca| aat ma lca| cc 1c 1acc 1at lea mct 1e xac
ahaa aat
Nat 0c Ihaah h| 9!k va v| tr| ||t
8ea aca| 0 !!0 I00N1
8ea aca| 1 !!1 I00N
I|mer 1 I!1 I00N7
I|mer 0 I!0 I00N5
lcrt ac| t|e I! 900N1
lcrt ac| t|e k! 900N0
0ac lca| cc aat
0ac vectc aat
Kh| cha ahaa aat, |a tr| 1acc aa vac l0 1acc c| la vectcr aat Nc la 1|a chi |at 1aa
caa !9k chc aaca tac aat, cac vectcr aat 1acc chc c |aa saa
Nat 0c |a chi vectcr
keset he thca k9I 0000h
8ea aca| 0 !!0 000h
I|mer 0 I!0 0008h
8ea aca| 1 !!1 001h
I|mer 1 I!1 0018h
lcrt ac| t|e I! va k! 002h
I|mer 2 0028h
Vectcr reset he thca (k9I c 1|a chi 0000hl 1acc 1e trca |aa aaa v| thec ah|a aaa, ac |ca
aat ac aat chaca tr|ah ch|ah va aa chc l0 |a tr| mc|
e Ket hc ?051 vc| |c ahc aca|
V| xa la (H|crcrccesscrl la !0 chaaea Jaa ve xa la Ja l|ea, 1|ea kh|ea thec mct chaca
tr|ah, maca H|crcrccesscr thac h|ea mct cca v|ec | aac| sa Jaa ha| la tr|ah haa v|et chaca
tr|ah 0haca tr|ah ha| laa tra c 1aa 1e H|crcrccesscr ahaa leah va th| haah, 1c| kh| trca lac xa
la chaca tr|ah H|crcrccesscr caa ac| laa tra tam thc| cac Ja l|ea saa 1c laa ra 1e t|e tac xa la
Nc| laa tra chaca tr|ah chc H|crcrccesscr thac h|ea va ac| laa tra tam thc| Ja l|ea ch|ah la |c
ahc 0ac |c ahc caa H|crcrcesscr la cac !0, cac !0 ahc aaa cc the 1cc Ja l|ea ra, h| Ja l|ea vac
hcac chi 1cc Ja l|ea ra c| kh| |c ahc caa H|crcrccesscr khca 1a 1e laa tra ahaa thca t|a caa
th|et kh| chaa chaca tr|ah, kh| 1c ha| Jaa ka thaat mc rca |c ahc ?051 cc kha aaa mc rca
|c ahc 1ea 54k |ate |c ahc chaca tr|ah va 54k |ate |c ahc Ja l|ea |ea aca| 8c ahc chaca
tr|ah la |c ahc kcm cca |c ahc Ja l|ea la |c ahc kam
_ 8c ahc kam ch|a ra lam 2 lca| 9ram va ram ram 1acc che tac Jaa ka thaat H09, cc
Jaa laca |c ahc lca, cca xaat t|ea taa tha va tcc 1c hcat 1ca traa ||ah 0 9ram Ja l|ea laa
tra vac cac !l| !lc cca ram Ja l|ea laa tra mac 0 va 1 taca 1aca vc| caa tr|ah aa va xa caa
mct ta 1|ea khcaa va| ! 8c| v| 1|ea a caa ta se saa |am Jaa Jc 1c ram 1c| hc| cha ka aa la|
aea khca maca mat Ja l|ea va 1acc c| la caa tr|ah lam tac| kam, 1aa ch|ah la khaaet 1|em caa
ram sc vc| 9ram 8c ahc kcm cc ah|ea lca| lk0H, !lk0H, !!lk0H ahaa !lk0H cc the la
tr|ah |c| aac| Jaa, cc the xca va la tr|ah la| ah|ea laa aea trca 1c aa aaa chaa em Jaa
!lk0H 2754 va Jaa 9kAH 5254 ac 1|em, sc 1c chaa va |aa sa that caa 2754 va 5254
c h|ah Jac| 1aa
9kAH 5254 la |c ahc 1acc che tac thec cca ahe 0H09, cc Jaa laca
5555 ||t 1acc tc chac thaah ?192x? ||t (?K8atel, 1|ea a caa ca la 5V, thc| |aa traa ca
khcaa 150as Nc vacra Ja l|ea 1acc Jaa chaa, cac ac vacra aaa taca th|ch II! 0ca saat
t|ea taa c traa tha| chc rat tha chi khcaa 0,1mh sc vc| kh| hcat 1ca ||ah thaca la 200mh
9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c caa 5254 aha saa
Ia sc 1c chaa chc ta thaa ca chaa 1acc ch|a thaah 4 ahcm
Vcc, 0N chaa aaca
c 1ea 7 chaa Ja l|ea
Ac 1ea A12 chaa 1|a chi
!lk0H 2754 la |c ahc chi 1cc 1acc che tac thec cca ahe NH09, Jaa mct aaca 1ca
5V, Jaa laca |c ahc la 5555 ||t, 1acc tc chac thaah ?192x? ||t (?K8atel 2754 la lca|
!lk0H cc the xca |aa t|a cac t|m va cc the h| la| 1acc ah|ea laa 0c ha| k|ea hcat 1ca ||ah
thaca va chc 0 traa tha| chc, cca saat t|ea tha la 12mh sc vc| 525mh kh| c traa tha| 1cc
Ja l|ea, thc| |aa traa xaat la 200as 9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c caa 2754 aha saa
DQ
0
-DQ
7
6 2 6 4
A
0
-A
12
CE
1
\
CE
2
OE\
WE\
N.C
A
12
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
A
0
DQ
0
6 2 6 4
V
cc
WE\
CE
2
A
8
A
9
A
11
OE\
A
10
CE
1
\
DQ
7
DQ
6
Mode \ Pin WE\ CE
1
\ CE
2
OE\ Output
Not Select
x H x x
x x L x
Hi-Z
Output
Disable
H L H H Hi-Z
Read H L H L D
out
Write L L H H D
in
V
pp
A
12
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
A
0
O
0
2 7 6 4
Vcc
PGM\
N.C
A
8
A
9
A
11
OE\
A
10
CE\
O
7
O
6
O
5
2 7 6 4
CE\
OE\
V
PP
D
0
-D
7
A
0
-A
12
WE, OE, CS1, CS2 : chan ieu khien
!lk0H cc the 1acc la |c| aac| la tr|ah sa Jaa va ac caa cc the xca 1e la tr|ah la| kh| aac
maca
!lk0H Jaa trca mach 1acc chaa saa chaca tr|ah 1|ea kh|ea, tac la chi xaat ata mc| kh| 0lU
tham khac 1ea, Jc 1c ta chi caaa tam 1ea che 1c 1cc va chc aa vac cac HcJe hcat 1ca trea th|
!lk0H 1acc 1|ea kh|ea cac chaa saa
- l0H = 5 Vclt (Vcc l
- 0!\ ac| chaa l9!N caa 0lU
- 0!\ ac| xaca 090
0he 1c 1cc (keaJ HcJe l 0he 1c aaa 1acc th|et la kh| 0!\ va 0!\ c mac tha, l0H c mac cac
0c ha| ac vac 1|ea kh|ea Jaa 1e traa xaat ata ta k0H la 0!\ va 0!\ Jaa 1e k|em scat ac ra
ata, 1aa ata lea ata |as
0he 1c chc (9taa|a HcJe l 0he 1c aaa lam |am cca saat t|ea tha 1acc th|et la kh| 0!\ c mac
cac, c che 1c aaa ata c traa tha| trc khaa cac 1cc la
`0|a| ma 1|a chi
c ?051 th|et ke caa caaa la ah|ea th|et || aca| v|, ah|ea c ahc, maca lam 1acc v|ec aaa
aac| ta ha| caa ca chc mc| c ahc va th|et || aca| v| tam 1|a chi chc th|et || 1c V| vaa caa cc
mach |a| ma 1|a chi trca mach 1|ea Nac| ta thaca Jaa !0 |a| ma 74h01? vc| cac ac ra
1acc ac| tc| cac ac vac chca ch| (09\l trea cac !0 ahc 9aa 1aa la sc 1c chaa, |aa sa that va
1ac 1|em caa 741?
HcJe (che 1cl 0!\ 0!\ l0H\ V
ll
ka (0atatl
cc ! ! h V
cc
cat
0hc h x x V
cc
h|3
!a tr|ah ! x ! V
|a
K|em tra ! ! h V

c at
0am la tr|ah h x x V
h|3
8aa traa tha|
A
B
C
G
2A
G
2B
G
1
Y
7
V
cc
Y
0
Y
1
Y
2
Y
3
Y
4
Y
5
7 4 1 3
8
7 4 1 3
8
A
B
C
Y
0
...Y
7
G
2A\
G
2B
9c 1c chaa
sc lacc ve cac chaa
Nc vac A,8,0 la cac chaa ac vac sc ah| haa ||t 0 la ||t cc trca sc lca ahat, A la ||t
cc trca sc ahc ahat
0ac chaa ac ra Yc Y7, t|ch cac mac tha
0ac chaa 1|ea kh|ea 0
1
,0
2A
, 0
28
!0 chi hcat 1ca |a| ma kh| cac chaa 1|ea kh|ea 1ca thc|
t|ch cac 01 t|ch cac c mac cac, 0
2A
\ va 0
28
\ t|ch cac c mac tha Kh| mct trca chaa aaa
khca t|ch cac cac ac ra ta Yc Y7 c mac cac
`0|a| 1a hc cac 1aca Ja l|ea va 1aca 1|a chi
Kh| Jaa |c ahc aca|, crt 0 khca cca la crt !0 thaaa taa Nc 1acc ket hc |aa |as 1|a
chi va |as Ja l|ea aea Jaa t|a h|ea A!! va !0 chct 1e chct |ate tha caa |as 1|a chi kh| |at 1aa
mc| cha ka |c ahc lcrt2 chc |ate cac caa |as 1|a chi 0 1aa chaa em Jaa !0 chct 747 9c 1c
chaa, 1ac 1|em va |aa traa tha| caa 747
9c 1c chaa
8aa traa tha|
INPUTS
ENABLE SELECT
OUTPUTS
G
1
G
2
C B A Y
0
Y
1
Y
2
Y
3
Y
4
Y
5
Y
6
Y
7
x H x x x H H H H H H H H
L x x x x H H H H H H H H
H L L L L L H H H H H H H
H L L L H H L H H H H H H
H L L H L H H L H H H H H
H L L H H H H H L H H H H
H L H L L H H H H L H H H
H L H L H H H H H H L H H
H L H H L H H H H H H L H
H L H H H H H H H H H H L
7 4 3 7
3
D
0
-D
7
Q
0
-Q
7
OC \
G
Output
Control (OC)
Enable
G
D OUTPUT
L H H H
L H L L
L L x Q
0
H x x HI-Z
V
cc
Q
0
Q
1
Q
2
Q
3
Q
4
Q
5
Q
6
OE\
D
0
D
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
5
D
6
7 4 3 7
3
ac 1|em
_ 74!97 cm ? !! cc ac ra traa tha| 1acc 1|ea kh|ea chct va xaat Ja l|ea |aa
chaa 0 va 00 Irca aa Jaa aaa chaa 0 1acc ac| vc| chaa A!! caa ?051, chaa 00 ac| mass
_ la !0 chct ? ||t
_ 0ac |c 1em ac ra traa tha|
_ I|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea ac ra traa tha| chaa
`Xe chca cac vaa ahc chaca tr|ah va Ja l|ea |ea aca|
V| |c ahc chaca tr|ah la kcm aea xaa ra vaa 1e |at t|ea kh| hat tr|ea haa mem chc
?051 la tc chac |c ahc aha the aac 1e cc the saa 1c| chaca tr|ah va cc the h| trc la| kh| ac
1acc chaa trca |c ahc kcm 0ach |a| caaet la xe chca cac vaa Ja l|ea va chaca tr|ah Hct |c
ahc kam cc the chaa ca chaca tr|ah va Ja l|ea |aa cach ac| 1aca 0!\ caa kam 1ea ac ra cca
AN cc 2 ac vac la l9!N\ va k\ 9c 1c mach aha h|ah saa chc he |c ahc kam cc 2 chac
aaa vaa la |c ahc chaca tr|ah vaa la |c ahc Ja l|ea
Vaa 1 chaca tr|ah cc the 1acc ta| vac kam (|aa cach h| ac aha |c ahc Ja l|eal va th|
haah chaca tr|ah (|aa cach traa xaat ac aha |c ahc chaca tr|ahl

Khc| h|ea th|
a9c 1c khc| caa mach h|ea th|
8c haa h|ea th| cm ? leJ 7 1caa aacJ chaa V| cac v| xa l| xa l| cac Ja l|ea la sc ah| haa
(1,0 l aea caa cc sa |a| ma ta sc ah| haa saa sc tha haa 9a |a| ma cc the Jaa |a| ma
|aa haa caa (!0 |a| mal Iaa ah|ea vc| haa mem caet leJ aac| ta cc the |am |ct 1acc cac !0
|a| ma |am |a thaah caa mach 1|ea Nhaa 1e ket ac| vc| mach h|ea th| ha| caa cc !0 |ac t|e
vac ra v| cac crt caa ?051 1a Jaa chc mac 1|ch khac ?255 la !0 |ac t|e vac ra sca sca
thca Jaa va cc the 1|ea kh|ea 1acc |aa haa mem aea chaa em sa Jaa ?255 1e |ac t|e
vc| cac th|et || aca| v| (haa h|ea th|l V| Jca ra cac crt caa ?255 rat ahc (lca ahat la crt A
khcaa 5mAl aea caa cc !0 1em Jca 1e aaa Jca lea 1a kec chc leJ saa 0haa em chca !0 1em
74245 Kh| 1aa Ja l|ea ra 1e h|ea th| tat ca cac leJ 1ea ahaa ahaa ta| mct thc| 1|em chi chc he
mct leJ 1acc ahaa Ja l|ea aea ha| cc mach |a| ma 1e chca leJ
0haa em sa Jaa !0 |a| ma 74!91?V| vaa sc 1c khc| caa mach h|ea th| aha saa
WR
RAM
OE\
WR
RD
PSEN

| 0|c| th|ea ve cac l|ah k|ea trca mach
|10ca xaat aha ?255
Irca he thca V| xa la haa maa v| t|ah aea chi |ac t|e vc| |c ahc trca k0H, kAH th|
chaa 1a, maa t|ah cca ha| |ac t|e vc| cac th|et || aca| v| aha |aa h|m, maa h|ah, maa |a, 1e
cca aac| cc the 1c| thca| 1acc maa t|ah caa aha Jaa maa t|ah 1e 1|ea kh|ea cac th|et || khac e
|ac t|e vc| ah|ea th|et || aha vaa, maa t|ah cc the |ac t|e caa ah|ea 1aca va |ac t|e vc| ah|ea
h|ah thac khac ahaa aha |ac t|e ac| t|e, |ac t|e sca sca
V| vaa va| trc caa cca xaat aha ?255 1e |ac t|e |aa maa t|ah vc| th|et || aca| la mct 1|ea
caa th|et |a maa cc the mc rca kha aaa lam v|ec
`9c 1c chaa caa ?255

9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c
I|ah l|ah hcat caa v| mach the h|ea c kha aaa la tr|ah 0aa mct thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea, aac|
sa Jaa xac 1|ah che 1c hcat 1ca va cca aac caa 1acc sa Jaa aha la lc| vac hcac lc| ra 0ac
chaa ra
0
4
7
tac aea |as Ja l|ea ha| ch|ea cc 1c rca la ? ||t ?255 1acc chca |c| t|a h|ea
mac tha c ac vac chca ch| 09\ Kh| ?255 khca 1acc chca, |c 1em |as Ja l|ea ac| ?255 vc|
he thca 1acc tha ac| Kh| 1acc chca, cac ac vac A
0
va A
1
1acc Jaa 1e chca thaah h| 1|ea
kh|ea hcac mct trca cac cca vacra 1e trac 1c| Ja l|ea 0ac hcat 1ca cc |aa caa ?255 1acc
tcm tat trca |aa saa
1
A
0
RD\ WR\ CS\ Hoat ong
L L L H L Port A Bus d lieu
L H L H L Port B Bus d lieu
H L L H L Port C Bus d lieu
L L H L L Bus d lieu Port A
L H H L L Bus d lieu Port B
H L H L L Bus d lieu Port C
H H H L L Bus d lieu T ieu
8 2 5 5
A
D
0
-
RD\
WR\
RESET
CS\
A
0
PA
0
-PA
7
PB
0
-PB
7
PC
0
-PC
3
PC
4
-PC
7
PA
3
PA
2
PA
1
PA
0
RD\
CS\
GND
A
1
A
0
PC
7
PC
6
PC
5
PC
4
PC
0
PC
1
PC
2
PA
4
PA
5
PA
6
PA
7
WR\
RESET
D
0
D
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
5
D
6
D
7
V
cc
PB
7
8 2 5 5
A
8 0 5 1
Port C
H
8 2 5 5
P ortA
em
7 4 2 4
5
Giai ma
7 4 1 3 8
L E D
Port0
Port
2
` 0ac traa tha| lam v|ec caa ?255
0aa |aa traa tha| caa ?255, ta thaa thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea 1at Jac| 1|a chi |ea trca la A
1
= I1], A
0
= I1] Irca mct cha ka h| lea thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea, xac 1|ah cca vacra caa aha che
1c hcat 1ca Kh| chaa k!9!I c mac Ih], thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea se 1acc 1at la| va 1|ah ah|a tcaa |c
24 1aca Jaa aha la cac ac vacIraa tha| aaa kec Ja| tc| kh| chaca tr|ah aa Jaa v|et ta 1|ea
kh|ea vac thaah h| 1|ea kh|ea 1e xac 1|ah che 1c lam v|ec caa ?255
0ac cca A, 8, 0 1acc haa thaah ha| ahcm Nhcm A cm cca A va aaa cac caa cca 0,
ahcm 8 cm cca 8 va aaa tha cca la| caa cca 0 0c che 1c hcat 1ca khac ahaa
0he 1c 0 vacra thca thaca
0he 1c 1 chct vacra
0he 1c 2 |as ha| ch|ea
0he 1c 0
Ia 1|ea kh|ea
0he 1c 0 xac la ha| cca ? ||t (A va 8l va ha| cca 4 ||t (aaa cac va aaa tha caa 0l 8at ka
cca aac caa cc the aha hcac xaat Ja l|ea mct cach 1cc la taa thec cac ||t
4
,
,
1
va
0

0c 2
4
= 15 kha aaa vacra trca che 1c aaa
0aa trac ta 1|ea kh|ea
A
1
A
0
RD\ WR\ CS\
hcat 1ca
L L L H L
lcrt A 8as Ja l|ea
L H L H L
lcrt 8 8as Ja l|ea
H L L H L
lcrt 0 8as Ja l|ea
L L H L L
8as Ja l|ea lcrt A
L H H L L
8as Ja l|ea lcrt 8
H L H L L
8as Ja l|ea lcrt 0
H H H L L
8as Ja l|ea Ia 1|ea kh|ea
x x x x H
8as Ja l|ea c traa tha| h|3
H H L H L
0am
x x H H L
8as Ja l|ea c traa tha| h|3
C lap che
o
1 = tch cc
1 0 0 D
4
D
3
0 D
1
D
0
V| Jca ra cac crt caa ?255 rat ahc (lca ahat la crt A khcaa 5mAl aea caa cc !0 1em Jca
1e aaa Jca lea 1a kec chc leJ saa 0haa em chca !0 1em 74245, saa 1aa la sc 1c chaa, |aa
traa tha| caa 74245
9c 1c chaa va sc 1c lc|c caa 74245 aha saa
Nhcm 8lcrt 0 (thal1
= aha0 = xaatlcrt 81
= aha0 = xaat0hca
che 1c0 = che 1c 01 =
che 1c 1
0c la che 1c
1 = t|ch cac
Nhcm A
N
lcrt 0
(cacl
(
1 = aha
1
0 =
xaat
x
lcrt A
l
1 =
aha
a
0 = xaat
0
0hca
che 1c
00 = che 1c 0
01 = che 1c 1
1x = che 1c 2
1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2
D1 D0
Iaa ah|ea Jca ra lca aea ha| Jaa them 1|ea trc haa Jca ta mc| ac ra (81 _ 8?l caa 74245
4 8aa h|m
V| 1aa la mach 1em saa ham, 1em sc saa ham trca mct thaa, va sc saa ham trca mct
lc, mc| lca| aha vaa cc the aha vac sc 1em trca ham v| ta 0 1ea tc| 1a 9999, Jc 1c chaa
em sa Jaa 10 h|m sc ta 0 1ea 9 Va mc| laa aha sc vac 1e ahaa ||et la aha maa sc hcac 1a
aha xca va maca ||et chc he 1em chaa hcac haa |c sc vaa aha ha| caa sa Jaa them cac
h|m chac aaa, aea chaa em Jaa them 5 h|m chac aaa ta A 1ea ! c 1c |aa h|m cm 15
h|m 1acc ket ac| vac crt 1 caa ?051
9c 1c khc| ket ac| aha saa
Enable
G\Direction
Control
DIROperation
L
L
HL
H

1
2
2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9
10
7 4 2 4 5
20
19
18
17

16
15
14
13
12
11

DIR

A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
Vcc
G\
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
9c 1c chaa
8 0 5 1
B AN P H M
P OR T 1

8
0
5
1
7437
3
ROM
CS\
RAM
CS\
8255-
2
74138
Y
0
Y
1
Y
2
h|ea
th|
kcle
h
8255-
1
Rle
BC
Thu
Pha
t
Port0 Data
A
0
A
7
A
0
A
1
PortA
PortB PortA
PortB.0
A
8
A
12
Port2
A
13
A
15
8AN lhlH
Port1
Add
ress
90 0 Kh0! 0h! I!!I 0UA HA0h !N
lhAN !!
Ih!!I K!,Ih! 00N0VA 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh
0hU0N0 ! Ih!!I K!, Ih! 00N0 lhAN 0UN0
9aa kh| 1a haa t|ch mct mc h|ah he thca v| xa la |aa |c chaa em |at 1aa 1| vac t|ah
tcaa cac |a tr| thac te 1e chc he thca hcat 1ca 1acc V|ec t|ah tcaa laa chca ha| Jaa trea la
thaaet va cac l|ah k|ea thca Jaa trea th| traca
Hac Ja haa caa he thca khca the thaa 1c| 1acc ahaa haa mem cc the thaa 1c| lam
chc he thca cc kha aaa hcat 1ca mct cach l|ah hcat v| vaa th|et ke haa caa ha| caa 1c| sac
chc haa mem khca caa hac ta
! K!I N0! ?051 V0! 80 Nh0 VA 0A0 !0 N00A! V!
1 Ket ac| |c ahc chaca tr|ah |ea aca|
8c xa la ch|ah la !0 ?051 vc| taa sc lam v|ec la 12 Hht 0haa 1?, 19 caa ?051 1acc
ac| vc| thach aah (caa cc the thaa the thach aah |aa t|a h|ea xaa clcckl
8c ahc k0H 1acc chc he |c| t|a h|ea l9!N\ h|ah saa mc ta cach ac| |c ahc !rcm vc|
?051

2 Ket ac| |c ahc Ja l|ea aca|
8c ahc kam 1acc chc he h| 1cc |aa cac t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea hk\ va k\ ?051 cc 1
leah Jaa ahat traa xaat Ja l|ea caa |c ahc Ja l|ea aca| la H0VX Jaa cca trc 15 ||t (lIkl hcac
k0 va k1 xem aha thaah h| 1|a chi
Ket ac| |as 1|a chi va |as Ja l|ea |aa kAH va ?051 caa |ca aha !lk0H Nca| ra, k
caa ?051 1acc ac| tc| chaa chc he xaat (0!\ l caa kam va chaa hk 1acc ac| tc| chaa h|
(hk\l caa kam
D7 - D0
E P R OM
A7- A0
A15 -A8
0E\

lcrt 0

!A
?051

lcrt2

D
7 4 3 7 3

Q ALE
Ket ac| mach |a| ma
`h|ah thaah mach |a| ma 1|a chi Jaa trea |aa 1c |c ahc saa
!0 A
15
A
14
A
1
A
12
A
11
A
10
A
9
A
?
A
7
A
5
A
5
A
4
A
A
2
A
1
A
0
hex
kcm
?K
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0000
h
1!!!h
kam
?K
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2000
h
!!!h
?255
1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
4000
h
400
h
?255
2
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
5000
h
500
h
Iaa ah|ea ta| mct thc| 1|em chi cc 1 !0 ahc 1acc traa xaat aea Jaa cac 1aca 1|a chi A1,
A14, A15 1e haa ||et !aa A15, A1, A14 ac| tc| 1aa vac !0 |a| ma 741? (A,8,0l 0ac ac
ra Y0, Y1,Y2, Y laa lact 1acc ac| tc| 0! caa kcm,kam, 09 caa ?255 Kh| Y| = 0 th| !0 1c 1acc
chca
A1, A14, A15 = 0 chca kcm
A1 = 1, A14, A15 = 0 chca kam
A1 = 0, A14 = 1, A15 = 0 chca ?255
1
A1 =1, A14 = 1, A15 = 0 chca ?255
2
4 Ket ac| mach chct
0haa A!! (chaa 0l caa ?051 ket ac| vc| chaa 0 caa 747 0ac 1aca caa lcrt0 ac|
vc| cac 1aca ta c 1ea 7 caa 747 0ac 1aca t|a h|ea (0
0
0
7
l caa 747 va cac 1aca
D7 - D0
R AM
A7- A0
A15 -A8
0E
WR

Port 0

EA

8051

D

crt 2 (l
20
l
27
l 1acc ac| tc| cac 1aca 1|a chi caa k0H va kAH (A
0
A
12
l cca cac 1aca Ja
l|ea ta crt 0 1acc ac| tc| cac 1aca Ja l|ea caa k0H va kAH, ?255 (
0

7
l
Irca mc| cha ka maa se cc 2 xaa A!! Kh| A!! c mac lc|c cac (0 = 1l va 00\ = (0l th|
ac ra 0c 07 taca aa vc| ac vac , mc| sa thaa 1c| c ac vac 1ea aah haca 1ea ac ra,
lac aaa lcrt 0 taca aa la 1aca 1|a chi Ac A7 Kh| A!! xaca mac tha (0 = 0l, ac ra 0 se
|a aaaea traa tha| tracc 1c |at cha ac vac , lac aaa cac 1aca lcrt 0 taca aa la cac
1aca Ja l|ea c 7
`I|a h|ea l9!N\ caa ?051 (chaa 29l ac| tc| 0! caa kcm 0ac 1aca (k,hkl ac| 1ea k,
hk caa kcm va ?255 c maca xe chca |c ahc aea chc t|a h|ea k\, l9!N caa ?051 caa
cca AN (Jaa 2 cca NAN 7412l 1aa tc| 0!\ caa kam
`h|ah thaah cca tac laa chca kcm A, kcm 8
9c 1c aaaea la caa cca tac laa chca (9c 1c aaaea la mach 1|ea kh|eal
Naaea la hcat 1ca caa cca tac laa chca aha saa
8at ca kh| aac chc he traa xaat kcm (ac vac 1 chaa cca 0k xaca mac lc|c I0]l va
ac ra cca tac laa chca A hcac 8 xaca mac lc|c I0] th| kcm A haa 8 1acc traa xaat
Kh| 9h1 ac| tc| 8, ac ra caa cca NAN (U9Al = 1 ac ra cca 0k (U?Al = 1, kcm A
khca 1acc chca ca thc| kh| 1c, ac ra cca NAN (U98l = 0, aea A1, A14, A15 = 0 th|
ac ra cca 0k (U?8l = 0 kcm 8 1acc chca Nacc la|, cca tac chaaea saa A th| kcm A 1acc
traa xaat
!! Ih!!I K! HA0h k!9!I
Kh| cca tac chaaea ta A saa 8 va aacc la| 1ea reset tcaa |c la| he thca 1e chc l0 =
0000h 8c| v| kh| 1aa lam v|ec ta| kcm A, l0 khac 0000h, kh| chaaea saa kcm 8 l0 |at
1aa ta| 1|a chi khac 0000h lam sa| chaca tr|ah V| vaa mach reset trca 1c aa aaa |ac cm
reset ta chaaea cca tac chca kcm, reset ta aca| 1aa tc| (aea aha ket hc vc| mach khacl, reset
kh| |at 1aa mc| chaca tr|ah 1em saa ham va reset aea aha aaca caa ca aea 9c 1c aaaea la
mach reset trca sc 1c aaaea la mach 1|ea kh|ea
1 Hach reset ta v|ec chca kcm Hach 1acc tac |c| cca aaaJ, !0 74221, cca 0k742
va 1 cca 0k kh| ket hc vc| reset khac
sc 1c chaa va |aa tha| caa 74221 aha saa
9c 1c chaa 9N 74221
8aa traa tha|
!NlUI 0UIlUI
clear A 8 0
0
! X X ! h
X h X ! h
X X ! ! h
h !

h

h
! h
0aa |aa traa tha|

1A

1B

Clr
1Q
2Q
Vcc
Reset
Cset
1Q\
2Q\
clr
2B

7 4 2 2 1
Kh| chaa clear c mac lc|c cac, A c mac lc|c tha va chaa 8 chaaea traa tha| ta mac lc|c
0 lea 1 c ac ra 0 (aacc la| vc| 0\l
Kh| chaa clear c mac lc|c cac, 8 c mac lc|c cac va chaa A chaaea traa tha| ta mac lc|c
1 xaca 0 th| th| 74211 tac ra mct xaa Jaca c ac ra 0
0aa tr|ah reset 1acc thac h|ea aha saa
Kh| 9h chaaea saa 8, ac ra caa cca NAN (U9Al ta 0 lea 1 chaa 8 caa74211
(U108l ta 0 lea 1, A = 0 cc mct xaa c ac ra 0 ac ra cca 0k lea 1 Jaa 1ea k9I = 1
he thca || reset 1ea reset (4 saal Kh| chaaea cca tac saa A, ac ra cca aaaJ (U9Al ta 1
xaca 0chaa A caa 74221 ta 1 xaca 0, 8 = 1 cc xaa ra c ac ra 0 74211 (U10Al
mach || reset
2 keset |aa aat ahaa
Kh| ahaa aat, 1 chaa caa cca aaaJ U2A 1acc ac| mass ac ra = 1, reset (k9Il = 1, he
thca || reset (1ca thc| kh| 1c chaa cca la| caa cca aaaJ laca 1acc |a c mac cacl Kh| ket ac|
vc| mach 1|ea khac, mach 1|ea khac cc the reset mach 1|ea aaa caa heaJer (Jl?l 9a tac 1ca
thca caa sa aat Jaa caa 0
0?2? Kh| 0
Jaa (cc tac 1ca |ea aca|l, ac ra cca aaaJ (U2Al

= 1, ac ra cca 0k = 1, k9I = 1, he thca || reset
keset kh| aaca caa ca aea
0ac !0 sc chi hcat 1ca tct kh| aaca caa ca ca 1|ah Kh| 1|ea a aaca aea, cac !0 hcat
1ca

hca lcaa, aea khca cc sa h|ea th| ve aaca caa ca se aa ra traca hc mach hcat 1ca
sa| ma khca ||et 1acc aaaea ahaa Irea mach 1|ea aaa, 1|ea aea th| leJ xaah ( 7l se saa va lac
1c th| mach se || reset chc 1ea kh| aaca caa ca ca 1|ah, cca kh| aaca ca 1|ah th| leJ 1c (?l
se saa 0aa tr|ah reset thac h|ea Jaa trea sa aat Jaa caa traas|stcr ket hc vc| cca NaaJ
7412 Naaea la hcat 1ca mach reset aha saa
Kh| 1|ea aea (V
h
< ,7 Vcltl, 3eaer (5, 5l khca Jaa 05 khca Jaa, ac ra cca Nct
(cca aaaJ 7412l = 0, 05, khca Jaa, 07 Jaa (leJ xaah saal, 0? Jaa mct chaa caa cca aaaJ
(U2Al || ac| mass, mach || reset
Kh| aaca caa ca 1aa 1a, 5,5 Jaa, 05 Jaa, 05, 07 khca Jaa, 09 Jaa leJ 1c saa
mach hcat 1ca ||ah thaca
I|ah tcaa cac |a tr| 1|ea trc haa cac chc traas|stcr kh| aaca caa ca aea
V| mach sa Jaa cac traas|stcr lam v|ec c traa tha| |ac hca aea 1|ea k|ea 1e chc traas|stcr hcat
1ca c traa tha| aaa la !
8
> !
09AI
,
V
8!9AI
=0?V ,
V
0!9AI
=02V ,
Irca mach keset aaa cc Jaa 74h012 (cca NAN l cc cac thca sc aha saa
V
!h(H!Nl
|ea a ac vac tha ahat c mac I 1]
V
!!(HAXl
|ea a ac vac cac ahat c mac I0 ]
V
0h(H!Nl
|ea a ac ra tha ahat c mac I 1 ]
V
0h(H!Nl
|ea a ac ra cac ahat c mac I 0 ]
V
!h(H!Nl
= 5 (Vl
V
!!(HAXl
= 1 (V l
V
0h(H!Nl
= 49 (V l
V
0h(HAXl
= 01 ( V l
I|ah tcaa cac |a tr|
1 Iraas|stcr 0
1
(0?2? l

k
8
< 12,5k 0hca k
8
= k5 = 10k
2 Iraas|stcr 02 (A554 l

0hca k
8
= k7 = 10K
Iraas|stcr 04 (0?2? l
Ha 1|ea k|ea |ac hca la !
8
> !
c9AI
+ Chon = 40
+ Chon dong qua led la
10mA
=

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
C
R
Chon R
C
= 220

mA mA A I I
LEDtt CSATtt
15 13 013 . 0
220
2 . 0 2 5
= =

= =
+ Chon = 40
+ Chon dong qua led la 10mA
C
CESAT LED CC
CSAT
R
V V V
I

=
C
CESAT LED CC
CSAT
R
V V V
I

=
10 . 13
40 ). 8 , 0 9 . 4 (
3
<
<
B
B
B E S A T O H
C S A T
R
R
V V
x I
+ Chon R
C
= 220
mA mA I
CSAT
13 013 . 0
220
2 . 0 2 5
= =

=
=

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
C
R
+ Chon dong qua LED la
10mA
C
ECSAT LED CC
CSAT
R
V V V
I

=
+ Chon = 40 , ieu kien bao hoa:
I
B
> I
CSAT
=

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
C
R
Chon R
C
= 220
mA I
CSATtt
13
10 220
2 . 0 2 5
3
=
SATtt
B
OL EBSATt CC
I
R
V V V
>

=

=

< K
I
V V V
R
SATtt
OL EBSATt CC
B
5 , 12
13
) 1 , 0 8 , 0 5 ( 40 ) (
0hca k
8
= k19 = 10k
4 Iraas|stcr 05 (0?2?l
0hca = 40
0hca Jca !
0
=10mA
k
c
=1K
!
8
> !
c9AI
5 Iraas|stcr 05 (0?2? l
0hca = 40
8
> !
c9AI
, chca k
c
= 1K
0hca k
8
= k24 = 10 k
5Iraas|stcr 07 ( A 554 l
0hca = 40
0hca Jca caa leJ la 10mA
( )
( )
=

< K R
B
16 , 34
2 . 0 5
1 8 . 0 9 . 4
. 40
( )
=
K R I
R
V V
B CSAT
B
BESAT OH
61 , 12
13
8 . 0 9 . 4
40
=
480
10 . 10
2 . 0 5
3
C
CE CC
C
I
V V
R
C
CESAT CC
B
BESAT D D CC
R
V V
R
V V V V

6 5
( )
CESAT CC
C D D CC
B
V V
R V V V
R
6 5

( )
=

=
K 17 . 4
2 . 0 5
1 8 , 0 3 7 . 0 5
40
0hca k
8
< 417K, laa k
8
(k21l

la ||ea trc 20K 1e 1|ea chiah chc ch
C
CESAT CC
B
BESAT OH
R
V V
R
V V

LED
ECSAT LED CC
C
I
V V V
R

= =

=
280
10 . 10
2 . 0 2 5
3
Chon R
C
=330
C
ECSAT LED CC
LEDtt
R
V V V
I

= mA 5 . 8
10 . 330
2 . 0 2 5
3
=

=
8
> !
c9AI
0hca k
8
= k25 = 7,5 K
7Iraas|stcr 0? (0?2? l
0hca = 40
8
> !
c9AI
0hca k
0
= 1k
0hca k
8
= k27 = 15 K
?Iraas|stcr 09 ( A 554 l
0hca = 40
0hca Jca caa leJ la 10mA
8
> !
c9AI
C
CESAT CC
B
BESAT CC
R
V V
R
V V
>
K R
R
B
B
35
1 8 . 4
2 . 4 40
1
2 . 0 5 8 . 0 5
40
Chon R
C
=220
Vay dong qua led thc
mA
R R
V V V
I
C C
ECSAT LED CC
LEDtt
13
2 . 0 2 5
=

=

=
C
ECSAT LED CC
B
EBSAT OL CC
R
V V V
R
V V V
>

=

=

< K
V V V
R V V V
R
ECsat LED CC
C OL EBsat CC
B
325 , 19
2 , 0 2 5
330 ) 1 , 0 8 , 0 5 ( 40 ) (
C
ECsat LED CC
B
OL EBsat CC
R
V V V
R
V V V
>
) (

=

=
280
10 10
2 2 , 0 5 ) (
3
LED
LED CESAT CC
C
I
V V V
R
0hca k2? = k
8
=10 k
4 0ach t|ah taa sc caet !!
- 0c| a sc !! caa h|ea th|
- 0c| thc| |aa hat saa caa mc| !! (s l
- 0c| I la cha ka h|ea th| caa a !! I = a ( s l
- 0c| f taa sc caet
=
N
cha

k| aat caa mc| !! (s l
Hc| l|ea he |aa ch|ea Ja| saa ham (cm l vc| vaa tcc |aa chaaea (msl

aa Jc 8at 1aa Ket thac

0c| I cha k| caet 1aa Jc (ms l
|ea k|ea 1e chc 1aa Jc hat h|ea saa ham
0h|ea Ja| ahc ahat caa saa ham
Vaa tcc tc| 1a caa |aa chaaea
!!! K!I N0! KlI V! !!U Kh!!N V0! Ih!!I 8[ N00A! V!
=

= K
x
57 , 12
2 , 0 2 5
220 ) 2 , 0 8 , 0 5 (
40
) (
.
1 1
Hz
n T
f
= =
) (
.
1 1
Hz
n T
f
N
= =
T
T
L
2
T
T
L
=
: Ihc| |aa Jc mac tha (ms l
- Goi
) (
. 10
) (
10
.
) (
10
s
m
T
d
v cm
T v
d ms
v
d
T
L
L
L

) (
10
.
cm
T v
d
L
MIN
=
) (
. 10
s
m
T
d
v
L
MAX
=
1 Ket ac| vc| |aa h|m
8aa h|m cm 15 h|m ket ac| vc| k|t v| 1|ea kh|ea thca caa lcrt 1 caa ?051 9c 1c ket
ac| aha saa
P0.0

P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
8 0 5 1
P0.4
P0.5
0 1 2 3
4 5 6
7
8 9 A B
C D E F
8AN0 HA lhlH
lh|m Ha caet Ha hex lh|m Ha caet Ha hex
0 00 00h ? 0? ?0h
1 01 !9h 9 09 90h
2 02 A4h A 10 ??h
0 80h 8 11 ?h
4 04 99h 0 12 05h
5 05 92h 1 A1h
5 05 ?2h ! 14 ?5h
7 07 !?h ! 15 ?!h
2 Ket ac| h|ea th|
lhaa h|ea th| |ac cm ? !eJ 7 1caa chaa aacJ 8as Ja l|ea xaat ra h|ea th| 1acc ac| tc|
lcrtA caa ?255
2
V| Jca ra ta| mc| chaa cac lcrt caa ?255 chi cc khcaa 4mA, ma mc| !eJ
saa th| ha| caa ca Jca khcaa ? 10mA aea ha| Jaa !0 1em aea lcrtA caa ?255 ac| tc|
cac ac vac A1 _ A? caa 74245, |as Ja l|ea ac ra ac| caa 1|ea trc haa Jca 1ea cac thaah caa
!eJ 7 1caa Vc| mach |a| ma chca !eJ |a ac vac A, 8, 0 caa 741? se 1acc ac| tc| l05 l07
caa ?255, chaa chc he 02 ac| tc| l04 caa ?255 Kh| l04 xaca mac tha, 02 = I0], chc
he !eJ saa 8aa traa tha| chca !eJ aha saa
I|ah tcaa 1|ea trc trca mach h|ea th|
Nc vac
0hc he 0ac chaa laa chca
G1 G2 C B A
0hca !eJ
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
H
H
H
H
L
L
H
H
L
L
H
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
L
H
Led 1
Led 2
Led 3
Led 4
Led 5
Led 6
Led 7
Led 8
e chc mct thaah leJ 1a saa th| Jca 1|ea caa ac la 10 mA, Jc 1c 1e ca leJ 7 1caa saa
th| Jca caa ca chc leJ la ! = 7 x 10 = 70 mA aa caa ch|ah la Jca !c caa traas|stcr Vaa
chca traas|stcr lca| A1255 vc| he sc khaaech 1a| la 50
Vaa Jca !
8
la
|ea trc haa cac k1 la
0hca k1 = , k, ahc hca |a tr| t|ah tcaa 1e Jca lca traas|stcr ahaah |ac hca Vaa
Jca !
8
thac te la
I|ah k2 (1|ea trc haa Jca chc leJl
Kh| traas|stcr |ac hca, 1|ea a V
0!9AI
= 0,2 V va 1|ea a rc| trea leJ la 2V Jc 1c
V
k2
= Vcc V
0!9AI
V
!!
= 5 0,2 2 = 2,?V

0hca k2 = 270 (l 0hca k2 lca hca t|ah tcaa 1e traas|stcr ahaah |ac hca
c Ket ac| mach rcle
I|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea rcle 1acc laa ra ta lcrtA caa ?255
1
kcle se tac 1ca kh| 1em xca sc
laca saa ham ca| 1at tracc 0 1aa chaa em |a 1|ah sa tac 1ca caa rcle |aa 1ea !eJ h|ea th|
Kh| leJ saa taca aa vc| tac 1ca caa rcle 0|ca aha mach h|ea th|, t|a h|ea laa ra 1|ea kh|ea rcle
1acc 1aa caa |c 1em 74245 va haa Jca |aa 1|ea trc
cc
Led
k2 1|ea trc
haa Jca
R1
|ea trc
haa cac
mA
I
I
C
B
1 , 1
60
70
= = =
) ( 90 , 3
1 , 1
7 , 0 5
1
1
=
= = K
I
V V
I
U
R
B
BE CC
B
R
mA I
B
3 , 1
3 , 3
7 , 0 5
=
=
mA I
LEDtt
1 , 11
10 251
2 , 0 2 5
3
=
= = =

251
7
10 . 60 . 3 , 1
8 , 2
7
3
2
2
CMAX
R
I
V
R
Vay
I|ah 1|ea trc haa Jca k
e chc mc| leJ saa th| Jca caa ca chc ac la 10mA Vaa 1|ea trc caa aa them vac 1e haa
Jca chc leJ la
0hca k1 trea thac te la 0 (l Vc| v|ec chca k1 lca hca t|ah tcaa ahaa Jca caa leJ
|am khca 1aa ke aea vaa cha ahaa
!!! Ih!!I K! VA IlNh I0AN HA0h 0AH 8!!N
1 Khc| hat

=
= k
I
V V
R
LED
LED CC
3 , 0
10
2 5
1
R
A
R
B
C
2 1
5
8 4
3
C
1
7
6
Nc ra
V
CC

I|ah tcaa 1|ea trc va ta trea mach Jac 1ca 555
mA
R
V V
I
LED CC
LEDtt
09 , 9
10 330
2 5
3
1
=
Vay dong thc te qua led

la:
aa sca

t
c
=0,59(k
A
k
8
l0
k
A
,k
8
[chm] 0[!] t[s]
t
J
=0,59k
8
0 I= t
c
t
J
=0,59(k
A
2k
8
l0
` Nea chca 1ca v| k[K] , 0[!] t[ms] ,f
0
[Kht]
1e xaa tac ra aa aha 1ea ahaa 1e k|ch th|ch chc A554 Jaa maah, lam Jca !
8
lca saa ra Jca
caa !! lca, t|a h|ea hat ra ta !! maah th| |ea khc| 1aa Jc mc| ahaa 1acc t|a h|ea
2 Khc| 1aa Jc
Iaa sc Jac 1ca r|ea caa mach
0hca k
15
= 10K
0
10
=0,1!
2K k 20K
v| f chc he 0,01ht f 500Kht f
0
thca 1|ea k|ea chc he
0hca 0
?
=1! ,0
9
=2,2 !
( )C R R T
fo
B A
2
45 , 1 1
+
= =
Khz
C R
fo 1 , 1
1 , 0 . 10
1 , 1 1 , 1
10 15
= = =
10
1
8
1

B
A
R
R

0hca
2/3Vcc
1/3 Vcc
Vcc

0V
T
t
c
t
d
|ea a ra
|ea a trea ta
t
t
`0 khc| hat t|a hca aca|
0hca ta 0
5
= 0,001!
Iaa sc caa mach th|et ke = taa sc f
0
caa 1aa Jc
Nea f = f
0
=1,1kht
0hca k
A
, k
8
sac chc thca 1|ea k|ea trea
!aa thec |a tr| thaca ma| saa ra
0hca k
8
=520K, k
A
=7?K
V| Jaa k
A
la mct ||ea trc 1|ea chiah aea chca k
A
=100K
Iraas|stcr 0
1
A554 chca he sc khaech 1a| =200
Kh| !eJ hca aca| Jaa th| V
!!
=2V
0hca Jca caa !eJ hca aca| khcaa 50mA (1e t|a h|ea hat ra maah v| vaa ma khc|
1aa Jc mc| ahaa 1accl
0hca k
11
= 120
ca thac te caa !! kh| k
11
=120
!
0sat
==55,57mA
e chc 0
1
Jaa |ac hca
!
8
>!
0sat

Ha V
!|sat
0,?V
V
cat
ta| chaa (ac ra 555 l0,2V
0hca k
10
=10K
` 0 khc| 1aa Jc !0 !H 24 !0 lam v|ec vc| lca| aaca 1ca, chca 1c lc| 100J8
( ) C Rb Ra T
fo f
. 2
45 , 1 1
+
= = =
( ) = = = = +

K
C fo
R R
B A
1318 10 . 31 , 1
10 . 10 . 10 . 1 , 1
45 , 1
.
45 , 1
2
6
6 3 3
mA
R
V V V
I
LED ECSAT cc
Csat
67 , 56
12 , 0
8 , 6
12 , 0
2 2 , 0 9
11
= =

=

=
= =

=

= 136 136 , 0
50
2 2 , 0 9
11
K
I
V V V
R
CSAT
LED ECSAT cc
Csat out SAT EB cc

B
I
R
V V V
I
10

=
( ) mA
R
I
B
28335 , 0
200
67 , 56 2 , 0 8 , 0 9
10
=

=
= K R 23 , 28
28335 , 0
8
10

100
13
14
= =
R
R
A
V
0hca k
14
=100K
k
1
=1K
k
12
thaca ta 0K 55K, chca k
12
=55K
0
7
=0,1! (ta l|ea lacl
c hcat 1ca caa khc| hat va khc| 1aa Jc
c khc| hat va khc| 1aa Jc 1acc th|et ke f= f
0
=1,1Kht
Irca 1c f taa sc hat ra caa khc| hat t|a hca aca|
f
0
taa sc traa tam caa khc| 1aa Jc
Kh| chaa cc saa ham aac 1| caa leJ hca aca| hat t|a h|ea caa hctc 0
2
,hctc 0
2
ahaa
t|a h|ea 0aa |c khaech 1a|, khaech 1a| t|a h|ea lca lea 1e !0 557 ahaa ||et 1acc v| c leJ hca
aca| Jca ra khcaa 55,57mA ac hat ra t|a h|ea maah va cc kha aaa traaea 1| xa, kh| caa
hctc 0
2
t|a h|ea || saa aea aea ha| khaech 1a| lea
V| Jc th|et ke f=f
0
=1,1Kht tac la taa sc vac ha hc vc| taa sc traa tam th| ac ra chaa
? c mac tha [0] 0ca kh| chc saa ham 1| caa che leJ hca aca| th| t|a h|ea ta leJ hca aca|
hat ra khca traaea caa 1acc hctc 0
2
Ket caa la taa sc vac (ff
0
=1,1Khtl khac vc| taa sc
traa tam aea ac ra ? c mac cac [1], cc xaa k|ch tc| ac vac (7l 1|ea a chaa ? lea mac
cac
0hU0N0 !! 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh !!U Kh!!N
A IhUAI 0!A!
! 0haca tr|ah ch|ah
e cac th|et || hcat 1ca 1acc 1aa t|ea ha| khc| 1ca cac th|et || aca| v|, khc| 1ca I|mer
chc he aat 9aa 1c c| chaca tr|ah aha sc hc, aha sc saa ham Nea 1ca a sc 1em 1a
aha vac th| chc he |aa chaaea hcat 1ca (1ca rcle 80l cc Ja l|ea ta cam ||ea (1aa Jcl Nea
cc saa ham 1| caa th| c| chaca tr|ah 1em Nea 1a saa ham mct hc th| c| rcle 1ca hc 1ca
thc| c| chaca tr|ah 1em hc Nea 1a sc hc th| |aa chaaea aaa hcat 1ca va chc chc ca t|e
thec Kh| 1a hcaa thaah 9 ca saa ham th| caaa la| lam ta ca 1
- Goi chng trnh con au do - em san pham - Ro-le ong hop, em hop
- Cho phep bang truyen ngng hoat
ong
trong cac ca

Na |a tr| 1aa #00h vac cac c ahc
Khc| 1ca th|et || aca| v|
Khc| 1ca thaah h| I|mer, chc he aat
Ca: =Ca + 1
Ca: = 0
0c| chaca tr|ah cca aha hc
0c| chaca tr|ah cca aha saa ham
0hc he |aa traaea hcat 1ca
a 9l
kcle 1ca hc, 1em hc (k! hl
0c| chaca tr|ah cca 1aa Jc (AU0l
em saa ham
S
0c| chaca tr|ah cca Jc h|m (!N h!Xl
a
Phm E Ca = 9
S
0hc he |aa chaaea aaa hcat 1ca
0c| chaca tr|ah laa sc hc, sc saa ham
0c| chaca tr|ah xem sc l|ea laa |at k| ca nao
S
S
!! 0A0 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh 00N
1 0haca tr|ah cca khc| 1ca aca| v|
?255 chi hcat 1ca kh| aa chc ac ta 1|ea kh|ea v| vaa 1e |ac t|e vc| cac th|et || aca| v|
caa khc| 1ca chc cac c ahc caa ?255
Ret
Na |a tr| |aa 1aa 1e mc rcle 1ca hc
Na |a tr| |aa 1aa xca ? leJ 7 1caa
Khc| 1ca ?255 2
Na |a tr| |aa 1aa chc ac Ja hca
Na |a tr| |aa 1aa chc rcle |aa traaea
Khc| 1ca ?255 1
Na |a tr| |aa 1aa 1e chca leJ saa
8at 1aa
2 0haca tr|ah aat h|ea th|
Irca chaca tr|ah aat, thc| |aa aat 1acc xac 1|ah |aa cc traa t|mer Nha vaa ca saa
250 s cac leJ la| 1acc caet Vc| thc| |aa aat ahc, Ja l|ea ra khc cc the caaa sat 1acc v| vaa
Jelaa saa mc| laa h|ea th| |aa v|ec |am thaah h| k2 Kh| k2 = 0 chc he xaat Ja l|ea ra h|ea
th| 0ac !eJ se 1acc caet l|ea tac ta !eJ 771ea !eJ 70, vc| Ja l|ea xaat ra h|ea th| ta c ahc 77h
1ea c ahc 70h
!aa 1c thaat |a| aha saa
0haca tr|ah cca ahaa sc
0haca tr|ah aaa chc he aha sc tha haa Nea h|m ahaa ta 0 1ea 9 th| ahaa sc cca
h|m ta A 1ea ! th| xca sc 9c ahaa th| ||t 7 = I0], 7! = I0] 9aa kh| aha sc l|ea xca aea
0hc he aat
R1 = # 69H

R2 = 0
k2 1
I00 0 1 k2
0hca leJ h|ea th|
Xaat Ja l|ea ra leJ
k1 1
R1 # 77H
Ihcat 1
ket
S
8at 1aa
S
thaa caa leJ h|ea th| 1aa sc l|ea 1a aha vac th| ahaa h|m A tac la 1at ||t Y!9 = 1 (7! = 1l 1e
ket thac caa tr|ah aha sc l|ea 0ca 1aa aha aea maca |c sc l|ea vaa aha vac th| ahaa h|m
h|m 8 tac la 1at ||t N0 = 1 (7 = 1l Kh| aha xca sc saa ham va sc hc thca caa chaca
tr|ah cca ahaa sc aaa th| ahaa h|m 0 tac la chc he saa ham ta lac aaa 1| caa 1aa Jc va |at
1aa 1em
4 0haca tr|ah taa 1
0a cc mct saa ham 1| caa 1aa Jc (cha a ac ra chaa ? caa !0557 ta aac lc|c 0 lea mac 1 saa
1c 1acc 1aa caa cca 1ac aea ac ra la mac lc|c 0l 1acc 1aa vac ||t 0 caa crt 81 se lam thaa
1c| mac lc|c ta 1 xaca 0 th| c ahc Jaa chc v|ec 1em saa ham se 1acc taa lea mct 1ca v|
thca caa v|ec c| chaca tr|ah cca taa 1, va kh| 1a sc saa ham th| c ahc Jaa chc v|ec 1em sc
hc caa 1acc taa lea mct 1ca v| thca caa chaca tr|ah cca taa 1, va ca mc| laa aha vaa sa
8at 1aa
C = 1
A = # 0AH
S
Xca ||t Y!9
Xca ||t N0
0c| chaca tr|ah Jc h|m

at ||t Y!9
Xca A
A = # 0BH at ||t N0
Xca cc 0
A # 0Ah
RET
S

S
thaa 1c| sc l|ea trca cac c ahc 1acc 1aa l|ea tac ra leJ 1e h|ea th| V| 1em saa ham 1ea tc| 1a la
999 va 1em sc hc tc| 1a la 9999 aea ha| sa Jaa 2 |ate 1e 1em saa ham ta haa 1ca v| 1ea
haa chac sa Jaa |ate tha, cca haa tram va haa aaa sa Jaa |ate cac Nea kh| sc saah sc
l|ea 1aa 1em vc| sc l|ea 1a laa |aa 1aa xem 1a |aa chaa th| ha| sc saah laa lact |ate cac tracc
tac la haa aaa, haa tram saa 1c tc| |ate tha tac la haa chac haa 1ca v|
5 0haca tr|ah cca k|em tra h|m aa !N h!X
Nea aha cc h|m 1acc aa th| ||t 0 = 0 V| cc khcaa thc| |aa ahaa h|m aea c| chaca tr|ah Jc
t|m ma h|m aa 50 laa |aa v|ec aa 50 vac k va |am k Kh| k = 0 th| cat ma h|m vac
aaa xe Irca lac 1c| h|m 1acc aha ra c| chaca tr|ah Jc t|m ma h|m aa 50 laa 1e xem h|m
cc cca 1acc ahaa aaa haa khca Kh| k = 0 th| laa ma h|m trac chc thaah h| A
RET
Xca cc traa ha A0
Xca cc traa 0
A A +1
h|ea chiah tha haa thaah h| A
8at 1aa

8at 1aa
RET
Khca cc h|m aa
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
0c| 0I Jc ma h|m
C= 0
S
R3 - 1
0c h|m aa
0at A00
R3= 0
0c| 0I Jc
ma h|m
C = 1
S
S
R3 - 1
R3= 0
!aa A00
!aa 1c thaat |a| k|em tra h|m aa
S
5 0haca tr|ah Jc ma h|m aa
?051 laca 1cc Ja l|ea ta lcrt 1 1e Jc t|m ma h|m Kh| cc mct h|m 1acc aa th| cc 0 = 1
va ma caa h|m aa 1acc laa tam thc| vac thaah h| k5 9aa 1c taa Jaa k5 lea 4 1ca v| 1e Jc ma
h|m t|e thec, (ma h|m l (Al
R6 =0
#!! A
# 4 k5
A k7
#4 A
X0A 0
A k5
A k5
k7 A
R7 A
Xoay A
R6 - 1
8at
A k7
A l1
cc crt 1
A AN #0!0h
XOAY A
Xcaa ha| A caa 0
XO
A = #
R6 + 4
R5 - 1
at cc c
k5 A
S
C
= 0
(3)
S
S
(3)
(l
R5 = 0
S
RET
7 0haca tr|ah 1aa Jc
?051 laca laca 1cc Ja l|ea ta 1aa Jc (lcrt 84l aea ac| Jaa thaah h| A |aa ac| Jaa
c ahc 4001h 0a mc| saa ham 1| tc| cam ||ea, cam ||ea se tac ra mac lc|c 1|ea a cac 5 vclt,
lac 1c lcrt 80 = 1 = A000 V| cc khcaa thc| |aa saa ham 1| caa aea mac lc|c 1|ea a ha|
tca ta| |t ahat khcaa 100s Jc 1c ha| l|ea tac k|em tra Ja l|ea ta 1aa Jc Kh| mac lc|c 1|ea a
chaaea ta 1 xaca 0 (taca aa vc| 1 saa ham 1a 1| caa cam ||eal th| ha| cc khcaa thc| |aa
|t ahat 1e chc saa ham t|e thec 1| tc| aea mac lc|c tha caa ha| tca ta| |t ahat 100s c
mac 1|ea a trca khcaa thc| |aa 100 s |aa cach aa 100 vac k, |am k, kh| k 0
vaa t|e tac Jc mac !aa 1c thaat |a| Jc mac 1|ea a aha saa
8at 1aa
lIk # 0AH 8!!N
k #100
A OlIk
S
ACC. 0
R3 = 0
R3 - 1
S
R3 #100
A OlIk (1cc crt 81l
ACC.0 =
S
S
R3 - 1
RET
R3 = 0
? 0haca tr|ah 8laak xca sc 0 khca cc ah|a
0haca tr|ah aaa cc a ah|a aha saa kh| sc saa ham haa sc hc chi tc| haa 1ca v|, chac,
tram th| ahaa sc 0 1aa tracc ac khca cc ah|a || lca| |c (khca saa l va cac c ahc cc ah|a
1acc laa (laa lact ta haa 1ca v| haa aaal vac cac c ahc ta 70h 77h !ca| |c |aa cach
sc saah |a tr| lca ahat haa aaa vc| sc 0 aea 1aa la 0 th| xca leJ h|ea th| haa aaa, t|e tac
sc saah xem c ahc haa tram vc| sc 0 aea 1aa la 0 th| xca leJ h|ea th| haa tram, taca ta chc
haa chac, cca c ahc haa 1ca v| |a tr| |aa |ac ah|ea th| leJ haa 1ca v| caa h|ea th|
8at 1aa
A !Hh0l h
!! 70 N0AN
!! 71 IkAH
A DEMHOP L
LED 72 CHUC
LED 73 DONVI
A DEM_ SPL
LED 76 CHUC
LED 77 DONVI
A DEM_SP H
LED 75 TRAM
A LED 70
( 1
( 1)
A =0
S
Xca LED 72
A LED 75
Xca !ED 70
A LED 71
A =0
S
Xca LED 71
A LED 72
A =
Xca LED 75
A LED 76
A =
S
Xca LED 76
RET
A
0haca tr|ah |laak

9 0haca tr|ah aha hc
0haca tr|ah chc he aha cac sc ta 1 1ea 9999 Nea sc 1acc ahaa ta A 1ea ! th| aea caa
aha la| Kh| sc 1acc ahaa laa vac thaah h| A ta 1 1ea 9 aea cha ahaa sc th| cac ||t 7, 7! =
0 va kh| ||t 7 = 1 th| aea caa aha la| hc, ||t 7! = 1, th| thcat khc| chaca tr|ah 0ac |a tr|
1acc aha aaa 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta (74hl 1ea (77hl va 70 (!UUh0l!laa hc |ate thal,
7 (!UUh0lh laa hc |ate cacl Nea 1ca a vc| sc 1a aha th| ahaa A aacc la| la 8 (xca sc 1a
ahal
8at 1aa
A = 0
BIT 7D = 1
h!!N Ih[ aha 0
!UU h0l ! # 00h
!UU h0l h # 00h
0c| ahaa sc tha ahat
A 0N V[
0N V[ !UU h0l !
0c| ahaa sc tha 2
BIT 7E = 1
BIT 7D = 1
RET
(1)

S

(2)
0N V[ 0hU0
A 0N V[
0hU0 0N V[ !UU h0l !
0c| ahaa sc tha
(2)
8!I 7! = 1
S

BIT 7E = 1
S
IkAH N0AN
0hU0 IkAH
0N V[ 0hU0
A 0N V[
0hU0, 0N V[ !UU h0l !
N0AN,IkAH !UU h0lh
R E T
A = # 0AH
S
S
A = # 0BH
0c| chaca tr|ah
BIT 7D = 1
S
0hU0 IkAH
0N V[ 0hU0
A 0N V[
0hU0 0N V[ !UU h0l !
!UU h0lh IkAH
0c| ahaa sc tha 4
(1)
BIT 7D = 1
(1)
S
L u o chng trnh
nha p hop
10 0haca tr|ah aha saa ham
0haca tr|ah chc he aha cac sc ta 1 1ea 999 9c chi 1acc aha kh| cac ||t 7, 7! = 0
va kh| ||t 7 = 1 th| aea caa aha la| 0ac |a tr| 1acc aha aaa 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta (74hl
1ea (77hl va 70 (!UU9l! laa saa ham |ate thal, 7 (!UU9lh laa saa ham |ate cacl Nea
1ca a vc| sc 1a aha th| ahaa A aacc la| la 8 (xca sc 1a ahal
8at 1aa
A = 0
S
S
h|ea th| Nha
0
0
!UU 9l! # 00h
!UU 9lh # 00h
0c| ahaa sc tha ahat
BIT 7D =
1
0N V[ A
!UU 9l! 0NV[
0c| ahaa sc tha 2
BIT 7E = 1
S
BIT 7D = 1
0hU0 0N V[
0N V[ A
!UU 9l! 0hU0,0NV[
0c| ahaa sc tha
(2)
(3)
S
(2)
S
BIT 7E = 1
BIT 7D = 1
IkAH 0hU0
0hU0 0N V[
0N V[ A
!UU 9l! 0hU0,0NV[
!UU 9lh IkAH
0c| chaca tr|ah Jc h|m
A = # 0CH A = # 0BH
S
R E T
S
(1)
(3)
0haca tr|ah cca aha saa ham
11 0haca tr|ah Jelaa
e khca che thc| |aa Jelaa aa |a tr| |aa 1aa chc t|mer 9et chc t|mer chaa Kh| t|mer 1em
|aa thc| |aa aa th| cc |ac traa 1acc set lea I1] Haca thc| |aa Jelaa lca aa |a tr| chc k4,
|am k4 saa mc| laa traa t|mer Nha the thc| |aa Jelaa se la
t = (k4l x ccaat0 Kh| k4 = 0 la het thc| |aa Jelaa
12 0haca tr|ah cca laa sc saa ham sc hc trca mc| ca saa xaat
0haca tr|ah aaa laa ket caa caa mc| ca saa xaat 9c hc, sc saa ham 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta
0h 5h Xet ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h, aea ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h = 1 va saa kh| 1em xca va
|aa chaaea |ac h|ea aaa 1em th| ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h trac chc thaah h| A va laa ket caa vac
ca 1 Nea ca saa chc he hcat 1ca th| ac| Jaa c ahc 2!h taa lea 1 va taca ta 1acc laa vac
ca taca aa ( ca = ca tracc 1l
1 0haca tr|ah cca chc he xem sc l|ea caa ca saa xaat
0haca tr|ah aaa xem ket caa caa mc| ca saa xaat, ca the la xem ac| Jaa sc hc sc saa ham
trca mc| ca saa xaat 0 1e ta| aaa chaa em chi v|et chaca tr|ah xem tc| 1a la 9 ca Iac la kh|
maca k|em tra ca aac th| aha ca the ca 1c la ca tha maa thca caa |aa h|m |aa cach ahaa mct
8at 1aa
Ih0 # h!0hI 00UNI0
I!0 # !0h 00UNI0
Ik0 = 1
COUNT 0
Xca cc traa
k4 1
0haa
t|mer
S

R4 = 0

S
Ret
(FFFF 0000)
sc Iracc 1c sc hc, sc saa ham 1acc laa vac cac c ahc ta 0h 5h Kh| rcle |aa chaaea
1a aaa hcat 1ca saa mct ca aac 1c aea t|e tac maca aha sc l|ea vac 1e 1em chc ca t|e thec
th| ahaa mct h|m |at ka khac h|m ! 0ca aea ahaa h|m ! tac la chc he xem sc l|ea caa cac
ca, chi caa ahaa h|m cc lca| tra h|m chac aaa th| ma h|m ahaa 1c 1acc laa vac thaah h| A
Nea A |aa maa th| se 1aa ac| Jaa c ahc laa sc l|ea ca 1c ra |c haa h|ea th| Va aea maca xem
t|e ca aac aaa th| ca ahaa h|m chc he xem ! rc| aha sc l|ea vac
0ca kh| maca laa sc ca ah|ea hca aaa aha tc| 1a la ta 0 99 haa ta 0 999 haa ta 0
999 th| taca ta aha trea chi khac la kh| aha sc l|ea vac th| c| ahaa tc| 1a 2 sc , sc, haa 4 sc
th| chaca tr|ah aha sc la| |ca aha trca chaca tr|ah cca aha sc saa ham va sc hc, va ah|ea
ca 1acc laa th| sc c ahc caa ha| 1acc taa thec

A 2EH
A =#01H
A =#02H
A =#03H
A =#04H
A =#05H
30H LUUHOPL
31H LUUHOPH
32H LUU_SPL
33H LUU_SPH
34H LUUHOPL
35H LUUHOPH
36H LUU_SPL
37H LUU_SPH
38H LUUHOPL
39H LUUHOPH
3AH LUU_SPL
3BH LUU_SPH
3CH LUUHOPL
3DH LUUHOPH
3EH LUU_SPL
3FH LUU_SPH
40H LUUHOPL
41H LUUHOPH
42H LUU_SPL
43H LUU_SPH
( 1 )
( 2 )
S
S
S
!UU:
9c saa ham, hc caa cac ca
1acc laa vac c ahc taca aa
aa sc l|ea caa cac ca trca c ahc
ra h|ea th|
RET
A =#06H
A =#07H
A =#08H
A =#09H
44H LUUHOPL
45H LUUHOPH
46H LUU_SPL
47H LUU_SPH
48H LUUHOPL
49H LUUHOPH
4AH LUU_SPL
4BH LUU_SPH
4CH LUUHOPL
4DH LUUHOPH
4EH LUU_SPL
4FH LUU_SPH
50H LUUHOPL
51H LUUHOPH
52H LUU_SPL
53H LUU_SPH
S
S
( 2 )
!aa 1c chaca tr|ah laa sc l|ea
0c| chaca tr|ah cca Jc h|m
A =#00H
A =#01H
A =#02H
A =#03H
A =#04H
!UUh0l! #!!h
!UUh0lh #!!h
!UU_9l! #!!h
!UU_9lh #!!h
!UUh0l! 0h
!UUh0lh 1h
!UU_9l! 2h
!UU_9lh h
LUUHOPL 34H
LUUHOPH 35H
LUU_SPL 36H
LUU_SPH 37H
LUUHOPL 38H
LUUHOPH 39H
LUU_SPL 3AH
LUU_SPH 3BH
LUUHOPL 3CH
LUUHOPH 3DH
LUU_SPL 3EH
LUU_SPH 3FH
( 1 )
( 2 )
S
S
S
XEM:
!aa 1c chaca tr|ah chc he xem sc lieu
A =#01H A =#02H A =#03H A =#04H A =#05H
30H LUUHOPL
31H LUUHOPH
32H LUU_SPL
33H LUU_SPH
34H LUUHOPL
35H LUUHOPH
36H LUU_SPL
37H LUU_SPH
38H LUUHOPL
39H LUUHOPH
3AH LUU_SPL
3BH LUU_SPH
3CH LUUHOPL
3DH LUUHOPH
3EH LUU_SPL
3FH LUU_SPH
40H LUUHOPL
41H LUUHOPH
42H LUU_SPL
43H LUU_SPH
( 1 ) ( 2 ) S S SS S
A =#05H
A =#06H
A =#07H
A =#08H
A =#09H
LUUHOPL 40H
LUUHOPH 41H
LUU_SPL 42H
LUU_SPH 43H
LUUHOPL 44H
LUUHOPH 45H
LUU_SPL 46H
LUU_SPH 47H
LUUHOPL 48H
LUUHOPH 49H
LUU_SPL 4AH
LUU_SPH 4BH
LUUHOPL 4CH
LUUHOPH 4DH
LUU_SPL 4EH
LUU_SPH 4FH
LUUHOPL 50H
LUUHOPH 51H
LUU_SPL 52H
LUU_SPH 53H
S
S
( 2
)
RET
Goi chng trnh
blank
(1)
8 0hU0N0 Ik!Nh h! Ih0N0
,0hU0N0 Ik!Nh !H 9AN lhAH VA 0N0 h0l
,KhA! 8A0 0A0 8!!N hAN0
0hk4 !0U 400h ,0hk4
k0!!_80 !0U 4000h ,l0kIA4
0AH8!!N !0U 4001h ,l0kI84
N00_l1 !0U 4002h ,l0kI04
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caa trac caa |c v| xa la r|ea ||et va haa 1|ea kh|ea ma ac cc the |ac cm ah|ea lca| v| mach
ac| sa 1|ea kh|ea |aa chaca tr|ah mct |c v| xa la thac h|ea cac he t|ah sc hcc va lc|c, 1ca
thc| tac ra ahaa t|a h|ea 1|ea kh|ea chc |c ahc va th|et || vac ra
Nhaa meah leah aaa c| la chaca tr|ah aaca va 1acc chaa trca |c ahc chi 1cc (k0Hl
0haca tr|ah cca k|em tra h|m aa

Khca cc h|m aa
RET
IN _HEX
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
#50 (R3)
Call: getkey
C= 0
S
R3 - 1
0c h|m aa
0at A00
R3= 0
Call: getkey
C = 1
S
S
R3 - 1
R3= 0
!aa A00

Mach VDK Dem San Pham (Do An)

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Copyright:

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Mach VDK Dem San Pham (Do An)

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Copyright:

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Nguy e n v a n b i e nt b d 47@g ma i l.

haa cham thaa vac masse, 1|ea aaa se lam ha !0

Jaa (cc tac 1ca |ea aca|l, ac ra cca aaaJ (U2Al

Vay dong thc te qua led

Csat out SAT EB cc

0haca tr|ah |laak

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