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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

DNG HNH (CONSTRUCT)

I. Chn i tng Di chuyn i tng: 1. Chn i tng: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo i tng cn chn. i tng sau khi chn c nt m hn. * Mt i tng c nhiu yu t, mun chn yu t no th click vo yu t . * Khi ta click vo v tr ca i tng cn chn m chng trng nhau th s xut hin hp thoi ta click vo tn i tng cn chn. 2. Chn nhiu i tng: * Click nt cng c hoc . * To ra mt hnh ch nht bao trm ln cc i tng cn chn bng cch: Click vo nh gc vung pha tri, bn trn hnh ch nht ri drag theo ng cho n nh gc vung pha phi, bn di hnh ch nht (hoc click vo nh gc vung pha phi, bn trn hnh ch nht ri drag theo ng cho n nh gc vung pha tri, bn di hnh ch nht. 3. Di chuyn i tng bt k n v tr khc trn bn v: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo i tng cn di chuyn, sau drag i tng n v tr mi. * Mt i tng c nhiu yu t, mun di chuyn yu t no th click vo yu t . V d khi v mt ng trn i qua mt im v c tm cho trc th ta c: tm, ng trn v im thuc ng trn. - Khi chn di chuyn tm th im thuc ng trn khng di chuyn v ng trn ph thuc tm v im trn ng trn. - Khi chn di chuyn im thuc ng trn th tm khng di chuyn v ng trn ph thuc tm v im trn ng trn. - Khi chn di chuyn ng trn th tm v im trn ng trn di chuyn theo v chu vi ng trn khng thay i. * Nu i tng a ph thuc i tng b th i tng a ch di chuyn c trn i tng b. V d im A thuc ng thng d th khi di chuyn im A vn lun lun trn d. 4. Di chuyn mt im quay quanh mt im c nh: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo im cn c nh, sau click vo im cn di chuyn v drag im quay quanh im c nh. Khi quay khong cch 2 im khng thay i. 5. Di chuyn ton b cc i tng trn bn v: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Drag vo bt k v tr no trn bn v di chuyn n. Khi i tng di chuyn th nhng g c lin quan n i tng ca s i s (Algebra window) cng thay i theo. Mun hu bt k lnh no ca Geogebra ta ch cn click nt cng c II. Dng im: 1. Dng im: .

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

* Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo v tr cn dng im, click bao nhiu ln trn bn v th c by nhiu im. * Trng hp click trn mt i tng khc th im thuc i tng . * Algebra window hin th to ca im dng (phn free objects) 2. Dng giao im: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo hai i tng cn tm giao im. (i tng trong trng hp ny l: on thng, tia, ng thng, ng trn, conic, th ca hm s). * Algebra window hin th to giao im dng (phn dependent objects) 3. Dng trung im: hoc . * Click nt cng c * Click mt on thng xut hin trung im. * Nu click vo 2 im bt k ( c hoc cha c trn bn v) th trung im ca on thng ni hai im s c to ra. * Algebra window hin th to trung im dng (phn dependent objects) 4. Dng tm cung trn, ng trn, ng cnic: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click mt cung trn (ng trn, ng cnic) xut hin tm. * Algebra window hin th to tm dng (phn dependent objects) III. Dng ng thng, on thng, tia, vector: 1. Dng ng thng qua hai im: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo 2 im bt k ( c hoc cha c trn bn v) th s c ng thng i qua hai im . * Nu hai im click trn i tng no th hai im chnh l giao im ca ng thng vi i tng . * Algebra window hin th: - To ca hai im thuc ng thng (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng thng (phn dependent object). 2. Dng on thng ni hai im: * Tng t nh dng ng thng ta click nt cng c hoc

dng on thng. Hai im tu chn chnh l 2 mt ca on thng. * Algebra window hin th: - To ca hai im hai mt ca on thng (phn free objects). - di on thng (phn dependent object). 3. Dng on thng i qua 1 im v c di cho trc: * Click nt cng c hoc .

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

* Click vo 1 im bt k hoc 1 im c trn bn v s xut hin hp thoi. kt thc. * Nhp di ca on thng vo hp thoi. Click * Algebra window hin th: - To ca hai im hai mt ca on thng (phn free objects). - di on thng khng i (phn dependent object). 4. Dng tia qua hai im: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo 2 im bt k ( c hoc cha c trn bn v) th s c tia i qua hai im v nhn im chn trc lm gc. * Algebra window hin th: - To ca hai im thuc tia, im u l gc tia (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng thng cha tia (phn dependent object). 5. Dng vector ni hai im: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo 2 im bt k ( c hoc cha c trn bn v) th s c vector ni hai im v nhn im chn trc lm gc (im u) v im chn sau lm ngn (im cui). * Algebra window hin th: - To im u v im cui ca vector (phn free objects). - To ca vector (phn dependent object). 6. Dng vector i qua 1 im v bng mt vector cho trc: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo im m vector i qua v vector cho trc. (khng cn theo th t nhng c im v vector phi c trc) * Algebra window hin th: - To im cui ca vector (phn dependent object). - To ca vector (phn dependent object). IV. Dng a gic n cnh: 1. Dng a gic n cnh bt k: hoc . * Click nt cng c * Click vo v tr cc nh a gic ta cn dng. * kt thc vic dng a gic ta click vo nh u tin. Nu khng thc hin ng tc ny th hnh ta thu c ch l cc nh ca a gic. * Algebra window hin th: - To cc nh a gic (phn free objects) - di cc cnh v din tch a gic (phn dependent object). 2. Dng a gic u n cnh: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo v tr hai nh lin tip ca a gic s xut hin hp thoi. * Nhp s cnh ca a gic u vo hp thoi. Click * Algebra window hin th: - To hai nh a gic chn trc (phn free objects). .

kt thc.

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

- To cc nh cn li, di cc cnh v din tch a gic (phn dependent object). V. Dng cc ng c bit: 1. Dng ng thng i qua 1 im v vung gc vi mt ng thng cho trc: hoc . * Click nt cng c * Click vo im ( c hoc to mi) v ng thng cho trc. Khng yu cu theo th t. * Algebra window hin th: - To im to mi (nu c) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng thng va dng (phn dependent object). 2. Dng ng thng i qua 1 im v song song vi mt ng thng cho trc: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo im ( c hoc to mi) v ng thng cho trc. Khng yu cu theo th t. * Algebra window hin th: - To im to mi (nu c) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng thng song song va dng (phn dependent object). 3. Dng ng trung trc ca mt on thng: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo on thng (hoc 2 im c hoc 2 im to mi) cn dng ng trung trc. * Algebra window hin th: - To hai im to mi (nu c) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng trung trc va dng (phn dependent object). 4. Dng ng phn gic ca mt gc: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo 2 tia (hoc 2 ng thng hoc 2 on thng) to thnh gc th ta s c c hai ng phn gic trong v ngoi ca gc . * Nu click vo 3 im to thnh gc (im th hai l nh ca gc, im th nht v im th ba trn 2 tia ca 2 cnh ca gc) th ta c ng phn gic trong ca gc . * Algebra window hin th: - To ba im to mi (nu c) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng phn gic va dng (phn dependent object). 5. Dng tip tuyn ca mt ng trn: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo ng trn v mt im ngoi ng trn ( c hoc to mi) th ta s c 2 ng tip tuyn k t im n ng trn. * Nu click vo ng trn v 1 im trn ng trn ( c hoc to mi) th ta s c 1 tip tuyn vi ng trn k t im . * Nu click vo ng trn v 1 im trong ng trn th ta s khng c nghim hnh. * Algebra window hin th: - To im to mi (nu c) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh cc ng tip tuyn va dng (phn dependent object).

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

6. Dng ng ng cc ca mt im i vi ng trn: * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo ng trn v mt im tu th ta s c ng ng cc ca mt im i vi ng trn. * Algebra window hin th: - To im to mi (nu c) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng ng cc va dng (phn dependent object). IV. Dng ng trn, cung trn, qut trn, conic: 1. Dng ng trn i qua 1 im v c tm cho trc: hoc * Click nt cng c * Click vo 2 im bt k, im u tin l tm ng trn, im th hai l im thuc ng trn. * Algebra window hin th: - To tm v im thuc ng trn (to mi) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng trn va dng (phn dependent objects). 2. Dng ng trn c tm v bn knh cho trc: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click 1 im bt k ( c hoc to mi, im l tm ng trn). . ng trn c tm v bn * Nhp di bn knh ng trn vo bng ri nhn knh cho trc khng thay i hnh dng khi ta di chuyn bt k yu t no ca ng trn. * Algebra window hin th: - To tm (nu to mi) ng trn (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng trn va dng (phn dependent objects). 3. Dng ng trn i qua 3 im: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo 3 im khng thng hng bt k (c ba im u thuc ng trn). * Algebra window hin th: - To 3 im (nu to mi) thuc ng trn (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng trn va dng (phn dependent objects). 4. Dng na ng trn i qua hai im: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click 2 im bt k (c sn hoc to mi, l 2 u ca ng knh). * Algebra window hin th: - To 2 im (nu to mi) hai u ng knh (phn free objects). - di na ng trn (phn dependent objects). 5. Dng cung trn i qua hai im v c tm cho trc: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click 3 im bt k (im th nht l tm, im th hai l u mt ca cung trn, im th ba trn tia c gc l tm v i qua mt th hai ca cung trn). * Algebra window hin th:

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

- To 3 im trnh by trn (nu to mi) (phn free objects). - di cung trn (phn dependent objects). 6. Dng cung trn i qua 3 im: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click 3 im bt k.(c 3 im u thuc cung trn, im th nht v im th ba hai u mt ca cung). * Algebra window hin th: - To 3 im trnh by trn (nu to mi) (phn free objects). - di cung trn (phn dependent objects). 7. Dng qut trn bit tm v 2 im thuc qut trn: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click 3 im bt k (im th nht l tm, im th hai l u mt ca cung trn thuc hnh qut, im th ba trn tia c gc l tm v i qua mt th hai ca cung trn hnh qut). * Algebra window hin th: - To 3 im trnh by trn (nu to mi) (phn free objects). - Din tch qut trn (phn dependent objects). 8. Dng qut trn qua 3 im: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click 3 im bt k.(c 3 im u thuc qut trn, im th nht v im th ba hai u mt ca cung, im th hai trn cung trn thuc hnh qut). * Algebra window hin th: - To 3 im trnh by trn (nu to mi) (phn free objects). - Din tch qut trn (phn dependent objects). 9. Dng conic i qua 5 im: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click 5 im bt k thuc cnic. (tu theo v tr ca 5 im conic c th l: elip, parabol hoc hyperbol,). * Algebra window hin th: - To 5 im trnh by trn (nu to mi) (phn free objects). - Phng trnh ng cnic (phn dependent objects). V. Dng gc: 1. Dng mt gc: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo 2 tia bt k (hoc hai ng thng hoc hai on thng), th ta s c du gc v tn gc hin ra (c th km theo s o ca gc) giao im ca chng (nh ca gc). * Click vo 3 im bt k, th ta s c du gc v tn gc hin ra (c th km theo s o ca gc) im ta chn th hai (nh ca gc). * Algebra window hin th: - To ba im thuc gc (phn free objects). - ln ca gc (phn dependent objects). 2. Dng mt gc c s o cho trc:

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

* Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo mt on thng bt k (hoc 2 im bt k). Nu l on thng th nh l mt ca on thng dng trc, trng hp chn 2 im th im th hai l nh. * Nhp s o gc. C 2 la chn: counter clockwise (ngc chiu kim ng h); clockwise (chiu kim ng h). Ta mun tia cn li ca gc pha no th ta click vo la chn . kt thc vic dng gc. * Nhn * Algebra window hin th: - To hai im hoc hai mt on thng thuc gc dng trc (phn free objects). - ln ca gc, to im th ba ca gc (phn dependent objects). VI. o c: 1. o chu vi ca mt hnh, di cung trn: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo hnh cn o chu vi hoc cung trn cn o di th ta s c khung vn bn ghi . s o chu vi ca mt hnh hoc di cung trn * Khi dng on thng (hoc cnh a gic) th di ca chng hin th phn dependent objects. * Algebra window hin th: Chu vi ca hnh hoc di on thng (phn dependent objects). 2. o khong cch gia hai im, khong cch gia mt im vi 1 ng thng, khong cch gia hai ng thng: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo 2 im cn o khong cch (hoc 1 im vi 1 ng thng, hoc 2 ng thng) th ta s c khung vn bn ghi khong cch cn o. * Algebra window hin th: Khong cch cn o (phn dependent objects). 3. o din tch ca a gic, ng trn, qut trn, elip, : hoc * Click nt cng c * Click vo hnh cn o din tch th ta s c khung vn bn ghi din tch ca hnh . * Algebra window hin th: - Din tch cn o (phn dependent objects). 4. o h s gc ca ng thng : * Click nt cng c hoc . * Click vo ng thng cn tm h s gc ta s c khung vn bn ghi h s gc ng thng . * Algebra window hin th: H s gc ng thng (phn dependent objects).

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

VII. Chn vn bn: 1. Chn vn bn:Mun chn mt vn bn vo bn v ta lm nh sau: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo bt k mt v tr no trong bn v. Nu ta click vo mt im th vn bn cn chn c chc nng nh mt label. * Nhp vn bn cn chn. Nhn , lc vn bn c chn vo bn v. 2. Chn vn bn ng: + Khi ta mun n (hide) ca s i s v hin th mt vi s liu ca ca s i s ca s hnh hc th ta phi chn mt vn bn, trong vn bn ny s c nhng gi tr thay i khi cc i tng hnh hc di chuyn, ta gi l vn bn ng. + Mun chn mt vn bn ng vo bn v ta lm nh sau: * Click nt cng c hoc ri click vo bt k mt v tr no trong bn v s xut hin khung ta ng nhp vn bn. * Nhp vn bn (khng thay i), ri click vo mt gi tr trong danh sch i tng ca s i s (gi tr ny s thay i khi i tng hnh hc di chuyn), sau nhn apply. V d: Mun chn mt vn bn ca s hnh hc hin th di ca on thng AB ( hin th ca s i s a = 2,34) ta lm lm xut hin khung ng nhp vn bn v nhp: a = , sau click vo v tr a = 2,34 ca s i s ta s c c vn bn hin th ca s hnh hc: a = 2,34 ; gi tr ny s thay i khi hai im A v B di chuyn. + Ta cng c th chn mt vn bn ng vo bn v ta lm nh sau: * Lm xut hin khung ng nhp vn bn nh trn. * Nhp vo khung vn bn theo c php: vn bn thng + tn i tng hnh hc. Lc trn ca s hnh hc s xut hin vn bn thng v gi tr ca i tng hnh hc. V d: Nh v d trn ta nhp vo khung vn bn: a = + a , sau nhn apply, ta cng thu c kt qu nh trn. VIII. Chn hnh nh: 1. Chn hnh nh: Mun chn mt hnh nh vo bn v ta lm nh sau: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo bt k mt v tr no trong bn v. Nu ta click vo mt im th hnh nh cn chn gn lin vi im . * Tm file cn chn. Nhn open, lc hnh nh c chn vo bn v. 2. Cc thuc tnh ca nh: V tr ca nh c xc nh bng ba im ba gc ca hnh: * Gc th nht: gc tri bn di nh, gc ny dng di chuyn nh. * Gc th hai: gc phi bn di nh, gc ny chnh chiu rng ca nh. * Gc th t: gc tri bn trn nh, gc ny chnh chiu cao ca nh. Mun thay i v tr v kch thc ca nh ta c 2 cch sau: Cch 1: * Dng ba im chnh l ba gc ca nh ( trnh by trn). * Chn hnh nh vo ti im th nht (gc nh th nht). * Right click vo nh chn s xut hin menu ng cnh. s xut hin hp thoi thuc tnh ca cc i tng, click * Click vo th position nh v cho 3 gc nh (corner 1; corner 2; corner 4).

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Hng dn s dng Geogebra

* Click th close, lc nh s l mt hnh bnh hnh nhn 3 im dng lm 3 nh ca n. Cch 2: * Dng mt im (hoc c sn) chnh l gc th nht ca nh. * Chn hnh nh vo ti im va dng (gc nh th nht). * Right click vo nh chn s xut hin menu ng cnh. * Click s xut hin hp thoi thuc tnh ca cc i tng, click vo th position nh v cho 3 gc nh. * Nhp vo corner 2 v corner 4 nh v cho hai nh cn li theo c php: tn gc nh th nht + (x; y). * Click th close, lc nh s l mt hnh bnh hnh nhn 3 im dng lm 3 nh ca n. X. Mi tng quan gia hai i tng: Mun bit hai i tng c bng nhau khng ta lm nh sau: * Click nt cng c hoc * Click vo hai i tng cn xc nh mi quan h. * Mn hnh s xut hin bng thng bo v mi quan h gia hai i tng . XI. Trnh din cc bc dng hnh: trnh din cc bc dng hnh ca bn tho ta tin hnh cc bc sau: 1. Bc 1: Cho hin th thanh iu hng cc bc dng hnh, nt play, nt hin th bn tho dng hnh: * Click vo trnh n view. * nh du vo cc mc: Navigation bar for construction steps; Play button v Button to open construction protocol bng cch click vo cc mc . 2. Bc 2: iu khin cc nt lnh trnh din theo nhu cu ca mnh.

Tr li bc dng hnh u tin.

Tr li bc dng trc

Hin th bc Hin th bc dng k tip dng cui cng

Hin th bn tho cc bc dng hnh

Th t bc dng / Tng s bc dng.

Trnh din cc bc dng hnh

Thi gian gia hai bc dng (tnh bng giy)