Bui 3+4 : p dng nh lut bo ton electron vo giI bi tp ha hc Bi tp xc nh lng cht I-Mc ch yu cu.

1,Hng dn hc sinh cch p dng nh lut bo ton e giI bi tp ha hc thng qua cc bi tp v d. 2. Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Trng tm: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Phng php: Thuyt trnh v m thoi. III- Ni dung n tp. A- Cha bi tp v nh ca bui trc. B- Ni dung n tp 1- Nguyn tc ca phng php: Tng s mol e cht kh cho bng tng s mol e cht oxi ha nhn. Ch : khi c nhiu cht oxi ha, cht kh trong mt hn hp phn ng (nhiu phn nng hoc phn ng qua nhiu giai on) th tng s electron ca cc cht kh cho phi bng tng s electron m cc cht oxi ha nhn. Ta ch cn nhn nh ng trng thi u v trng thi cui ca cc cht oxi ha hoc chtt kh,. V d 1: Oxi ha hon ton 0,728 gam bt Fe ta thu c 1,016 gam hn hp hai oxit st (hn hp A). 1. Ha tan hn hp A bng dung dch axit nitric lang d. Tnh th tch kh NO duy nht bay ra (ktc). A. 2,24 ml. B. 22,4 ml. C. 33,6 ml. D. 44,8 ml. 2. Cng hn hp A trn trn vi 5,4 gam bt Al ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (hiu sut 100%). Ha tan hn hp thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl d. Tnh th tch bay ra ( ktc). A. 6,608 lt. Hng dn gii 1. Cc phn ng c th c:
t 2Fe + O2 2FeO t 2Fe + 1,5O2 Fe2O3 t 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
o o o

B. 0,6608 lt. C. 3,304 lt.

D. 33,04. lt

(1) (2) (3)

Cc phn ng ha tan c th c: 3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O 3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O (6) Ta nhn thy tt c Fe t Fe0 b oxi ha thnh Fe+3, cn N+5 b kh thnh N+2, O20 b kh thnh 2O 2 nn phng trnh bo ton electron l: 3n + 0,009 4 = 0,728 3 = 0,039 mol. 56

(4) (5)

trong , n l s mol NO thot ra. Ta d dng rt ra n = 0,001 mol; VNO = 0,001 22,4 = 0,0224 lt = 22,4 ml. (p n B) 2. Cc phn ng c th c:
t 2Al + 3FeO 3Fe + Al2O3 t 2Al + Fe2O3 2Fe + Al2O3 t 8Al + 3Fe3O4 9Fe + 4Al2O3
o o o

(7) (8) (9) (10)

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2

(11)

Xt cc phn ng (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) ta thy Fe0 cui cng thnh Fe+2, Al0 thnh Al+3, O20 thnh 2O 2 v 2H+ thnh H2 nn ta c phng trnh bo ton electron nh sau: 0,013 2 + Fe0 Fe+2 n = 0,295 mol VH2 = 0,295 22,4 = 6,608 lt. (p n A) 5,4 3 = 0,009 4 + n 2 27 Al0 Al+3 O20 2O 2

2H+ H2

Nhn xt: Trong bi ton trn cc bn khng cn phi bn khon l to thnh hai oxit st (hn hp A) gm nhng oxit no v cng khng cn phi cn bng 11 phng trnh nh trn m ch cn quan tm ti trng thi u v trng thi cui ca cc cht oxi ha v cht kh ri p dng lut bo ton electron tnh lc bt c cc giai on trung gian ta s tnh nhm nhanh c bi ton. V d 2: Trn 0,81 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO 3 un nng thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) ktc. Gi tr ca V l A. 0,224 lt. Hng dn gii Tm tt theo s : Fe2O3 t o ha tan hon ton 0,81 gam Al + hn h p A VNO = ? dung d HNO3 ch CuO Thc cht trong bi ton ny ch c qu trnh cho v nhn electron ca nguyn t Al v N. Al Al+3 + 3e 0,81 27 v N+5 + 3e 0,09 mol N+2 B. 0,672 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 6,72 lt.

0,09 mol 0,03 mol VNO = 0,03 22,4 = 0,672 lt. (p n D)

Nhn xt: Phn ng nhit nhm cha bit l hon ton hay khng hon ton do hn hp A khng xc nh c chnh xc gm nhng cht no nn vic vit phng trnh ha hc v cn bng phng trnh phc tp. Khi ha tan hon ton hn hp A trong axit HNO3 th Al0 to thnh Al+3, nguyn t Fe v Cu c bo ton ha tr. C bn s thc mc lng kh NO cn c to bi kim loi Fe v Cu trong hn hp A. Thc cht lng Al phn ng b li lng Fe v Cu to thnh. V d 3: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (nAl = nFe) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon ton cht rn A vo dung dch HCl d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v ca AgNO3 ln lt l A. 2M v 1M. C. 0,2M v 0,1M. Tm tt s : 8,3 gam hn h p X (nAl =nFe ) Al + 100 ml dung dch Y Fe : x mol AgNO3 Cu(NO3 )2 :y mol B. 1M v 2M. D. kt qu khc.

Cht r A n + HCl d Z ] (3 kim loi) Hng dn gii Ta c: nAl = nFe = 8,3 = 0,1mol. 83

1 l H 2 ,12 t 2,8 gamcht r khng tan B n

t n AgNO3 = x mol v n Cu( NO3 )2 = y mol X + Y Cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Al ht, Fe cha phn ng hoc cn d. Hn hp hai mui ht. Qu trnh oxi ha: Al Al3+ + 3e 0,1 Qu trnh kh: Ag+ + 1e Ag x x x Cu2+ + 2e Cu y 2y y 2H+ + 2e H2 0,1 0,05 0,3 Tng s mol e nhng bng 0,5 mol. Fe Fe2+ + 2e 0,1 0,2

Tng s e mol nhn bng (x + 2y + 0,1). Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c phng trnh: x + 2y + 0,1 = 0,5 hay x + 2y = 0,4 Mt khc, cht rn B khng tan l: Ag: x mol ; Cu: y mol. 108x + 64y = 28 (2) (1)

Gii h (1), (2) ta c: x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,1 mol. C M AgNO3 = 0,2 0,1 = 2M; C M Cu ( NO3 )2 = = 1M. (p n B) 0,1 0,1

V d 4: Ha tan 15 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch Y gm HNO3 v H2SO4 c thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO, NO2, N2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Al v Mg trong X ln lt l A. 63% v 37%. C. 50% v 50%. Hng dn gii t nMg = x mol ; nAl = y mol. Ta c: 24x + 27y = 15.(1) Qu trnh oxi ha: Mg Mg2+ + 2e x Qu trnh kh: N+5 + 3e N+2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,1 N+5 + 1e N+4 Tng s mol e nhn bng 1,4 mol. Theo nh lut bo ton electron: 2x + 3y = 1,4 (2) Gii h (1), (2) ta c: x = 0,4 mol ; y = 0,2 mol. %Al = 27 0,2 100% = 36%. 15 2N+5 + 2 4e 2N+1 0,8 S+6 + 2e S+4 0,2 0,1 0,2 2x Tng s mol e nhng bng (2x + 3y). Al Al3+ + 3e y 3y B. 36% v 64%. D. 46% v 54%.

%Mg = 100% 36% = 64%. (p n B) V d 5: Trn 60 gam bt Fe vi 30 gam bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A bng dung dch axit HCl d c dung dch B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O 2 (ktc). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. V c gi tr l A. 11,2 lt. Hng dn gii V n Fe > nS = 30 nn Fe d v S ht. 32 B. 21 lt. C. 33 lt. D. 49 lt.

Kh C l hn hp H2S v H2. t C thu c SO2 v H2O. Kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh phn ng l Fe v S nhng e, cn O2 thu e. Nhng e: Fe Fe2+ + 2e 2 4e 4 30 mol 32 60 mol 56 60 mol 56 S S+4 + 30 mol 32 Thu e: Gi s mol O2 l x mol. O2 + 4e 2O-2 x mol 4x Ta c: 4x = 60 30 2 + 4 gii ra x = 1,4732 mol. 56 32 VO2 = 22,4 1,4732 = 33 lt. (p n C)

V d 6: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R1, R2 c ho tr x, y khng i (R1, R2 khng tc dng vi nc v ng trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht ktc. Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c bao nhiu lt N2. Cc th tch kh o ktc. A. 0,224 lt. Hng dn gii Trong bi ton ny c 2 th nghim: TN1: R1 v R2 nhng e cho Cu2+ chuyn thnh Cu sau Cu li nhng e cho N thnh N (NO). S mol e do R1 v R2 nhng ra l N + 3e
+5 +5 +2

B. 0,336 lt. C. 0,448 lt.

D. 0,672 lt.

N
1,12

+2

0,15 22 ,4 = 0,05 TN2: R1 v R2 trc tip nhng e cho N to ra N2. Gi x l s mol N2, th s mol e thu vo l 2 N + 10e N 0 2 10x x mol Ta c: 10x = 0,15 x = 0,015 VN2 = 22,4.0,015 = 0,336 lt. (p n B)
+5 +5

V d 7: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,01 mol NO v 0,04 mol NO2. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch. A. 10,08 gam. B. 6,59 gam. C. 5,69 gam. D. 5,96 gam.

Hng dn gii Cch 1: t x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cu, Mg, Al. Nhng e: Cu = Cu + 2e x x 2x Thu e: Ta c: N + 3e = N (NO) 0,03 0,01 v 0,07 cng chnh l s mol NO3 Khi lng mui nitrat l: 1,35 + 62 0,07 = 5,69 gam. (p n C) Cch 2: Nhn nh mi: Khi cho kim loi hoc hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO 3 to hn hp 2 kh NO v NO2 th n HNO3 = 2n NO2 + 4n NO n HNO3 = 2 0,04 + 4 0,01 = 0,12 mol nH2O = 0,06mol mKL + mHNO3 = mmui + m + m 2 + m 2O NO NO H 1,35 + 0,12 63 = mmui + 0,01 30 + 0,04 46 + 0,06 18 mmui = 5,69 gam.

+5 +2 2+ 2+ 3+

Mg = Mg + 2e y y 2y
+5 +4

Al = Al + 3e z z 3z

N + 1e = N (NO2) 0,04 0,04

2x + 2y + 3z = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:

V d 8: (Cu 19 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH - 2007) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO 3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 lt. Hng dn gii t nFe = nCu = a mol 56a + 64a = 12 a = 0,1 mol. Cho e: Nhn e: Fe Fe3+ + 3e 0,1 0,3 N+5 + 3e N+2 3x x Tng ne cho bng tng ne nhn. Mt khc: 3x + y = 0,5 30x + 46y = 19 2(x + y). Cu Cu2+ + 2e 0,1 y 0,2 y N+5 + 1e N+4 B. 4,48 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 3,36 lt.

x = 0,125 ; y = 0,125. Vhh kh (ktc) = 0,125 2 22,4 = 5,6 lt. (p n C)

V d 9: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l A. 2,52 gam. B. 2,22 gam. Hng dn gii
HNO3 d m gam Fe + O2 3 gam hn hp cht rn X 0,56 lt NO.

C. 2,62 gam.

D. 2,32 gam.

Thc cht cc qu trnh oxi ha - kh trn l: Cho e: Fe Fe3+ + 3e m 56 Nhn e: O2 + 4e 3m mol e 56 2O2

N+5 +

3e

N+2

3 m 4(3 m) mol e 32 32 3m 4(3 m) = + 0,075 56 32 m = 2,52 gam. (p n A)

0,075 mol 0,025 mol

V d 10: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B ng trc H trong dy in ha v c ha tr khng i trong cc hp cht. Chia m gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha axit HCl v H2SO4 long to ra 3,36 lt kh H2. - Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 lt. Hng dn gii t hai kim loi A, B l M. - Phn 1: M + nH+ Mn+ +

B. 3,36 lt.

C. 4,48 lt.

D. 6,72 lt.

n H2 2

(1) (2)

- Phn 2: 3M + 4nH+ + nNO3 3Mn+ + nNO + 2nH2O Theo (1): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca 2H+ nhn; Theo (2): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca N+5 nhn. Vy s mol e nhn ca 2H+ bng s mol e nhn ca N+5. 2H+ + 2e H2 v N+5 + 3e N+2 0,3 0,1 mol 0,3 0,15 mol VNO = 0,1 22,4 = 2,24 lt. (p n A)

V d 11: Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d, ta c hn hp gm hai kh NO2 v NO c VX = 8,96 lt (ktc) v t khi i vi O2 bng 1,3125. Xc nh %NO v %NO2 theo th tch trong hn hp X v khi lng m ca Fe dng? A. 25% v 75%; 1,12 gam. C. 35% v 65%; 11,2 gam. Hng dn gii Ta c: nX = 0,4 mol; MX = 42. S ng cho: B. 25% v 75%; 11,2 gam. D. 45% v 55%; 1,12 gam.

NO2 : 46 42 NO : 30

42 30 = 46 42 =

12 4

n NO2 : n NO = 12 : 4 = 3 n NO2 + n NO = 0,4 mol n NO = 0,1 mol n NO2 = 0,3 mol 3x x %VNO = 25% %VNO2 = 75% N+5 + 1e N+4 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,1

Fe 3e Fe3+

N+5 + 3e N+2

Theo nh lut bo ton electron: 3x = 0,6 mol x = 0,2 mol mFe = 0,2 56 = 11,2 gam. (p p B).

V d 12: Cho 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 2 lt dung dch HNO 3 phn ng va thu c 1,792 lt kh X (ktc) gm N2 v NO2 c t khi hi so vi He bng 9,25. Nng mol/lt HNO 3 trong dung dch u l A. 0,28M. Hng dn gii Ta c: M X = 9,25 4 = 37 = B. 1,4M. C. 1,7M. D. 1,2M.

(M

N2

+ M NO2 2

l trung bnh cng khi lng phn t ca hai kh N2 v NO2 nn: n N 2 = n NO2 = v

nX = 0,04 mol 2 NO3 + 1e NO2 0,04 0,04 0,04 mol

NO3 + 10e N2 0,08 0,4 0,04 mol M Mn+ + n.e 0,04 mol nHNO3 (bkh) = 0,12 mol.

Nhn nh mi: Kim loi nhng bao nhiu electron th cng nhn by nhiu gc NO3 to mui. Do : n HNO3 ( to mui ) = n.e ( nh ng) = n.e ( nhn) = 0,04 + 0,4 = 0,44 mol. n HNO3 ( phn ng) = 0,44 + 0,12 = 0,56 mol

[ HNO3 ] =

0,56 = 0,28M. (p n A) 2

V d 13: Khi cho 9,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c, thy c 49 gam H2SO4 tham gia phn ng, to mui MgSO4, H2O v sn phm kh X. X l A. SO2 Hng dn gii Dung dch H2SO4 m c va l cht oxi ha va l mi trng. Gi a l s oxi ha ca S trong X. Mg Mg2+ + 2e 0,4 mol 0,8 mol 49 = 0,5 (mol) 98 S+6 + (6-a)e S a 0,1 mol 0,1(6-a) mol B. S C. H2S D. SO2, H2S

Tng s mol H2SO4 dng l :

S mol H2SO4 dng to mui bng s mol Mg = 9,6 : 24 = 0,4 mol. S mol H2SO4 dng oxi ha Mg l: 0,5 0,4 = 0,1 mol. Ta c: 0,1 (6 a) = 0,8 x = Vy X l H2S. (p n C) 2. V d 14: a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi lng l 75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng thu c 6,72 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Khi lng a gam l: A. 56 gam. B. 11,2 gam. Hng dn gii S mol Fe ban u trong a gam: n Fe = S mol O2 tham gia phn ng: n O2 = Qu trnh oxi ha: S mol e nhng: n e = Qu trnh kh: a mol. 56 C. 22,4 gam. D. 25,3 gam.

75,2 a mol. 32 (1)

Fe Fe3+ + 3e a 3a mol mol 56 56 3a mol 56 O2 + 4e 2O 2 SO42 + 4H+ + 2e SO2 + 2H2O (3)

(2)

T (2), (3) n echo = 4n O2 + 2nSO2 = 4 75,2 a 3a + 2 0,3 = 32 56

a = 56 gam. (p n A)

V d 15: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO 3 d c 1,12 lt NO v NO2 (ktc) c khi lng mol trung bnh l 42,8. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l: A. 9,65 gam Hng dn gii Da vo s ng cho tnh c s mol NO v NO2 ln lt l 0,01 v 0,04 mol. Ta c cc bn phn ng: NO3 + 4H+ + 3e NO + 2H2O NO3 + 2H+ + 1e NO2 + H2O Nh vy, tng electron nhn l 0,07 mol. Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cu, Mg, Al c trong 1,35 gam hn hp kim loi. Ta c cc bn phn ng: Cu Cu2+ + 2e 2x + 2y + 3z = 0,07. m = m Cu( NO3 )2 + m Mg( NO3 )2 + m Al( NO3 )3 = 1,35 + 62(2x + 2y + 3z) = 1,35 + 62 0,07 = 5,69 gam. 2Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l: Mg Mg2+ + 2e Al Al3+ + 3e

B. 7,28 gam

C. 4,24 gam

D. 5,69 gam

10

Bui 5 : bi tp xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht v c

I-Mc ch yu cu. 1,Hng dn hc sinh cch giI bi tp xc nh cng thc phn t 2. Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Trng tm: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Phng php: Thuyt trnh v m thoi. III- Ni dung n tp. C- Cha bi tp v nh ca bui trc. D- Ni dung n tp 1. Da vo phng trnh phn ng v quan h gia s mol cc cht Bi 1: Ho tan 33,8 gam oleum H2SO4. nSO3 vo nc, sau cho tc dng vi lng d BaCl2 thy c 93,2 gam kt ta. Cng thc ng ca oleum ? gii: H2SO4.nSO3 + nH2O (n+1)H2SO4(1) 0,4/(n+1) 0,4(mol) H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl (2) 0,4 (mol) 0,4(mol) S mol BaSO4: 93,2/233 = 0,4 ( mol) T pt(2) => s mol H2SO4 = s mol BaSO4 =0,4 (mol) T pt (1) => s mol H2SO4.nSO3 = 0,4/(n+1) Ta c: s mol H2SO4. nSO3 = 0,4/(n+1) = 33,8/(98+80n) gii phng trnh => n=3 Bi 2: Nung 25 gam tinh th CuSO4. xH2O ( mu xanh) ti khi lng khng i thu c 16 gam cht rn mu trng CuSO4 khan. Xc nh gi tr ca x? Gii: CuSO4.xH2O CuSO4 + xH2O 0,1(mol)0,1x (mol) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: khi lng H2O = khi lng CuSO4.xH2O khi lng CuSO4 = 25-16 = 9 (gam) S mol H2O = 9/18 = 0,5 (mol) S mol CuSO4 = 16/160 = 0,1 (mol) Ta c: 0,1x=0,5 => x=5

11

Bi 3: Cho dung dch HCl c d tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch mui KClOx 0,2M thu c 1,344 lit kh Cl2 (kc). Cng thc phn t ca mui l A. KClO . B. KClO2. C. KClO3. D. KClO4. Gii: KClOx + 2xHCl KCl + xCl2 + xH2O (1) S mol KClOx = 0,1*0,2 = 0,02 (mol) S mol Cl2 = 1,344/22,4 = 0,06 (mol) Theo phng trnh (1) => 0,02 x = 0,06 => x=3 Vy cng thc phn t ca mui l KClO3 Bi 4: Ho tan 9,2 (g) hp cht MX2 vo nc c dung dch Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn bng nhau, thm mt lng d dd AgNO3 vo phn 1 c 9,4(g) kt ta. Thm dd Na2CO3 d vo phn 2 c 2,1(g) kt ta . MX2 l A. ZnCl2 . B. ZnBr2. C. MgBr2. D. FeCl2. 2. Da vo khi lng hoc % khi lng ca tng nguyn t

Bi 1:

12

t chy hon ton 3,4 gam hp cht A thu c 2,24 lit kh SO2 (kc) v 1,8 gam H2O.Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht A? Gii: t chy A thu c SO2 v H2O => A c cha nguyn t S, H; c hoc khng c Oxi Ta c: S mol SO2 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 (mol) => S mol S = S mol SO2 = 0,1 (mol) => Khi lng S = 0,1*32 = 3,2 (g) S mol H2O = 1,8/18 = 0,1 (mol) => S mol H = 2 s mol H2O = 0,2 (mol) => Khi lng H = 0,2*1 = 0,2 (g) Ta c: mS+ mH= 3,2 + 0,2 = 3,4 (g) = mA Vy A khng c cha Oxi Gi cng thc A l: HxSy x : y = nH : nS = 0,2 : 0,1 = 2: 1 Vy cng thc A l H2S Bi 2: Cho hm lng ca Fe trong oxit st l 70%. Xc nh cng thc oxit st? gii: %O = 100 % Fe = 30 % Gi cng thc oxit st l: FexOy

Vy cng thc oxit st l; Fe2O3 Bi 3: t chy 16,8 gam bt st dng ht 4,48 lit O2 (kc) to thnh 1 oxit st. Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st? Bi 4: t chy hon ton 2,04 gam hp cht A thu c 1,08 gam H2O v 1,344 lit SO2 (kc). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht A? Bi 5: Kh hon ton 8 gam FexOy bng H2(t0) thu c 2,7 gam nc. CT ca oxit st l A. FeO. B. Fe2O4. C. Fe2O3. D. Fe3O4.

13

Bi 6: Ho tan hon ton m (g) FexOy bng dd H2SO4 c nng thu c 2,24lit SO2 (ktc). Phn dd cha 120(g) mt loi mui st duy nht. Cng thc oxit st v khi lng m l: A. Fe3O4; m=23,2(g). B. Fe2O3, m= 32(g). C. FeO; m=7,2(g). D. Fe3O4; m= 46,4(g). Bi 7: Mt hp cht c thnh phn theo khi lng: 35,97% S; 62,92% O; 1,13% H. Hp cht ny c cng thc ho hc l A. H2SO3. B. H2SO4. C. H2S2O7. D. H2S2O8. bi tp p dng v btvn Bi 1: C 5,56 gam hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi M ( c ho tr khng i ). Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau: Phn mt ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl c 1,568 lt kh H2. Ho tan ht phn hai trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht v khng to ra NH4NO3 trong dung dch. Xc nh kim loi M v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong A. Bi 2: Cho hp kim gm hai kim loi A & B tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, gii phng 0,56 lt kh, ng thi khi lng hp kim gim 1,15 gam. Phn hp kim cn li l 1 gam cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c 0,224 lt kh. Bit cc kh u o ktc, hy xc nh cc kim loi A v B. Bi 3: Cho 6,45 gam hn hp hai kim loi ho tr 2 A v B tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d, sau khi phn ng xong thu c 1,12 lt kh ktc v 3,2 gam cht rn. Lng cht rn ny tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5M. Hy xc nh cc kim loi A v B. Bi 4: Khi ly 3,33 gam mui Clorua ca mt kim loi ch c ho tr hai v mt lng mui Nitrat ca kim loi c cng s mol nh mui Clorua ni trn, thy khc nhau 1,59 gam. Hy xc nh CTPT ca hai mui trn. Bi 5: Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch XCl 3 thy to thnh dung dch Y. khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl 3 . Xc nh cng thc ca mui XCl3. Bi 6: Nung nng 1,6 gam kim loi X trong khng kh ti phn ng hon ton thu c 2 gam oxit. Cho 2,8 gam kim loi Y tc dng vi Clo thu c 8,125 gam mui Clorua. Hi X, Y l nhng kim loi no. Bi 7: Nung 9,4 gam mui M(NO3)n trong bnh kn c V = 0,5 lt cha kh N2. Nhit v p sut trong bnh trc khi nung l 27oC v 0,984 atm. Sau khi nung, mui b nhit phn ht cn li 4 gam oxit M2On , a bnh v 27oC th p sut trong bnh l p. Xc nh kim loi M v tnh p. Bi 8: Mt hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M ho tr n c khi lng 14,44 gam. Chia hn hp A thnh hai phn bng nhau: Ho tan ht phn mt trong dung dch HCl thu c 4,256 lt H2. Ho tan ht phn hai trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 3,584 lt kh NO duy nht v trong dung dch khng c NH4NO3.

14

Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra, xc nh kim loi M v tnh % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp A. Bi 9: A l mt hn hp dng bt gm Fe v kim loi M. Cho 8,64 gam hn hp A tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch CuSO4 1,5 M. Mt khc, ly mt lng A ng nh trn ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 3,136 lt kh NO duy nht ktc v trong dung dch khng c NH4NO3. Xc nh kim loi M, bit M c ho tr khng i. Bi 10: Mt hn hp nng 2,15 gam gm mt kim loi kim A v mt kim loi kim th B tan ht trong H2O thot ra 0,448 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch C. 1- Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ho va mt na dung dch C. 2- Bit rng nu thm H2SO4 d vo mt na dung dch C cn li th thu c kt ta nng 1,165 gam. Xc nh kim loi A v B ( Ch dng cc kim loi sau y: Li=7, Na=23, K= 39, Mg= 24, Ca= 40, Ba=137 ). Bi 11: Ho tan hon ton kim loi A vo dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch X khng cha NH4NO3 v 0,2 mol kh NO. Tng t cng ho tan hon ton kim loi B vo dung dch HNO3 trn ch thu c dung dch Y. Trn X vi Y c dung dch Z. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch Z thu c 0,1 mol kh v kt ta D, nung D ti khi lng khng i thu c 40 gam cht rn. Xc nh cc kim loi A v B. Bit rng A, B u c ho tr 2, t l khi lng nguyn t ca chng l 3:8 v khi lng nguyn t ca chng u l s nguyn ln hn 23 v b hn 70. Bi 12: 1- Ho tan m gam hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi M c ho tr khng i trong dung dch HCl d th thu c 1,008 lt kh ktc v dung dch cha 4,575 gam mui khan. Tnh m. 3- Ho tan m gam hn hp A trn trong dung dch cha hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 nhit thch hp th thu c 1,8816 lt hn hp hai kh ktc c t khi hi so vi H2 l 25,25. Hy xc nh kim loi M. Bi 13:Mt cc ng a gam dung dch cha HNO3 v H2SO4. Ho tan ht 4,8 gam hn hp hai kim loi M, N ( c ho tr khng i ) vo dung dch trong cc th thu c 2,1504 lt ktc hn hp hai kh A v NO2. 1- Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit rng sau phn ng khi lng cc cht cha trong cc tng 0,096 gam so vi a. 2- Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. 3- Khi t l s mol HNO3 v H2SO4 trong dung dch thay i th th tch kh thot ra ktc s thay i trong khong gii hn no?( Gi nguyn thnh phn v khi lng ca 2 kim loi ). Bi 14: Ho tan hon ton 1,08 gam kim loi A bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 1,344 lt mt cht kh 0o C v 1 atm. 1- Xc nh kim loi A. 2- Ly 6,84 gam mui sunfat ca kim loi A cho tc dng va vi 0,2 lt dung dch KOH thy to ra mt cht kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch v em nung ti khi lng khng i thu c 1,53 gam mt cht rn. Tnh nng mol/l ca KOH, bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Bi 15: Mt mui cacbonat A ca kim loi M c ho tr n, trong M chim 48,28% theo khi lng. Cho 58 gam A vo bnh kn cha mt lng O2 va phn ng ht vi A khi nung nng. Sau phn ng cht rn thu c gm Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 c khi lng l 39,2 gam. Xc nh cng thc ca A.

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1- Sau phn ng p sut trong bnh tng bao nhiu % so vi ban u cng iu kin. 2- Nu ly lng cht rn thu c sau khi nung cho ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c kh NO2 duy nht. Trn NO2 vi 0,0175 mol O2 ri cho hp th hon ton vo nc th thu c 9 lt dung dch B. Tnh pH ca dung dch B. Bi 16: Mt hn hp gm 3 kim loi u c ho tr hai. Nguyn t lng ca 3 kim loi tng ng vi t l 3:5:7, s nguyn t ca chng trong hn hp tng ng vi t l 4:2:1. Khi ho tan 4,64 gam hn hp trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 3,659 lt kh H2 684 mmHg v 13,65oC. 1- Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca cc kim loi . 2- Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp. Bi 17: Cho 3,25 gam hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim M v mt kim loi M c ho tr II tan hon ton vo H2O to thnh dung dch D v c 1,1088 lt kh thot ra 27,3oC v 1 atm. Chia D thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt em c cn thu c 2,03 gam cht rn A. - Phn hai cho tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,35M to ra kt ta B. 1- Xc nh cc kim loi M, M v tnh khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X ban u. 3- Tnh khi lng kt ta B. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Bi 18: A l oxit ca mt kim loi ho tr m ( trong s cc kim loi cho di ). Ho tan hon ton 1,08 gam A trong dung dch HNO 3 2M (long) thu c 0,112 lt kh NO duy nht ktc v dung dch D khng cha NH4NO3. 1- Xc nh kim loi A. 2- Cho 1,08 gam A vo ng s, un nng ri dn kh CO d i qua. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cht rn B. Nu ho tan B trong dung dch H2SO4 long d th dung dch sau phn ng c th lm mt mu dung dch KMnO 4 khng? Nu c th c th lm mt mu bao nhiu ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M. Cho: O = 16, Mn = 55, Fe = 56, Cr = 52, Cu = 64. Bi 20:Ho tan hon ton a gam mt oxit St bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thy thot ra kh SO2 duy nht. Trong th nghim khc, sau khi kh hon ton cng a gam oxit bng CO nhit cao ri ho tan lng St to thnh trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng th thu c kh SO2 nhiu gp 9 ln lng SO2 trong th nghim trn. Vit phng trnh phn ng v xc nh cng thc ca oxit St. Bi 21: C mt dung dch A gm H2SO4, FeSO4, MSO4 ( M l kim loi c ho tr hai ) v mt dung dch B gm NaOH 0,5 M v BaCl2 d. trung ho 200 ml dung dch A cn dng 40 ml dung dch B. Cho 200 ml dung dch A tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch B, ta thu c 21,07 gam kt ta C gm mt mui v hai hydroxit ca hai kim loi v dung dch D. trung ho dung dch D cn dng 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,25 M. 1- Hy xc nh kim loi M, bit MM > 23. 2- Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch A. Bi 22: Nung nng 18,56 gam hn hp A gm FeCO3 v mt oxit St FexOy ti phn ng hon ton, thu c kh CO2 v 16 gam cht rn l mt oxit duy nht ca St. Cho kh CO2 hp th ht vo 400 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,15 M thu c 7,88 gam kt ta.

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1- Xc nh cng thc ca oxit St. 2- Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M t nht phi dng ho tan hon ton 18,56 gam hn hp A. Bi 23: 1- Ho tan hon ton 13,8 gam mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi kim R 2CO3 trong 110 ml dung dch HCl 2M. Sau phn ng cn d axit trong dung dch thu c v th tch kh thot ra l V1> 2,016 lt. Vit phng trnh phn ng v xc nh R, Tnh V1. 3- Ho tan 13,8 gam mui R2CO3 trn vo H2O v khuy u ri thm t t 180 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo thu c V2 lt kh thot ra. Tnh V2. Bi 24: t chy hon ton 6,8 gam mt cht v c A ch thu c 4,48 lt kh SO2 ktc v 3,6 gam H2O. 1- Tnh th tch kh O2 dng ktc. 2- Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. 3- Nu t chy ht 6,8 gam cht A ni trn nhng lng O2 phn ng ch bng 2/3 lng O2 dng trong th nghim th nht. Hi sau phn ng thu c nhng sn phm g? Tnh khi lng cc sn phm . 4- Hp th ht 6,8 gam cht A vo180 ml dung dch NaOH 2 M th thu c mui g? Bao nhiu gam. Bi 25: Ho tan va mt lng hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit MO ( M c ho tr khng i v MO khng phi l lng tnh ) trong 750 ml dung dch HNO3 0,2M c dung dch A v kh NO. Cho A tc dng va vi 240 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta ti khi lng khng i c 2,4 gam cht rn. Xc nh M, tnh khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u v th tch kh NO sinh ra 27oC v 1 atm. Bi 26: Hn hp A gm FeO v M2O3 . Cho A tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta v dung dch C. Cho C tc dng vi lng dung dch HCl va c 15,6 gam kt ta. Xc nh M2O3. Bi 27: Chia 59,2 gam hn hp gm: Kim loi M, MO, MSO 4 ( M l kim loi c ho tr 2 khng i ) thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt ho tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch A v kh B. Lng kh B ny tc dng va vi 32 gam CuO. Cho tip dung dch KOH d vo dung dch A, khi phn ng kt thc, lc thu c kt ta ri nung ti khi lng khng i c 28 gam cht rn. - Phn hai cho tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch CuSO4 1,2M, sau khi phn ng kt thc lc b cht rn, em phn dung dch c cn lm kh thu c 92 gam cht rn. 1- Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v xc nh kim loi M. 2- Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp ban u. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Bi 28: Ho tan hon ton 5,76 gam kim loi M bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c dung dch mui A v kh B. Cho mui A tc dng ht vi dung dch Na2CO3 thu c kt ta hydroxit ca kim loi M v 7,056 lt kh CO2 ktc. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v xc nh kim loi M.

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Bui 6 : bi tp v nng dung dch

I-Mc ch yu cu. 1,Hng dn hc sinh cch giI bi tp xc nh nng dung dch. 2. Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Trng tm: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Phng php: Thuyt trnh v m thoi. III- Ni dung n tp. E- Cha bi tp v nh ca bui trc. F- Ni dung n tp Cc bc gii bi tp ho hc 1. c k , tm tt. 2. Vit cc phng trnh ho hc. 3. t n s cho cc d kin cn phi tm, tm mi lin h gia cc cht=> lp phng trnh i s, gii phng trnh, bin lun tm kt qu. Nhng im cn lu Hiu c cc ngha ca cc phng trnh ho hc.

Cc cht tc dng vi nhau theo mt t l nht nh (t l v s mol hoc t l v khi lng, th tch) Tun theo cc nh lut c bn (nh lut bo ton khi lng, nh lut bo ton electron)

Khi tnh ton da vo phng trnh cn lu :

Cc cht vit trong phng trnh ho hc l cht nguyn cht. Hiu sut phn ng l 100%. Cc d kin bi cho l d kin khng c bn nn phi chuyn v d kin c bn (s mol, t

BI TP V NNG DUNG DCH Bi 1: C hai dung dch HNO3 40%(d =1,25) v 10%(d=1,06). Cn ly mi dung dch bao nhiu ml pha thnh 2lil dung dch HNO315%(d=1,08) Bi 2: Cho 20 gam mui khan NaCO3 vo 120ml nc ct. Lc bnh cho NaCO3 tan dn ngi ta thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Tnh nng %ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c. Bi 3: Cho 1.36 g hn hp A gm bt st kim loi v magiee vo 400ml dung dch CuSO4 cha bit nng . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ta thu c cht rn B cn nng 1.84g v dung dch C. Cho C tc dng vi dung dch xt d khi c mt khng kh, sau ly kt ta nung nhit cao th thu c hn hp o xit cn nng 1,2g. Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u v nng M ca dung dch CuSO4. Bit hiu xut phn ng t 100%. Bi 4: Cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl c nng 36%(d=1,19) pha thnh 5 lt dung dch HCl 0,5 M.

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Bi 5: Ha tan 10,6 g mui khan NaCO3 vo mt lng nc to thnh dung dch c nng 10,6%. Tnh khi lng nc cn dng. Cng ha tan mt lng NaCO3 nh trn vo mt th tch nc to thnh mt dung dch ca nng 0,2M. Tnh th tch nc. Bit 1 gam NaCO3 khi ha tan vo nc chim th tch 0,5ml. Bi 6: Phi ha tan thm bao nhiu gam KOH nguyn cht vo 1200gam dung dch KOH 12 % c dung dch 20%? Bi 7:Cn phi dung bao nhiu lt dung dch H2SO4 c t khi d =1,04 v bao nhiu lt nc ct pha thnh 10 lt dung dch H2SO4 c d =1,28. Bi 8: Trn 2 lt dung dch HCl 4M vo 1 lt dung dch 0,5M. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch mui. Bi 9: Trn 150 gam dung dch NaOH 10% vo 460 gam dung dch NaOH x% to thnh dung dch 6%. Tnh x. Bi 10: Trn 0,5 lt dung dch NaCl d =1,01 vo 100 gam dung dch NaCl 10% d =1,1. Tnh nng phn trm v nng mol ca dung dch sau khi trn. Baid 11:Ha tan 1 mol NaOH rn vo dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c dung dch c nng 1,5M. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH. Bit rng khi cho NaOH rn vo nc c 20 gam lm tng th tch 5 ml. Bi 12: Cn bao nhiu mol NaOH rn v bao nhiu lt NaOH 0,5M ph c 12 lt dung dch NaOH 2M. Bit ddd2M =1,05. Bi 13: un 35,1 gam NaCl vi H2SO4 c nhit cao . Kh sinh ra cho vo 78,1 ml nc to thnh dung dch A a) Tnh C% v CM ca dung dch A vi d = 1,2 b) Ly mt na dung dch A trung ha ht 100 ml dung dch NaOH d-1,05. Tnh CM, C% ca dung dch NaOH v dung dch sau phn ng. Bi 14: C 16 ml dung dch HCl x(M) (dung dch A). Thm nc vo dung dch A cho n th tch ton b dung dch l 200 ml. Lc ny CM ca dung dch mi l 0,1. Tm x. Ly 10 ml dung dch A trung ha va ht V lt dung dch KOH 0,5M.Tnh Vvaf CM ca dung dch sau phn ng. Trn hai dung dch A v B theo t l th tch l 3/5. CM ca dung dch sau khi trn l 3M. Tnh CM ca hai dung dch A, B.Bit CM ca dung dch A gp 2 ln ca dung dch B. BI TP VN: Cu 1: Tnh khi lng AgNO3 b tch ra khi 75 gam dung dch bo ho AgNO3 50oC, khi dung dch c h nhit n 20oC. Bit ; . Cu 2: C 2 dung dchHCl nng 0,5M v 3M. Tnh th tch dung dch cn phi ly pha c 100ml dung dch HCl nng 2,5M. Cu 3: Khi ho tan m (g) mui FeSO4.7H2O vo 168,1 (g) nc, thu c dung dch FeSO4 c nng 2,6%. Tnh m? Cu 4: Ly 12,42 (g) Na2CO3.10H2O c ho tan trong 50,1ml nc ct (D = 1g/ml). Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c. Cu 5: Ly 8,4 (g) MgCO3 ho tan vo 146 (g) dung dch HCl th va . a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch HCl u? c) Tnh nng phn trm cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng? Cu 6: Ho tan 10 (g) CaCO3 vo 114,1 (g) dung dch HCl 8%. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Tnh nng phn trm cc cht thu c sau phn ng? Cu 7: Ho tan ho ton 16,25g mt kim loi ho tr (II) bng dung dch HCl 18,25% (D = 1,2g/ml), thu c dung dch mui v 5,6l kh hiro (ktc). a) Xc nh kim loi? b) Xc nh khi lng ddHCl 18,25% dng? Tnh CM ca dung dch HCl trn?

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c) Tm nng phn trm ca dung dch mui sau phn ng? Cu 8: Cho a (g) Fe tc dng va 150ml dung dch HCl (D = 1,2 g/ml) thu c dung dch v 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Cho ton b lng dung dch trn tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c b (g) kt ta. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. b) Tm gi tr a, b? c) Tnh nng phn trm v nng mol/l dung dch HCl? Cu 9: Mt hn hp gm Na2SO4 v K2SO4 trn theo t l 1 : 2 v s mol. Ho tan hn hp vo 102 (g) nc, thu c dung dch A. Cho 1664 (g) dung dch BaCl2 10% vo dung dch A, xut hin kt ta. Lc b kt ta, thm H2SO4 d vo nc lc thy to ra 46,6 (g) kt ta. Xc nh nng phn trm ca Na2SO4 v K2SO4 trong dung dch A ban u? Cu 10: Cho 39,09 (g) hn hp X gm 3 mui: K2CO3, KCl, KHCO3 tc dng vi Vml dung dch HCl d 10,52% (D = 1,05g/ml), thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau. - Phn 1: trung ho dung dch cn 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,4M. - Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 51,66 (g) kt ta. a) Tnh khi lng cc cht trong hn hp ban u? b) Tm Vml? Cu 11: Cho 46,1 (g) hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn phn ng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 17,92 lt H2 (ktc). Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp. Bit rng th tch kh H2 do st to ra gp i th tch H2 do Mg to ra. Cu 11: ho tan hon ton 4 (g) hn hp gm mt kim loi ho tr (II) v mt kim loi ho tr (III) phi dng 170ml dung dch HCl 2M. a) C cn dung dch sau phn ng s thu c bao nhiu gam hn hp mui khan. b) Tnh th tch kh H2 ( ktc) thu c sau phn ng. c) Nu bit kim loi ho tr (III) trn l Al v n c s mol gp 5 ln s mol kim loi ho tr (II). Hy xc nh tn kim loi ho tr (II). Cu 12: C mt oxit st cha cng thc. Chia lng oxit ny lm 2 phn bng nhau. a) ho tan ht phn 1 phi dng 150ml dung dch HCl 3M. b) Cho mt lung kh CO d i qua phn 2 nung nng, phn ng xong thu c 8,4 (g) st. Tm cng thc oxit st trn. Cu 13: A l mt hn hp bt gm Ba, Mg, Al. - Ly m gam A cho vo nc ti khi ht phn ng thy thot ra 6,94 lt H2 (ktc). - Ly m gam A cho vo dung dch xt d ti ht phn ng thy thot ra 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). - Ly m gam A ho tan bng mt lng va dung dch axit HCl c mt dung dch v 9,184 lt H2 (ktc). Hy tnh m v % khi lng cc kim loi trong A. Cu 14: X l hn hp hai kim loi Mg v Zn. Y l dung dch H2SO4 cha r nng . Th nghim 1: Cho 24,3 gam X vo 2 lt Y, sinh ra 8,96 lt kh H2. Th nghim 2: Cho 24,3 gam X vo 3 lt Y, sinh ra 11,2 lt kh H2. (Cc th tch kh u o ktc) a) Chng t rng trong th nghim 1 th X cha tan ht, trong th nghim 2 th X tan ht. b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch Y v khi lng mi kim loi trong X. Cu 15: Tnh nng ban u ca dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH bit rng: - Nu 3 lt dung dch NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch H2SO4 th sau khi phn ng dung dch c tnh kim vi nng 0,1 M. - Nu 2 lt dung dch NaOH vo 3 lt dung dch H2SO4 th sau phn ng dung dch c tnh axit vi nng 0,2M. Cu 16: Ho tan hon ton a gam kim loi M c ho tr khng i vo b gam dung dch HCl c dung dch D. Thm 240 gam dung dch NaHCO3 7% vo D th va tc dng ht vi lng HCl cn d, thu c dung dch E trong nng phn trm ca NaCl v mui clorua km loi M tng ng l 2,5% v

20

8,12%. Thm tip lng d dung dch NaOH vo E, sau lc ly kt ta, ri nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 16 gam cht rn. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Xc nh kim loi v nng phn trm ca dung dch dng. Cu 17: Ho tan hon ton m gam kim loi M bng dung dch HCl d, thu c V lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc hon tan hon ton m gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c mui nitrat ca M, H2O v cng V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). a) So snh ho tr ca M trong mui clorua v trong mui nitrat. b) Hi M l kim loi no? bit rng khi lng mui nitrat to thnh gp 1,095 ln khi lng mui clorua. Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 14,2 gam hn hp C gm MgCO3 v mui cacbonat ca kim loi R vo axit HCl 7,3% va , thu c dung dch D v 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nng MgCl2 trong dung dch D bng 6,028%. a) Xc nh kim loi R v thnh phn phn % theo khi lng ca mi cht trong C. b) Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch D, lc ly kt ta ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi phn ng hon ton. Tnh s gam cht rn cn li sau khi nung. Cu 19: Khi cho a gam Fe vo trong 400ml dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng kt thc em c cn dung dch thu c 6,2 gam cht rn X. Nu cho hn hp gm a gam Fe v b gam Mg vo trong 400ml dung dch HCl th sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c 896ml H2 (ktc) v c cn dung dch th thu c 6,68 gam cht rn Y. Tnh a, b, nng mol ca dung dch HCl v thnh phn khi lng cc cht trong X, Y. (Gi s Mg khng phn ng vi nc v khi phn ng vi axit Mg phn ng trc ht Mg mi n Fe. Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). Cu 20: Dung dch X l dung dch H2SO4, dung dch Y l dung dch NaOH. Nu trn X v Y theo t l th tch l VX : VY = 3 : 2 th c dung dch A c cha X d. Trung ho 1 lt A cn 40 gam NaOH 20%. Nu trn X v Y theo t l th tch VX : VY = 2 : 3 th c dung dch B c cha Y d. Trung ho 1 lt B cn 29,2 gam dung dch HCl 25%. Tnh nng mol ca X v Y. ===============================

21

Bui 7+8 : bi tp tng hp chng halogen v chng oxi-lu hunh

I-Mc ch yu cu. 1,Hng dn hc sinh n tp bi tp l thuyt v bi tp tng hp chng halogen v chng oxi lu hunh. 2. Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Trng tm: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Phng php: Thuyt trnh v m thoi. III- Ni dung n tp. G- Cha bi tp v nh ca bui trc. H- Ni dung n tp CHNG HALOGEN: I chui phn ng a/NaCl Cl2 HClO HCl AgCl b/ NaCl HCl Cl2 KClO3 KCl Cl2 c)MnO2 Cl2 HCl Cl2 CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 Clorua vi d) KMnO4 Cl2 KCl Cl2 axit hipoclor NaClO NaCl Cl2 FeCl HClO HCl NaCl e) Cl2 Br2 I2 HCl FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 f) NaCl HCl Cl2 HClO HCl AgCl Ag CuCl2 HCl k) KMnO4 Cl2 CuCl2 FeCl2 HCl HCl CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 l) KCl HCl Cl2 Br2 I2 (13 FeCl (14 FeCl CaOC m) FeCl3 AgCl Ag 2 ) ) 3 II- Bi tp nhnHCl bit: l2 (10 cc dung dch sau bng phng php ha hc: (11 (12 1)Nhn bit ) ) (16 a) NaNO3 , ) (15 FeCl (9)NaCl, HCl. HNO3,NaBr,NaI NaC NaCl )** b) NaCl, HCl, H2SO4,NaBr,NaI Cl2 ) O (17 l 3 ) c) BaCl(1) 2, KBr, HCl, KI, KOH (3) d) KI, HCl, NaCl, H2SO4 KClO NaC e) HCl, HBr, NaCl, NaOH l (4) 3 f) NaF, CaCl2, KBr, Mgl2
(2)

Ag CaOCl

KCl

(5)

AgC l

(6)

Cl2

(7)

Br2

(8)

I2 22

g) AlCl3, ZnCl2, NaCl, MgCl2. h)AlCl3; FeCl3 ,MgCl2, BaCl2. h)AlCl3, ZnCl2, NaCl, MgCl2. 2) C bn cht bt mu trng tng ng nhau l : NaCl, AlCl 3, MgCO3, BaCO3. Ch c dng nc cng cc thit b cn thit (l nung, bnh in phn v.v...) Hy trnh by cch nhn bit tng cht trn. 3) Khng dng ha cht no khc hy phn bit 4 dung dch cha cc ha cht sau: NaCl, NaOH, HCl, phenoltalein. 4)Khng gii hn thuc th: a. HCl, NaCl, NaOH, CuSO4 b. NaCl, HCl, KI, HI, HgCl2 c. NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, NaNO3 d. MgCl2, HCl, K2CO3, Pb(NO3)2 5)Ch dng thm mt thuc th: e. HCl, KBr, ZnI2, Mg(NO3)2 f. NaCl, KI, Mg(NO3)2, HgCl2 6) dng dng thm qy tm: g. CuCl2, HCl, KOH, ZnCl2 h. NaOH, HCl, AlCl3, Cu(NO3)2 n.CaCl2, HCl, Na2CO3 III BI TP TNG HP 1) Cho 19,5 g Zn tac dung vi 7 lt kh clo (kc) thu c 36,72 g muoi. Tnh hieu suat phan ng. 2) Cho 10,3 g hon hp Cu, Al, Fe vao dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc) va 2 g chat khong tan. a. Viet cac phan ng xay ra va tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp. b. Neu nung nong hon hp tren sau o cho tac dung vi kh clo. Tnh the tch clo can dung e phan ng va u. 3) Cho 30,6 g hon hp Na2CO3 va CaCO3 tac dung vi mot lng va u dd HCl 20% tao thanh 6,72 lt mot chat kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl can dung. c. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 4) Hoa tan m g hon hp Zn va ZnO can va u 100,8 ml dd HCl 36,5% (d=1,19g/ml) thay thoat mot chat kh va 161,352 g dung dch A. a. Tnh m. b. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 5) Cho 3,87 hon hp gom Mg va Al tac dung vi 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan thu c 4,368 lt kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp trong hon hp. b. Tnh nong o mol cac chat co trong dung dch sau phan ng, biet the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl (co 5% tap chat) can dung e ieu che u lng axt tren biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 6) Mot hon hp gom Cu va Fe co tong khoi lng la 12 g c cho vao 400ml dung dch HCl 1M. Sau phan ng thu c 6,4 g chat ran, dung dch A va V lt kh (kc).

23

a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai. b. Tnh V. c. Lay 360 ml dung dch NaOH 1M cho vao dung dch A, tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c. 7) Cho 2,02 g hon hp Mg va Zn vao coc (1) ng 200ml dung dch HCl. Sau phan ng co can dung dch c 4,86 g chat ran. Cho 2,02 g hon hp tren vao coc (2) ng 400ml ung dch HCl nh tren, sau phan ng co can dung dch c 5,57 g chat ran. a. Tnh the tch kh thoat ra coc (1) (kc) b. Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch HCl. c. Tnh % khoi lng noi kim loai. 8) Mot hon hp gom Zn va CaCO3 cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 17,92 lt (kc). Cho hon hp kh qua dung dch KOH 32% (D= 1,25g/ml) th thu c mot muoi trung tnh va the tch kh giam i 8,96 lt. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh the tch dung dch KOH can dung. 9) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi 1500 ml dung dch axit HCl a M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm a, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 30% so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho b g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 13,419 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. 10) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi V lt dung dch axit HCl 1M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm V, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 20 % so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho a g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 22,365 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. 11) Hoa tan 10,55g hon hp Zn va ZnO vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 10% th thu c 2,24lt kh H2(kc). a. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh nong o % cua muoi trong dung dch thu c. c. Cho 6,33 g hon hp tren tac dung vi Cl 2, tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh, biet hieu suat phan ng la 85%. 12) Hoa tan hoan toan 9g hon hp Fe va Mg vao dung dch HCl thu c 4,48lt kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . b. Dan kh Clo d vao dung dch A, sau o co can dung dch th thu c bao nhieu gam chat ran. c. Dung dch HCl tren co CM= 1M (d=0,98g/ml) va dung d 30 % so vi ly thuyet. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. 13) Hoa tan hoan toan 13,6 g hon hp sat va oxit vi hoa tr cao cua no vao 600 ml dung dch axit HCl 1M. thu c 2240 ml kh (kc). a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. Tnh CM cac chat thu c sau phan ng, gia s the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng.

24

c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl can thiet e ieu che lng axt tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 14) Cho 12 g hon hp gom sat va ong tac dung vi dd HCl d thu c 2240 ml kh (kc). a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. Neu cho hon hp tren tac dung vi kh Clo, tnh % khoi lng cac muoi thu c. c. c. Tnh khoi lng NaCl can thiet e ieu che lng clo tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 15) Hoa tan hoan toan 5,7 g hon hp CaCO3 va Fe trong 250 ml dd HCl 1M thu c 2,464 ml kh (kc) a. Xac nh % khoi lng cac chat trong hon hp. b. b. Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch thu c, biet the tch dung dch khong oi trong qua trnh phan ng. c. Tnh khoi lng H2 can thiet e ieu che lng HCl tren, biet hieu suat phan ng ieu che la 75%. 16) Cho 14,2 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, nhom va sat tac dung vi 1500 ml dung dch axit HCl a M d, sau phan ng thu c 8,96 lt kh (kc) va 3,2 g mot chat ran. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A. b. Tm a, biet the tch dung dch HCl dung d 30% so vi ly thuyet. c. Cho b g hon hp A tac dung va u vi Clo th thu c 13,419 g hon hp cac muoi khan. Tm a, biet hieu suat phan ng la 90%. 17) Hoa tan 10,55g hon hp Zn va ZnO vao mot lng va u dung dch HCl 10% th thu c 2,24lt kh H2(kc). a. Tnh khoi lng moi chat trong hon hp au. b. Tnh nong o % cua muoi trong dung dch thu c. c. Cho 6,33 g hon hp tren tac dung vi Cl 2, tnh khoi lng muoi tao thanh, biet hieu suat phan ng la 85%. 18) Hoa tan hoan toan 9g hon hp Fe va Mg vao dung dch HCl thu c 4,48lt kh (kc) va mot dung dch A. a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . b. Dan kh Clo d vao dung dch A, sau o co can dung dch th thu c bao nhieu gam chat ran. Dung dch HCl tren co CM= 1M (d=0,98g/ml) va dung d 30 % so vi ly thuyet. Tnh khoi lng dung dch HCl a dung. B CHNG OXI - LU HYNH I Bi tp chui phn ng:

a. / FeS H2S Na2S FeS Fe2(SO4)3 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3

b/ FeS2 SO2 S H2S SO2 SO3 SO2 H2SO4 BaSO4 SO2 NaHSO3 c/ FeS H2S S NO2; H2S H2SO4 CuSO4; H2S SO2 HBr + O2 + O2 + H 2O 1:2 1:1 d/ X A B C D BaSO4

+ Al , 2:3 1:3 C E BaSO4 e/ MnO2 Cl2 S SO2 H2SO4 CO2 K2CO3 KNO3 f/ NaCl NaOH NaCl Cl2 S H2S H2SO4 S; Cl2 FeCl3 Fe2(SO4)3 ; FeCl3 S

25

g/ KMnO4 Cl2 NaCl Cl2 FeCl3 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(NO3)3 H2SO4 NaHSO4 Na2SO4 h/ Zn ZnS H2S SO2 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 FeCl3 SO2 S Al2S3 l/ FeS2 SO2 SO3 H2SO4 SO2 Na2SO3 Na2SO4 NaCl NaNO3 HBr AgBr m/ Ca(NO3)2 CuS Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu CuCl2 n/ ZnS H2S S SO2 SO3 H2SO4 HCl Cl2 KClO3 O2 S H2S SO2 Na2SO3 Na2SO4 NaCl Cl2 o/ ZnS SO2 H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 FeFeS FeSO4Fe2(SO4)3 H2S S SO2 KHSO3 K2SO3 K2SO4 KOH KClO Cl2 CaOCl2 p/ FeS H2S SO2 NaHSO3 Na2SO3 SO2 H2SO4 K2SO4 KCl KOH KClO3 O2 S ZnS SO2 SO3 BaSO4 FeS (1) (2) (4) II BI TP NHN BIT: (3) H SO SO2 SO3 SO2 2 4 2 1.C 5 l ng kh ring bit cc kh sau: O2, Cl2,(5) O3, SO2. Lm th no nhn ra tng kh?. HCl, (6) 2. C 4 l (7) nhn ng 4 dung dch : HCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, Na2CO3, hy nhn bit l no ng dung dch mt H (10) Cu KHSO3 S khng c2dng bt c thuc BaSO4 g m th no. S
(8) (9) (20) (21) (22)

3. Mt loi mui n c ln tp cht CaCl2, MgCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, CaSO4. Hy trnh by cch loi cc tp (11) (12) (16) (18) (19) cht thu c mui(14)tinhK SO n khit. K SO BaSO KHSO
(15) (17) (13) 4.Ch dng qu tm lm th no phn bit c dung dch cc cht sau y: Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NH4Cl.

FeS

SO2

5.C 6 l khng nhn ng ring bit tng dung dch sau: K2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Dng dung dch xt hy nhn bit dung dch trong mi l? 6.Dung dch A cha cc ion : SO42-, SO32-, CO32-. Bng nhng phn ng ha hc no c th nhn bit tng loi anion c trong dung dch. 7. Cho mt lng Cu2S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 un nng. Phn ng to thnh dung dch A1 v lm gii phng ra kh A2 khng mu, b ha nu trong khng kh. Chia A1 thnh 2 phn. Thm dung dch BaCl2 vo phn 1, thy to thnh kt ta trng A3 khng tan trong axit d. Thm lng d dung dch NH3 vo phn 2, ng thi khuy u hn hp, thu c dung dch A4 c mu xanh lam m. 8.phn bit cc cht sau: a) Dung dch : NaOH, H2SO4, HCl, BaCl2. b) Dung dch : H2SO4, HCl, NaCl, Na2SO4. c) Dung dch : KCl, Na2CO3, NaI, CuSO4, BaCl2. d) Dung dch : Ca(NO3)2, K2SO4; K2CO3, NaBr. e) Dung dch : NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4. f) Dung dch : Na2SO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, MgSO4, NaNO3. g) Dung dch : I2, Na2SO4, KCl, KI, Na2S. h) Bot : Na2CO3, CaCO3, BaSO4, Na2SO4. i) Bot : Na2S. Na2SO3, Na2SO4, BaSO4. 9.Phan biet cac kh mat nhan sau: a) O2, SO2, Cl2, CO2. b) Cl2, SO2, CO2, H2S, O2, O3. c) SO2, CO2, H2S, H2, N2, Cl2, O2.

26

d) O2, H2, CO2, HCl.

10.ch dung them mot hoa chat hay phan biet cac cha sau: a. 5 dung dch: K2SO4, FeCl2, Na2SO3, NH4HS, FeCl3. b. KOH, NaCl, MgCl2, AgNO3, HCl, HI. 11.Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay phan biet cac dung dch sau: Na2SO4, Na2SO3, H2SO4 , HCl. [Na2SO4, Na2S, H2SO4 , HCl]. 12.Nhan biet cac trng hp sau: aDung dch: Na2SO4, NaOH, H2SO4 , HCl. bK2S, Na2SO4, KNO3, KCl c.Na2S, Na2SO3, NaHSO3, Na2SO4. C Bi tp tng hp

1) Dan kh hiro sunfua vao 66,2 (g) dung dch Pb(NO3)2 th thu c 4,78 (g) ket

tua. Tnh C% cua dung dch muoi ch ban au. 2) Co 20,16 (l) (kc) hon hp gom H2S va O2 trong bnh kn, biet ty khoi hon hp so vi hiro la 16,22. a) Tm thanh phan the tch cua hon hp kh. b) ot chay hoan toan hon hp tren, san pham cua phan ng c hoa tan vao 94,6 (ml) nc. Tnh CM, C% cua cac chat co trong dung dch thu c. S: a. H2S = 4,48 lit ; O2 = 15,68 lit . b. 2,1 M ; 15%. 3) Cho 855 (g) dung dch Ba(OH)2 20% vao 500 (g) dung dch H2SO4. Loc bo ket tua, e trung hoa nc loc, ngi ta phai dung 200 (ml) dung dch 2,5 (M). Tnh C% cua dung dch H2SO4. S: 24,5%. 4) Cho 25,38 (g) BaSO4 co lan BaCl2. Sau khi loc bo chat ran, ngi ta cho vao nc loc dung dch H2SO4 1 (M) en u th thu c 2,33 (g) ket tua. a) Tm % khoi lng BaCl2. b) Tnh the tch dung dch H2SO4. S: a. 8,2% b. 0,01 lit 5) Cho 5,6 lit kh SO2 (kc) vao: a) 400 ml dung dch KOH 1,5 M. b) 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8 M. c) 200 ml dung dch KOH 2 M. Tnh nong o cac chat trong dung dch thu c . d) 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 ta c 44,125 (g) hon hp BaSO3 va Ba(HCO3)2. Tnh nong o dung dch Ba(OH)2. 6) ot chay hoan toan 8,98 lit H2S (kc) roi hoa tan tat ca san pham sinh ra vao 80 ml dung dch NaOH 25% ( d= 1,28 g/ml). Tnh C% cua dung dch muoi thu c. 7) ot chay hoan toan 12,8 gr lu huynh. Kh sinh ra c hap thu het bi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d= 1,28 g/ml). Tm CM, C% cua cac chat trong dung dch thu c sau phan ng. S: Na2SO3 : 2,67 M ; 23,2%. NaOH : 2,67 M ; 7,35%. 8) ot chay hoan toan 6,72 lit ( kc) H2S.

27

a) Tnh lng SO2 thu c. b) Cho lng SO2 noi tren i qua 37,5 ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th
muoi g tao thanh. Tnh C% muoi trong dung dch thu c . c) Neu cho lng SO2 thu c tren a) i vao 500 ml dung dch KOH 1,6 M th co muoi g c tao thanh .Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch sau phan ng. S: a. 19,2 gr ; b. 46.43% ; c. 0,6 M ; 0,4M. 9) Chia 600 ml dung dch H2SO4 thanh 3 phan eu nhau.Dung 250ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=1,28) th trung hoa 1 phan cua dung dch. a) Tm CM cua dung dch H2SO4. b) Hai phan con lai cua dung dch H2SO4 c rot vao 600 ml dung dch NaOH 5M.Tm CM cua cac chat co trong dung dch thu c . S: a. 5M b. NaHSO4 1M c. Na2SO4 1M. 10) Hoa tan 4,8 gr mot kim loai M hoa tr II va u tac dung vi 392 gr dung dch H2SO4 10%. Xac nh M. 11) Cho 40 gr hon hp A cha Cu va Al tac dung vi dung dch H 2SO4 d thu c 22,4 lit kh (kc). Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai? 12) Cho 36 gr hon hp X cha Fe2O3 va CuO tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO420% thu c 80 gr hon hp muoi. a) Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong hon hp X. b) Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 a dung. S: a. 44,4% ; 55,6% b. mdd = 269,5gr. 13) Cho 6,8 gr hon hp X gom Mg va Fe vao dung dch H2SO4 loang th thu c 3,36 lit kh bay ra (kc). a) Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong X? b) Neu cho hon hp tren tac dung vi H2SO4 , nong.Tnh VSO2 (kc)? S: a. 17,65% ; 82,35% ; VSO2 = 4,48 lit. 14) Cho 35,2 gr hon hp X gom Fe va CuO tac dung va u vi 800 gr dung dch H2SO4 loang th thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc) va dung dch A. a) Tnh % khoi lng moi chat trong X. b) Tnh C% dung dch H2SO4 a dung. c) Tnh khoi lng cac muoi trong dung dch A. S: a. Fe :31,82% ; CuO : 68,18%. b. C% = 6,125. c. mFeSO4 = 30,4 g : mCuSO4 = 48 g. 15) Cho m(gr) hon hp X gom Al, Fe tac dung vi 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 loang thu c 72,2 gr hon hp muoi va 12,32 lit kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng tng chat trong X. b. Tnh CM dung dch H2SO4 a dung. S: a. Al : 27,84% ; Fe :71,26%. b.CM = 2,2 M. 16) Cho 55 gr hon hp 2 muoi Na2SO3 va Na2CO3 tac dung het vi H2SO4 loang thu c hon hp kh A co ty khoi hi oi vi hiro la 24.Tnh % khoi lng moi muoi trong hon hp au. S: 22,9% ; 77,1%

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17) Cho m(gr) hon hp G cha Mg va ZnS tac dung 250 gr dung dch H 2SO4
c 34,51 gr hon hp kh A gom H2 va H2S co ty khoi hi so vi oxi la 0,8. a.Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong G. b.Tnh nong o dung dch axit a dung. S: a. 8,03 ; 91,97 b. 9,016%. 18) Cho 40 gr hon hp Fe Cu tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 98% nong thu c 15,68 lit SO2 (kc). a.Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp? b.Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 a dung? 19) Cho 20,8 gr hon hp Cu va CuO tac dung va u dung dch H2SO4 , nong thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp? b.Tnh khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 80% can dung va khoi lng muoi sinh ra. 20) Cho 7,6 gr hon hp gom Fe, Mg, Cu vao dung dch H 2SO4 , nguoi d th thu c 6,16 lit kh SO2 (kc). Phan khong tan cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 1,12 lit kh (kc).Tnh % khoi lng hon hp au. S: Fe : 36,8% ; Mg : 31,58% ; Cu: 31,62%. 21) Cho 10,38 gr hon hp gom Fe, Al va Ag chia lam 2 phan bang nhau: - Phan 1: Tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 loang d thu c 2,352 lit khi (kc). - Phan 2: Tac dung vi dung dch H2SO4 , nong d thu c 2,912lit kh SO2 (kc). Tnh khoi lng tng kim loai trong hon hp ban au. S: mFe = 3,36 gr ; mAl = 2,7 gr ; mAg = 4,32 gr. 22) Nung nong hon hp gom 11,2 gr bot Fe va 3,2 gr bot lu huynh. Cho san pham tao thanh vao 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 th thu c hon hp kh A bay ra va dung dch B( Hp = 100%). a. Tm % the tch cua hon hp A. b. e trung hoa dung dch B phai dung 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M.Tm CM cua dung dch H2SO4 a dung. S: a. H2S: 50%; H2: 50%. b. 2M. 23) f Cho 12,6 gr hon hp A cha Mg va Al c tron theo t le mol 3:2 tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 ac, nong thu c kh SO2 (kc). a. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp A? b. Tnh VSO2 ( 270 C; 5 atm). c. Cho toan bo kh SO2 tren vao 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M. Tnh CM cac chat trong dung dch thu c. S: a. 57,14% ; 42,86%. 2,95 lit. 24) Cho 20,4 gr hon hp X gom Fe, Zn, Al tac dung vi dung dch HCl d thu c 10,08 lit H2 (kc). Mat khac cho 0,2 mol X tac dung va u vi 6,16 lit Cl2 (kc).Tnh khoi lng moi kim loai.

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25) Cho 24,582 gr hon hp 3 kim loai X, Y, Z co t le khoi lng nguyen t

la 10: 11: 23, co t le mol la 1: 2: 3.Neu cho lng kim loai X co trong hon hp tren phan ng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 2,24 lit H 2 (kc).Xac nh ten 3 kim loai. 26) Cho H2SO4 loang d tac dung vi 6,66 gr hon hp gom 2 kim loai A,B eu hoa tr II thu c 0,1 mol kh ong thi khoi lng giam 6,5 gr. Hoa tan phan ran con lai bang H2SO4ac, nong th thu c 0,16 gr SO2. a) nh ten 2 kim loai A, B ( gia s MA > MB ). b) Tnh thanh phan khoi lng va thanh phan % khoi lng cua chung co trong hon hp. c) Cho phng phap tach ri tng chat sau ay ra khoi hon hp A, B, oxit B va ASO4 ( muoi sunfat). 27) Cho Hidroxit cua kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va u vi dung dch H2SO4 20% th thu c dung dch muoi co nong o 24,12%. Xac nh cong thc hidroxit. 28)2,8 gam Oxit cua kim loai hoa tr II tac dung va het vi 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1M. Xac nh Oxit o. 29)Hoa tan 7 gam hon hp gom Mg va 1 kim loai kiem A vao dung dch H2SO4 loang d, sau phan ng thu c 4,48lt kh(kc) va hon hp muoi B. Xac nh kim loai kiem A va % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp au.Tnh khoi lng B, biet rang neu dung 60ml dung dch H 2SO4 1M th khong hoa tan het 3,45 gam kim loai A. 31)Cho dung dch H2SO4 tac dung vi dung dch NaOH. Sau phan ng co can dung dch thu c 7,2 gam muoi axit va 56,8 gam muoi trung hoa.Xac nh lng H2SO4 va NaOH a lay. 32)Hoa tan 3,2 gam hon hp Cu va CuO vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c 672ml kh (kc). Tnh phan hon hp, khoi lng muoi thu c va khoi lng dung dch H2SO4 98% can lay. 33)Hoa tan 11,5gam hon hp Cu, Mg, Al vao dung dch HCl thu c 5,6 lt kh(kc). Phan khong tan cho vao H2SO4 ac,nong thu c 2,24 lt kh(kc). Tnh % khoi lng cua moi kim loai trong hon hp . 34)Hoa tan hoan toan 9,1g[18,4g] hon hp Al va Cu [Fe va Cu] vao H 2SO4 ac nong th thu c 5,6lt[8,96lt] kh SO2(kc). c. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hon hp . d. Tnh the tch kh H2(kc) thoat ra khi cho hon hp tren tac dung vi H2SO4 loang. 35)Hoa tan hoan toan Vlt kh SO2 (kc) vao nc, cho nc brom vao dung dch en khi brom khong con mat mau th tiep tuc cho dung dch BaCl2 vao en d, loc lay ket tua can c 1,165g. Tnh V lt kh SO2. 36)Cho 4,8g Mg tac dung vi 250ml dung dch H 2SO4 10%(d= 1,176g/ml) thu c kh H2 va dung dch A. e. Tnh the tch kh H2(kc) thu c. f. Tnh nong o % cac chat trong dung dch A. 37) Mot hon hp A gom Fe va mot kim loai M hoa tr 2. -Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H 2SO4 loang th thu c 4,48lt kh H2(kc). -Hoa tan hoan toan 12,1g hon hp A bang H2SO4 ac nong th thu c 5,6 lt kh SO2(kc).

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g. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng co the xay ra. h. Xac nh kim loai M. 38) Hoa tan 29,4 g hh Al, Cu, Mg vao dd HCl d tao 14 lt kh 00C, 0,8 atm. Phan khong tan cho tac dung vi dd H2SO4 tao 6,72 lt kh SO2 kc. i. Xac nh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hh. j. Cho hh tren tac dung vi H2SO4 kh tao thanh c dan qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 sau 1 thi gian thu c 54 g ket tua. Tnh V Ca(OH)2 can dung. 39)Hoa tan 24,8g hh X gom Fe, Mg, Cu trong dd H 2SO4 , nong d thu c dung dch A. Sau khi co can dd A thu c 132 g muoi khan. 24,8 g X tac dung vi dd HCl d th thu c 11,2 lt kh (kc). k. Viet phng trnh phan ng l. Tnh % khoi lng moi kim loai trong hh X. 40) Cho 8,3 g hon hp A gom 3 kim loai ong, Nhom va Magie tac dung va u vi dd H2SO4 20% (loang). Sau phan ng con chat khong tan B va thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc). Hoa tan hoan toan B trong H 2SO4 , nong, d; thu c 1,12 lt kh SO2 (kc). m. Tnh % so mol moi kim loai trong hon hp A. n. Tnh C% cac chat co trong dung dch B, biet lng H 2SO4 phan ng la va u. Dan toan bo kh SO2 tren vao dd Ca(OH)2 sau mot thi gian thu c 3 g ket tua va dd D. Loc bo ket tua cho Ca(OH) 2 en d vao dd D, tm khoi lng ket tua thu c.

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Bui 9 : bi tp tng hp tc phn ng v cn bng ha hc

I-Mc ch yu cu. 1,Hng dn hc sinh n tp bi tp l thuyt v bi tp tng hp 7 2. Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Trng tm: Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp ha hc cho hc sinh. Rn luyn k nng nhn dng bi ton p dng phng php giI bi tp cho ph hp. II- Phng php: Thuyt trnh v m thoi. III- Ni dung n tp. I- Cha bi tp v nh ca bui trc. JNi dung n tp

Cu 1: Tc ca mt phn ng c dng:v=k.CxA.CyB (A, B l 2 cht khc nhau). Nu tng nng A ln 2 ln (nng B khng i) th tc phn ng tng 8 ln. Gi tr ca x l A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 8.

Cu 2: Cho phn ng sau: Cc cht phn ng => cc cht sn phm. Yu t KHNG nh hng n tc phn ng ni trn l A. nng cc cht phn ng. C. nhit . B. nng cc cht sn phm. D. cht xc tc.

Cu 3: Khi tng thm 10OC, tc mt phn ng ho hc tng ln 2 ln. Vy khi tng nhit ca phn ng t 25OC ln 75OC th tc phn ng tng A. 5 ln. B. 10 ln. C. 16 ln. D. 32 ln.

Cu 4: Khi tng thm 10OC, tc mt phn ng ho hc tng ln 3 ln. tc phn ng (ang tin hnh 30OC) tng 81 ln th cn phi tng nhit ln n

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A. 50OC.

B. 60OC.

C. 70OC.

D. 80OC.

Cu 5: Khi tng thm 10OC, tc mt phn ng ho hc tng ln 4 ln. Vy khi gim nhit t 70OC xung 40OC th tc phn ng gim i A. 16 ln. B. 32 ln. C. 64 ln. D. 128 ln.

Cu 6: Ngi ta cho N2 v H2 vo trong bnh kn dung tch khng i v thc hin phn ng: N2 + 3H2 <=> 2NH3. Sau mt thi gian, nng cc cht trong bnh nh sau: [N2] = 2M; [H2] = 3M; [NH3] = 2M. Nng mol/l ca N2 v H2 ban u ln lt l A. 3 v 6. B. 2 v 3. C. 4 v 8. D. 2 v 4.

Cu 7: Xt phn ng sau nhit khng i: 2NO + O2 <=> 2NO2. Khi th tch bnh phn ng gim i mt na th tc phn ng A. tng 4 ln. B. gim 4 ln. C. tng 8 ln. D. gim 8 ln.

Cu 8: Cho 6 gam, km ht vo cc ng dung dch H2SO4 2M nhit thng. Bin i no sau y khng lm thay i tc phn ng? A. thay 6 gam km ht bng 6 gam km bt. B. tng nhit ln n 50OC. C. thay dung dch H2SO4 2M bng dung dch H2SO4 1M. D. tng th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M ln 2 ln. Cu 9: Cho phn ng: 2KClO3 (r) <=> 2KCl(r) + 3O2 (k). Yu t khng nh hng n tc ca phn ng trn l A. kch thc ht KClO3. B. p sut. C. cht xc tc. D. nhit .

Cu 10: Khi phn ng thun nghch trng thi cn bng th n A. khng xy ra na. C. ch xy ra theo chiu thun. B. vn tip tc xy ra. D. ch xy ra theo chiu nghch.

Cu 11: Gi tr hng s cn bng KC ca phn ng thay i khi A. thay i nng cc cht. C. thay i p sut. Cu 12: Cc yu t nh hng n cn bng ho hc l B. thay i nhit . D. thm cht xc tc.

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A. nng , nhit v cht xc tc. C. nng , nhit v p sut. Cu 13: Cho phn ng: Fe2O3 (r) + 3CO (k) =>

B. nng , p sut v din tch b mt. D. p sut, nhit v cht xc tc. 2Fe (r) + 3CO2 (k).

Khi tng p sut ca phn ng ny th A. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. C. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. Cu 14: Cho phn ng: N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) B. cn bng khng b chuyn dch. D. phn ng dng li. <=> 2NH3 (k) H < 0.

Khi gim nhit ca phn ng t 450OC xung n 25 OC th A. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. C. cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch. B. cn bng khng b chuyn dch. D. phn ng dng li.

Cu 15: Phn ng: 2SO2 + O2 <=> 2SO3 H < 0. Khi gim nhit v khi gim p sut th cn bng ca phn ng trn chuyn dch tng ng l A. thun v thun. C. nghch v nghch. B. thun v nghch. D.nghch v thun.

Cu 16: Trn 1 mol H2 vi 1 mol I2 trong bnh kn dung tch 1 lt. Bit rng 410O, hng s tc ca phn ng thun l 0,0659 v hng s tc ca phn ng nghch l 0,0017. Khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng 410OC th nng ca HI l A. 2,95. B. 1,52. C. 1,47. D. 0,76.

Cu 17: Cho phn ng sau mt nhit nht nh: N2 + 3H3 <=> 2NH3. Nng (mol/l) lc ban u ca N2 v H2 ln lt l 0,21 v 2,6. Bit KC ca phn ng l 2. Nng cn bng (mol/l) ca N2, H2, NH3 tng ng l A. 0,08; 1 v 0,4. B. 0,01; 2 v 0,4. <=> C. 0,02; 1 v 0,2. D. 0,001; 2 v 0,04.

Cu 18: Cho phn ng: CO (k) + H2O (k)

CO2 (k) + H2 (k)

Bit KC ca phn ng l 1 v nng ban u ca CO v H2O tng ng l 0,1 mol/l v 0,4 mol/l. Nng cn bng (mol/l) ca CO v H2O tng ng l A. 0,08 v 0,08. B. 0,02 v 0,08. C. 0,02 v 0,32. D. 0,05 v 0,35.

Cu 19: Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i V lt cha NH3 0OC v 1atm vi nng 1mol/l. Nung bnh n 546OC v NH3 b phn hu theo phn ng: 2NH3 <=> N2 + 3H2. Khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, p sut kh trong bnh l 3,3atm. nhit ny nng cn bng ca NH3 (mol/l) v gi tr ca KC l

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A. 0,1; 2,01.10-3.

B. 0,9; 2,08.10-4.

C. 0,15; 3,02.10-4.

D. 0,05; 3,27.10-3.

Cu 20: Cho phng trnh phn ng: 2A(k) + B (k) <=> 2X (k) + 2Y(k). Ngi ta trn 4 cht, mi cht 1 mol vo bnh kn dung tch 2 lt (khng i). Khi cn bng, lng cht X l 1,6 mol. Hng s cn bng ca phn ng ny l A. 58,51 B. 33,44. C. 29,26 D. 40,96.

Cu 21: Cho phn ng: CO + Cl2 <=> COCl2 thc hin trong bnh kn dung tch 1 lt nhit khng i. Khi cn bng [CO] = 0,02; [Cl2] = 0,01; [COCl2] = 0,02. Bm thm vo bnh 1,42gam Cl2. Nng mol/l ca CO; Cl2 v COCl2 trng thi cn bng mi ln lt l A. 0,013; 0,023 v 0,027. C. 0,015; 0,025 v 0,025. B. 0,014; 0,024 v 0,026. D. 0,016; 0,026 v 0,024.

Cu 22 (A-07): Khi tin hnh este ha gia 1 mol CH3COOH vi 1 mol C2H5OH th thu c 2/3 mol este. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ha 1 mol axit axetic cn s mol ru etylic l (cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit ) A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 0,456. D. 2,412.

Cu 23: Cho cn bng: N2O4 <=> 2NO2. Cho 18,4 gam N2O4 vo bnh chn khng dung tch 5,9 lt 27OC, khi t n trng thi cn bng, p sut l 1 atm. Hng s cn bng KC nhit ny l A. 0,040. B. 0,007. C. 0,500. D. 0,008.

Cu 24: Khi ho tan SO2 vo nc c cn bng sau: SO2 + H2O <=> HSO3- + H+. Khi cho thm NaOH v khi cho thm H2SO4 long vo dung dch trn th cn bng s chuyn dch tng ng l A. thun v thun. C. nghch v thun. B. thun v nghch.

35