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HROCACBON NO - ANKAN
1
CH2
CH3
CH3
C CH2
CH3
H3 C
CH2 CH CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
H3 C CH
CH CH3
1
met
2
et
3
prop
4
but
5
pent
6
hecx
7
hept
8
oct
9
non
10
dec
iso propyl
CH3 CH2 CH
CH3
H3 C
secbutyl
CH3
C
CH3
tert butyl
CH3
C CH2
CH3
H3 C
neo pentyl
- Cc bc gi tn ankan c nhnh:
Bc 1. Chn mch chnh l mch di nht, cha nhiu nhm th nht.
Bc 2. nh s trn mch chnh sao cho tng v tr cc nhm th l nh nht.
Bc 3. Gi tn theo nguyn tc sau:
Tn ankan c nhnh = s ch v tr cc nhm th + tn cc nhm th + t gc (ng vi s C
ca mch chnh) + an.
- Ch :
+ Gia hai s phi c mt du phy (,). VD: 2,3
+ Gia s v ch phi c mt du gch ngang (-).
+ Nu cc nhm th u l gc Cx Hy th gi tn s ch v tr v tn nhm theo th t a, b, c, . . ..
+ Nu nhm th khc loi phi gi theo th t: halogen (-X), nitro (-NO2 ), amino (-NH2 ), ankyl
+ Khi c nhiu nhm th ging nhau: t lin tip cc s ch v tr ca cc nhm ging nhau, cc s
cch nhau bi mt du phy, sau ty s lng nhm th m thm t i (2 nhm), tri (3 nhm), tetra (4
nhm), ... trc tn nhnh (nhm th).
-VD:
H3 C CH CH2
CH3
CH2
CH3
H3 C
CH3
C CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
H3 C
C
Cl
2-clo-3-nitro-2,3-imetylhexan
Bi tp
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