Bát-đẳng-thức-Bunhiacópxki Nguyenvantaiduc

Trng THPT Chuyen Tien Giang CY o kim Son
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I.Bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki ( BCS ) :

Cho 2 b s thc ( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
a a a v ( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
b b b , mi b gm n s. Khi ta c:
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
... ... ...
n n n n
a b a b a b a a a b b b + + + + + + + + +
Du ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi:

1 2
1 2
...
n
n
a a a
b b b
= = =
vi quy c nu mu bng 0 th t phi bng 0.

II. Cc h qu :
H qu 1:

Nu
1 1
...
n n
a x a x C + + = (khng i) th
( )
2 2
1
2 2
1
min ...
...
n
n
C
x x
a a
+ + =
+ +

t c khi
1
1
...
n
n
x x
a a
= =

H qu 2:

Nu
2 2 2
1
...
n
x x C + + = (khng i) th ( )
2 2
1 1 1
max ... ...
n n n
a x a x C a a + + = + +
t c khi
1
1
... 0
n
n
x x
a a
= =
( )
2 2
1 1 1
min ... ...
n n n
a x a x C a a + + = + +
Du = xy ra
1
1
... 0
n
n
x x
a a
= =

III.Bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki m rng:

M rng bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki cho 3 dy s thc khng m
( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
a a a ; ( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
b b b ; ( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
c c c ta lun c :
( ) ( )( )( )
2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
... ... ... ...
n n n n n n
a b c a b c a b c a a a b b b c c c + + + + + + + + + + + +

Chng minh:
t
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3
1 2 1 2 1 2
... , ... , ...
n n n
A a a a B b b b C c c c = + + + = + + + = + + +
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Nu 0 A = hoc 0 B = hoc 0 C = th bt ng thc hin nhin ng v khi c hai v ca bt ng thc
u bng 0.
Vy ta ch xt trng hp 0; 0; 0 A B C > > >
t ; ;
i i i
i i i
a b c
x y z
A B C
= = = vi 1; 2;3 i =
Khi ta c:
3 3 3
1 2 3
3 3 3
1 2 3
3 3 3
1 2 3
1
1
1
x x x
y y y
z z z
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
v bt ng thc cn chng minh tr thnh:

1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
1 x y z x y z x y z + +
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 3 s khng m: ( )
3 3 3
; ; 1; 2;3
i i i
x y z i = ta c:
3 3 3
1 1 1
1 1 1
3 3 3
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 3 3
3 3 3
3 3 3
3
3
3
x x x
x y z
x x x
x y z
x x x
x y z
+ +
+ +
+ +

Cng cc bt ng thc trn li ta c:
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
1 x y z x y z x y z + + (pcm)
ng thc xy ra
1 1 1
1 1 1
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 3 3
3 3 3
a b c
A B C
x y z
a b c
x y z
A B C
x y z
a b c
A B C
= =
= =

= = = =

= =

= =

Hay ( ) : : : : 1; 2;3
i i i
a b c A B C i = = tc l:
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
: : : : : : a b c a b c a b c = =
Tng qut : bt ng thc Bunhiacpxki m rng cho rng cho mdy s thc khng m:

Cho mdy s thc khng m:
( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
a a a , ( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
b b b , , ( )
1 2
; ;...;
n
K K K
Ta c:
( ) ( )( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
m
m m m m m m m m m
n n n n n n
a b K a b K a b K a a a b b b K K K + + + + + + + + + + + +
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi:
1 1 1 2 2 2
: : ... : : : ... : : : ... :
n n n
a b K a b K a b K = = ( chng minh tng t nh trn)

I- MT S V D :

Bi 1: Cho , , x y z l ba s dng tha 4 9 16 49 x y z + + = . Chng minh rng:
1 25 64
49 T
x y z
= + +
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ng thc xy ra khi no?
Hng dn gii
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho su s 2 ;3 ; 4 x y z v
1 5 8
; ;
x y z
ta c:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
1 25 84 1 5 8
49. 4 9 16 2 3 4 T x y z x y z
x y z
x y z

= + + + + = + + + +

2
2
1 5 8
2 . 3 . 4 . 49 x y z
x y z

+ + =

1 25 64
49 T
x y z
= + +
ng thc xy ra khi
1
2
1 5 8
5
2 3 4
3
4 9 16 49
2
x
x y z y
x y z
z

= =

=

+ + =

Bi 2 : Cho 0; 0 x y > > v
2 2
x y x y + + .Chng minh:
3 2 5 x y + +
Hng dn gii
Gi thit:
2 2
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
x y x y x y

+ + +

p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho 2 b s: ( )
1 1
1;3 ; ;
2 2
x y

ta c:
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1. 1 3. 10 5
2 2 2 2
y x y

+ +

( )
2
3 2 5 x y +
3 2 5 x y +
3 2 5 x y + +
ng thc xy ra khi
1 5
2 10
1 3 5
2 10
x
y
= +
= +

Bi 3 : Cho , , 0 a b c ; 1 a b c + + = .Chng minh:
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2 2 2
1 1 1 1
30
ab bc ac a b c
+ + +
+ +

Hng dn gii
Gi
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
A
ab bc ac a b c
= + + +
+ +

p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho 2 b s:
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
; ; ;
;3 ;3 ;3
ab bc ca
a b c
a b c ab bc ca

+ +

+ +

Ta c: ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 3 3 3 9 9 9 a b c ab bc ca A + + + + + + + +
( ) ( )
2
100 7 a b c ab bc ca A

+ + + + +

(*)
M ( )
2 1 1
(do 1)
3 3
ab bc ca a b c a b c + + + + = + + =
Do : (*) 30. A
ng thc xy ra khi
1
3
a b c = = =
Bi 4 : Cho ; ; 0 x y z > v tho 1 x y z + + .Chng minh :
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
82 x y z
x y z
+ + + + +
Hng dn gii
Gi
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
S x y z
x y z
= + + + + +
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho 2 b s: ( )
1
1;9 ; ; x
x

Ta c:
2 2
2 2
9 1 1
1 81. 82. x x x
x x x
+ + + = + (1)
Tng t:
2
2
9 1
82. y y
y y
+ +
` (2)

2
2
9 1
82. z z
z z
+ + (3)
Cng (1),(2) v (3) theo v ta c:
1 1 1
. 82 9 S x y z
x y z

+ + + + +

Hay
( ) ( )
1 1 1
. 82 81 9 80 S x y z x y z
x y z

+ + + + + + +

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( )
1 1 1
2.9.3. 80 162 80 82 x y z
x y z

+ + + + =

Vy
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
82 x y z
x y z
+ + + + +

Bi 5 : Cho ba s thc dng , , a b c tho ab bc ca abc + + = .Chng minh rng:
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
3
b a c b a c
ab bc ca
+ + +
+ +
Hng dn gii
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 1
2
b a b a
ab a b a b
+ +
= = + (do , a b dng)
t
1 1 1
; ; x y z
a b c
= = = th
gi thit
, , 0 ; ; 0
1
a b c x y z
ab bc ca abc x y z
> >

+ + = + + =

v (pcm)
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 3 x y y z z x + + + + +
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
3 2 3 x y x y y x y y + = + + + +
( )
2 2
1
2 2
3
x y x y + +
Tng t ( )
2 2
1
2 2
3
y z y z + +
( )
2 2
1
2 2
3
z x z x + +
Vy ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2 2 2 3 3 3 3
3
x y y z z x x y z + + + + + + + =
ng thc xy ra khi
1
3
x y z = = =
Vi
1
3
x y z = = = th 3 a b c = = =

Bi 6 : Chng minh: ( ) 1 1 1 1 a b c c ab + + + vi mi s thc dng ; ; 1 a b c
Hng dn gii
t
2 2 2
1 ; 1 ; 1 a x b y c z = = =
Vi ; ; 0. x y z > Bt ng thc cn chng minh tr thnh:
( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 x y z z x y

+ + + + + +

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( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 x y x y x y z x y z + + + + + + + + (1)
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1. 1 x y z x y z + + + + + + + (2)
Kt hp (1) v (2) ta c
( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 x y z z x y

+ + + + + +

Vy ( ) 1 1 1 1 a b c c ab + + + (pcm)

Bi 7 : Cho ; ; 0 a b c > v tho 1 abc = .Chng minh:

( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
1 1 1 3
2 a b c b c a c a b
+ +
+ + +

Hng dn gii
t
1 1 1
; ; x y z
a b c
= = = 1; 0; 0; 0 xyz x y z = > > >
Ta cn chng minh bt ng thc sau : A=
2 2 2
3
2
x y z
y z z x x y
+ +
+ + +

p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho 2 b s :
( )
; ; ; ; ;
x y z
y z z x x y
y z z x x y

+ + +

+ + +

Ta c: ( ) ( )
2
x y z y z z x x y A + + + + + + +
3
3 3
.
2 2 2
x y z
A xyz
+ +
= (do 1 xyz = )
3
2
A
ng thc xy ra khi 1 x y z = = =
Vi 1 x y z = = = th 1. a b c = = =

Bi 8 : Cho ; ; 0 a b c > .Chng minh:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1
a b c
a a b a c b b c b a c c a c b
+ +
+ + + + + + + + +

Hng dn gii

( ) ( )
; ; ; a b c a
Ta c:
( )
( )( ) ( )( )
2
ac ab a b c a ac ab a b c a + + + + + +
( )( ) a ac ab a a b c a + + + + +
( )( )
a a a
a ac ab a b c a a b a c
=
+ + + + + + +
(1)
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Tng t:
( )( )
b b
a b c b b c b a

+ + + + +
(2)

( )( )
c c
a b c c c a c b

+ + + + +
(3)
Cng (1),(2) v (3) theo v ta c:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1
a b c
a a b a c b b c b a c c a c b
+ +
+ + + + + + + + +

ng thc xy ra khi a b c = = .

Bi 9 : Cho ; 0 a b > v tho
2 2
9 a b + = .Chng minh :
3 2 3
3 2
ab
a b

+ +

Hng dn gii
Ta c:
2 2
9 a b + =
( )
( )( )
2
2 9
2 3 3
ab a b
ab a b a b
= +
= + + +

2
3
3
3
3 2 2
ab
a b
a b
ab a b
a b
= +
+ +
+
=
+ +

M theo BT Bunhiacpxki th
2 2
2. 3 2 a b a b + + =
Nn
3 2 3
3 2
ab
a b

+ +

ng thc xy ra khi
2 2
; 0
3
9
2
a b
a b a b
a b
>
+ = = =

Bi 10: Cho ; ; ; a b c d dng tu .Chng minh :
1 1 1 p q p q p q
a b c pa qb pb qc pc qa
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + +

Hng dn gii
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki ta c
( ) ( )
2
2
. .
p q p q
p q pa qb pa qb
a b a b

+ = + + +

Tng t ta chng minh c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
;
p q p q
p q pb qc p q pc qa
b c c a

+ + + + + +

Cng cc v tng ng ca ba bt ng thc ta c :
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( ) ( )
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
p q p q
pa qb pb qc pc qa a b c

+ + + + + +

+ + +

Hay ( )
1 1 1 1 1 1
p q
pa qb pb qc pc qa a b c

+ + + + +

+ + +

Vy
1 1 1 p q p q p q
a b c pa qb pb qc pc qa
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + +

Bi 11 : Cho 4 s dng ; ; ; a b c d .Chng minh:
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
3
a b c d a b c d
b c d c d a b d a a b c
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

Hng dn gii
t
3 3 3 3
a b c d
P
= + + +
+ + + + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 3
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
a b c d
a b c d b c d a c d b a d a b c

+ + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + +

Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
a b c d P a b c d b c d a c d a b d a b c + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c d P a b c d a b c d

+ + + + + + + + +

(1)
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho 2 b s: ( ) ( ) ; ; ; ; 1;1;1;1 a b c d ta c:
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
4 a b c d a b c d + + + + + + (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
3
3
a b c d P a b c d
a b c d P
+ + + + + +
+ + +

Vy
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
3
a b c d a b c d
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

Bi 12 : Cho cc s dng ; ; a b c tha a + b + c = 1 . Chng minh : 1
1 1 1
a b c
b a c b a c
+ +
+ + +

Hng dn gii
t
1 1 1 2 2 2
a b c a b c
A
b a c b a c b c c a a b
= + + = + +
+ + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c
a b c a b c b c a c a b
b c c a a b
a b c
a b c b c a c a b
b c c a a b

+ + = + + + + +

+ + +

+ + + + + + +

+ + +

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( )
( )
2
3
a b c
A
ab bc ca
+ +

+ +

Ta li c:
( ) ( )
2
3 a b c ab bc ca + + + + . Suy ra
( )
( )
3
1
3
ab bc ca
A
ab bc ca
+ +
=
+ +

Vy 1
1 1 1
a b c
b a c b a c
+ +
+ + +

Du ng thc xy ra khi
2 2 2
1
3
1
b c c a a b
a b c a b c
a b c
+ = + = +
= = = = =
+ + =

Bi 13 : Gi s cc s thc ; ; ; x y z t tho mn iu kin:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 a x y b z t + + + = vi ; a b l hai s dng cho
trc. Chng minh: ( )( )
a b
x z y t
ab
+
+ +
Hng dn gii
Do ; 0 a b > nn t gi thit ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1
1
1

x y z t
a x y b z t
b a ab
x z y t
b a b a ab
+ +
+ + + = + =
+ + + =

( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
. .
x z x z
x z b a b a
b a
b a

+ = + + +

(1)
Tng t : ( ) ( )
2 2
2 y t
y t b a
b a

+ + +

(2)
Cng tng v (1) v (2) ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 x z y t a b
x z y t b a
b a b a ab
+
+ + + + + + + =

(3)
Mt khc ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 x z y t x z y t + + + + + (4)
Do t (3) v (4) suy ra: ( )( )
a b
x z y t
ab
+
+ +
Du ng thc xy ra
x z
b a
x y
y t
ax
b a z t
b
x z y t
=

=

= =

+ = +

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Bi 14 : Cho cc s thc dng ; ; ; x y z t tho mn 1. xyzt = Chng minh:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 4
3 x yz zt ty y xz zt tx z xt ty yx t xy yz zx
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

Hng dn gii
Vi ; ; ; x y z t dt
1 1 1 1
; ; ; ( ; ; ; 0) a b c d a b c d
x y z t
= = = = > v 1 abcd =
1 1 1 1
; ; ; x y z t
a b c d
= = = =
Bt ng thc cn chng minh tng vi:
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
bc cd bd ac cd ad ad bd ab ab bc ac a b c d
+ + +

+ + + + + + + +

3 3 3 3
4
3
a b c d
b c d c d a d a b a b c
bcd adc abd abc
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
4
3
a b c d
a b c d b c d a c d a b d a b c
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
(v 1 abcd = )
2 2 2 2
4
3
a b c d
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

t
2 2 2 2
a b c d
S
= + + +
+ + + + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
. S b c d c d a d a b a b c a b c d + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

( )
( )
( )
2
1
3 3
a b c d
S a b c d
a b c d
+ + +
= + + +
+ + +
(1)
p dng BT Cauchy vi 2 s dng:
2 ; 2 a b ab c d cd + +
Suy ra
( )
2 a b c d ab cd + + + +
Li p dng BT Cauchy cho 2 s dng ; ab cd ta c:
4
2 2 2 ab cd abcd abcd + = = (v 1 abcd = ) (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra
4
3
S
Vy
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
bc cd bd ac cd ad ad bd ab ab bc ac a b c d
+ + +

+ + + + + + + +

Du ng thc xy ra khi 1 1 a b c d x y z t = = = = = = = = .

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4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4
3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4
1
4
x x x x
x x x x
+ + +

+ + +
Bi 15 : Cho
1 2 3 4
; ; ; x x x x dng tho iu kin
1 2 3 4
1 x x x x + + + = .Chng minh :

Hng dn gii
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 4 x x x x x x x x = + + + + + +
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
1
4
x x x x + + + (1)

( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
. . . . x x x x x x x x x x x x + + + = + + +
( )( )
3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
x x x x x x x x + + + + + +

3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4
x x x x = + + + (v
1 2 3 4
1 x x x x + + + = )

3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
(2)

( )
2
3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4
x x x x + + +

( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
. . . . x x x x x x x x = + + +

( )( )
2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
x x x x x x x x + + + + + +

4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
+ + + + + +

+ + + + + +
(3)
T (1);(2) v (3) suy ra:

Bi 16 : Cho bn s dng ; ; ; a b c d .Chng minh:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4
a b c d a b c d
a b a b b c b c c d c d d a d a
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

Hng dn gii
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 4 a b a b a b a b a b a b + + + + + + (1)

( )( )
( )
4 4
2 2
1
4
a b
a b
a b a b
+
+
+ +

Mt khc:
( )( )
4 4
2 2
a b
a b
a b a b
=
+ +

t
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c d
N
= + + +
+ + + + + + + +

4 4 4 4
1 2 3 4
3 3 3 3
1 2 3 4
1
4
x x x x
x x x x
+ + +

+ + +
www.nguoithay.org


Ta c:
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
N
+ + + + + + + +
= + + +
+ + + + + + + +
(1)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
2
4 4 4 4
N a b a b b c b c c d c d d a d a + + + + + + + + + + +
( ) ( )
1 1
2
4 4
N a b b c c d d a N a b c d + + + + + + + + + + ( pcm )

Bi 17 : Cho ; ; a b c l cc s thc dng.Chng minh:
2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c
a bc b ac c ab
+ +
+ + +

(Trch thi Olympic Ton Quc T ln th 42, nm 2001)
Hng dn gii
t
2 2 2
8 8 8
a b c
A
a bc b ac c ab
= + +
+ + +

p dng BT Bunhiacpxki hai ln ta c:
( )
2
2
2 2 2 4 4 4
2 2 2 4 4 4
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 3 3
. . 8 . . 8 . . 8
8 8 8
. 8 8 8
8 8 8
. . 8 . 8 . 8
a b c
a b c a a bc b b ac c c ab
a bc b ac c ab
a b c
a a bc b b ac c c ab
a bc b ac c ab
A a a abc b b abc c c abc

+ + = + + + + +

+ + +

+ + + + + + +

+ + +

= + + + + +

( )( )
3 3 3
. 24 A a b c a b c abc + + + + + (1)
Mt khc
( ) ( )( )( )
3
3 3 3
3 a b c a b c a b b c a c + + = + + + + + +
p dng BT Cauchy vi hai s dng ta c:
2 ; 2 ; 2 a b ab b c bc a c ac + + +
Suy ra:
( )( )( ) 8 a b b c a c abc + + +
( ) ( )( )( )
3
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 24 a b c a b c a b b c a c a b c abc + + = + + + + + + + + + (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra:
( ) ( )( ) ( )
2 3 2
. . a b c A a b c a b c A a b c + + + + + + = + +
Do 1 A , ngha l
2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c
a bc b ac c ab
+ +
+ + +

Du ng thc xy ra khi a b c = = .

Bi 18 : Cho ; ; x y z
+
tho 1 xy yz zt tx + + + = .Chng minh:
www.nguoithay.org


3 3 3 3
1
3
x y z t
y z t x z t x y t x y z
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

Hng dn gii
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
xy yz zt tx x y z t y z t x + + + + + + + + +
2 2 2 2
1 x y z t + + + (1)
t: ; ; ; X y z t Y x z t Z x y t T x y z = + + = + + = + + = + +
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s: x y z t
2 2 2 2
x y z t v
3 3 3 3
x y z t
v y z t x z t x y t x y z X Y Z T + + + + + + + +
1 1 1 1
X Y Z T

p dng BT Tr-b-sp cho hai dy s sau:
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1
x y z t
X Y Z T

( )
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1
4
x y z t
x y z t
X Y Z T X Y Z T

+ + + + + + + + +

(2)
p dng BT Tr-b-sp cho hai dy
2 2 2 2
x y z t
x y z t

( ) ( )( )
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
1
4
x y z t x y z t x y z t + + + + + + + + +
Mt khc:
( ) ( )
1 1
3 3
x y z t x y z x y t x z t y z t X Y Z T + + + = + + + + + + + + + + + = + + +
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
1 1
.
4 3
x y z t x y z t X Y Z T + + + + + + + + + (3)
T (2) v (3) rt ra:
( )( )
3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
48
x y z t
x y z t X Y Z T
X Y Z T X Y Z T

+ + + + + + + + + + + +

Theo (1) ta li c:
2 2 2 2
1 x y z t + + +
p dng BT Cauchy cho ; ; ; 0 X Y Z T > ta c:
( )
4
4
4 . . .
1 1 1 1 1
4
. . .
1 1 1 1
. 16
X Y Z T X Y Z T
X Y Z T X Y Z T
X Y Z T
X Y Z T
+ + +
+ + +

+ + + + + +



Vy
3 3 3 3
1 1
.1.16
48 3
x y z t
X Y Z T
+ + + =
Thay ; ; ; X Y Z T ta c kt qu:
3 3 3 3
1
3
x y z t
y z t x z t x y t x y z
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

Du ng thc xy ra khi
1
2
x y z t = = = =
Bi 19 : Cho n l s t nhin.Chng minh rng:
( )
1 2
... 2 1
n n
n n n
C C C n + + +
Hng dn gii
Chn hai dy
( )
( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
; ;...; ; ... 1
n
n n n n n
a C a C a C b b b = = = = = = =
( )
( )( )
2
1 2 1 2
... ... 1 1 ... 1
n n
n n n n n n
C C C C C C + + + + + + + + + (1)
Theo nh thc Newton ta c: ( )
1
n
n
k k n k
n
k
a b C a b

=
+ =

Cho 1 a b = = .Ta c:
0 1 1
2 ... 2 1 ...
n n n n
n n n n n
C C C C C = + + + = + +
Vy t (1) ta c:
( )
1 2
... 2 1
n n
n n n
C C C n + + +
Du ng thc xy ra khi
1 2
... 1
n
n n n
C C C n = = = = .

Bi 20 : Cho ; ; ; 0 a b c d > .Chng minh :
2
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3
a b c d
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +

(Trch d b Quc T Ton M nm 1993)
Hng dn gii
2
1 1 1
n n n
i
i i i
i i i
i
x
x y x
y
= = =

vi ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
4; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 2 3 ; 2 3 ; 2 3 ; 2 3 n x x x x a b c d y y y y b c d c d a d a b a b c = = = + + + + + + + +
VT
( )
( )
2
4
a b c d
ab ac ad bc bd cd
+ + +
+ + + + +
(1)
Mt khc ( ) ( )
2 3
8
ab ac ad bc bd cd a b c d + + + + + + + + (2)
T (1) v (2) VT
2
3
( pcm )

Bi 21 : Cho 0; 0; 0 a b c > > > .Chng minh :
4 4 4 3 3 3
2
a b c a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +



Hng dn gii
t
4 4 4
2 2 2
1 2 3
; ;
a b c
x x x
b c c a a b
= = =
+ + +
v ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3
; ; a b c y b c a y c a b y + = + = + =
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki ta c cho cc s
1 2 3
; ; x x x v
1 2 3
; ; y y y ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 4
2
2
2
2 2 3 3 3
a b c
a b c b c a c a b a b c
b c c a a b

+ + + + + + + + +

+ + +

Nn
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3
4 4 4
2
2 2
a b c
a b c
b c c a a b
a b c b c a c a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+ + + + +

chng minh c bi ton ta cn chng minh:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 2 2
2 a b c a b c b c a c a b + + + + + + + (**)
(**)
3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2
0 a b a b b a b c b c bc c a c a ca + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
0 a b a b b c b c c a c a + + + + + (***)
Bt ng thc (***) l ng (**) l ng Bi ton ng.
Vy
4 4 4 3 3 3
2
a b c a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +

Bi 22 : Cho 0; 1; 2;...;
i
x i n > = c
1 2
... 1
n
x x x + + + = .Cho
1 2
; ;...;
n
i i i
x x x l hon v ca
1 2
; ;...;
n
x x x .Chng minh:
( )
2 2
2
1
1
1
k
n
k
k
i
n
x
x n
=
+
+

Hng dn gii
Theo Bunhiacpxki:
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
.
k k k
n n n n
k k k
k k k k
i i i
n x x x
x x x
= = = =

+ + = +

M
1
1
n
k
k
x
=
=

2
2 2
1 1 1
1
1 1
k
k k
k
n n n
i
n
k k k
i i
i
k
n
x n n
x x
x
= = =
=

=

Vy
( )
2 2
2
1
1
1
k
n
k
k
i
n
x
x n
=
+
+

BI TP :

Bi 1: Cho ; ; ; 0 a b c d > v tha
( )
3
2 2 2 2
c d a b + = + .Chng minh:
3 3
1
a b
c d
+


Bi 2: Cho ; ; ; 0 a b c d > .Chng minh:
1 1 4 16 64
a b c d a b c d
+ + +
+ + +

Bi 3: Cho ; ; a b c l 3 s dng v
2 2 2
1 a b c + + .Chng minh:
3 3 3
1
2
a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ + +

Bi 4: Cho
2 2 2
1 a b c + + = .Chng minh: 1 3 a b c ab ac bc + + + + + +
Bi 5: Cho ; ; a b c l cc s dng.Chng minh:
4 4 4 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
a b c a b c
a ba b b bc c c ac a
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + +

Bi 6: Cho 3 s ; ; x y z tho ( ) ( ) ( )
4
1 1 1
3
x x y y z z + + .Chng minh: 4 x y z + +
Bi 6: Cho ; ; a b c l 3 s khng m.Chng minh:
2 2 2
3 3 3
a b b c c a
a b c
+ + +
+ + + +
Bi 7: Cho 3 s dng ; ; a b c c 1 abc = .Chng minh:
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
2
bc ca ab
a b a c b c b a c a c b
+ +
+ + +

Bi 8: Cho 3 s dng ; ; x y z c 1 x y z + + = .Chng minh:
1 1 1 9 3 3
2
y x z
y z z x x y
+ + + +
+ +
+ + +

Bi 9: Chng minh:
( )
2
a b c
a b c
x y z x y z
+ +
+ +
+ +

Bi 10: Cho 0 x y z > .Chng minh:
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
x y y z z x
x y z
z x y
+ + + +
Bi 11: Cho 1; 1 a b .Chng minh:
2 2 2
log log 2 log
2
a b
a b
+
+

Bi 12: Cho ; ; 0 a b c > .Chng minh:
( ) ( )
2
3 3 3
1 1 1
a b c a b c
a b c

+ + + + + +

Bi 13: Cho ; ; a b c .Chng minh: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 2
1 1 1
2
a b b c c a + + + + +
Bi 14: Cho ; ; 0 x y z > v
3
2
x y z + + .Chng minh:
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 3
17
2
x y z
x y z
+ + + + +
Bi 15: Cho trc 2 s dng ; a b v 2 s dng ; c d thay i sao choa b c d + < + .Chng minh:

( )
2
2 2
a c
c a
c d a b c d a b
+
+ + +
. Du = xy ra khi no?
Bi 16: Cho
1 2
; ;...;
n
a a a l cc s thc tho mn
2 2 2
1 2
... 3
n
a a a + + + = .Chng minh:
1 2
... 2
2 3 1
n
a a a
n
+ + + <
+

Bi 17: Cho ; ; ; ; 0 a b c p q > .Chng minh:
3 a b c
pb qc pc qa pa qb p q
+ +
+ + + +

Bi 18: Chng minh rng vi mi ( ) 1; 2;...;
i
a i n = ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 2 2 3 1
1 1 ... 1
2
n
n
a a a a a a + + + + + +


Bi 1: Cho ABC tho mn h thc:
3 3 3 2
2( )
9
a b c a b c
br cR cr aR ar bR R
+ +
+ + =
+ + +
(1).CM ABC u
Hng dn gii
n gin ta t:
0
0
0
x br cR
y cr aR
z ar bR
= + >
= + >
= + >
(2)
vy (1)
3 3 3 2
2( )
9
a b c a b c
x y z R
+ +
+ + =
T (2) ta c:
( )( ) ax by cz ab bc ca r R + + = + + + (3)
3 3 3
4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
a b c y x z y x z
ax by cz a b c ab a b bc b c ca c a
x y z x y y z z x
+ + + + = + + + + + + + +
Theo BTCauchy,ta c:
3 3 3
4 4 4 2 2 2 2
( )( ) 2 . .2 .2 ( )
a b c
ax by cz a b c ab ab bc bc ca ca a b c
x y z
+ + + + + + + + + + +
Suy ra :
( )
3 3 3 2 2 2
( )
( )
( )
a b c a b c
x y z ab bc ca r R
+ +
+ +
+ + +
(theo 3) (4)
mt khc ta lun c (Cauchy):
2 2 2
a b c ab bc ca + + + +
nn (4):
3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
( )
( )( )
a b c a b c a b c
x y z a b c r R r R
+ + + +
+ + =
+ + + +

2
( )
3( )
a b c
r R
+ +
+
(theo BT BCS)
M
9
2 3( ) 3( )
2 2
R R
R r r R R + + =
t :
3 3 3 2
2( )
9
a b c a b c
x y z R
+ +
+ +
3 3 3 2
2( )
9
a b c a b c
br cR cr aR ar bR R
+ +
+ +
+ + +



du = xy ra khi
2 2 2 2 2 2
, ,
a b c
R r
y y z y x z
a b b c c a
x z y z y x
= =
= = =
ABC u

Bi 2 : CM: 1 cos cos cos 3sin sin sin A B C A B C + vi A, B,C nhn
Hng dn gii
Do tgA>0,tagB>0,tgC>0 v 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B B C C A
tg tg tg tg tg tg + + =
p dng BCS ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 3
A B B C C A
tg tg tg tg tg tg + + (1)
Mt khc theo BT Cauchy ta c:
2 2 2
3
3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B B C C A A B C
tg tg tg tg tg tg tg tg tg + + (2)
1
3
2 2 2 3
A B C
tg tg tg
t (1)v(2):
2 2 2 2 2 2
4
1 4 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2
A B B C C A A B C
tg tg tg tg tg tg tg tg tg + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 8 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C A B C
tg tg tg tg tg tg tg tg tg

+ + + +

2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 . . 3 . .
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
tg tg tg tg tg tg
A B C A B C
tg tg tg tg tg tg

+
+ + + + + +

1 cos cos cos 3sin sin sin A B C A B C +
Du = xy ra khi ABC u

Bi 3 : Cho a, b, c, l s o 3 cnh .chng minh rng
a c b
a
T
+
=
2 2
+ 1
2 2 2 2

+
+
+ c b a
c
b a c
b

Hng dn gii
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki cho 6 s:
( ) ( ) ( ) c b a c b a c b a c b a
c b a
c
b a c
b
a c b
a
+ + +
+ + +
2 2 ; 2 2 ; 2 2 ;
2 2
;
2 2
;
2 2

Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 . c b a c b a c b a c b a c b a T + + + + + + +
Sau dng bin i tng ng chng minh:
(a + b+ c)
2
4ab +4bc +4ca a
2
b
2
- c
2

T suy ra pcm.



Bi 4 : Cho ABC v ng trn ni tip , cc tip tuyn ca ng trn song song vi 3 cnh ca nh
v c din tch S
1
; S
2
; S
3
. Gi S l din tch ABC . Chng minh:
3
3 2 1
S
S S S + +
Hng dn gii
Gi s S
1
= S
AMN
Ta c: AMN ng dng ABC vi t s ng dng l:
ha
r ha 2
vi r l bn knh ng trn ni tip v h
a
l
ng cao k t nh A.
Ta c:
2
2
1
1
2

=
p
a
ha
r ha
S
S

(V S =
p
a
ha
r
pr aha = =
2
2
1
vi p l na chu vi)
Vy:
p
a
S
S
=1
1

Tng t:
p
b
S
S
=1
2
;
p
c
S
S
=1
3

Do : 1 3
3 2 1
=
+ +
=
+ +
p
c b a
S
S S S

p dng BT Bun ta c:
S = ( ) ( )( )
3 2 1
2 2 2
2
3 2 1
1 1 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 S S S S S S + + + + + +
1 2 3
3
S
S S S + + (pcm). Du = xy ra khi ABC u

Bi 5 : Cho ABC v 1 im Q no trong . Qua Q k ng thng song song vi AB ct AC M v ct
BC N. Qua im Q k ng thng song song vi AC ct AB F; ct BC E. Qua E k ng thng song
song vi BC ct AC P, ct AB R. K hiu S
1
= dt(QMP); S
2
= dt(QEN); S
3
= dt(QFR) v S =
dt(ABC).Chng minh:
a)
( )
2
1 2 3
S S S S = + + b)
1 2 3
1
3
S S S S + +
Hng dn gii
a) Ta c: QMP ng dng BAC (t s
MP
AC
).
Suy ra
2
1 1
S S MP MP
S AC AC
S

= =

.
Tng t
3 2
;
S S
PC AM
AC AC
S S
= =
Do :
1 2 3
1
S S S
MP PC AM AC
AC AC
S
+ +
+ +
= = =


Suy ra:
( )
2
1 2 3 1 2 3
S S S S S S S S = + + = + +
b) p dng BT Bunhiacpxki ta c:
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
1. 1. 1. 1 1 1
1
Suy ra
3
S S S S S S S
S S S S
= + + + + + +
+ +

Du = xy ra khi
1 2 3
S S S = = Q l trng tm ABC

Bi 6 : Cho a , b , c l 3 cnh ca tam gic.Chng minh:
a b c
a b c
b c a c a b a b c
+ + + +
+ + +

Hng dn gii
t
0
0
0
b c a x
c a b y
a b c z
+ = >
+ = >
+ = >

Khi ta cn chng minh:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 (1)
y z z x x y y z z x x y
x y z
yz y z zx z x xy x y xyz x y y z x z
+ + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + +

D thy ( ) (1) 2 VT xy yz zx + + (2)
Theo BT Bunhiacpxki ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
6
6
(2) 2 3 (3)
x y y z z x x y z
x y y z z x x y z
VT xyz x y z
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ +

R rng ta c
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3
3 (4)
x y x y x y xyz x y z
xy yz zx xyz x y z
xy yz zx xyz x y z
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +

T (1) (2) (3) (4) pcm. Du = xy ra khi a b c = =

Bi 7 : Cho ABC. Chng minh : a
2
b(a b) +b
2
c(b a) + c
2
a(c a) 0
( Trch thi v ch ton quc t 1983 )
Hng dn gii
Gi A; B; C l cc tip im:


t:
' '
' '
' '
AB AC x a y z
BA BC Y b z x
CA CB Z c x y
= = = +

= = => = +

= = = +

vy: a
2
b(a b) + b
2
c(b c) + c
2
a(c a) 0
<=> (y + z )
2
(z + x) (y x) + (z + x)
2
(x + y) (x y) + (x + y)
2
(y + z) (x - z) 0
< => y
3
z + z
3
x + x
3
y xyz(x+y+z) 0
<=> y
3
z + z
3
x + x
3
y xyz (x+y+z)
2 2 2
(*)
y z x
x y z
x y z
+ + + +
p dng BT Bunhiacpxki(bin dng) ta c:
( )
2
2 2 2
x y z
x y z
x y z
z x y x y z
+ +
+ + = + +
+ +

vy (*) ng ( pcm ) .
Bi 8 : Vi a; b; c l di 3 cnh ca . CMR :
4 9 16
26
a b
b c a a c b a b c
+ +
+ + +

Hng dn gii
t:
4 9 16 a b c
P
b c a a c b a b c
= + +
+ + +

Ta c:
2 2 2
2 4. 9 16
a b c
P
b c a a c b a b c
= + +
+ + +

4. 1 9 1 16 1
a b c a b c a b c
b c a a c b a b c
+ + + + + +
= + +

+ + + +

( )
4 9 16
29 a b c
b c a a c b a b c

= + + + +

+ + +

( ) ( ) ( )
4 9 16
29 b c a a c b a b c
b c a a c b a b c

= + + + + + + +

+ + +

p dng BT Bunhiacpxki, ta c:
( )
2
2 2 3 4
81 2 3 4 . . b c a a c b a b c
b c a a c b a b c

= + + = + + + + +

+ + +

( ) ( ) ( )
4 9 16
b c a a c b a b c
b c a a c b a b c

+ + + + + + +

+ + +



=> 2P 81 - 29
=> 2P 52 => P 26
Chn a = 7; b = 6; c = 5 th du ng thc xy ra.
Bi 9 : Cho elip (E):
2 2
1
16 9
x y
+ = cc im M; N chuyn ng ln lt trn, cc tia Ox; Oy sao cho MN lun
tip xc vi (E). Xc nh to ca M; N on MN c di nh nht. Tm gi tr nh nht .
Hng dn gii
C
1
: Gi M(m;O) v N(O,r) vi m; n>0 l 2 im C
2
ng trn 2 tia Ox; Oy.
ng thng MN c pt: 1 0
x y
m n
+ =
ng thng ny tx vi (E) khi v ch khi:
2 2
1 1
16 9 1
m n

+ =

Theo BT Bunhiacpxki. Ta c
2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
16 9 4 3
MN ( ) . . 49 m n m n m n
m n m n

= + = + + + =

=> MN 7
Du = xy ra <=>
2 2
4 3
: :
16 9
1 2 7; 21
0; 0
m n
m n
m n
m n
m n
+ = = =
> >

Vy vi (2 7; 0; (0; 21) M N th MN t GTNN v GTNN ca Mn l 7
C
2
: Pt tip tuyn ti im (x
0
; y
0
) thuc (E) l
0 0
. .
1
16 9
x x y y
+ =
Suy ra to ca M v N l
0
16
; 0 M
x

v
0
9
0; N
y

( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 0 0
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
16 9 16 9
4 3 49
16 9
x y
MN
x y x y

= + = + + + =

Khi
( ) ( )
2 7; 0 ; 0; 21 M N = v GTNN ca MN l 7
Bi 10 : Cho ABC. Cho p; q; r >0. CMR:
2 2 2
2 . 3
P q r
a b c s
q r r p p q
+ +
+ + +



(Trch tp ch ton hc v tui tr)
Hng dn gii
Trc ht ta chng minh bi ton sau:
Trong ABC ta c:
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) a b c s a b b c c a + + + + +
Tht vy:
(2)
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 4 3 a b c b c a c a b s + +

4( )( ) 4( )( ) 4( )( ) 4 3 p a p b p b p c p c p a s + +
3 xy yz zx s + + vi
0
0
0
x p a
y p b
z p c
= >
= >
= >

3( ) xy yz xz x y z xyz + + + +
(V theo cng thc Hrng: ( )( )( ) ( ) s p p a p b p c xyz x y z = = + +
2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 xy yz yz zx zx xy + +
BT ny ng. vy (2) c chng minh:
Mt khc theo BT Bunhiacpxki. Ta c:
2
2
( )
a b c
a b c q r r p p q
q r r p p q

+ + = + + + + +

+ + +

2 2 2
2 ( )
a b c
p q r
p r r p p q

+ + + +

+ + +

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2( )
p q r
a b c a b c
q r r p p q

+ + + + +

+ + +

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 ( ) 2( )
p q r
a b c a b c a b c
q r r p p q

+ + + + + +

+ + +

2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) a b c a b b c c a + + + +

4 3 s
Vy:
2 2 2
2 3
p q r
a b c s
q r r p p q
+ +
+ + +

Du = xy ra khi
a b c
p q r
= =
= =



Ch :
+ Qua php chng minh trn, ta c kt qu p trong ABC
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 3 a b c s a b b c c a s + + + + +
+ Ly p = q = r > 0 ta c BT quen thuc
2 2 2
4 3 a b c s + + ( thi Olympic ton quc t ln 3)
+ Ly a = b = c. ta c BT Nesbit:
3
2
p q r
q r r p p q
+ +
+ + +
(3)
Du = xy ra khi p = q = r > 0
+ Nu nhn 2 v ca (3) cho p + q + r > 0 ta c
2 2 2
2
p q r p q r
q r r p p q
+ +
+ +
+ + +

Bi 11 : Cho t din ABCD c trng tm G, bn knh mt cu ngoi tip R. CMR
( )
2
4
6
GA GB GC GD R AB AC AD BC CD DB + + + + + + + + +
( Trch tp ch Ton hc v Tui tr)
Hng dn gii
Ta c 2 b :
B 1: Nu G l trng tm ca t din ABCD th
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3
16
AB AC AD CD DB BC
GA
+ + + +
=
Chng minh:
Gi
a
G l trng tm ca BCD . Ta c:
( )
2
2 2
9 9 1
.
16 16 9
a
GA AG AB AC AD = = + +
uuur uuur uuur

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
16
3
16
AB AC AD AC AD AD AB AB AC
AB AC AD CD DB BC
+ +
=
+ + + +
=
uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur uuur

B 2: Nu O; G theo th t l tm mt cu ngoi tip v trng tm ca t din ABCD th
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
4 4
GA GB GC GD AB AC AD CD DB BC
R OG
+ + + + + + + +
= =
Chng minh:
Theo h thc Leibnitz, vi mi im M, ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 MA MB MC MD GA GB GC GD MG + + + = + + + +
T , cho M trng O, ta c


2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 OA OB OC OD GA GB GC GD OG + + + = + + + +
Suy ra:
2 2 2 2
2 2
4
GA GB GC GD
R OG
+ + +
= (1)
T b 1 suy ra
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4
GA GB GC GD AB AC AD CD DB BC + + + + + + + +
= (2)
T (1)(2) suy ra iu phi chng minh
Tr li vic gii bi ton trn
Ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
. . .
2 2
OA GA OG GA R OG
RGA OAGA OAGA
+ +
= = =
uuur uuur

T theo cc b 1 v 2, ta c

2 2 2
.
8
AB AC AD
RGA
+ +

Theo BT Cauchy v Bunhiacpxki, ta c
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
6 2 6 . 3 8 . 3 R GA RGA RGA AB AC AD AB AC AD + = + + + +
Suy ra ( ) 6 R GA AB AC AD + + +
Tng t
( )
( )
( )
6
6
6
R GB BC BD BA
R GC CD CA CB
R GD DA DB DC
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +

Suy ra ( )
2
4
6
GA GB GC GD R AB AC AD BC CD DB + + + + + + + + +
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi t din ABCD l u

B B I I T T P P : :

Bi 1 : Cho na ng trn( ) ; O R ng knh AB, M l im chuyn ng trn na ng trn.Xc nh v tr
ca M 3 MA MB + t gi tr ln nht.
Bi 2 : Cho ABC ni tip ng trn bn knh R; ; ; BC a CA b AB c = = = .Gi x;y;z ln lt l khong cch t
M thuc min trong ca ABC n cc cnh BC;CA;AB.Chng minh:
2 2 2
2
a b c
x y z
R
+ +
+ +
Bi 3 : Cho a , b , c l 3 cnh ca tam gic.Hy tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c
b c a
P
a b c
b c a
+ +
=
+ +

Bi 4 : Cho a , b , c l 3 cnh ca tam gic v
2
a b c
p
+ +
= .Chng minh:
2 2 2 2
36
35
abc
a b c p
p

+ + +



Bi 5 : im M nm trong ABC .H MA , MB , MC ln lt vung gc vi BC;CA;AB.Xc nh v tr ca M

BC CA AB
MA MB MC
+ + t gi tr nh nht.
Bi 6 : Cho t gic li ABCD.Cho ; ; ; song song ; song song M AC P BC Q AD MP AB MQ CD .
Chng minh :
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
MP MQ AB CD
+
+
. Du = xy ra khi no?

D D N NG G 1 1: : B B t t n ng g t th h c c S Sc ch hw wa ar rt tz z ( ( S Sv v c cx x ) )

Cho mt s nguyn dng 1 n v hai dy s thc
1 2
; ;...;
n
a a a v
1 2
; ;...;
n
b b b , trong 0; 0; 1,
i i
a b i n > = .
Khi ta c:
( )
2
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
...
...
...
n n
n n
a a a a a a
b b b b b b
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi
1 2
1 2
...
n
n
a a a
b b b
= = =
.

Chng minh:
BT cn chng minh tng ng vi:
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
... ... ...
n
n n
n
a a a
b b b a a a
b b b

+ + + + + + + + +

Hay
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
2
1 2
1 2
1 2
... ...
...
n
n
n
n
n
n
a a a
b b b
b b b
a a a
b b b
b b b

+ + + + + +

+ + +

p dng BT BCS cho hai dy s thc:
1 2
1 2
; ;...;
n
n
a a a
b b b
v
1 2
; ;...;
n
b b b ta c BT trn. T ta c
BT cn chng minh.
1 2
1 2
1 2
: : ... :
n
n
n
a a a
b b b
b b b
= = =


Hay
1 2
1 2
...
n
n
a a a
b b b
= = =

D D N NG G 2 2: :

Cho 4 s ; ; ; a b c d tu ta c :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
a c b d a b c d + + + + + + (1)

Chng minh:
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(1) 2 a c b d a b a b c d c d + + + + + + + + +

( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 a ac c b bd d a b a b c d c d
ac bd a b c d
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +

Bt ng thc cui cng ng theo BT Bunhiacpxki.

VN DNG 2 DNG TRN:

Bi 1:Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh: 1)
1 1 4
a b a b
+
+
2)
1 1 1 9
a b c a b c
+ +
+ +

Hng dn gii
p dng BT BCS ta c cc BT sau:
( )
2
2 2
1 1
1 1 1 1 4
a b a b a b a b
+
+ = + =
+ +

( )
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 9
a b c a b c a b c a b c
+ +
+ + = + + =
+ + + +

Bi 2 : Cho a, b, c dng . Chng minh : 1)
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
b c a
+ + + + 2)
3 3 3
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
b c a
+ + + +
Hng dn gii
1) p dng BT BCS ta c:
( )
2
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
a b c
b c a b c a
+ +
+ + = + +
+ +

2) Ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 3 3 4 4 4
a b c
a b c a b c
b c a ab bc ca ab bc ca
+ + = + + = + + .
p dng BT BCS ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
ab bc ca ab bc ca
+ +
+ +
+ +
.
Mt khc, ta bit:
2 2 2
0 a b c ab bc ca + + + + >
T ta suy ra:


( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
.
a b c
a b c
a b c a b c
ab bc ca ab bc ca
+ +
+ + + + + +

+ +

n y ta c pcm.

Bi 3 : Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 2 3 2 3 6 6 6 a b c b c a c a b a b c
+ + + +
+ + + + + +

Hng dn gii

p dng BT BCS ta c:
( )
2
2 2 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 1 2 3 36
2 3 2 3 2 3 a b c a b c a b c a b c
+ +
+ + = + + =
+ + + +

Tng t ta cng chng minh c:
1 2 3 36
2 3 b c a b c a
+ +
+ +

1 2 3 36
2 3 c a b c a b
+ +
+ +

Cng the v ba BT trn ta nhn c:
6 6 6 36 36 36
2 3 2 3 2 3 a b c a b c b c a c a b
+ + + +
+ + + + + +

T suy ra:
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3 2 3 2 3 6 6 6 a b c b c a c a b a b c
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
.

Bi 4 : Tm GTNN ca biu thc
4 9 16 a b c
P
b c a c a b a b c
= + +
+ + + ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
P
b c c a a b a b c b c a c a b
= + + + +
+ + + + + +
trong
, , a b c l di 3 cnh ca mt tam gic.
Hng dn gii
Do , , a b c l di 3 cnh ca mt tam gic nn , , b c a c a b a b c + + + l cc s thc dng.
Ta c:
1 1 1 29
4 9 16
2 2 2 2
a b c
P
b c a c a b a b c

= + + + + +

+ + +

( ) ( )
( )
( ) 2 9 16
29
2 2
a b c a b c a b c
b c a c a b a b c
+ + + + + +
= + +
+ + +

4 9 16 29
2 2
a b c
b c a c a b a b c
+ +
= + +

+ + +

p dng BT BCS ta c:

2 2 2
4 9 16 2 3 4
b c a c a b a b c b c a c a b a b c
+ + = + +
+ + + + + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 3 4
81
b c a c a b a b c a b c
+ +
=
+ + + + + + +



T suy ra:
4 9 16 81
2 2
a b c
b c a c a b a b c
+ +
+ +

+ + +

Do :

4 9 16 29 81 29
26
2 2 2 2
a b C
P
b c a c a b a b c
+ +
= + + =

+ + +

2 3 4
b c a c a b a b c
= =
+ + +

Hay
5 7 6
2 2 2 c a b
= =
Vy GTNN ca biu thc P l 26, t c khi 0
7 6 5
a b c
= = >
Bi 5 : Tm GTNN ca biu thc
1 1 1
a b c
P
b a c b a c
= + +
+ + +
trong a,b,c l cc s thc dng tha
mn 1 a b c + + =
Hng dn gii
V 1 a b c + + = nn ( ) 1 2 b a a b c b a b c + = + + + = +
Tng t ta cng chng minh c:
1 2 c b c a + + = + v 1 2 a c a b + = +
T suy ra:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
P
= + + + +
+ + + + + +

p dng BT BCS ta c:

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c
a b c
a b c b c a c a b a b c b c a c a b
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + +

( )
( )
2
1
3
a b c
ab bc ca
+ +
=
+ +

(v ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 3 a b c ab bc ca ab bc ca + + + + + + + )
Do : 1
2 2 2
a b c
P
b c c a a b
= + +
+ + +

Vy GTNN ca biu thc P l 1
Bi 6 : Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng sao cho
2 2 2
1 a b c + + =
Chng minh:
3 3 3
1
.
2 3 2 3 2 3 6
a b c
a b c b c a c a b
+ +
+ + + + + +

Hng dn gii
t P l v tri ca BT cn chng minh. Ta cn chng minh:
1
6
P
p dng BT BCS ta c:

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 3 2 3 2 3
a b c
P
a a b c b b c a c c a b
= + +
+ + + + + +



( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 3 2 3 2 3
a b c
a a b c b b c a c c a b
+ +
+ + + + + + + +

( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
5
a b c
a b c ab bc ca
+ +
=
+ + + + +

Mt khc:
2 2 2
0 a b c ab bc ca + + + + >
T suy ra:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
1
2 2
a b c
a b c
P
a b c ab bc ca
a b c
ab bc ca ab bc ca
+ +
= + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ +
= = +
+ + + +
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
6 5 6
a b c a b c
a b c
P
a b c ab bc ca a b c
+ + + +
+ +
=
+ + + + + + +

Thay
2 2 2
1 a b c + + = vo BT trn ta nhn c BT cn chng minh.

Bi 7 : Cho , , , a b c d l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:
1)
3
2
a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ + +
( BT Nesbit ) 2) 2
a b c d
b c c d d a a b
+ + +
+ + + +
( BT Nesbit )
Hng dn gii
1) t P l v tri ca BT cho. Ta cn chng minh
3
2
P
p dng BT BCS ta c:

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
P
+ +
= + +
+ + + + + + + +

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
3
1
2 2 2
a b c ab bc ca
a b c
ab bc ca ab bc ca
+ + + + +
+ +
= = +
+ + + +

( do
2 2 2
0 a b c ab bc ca + + + + > )
2) t Q l v tri ca BT cho. Ta cn chng minh 2 Q .
p dng BT BCS ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
a b c d
Q
a b c b c d c d a d a b
= + + +
+ + + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2 4
0
a b c d
a b c d ab bc cd da ac bd
a c b d
+ + +

+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
+
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
a b c d
+ + +
+ + + + + + +
.
Do BT cho ng nu ta chng minh c:
www.nguoithay.org


( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
a b c d
+ + +
+ + + + + + +

Hay ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 4 a b c d ab bc cd da ac bd + + + + + + + +
( )
2 2 2 2
2 a b c d ac bd + + + +
( ) ( )
2 2
0 a c b d + : BT ng.

Bi 8 : Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
3
2
a b c
a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +

Hng dn gii
p dng BT BCS ta c:

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
+ + = + +
+ + + + + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c
a b c b c a c a b
+ +
+ + + + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
a b c
ab a b bc b c ca c a
+ +
+ + + + +
(1)
p dng BT BCS dng thng thng ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
ab a b bc b c ca c a + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
ab bc ca a b b c c a

+ + + + + + +

Mt khc, ta c cc BT sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
3
a b c
ab bc ca
+ +
+ +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 4 a b b c c a a b c ab bc ca a b c + + + + + = + + + + + + +
T suy ra : ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
.4
3
a b c
ab a b bc b c ca c a a b c
+ +
+ + + + + + +

( )
3
2 2 2
4
3
a b c = + +
Hay ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
3
ab a b bc b c ca c a a b c a b c + + + + + + + + +
Kt hp vi (1) ta suy ra:

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
b c c a a b ab a b bc b c ca c a
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + + +

( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
2
2
3
a b c a b c
a b c a b c
+ + + +
=
+ + + +

www.nguoithay.org


Bi 9 : Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh :
25 16
8
a b c
b c c a a b
+ + >
+ + +

Hng dn gii
BT cn chng minh tng ng vi:
25 1 16 1 1 8 25 16 1 50
a b c
b c c a a b

+ + + + + > + + + =

+ + +

Hay
25 16 1 50
b c c a a b a b c
+ +
+ + + + +
(1)
K hiu P l v tri ca (1). p dng BT BCS ta c:

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
5 4 1
5 4 1 50
P
b c c a a b b c c a a b a b c
+ +
= + + =
+ + + + + + + + + +

5 4 1
b c c a a b + + +
= =
Suy ra
( ) ( ) 2
5 4 1 5
c a a b
b c b c a
+ + +
+ + +
= =
+
, hay 0 a = : tri vi gi thit 0 a >
T suy ra:
50
P
a b c
>
+ +

Do BT (1) ng v ta c BT cn chng minh.

Bi 10 : Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:
2 2 2
3
.
2
a b c
ab b bc c ca a
+ +
+ + +

Hng dn gii
K hiu P l c tri ca BT cn chng minh. p dng BT BCS ta c:

2
1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c
a b c
b c a
b c a
P
a b c a b c
b c a b c a

+ +

= + +
+ + + + + + + +

Hay
( )
2
1 1 1
x y z
P
x y z
+ +
+ + + + +
(1) vi , ,
a b c
x y z
b c a
= = =
( ch 1 xyz = ).
S dng BT Cauchy cho ba s khng m ta c:

3 3
3. . . 3. 3. xy yz zx xy yz zx xyz + + = =
Suy ra:

( )
( )
( )
2
2 6 x y z x y z xy yz zx x y z + + = + + + + + + + +
Mt khc, p dng BT BCS (dng thng thng ta c):
( ) 1 1 1 3 3 x y z x y z + + + + + + + +
Kt hp hai BT va c vi BT (1) ta nhn c:
www.nguoithay.org


( )
_ 6
3 3
x y z
P
x y z
+ +
+ + +

Hay
3
3
S
P
S
+
vi
3
3 3. 3 6 S x y z xyz = + + + + =
T suy ra BT cn chng minh ng nu ta c:
3 3
3 2
S
S
+

Hay
3 3 3
2
S
S
+ (2).
Ch : 6 S nn ta c cc bin i nh sau:

3 6 3 3 2 3 3
(2) 3 2 .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
S S S
VT
S S

= + + + = + =

T suy ra BT (2) ng v ta c BT cn chng minh

2
2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c
a bc b ca c ab
+ +
+ + +
( IMO 2001 )
Hng dn gii
K hiu P l v tri ca BT BCS ta c:
2
2 2 2
8 8 8
a b c
P
a a bc b b ca c c ab
= + +
+ + +

( )
2
2 2 2
8 8 8
a b c
+ +
+ + + + +

T suy ra BT cho ng nu ta chng minh c:

( )
2
2 2 2
1
8 8 8
a b c
+ +
+ + + + +

Hay ( )
2
2 2 2
8 8 8 a a bc b b ca c c ab a b c + + + + + + + (1)
K hiu Q l v tri ca BT (1).
p dng BT BCS ta c:

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
8 8 8 Q a a a bc b b b ca c c c ab

= + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
8 8 8 a b c a a bc b b ca c c ab

+ + + + + + +

( )( )
3 3 3
24 a b c a b c abc = + + + + +
Do BT (1) ng nu ta c: ( )
3
3 3 3
24 a b c abc a b c + + + + +
Ta bit:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3
3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 6 . a b c a b c a b c b c a c a b abc + + = + + + + + + + + +
T suy ra BT trn tng ng vi:

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
6 . a b c b c a c a b abc + + + + +
www.nguoithay.org


Hay
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 0 a b c bc b c a ca c a b ab + + + + +
BT cui cng ng v n tng ng vi BT ng:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
0 a b c b c a c a b + + pcm

Bi 12 : Chng minh bt ng thc sau ng vi mi s thc dng , , a b c :

( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
a b c
ab bc ca
b bc c c ca a a ab b a b c
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +

Hng dn gii
K hiu P l v tri ca BT BCS ta c:
p dng BT BCS ta c:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c
P
a b bc c b c ca a c a ab b
= + +
+ + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c
a b bc c b c ca a c a ab b
+ +
+ + + + +

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
3
a b c
ab a b bc b c ca c a abc
+ +
=
+ + + + +

Mt khc, p dng BT: ( ) ( )
2
3 xy yz zx x y z + + + + ta c:
3
ab bc ca
a b c
a b c
+ +
+ +
+ +

Do c BT cho ta ch cn chng minh:

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
3
a b c
a b c
ab a b bc b c ca c a abc
+ +
+ +
+ + + + +

Hay
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
3 a b c ab a b bc b c ca c a abc a b c + + + + + + + + +

( ) ( )
4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 a b c a b b c c a + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 ab a b bc b c ca c a abc a b b c c a abc a b c + + + + + + + + + + + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 4 3 3 3
a b c abc a b c a b c b c a c a b + + + + + + + + +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 a a bc a b c b b ca b c a c c ab a a b

+ + + + + + + +

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
0 a a b a c b b c b a c c a c b + + (1)
Do vai tr ca , , a b c trong BT (1) l nh nhau nn khng nhn mt tnh tng qut ta c th gi s
0 a b c > . Khi ta c:
VT (1) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
a a b a c b b c b a +
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
a b a a c b b c =

( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2
a b a b a c b c

=

www.nguoithay.org


( ) ( )
2
2 2
a b a b ab ca cb = + +
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0 a b a a c b b c ab = + +

T suy ra BT (1) ng. Do ta c BT cn chng minh.

1
a b c a b b c
b c a b c a b
+ +
+ + + +
+ +

Hng dn gii
Ta ch cn chng minh BT sau ng:

( )
2
1
a b c
a b b c
ab bc ca b c a b
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + + +

Hay
( )
2
3 2
a b c
a b b c
ab bc ca b c a b
+ +
+ +
+
+ + + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( )( )
2 2 2
3 2 a b c ab bc ca a b b c a b b c
ab bc ca a b b c
+ + + + + + + + +

+ + + +

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2 2 2
2
a b b c c a c a
ab bc ca a b b c
+ +

+ + + +
(1)
Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 a b b c a b b c a b b c + = + +

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 c a a b b c = +
T suy ra BT (1) tng ng vi:

( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )( )
2 2 2
2
2
c a a b b c c a c a
ab bc ca a b b c
+
+ + + +

Hay
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
c a a b b c c a
ab bc ca a b b c

+ + + +

( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
c a a b b c a b b c c a ab bc ca + + + +
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
0 c a b a b b c

( )
2
4 2 2 2 2
2 0 0 b a c b ac b ac + : BT ng.
T ta c BT cn chng minh.

Bi 16 : Cho : f R R
+ +
l mt hm s tha mn iu kin:
( ) ( ) ( ) f x f z f y + vi mi 0 x y z >
Chng minh BT sau ng vi mi s thc dng , , a b c :
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) 0 f a a b a c f b b c b a f c c a c b + + (1)
Hng dn gii


Khng mt tnh tng qut ta c th gi s 0 a b c > . Theo gi thit ta c:
( ) ( ) ( ) f a f c f b + (2)
D dng chng minh rng nu a b = hoc b c = th (1) ng. Do ta ch cn xt trng hp 0 a b c > > > .
Khi ta vit BT (1) di dng:
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) f a a b a c f c a c b c f b b c a b +
Hay
( ) ( ) ( ) f a f c f b
b c a b a c
+

(3) v 0, 0, 0 a c a b b c > > >
p dng BT BCS ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
f a f c f a c f a c
f a f c
b c a b b c a b b c a b a c
+ +
+ = + =
+

Kt hp BT trn vi BT (2) ta nhn c:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
f a c
f a f c f b
b c a b a c a c
+
+ =

BT (3) ng v ta c PCM.

Nhn xt:
Nu hm s : f R R
+ +
xc nh bi ( )
r
f x x = vi r l mt s thc th f tha mn tnh cht ca bi ton.
Tht vy, vi 0 x y z > ta c:
i) Nu 0 r th
r r
x y nn
r r r r
x z x y + >
ii) Nu 0 r < th
r r
z y nn
r r r r
x z z y + >
Do trong c hai trng hp ta u c: ( ) ( ) ( ) f x z f y +
Khi ta c BT:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 0
r r r
a a b a c b b c b a c c a c b + +
vi mi s thc dng , , a b c

B B I I T T P P : :

Bi 1: Cho
1 2
, ,...,
n
a a a l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:
2
1 2 1 2
1 1 1
...
...
n n
n
a a a a a a
+ + +
+ + +

Bi 2: Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh;
1)
2 2 2
2
a b c a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +
2)
3 3 3 2 2 2
2
a b c a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ +
+ + +

Bi 3: Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh :
1 1 1 1
2 2 3 3 a b b a a b
+ +
+ +



Bi 4: Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin 1 a b c + + = . Tm GTNN ca biu thc
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
P
a b c ab bc ca
= + + +
+ +

Bi 5: Cho , , , , , a b c d e f l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:
3
a b c d e f
b c c d d e e f f a a b
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +

Bi 6: Cho , a b l cc s thc dng. Chng minh :
( )
2 2
2 2
2
a b
a b
b a
+ +
Bi 7: Cho , , , , , a b c x y z l cc s thc dng. Chng minh:

2
xa yb zc x y z
xy yz zx
b c c a a b
+ +
+ + + +
+ + +

Bi 8: Cho , , a b c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh
1)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
3 2 3 2 3 2
a b c
a b c bc b c a ca c a b ab
+ +
+ + + + + + + + +

2)
( ) 3
1
a b c
a b c
a xb b xc c xa x
+ +
+ +
+ + + +
vi 2 x

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Bát-đẳng-thức-Bunhiacópxki Nguyenvantaiduc

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