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LC TRONG NN CHNH RNG-HM 1. nh ngha Lc: l mt i lng vector c ln v hng xc nh. n v o lc l Newtons (N). Tm cn: l mt im khng li s di chuyn, c th xc nh bng ton hc. vt t do, tm cn trng vi trng tm ca vt. Bt c lc no khi tc ng qua tm cn s lm vt di chuyn tnh tin theo cng mt hng. Trong khoang ming, rng khng phi l mt khi t do m c gi bi dy chng quanh rng. Tm cn ca rng trn lm sng ph thuc hnh dng rng, chiu di chn rng, s chn rng, chiu cao xng , bm dnh rng. Thng thng tm cn nm gia ca rng vi rng mt chn v vng ch vi rng nhiu chn. Moment: l mt i lng th hin tc ng gy ra s quay quanh mt im hoc mt trc ca mt vt th. N c tnh bng n v gm-mm. Nu hng ca lc n l khng i qua tm cn, moment s xut hin. Khi , lc tc ng s lm rng va di chuyn va xoay quanh tm cn ca vt. Trn lm sng, do tm cn ca rng nm su trong xng nn vic tc ng lc ln tm cn l rt kh, thc t vic tc ng lc ch gii hn ln thn rng. Do vy, khi mt lc n l tc ng ln thn rng n s khin rng di chuyn theo hng ca lc v chuyn ng xoay quanh tm cn. Ngu lc: l hai lc bng nhau v ln nhng c hng ngc chiu v song song vi nhau. Khi mt vt chu tc ng ca ngu lc, vt s khng di chuyn m quay quanh tm cn hoc trc ca vt . Ngu lc thng c s dng trong chnh nha thng qua dy cung mi nm trong mc ci.

Tm xoay: l im m vt th xoay quanh . Khi mt lc v mt ngu lc c dng trn mt vt th, tm xoay c th c xc nh v iu chnh. Tm xoay c th nm ngoi rng hoc trong rng. Khi tm xoay trng vi tm cn, rng s di chuyn tnh tin. * Tc ng qua li ca lc, moment v ngu lc trong di chuyn rng.

Tc ng gia lc, moment, ngu lc, c th c hnh dung qua phn tch v d sau. Trn hnh l tc ng ca lc ln rng ca ti im gia ca thn rng. Khong cch t im ny n tm cn l 15mm. Khi mt lc 50 gm tc ng ln thn rng, n s khin rng di chuyn v pha sau v xoay rng quanh tm cn, vi moment Mf 750 gm-mm. thc hin s di chuyn tnh tin, cn to mt moment c ln v ngc hng vi moment ban u. Mt cch thc hin iu l to mt lc 37,5 gm ln ra cn ca rng ca, im ny cch tm cn 22 mm v s to mt moment 750 gm-mm ngc hng vi moment Mf. Khi lc tc ng ln rng di chuyn tnh tin s l 12,5 gm. Do lc di chuyn tnh tin rng l 50 gm nn lc 12,5 gm l nh hn so vi mc cn thit. Do vy cn s dng lc 200 gm ln b mt rng v 150 gm theo hng ngc li.

Trn thc t, vic to mt lc i li thng phc tp v kh kim sot. Mt cch khc n gin hn l s dng dy cung ch nht trong mc ci. Khi rng di chuyn, mc ci s xoay quanh dy cung v khi hai u ca dy cung tip xc vi mc ci s to ra mt ngu lc. Vi mc ci 0,5mm, cn bng vi moment 750gm-mm do lc 50 gm gy ra, cn lc xon 1500gm. * T l moment-lc v kim sot v tr chn rng. Mt cch n gin xc nh s di chuyn ca rng l da vo t l gia moment c to ra khi lc tc dng ln thn rng (moment ca lc Mf) v moment i do ngu lc trong mc ci to ra (moment ca ngu lc Mc).

Mc/Mf = 0 0< Mc/Mf <1

Di chuyn nghing rng thun tu Nghing rng c kim sot (tm xoay di chuyn xa khi tm cn, trc ca rng thay i, chn v thn rng di chuyn cng hng. Di chuyn tnh tin rng (tm xoay di chuyn ra v cc) Di chuyn torque (tm xoay di chuyn v pha ra cn,

Mc/Mf = 1 Mc/Mf > 1

chn rng di chuyn nhiu hn thn rng) Moment ca lc c tnh bng ln ca lc nhn vi khong cch. Khong cch trung bnh t im t lc ti tm cn trung bnh t 8-10mm, cho nn Mf s gp 8-10 ln lc. Vi lc tc dng ln thn rng l 100gm cn mt moment Mc cn bng khong 800 ti 1000 gm-mm di chuyn tnh tin. Mi lin quan gia lc v ngu lc c gi l t l momnent-lc. Cch di chuyn ca rng ph thuc vo t l moment-lc. Theo khi nim , nu t l moment-lc t 1-7 s to di chuyn nghing rng c kim sot, t 8-10 rng di chuyn tnh tin v trn 10 l di chuyn torque. Do khong cch t im t lc n tm cn ph bin i tu trng hp lm sng, nn cn xc nh t l moment-lc trong tng trng hp c th. H thng lc cn bng nh lut 3 Newton ch ra khi tc ng mt lc ln mt vt s c phn lc tc ng theo hng ngc li. Mt vt s ng yn hay chuyn ng thng u khi tng cc hp lc ln vt bng 0. M rng khi nim sang moment, mt vt s cn bng khi tng cc moment lc tc ng ln vt bng 0. Khi nim cn bng l mt s thng bng. Khi mt ngu lc tc ng ln mc ci s to ra mt moment theo mt hng, lc ti u kia ca dy cung mi s to mt ngu lc vi moment theo hng ngc li, ln ca hai moment ny l bng nhau, l s cn bng. H thng kh c mt cp ngu lc trong chnh nha H thng kh c mt cp ngu lc c s dng rng ri trong chnh nha do c th xc nh r lc v ngu lc nh hng ln di chuyn rng trong qu trnh iu tr. Kh c gm hai u gn, mt u c gn vi ng v mc ci, ni m lc v ngu lc c to ra, cn mt u c gn ti im m ch c lc c to ra. Do thit k n gin, lc tc ng trong kh

c mt cp lc d dng nhn thy v rng c di chuyn theo k hoch iu tr. Li ch ca h thng kh c mt cp ngu lc l d xc nh s di chuyn ca rng, gim s ti kch hot kh c cng nh nhng nh hng di chuyn ti ch khng mong mun. L xo lm tri rng nanh L xo lm tri rng nanh l mt kh c mt cp ngu lc c thit k nh hnh v. Mt u ca kh c c gi vo trong ng band rng hm v c b ko rng nanh mc lch xung di. Khi lc c tc ng trn kh c, ngu lc trn ng band rng hm s lm rng hm nghing v pha gn. Kch hot kh c s lm tri rng nanh v ln rng hm.

nh hng ca lc lm tri rng nanh s lm nghing thn rng nanh v pha li, chn rng v pha m khi rng nanh tri. iu ny do lc tc ng v pha m so vi tm cn ca rng nanh. S dng l xo lm tri rng nanh c hiu qu trong trng cn h pha trc vi rng nanh mc cao. Lm sng thng s dng dy 0.016x0.022 TMA (titanium molybdenum alloy) cho mc ch ny. nh hng nghing gn v ln ca rng hm c th gim thiu bng s dng cung khu ci hoc kt hp vi cc rng bn cnh thnh mt khi. 1.1. L xo di chuyn rng mc lch pha trong v cung hm

Cu to tng t kh c lm tri rng nanh, l mt l xo c thit k ko rng nm ngoi cung rng v ng v tr.

Kh c c gn hai u, mt u vo rng hm v mt u vo rng cn ko. Khi l xo c kch hot, nhn t pha mt nhai, s di chuyn ca rng nanh v pha cung rng km vi vic rng hm s xoay gn v di chuyn vo trong. C th dng cung khu ci gim s di chuyn khng mong mun ca rng hm. L xo iu chnh ng gia Tng t nh s di chuyn ca rng nanh ra pha ngoi, l xo c thit k trt cc rng trc sang tri hoc sang phi khi cn iu chnh ng gia.

L xo c lm bng dy 0.016x0.022 TMA vi mt mc nh u mc vi dy cung hm, n cng c th c buc vo rng ring bit. Khi l xo c kch hot, s khin rng hm xoay v pha gn v di trong, nh hng ny c th gim bt bng s dng cung khu ci neo chn. Lc tc dng u kia ca l xo s khin cc rng trt v pha xa.

iu chnh ng gia c nhiu phng php khc nhau, bao gm s dng chun lin hm hoc lm lch dy, tuy nhin nhng nh hng khng mong mun rt kh kim sot. Mt iu kin tin quyt iu chnh ng gia bt c bnh nhn no l s cn i ca on pha sau cho php duy tr tng quan loi I rng nanh c hai bn. Cung lm ln rng trc Cung lm ln rng trc c miu t bi Burstone vo nm 1977, l kh c mt cp lc c s dng rng ri nht. Kh c l mt dy thp 0.016x0.022 c b gi vo hai ng band ca rng hm hai bn.

Khi cung c kch hot, rng ca s b ln v nghing ra trc, rng hm s tri v nghing v pha xa.

d on chnh xc s di chuyn rng, cung lm ln khng nn gi nhiu mc ci hn rng hm, iu ny s khin kh xc nh lc v s di chuyn ca rng. Cng c th dng k thut dy on to cc nhm rng trc v sau thnh tng khi khi lm ln rng. S tri rng hm ph thuc vo lc tc dng ln rng v nh hng ca lc nhai. Trong mt s trng hp, lm tri rng hm c ch gim cn ph ln nhm rng trc. Tuy nhin, s tri rng hm lm hm di xoay xung di v ra sau, iu ny khng c ch khi bnh nhn xng loi II v khun mt di. S tri ca rng hm c gim bt bng s tng neo chn, thng dng l Headgear ko cao. Lc lm tri rng c im t pha m so vi tm cn, cho nn s c xu hng lm rng nghing v pha li, loi tr nh hng ny c th cng khu ci ni hai bn vi nhau. Lc tc ng lm ln rng ca cng lm nghing rng v pha trc.

S nghing ra trc nhiu hay t ph thuc vo im t ca lc lm ln. C th gim s nghing ny bng nhiu cch khc nhau. Nu coi cc rng trc l mt khi, th tm cn ca khi nh hnh v. Khi lc tc ng pha trc ca tm cn s lm thn rng nghing ra trc. Nu cung lm ln c buc v pha sau hn, nh hng ny s c loi bt.

Mt phng php khc gim nghing l buc cung rng ngn cc rng ca di ra trc. Bng cch gn cht nh vy, c nh hng rng hm nghing xa v rng ca nghing trc u b hn ch. Tuy nhin, ln ca ngu lc ti rng hm v ln ca moment bi lc lm ln ti rng ca khng b nh hng. Bi v thn rng hm v rng ca khng di chuyn ln nhau nhng chn rng hm s nghing gn v chn rng ca s nghing v pha li. torque c rng ca s tng ln.

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Vic chn la quyt nh buc hay khng buc cung rng nh hng n kt qu ca vic lm ln. Khng buc cung rng s lm tng di cung rng trong sut qu trnh iu tr. Trong trng hp khp cn loi II, s nghing sau ca rng hm c tc dng a cung rng v tng quan loi I. Tuy nhin, s nghing rng l kt qu ca ngu lc nn khi cn thit, cn tc ng thm lc dng li rng nu mun di xa rng hm. S dng Headgear vi lc di xa t pha chp rng so vi tm cn c dng cho mc ch ny. Nu rng hm nh khng c tht vo cung mi, n c th di xa khi rng hm nghing xa. 1.2. Cung lm tri rng trc Cung lm tri rng trc c cu to ngc vi cung lm ln rng trc. Khi c kch hot, s lm tri rng trc, ln rng hm v nghing gn thn rng hm. Lc tc dng ca cung ngc li vi cung lm ln.

Khi dng cung lm ln, h thng lc lm ln rng trc d xc nh hn khi dy khng gi trc tip vo mc ci rng ca. Mt dy cung mi n nh hoc cung on c dng duy tr mi tng quan gia cc rng trc vi nhau. Cung lm tri c tht vi dy v nh hng ca n thay

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i ph thuc v tr buc. V tr buc pha trc s khin lc lm ln pha trc tm cn ca khi, do s to mt moment lm dng ng rng. V tr buc cung ln v pha sau s khin rng t dng ng hn.

Ngc li vi cung lm ln c kh nng lm tng kch thc cung rng, cung lm tri c xu hng lm gim kch thc cung rng khi rng di chuyn. L do cho iu ny l ngu lc li rng hm khin thn rng hm nghing gn, trong khi lc pha trc khin rng trc nghing v pha li. S gim kch thc cung rng c gim bt bng cch to mt im chn pha gn ca dy cung mi ti rng hm. Vi im chn gn, rng hm nghing gn cng vi cung rng di ra trc. im chn gn cng lm gim kh nng nghing v pha li ca thn rng ca bi v dy khng c trt t do qua ng rng hm. 2. H thng kh c hai cp ngu lc trong chnh nha Khi dy cung mi c gi vo hai mc ci, hot ng ca dy s to ra mt ngu lc ti mi mc ci. Ngu lc ti mi mc ci tn ti vi s cn bng nh hai cp ngu lc nh hng ln nhau. Cho nn h thng hai ngu lc l tng i s ca hai ngu lc ring bit. Do , tc ng lc ca h thng kh c hai cp ngu lc kh hiu hn so vi h thng kh c mt cp ngu lc.

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Khi dy c gi vo mc ci rng hm, s to ra mt ngu lc ti rng hm. Khi u kia ca dy c gi vo mc ci rng ca, n cng to ra mt ngu lc thng bng vi ngu lc ca rng hm.

Nu chiu hng xoay ca ngu lc ti rng ca cng hng vi hng xoay ca mc ci rng hm, s lin quan ca hai cp lc thng bng rng hm v rng ca s c thm vo. Dng b dy ny gi l step bend.

Nu chiu hng xoay ca ngu lc ti rng ca ngc hng vi hng xoay ca mc ci rng hm, s lin quan ca hai cp lc thng bng rng hm v rng ca s gim i. Dng b dy ny gi l V-bend.

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hiu thm s cn bng ca h thng hai cp ngu lc, ta phn chia h thng hai cp ngu lc thnh hai ngu lc ring bit. Mi ngu lc c tc ng lc ring bit. Ngu lc ti rng hm vi gc b 45 c lc v moment ln. Ngu lc ti rng ca vi gc b 30 c lc v moment nh. Vi dng b step bend, lc gia tng c rng hm v rng ca (nh hnh v). Vi dng b V-bend, lc b gim i ti mi u nn lc tc ng cng t hn.

2.1.

Nguyn tc V-bend

Nu coi hai mc ci l hai u ca mt n by th s bin i v tr ca V-bend thay i moment ti mi u mc ci. Nguyn tc b V-bend bao gm:

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1. Nu b gia hai rng, moment ngu lc Mc hai rng l cn bng. H thng cn bng bi v lc mi u cn bng v trit tiu ln nhau. 2. Nu v tr b v pha mt rng, th rng gn hn c moment Mc v lc theo chiu ng ln hn. Lc ny c th lm ln hoc tri rng ph thuc vo hng ca V-bend. Rng cn li c c ngu lc theo hng ngc li. Bi v, rng cn li c Mc nh hn, ln ca lc nh hn v theo hng i din.

Hnh trn ch ra s cn bng moment lc ca hai h thng ngu lc vi hai V-bend. 1. Cn i V-bend vi moment cn bng v i din 2. Tng t nh 1 nhng ngc li 3. Hai moment tc ng cng hng (step bend) to mt lc cn bng cng hng. 4.Tng t nh 3 nhng ngc li 3.2. Cung Ricketts Cung Ricketts l mt v d v h thng hai cp ngu lc c s dng cho khp cn su. Tt c cc cung s dng cho khp cn su u c b pha sau to Mc ti rng hm theo chiu kim ng h.

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Ch rng tng hiu qu lm ln th Mc ti rng ca cng c b theo chiu kim ng h (xem quy tc V-bend). Nu Mc ti rng ca c b ngc chiu kim ng h th hiu qu lm ln s gim. Mt khc nu Mc ti rng ca m ln hn ti rng hm, lc lm tri s ln hn lm ln do s lm tri rng ca. Cung Ricketts thng c lm bng dy cung hm thp hnh ch nht c gi vo trong mc ci rng hm v rng ca. Dy c b vng qua rng hm nh v rng nanh trnh vng v tng s n hi ca dy. Dy cung hnh ch nht c b tng t nh cung lm ln c miu t trn. C hai cung u c b rng hm to mt lc lm ln rng ca. Tuy nhin, kt qu ca vic s dng hai cung c im khc nhau. Cung Ricketts khi s dng c gi vo trong mc ci ca rng ca. Tm cn ca nhm rng ca nm giao gia ng gia v hai rng hai. Nu lc lm ln i qua tm cn, n s lm ln rng. Nu lc i qua pha mi ca tm cn, n s c xu hng lm xoay thn rng ra ngoi, chn rng vo trong. V cung Ricketts c gi vo mc ci nn im t lc ca n nm pha mi so vi tm cn, nn n c xu hng nghing thn rng ca v pha mi, chn rng v pha li. Ngc li, cung lm ln mt cp ngu lc,

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im t lc bin i theo v tr ca im buc nn la chn nn rng c th ln hoc ln v nghing tu mc ch iu tr. S dng cung Ricketts S dng cung Ricketts trn lm sng u tin nn cung trng thi th ng khng to lc.

Mt dy thp 0.016x0.022 c b nghing sau v pha gn ng band rng hm, u kia ca dy nm pha li ca rng ca. Khi c kch hot, ngu lc ti rng hm s lm thn rng di xa. Lc cn bng s lm tri rng hm v ln rng ca.

Khi cung c gi vo trong mc ci rng ca, s to ra moment *Mc ti rng ca. Lc v hng ca moment ny kh xc nh trn lm sng. S cn bng lc vi Mc ln rng hm vn s lm ln rng ca v lm tri rng hm. Tuy nhin, s xut hin ca moment *Mc nh hn s lm gim hoc tng ln ca lc ph thuc vo hng v ln ca Mc to trn rng ca. Theo , rng ca s chu hai tc ng lc, lc lm ln Mf m kt qu

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l nghing thn rng ca ra trc. Moment ngu lc *Mc c hng ph thuc vo ngu lc to ra trn rng ca s lm tng hay gim tc ng lc trn rng ca.

Nu ta b cung Ricketts theo dng step-bend (nh hnh v), mt moment s c to ra rng ca cng hng vi moment to ra rng hm. Lc tc ng do hai moment s cng chiu,v s tng ln ca lc lm ln rng ca. Tuy nhin cch b step-bend cng s lm tng lc tri rng hm.

Nu b cung Ricketts theo hng ngc li, tng t nh cch b Vbend, s to mt moment ti rng ca ngc chiu vi moment ti rng hm.Theo lc lm ln rng ca lin quan vi moment ti rng hm s b gim do lc lin quan vi moment ca rng ca. Khi hai moment ny bng nhau th lc tc ng ln rng hm v rng ca s trit tiu nhau. Nu khi moment ti rng ca ln hn ti rng hm s c tc ng ngc li.

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Cung torque Trong mt s trng hp, sau iu tr khi torque ca rng b gim, c bit l cc rng ca s nh hng nhiu n thm m v kt qu iu tr, do vy cn iu chnh li torque hay lnh b dy th ba.

Khi gi cung torque vo hai h thng mc ci s to mt h thng hai cp ngu lc v lm xoay rng. H thng c xc nh trn lm sng vi moment ln hn. Trn hnh v, cung torque c dng lm tng torque ca rng ca, moment ti rng ca ln hn ti rng hm khin thn rng ca nghing ra trc. Lc lin quan vi hai moment cng lm tri rng ca v ln rng hm.

Trn hnh v s dng cung torque 0.016x 0.022 trn h thng mc ci 0.018 V-bend khng cn b xon c khi dng dy TMA. on pha trc trn hnh dy nm pha trn li rng ca nhng lc thc s li lm tri rng ca.