DTM - Det Nhuom - Dung Tam

Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
ca d n Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm
Trang i
MC LC
M u ...................................................................................................................1
CHNG 1 M T TM TT D N........................................................................... 7
1.1 TN D N................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 CH D N................................................................................................................ 7
1.3 V TR A L CA D N..................................................................................... 7
1.4 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N....................................................................... 10
1.4.1 Cc cng trnh chnh ca nh my.................................................................... 10
1.4.2 Cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr...................................................................... 11
1.4.2.3. H thng cp thot nc.............................................................................. 11
1.4.2.4. H thng cp in ........................................................................................ 12
1.4.3 Quy trnh sn xut ca nh my........................................................................ 12
1.4.4 Danh mc thit b.............................................................................................. 15
1.4.5 Nguyn vt liu cho nh my............................................................................ 15
1.4.6 Tin thc hin d n .................................................................................... 18
1.4.7 Tng mc u t............................................................................................... 18
1.4.8 T chc sn xut ............................................................................................... 19
CHNG 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI............ 20
2.1 IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG........................................................... 20
2.1.1 iu kin v t nhin........................................................................................ 20
2.1.2 Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin................................................ 22
2.2 C IM KINH T X HI X M HNH BC............................................. 26
2.2.1 Sn xut nng nghip........................................................................................ 26
2.2.2 Chn nui .......................................................................................................... 26
2.2.3 V gio dc ....................................................................................................... 26
2.2.4 V y t ............................................................................................................... 26
2.2.5 Cng tc VHTT-TDTT..................................................................................... 27
2.3 C S H TNG KCN XUYN ......................................................................... 27
CHNG 3 NH GI TC NG MI TRNG.................................................. 29
3.1 NH GI TC NG........................................................................................... 29
3.1.1 Cc tc ng trong giai on xy dng............................................................. 30
3.1.1.1. Tc ng do bi............................................................................................ 31
3.1.1.2. Tc ng do kh thi..................................................................................... 32
3.1.1.3. Tc ng do ting n v rung....................................................................... 33
3.1.1.4. Tc ng do nc thi.................................................................................. 34
Trang ii
3.1.1.5. Tc ng do rc thi .................................................................................... 35
3.1.1.6. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi ...................................................... 36
3.1.2 Cc tc ng trong giai on vn hnh............................................................. 36
3.1.3 Cc ri ro v s c c th xy ra....................................................................... 45
3.2 NHN XT V CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI................. 47
CHNG 4 BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG
PH S C MI TRNG................................................................................................... 48
4.1 I VI CC TC NG XU ............................................................................ 48
4.1.1 Bin php gim thiu tc ng giai on xy dng.......................................... 48
4.1.2 Bin php gim thiu giai on vn hnh......................................................... 52
4.2 I VI S C MI TRNG............................................................................. 62
4.2.1 Gim thiu s c trong giai on xy dng...................................................... 62
4.2.2 Gim thiu s c trong giai on vn hnh ...................................................... 64
CHNG 5 CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG............... 69
5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG................................................... 69
5.1.1 C cu t chc thc hin................................................................................... 69
5.1.2 Qun l mi trng........................................................................................... 70
5.1.3 H thng bo co .............................................................................................. 70
5.1.4 Chng trnh qun l mi trng ..................................................................... 70
5.1.5 Kinh ph thc hin cc cng trnh x l mi trng......................................... 73
5.2. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG.................................................. 74
5.2.1 Gim st cht thi.............................................................................................. 74
5.2.2 D tr kinh ph gim st, quan trc mi trng................................................ 74
CHNG 6 THAM VN KIN CNG NG......................................................... 78
KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT.............................................................................. 79
1. KT LUN................................................................................................................ 79
2. KIN NGH ............................................................................................................... 79
3. CAM KT.................................................................................................................. 80

Trang iii
DANH SCH CC CH VIT TT

BTCT : B tng ct thp
BQL : Ban qun l
BVMT : Bo v mi trng
TM : nh gi tc ng mi trng
DATXDCT : D n u t xy dng cng trnh
KTXH : Kinh t x hi
KCN : Khu cng nghip
PCCC : Phng chy cha chy
TCVN : Tiu chun Vit Nam
TNMT : Ti nguyn Mi trng
UBND : y ban nhn dn
WHO : T chc y t Th gii
Trang iv
DANH SCH CC BNG

Bng 1-1 : Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng ca nh my
Bng 1-2 : Khi lng sn phm ca nh my
Bng 1-3 : Danh mc cc thit b c di di xung khu Xuyn
Bng 1-4 : Danh mc cc thit b u t mi
Bng 1-5 : Nhu cu nguyn vt liu chnh cho nm sn xut n nh
Bng 1-6 : Ha cht nu, ty trng vi
Bng 1-7. : Ha cht s dng nhum vi
Bng 2-1 : Nhit cc thng nm 2007 - 2008 ca tnh Long An
Bng 2-2 : Lng ma cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An
Bng 2-3 : m khng kh cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An
Bng 2-4 : S gi nng cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An
Bng 2-5 : Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm
Bng 2-6 : Kt qu cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n
Bng 3-1 : i tng, quy m b tc ng
Bng 3-2 : Khi lng xy lp chnh d kin ca d n
Bng 3-3 : H s pht thi bi
Bng 3-4 : H s pht thi nhim khng kh
Bng 3-5 : Cc mc ting n to ra bi mt s thit b
Bng 3-6 : Tnh ton s b ti lng nhim bi ti nh my
Bng 3-7 : H s nhim do t than
Bng 3-8 : Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi ni hi v ni du gia
nhit
Bng 3-9 : Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi
Bng 3-10 : n v nhit ti cc xng sn xut ca nh my
Bng 3-11 : Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi nhum
Bng 3-12 : H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi
trng (nc thi t hat ng sinh hot cha qua x l)
Bng 3-13 : Tng ti lng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh
hot (cha qua x l s b) ca d n.
Bng 3-14 : Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot trong ca
d n
Bng 3-15 : Thnh phn, tnh cht nc ma chy trn
Bng 3-16 : Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi
Trang v
Bng 3-17 : tin cy ca cc phng php TM.
Bng 4-1 : Tiu chun cc yu t vi kh hu trong mi trng lao ng
Bng 4-2 : Thnh phn, m cht thi nguy hi v khi lng
Bng 5-1 : T chc thc hin
Bng 5-2 : H thng bo co mi trng
Bng 5-3 : Gim st mi trng khng kh giai on vn hnh
Bng 5-4 : Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh xung quanh
Bng 5-5 : Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh trong mi
trng lao ng
Bng 5-6 : Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh ti ngun
Bng 5-7 : Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng nc thi.

Trang vi
DANH SCH CC HNH

Hnh 1-1 : S v tr nh my dt nhum Dng Tm
Hnh 1.2 : S v tr nh my dt nhum Dng Tm trong khu cng
nghip Xuyn
Hnh 1-3 : S dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut dt nhum
Hnh 1-4 : Quy trnh cng ngh s lc sn phm
Hnh 1-5 : Quy trnh cng ngh s lc gia cng
Hnh 2-1 : V tr ly mu mi trng nn
Hnh 4-1 : S cng ngh h thng x l kh thi nh my dt nhum
Hnh 4-2 : S cng ngh h thng x l nc thi sn xut v sinh hot
nh my dt nhum
Hnh 4-2 : B t hoi 3 ngn.
Hnh 5-1 : S v tr gim st mi trng

Trang 1
M U
1. XUT X CA D N
Ngnh cng nghip sn xut dt nhum l mt trong cc ngnh cng nghip
c b dy truyn thng nc ta. Trong thi k pht trin hin nay, ngnh ny
cng chim c mt v tr quan trng trong nn kinh t quc dn, ng gp
ng k cho ngn sch ca Nh nc v l ngun gii quyt cng n vic lm
cho kh nhiu lao ng. Ngoi nhng li ch tch cc trong s pht trin kinh
t x hi, ngnh cng nghip dt vi nc thi t khu nhum hon tt vi
ca mnh v ang l mt ngun gy ra nhim mi trng kh mnh.
Cn c theo Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 9 thng 8 nm 2006 ca
Chnh ph v hng dn chi tit mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng v
Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006
ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca
Lut Bo v mi trng, d n nh my dt nhum thuc nhm phi lp bo
co nh gi tc ng mi trng (TM) v trnh Ban Qun l cc khu cng
nghip Long An thm nh v ph duyt.
Bo co TM c thc hin nhm cung cp y c s khoa hc Ch
u t xem xt v nh gi tnh kh thi ca d n v mt mi trng khi la
chn phng n trong giai on thc hin d n, v thc hin cc bin php
gim thiu, gim st v qun l mi trng trong giai on vn hnh d n.
Bo co ny cng s l c s cho Ban qun l cc khu cng nghip tnh Long
An thanh kim tra v gim st nh k trong giai on vn hnh nh my.
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN NH
GI TC NG MI TRNG
Cc vn bn php l
Nghin cu TM ny da trn cc vn bn php l sau:
+ Lut bo v mi trng do Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha
Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005;
+ Lut Ti nguyn nc 20/05/1998 v c ch tch nc k lnh cng b
ngy 01/06/1998;
+ Lut Phng chy cha chy s 27/2001/QH10 c Quc hi thng qua
ngy 29/06/2001;
+ Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc hi kho XI,
k hp th 4;
Trang 2
+ Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 c Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch
ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy ngy 26/11/2003;
+ Lut doanh nghip c Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha
Vit Nam kho XI, k hp th 8 thng qua ngy 29/11/2005 v c hiu lc
t 01/07/2006;
+ Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic
quy nh cp php thm d, khai thc s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc
thi vo ngun nc;
+ Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh ph v Ph Bo
v Mi trng;
+ Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v hng
dn chi tit mt s iu ca Lut Bo v Mi trng;
+ Ngh nh s 81/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v x pht
vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc Bo v Mi trng;
+ Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 do Chnh ph ban hnh sa
i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13 thng
06 nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi;
+ Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/04/2007 ca Chnh ph v Qun l
cht thi rn;
+ Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28/05/2007 ca Chnh ph v Thot
nc th v Khu cng nghip;
+ Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca
Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca
Lut Bo v mi trng;
+ Ngh nh s 29/2008/N-CP ngy 14/03/2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh v
khu cng nghip, khu ch xut v Khu kinh t;
+ Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q - BYT ngy 10/10/2002 ca B Y t v vic
ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v
sinh lao ng;
+ Quyt nh s 35/2002/Q-BKHCNMT ngy 25/06/2002 ca B Trng
B khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng v vic cng b Danh mc Tiu
chun v mi trng bt buc;
+ Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn
v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi
trng;
Trang 3
+ Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn
v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc cht thi nguy hi;
+ Quyt nh s 04/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/07/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn
v Mi Trng v ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng;
+ Quyt nh s 16/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn
v Mi Trng v ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng;
+ Quyt nh s 43/1998/Q-TTg ngy 23/02/1998 ca Th tng Chnh ph
v vic thnh lp Ban Qun l cc KCN Long An;
+ Quyt nh s 02/2009/Q-UBND ngy 9 thng 1 nm 2009 ca U Ban
Nhn Dn tnh Long An v vic Ban hnh cc th tc hnh chnh trn lnh
vc qun l nh nc i vi Khu cng nghip trn a bn tnh Long An
+ Quyt nh s 23/2009/Q-UBND ngy 01/6/2009 ca UBND tnh Long
An v vic sa i, b sung Quyt nh s 48/2008/Q-UBND ngy 31
thng 10 nm 2008 ca U Ban Nhn Dn tnh Long An v vic quy nh
chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca Ban Qun L Cc
Khu Cng Nghip Long An;
+ Thng t 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v vic hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s,
ng k cp php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi;
+ Thng t 07/2007/TT-BTNMT ngy 03/07/2007 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v vic hng dn phn loi v quyt nh danh mc c s gy
nhim mi trng cn phi x l;
+ Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti Nguyn v
Mi Trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc
ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng;
+ Thng t 08/2009/TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban
hnh ngy 15/7/2009 Quy nh qun l v bo v mi trng khu kinh t,
khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip
+ Tiu chun Nh nc v mi trng do B khoa hc Cng ngh & Mi
trng, B Ti nguyn & Mi trng ban hnh nm 1995,2000, 2001 v
2005;
Cc tiu chun mi trng p dng
+ TCVN 5937-2005: Cht lng khng kh - Tiu chun cht lng khng
kh xung quanh;
+ TCVN 5938-2005: Cht lng khng kh Nng ti a cho php ca
mt s cht c hi c trong khng kh xung quanh;
Trang 4
+ TCVN 5939-2005: Cht lng khng kh- Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip
i vi bi v cc cht v c;
+ TCVN 5940-2005: Cht lng khng kh- Tiu chun kh thi cng nghip
i cc cht hu c;
+ TCVN 6962-2001: Rung ng v chn ng. Rung ng do cc hot ng
xy dng v sn xut cng nghip.
+ TCVN 5949-1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c - Mc
n ti a cho php;
+ TCVN 5945-2005: Tiu chun nc thi cng nghip - Gii hn nhim
cho php.
+ QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v gii hn cho
php ca kim loi nng trong t;
+ QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc
mt;
+ QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc
ngm;
+ QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh
hot.
+ Tiu chun v sinh nc sch ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
09/2005/Q-BYT ngy 11/03/2005 ca B trng B Y t.;
+ Tiu chun v sinh nc n ung ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
1329/Q - BYT ngy 18/4/2002 ca B trng B Y t.
+ TCVN 5308 - 1991: Qui phm k thut an ton trong XD
Ti liu k thut
Nghin cu TM ny da trn cc ti liu k thut sau:
o Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho:
+ Bo co kinh t x hi nm 2008 ca huyn Bn Lc tnh Long An;
+ Bo co ti nghin cu cng ngh x l mt s cht thi rn cng
nghip in hnh 9/2000 - Khoa Mi Trng, trng i hc Bch
Khoa Tp.HCM;
+ nhim khng kh v x l kh thi, tp 1, NXB Khoa hc k thut,
GS TS Trn Ngc Chn - 2000;
Trang 5
+ X l nc thi, Hong Hu - 2002;
+ Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and Land Pollution, WHO -
1993;
+ Air Pollution control engineering, Noel de Nevers, second edition,
McGraw-Hill, Inc - 1995;
+ Standard of methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 15th
edition - 1981.
o Ngun ti liu, d liu do ch d n t lp:
+ D n u t xy dng cng trnh nh my dt nhum - Cng ty c
phn t vn v xy dng Long Chu 01/2009;
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM
Nghin cu nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n da trn cc k thut
di y:
- Thc a
Kho st thc a thu thp mu mi trng, cc s liu, quan st hin trng
mi trng t nhin, kinh t x hi.
- Phng php phng th nghim
Phn tch cht lng cc mu mi trng thu thp lm c s nh gi hin
trng mi trng.
- So snh
Da vo kt qu kho st, o c ti hin trng, kt qu phn tch trong
phng th nghim v kt qu tnh ton theo l thuyt so snh vi tiu chun
Vit Nam nhm xc nh cht lng mi trng ti khu vc xy dng d n.
- Thng k v phn tch h thng
S dng phng php thng k trong cng tc thu thp v x l cc s liu
quan trc v iu kin t nhin v kinh t x hi.
- Phng php k tha v tng hp ti liu
S dng cc ti liu chuyn ngnh lin quan v c tnh cht tng t nh d
n a vo bo co.
- Phng php bn
Dng cc bn xc nh v tr d n, phm vi v mc nh hng
- nh gi nhanh
Phng php nh gi nhanh (Rapid Assessment) do t chc Y t Th gii
Trang 6
(WHO) xut, c p dng cho cc trng hp sau:
+ nh gi ti lng nhim trong kh thi v nc thi ca nh my;
+ nh gi hiu qu cc bin php phng chng nhim.
4. T CHC THC HIN TM
C quan ch d n: Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng Tm
Gim c: ng Phm Tin Dng
C quan t vn (ch tr thc hin TM): Cng ty c phn t vn v xy
dng Long Chu
Gim c: ng Trn Vn Giu
a ch: 73/17 L nh Cn, P. Tn To, Q. Bnh Tn, TP HCM
in thoi: (08) 38800234
Vi s tham gia ca: Phn vin Vin nghin cu Khoa hc k thut Bo h
lao ng thc hin quan trc mi trng nn ti khu vc d n.
Thnh vin trc tip tham gia thc hin bo co TM:
- Phm L Du Thc s mi trng, ch nhim n.
- Vng c Hi Thc s mi trng.
- Trung Kin Thc s mi trng.
- Nguyn Th Thanh Hng Thc s mi trng.
- Phm Tin Dng - Gim c Cng ty TNHH TMDV SX Dng Tm
- V cc chuyn gia ca Phn vin Vin nghin cu Khoa hc k thut
Bo h lao ng.
Trang 7
CHNG 1 M T TM TT D N
1.1 TN D N
D n u t xy dng nh my dt nhum Dng Tm - cng sut
6.000.000m/nm.
Tng mc u t: 30 t ng (theo D n u t xy dng cng trnh -
01/2009).
1.2 CH D N
C quan ch d n: Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng Tm
Gim c: ng Phm Tin Dng
a ch lin h: L HA8, Khu Cng Nghip Xuyn , x M Hnh
Bc, c Ha, Long An
S in thoi: 0913 903959
1.3 V TR A L CA D N
Nh my dt nhum nm ti l HA8 trong khu Khu cng nghip Xuyn , x
M Hnh Bc, huyn c Ha, tnh Long An. Khu cng nghip Xuyn c
v tr nh sau:
- Pha ng gip knh Ranh Long An-Tp.HCM (x Nh Xun, huyn Hc
Mn)
- Pha Ty gip vi khu t dn thuc x M Hnh Bc - huyn c Ha.
- Pha Nam gip Tnh L 9 x M Hnh Nam - huyn c Ha
- Pha Bc gip ranh Long An Tp.HCM (huyn C Chi)
V tr khu t c lin h trong vng nh sau:
- Cch th x Tn An khong 45km theo tnh l 830.
- Cch th trn c Ha khong 12km theo tnh l 9.
- Cch quc l 22 (ng Xuyn khong 7km).
- Cch trung tm Tp.HCm khong 25km theo ng tnh l 9.
- Cch sn bay Tn Sn Nht khong 18km.
- Cch Tn Cng khong 25km, cch Cng Tp.HCM khong 28km.
V tr nh my c th hin trong Hnh 1.1:
Trang 8

Hnh 1.1. S v tr nh my dt nhum Dng Tm
V tr nh my nm trong khu cng nghip Xuyn c ta 10
0
5233 v
Bc v 106
0
3145 kinh ng c cc mt tip gip nh sau:
- Pha Bc: gip ng ni b trong KCN (ng s 7).
- Pha Nam: gip khu t trng ca KCN
- Pha ng: gip ng ni b trong KCN (ng s 5).
- Pha Ty: gip khu t trng ca KCN
Trang 9
Hnh 1.2. S v tr nh my dt nhum Dng Tm trong khu cng nghip Xuyn
Trang 10
1.4 NI DUNG CH YU CA D N
1.4.1 Cc cng trnh chnh ca nh my
Nh my dt nhum nm trong khu Cng nghip Xuyn , bao gm cng
trnh chnh vi tng din tch 6.000 m
2
, trong :
Bng 1.1. Cc hng mc cng trnh xy dng ca nh my
STT Hng mc cng trnh Din tch (m
2
) T l (%)
1 Nh xng sn xut 2.190 36,50
2 Khu ph tr v thnh phm 462 7,70
3 Nh vn phng 280 4,67
4 Nh lm vic 1.152 19,20
5 Trm x l nc thi 70 1,17
6 Trm bin th 18 0,30
7 Nh bo v 24 0,40
8 B nc v i nc 28 0,47
9 H c cnh, ct c 7,5 0,12
10 Din tch cn li ng giao thng 1.129 18,82
11 Cy xanh 640 10,67
TNG CNG 6.000 100
a. Khu nh xng sn xut:
Phn xng sn xut c xy dng c kt cu nh sau:
- Mng b tng ct thp
- Ct thp hnh L=15000
- Mi tn trng km dy 0.5ly
- X g thp
- Tng gch qut vi, ca s st, knh lt
- Nn btng lt 40x60 M50 dy 150 trn l b tng 10x20 M200, dy
50 xoa mt, k joint vung 2000x2000, trn cng l lp haddenner.
b. Nh iu hnh, lm vic:
C kt cu cng trnh nh sau:
- Mng ct btng ct thp
- Mi lp tn
- Trn nha
Trang 11
- Tng gch sn nc
- Nn lt gch ceramic
- Ca knh khung nhm
c. Nh kho:
- Mng btng ct thp
- Ct thp hnh L=15.000
- Mi tn trng km dy 0,5ly
- X g thp
- Tng gch qut vi, ca s st, knh lt
- Nn btng lt 40x60 M50 dy 150 trn l betng 10x20 M200, dy
50 xoa mt, k joint vung 2000x2000, trn cng l lp haddenner.
d. Tng ro, cng chnh:
- Cng lm bng st
- Tng ro xy gch, ct btng, trn tro km gai
e. Nh bo v:
- Mng btng.
- Mi tn trng km dy 0.5ly, trn nha.
- X g thp
- Tng gch.
- Nn gch ceramic.
f. Sn bi, ng giao thng:
Sn bi nn btng lt 40x60 M50 dy 150 trn l btng 10x20 M200
dy 50 xoa mt, k joint vung 2.000 x 2.000.
1.4.2 Cc hng mc cng trnh ph tr
1.4.2.3. H thng cp thot nc
- Ngun nc c ly t h thng cp nc ca KCN Xuyn c cng
sut 5.000 m
3
/ngy.m. Tng nhu cu s dng nc ca d n vo nm
sn xut n nh l 300 m
3
/ngy.m, bao gm:
Trang 12
+ Nc phc v sn xut: khong 290 m
3
/ngy.m. Ngun nc thi pht
sinh trong cng ngh dt nhum l t cc cng on h si, gi h, nu,
ty, nhum v hon tt, trong lng nc thi ch yu do qu trnh git
sau mi cng on. Nhu cu s dng nc trong nh my dt nhum rt ln
v thay i theo cc mt hng khc nhau. Nhu cu s dng nc cho 1 mt
vi nm trong phm vi t 12 n 65 lt v thi ra t 10 n 40 lt, s phn
phi nc trong nh my dt nhum theo cc cng on nh sau:
Sn xut hi: 5,3%
Nc lm lnh thit b: 6,4%
Nc lm mt v x l bi trong x nghip si, dt: 7,8%
Nc cho cc qu trnh chnh trong x nghip dt nhum:
72,3%
Nc v sinh: 7,6%
Nc cho vic chng chy v cc vn khc: 0,6%
+ Nc phc v sinh hot: 55 ngi x 60lt/ngi/ngy = 3,3 m
3
/ngy
+ Nhu cu khc (ti cy, PCCC, .): khong 6,7 m
3
/ngy
- Nc thi sinh hot c x l bng b t hoi ba ngn, sau cng vi
nc thi sn xut ca doanh nghip c x l bng h thng x l nc
thi cc b ca nh my m bo cht lng nc thi u ra t tiu chun
thi TCVN 5945:2005, gii hn C trc khi u ni vo h thng thu gom
nc thi tp trung ca KCN Xuyn . Nc thi t cc thng thu gom
nc thi tp trung ny s c x ti h thng x l nc thi tp trung
ca KCN Xuyn t TCVN 5945, gii hn A trc khi thi vo ngn tip
nhn
- Nc ma trn mi c thu gom qua cc mng thu nc ma, thng qua
cc ng thot ng, ton b nc ma trn mi c a xung trt, i
ngm di t n cc h ga thu nc ma xung quanh nh my v c
dn ra cng thu gom nc ma chung ca khu cng nghip Xuyn .
1.4.2.4. H thng cp in
Do s gi hot ng ca D n khng u trong nm nn cng sut cp in
c tnh trn tng cng sut thit b. Nhu cu v in vi cng sut s dng
cc i l 1.600KVA.
1.4.3 Quy trnh sn xut v sn phm ca nh my
1.4.3.1. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut
Thng thng cng ngh dt nhum gm cc qu trnh c bn sau: dt vi,
x l (nu ty), nhum v hon thin vi. Bao gm cc cng on sau:
Trang 13
Dt vi: an xen hai hay nhiu h thng si vi vi nhau to thnh cc
tm vi mc th.
Gi h : Tch cc thnh phn ca h bm trn vi mc bng cc phng
php enjym (1% enjym, mui v cc cht gim) hoc axt (dung dch axit
sunfuric 0,5%). Vi sau khi gi h c git bng nc, x phng, xt,
cht ngm ri a sang nu ty.
Nu vi: Loi tr phn h cn li v cc tp cht thin nhin ca x si
nh du m, sp Sau khi nu vi c mao dn v kh nng thm t
cao, hp th ho cht, thuc nhum cao hn, vi mm mi v p hn.
Vi c nu trong dung dch kim v cc cht ty git p sut cao (2
3 at) v nhit cao (120 130C). Sau vi c git nhiu ln.
Ty trng: Mc ch ty mu t nhin ca vi, lm sch cc vt bn v
loi tr phn h cn li v cc tp cht thin nhin ca x si nh du
m, sp..., lm cho vi c trng ng yu cu cht lng. Cc cht ty
thng dng l Natri Clorit, Natrihypoclorit, hoc hydro peroxyte cng
vi cc cht ph tr. Trong i vi vi bng c th dng cc loi cht
ty hydro peroxyte, Natriclorit hay Natrihypoclorit c tc dng ty tt.
Git: s dng axit sunfuric, hydro peroxyt v cc cht ty git nhm mc
ch lm sch cc vt bn v loi tr cc ha cht cn st li trn vi.
Lm bng vi: Mc ch lm cho si cotton trng n, lm tng kch
thc cc mao qun gia cc mch phn t lm cho x si tr nn xp
hn, d thm nc, si bng hn, tng kh nng bt mu thuc nhum.
Lm bng vi bng thng bng dung dch kim NaOH c nng t
280 300 mg/l, nhit thp t 10 20C. sau vi c git nhiu
ln. i vi vi nhn to khng cn lm bng.
Nhum:
+ p thuc nhum: Vi c chuyn sang cng on p thuc nhum
nh my ngm p thuc nhum v qua cc bung sy gia nhit.
+ Gn thuc nhum: Tip tc cho vi qua my chng, git v sy kh
gn thuc nhum vo x.
Hon tt, nh hnh: Kt thc cng on gn nhum v sau khi git, vi
c chuyn sang khu nh hnh x l gim thp co trc khi s
dng.
Trang 14

Hnh 1.3. S dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut dt nhum
Giu ho
NaOH
Enzym Nc thai cha ho, tinh bot b
thuy phan, NaOH
Nau
NaOH, hoa chat
Hi nc
Nc thai
X ly acid, giat
Nc thai
H
2
SO
4
, H
2
O
Chat tay giat
Tay trang
Nc thai H
2
O
2
, NaOCl, hoa chat
Giat
Nc thai
H
2
SO
4
H
2
O
2
, chat tay giat
Lam bong
Nc thai NaOH, hoa chat
Nhuom
Dch nhuom thai Dung dch nhuom
Giat
Nc thai
H
2
SO
4
H
2
O
2
, chat tay giat
Nc thai
Hi nc
Ho, hoa chat
Hoan tat,
nh hnh
San pham
Vi mc th
Dt si vi
Trang 15
1.4.3.2. Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut
Chng loi cc mt hng sn phm ca nh my:
Bng 1.2. Khi lng sn phm ca nh my
Nm th nht Nm sn xut n nh
T l tiu th % T l tiu th %
Tn sn phm
S lng
(tn)
Trong nc Xut khu
S lng
(tn)
Trong nc Xut khu
1. Vi polyester 900 30 70 1.800 30 70
2. Vi Acrylic 180 30 70
1.4.4 Danh mc thit b
Cc thit b my mc phc v cho hot ng ca Doanh nghip c lit k
trong bng sau:
Bng 1.3. Danh mc cc thit b c di di xung khu Xuyn
STT Thit b S lng Nm sn
xut
Tnh trng
thit b
Ngun gc
1 My nhum 5 2005 70-80% i Loan
2 My vt ly tm 3 2005 70-80% Vit Nam
3 My p h 1 2004 70-80% Vit Nam
4 My nh hnh 1 1999 65% i Loan
5 My lc nc 1 2005 70-80% Vit Nam

Bng 1.4. Danh mc cc thit b u t mi
STT Thit b S lng Nm sn
xut
Tnh trng
thit b
Ngun gc
1 My nhum 5 2009 Mi 100% i Loan
2 My p h 1 2009 Mi 100% Vit Nam
3 My nh hnh 1 2009 Mi 100% i Loan
4 My compact vi 1 2009 Mi 100% Vit Nam
5 My x bin 1 2009 Mi 100% Vit Nam
6 My cun cy 1 2009 Mi 100% i Loan
7 L ti nhit 1 2009 Mi 100% Vit Nam
8 My dt kim 4 2009 Mi 100% i Loan
1.4.5 Nguyn vt liu cho nh my
1.4.5.1. Khi lng nguyn liu chnh cho nh my
Nhu cu v nguyn liu chnh cho nm sn xut n nh:
Trang 16
Bng 1.5. Nhu cu nguyn vt liu chnh cho nm sn xut n nh
STT Tn nguyn liu n v S lng D kin ngun cung cp
A Nguyn liu chnh
1 Polyester R/W Fabric Kg 2.316.000 China
2 Acrylic spun yarn Kg 2.112.000 China
3 Polyester DTY kg 432.000 China
4 Du Silicone Kg 2.500 China
5 Mu phn tn Kg 2.500 China
6 Ph gia thuc nhum Kg 2.500 China
7 Thuc nhum Kg 2.500 China
B Nguyn liu ph
1 Ti nha Poly Ci 500.000 Vit Nam
2 ng vi Ci 500.000 Vit Nam
3 Thng Carton Ci 5.000 Vit Nam
a. Cc ha cht nu, ty trng vi
Cc ha cht c s dng trong qu trnh nu, ty trng vi:
- Xt (NaOH) l thnh phn ch yu ca dung dch nu vi. Trong khi nu,
NaOH lm nhim v ph hy cc tp cht ca si nh hp cht cha nit,
cc hydrocarbon, bin chng thnh nhng cht d tan trong kim.
- Natri bisunfit (NaHSO
3
) c tnh cht kh nn khi thm vo dung dch nu
s kt hp vi oxy trong ni lm hn ch qu trnh oxy ha vi.
- Natri silicat (Na2SiO
3
) trong dung dch nu lm nhim v kh g st nhm
trnh cho vi khng b vng.
- Cht hot ng b mt: thng thng, cht hot ng b mt th hin
ng thi cc tnh cht ty ra, nh ha, cht ngm, gy huyn ph.
- Ty trng bng cc cht oxy ha: hydro peroxyt (H
2
O
2
), axit axetic
(CH
3
COOH).
- Ty bng cc cht kh: Natri hydrosunfit (Na
2
S
2
O
4
).
- Ty bng phng php quang hc: thuc ty quang hc chnh l thuc
nhum nhng khng c mu.
Tn thnh phm cc ha cht nu, ty trng vi c nh my s dng:
Trang 17
Bng 1.6. Ha cht nu, ty trng vi
STT Tn ha cht Cng dng
1 VA-UR n nh xy
2 VETANOL - R Cht ty du
3 STAPAN IL Chng gy cotton
4 FIX 300 Cm mu cho phm hot tnh trc tip
5 VETADOLH Thm u mu cotton
6 VETANOL NF Git sau nhum hot tnh
7 VETANOL N Cht git ngm tin x l cotton
8 STAPAN MF0 H mm mt axit bo
9 STAPAN M240 H mm silicon
b. Cc loi thuc nhum
Cc loi phm nhum s dng bao gm:
- Phm nhum phn tn: l phm nhum khng tan trong nc nhng
trng thi phn tn, mch phn t thng nh, c th phn tn trn si,
gm nhiu h khc nhau nh anthraquinon, nitroanilamin, v.v., c dng
nhum si poliamide, polyester, actat, v.v.
- Phm nhum trc tip: dng nhum vi cotton trong mi trng kim,
thng l mui sulfonat ca cc hp cht hu c: R-SO
3
Na km bn vi
nh sng v khi git gi.
- Phm nhum acid: a s nhng hp cht sulfo cha mt hay nhiu nhm
SO
3
H v mt vi dn xut cha nhm COOH dng nhum trc tip cc
loi t si cha nhm baz nh len, t, poliamide, v.v.
- Phm nhum hot tnh: c cng thc tng qut S F T - X, trong F l
phn t mang mu, S l nhm tan trong nc (SO
3
Na, COONa), T l gc
mang phn ng (c th l nhm Clo hay vinyl), X l nhm c kh nng
phn ng, v.v.
- Ngoi ra, c mt hng vi p, bn mu v thch hp vi nhu cu,
phi dng thm cc cht tr khc nh cht thm, cht ti (nhum phn
tn), cht git, cht in ly (Na
2
SO
4
), cht iu chnh pH (CH
3
COOH,
Na
2
CO
3
, NaOH), cht h chng mc, h mm, h lng, cht chng loang
mu, v.v.
Tn thnh phm cc ha cht nhum vi c nh my s dng:
Bng 1.7. Ha cht s dng nhum vi
STT Tn ha cht Cng dng
1 SNZ. RED HF 6BN cnh sen
2 SNZ. SCARLET SHF 2G c
Trang 18
3 SNZ. G.YELLOW HF 2GR Vng cha
4 SNZ. YELLOW HF 4GL Vng chanh
5 SNZ. BR. BLUE R 150% Xanh bin
6 SNZ. N.BLUE HF 2GB Xanh en
7 SNZ. BLACK B 150% en nh xanh
8 SNZ. BLACK HF-GR 130% en nh
9 SNZ. T/Q BLUE HF-G 165% Xanh turquoise
10 SNZ. ARANGE SHF RR Cam
11 SNZ. VIOLET SHF 3B Tm
1.4.5.2. Khi lng nhin liu phc v cho nh my
Nhu cu v nhin liu chnh cho l hi, l du s dng than (khi lng 2
tn/ngy) hay than ci (khi lng 5 tn/ngy) ty theo ma.
1.4.6 Tin thc hin d n
Tin thc hin d n nh sau:
Xin cp giy php u t: thng 02/2009
D kin khi cng xy dng nh xng v cc hng mc cng trnh khc:
thng 04/2009
Hon thnh xy dng: thng 12/2009
Hon thnh, lp t thit b: thng 03/2010
Bt u i vo sn xut: thng 06/2010.
1.4.7 Tng mc u t
Tng mc u t : 29.096.000.000 , trong :
STT VN C NH Gi tr (tr.)
1 Chi ph my mc, trang thit b 12.064,5
2 Nh xng, vt kin trc 5.043,5
3 Chi ph chun b du t 1.110
4 Vn QLDA & chi ph khc 69,989
5 Chi ph my mc, trang thit b 910,9
6 Vn lu ng 10.000
Cng : 29.096
Chi ph lin quan n mi trng:
- Chi ph xy dng h thng x l nc thi: 2 t.
- Chi ph xy dng h thng x l kh thi: 0,8 t.
Trang 19
- Chi ph vn hnh h thng x l nc thi v kh thi: 10 triu/thng.
- Chi ph quan trc, gim st mi trng trong giai on vn hnh l 20
triu/nm.
1.4.8 T chc sn xut
T chc qun l v thc hin d n c thc hin bi ch u t l Cng ty
TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng Tm.
Nhu cu nhn s phc v cho d n vo nm hot ng n nh 55 ngi.
iu hnh ton b hot ng ca nh my, Cng ty s thit lp mt h thng
c cu t chc nh sau:

HI NG CNG TY
GIM C
P.G KINH DOANH P.G K THUT
PHNG HCTC
P. KINH DOANH
P. KH - TC XNG DT
NHUM
CC I
BO TR
VN TI
BO V
Trang 20
CHNG 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V
KINH T X HI
2.1 IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1 iu kin v t nhin
2.1.1.1 c im a hnh
a hnh khu vc d kin xy dng nh my tng i bng phng cao
trung bnh khong 0,6 n 1,5m v c ch thp hn, t sng rch, ch yu l
rung la v hai bn b knh tp trung khu dn c trng cy n tri: xoi, cam,
nhn, hoa mu .
Do c im a hnh kh bng phng, khng dc, t sng rch nn kh nng
xi mn l rt nh, ng thi rt thun li cho vic pht tn kh thi v nc
thi, gim thiu tc ng n mi trng khng kh v nc mt ti khu vc.
Ngun: Bo co kho st a cht cng trnh Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut Dng
Tm, thng 2 /2009.
2.1.1.2 a cht cng trnh
Trn a bn tnh Long An pht trin ch yu cc thnh to trm tch Neogen -
t:
- Cc trm tch cui kt, ct kt, st bt kt h tng Cn Th (N
2
1
ct) c
din tch phn b rng.
- Cui si kt, ct kt, bt kt, st kt h tng Nm Cn (N
2
2
nc) c din
tch phn b rng.
- Cc thnh to trm tch sng gm cui, si, sn, ct, st, kaolin h tng
C Chi (aQ
2
3
cc) phn b ch yu trn din tch cc x Lc Giang, c
Lp Thng, M Hnh Bc, Ha Khnh ng, An Ninh Ty thuc
huyn c Ha.
- Cc thnh to trm tch sng bin gm bt, st t thch cao h tng Mc
Ha (amQ
2
1
mh) phn b ch yu trn din tch cc huyn c Hu, Mc
Ha, Vnh Hng, Tn Hng.
- Cc thnh to trm tch sng gm cui, si, sn, ct, st kaolin h tng
Hu Giang (mQ
2
1
hg) phn b ch yu trn din tch cc huyn Tn
Thnh, Mc Ha, Tn Hng.
- Cc thnh to trm tch Holocen trung - thng (aQ
2
2
-3) gm cc trm
tch sng (ct, bt, st), sng - m ly (bt, st, di tch thc vt, than
bn), chng l cc trm tch thm, bi bi v tch t lng sng phn b
hu khp trn din tch cc huyn thuc tnh Long An.
Trang 21
Ngun: Bo co kho st a cht cng trnh ca Cng ty TNHH TMDV sn xut
Dng Tm, thng 2 / 2009.
2.1.1.3 iu kin kh tng thu vn
Theo Nin gim thng k tnh Long An nm 2008. Kh hu ca khu vc d n
nm trong vng nh hng kh hu chung ca tnh Long An gm hai ma
ma, nng r rt. Ma nng (ma kh) ko di t thng 12 n thng 4 nm
sau, ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng 11.
Nhit :
Nhit trung bnh nm (tnh cho c nm) : 26.3
0
C
Nhit tuyt i cao nht vo thng 5 : 28,5
0
C
Nhit tuyt i thp nht l thng 1 : 24,0
0
C.
Nhit trung bnh trong nm 2008 l 26,4
0
C thp hn so vi nm 2007. Bin
dao ng nhit gia cc thng trong nm khng ln ( 3
o
C) nhng s
chnh lch nhit gia ban ngy v ban m li tng i ln ( 10-13
o
C
vo ma kh) v ( 7-9
o
C vo ma ma). Nhit qua cc thng trong nm
2007 v 2008 o ti Trm kh tng v thy vn Tn An, tnh Long An c
trnh by trong bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1 Nhit cc thng nm 2007 - 2008 ca tnh Long An (
0
C)
Thng
Nm
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 C
nm
2007 26,0 25,6 27,6 29,4 28,6 27,4 27,4 27,4 27,8 27,7 27,8 26,0 27,4
2008 24,0 25,2 26,4 28,2 28,5 27,5 26,2 26,8 26,6 26,7 26,2 24,9 26,4
Ngun: Nin Gim Thng K Tnh Long An, 2008.
Ch ma:
Khu vc d n c hai ma r rt: ma ma thng bt u t thng 5 n cui
thng 11 v ma kh thng t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau. Lng ma
trong c nm 2008 l 1.606,5 mm. Lng ma cao nht vo thng 10 l 393,5
mm. Lng ma thp nht vo thng 3 l 23 mm.
Bng 2.2 Lng ma cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An
Thng 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Lng ma (mm) - - 23 36 127,4 176,6 197,4
Thng 08 09 10 11 12 C nm -
Lng ma (mm) 130,0 225,5 393,5 256,2 94 1.606,5 -
m khng kh:
Trang 22
m trung bnh khu vc trong nm 2008 l 87,6 %, m cao nht l 92 %,
m thp nht l 80 %. Mc chnh lch m gia cc thng khong 8
10 %. Thng c m trung bnh cao nht thng ri vo t thng n 7
thng 11 (91 92 %). Thng c m trung bnh thp nht l cc thng 4 v
thng 3 (80 82 %). m trung bnh ln nht xy ra vo cc thng cui ma
ma l 87 % - 92 %.
Bng 2.3 m khng kh cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An
Thng 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 C nm
m (%) 86,0 87,0 82,0 80,0 83,0 89,0 92,0 91,0 91,0 91,0 92,0 87,0 87,6
Ch gi:
Hng gi ch yu l hng Bc ng Bc, hng Ty Ty Nam, p lc
gi thuc phn vng IIA W
o
= 83 daN/m
2
, tc gi trung bnh nm
1.353m/s.
Bc x mt tri:
Theo s liu o c ti Trm kh tng v thy vn Tn An, tnh Long An,
tng s gi nng trong nm l 2.467,2 gi (2008). Hng ngy c n 12 - 13
gi c nng v cng chiu sng vo gia tra ma kh c th ln ti
100.000 lux. Ring ma kh chim khong 1.159 gi. Thng c s gi nng
cao nht l thng 3 (276 gi), thng c s gi nng thp nht l thng 7 (142,3
gi). S gi nng trong cc thng c trnh by chi tit trong bng 2.4.
Bng 2.4 S gi nng cc thng nm 2008 ca tnh Long An
Thng 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 C
nm
S gi
nng
(gi)
227,1 260 276,0 245,2 237,1 206,8 142,3 191,9 169,9 182,1 178,1 150,7 2.467,2
Bc x mt tri gm 3 loi c bn : bc x trc tip, bc x tn x v bc x
tng cng. Cng bc x trc tip ln nht vo thng II, III v c th t
n 0,72 - 0,79 cal/cm
2
.pht, t thng VI n thng XII c th t ti 0,42 -
0,46 cal/cm
2
.pht vo nhng gi tra.
2.1.2 Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin
Cng ty c phn t vn v xy dng Long Chu v Phn vin Vin nghin cu
Khoa hc k thut Bo h lao ng thc hin iu tra thu thp s liu vo
thng 02/2009 v iu kin KTXH, kho st thu mu v phn tch cht lng
mi trng khng kh, nc trong khu vc d n. Cc s liu di y l kt
qu thu c t cc t cng tc kho st ny. V tr ly cc mu th hin trn
hnh 2.1.
Trang 23
Hnh 2.1. V tr ly mu mi trng nn

Trang 24
2.1.2.1 Mi trng nc ngm
kho st cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc d n, on kho st tin
hnh ly 2 mu phn tch ti NN1 v NN2 l cc ging khoan v ging ng
trong khu vc d n. Phng php ly mu v phn tch cht lng nc theo
Standard Method 1995.
Bng 2.5. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm
STT Ch tiu n v NN1 NN2 QCVN
09:2008/BTNMT
1 pH - 6,50 5,8 5,5 8,5
2 Tng cht rn ha tan TDS mg/l 607 216 -
3 cng tng cng mgCaCO
3
/l 24 16 500
4 Clorua mg/l 4,6 17,4 -
5 St tng cng Fe mg/l 2,15 3 5
6 Coliform MPN/100 ml 1 3
Ngun: Phn vin Vin nghin cu KHKT BHL, 02/2009
Ghi ch: v tr ly mu NN1 - nc ngm ch khu cng nghip Xuyn ; NM2 nc ngm
ti nh my nm i din vi nh my dt nhum Dng Tm (ta 10
0
5230 v Bc v
106
0
3148 kinh ng).
Nhn xt kt qu:
- pH ca nc ngm ti KCN Xuyn trung bnh, t tiu chun.
- Hm lng st trong nc ngm dao ng ty theo tng nc, gi tr
khong 2,5mg/l cho thy b nhim st nh.
- cng ti khu vc tng i thp, c th s dng cho mc ch sinh hot
m khng gy nh hng g, tuy nhin khi s dng cho cng nghip c
bit l khi s dng ni hi cn phi x l thch hp.
- Nhn vo kt qu phn tch ta nhn thy cht lng mi trng nc ngm
rt tt t QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT v cht lng nc ngm.
2.1.2.2 Mi trng khng kh
nh gi cht lng mi trng khng kh, on kho st tin hnh
kho st, ly mu v phn tch cc thng s mi trng khng kh. C th cc
phng php ly mu v phn tch mu khng kh bao gm:
- Xc nh nng bi : Ly mu bi bng my ly mu khng kh F & J
ECONOAIR Emergency Sampling system (F & J SPECIALTY
PRODUCTS INC. - USA). Bi c xc nh theo phng php o bi
trng lng, cn phn tch Sartorius, nhy 1 x 10
-5
gr (c).
- nh lng nng cc hi, kh : Ly mu cc hi, kh bng my ly mu
khng kh F & J ECONOAIR Emergency Sampling system (F & J
Trang 25
SPECIALTY PRODUCTS INC. - USA). Cc hi, kh c thu mu theo
phng php hp th v phn tch bng phng php so mu trn my so
mu (HACH DR 2010 USA).
- o n bng my hin s MS-85 (TPS- AUSTRALIA) theo phng
php o ting n ti ch lm vic trong cc khu vc sn xut (TCVN 3150
79) v phng php o ting n mi trng (TCVN 5964-1995)..
- o nhit v m bng my o hin s HANNA HI 8564 (RUMANI).
- di thi gian ly mi mu l 20 pht.
V tr ly mu c th hin hnh 2.1, kt qu phn tch cht lng khng
kh ti cc v tr d n c trnh by trong bng sau:
Bng 2.2. Kt qu cht lng khng kh ti khu vc d n
Bi NO
2
SO
2
CO Nhit m n* V tr / ch tiu
(mg/m
3
) (mg/m
3
) (mg/m
3
) (mg/m
3
)
o
C % dBA
KK1 0,28 0,03 0,16 3,1 32,2 60-61 59-61
KK2 0,30 0,04 0,17 3,4 32,1 60-61 58-60
TCVN 5937:2005 0,3 0,2 0,35 30 - - -
TCVN 5949:1998 - - - - - - 60
Ngun: Phn vin Vin nghin cu KHKT BHL, 02/2009
Ghi ch: - Ta im ly mu: KK1 (10
0
5223 v Bc v 106
0
3145 kinh ng),
KK2 (10
0
5232 v Bc v 106
0
3147 kinh ng).
- TCVN 5949:1998: Gii hn ti a mc n cho php i vi khu vc cng cng v
dn c
Nhn xt:
- Kt qu o cht lng khng kh khu vc d n u thp hn Tiu chun
Vit Nam cht lng khng kh xung quanh (TCVN 5937:2005).
- Hm lng bi: nhn chung ch dao ng di mc cho php (<0,3
mg/m
3
. Hm lng bi cho thy trong khu cng nghip Xuyn ang tin
hnh xy dng nhiu d n vi my mc v phng tin giao thng i li
nhiu.
- Hm lng NO
2
, SO
2
, CO: hm lng cc kh nhim u nh hn nhiu
ln so vi tiu chun cho php. Hm lng NO
2
, SO
2
nh hn t 10-40 ln
so vi tiu chun. iu ny cho thy lng khi thi ca KCN cn rt t.
- Kt qu o n khu vc d n t tiu chun ting n (TCVN
5949:1998).
2.1.2.3 Hin trng h sinh thi khu vc
V tr d n nm trong khun vin KCN Xuyn c quy hoch c th
v xy dng c s h tng hon chnh. Nn khu vc xy dng d n c
Trang 26
san lp v t bng phng. V vy, h sinh thi ca khu vc ch c mt vi
loi c mi mc v mt s loi thc vt nh cn st li hoc t mc sau qu
trnh san lp mt bng.
2.2 C IM KINH T X HI X M HNH BC
2.2.1 Sn xut nng nghip
Tng din tch gieo trng nm l 1.119 ha.
Cy la thu hoch xong 800 ha, nng sut 22 t/ha, sn lng 1.760 tn.
Cy u phng thu hoch 800 ha, nng sut 30 t/ha, sn lng 2.400 tn.
Cy bp thu hoch 140 ha, nng sut 50 t/ha, sn lng 7.000 tn.
Rau mu cc loi: 40 ha, nng sut t 150 160 t/ha.
2.2.2 Chn nui
n tru b khong 6.412 con, hin nay gi c thp nn ngi chn nui b
thua l.
n heo n nh khong 6.625 con, gi c tng i m bo c li cho ngi
chn nui.
n gia cm khong 20.543 con.
2.2.3 V gio dc
Cng tc qun l v i mi phng php ging dy ca 2 nh trng tng
bc c nng cao, cng tc kim sot kt qu hc tp ca hc sinh ngy
cng cht ch, kt qu t l tt nghip: trng THCS M Hnh 100%, trng
tiu hc M Hnh Bc 100%, xy dng mi 4 phng hc mu gio.
V cng tc ph cp gi dc tiu hc ng tui v ph cp trung hc c s
lun c kim tra v duy tr thng xuyn. Qua cng tc kim tra cng
nhn x M Hnh Bc hon thnh cng tc ph cp gio dc trung hc c s
nm 2008.
2.2.4 V y t
Cng tc khm v iu tr bnh c thc hin tt. Trong nm 2008, c 8.695
lt ngi n khm cha bnh trm y t. Cc chng trnh quc gia v y t
nh tim nga 6 bnh t 98,8%; tr t 6 n 36 thng ung vitamin A t
99%; chin d5ch chm sc sc khe k hoch ha gia nh t 70%; cng tc
v sinh an ton thc phm cng c ch trng, qun l 23 h kinh doanh
qua kim tra khng c h no vi phm
Trang 27
2.2.5 Cng tc VHTT-TDTT
i truyn thanh pht thanh c 270 bui, lu ng p 85 bui, cc trm
truyn thanh p pht thanh v tip m 295 bui v ct 110 bng rn phc v
cho hi ngh, cc ngy l ln.
V vn ha vn ngh t chc hi thi vn ngh phc v hi tri giao qun nm
2008, ngoi ra cn tham gia cc phong tro vn ha vn ngh do Huyn t
chc.
i vi hot ng th dc th thao t chc 2 gii bng chuyn p, tham gia
1 gii bng huyn t chc, thu ht nhiu thanh nin tham gia.
Cng tc xy dng i sng vn ha ca x c tp trung, cht lng hot
ng ngy cng c nng ln qua cng tc kho st c huyn cng nhn
t x mnh nm 2008. Ngoi ra, UBND x phi hp vi UBMTTQ t chc
ngy hi i on kt ton dn tc 3 p t kt qu tt.
2.3 C S H TNG KCN XUYN
KCN Xuyn do Cng ty C phn Ngc Phong lm ch u t, Khu cng
nghip Xuyn thuc huyn c Ha, tnh Long An. Long An nm cn k
vi TP.HCM, c v tr a l kh c bit l tuy nm vng BSCL song li
thuc Vng pht trin kinh t trng im pha Nam, c xc nh l vng
kinh t ng lc c vai tr c bit quan trng trong chin lc pht trin kinh
t Vit Nam. Cho n nay KCN Xuyn i vo hot ng v thu ht nhiu
nh u t trong v ngoi nc. Hin trng c s h tng cho KCN ngy cng
hon thin.
- H tng k thut:
ng ni b b tng nha 2 ln xe c b tr vi khong cch gia
cc trc ng trung bnh t 200m n 400 m to thnh cc l t m
bo cho cc loi xe vn chuyn container ra vo thun li.
H thng in trung th thuc mng li quc gia dn n hng ro cc
x nghip
Nh my x l nc cp vi cng sut 12.000m
3
/ng cung cp nc
trc tip n tng doanh nghip vi gi theo quy nh ca Nh nc.
Xy dng 2 h thng thot nc thi v nc ma ring bit. Nc thi
t cc doanh nghip th cp trong KCN c thu gom v a v h
thng x l nc thi tp trung ca ton khu (vi cng sut
3.000m
3
/ng). H thng x l nc thi tp trung c thit k v xy
dng theo cng ngh Singapore m bo t gii hn A, TCVN
5945:2005 trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.
Trang 28
Trm x l nc thi giai on 2 (vi cng sut 10.000m
3
/ng) chun
b i vo hot ng.
- nh gi kh nng tip nhn t l nghnh ngh nhim nng vo KCN
Xuyn .
Theo Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca ton KCN Xuyn
c B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ph duyt. Kh nng tip nhn t l
ngnh ngh nhim nng ca ton KCN ch chim t l 20% tng cng
sut x l nc thi ca nh my. Do , kh nng tip nhn nc thi
ngnh ngh nhim nng ca KCN Xuyn tnh cho c 2 giai on
1&2 l 2.600/ng.
Nc thi ca Cng ty TNHH TMDV Sn xut Dng Tm cng nm
trong gii hn c php tip nhn nc thi ngnh ngh nhim nng
u t vo KCN Xuyn .
- Ngnh ngh thu ht u t: cng nghip ch bin thc phm, thc n gia
sc, ch to lp rp c kh, in t, cng nghip sn xut hng tiu dng,cng
nghip vt liu xy dng, cng nghip dt nhum v cng nghip giy.....
- Cc tin ch cng cng:
H thng thot nc ma ring vi thot nc thi c xy dng hon
chnh.
H thng cy xanh c b tr phn tn ton khu vc c tc dng tt
cho vic x l v sinh mi trng chng nhim (ting , bi, khi)
v to cho cnh quan ton KCN c p mt, sch s v to mi
trng lm vic thoi mi cho ngi lao ng.
Trang 29
CHNG 3 NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.1 NH GI TC NG
Bng 3.1. i tng, quy m b tc ng
STT i tng b tc
ng
Ngun gy tc ng Quy m v
Thi gian
tc ng
Lin quan
n cht
thi
A Giai on xy dng
1 Mi trng
khng kh
- Ngun gy nhim khng kh do cc
phng tin vn ti, thi cng, cng tc
o p t, cng tc vn ti, vn chuyn
nguyn vt liu gy ra. Cht gy nhim
ch yu l bi, khi c cha CO, SO
x
,
NO
x
, hydrocacbon. D n s thc hin
cc bin php gim thiu nn tc ng
c nh gi l nh, cc b v mang
tnh tm thi, s kt thc sau khi xy
dng xong.
C
2 Mi trung nc - Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy
dng s c thu gom, x l trc khi
thi ra ngun nn cht lng cc ngun
nc mt v nc ngm s c m
bo.
- Nc ma chy trn qua khu vc thi
cng s cun theo bn t, du m v
nhiu tp cht khc cng l ngun gy ra
nhim.
C
3 Mi trng t - Pht sinh rc thi xy dng v sinh hot
trong qu trnh xy dng, cht thi nguy
hi. Nu khng c thu gom v tp
trung ti ni quy nh s gy nhim t.
C
4 Mi trng kinh
t x hi
- Tp trung ca mt lng cng nhn xy
dng, dn n kh nng xy ra cc xung
t gia cng nhn lao ng v ngi
dn a phng, cc t nn x hi.
Khng
5 Nguy c chy
n, tai nn lao
ng
- Vi khi lng thi cng ln, thi gian
thi cng ko di, vn tai nn lao ng
rt d xy ra.
Tc ng
ch mang
tnh tm thi
v s kt
thc khi qu
trnh xy
dng hon
thnh .Cc
tc ng ny
cng s
gim bt khi
p dng cc
bin php
gim tiu

-
Khng
B Giai on vn hnh
1 Mi trng
khng kh
- Kh thi t qu trnh t nhin liu cho
ni hi, ni du s sn sinh ra cc kh gy
nhim nh bi, SO
2
, NO
2
, CO
- Mi hi sinh ra trong qu trnh nhum.
- Nhit cao ti cc khu vc l t.
cng nh hnh
- Cc tc ng khc nh hot ng giao
thng, my pht in,.... c th lm nh
hng n cht lng khng kh nhng
b tr v p dng cc bin php gim
thiu nn mc tc ng khng ng

Tc ng
trong sut
qu trnh
hot ng
ca d n v
c th kim
c kim
C
Trang 30
STT i tng b tc
ng
Ngun gy tc ng Quy m v
Thi gian
tc ng
Lin quan
n cht
thi
k.
2 Mi trng nc - Nc thi sn xut sinh ra trong qu
trnh nhum cha cc ha cht nhum,
cht hu c, cc cht rn l lng, cc
cht cn b, vi sinh vt v du m.
- Nc thi sinh hot ca cn b cng
nhn vin v cng nhn ca nh my c
cha cn b, cht rn l lng, cht hu
c, cht dinh dng v vi sinh vt,
C
3 Mi trng t - Pht sinh rc thi sn xut t qu trnh
dt v nhum
- Rc sinh hot t hot ng sinh hat
ca cng nhn.
- Cht thi nguy hi
C
4 S c mi
trng
- S c chy n c th xy ra ti khu vc
nh xng gy tc ng nghim trng
n con ngi v mi trng xung
quanh. Tuy nhin, nh my p dng cc
k thut, cng ngh hin i, cc qui
nh, qui trnh vn hnh cht ch v kim
tra, bo dng nghim tc, ng quy
nh, cc tc ng ny s c hn ch
n mc ti thiu.
- Trong qu trnh vn hnh, sa cha v
bo dng cng trnh, cc ti nn lao
ng c th xy ra nu cc cng nhn
vin khng chp hnh nghim chnh cc
quy nh an ton.
- S c h thng x l nc thi v kh
thi c kh nng gy nhim mi trng
xung quanh.
S c r r nguyn liu
sot bng
cc bin
php gim
thiu

Khng
3.1.1 Cc tc ng trong giai on xy dng
Thi gian thi cng v lp t thit b d kin ko di trong 6 thng, d kin s
a vo sn xut u thng 06/2010.
Trong qu trnh xy dng, ti khu vc xung quanh d n cht lng khng kh
s b nh hng do cc phng tin vn ti, thi cng, cng tc o p t,
cng tc vn ti, vn chuyn nguyn vt liu gy ra. Mt s hot ng chnh
trong giai on xy dng:
- Tp trung ng lc lng lao ng phc v thi cng
- Hot ng cc phng tin c gii thi cng, vn chuyn vt liu xy dng,
thit b c trng lng v kch thc ln
- Xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n
Trang 31
- Tai nn lao ng v s c chy n c th xy ra trn cng trng
3.1.1.1. Tc ng do bi
Trong qu trnh xy dng, cc hot ng thi cng chnh sau s pht sinh bi
nh hng n cht lng mi trng khng kh: (i) bi pht sinh t hot
ng o p xy dng cc hng mc ca d n; (ii) bi pht sinh t hot
ng vn chuyn, bc d vt liu v thit b xy dng, bi do gi cun t
ng giao thng.
Bng 3.2. Khi lng xy lp chnh d kin ca d n
STT Hng mc n v Khi lng
1 Ct m
3
250
2 t o m
3
3.000
3 t p m
3
4.500
4 dm loi I m
3
150
5 hc m
3
200
Ngun: D n TXDCT 02/2009
Theo ti liu nh gi nhanh ca WHO, h s pht thi bi nh sau:
Bng 3.3. H s pht thi bi
STT Nguyn nhn gy nhim c tnh h s pht thi
1
Bi sinh ra do qu trnh o t, san i mt bng, b gi cun
ln (bi ct)
1-100 g/m
3
2 Bi sinh ra do qu trnh bc d vt liu xy dng (t, ct,
...)
0,1-1 g/m
3
3 Xe vn chuyn ct, t lm ri vi trn mt ng pht sinh
bi
0,1-1 g/m
3
Ngun: Ti liu nh gi nhanh ca WHO, 1993
Cn c vo h s pht thi bi Bng 3.3 v khi lng xy lp chnh (bng
3.2), ta tnh c lng bi l lng bay vo khng kh trong thi gian xy
dng (3 thng) nh sau:
- Bi pht sinh t qu trnh o p trong 1 thng u xy dng:
(3.000 + 4.500)m
3
x (1100) g/m
3
/ 1 thng =

0,0029 0,29 g/s
Nng bi trung bnh trong 1 gi ng vi ton b khu vc cng trnh xy
dng rng khong 12.600m
2
v chiu cao pht thi l 5m l:
(0,0029 0,29 g/s x 1 gi)/(12.600m
2
x 5m) = 0,000174 0,0174 mg/m
3

- Bi pht sinh t cc hot ng vn chuyn v bc d vt liu:
(8.100)m
3
x (0,11) g/m
3
/ 3 thng =

0,0001 0,001g/s
Trang 32
Nng bi trung bnh trong 1 gi ng vi on ng vn chuyn khong
5km v chiu cao pht thi l 3m l:
(0,0001 0,001 g/s x 1 gi) / (5km x 12m x 3m) = 0,0021 0,021 mg/m
3
Kt qu tnh ton trn cho thy nng bi ti cng trng thp hn tiu
chun TCVN 5937-2005 (0,3mg/m
3
), do khng nh hng nhiu n sc
khe ca cng nhn lao ng v cht lng mi trng trong khu vc d n.
Tuy nhin, d n cng s p dng cc bin php gim thiu thch hp v tc
ng ny ch xy ra trong thi gian o p, vn chuyn v bc d vt liu.
3.1.1.2. Tc ng do kh thi
Hot ng ca cc phng tin my mc thi cng s pht sinh cc loi kh thi
vo mi trng khng kh nh:
- Khi hn c cha bi, CO, SO
2
, NO
x
,
- Khi thi ca cc phng tin vn ti, thi cng c gii c cha bi, CO,
hydrocacbon, SO
2
, NO
x
, .Cc phng tin thi cng ch yu l my o
3m
3
, t t 10 - 15 tn,
- Trong qu trnh xy dng, d n c th s dng my pht in d phng
nn y cng c th l ngun gy ra nhim khng kh. Cc kh nhim
nh sau: SO
2
, NO
x
, CO, bi, VOC,
H s pht thi nhim theo ti liu nh gi nhanh ca WHO nh sau:
Bng 3.4. H s pht thi nhim khng kh
STT Nguyn nhn gy nhim c tnh h s pht thi
1
Khi thi ca cc phng tin vn ti, thi cng c gii c
cha bi, CO, hydrocacbon, SO
2
, NO
x
,
(xe ti 3,5 16 tn, chy du DO c S=0,5%)
Bi: 4,3 kg/tn DO
SO
2
: 0,1 kg/tn DO
NO
x
: 55 kg/tn DO
CO: 28 kg/tn DO
VOC: 12 kg/tn DO
c tnh lng du DO tiu th trung bnh khong 0,005 tn DO/ngy, ti
lng nhim tnh ton nh sau:
- Bi: 4,3 kg/tn DO x 0,005 tn DO/ngy = 00,22 kg/ngy
- SO2: 0,1 kg/tn DO x 0,005 tn DO/ngy = 0,0005 kg/ngy
- NOx: 55 kg/tn DO x 0,005 tn DO/ngy = 0,275 kg/ngy
- CO: 28 kg/tn DO x 0,005 tn DO/ngy = 0,14 kg/ngy
- VOC: 12 kg/tn DO x 0,005 tn DO/ngy = 0,06 kg/ngy
Trang 33
Cc tc ng n cht lng khng kh do cc loi kh thi (NO
x
, SO
2
, CO) t
hot ng thi cng ch mang tnh cc b (ti khu vc c cc hot xy dng v
gn khu vc xy dng). Tt c ch xy ra trong giai on xy dng.
Nh vy, trong qu trnh xy dng, bi pht sinh trong khng kh l yu t
ng quan tm nht lm nh hng n cht lng khng kh khu vc. Do d
n nm trong Khu cng nghip Xuyn nn khng c ngi dn sinh sng,
i tng chu tc ng bi bi, kh thi t cng tc o p, san i v cc
hot ng xy dng ca d n ch yu l cng nhn xy dng. D n s thc
hin cc bin php gim thiu nn tc ng c nh gi l nh, cc b v
mang tnh tm thi, s kt thc sau khi xy dng xong.
3.1.1.3. Tc ng do ting n v rung
Trong thi gian xy dng d n, nhim ting n c th xy ra do:
- Do c th ca cng tc thi cng xy dng nh xng cn phi gia c mng
cc rt chc nn mt lng ln cc cc c p hoc ng xung. Ting n
v chn ng ca cc thit b ny kh cao (110dB).
- Cc thit b, my mc thi cng (xe i, my trn b tng, my ng mng
cc, my xc, my nn kh v.v...).
- Xe c vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v thit b.
Bng 3.5. Cc mc ting n to ra bi mt s thit b
STT Loi my Mc n im cch 15m (dBA)
1 Ci t/ xe ti 90
2 My i 93
3 My m nn 72 88
4 My trn b tng 71 85
5 My o t 72 96
6 My pht in 70 82
7 Ba nn (my ng cc) 110
T bng tham kho trn, ta c th d bo mc n t cc thit b, my mc xy
dng c th ln ti 70-96 dBA trong khong cch 15m, c bit ba nn (my
ng cc) c th ln ti 110 dBA trong khong cch 15m.
Mc tc ng c th c tnh qua cng thc:
P
1
P
2
= 20log(D
2
/D
1
)
Trong :
P
i
: Mc n ti khong cch I (dBA)
D
i
: Khong cch t ngun n n im tip nhn (m)
Trang 34
+ Mc n ln nht gy ra do ci t, xe ti v hot ng ca my i, my
xc, my m nn, ti v tr cch xa khu vc xy dng 500m c th c tnh
nh sau:
P
500
= 96 20 log(500/15) = 65,5 dBA
+ Mc n gy ra do hot ng ca ba nn v tr cch xa khu vc xy dng
500m c th c tnh nh sau:
P
500
= 110 20 log(500/15) = 79,5 dBA
Hu ht cc mc n ny u thp hn tiu chun cho php ti khu dn c (t 6
18 gi) theo TCVN 5949:1998 (75 dBA), ngoi tr hot ng ca ba nn
(79,5dBA).
V tr d n nm trong Khu cng nghip Xuyn , khu vc xung quanh ch
yu l t nng nghip vi nhiu xy xanh c kh nng ngn chn v hp thu
ting n. Nh ngi dn u cch xa cc v tr xy dng > 500m, v vy tc
ng do ting n v rung t cc thit b thi cng l nh, ng k nht l t hot
ng ca ba nn. Mc n t ba nn n khu dn c c th ln n 79,5dBA,
cao hn tiu chun cho php ti khu dn c. Do ba nn ch c s dng trong
khong thi gian ng cc lm mng cho nh my (khong 1 thng), cc thit
b ny ch lm vic ban ngy, ng thi d n s thc hin cc bin php gim
thiu nn tc ng ny c nh gi l nh, ngn hn, c th kim sot v
gim thiu c.
3.1.1.4. Tc ng do nc thi
Ngun pht sinh nc thi trong qu trnh thi cng ca d n ch yu l nc
thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng (lc cao im khong 30 ngi).
Nc thi sinh hot ca 1 ngi c tnh 85% lu lng nc cp (cc cng
nhn ch lm vic 8 gi trong ngy nn mc tiu th l 60 lt/ngi/ngy).
30 cng nhn x 85% x 60lt/ngi/ngy = 1,53 m
3
/ngy.
Thnh phn nc thi sinh hot gm nhiu cht l lng, du m, nng cht
hu c cao, cc cht cn b, cc cht hu c ha tan (thng qua cc ch tiu
BOD, COD), cc cht dinh dng (nit, pht pho) v vi sinh vt. Nc thi
sinh hot sau khi x l bng b t hoi c nh s theo h thng thot nc
thi a v trm x l nc thi tp trung ca Khu cng nghip Xuyn .
Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh xy dng khng c nuc thi pht sinh t hat ng
ra xe c gii, ch c nc ma chy trn qua khu vc thi cng s cun theo
bn t, du m v nhiu tp cht khc cng l ngun gy ra nhim.
Khu vc d n hin ti c h thng thot nc. Do , h thng tiu thot
nc v x l nc thi sinh hot s c thc hin ngay u giai on xy
dng v u ni vi h thng thot nc chung ca Khu cng nghip Xuyn
trnh vic nc thi khng c x l nh hng xu n cht lng mi
Trang 35
trng t, nc ngm, gin tip nh hng n cht lng nc mt, sc khe
con ngi trong khu vc d n.
3.1.1.5. Tc ng do rc thi
Cht thi rn pht sinh trong giai on xy dng s gy nh hng ti mi
trng t, bao gm rc thi xy dng v rc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy
dng.
Cht thi rn xy dng: bao gm
- t o h mng t c su thit k, c tnh khong 3.000 m
3
.
Lng t ny p ng k thut s dng san lp xy dng nh my.
- Cc loi nguyn vt liu xy dng ph thi, ri vi nh st, thp vn,
gch, , xi mng... Cht thi ny khng thi ra mi trng m s c
ti s dng san lp mt bng (gch, , x bn,...) hoc ti s dng,
bn ph liu (st, thp)
Nhn chung, hu ht cc cht thi xy dng pht sinh u c thu gom
ti s dng hoc bn ph liu nn tc ng ca cht thi xy dng l khng
ng k.
Cht thi nguy hi: du m thi, gi lau nhim du m, ha cht xy dng
nh sn, cht chng thm...
Du m thi t qu trnh bo dng, sa cha cc phng tin vn chuyn
v thi cng trong khu vc d n. Lng du m thi pht sinh ti khu vc
d n ph thuc vo cc yu t:
o S lng phng tin vn chuyn v thi cng trn cng trng;
o Chu k thay nht v bo dng my mc (trung bnh khong 3-6
thng thay nht 1 ln ty thuc vo cng hot ng ca phng
tin).
o Lng du nht thi ra trong mt ln (trung bnh 7 lt/ln thay)
Tuy nhin, vic thay du m ny c thc hin ti cc khu vc gara xe
chuyn dng, tuyt i khng c thay ti khu vc cng trng d n.
Cht thi rn sinh hot:
S tp trung mt lc lng lao ng vi s lng ln trong mt thi gian
di s pht sinh rc thi sinh hot vi khi lng khong 15kg/ngy (trung
bnh 0,5kg/ngi/ngy x 30 cng nhn). Thnh phn ch yu ca rc thi
sinh hot gm:
- Cc hp cht c ngun gc hu c nh rau qu, thc n d tha...
Trang 36
- Cc loi bao b, gi ng n, thc ung...
- Cc hp cht v c nh nha, plastic, thy tinh...
- Kim loi nh v hp...
Cht thi rn sinh hot s c thu gom theo h thng thu gom hin c ti
a phng, sau c a n ni x l hp v sinh nn tc ng t loi
cht thi ny c nh gi l nh.
3.1.1.6. Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi
Qu trnh xy dng d n c th nh hng n kinh t x hi khu vc do s
tp trung ca mt lng cng nhn xy dng. Cng tc xy dng cng s cn
huy ng mt s lng ln ngun lao ng ti ch v ni khc n, gp phn
gii quyt vic lm cho mt s ngi lao ng, to iu kin cho cc hot
ng kinh doanh dch v trong khu vc pht trin.
Tuy nhin, ngoi tc ng tch cc, vic tp trung lao ng xy dng d n
cn dn n mt s tc ng tiu cc v vn x hi nh: vic lu tr di
ngy ti a phng d dn n kh nng xy ra cc xung t gia cng nhn
lao ng v ngi dn a phng. y l loi mu thun x hi kh c th
trnh khi nhng c th gim thiu n mc thp nht.
3.1.2 Cc tc ng trong giai on vn hnh
3.1.2.1 Tc ng do bi
Nh nu trn dt vi v vn chuyn nguyn liu, thnh phm s sinh ra bi.
Lng bi sinh ra c kch thc khc nhau, c bit gy hi i vi sc kho
cng nhn l nhng bi c kch thc nh l lng trong khng kh, khi ht phi
chng c kh nng xm nhp vo su trong phi.
Theo phng php tnh ton nhanh ti lng nhim ca T chc y t Th gii
v trn c s nguyn liu sn xut v s dng c th c tnh ti lng nhim
bi nh sau :
Bng 3.6. Tnh ton s b ti lng nhim bi ti nh my
Ti lng bi nhim Phng php lc bi
kg/nm g/s
Trng hp khng c thit b lc bi 11.339,6 1,31
Trng hp c h thng lc bi 7.257,2 0,84
Ghi ch: Ti lng bi nhim tnh cho trng hp nh my sn xut 4.860
tn nguyn liu si/nm, thi gian lm vic 8h/ngy, mt nm lm vic 300
ngy.
So snh tiu chun v sinh lao ng theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q - BYT
ngy 10/10/2002 ca B Y t i vi bi bng cho thy rng lng bi bng
Trang 37
vi thi ra mt nm l tng i nhiu v vic qun l chng l rt kh, t
nhiu chng gy nh hng n cht lng khng kh xung quanh, ng
thi v c im bi bng vi l bay l lng nn vic nhim bi trong cc
phn xng si l iu kh c th trnh khi.
3.1.2.2 Tc ng do kh thi
a. T qu trnh t ca ni hi, ni du
cp nhit cho cc cng on sy, nhum sn phm, nh my s dng ni
hi v ni du cp nhit. Tnh ton kh thi ca cc thit b cp nhit da
vo lng nhin liu s dng ca nh my dt nhum Dng Tm nh sau:
+ S dng than : 2 tn/ngy.
+ S dng than ci: 5 tn/ngy.
c tnh ti lng nhim
Ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra trong kh thi ni hi, ni du c c
tnh trn c s h s nhim ca T chc Y t Th gii.
Bng 3.7. H s nhim do t than
STT Kh thi H s pht thi (kg/tn nhin liu)
1 Bi 3,5
2 SO2 19,5
3 NOx 17
4 CO 0,3
Kt qu tnh ton ti lng t nhin liu trong trng hp khng c h thng
khng ch nhim nh sau:
Bng 3.8. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi
Ti lng nhim (g/s) Cht nhim
Than Than ci
Bi 0,243 0,608
SO
2
1,354 3,385
NO
x
1,181 2,951
CO 0,021 0,052
Lu lng kh thi.
Nu khi t lng khng kh d l 30% v nhit kh thi l 473
0
K th lu
lng kh thi thc t sinh ra khi t chy 1 tn than l 45 m
3
. Nh vy lu
lng kh thi khi t than l 0,312 m
3
/s v t than ci l 0,78m
3
/s.
Trang 38
Nng kh thi
Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi do qu trnh t nhin liu cho ni
hi, ni du c tnh ton trn c s ti lng nhim v lu lng kh thi.
Kt qu tnh ton c ch ra nh sau:
Bng 3.9. Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi
STT Cht nhim Nng (mg/Nm
3
) TCVN 5939-2005 loi B
1 Bi 779,02 200
2 SO
2
4.340,28 500
3 NO
x
3.783,83 1.000
4 CO 66,77 1.000
Ghi ch: Tiu chun so snh TCVN 5939-2005 (Gii hn ti a cho php ca bi v cc
cht v c trong kh thi cng nghip p dng cho c s xy dng mi, vi K
P
v K
v
=1).
So snh nng cc cht nhim trong qu trnh t nhin liu phc v ni
hi, ni du vi TCVN 5939 2005 cho thy nng SO
2
trong kh thi vt
tiu chun cho php khong 8,6 ln, nng NO
2
trong kh thi vt tiu
chun cho php khong 3,78 ln, bi vt tiu chun cho php khong 3,89
ln, nng CO nm trong gii hn cho php.
b. Mi hi trong phn xng nhum
Trong qu trnh nhum, hi nc bay hi do qu trnh gia nhit cun theo cc
ha cht gy mi hi nh : Cc ha cht ty, thuc nhum, cc cht cm mu,
ph gia ... Do p dng qui trnh nhum kn tin tin ca Hn Quc, Trung
Quc nn hn ch mc nh hng do mi hi ng k.
c. Do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti
Trong qu trnh hot ng, nh my lun phi xut nhp nguyn vt liu hng
ha gy nh hng ti mi trng khng kh khu vc. Kh thi sinh ra t cc
phng tin giao thng vn ti c cha cc cht nhim ch th in hnh nh
bi, SO
2
, NO
x
, CO. Khi thi vo khng kh chng s lm tng thm nng
cc cht nhim trong mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
3.1.2.3 Tc ng do n v nhit
Cng ting n, nhit trung bnh trong khu vc sn xut c a ra
trong bng sau:
Bng 3.10. n v nhit ti cc xng sn xut ca nh my
STT Khu vc n (dBA) Nhit (
0
C)
1 Khu vc l hi 65 39,1
2 Khu vc kho cha xng du 63 35,4
3 Trung tm phn xng nhum 93 36,1
Trang 39
4 Phn xng dt kim 88 35,5
5 Phn xng si 90 31,7
6 Phn xng dt thoi 120 32,9
TCVN-5949-1995 (khu sn xut) 75
Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q - BYT 32
Ngun: theo s liu trung bnh ca cc nh my hot ng
a. Ting n
Cng ting n trong khu vc sn xut u cao hn Tiu chun cho php
t 5 n 45 dBA. Cng ting n ti phn xng dt c gi tr cao nht l
120 dBA, y cng l c trng ca ngnh dt ni chung.
Trong cc loi nhim ti nh my dt nhum th nhim ting n l mt
trong nhng ngun nhim th yu. Tuy nhin, cc tc ng t vic nhim
ting n qu mc cho php c th gy ra nhng nh hng n con ngi, n
nng sut lao ng ca ngi lao ng lm vic ti nh my v n lm gim
s ch y, mt mi, lm tng cc qu trnh c ch ca h thn kinh trung ng,
gim huyt p tm thu v tng huyt p tm trung ng.
Khu vc dn c cch xa nh my (> 500m) v v tr ca nh my nm trong
Khu cng nghip Xuyn , c nhiu cy xanh bao ph nn c kh nng gim
thiu c ting n. Tuy cng n vt gii hn cho php ca TCVN
nhng ch d n s mt s bin php h tr ca d n, gp phn lm gim
thiu tc ng do n i vi khu vc xung quanh.
b. Nhit
Nhn chung, nhit khng kh ti cc xng sn xut kh cao v c bit
trong phn xng nhum ti nh my u c nhit cao hn tiu chun cho
php (iu kin vi kh hu theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q BYT). V vy
nh my cn phi quan tm n vic gim nhit trong cc phn xng sn
xut, nhm m bo sc khe cho cng nhn. Do cn u t h thng
thng thong thch hp m bo sc khe cho cng nhn lm vic.
3.1.2.4 Tc ng do nc thi
a. Ngun gc pht sinh
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh my lm pht sinh mt lng nc thi tc
ng ti ngun nc, bao gm cc ngun ch yu nh sau:
- Nc thi sn xut sinh ra trong qu trnh nhum, git ra sau nhum, v
sinh my mc, thit b v sn nh xng. Nc thi sn xut c cha cc
tp cht rn l lng, cc mui v cc hp cht hu c trong thuc nhum,
cc cht hot ng b mt, cht in ly, cht ngm, cht to mi trng,
tinh bt, men, cht oxy ha...
Trang 40
- Nc thi sinh hot c cha cn b, cc cht rn l lng, cc cht hu c,
cc cht dinh dng v vi sinh vt,
- Nc ma chy trn qua mt bng nh my cun theo t ct, cc cht hu
c, cc cht cn b...
Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm xy dng 2 h thng cng thu gom, thot
nc ma v thot nc thi ring bit nhm gim ti a chi ph x l nc
thi trong qu trnh hot ng.
b. Nc thi sn xut
Lu lng nc thi: nc thi sinh ra t qu trnh sn xut bng 80% so vi
lng nc cp, lu lng thi trung bnh nh sau:
290 m
3
/ng x 80% = 232 m
3
/ng.
Dy chuyn nhum ca gm cc khu nu, ty, nhum, sy, c thc hin
tun t. Sau mi cng on u phi dng nc sch x ra ton b lng
ha cht, thuc nhum cn d, nn lng nc thi cho khu nhum l tng
i nhiu. Ngoi ra cc cng on gim trng, thit b ra ha cht, h vi...
cng cha nhiu cht nhim c hi cho mi trng.
Trong thnh phn nc thi dt nhum c thnh phn pH, mu, COD, BOD
rt cao. Thnh phn v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut dt
nhum ca cc nh my tng d c a ra trong bng sau.
Bng 3.11. Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi nhum
STT Ch tiu n v Nc thi TCVN 5945 2005, loi C
1 pH 8,4 5 - 9
2 SS mg/l 690 200
3 COD mg/l 2.400 400
4 BOD
5
mg/l 1.000 100
5 mu PtCo 450 -
6 SO
4
mg/l 65 1
7 PO
4
mg/l 1,35 -
Ngun: X l nc thi, Lm Minh Trit , 2005.
So snh kt qu phn tch vi Tiu chun u ni cho php ca KCN Xuyn
(TCVN 5945 2005, gii hn C), cc thng s nhim trong nc thi cho
thy :
- Hm lng COD trong nc thi sn xut cao hn tiu chun t 6 ln. Hm
lng BOD
5
trong nc thi cao hn tiu chun t 10 ln. Nh vy nc
thi sn xut c hm lng cc cht nhim hu c kh nng.
- Cht rn l lng cao hn tiu chun 3,5 ln.
Trang 41
- Nhn chung, cc mu nc thi c ly v phn tch u c cha hm
lng cc cht nhim mc cao hn tiu chun cho php.
Tm li, nc thi ca nh my cn c thu gom trit v c x l cc
b ti nh my trc khi u ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi tp trung ca
KCN Xun nhm hn ch nhng tc ng nh hng ti mi trng nc,
t v sc khe ca con ngi.
c. Nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi sinh hot ca Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm c sinh ra t cc
ngun nh :
- Bp n tp th: nc c thi thng vo h thng cng thu gom nc thi
dn v h thng x l nc thi cc b ca nh my
- Nh tm ra: nc c thi thng vo h thng cng thu gom nc thi
dn v h thng x l nc thi cc b ca nh my.
- Nh v sinh: nc thi c x l s b bng h thng b t hoi, cn c
ht nh k v phn nc sau b t hoi c dn vo h thng x l nc
thi cc b ca nh my.
Lng nc thi sinh hot c tnh bng 100% lng nc cp (theo ngh
nh 88/2007/N-CP) vi lu lng 3,3 m
3
/ng. Vi tiu chun dng nc
q
tc
= 45 - 60 lt/ngi.ngy (TCXDVN 33:2006) cng vi s lng lao ng
l 55 ngi.
55 cng nhn x 60 lt/ngi/ngy = 3,3 m
3
/ngy.
Theo tnh ton ca nhiu Quc gia ang pht trin, th h s nhim do mi
ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (khi nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l)
nh c trnh by trong bng 3.12.
Bng 3.12. H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng (nc
thi t hat ng sinh hot cha qua x l)
STT Cht nhim H s (g/ngi/ngy)
01 BOD
5
45 - 54
02 COD (dicromate) 72 - 102
03 Cht rn l lng (SS) 70 - 145
04 Du m phi khong 10 - 30
05 Tng nit (N) 6 - 12
06 Amoni (N-NH
4
) 2,4 - 4,8
07 Tng photpho (P) 0,8 - 4,0
Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993.
Trang 42
Da vo h s nhim nc thi sinh hot ca T chc Y t Th gii nh
nu trn, c th xc nh ti lng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh
hot ca nh my. Kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.13.
Bng 3.13. Tng ti lng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot (cha qua
x l s b) ca d n.
STT Cht nhim Ti lng (kg/ngy)
01 BOD
5
6,23 7,47
02 COD (dicromate) 9,93 14,12
03 Cht rn l lng (SS) 9,69 20,07
03 Cht rn l lng (SS) 9,69 20,07
04 Du m phi khong 1,38 4,15
05 Tng nit (N) 0,83 1,66
06 Amoni (N-NH
4
) 0,33 0,66
07 Tng Photpho (P) 0,11 0,55
Ngun: Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh v Qun l Mi trng, thng 09/2009.
Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trn c s
lng nc thi pht sinh v ti lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi. Kt
qu tnh ton nng nhim ban u ca nc thi sinh hot c a ra
trong bng 3.14 di y.
Bng 3.14. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot trong ca d n
Nng (mg/l) Stt Cht nhim
Khng qua x l X l bng b t
hoi
TCVN 5945:2005
Ct C
1 BOD
5
346 - 416 138 - 166 100
2 COD 552 - 984 220 - 393 400
3 TSS 538 1.116 215 - 446 200
4 Du m TV 76 - 230 30 - 92 30
5 Tng nit 46 - 92 18 37 60
6 Amni 18 - 36 10,8 21,6 15
7 Tng P 6 - 36 2,4 14,4 8
8 Tng Coliform 10
6
- 10
9
10
3
10
5
-
Ghi ch:
So snh vi tiu chun c th thy rng, nc thi cha qua x l c nng
cc cht nhim rt cao. Sau khi x l bng b t hoi 3 ngn k kh, vn c
hm lng cht nhim vt tiu chun cho php. C th nh sau:
- Hm lng BOD5 vt tiu chun cho php: 1,2 1,5 ln
- Hm lng TSS vt tiu chun cho php khong 2 ln
Trang 43
- Hm lng Du m ng thc vt vt tiu chun cho php khong 2,8 ln
- Hm lng Amni, tng Photpho vt tiu chun cho php khong 1,35 ln
V vy ch d n s c phng n x l hiu qu lng nc thi sinh hot
pht sinh ti vn phng, nh xng nhm m bo khng gy nhim mi
trng ti khu vc (phng n chi tit c a ra trong chng 4).
d. Nc ma chy trn
Vo ma ma, nc ma chy trn qua khu vc mt bng nh my s ko
theo t ct, cht cn b v du m ri vi vo dng nc. Nu lng nc
ma ny khng c qun l tt cng s gy tc ng tiu cc n ngun
nc b mt, nc ngm v h thy sinh trong khu vc. Qua cc ti liu tng
hp, c th c tnh nng cc cht nhim trong nc ma chy trn nh
sau:
Bng 3.16. Thnh phn, tnh cht nc ma chy trn
Ch tiu n v tnh Nng
Tng nit mg/l 0,5 - 1,5
Tng photpho mg/l 0,004 - 0,003
Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD) mg/l 10 - 20
Tng cht rn l lng (TSS) mg/l 10 - 20
So vi nc thi, nc ma kh sch v hm lng cc cht nhim thp
hn, v vy c th tch t ct bng h thng h ga v h thng song chn rc
gi li cc cn rc c kch thc ln, cn nc ma c u ni vo h
thng thu gom nc ma chung ca KCN Xuyn .
e. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi
Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi c th hin trong bng 3.16
Bng 3.16. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi
Stt Thng s Tc ng
01 Nhit - nh hng n cht lng nc, nng xy ho tan trong nc
(DO);
- nh hng n s a dng sinh hc;
- nh hng tc v dng phn hy cc hp cht hu c trong nc.
02 Du m - Gy nhim mi trng nc;
- nh hng tiu cc n i sng thu sinh, khng to iu kin tt
cho xy khuch tn t khng kh vo trong nc;
- nh hng n mc ch cung cp nc v nui trng thu sn. Gy
cht cc ng vt nui di nc nh tm c,
- Chuyn ho thnh cc hp cht c hi khc nh Phenol, cc dn
xut Clo ca Phenol.
03 Cc cht hu c - Gim nng xy ho tan trong nc;
- nh hng n ti nguyn thy sinh.
Trang 44
Stt Thng s Tc ng
04 Cht rn l lng - nh hng n cht lng nc, ti nguyn thy sinh.
05 Cc cht dinh
dng (N, P)
- Gy hin tng ph dng, nh hng ti cht lng nc, s sng
thy sinh.
06 Cc vi khun gy
bnh
- Nc c ln vi khun gy bnh l nguyn nhn ca cc dch bnh
thng hn, ph thng hn, l, t;
- Coliform l nhm vi khun gy bnh ng rut;
- E.coli (Escherichia Coli) l vi khun thuc nhm Coliform, c nhiu
trong phn ngi.
3.1.2.5 Tc ng do rc thi
a. Ngun gc pht sinh rc thi
Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn ca Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm bao
gm:
+ Cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi:
- Cht thi rn ca phn xng dt vi ch yu l si ph thi vi s lng
khng nhiu, c cng nhn dt thu gom hng ngy tp trung cui
phn xng. Si bng ph thi c bn di dng ph liu.
- Cht thi rn ti phn xng ko si bao gm mn bng v tp cht
c nh my tn dng ko si ph phm. Phn cn li c thu gom
vo bi rc chung ca nh my.
- Tng lng rc thi sn xut khong 50 kg/ngy. Rc thi sn xut hng
ngy c tp trung thu gom vo thng rc thi tm thi, sau c
phn loi cc dng c th ti sinh v em bn cho cc c s ti ch di
dng ph liu. Lng rc cn li c nh my a cho cc c quan thu
gom rc ti a phng x l theo ng quy nh. Do , tc ng ny
c nh gi l trung bnh, c th kim sot v gim thiu.
+ Cht thi rn sn xut nguy hi: (c lng khi lng)
- Cht thi rn ti phn xng nhum ch yu l bao b, can, thng ng
ha cht, thuc nhum dng ht v cc ha cht d tha, khi lng
khong 25 kg/thng.
- Cn du nht, gi lau nhim du nht loi b , bng n thi, pin thi vi
khi lng nh khong 10 kg/thng.
- Bn t h thng x l nc thi cc b v bn t b t hoi, ngoi ra
cn c mt lng nh hn hp du m thi c cha du v cht bo t
qu trnh phn tch du/nc qua b vt du m kt hp iu ha. Khi
lng khang 100 kg/thng.
Trang 45
+ Cht thi rn sinh hot: rc thi sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin
(khong 55 ngi) c cha ch yu l rau c, v tri cy, giy v nilon bao
gi... Mi cng nhn mt ngy thi ra khong 0,3 - 0,5kg rc sinh hot, nh
vy mt ngy lng rc sinh hot ca nh my khong 16,5 kg - 27,5 kg. Hm
lng cc cht hu c trong rc thi sinh hot chim khong 80% khi lng
cht kh, m trong rc thi sinh hot dao ng trong khong 30 - 90%
b. Tc ng ca cht thi rn ti mi trng
Nh trnh by mc trn, rc thi ca nh my bao gm rc thi sn xut
v rc thi sinh hot, c cha nhiu hp cht hu c v c m cao. Rc thi
sn xut c tn dng li phn ln, v vy rc thi ch yu l rc thi sinh
hot. Do , nu khng c nhng bin php thu gom v x l thch ng, rc
thi s c cc tc ng ti mi trng nh sau:
- S pht tn rc trn mt t s nh hng ti m quan khu vc.
- Qu trnh phn hy rc do vi sinh vt s sinh ra cc cht gy mi nh : H
2
S,
NH
3
... lm nhim mi trng khng kh trong khu vc sn xut.
- Cc qu trnh phn hy v ha tan cc cht nhim trong rc s gy
nhim mi trng t cng nh nc ngm.
- Ti cc khu vc cha rc v qu trnh phn hy rc thng c m cao s
kch thch mt s qu trnh ha hc, sinh hc gy n mn vt liu.
- c bit rc thi sinh hot lun l mi trng thun li cho s pht trin
ca cc sinh vt truyn bnh nguy him nh rui, mui...V vy, vic thit
lp, xy dng mt quy trnh thu gom v x l rc thi hp v sinh l mt
vic cn thit v nn thc hin.
3.1.3 Cc ri ro v s c c th xy ra
3.1.3.1 Trong giai on xy dng
Nguy c chy n, tai nn lao ng
Vi khi lng thi cng ln, thi gian thi cng ko di, vn tai nn lao
ng rt d xy ra, do s c quan tm ngay t u v nghim tc thc
hin trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Cc ri ro tai nn lao ng xy ra nhiu
nht trong giai on thi cng thng lin quan ti cng tc lp t thit b trn
cao, thit b c kch thc ln, trng ti cao. Ging nh mu thun gia cng
nhn v ngi dn a phng, tai nn lao ng cng kh c th trnh khi.
Tuy nhin, vi kinh nghim ca cc nh thu xy dng chuyn nghip, cng
vi vic tun th nghim ngt quy nh v an ton lao ng trong khi thi cng
cng nh vic gim st cht ch v ng cu kp thi s c th gim n mc
thp nht thit hi v ngi v ti sn.
Cc s c mi trng trong giai on xy dng cn tim n cc kho cha nhin
Trang 46
liu. Kh nng r r v kh nng chy n do c r r khi c s c kt hp vi cc
hot ng xy dng khc nh hn x hoc chm, chp in l nguyn nhn
thng gp gy ra s c chy n cng trnh xy dng. V vy cc bin php an
ton cho cc kho s c quan tm thc hin v c kim sot cht ch.
Tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi
+ Cc ngun thi gy nhim mi trng u c nhng nh hng nht nh
n sc kho dn c khu vc, lm xo trn cuc sng, gy phin nhiu n
cc hot ng x hi khc.
+ Ngoi ra vic tp trung mt s lng ng cng nhn xy dng cng c th
pht sinh cc t nn x hi; tnh hnh an ninh trt t, v sinh mi trng
khng m bo d ly lan dch bnh.
3.1.3.2 Trong giai on vn hnh
S c r r nguyn liu
S c r r nguyn nhin liu dng lng (du, nht), dng kh (dung mi,
ha cht nhum) s gy c cho cng nhn lao ng, gy chy n v tc
ng nghim trng n mi trng ca nh my v vng xung quanh.
S c chy n
Ha hon c th xy ra khu vc bn cha du v nhin liu. Vic chy du
v nhin liu s gy tc ng nghim trng n mi trng ca nh my v
vng xung quanh.
Trong vng d n v ma kh nhit khng kh cao, m thp do vy chy
kho nhin liu d xy ra, c bit khi nng hydrocacbon trong khng kh
cao v gp ngun kch chy.
Vi cc k thut, cng ngh hin i p dng cho Nh my, cc qui nh, qui
trnh vn hnh cht ch cng vi qu trnh kim tra, bo dng nghim tc,
ng quy nh, cc tc ng ny s c hn ch n mc ti thiu v c
nh gi l nh, c th kim sot, gim thiu c.
S c i vi trm x l nc thi
Tnh cht ca d n thi ra mt lng nc thi kh ln vi nng cht
nhim cao v vy nh hng do s c khi vn hnh h thng x l nc thi l
khng th trnh khi nh s c trong qu trnh vn hnh (h h thng, tc
nghn bn trong cc ng v trong b x l k kh, b x l sinh hc hiu kh
bng bn khng c sinh ra) hoc s c v h hng my mc thit b, s
c do vn hnh khng ng nguyn tc ca ngi vn hnh h Nu b nh
hng bi cc s c trn th lng nc thi ra s khng c x l hoc x
l km cht lng, khi thi ra ngun tip nhn s gy nhim cho mi trng
v vy d n cn c nhng bin php khng ch trnh nh hng ca cc s
Trang 47
c trong qu trnh vn hnh.
Tai nn lao ng trong qu trnh vn hnh v bo dng
Trong qu trnh vn hnh, sa cha v bo dng cng trnh, cc ti nn lao
ng c th xy ra nu cc cng nhn vin khng chp hnh nghim chnh cc
quy nh an ton.
Bn cnh cc s c khc nh st nh, chp in, chy n,... l cc s c c
kh nng xy ra gy nguy hi cho nh my, con ngi v mi trng. Vi tnh
cht cng ngh hin i vo loi tin tin hin nay trn th gii, i ng cng
nhn, k s vn hnh lnh ngh, c o to bi bn, chnh quy, cng vi
qu trnh thit k nghin cu rt k cc c im kh tng thy vn, a
cht khu vc, ch bo dng v qun l vn hnh cht ch, hp l nn kh
nng xy ra cc s c ny l rt thp.
3.2 NHN XT V CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI
Cc nh gi trong bo co TM l kh chnh xc do da trn nhng c s
vng chc, cc ti liu chuyn ngnh ph bin ca cc n v chuyn mn
trong v ngoi nc.
Thng tin kinh t x hi khu vc d n c thu thp v sng lc thng tin
da trn cc bo co kinh t x hi ca cc x, huyn bi cc chuyn gia thc
hin .
Cc phng php ny mang tnh chnh xc cao, cung cp kh y thng tin
cn thit thc hin nh gi, d bo tc ng mi trng, to c s kh
vng chc xy dng chng trnh gim st mi trng trong cc giai on
xy dng v vn hnh d n.
D n nh my dt nhum Dng Tm l d n c cu hnh, c tnh k thut
tng t nh cc nh my dt nhum khc ang vn hnh nc ta. Cc
phng php nh gi v bin php gim thiu tc ng c la chn, s
dng da trn thc t vn hnh ca cc nh my tng t do mang tnh kh
thi v t c hiu qu cao.
Bng 3.17. tin cy ca cc phng php TM
STT Phng php TM Mc tin cy
1 Phng php thc a Cao
2 Phng php thng k Cao
3 Phng php phn tch trong phng th nghim Cao
4 Phng php nh gi nhanh Trung bnh
5 Phng php bn Trung bnh
6 Phng php so snh Cao

Trang 48
CHNG 4 BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU,
PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG
ng vi cc tc ng mi trng c xc nh trong chng 3 theo cc giai
on thc hin d n, cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu n mi trng
s c thc hin.
4.1 I VI CC TC NG XU
4.1.1 Bin php gim thiu tc ng giai on xy dng
m bo vic thc hin cc bin php c xut trong giai on xy
dng, cc bin php ny cn c a vo hp ng vi nh thu v c bin
php kim tra bi Ch d n.
4.1.1.1 Gim thiu tc ng do kh thi
nhim khng kh s l mt trong cc vn ln nht trong giai on xy
dng nh my. Cc bin php sau y c xut gim thiu nhim
khng kh.
- Vic vn chuyn dng c, nguyn vt liu hay thit b nng phi dng cc
xe vn ti chuyn dng. Phng tin vn chuyn phi c kim tra ti
trc khi dng. Dy chng, buc phi m bo chc chn v tun th cc
quy nh an ton i vi cng tc vn chuyn;
- B tr cc trm trn b tng cch xa ti a khu dn c gim thiu nh
hng ca bi n ngi dn trong khu vc;
- iu chnh mt xe trn ng dn ti khu vc thi cng, khng gy nh
hng n s lu thng trong khu vc;
- Tn dng giao thng thu hin c trong khu vc;
- Gim st kh thi t hot ng ca my mc thi cng (xe c, xe ti, my
i,) v kh thi t trm trn b tng, nh gi cht lng khng kh xung
quanh ti v tr thuc khu vc d n v khu vc xung quanh qua cc thng s
c trng nh bi, SO
2
, NO
2
, CO.
u im: cc bin php gim thiu ny c tnh kh thi, n gin, d thc hin,
ph hp vi kh nng ca nh thu, c hiu qu ti a nu c gim st y
v nghim tc.
Nhc im: ch gim thiu, khng th khc phc trit tc ng.
4.1.1.2 Gim thiu ting n v rung
Cng nhn xy dng s l i tng chnh, k l ngi dn khu vc chu
nh hng ca ting n.
Trang 49
Cc bin php sau y c p dng gim thiu ting n.
- Cng nhn c trang b cc thit b bo v tai khi lm vic ti khu vc c
n cao;
- Gii hn thi gian lm vic ti nhng khu vc c ting n qu gii hn cho
php;
- Xy dng tng ro khu vc d n ngay t u giai on xy dng hn
ch ting n, bi t d n ra khu vc xung quanh;
- B tr cc ngun gy ting n ln ra xa khu dn c. Ty theo cng ca
cc ngun ting n, d n s b tr tt c cc ngun gy ra ting n ln nh
trm trn b tng, my ng cc,;
- Tt c cc hot ng xy dng c tin hnh vo ban ngy;
- S dng cc phng php v thit b pht ra ting n, rung thp;
- Xe c vn chuyn nguyn vt liu phi m bo n, ch nhn ci khi cn
thit;
- Qun l tt sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng, trnh gy n o lm mt yn
tnh trong thi gian ngh ca ngi dn a phng;
- Cc bin php lin quan n hot ng xy dng ca cc nh thu s c
a vo iu kin d thu v c xt n khi tuyn thu.
u v nhc im:
- Cc bin php gim thiu ny n gin, khng cn cng ngh hay k thut
phc tp v d thc hin;
- Phi c s cam kt ca nh thu xy dng v kim tra ca Ch d n;
- Ch gim thiu, khng khc phc trit tc ng.
4.1.1.3 Gim thiu tc ng do nc thi
Cc hot ng trong giai on xy dng ca d n u c pht sinh nc thi.
Tuy nhin, lng nc thi pht sinh khng ng k, c thu gom v thot ra
h thng thot nc ca khu cng nghip Xuyn . Do , khng gy nh
hng trc tip n ngun nc mt m ch tc ng n kh nng chu ti
ca h thng x l nc thi KCN Xuyn .
+ Nc thi sinh hot: Trong giai on xy dng, nc thi pht sinh ch yu
l nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn, ngun nhim ny gy nhim c mi
trng t v nc, c bit l mi trng nc. c tnh lng nc thi
pht sinh trong giai on ny vo khong 1,53 m
3
/ng (trnh by trong Chng
3). Nc thi sinh hot c lu lng khng ln nhng c nng nhim
Trang 50
cao, thi gian xy dng li ko di nn hn ch nh hng do nc thi ca
cng nhn n mi trng, ch u t s b tr cc nh v sinh di ng n
gin t ti cng trng. Nc thi sau khi qua nh v sinh, s c thu gom
theo cc rnh thot nc v tm thi u ni vo thng thu gom nc thi ca
KCN Xuyn .
+ Nc ma chy trn: Lng nc ma chy trn qua khu vc d n c th
cun theo t ct, du m gy nhim n h thng that nc ca khu vc.
Do , gim thiu tc ng do ngun nc ny, cc bin php s c thc
hin bao gm:
- Khng thi cht thi rn (cht thi xy dng, ct ,) v du cn ca thit
b xy dng vo ngun nc. Mi loi cht thi phi c thu gom v
chuyn n khu vc x l cht thi theo ng quy nh ca a phng;
- Khng to ra cc ao, vng nc trong khu vc cng trng ngn
nga nhim nc v trnh pht trin rui mui, chut b bo v sc
khe cho ngi dn;
- Hn ch nc ma chy trn qua khu vc c du m, my mc cng nh
nhng ni c cng tc o p d dang;
- B tr cc kho cha nguyn vt liu ti v tr an ton, trnh hin tng trn
du cng nh c bin php ng cu kp thi khi xy ra ri ro trong qu
trnh thi cng hn ch ti a kh nng nhim ngun nc mt v nc
ngm;
- Khng thi cht thi sinh hot (nc thi, rc thi) t cc ln tri ca cng
trnh vo ngun nc. Cht thi rn sinh hot s c thu gom v vn
chuyn n bi thi x l theo hp ng vi nh thu xy dng nh my
hoc vi n v ph trch mi trng th ca a phng. Nh v sinh
cho s lng cng nhn v c b t hoi trc khi thi ra mi trng.
u v nhc im:
phc tp v d thc hin;
- Cc bin php ny ph thuc phn ln vo thc bo v mi trng ca
lc lng cng nhn trn cng trng, do cn kt hp vi bin php gio
dc, thng pht r rng v phi c kim tra bi Ch d n.
4.1.1.4 Gim thiu tc ng do rc thi
gim thiu tc ng ca cht thi rn xy dng v sinh hot, ngoi ra cn
c mt khi lng nh cht thi rn nguy ha. i vi mi trng t th d n
s thc hin thu gom v x l nh sau:
- Cht thi rn sinh hot:
Trang 51
Cht thi sinh hot sinh ra t hot ng ca cng nhn trong khi thi cng
d n s c thu gom vo cc thng cha c np y v hp ng vi cc
n v thu gom cht thi rn a phng;
- Cht thi rn xy dng
+ X bn s c s dng san lp nn;
+ Sau khi kt thc, cc loi ct pha bng g c bn lm nguyn liu
t;
+ Cc loi st thp vn c thu gom li v bn cho cc c s thu mua ph
liu;
+ Cc loi rc khc nh bao giy (bao xi mng) thng nha, dy nha, cy
c tch ring bn cho cc c s ti ch hoc cc n v v sinh
cng cng a phng
thu gom.
+ t, bn ph thi khng s dng c th khng c xung ao, h,
sng, rch, m s hp ng vi cc n v v sinh cng cng a phng
thu gom.
- Cht thi nguy hi
i vi cht thi rn nguy hi t cng trng bao gm cc loi du m thi,
gi lau nhim du m, ha cht xy dng nh sn, cht chng thm, vi
khi lng khong 50 kg/thng c lu tr ti ni qui nh trong cng
trng v k hp ng vi n v c chc nng x l cht thi nguy hi
thu gom.
u v nhc im ca cc bin php gim thiu:
phc tp, d thc hin;
- S c thc hin v mang l hiu qu tt nu nh thu xy dng v cng
nhn c thc hoc c gio dc bo v mi trng v c kim tra bi
Ch d n.
4.1.1.5 Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng kinh t x hi
Nhm m bo iu kin sng ca cng nhn xy dng, hn ch nguy c lan
truyn dch bnh do tp trung lao ng trong mi trng sng khng m bo
v sinh l mt trong nhng nguy c lm tng p lc ln h thng y t a
phng, cn a cc yu cu sau y vo hp ng vi nh thu thi cng:
- Xy dng ln tri ti cng trng;
- m bo iu kin v sinh cho cng nhn v ban ch hy cng trng;
- T chc n ung hp v sinh;
- C nh v sinh ti cng trng cho cng nhn v ban ch hy cng trng;
Trang 52
- C b phn chuyn trch hng dn cc cng tc v sinh mi trng, an
ton lao ng v k thut lao ng cho cng nhn;
- Cc nh thu xy dng s b rng buc trong cc hp ng xy dng v
trch nhim v sinh mi trng v an ton lao ng ti cng trng;
- D n s t vn qun l k lut i vi tt c cc cng nhn lm vic
trn cng trng, k c cng nhn tm tuyn. Thng bo, phi hp vi
chnh quyn a phng qun l hnh chnh nhng ngi vo lm trong
d n nhm trnh pht sinh cc t nn x hi, gim thiu xung t gia
cng nhn a phng v ngi dn khu vc.
Cc bin php ny c tnh kh thi cao, hiu qu t c s tt tuy nhin cn
c s phi hp tht s cht ch gia chnh quyn a phng v cc nh thu
(n v trc trip qun l cng nhn xy dng).
4.1.2 Bin php gim thiu giai on vn hnh
4.1.2.1. Gim thiu nhim bi
Do cc c im c trng ca ngnh dt, ti cc phn xng ko si, dt,
lun b nhim do bi, lng si, c bit l i vi cc phn xng ko si v
dt thoi. Do nh my thc hin cc phng n hn ch bi trong cc
phn xng ko si, dt gm:
- Xy dng nh xng cao thong, lp t h thng qut ht, thng gi t
nhin v cng bc nhm lm gim lng bi bng, bi si.
- Sau mi ca sn xut, nh my u cho cng nhn phi tin hnh qut dn
v v sinh khu vc lm vic ca mnh trc khi giao ca.
- Cng nhn trong cc phn xng ko si, dt bt buc phi mang khu
trang, m, trong khi lm vic.
Ngoi ra trong qu trnh ko si sn sinh ra mt lng bng ph, nu lng
bng ph ny khng c thu gom v x l tt th n cng l mt ngun gy
nhim bi ng k.
4.1.2.2. Gim thiu tc ng do kh thi
a. Gim thiu nhim kh thi
Nh nu trong chng 3, cc cht nhim cn kim sot v x l trong kh
thi ca cc ni hi v l du gia nhit l SO
2
. Cc bin php p dng l v
xy dng h thng x l kh thi v ng khi c chiu cao ph hp gim
thiu nhim khng kh.
- Xy dng h thng x l kh thi dng phng php hp th c phn ng
ha hc, c p dng x l cho c SO
2
v NO
2
.
Trang 53
- Thit k ng khi: c chiu cao ph hp khong 15m nhm y nhanh s
pht tn cc cht nhim vo khng kh, trnh s tch t cc b v nh
hng ti nhng khu vc ph cn, to iu kin tt cho s pha long ca
cc cht nhim vo khng kh.

Hnh 4.1. S cng ngh h thng x l kh thi
Thuyt minh s cng ngh x l kh thi:
- Khi thi t khu vc sn xut qua h thng ht s c thu gom dn vo h
thng x l khi thi. Khi thi c qut ht a vo thit b hp th. Ti
y, kh thi c dn vo t pha di v khi kh thi bay ln s gp lp
vt liu tip xc c phn tn u dung dch ha cht Na
2
CO
3
trn b
mt
,
lc ny kh thi s b hp th bi dung dch ha cht Na
2
CO
3
. Dung
dch ha cht Na
2
CO
3
c dn vo lp vt liu lc t b cha dung dch
ha cht Na
2
CO
3
qua bm ha cht.
3
2
kHU VC SN
XUT
u phun
Nc
Kim
8
7
9
Lp tch
1
4
6
5
Ghi ch:
1. Khu vc sn xut
2. Thp hp th kh thi
3. Qut ht kh
4. ng khi
5. Thit b pha ha cht
6. Bm ha cht
7. B cha ha cht v lng cn
8. Bm bn
9. Thit b lm kh bn
Trang 54
- Khi thi c phn tn t di i qua lp vt liu tip xc ha cht lng
phun u t trn xung s hp th cc hi kh c, kh thi sau khi qua h
thng x l m bo TCVN 5939:2005 (K
p
=1, K
v
=1) v c thi qua ng
khi c chiu cao khong 15m. Ha cht sau khi i vo thit b hp th s
c a v b cha v c bm tun hon tr li.
- Dung dch sau khi mt kh nng hp th s c thay th bng dung dch
mi. Kh sch sau khi qua thit b hp th s c a vo ng khi v dn
ra ngoi theo ng tiu chun cho php.
b. Gim thiu mi hi t phn xng nhum
Mi hi ch yu l hi ca cc ha cht nhum, ty cun theo hi nc khi
gia nhit. Mi hi xut hin trong phm vi hp c nh hng trc tip n sc
khe cng nhn khu vc xung quanh cc thit b ty, nhum. Phn ln mi hi
ch cm nhn c khi n gn thit b vo thi im x hi qu p.
Cc thit b hot ng bn t ng, v vy cng nhn ch tham gia cng on
chun b v kt thc nhum. Bin php khng ch gim thiu mi hi trong
phn xng nhum nh sau :
- Nh xng phi thng thong, kt hp vi trang b cc loi qut cy ti cc
khu vc pht sinh mi hi.
- Hi qu p khi x ra c dn vo mt ng dn v x xung cng thi, hn
ch mi hi ca kh thi trong phn xng nhum.
- Cng nhn lm vic trong phn xng nhum c trang b tt cc phng
tin bo h lao ng nh khu trang, qun o, gng tay, hn ch tc ng
ca mi hi n sc khe.
c. Khng ch nhim kh thi do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti
Kh thi ca cc phng tin giao thng vn ti cha cc cht nhim bao
gm : khi bi, CO
2
, SO
2
, NO
2
, CO... do lu lng xe thp nn kh nng gy
nhim l khng ng k. Tuy nhin, nh my s lu p dng cc bin php
lm gim ti lng nhim sinh ra t kh thi cc phng tin giao thng vn
ti i vi mi trng khng kh xung quanh, c th nh sau:
- Khng s dng cc loi xe vn chuyn ht hn s dng;
- Thng xuyn kim tra v tu bo dng cc phng tin giao thng vn ti.
- S dng nhin liu ng vi thit k ca ng c.
- Cc phng tin giao thng vn ti khng c ch qu trng ti qui nh.
- Tng cng mt cy xanh trong khun vin nh my, c bit l nhng
khu vc xng sn xut.
Trang 55
4.1.2.3. Gim thiu cc tc ng do ting n, rung
hn ch cc tc ng ca ting n, rung trong khu sn xut nhm m
bo sc khe ca cn b cng nhn vin v tui th cc cng trnh. Nh my
cn thng xuyn tu dng v bo qun my mc, vn cy xanh v cnh
quan khu vc. Mt trong cc bin php hn ch n rung c th p dng l:
- Cch ly cc khu vc gy n v xy tng cch m xung quanh c th gim
c cng ting n t 6 - 8 dBA.
- Thng xuyn kim tra tnh trng my mc pht hin v sa cha kp
thi cc chi tit r do gy ting n ln. nh k bo dng v tra du bi
trn my mc lun ch lm vic tt. Thng xuyn bi trn bng
du m cc phn ng ca thit b v my mc.
- Trang b nt bt tai chng n cho cng nhn phn xng dt.
chng rung cho my mc thit b, thc hin cc bin php sau:
- c mng khi lng (bt ng mc cao), tng chiu su mng.
- Lp t m cao su v l xo chng rung i vi cc thit b cng sut ln.
4.1.2.4. Vi kh hu
Do c rt nhiu ngi lm vic trong mi trng nh xng cng vi nhit
ta ra t my mc thit b hot ng, nn m bo cc yu t vi kh hu
theo tiu chun ca B Y T - TCVS 2002 c trnh by bng 4.1
Bng 4.1: Tiu chun cc yu t vi kh hu trong mi trng lao ng
Loi lao ng Nhit (
0
C) Vn tc gi (m/s) m (%)
Nh 24 - 28 0.3 - 1.0 50 70
Va 22 - 29 0.5 - 1.0 50 75
Nng 22 - 28 0.7 - 2.0 50 75
Ngun: Tiu chun v sinh lao ng ca B Y t ti quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ngy
10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t.
Cc bin php ci thin iu kin lm vic trong nh xng:
- Cng ty s xy dng nh xng thng thong, lm h thng thng gi
xuyn ngang nh xng.
- Tt c cc phn xng trong nh my s c lp t h thng cu ht
nhit trn nc phn xng v trang b qut cng nghip lm mt cc b
cho tng khu vc c cng nhn thao tc, khu vc c nhiu my mc. Vi
bin php khng ch nh trn cho php gim thiu ti a mc nh
hng ca mi cng nh nhit tha trong tng phn xng. Ngoi ra, ch
u t d n s thit k nh xng thng thong theo nguyn tc thng gi
t nhin.
Trang 56
S dng cy xanh hn ch nhim khng kh:
- Cy xanh c tc dng rt ln trong vic hn ch nhim khng kh nh ht
bi v gi bi, lc sch khng kh, ht v che chn ting n, gim nhit
khng kh, Mt s cy xanh rt nhy cm vi nhim khng kh cho nn
c th dng cy xanh lm cht ch th nhm pht hin cht nhim khng
kh. Khu vc trng nhiu cy xanh c th lm gim nhit mi trng khng
kh t 1-20C so vi cc khu vc khng c cy xanh.
- T cc yu t phn tch trn cho thy vic trng tht nhiu cy xanh
xung quanh Cng ty v dy cy xanh vnh ai cch ly vi mi trng va
c tc dng tt v mt mi trng va to cnh quan, tng v p cho ton
khu vc. V vy, Cng ty s tin hnh trng cy xanh hn ch nhim
cho cng ty vi t l m bo 20% trn tng din tch.
4.1.2.5. Gim thiu tc ng n mi trng nc
a. Nc thi sn xut v sinh hot
Thnh phn v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sn xut dt nhum
ca cc nh my a ra trong bng 3.11, i vi yu cu mc x l t loi
C theo TCVN 5945 2005 th nc thi ca nh my cn phi loi b ti
thiu 17% COD; 17% BOD
5
v 30% SS.
Cc cn c ln phng n x l:
- Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi.
- Yu cu mc x l.
- Tnh hnh thc t, kh nng ti chnh ca Nh my.
- Kh nng p ng thit b cho h thng x l.
- Chi ph u t ban u, chi ph qun l v vn hnh.
- Din tch mt bng.
Phng n x l: Trn c s cc cn c nu trn, nc thi sinh ra trong qu
trnh sn xut v sinh hot ca Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm c th x l
theo phng n nh sau:
S nguyn l
Trang 57

B cn bng 2
Dung dch keo t B cn bng 1
Chnh pH
B keo t
B cha trung gian
Thit b lc p lc
Thit b to bng
u ni vo h thng thu gom
nc thi tp trung ca KCN
Xuyn TCVN5945:2005,
gii hn C
Nc thi
sn xut
Nc thi
sinh hot
Sn phi bn
Nc
ng ha cht
ng nc
B lng
Dung dch tr keo t
Dung dch iu chnh pH
Bn
ng bn
Ghi ch:
Trang 58

4
2
8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Air
Air h tu donu
Flocculant Ca(0h)
2
Al
2
(S0
4
)
8

huJc thai san xuat
Thai ra conu
Hnh 4.2. S CNG NGH H THNG X L NC THI
SN XUT V SINH HOT NH MY DT NHUM
6
10
9
5 3 1
1) Be dieu hoa 1
2) Cac buonu khuav
8) Be lanu1
4) Be dieu hoa 2
5) Be chua trunu
uian
G) Thiet bi loc a luc
7) Be chua
8) San hJi bun
O) Sonu chan rac
nuJc thai sinh hoat
1O) Sonu chan rac
nuJc thai san xuat

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BuJnu nuJc
BuJnu bun
BuJnu hoa chat
huJc thai tam rua
Tach dau mJ huJc thai be an
Tu hoai huJc thai ve sinh
0hi chu
Trang 59
Thuyt minh phng n x l:
Nc thi sn xut ca nh my (phn xng nhum) c thu gom dn vo
b iu ha (1) qua h thng song chn rc (10) vi kch thc l 5 mm. Ti
b cn bng , nc thi c sc kh bng mt my thi kh nhm iu ha
lu lng, nng cc cht nhim, pH, gim nhit , trnh hin tng sa
lng cc tp cht trong nc thi.
T b cn bng nc thi c bm sang b trn ha cht keo t (2) (cc ha
cht keo t c th c s dng l coagulant, flocculant, Al
2
(SO
4
)
2
,
Ca(OH)
2
, bentont..) ph v h keo trong nc thi v to bng cn c kch
thc ln c th lng c. Nc thi tip tc c a sang b lng (3)
tch bng cn, bn lng c a v sn phi bn (8), nc thi t sn phi
bn c a v b lng (3) tip tc x l.
Nc thi sinh hot ca nh my sau khi qua song chn rc (9) c a vo
b iu ha (4) cng c x l chung vi nc thi sn xut sau b lng (3).
Nc thi sn xut sau khi x l ha l v nc thi sinh hot tip tc c
vo v cha trung gian c sc kh nhm gim nng cht hu c trong
nc thi.
T b cha trung gian nc thi c bm vo thit b lc p lc (6) loi
b lng cn cn st li trong nc thi qu trnh x l c hon thin.
Nc thi sau x l s t tiu chun mi trng quy nh loi C theo TCVN
5945-2005, gii hn C v u u ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi tp
trung ca KCN Xuyn a v nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca ton
khu cng nghip.
Phn bn lng di y b lng s c x v sn phi bn, bn phi kh s
cho v bao v s hp ng vi n v c cha nng thu gom v x l.
b. Nc thi t nh v sinh
Nc thi t nh v sinh c thu gom v dn n b t hoi tp trung ti khu
vc nh my. B t hoi l cng trnh ng thi lm hai chc nng: lng v
phn hy cn lng. Cn lng gi li trong b t 3 -6 thng, di nh hng
ca cc vi sinh vt k kh, cc cht hu c b phn hy, mt phn to thnh
cc cht kh v mt phn to thnh cc cht v c ha tan. Nc thi lng
trong b vi thi gian di bo m hiu sut lng cao. Theo kinh nghim mi
ngi cn mt th tch b t hoi l 0,3m
3
. Vy tng th tch b t hoi dng
cho nh my khong 16,5 m
3
.
Trang 60

Hnh 4.2. B t hoi 3 ngn
Nc thi thot ra t b t hoi s c dn v h thng x l nc thi cc
b ca cng ty, x l t TCVN 5945:2005, gii hn C trc khi u ni vo
h thng thu gom nc thi tp trung ca KCN Xuyn .
c. Nc ma chy trn
trnh cc tc ng c hi ca nc ma chy trn ti mi trng v ngun
nc, Cng ty s tin hnh b tng ha ton b ng ni b v xy dng h
thng h ga thu gom v thot nc ma xung quanh nh xng, sau u
ni vo thng cng thot nc ma chung ca KCN Xuyn . Ti cc ca x
nc ma chy trn vo h thng cng thot nc ma chung phi lp t cc
song chn rc th v b lng cc tp rn l lng. Thng xuyn kim tra c
k hoch no vt bn trong b lng v v sinh song chn rc chng tc
nghn h thng thot nc ma.
4.1.2.6. Gim thiu tc ng do rc thi
t hiu qu kinh t, hp v sinh, qu trnh qun l v x l rc thi c
trit v gim nh th vic thu gom s tin hnh ng thi vi phn loi rc.
a. Thu gom v phn loi rc thi
t hiu qu trong vic thu gom v phn loi rc, nh my trang b 2 loi
thng rc c mu khc nhau vi qui nh c th:
- Cc thng mu xanh dng thu gom rc thi sinh hot nh rau c, v tri
cy, giy bao b thc phm,...
- Cc thng mu vng dng ch yu thu gom rc thi sn xut v mt
phn rc thi c th tn dng lm ph liu, bao gm cc loi: vi vn, giy
carton, nha, nilon,...
Cc thng rc s c t ti cc im cng cng trong khun vin nh my,
ti khu vc nh n tp th v ghi r chc nng mi ngi cng s dng.
Sau mi ngy lm vic, i v sinh ca nh my s i thu gom v vn chuyn
bng xe y tay v bi tip nhn tp trung rc trong nh my.
b. X l rc thi
Nh my s p dng cc bin php gim thiu lng cht thi rn pht sinh
Nc
vo b
Nc
ra
Trang 61
cng nh tin hnh phn loi rc ti ngun c cc bin php ti ch, ti s
dng, x l thch hp nh.
- Cht thi sinh hot:
Nh tnh ton chng 3, cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh hng ngy vi khi
lng khong 16,5 27,6 kg/ngy t hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn v
nhn vin, khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot ny s c thu gom bng cc
gi rc t ti cc phng lm vic, cc nh n tp th, v nhng ni cng cng
nm trong khun vin cng ty v s c tp trung ti nh cha rc ca cng
ty.
+ i vi cht thi rn d phn hy s hp ng vi cc n v mi
trng ti a phung thu gom v x l..
+ i vi cht thi rn c kh nng ti ch nh cc hp, lon, bao b
nylon, giy carton c thu gom v bn cho cc c s mua ph liu ti
a phng.
- Cht thi sn xut khng nguy hi:
Cht thi rn sn xut gm si ph thi, bi bng, vi vn c thu gom hng
ngy v tp trung vo thng rc thi tm thi, sau c phn loi cc dng
c th ti sinh v em bn cho cc c s ti ch di dng ph liu. Lng rc
cn li c nh my a cho cc c quan thu gom rc ti a phng x l
theo ng quy nh.
- Cht thi rn nguy hi
Vic phn loi, thu gom, lu tr v qun l cht thi nguy hi (CTNH) c
thc hin theo cc quy nh nh nc v qun l cht thi nguy hi: Thng t
s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT, Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP, Quyt nh s
23/2006/Q-BTNMT.
Bng 4.2. Thnh phn, m cht thi nguy hi v khi lng
STT Tn loi cht thi nguy hi M CTNH Khi lung
(kg/thng)
01 Cht thi t qu trnh h vi c cha dung mi
hu c
10 02 01
15
02 Phm mu v cht nhum thi c cha cc
thnh phn nguy hi
10 02 02
10
03 Bn thi c cha cc thnh phn nguy hi t
qu trnh x l nc thi
10 02 03
100
04 Bng n hunh quang thi v cc loi cht
thi khc c cha thu ngn
16 01 06 5
05 Cht hp th, vt liu lc (k c vt liu lc
du), gi lau, vi bo v thi b nhim cc
thnh phn nguy hi
18 02 01 5
Ngun: Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B TN&MT.
Trang 62
Bin php gim thiu:
- Thc hin ng k s ch ngun thi CTNH vi cc c quan c thm
quyn.
- CTNH s c thu gom tch ring, dng nhn phn bit vi nhng loi cht
thi rn sinh hot v cht thi khng nguy hi ca nh my v c a vo
nh cha lu tr theo ng quy nh.
- Hp ng vi cc n v c chc nng vn chuyn, thu gom v x l cht
thi nguy hi theo ng quy nh ca Nh nc hin hnh.
- Thng ng vt t nh ng ho cht, thuc nhum, x phng nc c
thu gom v tr li nh cung cp vo nhng t giao hng k tip
4.2 I VI S C MI TRNG
4.2.1 Gim thiu s c trong giai on xy dng
4.2.1.1 Phng nga v ng ph s c chy n
gim thiu nguy c chy n, d n s:
- Quy hoch khu vc cha nhin liu, c bo v, che chn, phun nc ti
m trong iu kin tri nng;
- Thng xuyn kim tra bo dng, m bo khng xy ra r r;
- C phng n, chun b sn cc phng tin, vt liu phng chy cha chy
v ng cu s c khi chy n xy ra.
- Cc bin php trn c tnh kh thi cao, tuy nhin c c hiu qu cao,
cc bin php s kt hp vi vic nng cao thc ca cng nhn v o to
ng cu cho cng nhn.
4.2.1.2 Gim thiu tai nn lao ng
Nhm m bo an ton lao ng cho cng nhn, d n s xy dng, ph bin
v yu cu cng nhn tun th trit cc quy nh an ton lao ng, ni quy
lao ng. Trong mt s lu c bit nh:
- Trc khi cu kt cu thp phi kim tra k cc v tr buc mc v bo m
cc dy cp cng u. Ch m bo khong cch an ton vi dy dn
ang mang in;
- Khi s dng dng c cm tay chy bng in hoc kh nn, cng nhn
khng ng thao tc trn cc bc thang ta m phi ng trn cc gi
bo m an ton. i vi cc dng c nng phi lm gi treo hoc phng
tin m bo an ton khc;
Trang 63
- Tun th tuyt i theo cc quy phm an ton v vn chuyn lp t v vn
hnh thit b in. Cng nhn vn chuyn lp t thit b in c o to
v cc quy nh v an ton vn chuyn v lp t thit b in;
- Di chuyn, lp t cc thit b in s dng dng c chuyn dng neo
buc, khng dng cc loi dy thp, cp xch buc cc b phn cch
in, cc tip im ca cc l chn ;
- Khi lp t cc kt cu trn cao s tun th theo quy tc an ton v trang
phc v ai bo him;
- Trc khi ng in th li in v thit b in s ngng tt c cc
cng vic c lin quan, ng thi ngi trong bung phn phi phi ra khi
khu vc nguy him;
- Cc thit b xy dng phi c ngt in khi khng s dng, gp s c,
mt in ngun trnh tai nn do t ngt c in li;
- Tt c cc thit b, cc kt cu thp s c h thng tip a v c ni vi
h thng tip a chung ca nh my, sau o th mt s im kim
tra;
- Khi xy ra chy do s c in, trc ht, cn bo ct in sau tun theo
quy trnh cha chy;
- Lp t cc bin cnh gii nguy him ti nhng ni cn thit;
- C cn b chuyn trch thng xuyn kim tra vic thc hin cc quy nh
v an ton lao ng trn cng trng.
Cc bin php gim thiu do lao ng trn cao:
- Khi lm vic trn cao, qun o phi gn gng, tay o phi bung v ci cc,
i m, i giy an ton, eo dy an ton. Khng c php i dp khng c
quai hu, giy inh, guc...
- Lm vic trn cao t 3m tr ln bt buc phi eo dy an ton, d thi gian
lm vic rt ngn. Dy eo an ton khng c mc vo nhng b phn di
ng nh thang di ng hoc nhng vt khng chc chn, d gy, d tut,
phi mc vo nhng vt c nh chc chn.
- Nhng ct ang dng d hoc dng xong cha t 24 gi th khng c
tro ln bt x s. Ch c tro ln tho dy chng khi mng c
24 gi v phi c eo an ton. Khi tro ln ct, ln thang phi t t, chc
chn, tp trung t tng, cm va tro va ni chuyn, nhn i ch khc.
Khi lm vic trn cao cm ni chuyn, a nghch.
- Khng c mang vc dng c, vt liu nng ln cao cng vi ngi. Ch
c php mang theo ngi nhng dng c nh nh km, tuc n vt, c l,
Trang 64
m lt, ba con,... nhng phi ng trong bao chuyn dng. Cm t cc
dng c vo ti qun, o phng ri xung u ngi khc.
- Dng c lm vic trn cao phi vo ch chc chn hoc lm mc treo
vo ct sao cho khi va p mnh khng ri xung t.
- Cm a dng c, vt liu ln cao hoc t trn cao xung bng cch tung,
nm m phi dng dy buc ko ln hoc h xung t t qua puly, ngi
pha di ng xa chn ct v gi mt u dy di.
Cc bin php nu trn hon ton c th thc hin c v c th mang li
hiu qu cao nu c tun th y do ph thuc kh nhiu vo thc t
gic v chp hnh ca cng nhn.
4.2.2 Gim thiu s c trong giai on vn hnh
4.2.2.1 An ton lao ng v v sinh lao ng
m bo cho ngi lao ng c quyn lm vic trong iu kin an ton, v
sinh, nng cao cht lng ca ngi s dng lao ng, Cng ty s thc hin
cc bin php sau:
- Trang b y cc dng c bo h lao ng nh khu trang chng bi, nt
nht tai chng n Tt c cc cng nhn trc tip sn xut, khi lao ng
phi thc hin theo qui nh;
- Thnh lp phng y t c th chm sc sc khe cng nhn ti ch cng
nh s cu kp thi trong trng hp c s c v an ton lao ng;
- T chc khm cha bnh nh k 1 nm/ln cho cng nhn vin lm vic
cho Cng ty (trong ch trng n cc bnh ngh nghip);
- Lp t thm h thng qut thng gi nhm m bo cc yu t vi kh hu
v iu kin lao ng t tiu chun do B Y t ban hnh m bo sc
kho cho ngi lao ng;
- Lp t thm h thng cc bin bo ti cc khu vc c nguy c xy ra tai
nn lao ng cao;
- Xy dng h thng bp n t tiu chun, cung cp cc thng tin v an ton
v sinh;
Bn cnh , thc hin theo php lnh bo h lao ng ca nh nc ban
hnh ngy 10/09/1991 v ch th s 195/CP 196/CP ngy 31/12/1994 cng
Ngh nh s 06/CP ngy 20/1/1994 ca Chnh Ph v vic trin khai v thc
hin php lnh bo h lao ng, Cng ty s thng xuyn kim tra thc chp
hnh k lut v an ton v v sinh lao ng vi nhiu hnh thc: va kim tra
ni b, va thng qua cc c quan chc nng.
Trang 65
4.2.2.2 Phng chng chy n
y l h thng chnh ca nh my, vn phng s xy dng bng b tng,
tng gch hoc bng st c sn, v th n c th ngn nga, hn ch ha
hon. Ngoi ra, thit k nh my v vn phng phi m bo nhng quy nh
v an ton ha hon. Cng ty s thnh lp i ng bo v giu k nng phng
nga ha hon cng vi lc lng cu ha.
Vic bo m an ton phng chy cha chy cho nh my l mt trong nhng
vn ht sc quan trng. hn ch thit hi v ngi v ca khi xy ra s
c chy n, cc bin php phng chng chy n nh my s p dng l:
- Trong sn xut dng cc cht khi u, cht m, cht n nh l cc ho
cht d phn hu, hoc d bay hi nn khi gp tia la in hoc tn la th
d bt chy nn cn cm ht thuc l phn xng sn xut, trnh khng
pht sinh tia la in. Cc dng c cha ng v thit b phn ng phi
kn, mi mt b phn sn xut u phai trang b bnh cha chy.
- Cc loi nguyn liu, dung mi d chy cn c cha v bo qun ni
thong, vi hng ro cch ly v c tng bao che ngn chn chy trn
lan khi c s c.
- Hn hp bi, dung mi/khng kh c kh nng gy chy khi t nng
nht nh v c tc nhn pht la gy chy hoc ngun nhit pht ra do bt
cn, do ma st, do ng c in, tip im in... Chnh v vy, khi xy
dng cn quy nh r khu nh kho, khu tr du m bo v sinh cng
nghip, gn sch khi vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, v khi lp t thit b cn
thit phi thc hin h thng thng gi gim nng cht gy chy,
gim nhit khng kh cng nh cch ly cc bng in, t in iu
khin...ng thi cn lu tip t cho cc thit b.
- H thng cp in cho kho v h thng chiu sng bo v c thit k c
lp, an ton, c b phn ngt mch khi c s c chp mch trn ng dy
ti in.
- Cc thit b in phi tnh ton tit din dy dn hp l, ph hp, phi c
thit b bo v qu ti. Ni c nhit cao phi i ng dy dn ngm
hoc phi c bo v. Tt c my mc phi c dy ni t m bo in
tr tip t < 2 m;
- D n s lp t cc h thng bo chy, n hiu v thng tin tt, cc thit
b v phng tin phng chy hiu qu;
- Cng nhn hoc cn b vn hnh phi c hun luyn v thc hnh thao
tc ng cch khi c s c v lun lun c mt ti v tr ca mnh, thao tc
v kim tra, vn hnh ng k thut.
Trang 66
- Tin hnh sa cha my mc thit b nh k. Trong nhng trng hp c
s c, cng nhn vn hnh phi c hng dn v thc tp x l theo qui
tc an ton.
- Xy dng cc bng hng dn quy trnh nghim ngt trong vic bo tr, sa
cha cc thit b my mc ti cc khu vc sn xut;
Bin php c th:
- Cng tc phng chy cha chy:
+ Trong cc khu vc sn xut u c trang b y dng c phng chy
cha chy m bo theo ng cc quy nh ca Vit Nam v phng chng
chy n.
+ B tr cc s thot him ti khu vc mi ngi quan st thy;
+ Cc my mc, thit b c l lch km theo v c o c theo di thng
xuyn cc thng s k thut;
+ Thng xuyn kim tra cc bin bo, bin cm la, ni quy PCCC,
phng tin PCCC;
+ T chc thng xuyn cc t tp dt cha chy cho cng nhn, nu chi
tit cc nhim v m ngi lao ng cn thc hin khi xy ra s c chy
n.
+ Thu li bng h thng thu li trn nc mi nh, h thng thu li ny sau khi
thit k v thi cng phi kim tra c th R < 10;
+ B tr h thng bnh bt, bnh CO
2
theo quy nh c th m bo an ton
tuyt i.
- Chy do dng in qu ti: trnh hin tng qu ti in, cc bin php
sau s c p dng:
+ Khi thit k s chn tit din dy dn ph hp vi dng in;
+ Khi s dng khng c dng thm qu nhiu dng c tiu th in c
cng sut ln nu mng in khng tnh c n vic dng thm nhng
dng c ;
+ Ch kim tra nhit cc my mc thit b khng nng qu mc qui
nh;
+ Nhng ni cch in b dp, nha cch in b bin mu l nhng ni d
pht la khi dng in qu ti cn c thay dy mi;
+ Khi s dng mng in v cc my mc thit b phi c nhng b phn
bo v nh cu ch, role
Trang 67
- Phng chng chy do chp mch: phng chp mch, Cng ty c th p
dng cc bin php sau:
+ Khi mc dy in, chn v s dng my mc thit b in phi theo ng
tiu chun k thut an ton nh dy in trn pha ngoi nh phi cch
nhau 0,25 m;
+ Nu dy dn tip xc vi kim loi s b mn, v vy cm dng inh, dy
thp buc gia dy in;
+ Cc dy in ni vo phch cm, ui n, my mc phi chc v gn, in
ni vo mch r hai u dy nng v ngui khng c trng ln nhau.
- Phng chng chy do ni dy khng tt (lng, h)
phng chng chy do ni dy khng tt, cc im ni dy phi ng k
thut. Khi thy ni qun bng dnh b kh v chy sng th phi kim tra ngay
v ni cht li im ni. Khng c co ko dy in hay treo cc vt nng
ln dy. ng dy dn in, cc cu ch, cu dao khng b g, nu b g th
ni g l ni pht nhit ln.
- Bin php cha chy thit b in:
Trong m chy, in bao gi cng c nh chp sng xanh ca tia la in,
mi kht ca ozone khng kh hoc mi kht do chy cc v cch in. Thit
b in chy thng khng chy to nhng nguy him, v nu khng dp tt kp
thi s gy chy nh xng, thit b, vt t khc. Cn phi ngt ngun in
cc thit b in trc khi tin hnh cha chy, nu chy nh c th dng bnh
CO
2
. Khi m chy pht trin ln, ty tnh hnh c th m quyt nh
phng php cha chy thch hp.
Khi ngt in, ngi cha chy phi c trang b cc dng c bo h nh so
cch in, bc cch in, ng, gng tay v ko ct in. Nhng dng c ny
phi ghi r in p cho php s dng.
4.2.2.3 H thng chng st
Mt h thng cc kim thu st v dy chng st s bo v st nh trc tip cho
cc kt cu cng trnh v thit b. S b tr v kch thc ca h thng ny s
c tnh ton t c phm vi bo v cn thit v cc yu cu khc ca
nh my. i tng bo v chng st nh thng bao gm ton b cc cng
trnh xy dng khu nh my, cc bn cha du, ng khi
Cc bin php phng chng, ng cu s c c xy dng da trn thc t
vn hnh ca cc nh my hin hu nn mang tnh kh thi v t hiu qu cao.
Mc quan tm v thc chp hnh ngim chnh cc bin php l yu t
quyt nh n hiu qu ca cc phng n ny.
Trang 68
4.2.2.4 Gim thiu s c trong vn hnh h thng x l nc thi
Vi tnh cht ca d n th lng nc thi sn xut l ln v nng cht
nhim cao nn khi c s c xy ra s gy tc ng nghim trng n mi
trng nh trnh by trong chng 3. V vy trnh nh hng do s c
i vi trm x l nc thi, d n p dng cc bin php sau:
- m bo vn hnh h thng theo ng quy trnh c hng dn;
- Vn hnh v bo tr cc my mc thit b trong h thng mt cch thng
xuyn theo ng hng dn k thut ca nh cung cp; cc thit b quan
trng phi c d tr thay th khi c s c.
- Lp h s gim st k thut cc cng trnh n v theo di s n nh
ca h thng, ng thi cng l to ra c s pht hin s c mt cch
sm nht;
- Ly mu v phn tch cht lng mu nc sau x l nhm nh gi hiu
qu hot ng ca h thng x l, nh k 3 thng/ln nhm pht hin cc
s c kp thi iu chnh;
- Cng nhn vn hnh h thng x l nc thi phi c trnh chuyn
mn v c o to nm vng k thut vn hnh.
Nu nh hng do s c khng th khc phc c th d n s tm thi
ngng sn xut ng thi, bo ngay cho nh cung cp, hoc c quan c chc
nng v mi trng cc s c c bin php khc phc kp thi. Cng ty ch
c sn xut tr li khi khi chnh sa xong v vn hnh c h thng s
thng x l nc thi.
Trang 69
CHNG 5 CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST
MI TRNG
5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG
5.1.1 C cu t chc thc hin
Cng ty TNHH TMDV SX Dng Tm l ch d n v chu trch nhim thc
hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng bt li n mi trng v x hi
nh nu trong Chng 4, m bo thc hin cc tiu chun v cc quy nh
hin hnh v mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh cng trnh.
Bng 5.1. T chc thc hin
Vai tr Trch nhim T chc
Ch d n Chu trch nhim trin khai c th, bao gm cc hot ng:
Chu trch nhim iu phi, lp k hoch v qun l vic
trin khai chung ca d n bao gm c hng dn v ch
o trin khai k hoch qun l, quan trc v gim st
mi trng trong cc giai on hot ng ca d n
Chu trch nhim vn hnh d n, k c thc hin cc
chng trnh qun l, quan trc v gim st mi trng
trong giai on vn hnh.
iu phi vi cc i tc khc v gc cc hot ng
qun l mi trng
T chc gim st, theo di vic thc hin k hoch qun
l, quan trc v gim st mi trng
Cp ngn sch cho cc hot ng quan trc
Bo co v thng tin mi trng cho cc c quan qun l
c thm quyn.
Cng ty TNHH
TMDV SX
Dng Tm
T vn do Ch
d n hp ng
Chu trch nhim trc Ch d n son tho Bo co
nh gi tc ng mi trng v ng k t tiu chun
mi trng, thc hin tham vn cng ng.
Cty CP t vn
v xy dng
Long Chu
Gim st nh
thu xy dng
do Ch d n
hp ng
Chu trch nhim gim st cc n v trc tip xy dng
trong khi xy dng, thc hin cc bin php bo v mi
trng, k c trin khai cc hot ng qun l mi trng
theo k hoch qun l v quan trc, gim st mi trng .
Gim st c
chn bi Ch
d n
Cc nh thu
xy dng
Chu trch nhim v cng vic xy dng v tun th cc
quy nh i vi nh thu trong k hoch qun l v quan
trc, gim st mi trng
i. p dng cc bin php gim thiu trong thi cng
ii. m bo an ton cho cng nhn xy dng v dn
a phng trong khi thi cng
iii. Tun th cc lut, chnh sch ca nh nc v bo
v mi trng khi xy dng
Nh thu c
chn bi Ch
d n
Trang 70
5.1.2 Qun l mi trng
Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm s phn cng cn b ph trch cng tc qun l
mi trng, vi chc nng t chc, gim st, theo di cng tc quan trc, kim
tra cc h thng kim sot nhim mi trng, c bit l vn nc thi, kh
thi v bo co nh k cho cp c thm quyn.
Chng trnh qun l mi trng ca nh my s c kt hp vi BQL cc
Khu cng nghip tnh Long An, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Ban iu hnh
KCN Xuyn . Thng qua s phi hp cht ch ca n v qun l v vn
hnh nh my vi cc c quan chc nng s tc ng tch cc n vic bo v
mi trng v pht trin kinh t x hi.
5.1.3 H thng bo co
Bng 5.2. H thng bo co mi trng
BO CO CP 1 BO CO CP 2
LOI BO
CO
T n nh k T n nh k
Gim st mi
trng hng
nm
K thut
ph trch
mi trng
ca nh
my
Cng ty
TNHH
TMDV SX
Dng Tm
Mi qu
Cng ty
TNHH
TMDV
SX Dng
Tm
BQL cc
Khu CN tnh
Long An,
Ban iu
hnh KCN
Xuyn
Na nm
5.1.4 Chng trnh qun l mi trng
Chng trnh qun l mi trng c trnh by trong bng 5.3:
Bng 5.3. Chng trnh qun l mi trng
STT Ngun gy
tc ng
i tng
b tc ng
nh gi tc ng Bin php gim thiu C quan
gim st
A. Giai on xy dng
1 Hot ng
ca cc
phng tin
c gii thi
cng, vn
chuyn vt
liu xy
dng
Mi trng
khng kh
Ting n, bi v
kh thi t cc
phng tin giao
thng c gii s
gy ra nhng tc
ng tiu cc i
vi mi trng
khng kh.
- S dng cc phng
tin vn chuyn chuyn
dng cn hn s dng.
Ph bat kn trong qa
trnh vn chuyn
- Phun nc xung quanh
d n.
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn /
Ch d n
Mi trng
khng kh
Cc hot ng thi
cng s to ra ting
n v bi nh
hng n cht
lng mi trng
khng kh trong
khu vc.
- Xy dng tng ro
khu vc cng trng
hn ch ting n, bi t
d n ra khu vc xung
quanh.
- Cng nhn c trang
b bo h lao ng.
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn /
Ch d n
2 Xy dng
cc hng
mc cng
trnh ca d
n

Mi trng
nc, mi
trng t
Ti cc khu vc
xy dng, thi cng,
o p, b tng
- Khng thi cht thi
rn (cht thi xy dng,
ct ,) v du cn
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Trang 71
STT Ngun gy
tc ng
i tng
b tc ng
gim st
, nc ma
thng cun theo
t, , cht thi
xy dng vo khu
vc ln cn lm
nhim cht lng
nc v t.
ca thit b xy dng
vo ngun nc.
- B tr cc kho cha
nguyn vt liu ti v tr
an ton.

Xuyn /
Ch d n
Mi trng
nc, mi
trng t,
cnh quan
t nhin v
sc kho
cng ng
Rc thi sinh hot
ca mt lng
ng lao ng trn
cng trng nu
khng c thu
gom v thi ng
quy nh s gy
nhim mi trng
nc, t.
Lng nc thi
sinh hot ca cng
nhn nu khng
c thu gom v
x l thch hp s
lm nhim mi
trng nc.
- Cht thi rn sinh hot
s c thu gom hng
ngy, tp trung ti khu
vc tp kt rc. Ch d
n/nh thu s hp
ng vi Ban iu hnh
KCN Xuyn x l
lng rc thi sinh hot
ny.
- Ti cng trng, b tr
nh v sinh di ng c
b t hoi cho cng
nhn v ban ch huy
cng trng.
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn /
Ch d n
3 Tp trung
ng lc
lng lao
ng phc
v thi cng

Vn ho,
kinh t x
hi ca a
phng, v
y t cng
ng
Lc lng lao
ng t ni khc
n s xo trn np
sng ca dn a
phng, tng nguy
c xy ra mu
thun gia cng
nhn xy dng vi
dn a phng.
- S dng v o to lao
ng a phng cho
nhng cng vic thch
hp.
- Xy dng ni quy v
qun l k lut i vi
tt c cc cng nhn
lm vic trn cng
trng.
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn /
Ch d n
4 Chy n, tai
nn lao
ng, tai
nn giao
thng
Cng nhn
xy dng,
ngi dn
khu vc d
n
S c r r du,
nhin liu c kh
nng gy chy n.
Tai nn lao ng
v tai nn giao
thng l cc nguy
c c kh nng xy
ra.
- Quy hoch khu vc
cha nhin liu.
- C phng n, chun b
sn cc phng tin,
vt liu phng chy
cha chy v ng cu
s c khi chy n xy
ra.
- Xy dng, ph bin v
yu cu cng nhn tun
th cc quy nh an
ton lao ng v ni
quy lao ng.
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn /
Ch d n
B. Giai on vn hnh
1 Hot ng
ca nh my
Mi trng
khng kh
Bi bt mu, ha
cht ph gia dng
kh trong qu trnh
xut nhp kho v
pha ch thuc
nhum.
Bi bng, si to ra
- Nh my phi ht sc
ch n bin php
thng thong, trang b
qut ht, v sinh nh
xng thng xuyn;

- My ht bi nh k.
BQL cc
khu cng
nghip
tnh Long
An/ Ban
iu hnh
KCN
Xuyn
Trang 72
STT Ngun gy
tc ng
i tng
b tc ng
gim st
do hot ng ca
cc my dt.
Kh thi ca qu
trnh t nhin liu
ca cc l hi, l
du cng sy,
chnh hnh vi sau
nhum.
Kh thi ti cc
khu cng sy nh
hnh sau nhum l:
hi nc, hi axit,
hi thuc nhum,
hi cht mu.

- Lp t h thng x l
kh thi cho ni hi, ni
du.
Mi trng
nc
Nc thi sn xut
sinh ra trong qu
trnh dt nhum v
nc v sinh nh
xng, my mc
thit b cha cc
ha cht dt
nhum, cht hu
c, cc cht rn l
lng, cc cht cn
b, cht to mu v
du m
- Nc thi sn xut s
c thu gom v a
v trm x l nc thi
cc b ca nh my.
Nc thi sau x l t
gii hn C, TCVN
5945-2005 s c u
ni vo h thng thu
gom nc thi tp trung
ca Khu a v nh
my x l nc thi
ca ton KCN Xuyn
.
BQL cc
khu cng
nghip
tnh Long
An/ Ban
iu hnh
KCN
Xuyn
Mi trng
nc
Nc thi sinh hot
ca cng nhn vn
hnh nu khng
c thu gom, lng
lc v x l trc
khi thi ra ngoi s
gy nhim ngun
nc.
- Nc thi sinh hot ca
cng nhn vn hnh s
c x l s b bng
b t hoi, sau s
c a v trm x l
nc thi cc b ca
nh my. Nc thi sau
x l t gii hn C,
TCVN 5945-2005 s
c u ni vo h
thng thu gom nc
thi tp trung ca Khu
a v nh my x
l nc thi ca ton
KCN Xuyn .
BQL cc
khu cng
nghip
tnh Long
An/ Ban
iu hnh
KCN
Xuyn
2 Hot ng
ca cng
nhn vn
hnh
Mi trng
t
Pht sinh rc thi
sinh hot trong qu
trnh vn hnh.
Nu khng c
thu gom v tp
trung ti ni quy
nh s gy
nhim t.
- Tt c cc b phn
trong nh my u
c trang b gi thu
rc, thun li cho
vic thu gom v phn
loi rc ti ngun.
- Hng ngy s c thu
gom, tp trung ti khu
vc tp kt rc. Nh
my s hp ng vi
vi cc n v thu gom
a phng vn
chuyn v x l lng
S
TNMT/
Chnh
quyn a
phng
Trang 73
STT Ngun gy
tc ng
i tng
b tc ng
gim st
rc thi sinh hot ny.
3 Thi cht
thi rn sn
xut
Mi trng
nc, t,
khng kh
Cht thi rn t
qu trnh sn xut
bao gm si ph
thi,vi vn...
Cht thi nguy hi:
cn ha cht
nhum, bn thi t
h thng x l
nc thi, du m
... Cc loi cht
thi ny s gy tc
ng n mi
trng nghim
trng nu khng
c thu gom v
x l.
- i vi cht thi trong
qu trnh sn xut c
thu gom thc hin
thng xuyn v
ng ni quy nh.
- Lng bn cn t qu
trnh x l nc thi v
bn no vt cng rnh
c ht i v x l
nh k.
- Cht thi nguy hi s
hp ng vi cc n
v c chc nng thu
gom v x l
BQL cc
khu cng
nghip
Long An/
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn
4 S c chy
n
Nhn vin
vn hnh v
mi trng
xung quanh
S c chy n c
th xy ra ti khu
bn cha DO, kho
cha nguyn nhin
liu s gy tc
ng nghim trng
n con ngi v
mi trng xung
quanh.
- B tr khu vc cha
du ni an ton;
- D n s lp t cc h
thng bo chy, n
hiu v thng tin tt,
cc thit b v phng
tin phng chy hiu
qu;
- Tin hnh kim tra v
sa cha my mc thit
b nh k.
BQL cc
khu cng
nghip
Long An/
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn
5 Tai nn lao
ng
Nhn vin
vn hnh
Trong qu trnh
vn hnh, sa cha
v bo dng cng
trnh, cc ti nn
lao ng c th xy
ra nu cc cng
nhn vin khng
chp hnh nghim
chnh cc quy nh
an ton.
- Khm sc khe nh k
sm pht hin cc
bnh bao gm bnh
ngh nghip.
- Cng nhn lm vic
phn xng c pht sin
hiu bi v ting ns
c trang b cc trang
thit b bo h lao
ng.
- Gio dc v nh k
kim tra k thut an
ton.
BQL cc
khu cng
nghip
Long An/
Ban iu
hnh
KCN
Xuyn
5.1.5 Kinh ph thc hin cc cng trnh x l mi trng
Chi ph cho cng tc bo v mi trng bao gm:
- Cng trnh x l nc thi sinh hot bng b t hoi: c tnh khong
20.000.000ng.
- Cng trnh thu gom v x l rc thi: h thng cc thng thu gom rc v chi
ph vn chuyn n ni chn lp rc thi c tnh khong 40.000.000 ng.
Trang 74
- Chi ph xy dng h thng x l nc thi: 2 t.
- Chi ph xy dng h thng x l kh thi: 0,8 t.
- Chi ph vn hnh h thng x l nc thi v kh thi: 10 triu/thng.
- Khng ch s c mi trng: tm tnh khong 50.000.000ng
5.2 CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG
Cng ty s kt hp vi cc c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng tin
hnh gim st nh k cht lng mi trng, nhm mc ch kim sot, bo
v v gim st nhim mi trng. Tnh trng mi trng s c thng
xuyn theo di, s liu s c lu tr ti cng ty v gi bo co v cho Ban
Qun l cc khu cng nghip Long An v S Ti nguyn v mi trung.
V tr gim st mi trng th hin trn hnh 5.1.
5.2.1 Gim st mi trng
a. Gim st mi trng khng kh: 4mu
- Khng kh xung quanh:
- V tr gim st: 1 mu nm cui hng gi ch o.
- Thng s gim gim st: bi, SO
2,
NO
2,
CO, Ting n
- Tn sut: 6 thng/ ln
- Tiu chun so snh: TCVN 5937:2005, TCVN 5949:1998.
- Kh thi trong mi trng lao ng:
- V tr gim st: 02 mu xng dt v nhum.
2,
NO
2,
CO, Ting n, rung, m,
nhit , nh sng.
- Tiu chun so snh: TCVS 3733/2002/Q-BYT
- Kh thi ti ngun::
- V tr gim st: 01 Ti ming ng khi sau khi qua h thng x l
kh thi.
2,
NO
2,
CO.
- Tiu chun so snh: TCVN 5939:2005 (K
p
=1, K
v
=1)
b. Gim st cht lng nc thi:1 mu
- V tr gim st: ti h ga u ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi
tp trung ca KCN Xuyn .
Trang 75
- Thng s gim gim st: pH, SS, BOD
5,
COD, Coliforms, NO
3
-
, As,
Pb, Cr
6+
, mu.
- Tiu chun so snh: TCVN 5945:2005 (K
q
=1, K
f
=1,1)
c. Gim st cht thi rn
Gim st cht thi rn sinh hot v cht thi rn sn xut (bao gm c cht thi
nguy hi) trong qu trnh lu gi, vn chuyn v x l ng theo quy nh vi
tn sut 4 ln/nm;
d. Gim st khc:
- Gim st sc khe nh k hng nm cho cng nhn vin (1 nm/ln);
- Thng xuyn theo di cng tc vn hnh, bo tr thit b ca nh my;
- Thng xuyn kim tra h thng x l nc thi;
- Thng xuyn kim tra v vn hnh th h thng bo ng s c v t
ng ngng h thng m bo chng c th hot ng khi c s c.
5.2.2 D tr kinh ph gim st, quan trc mi trng
a. Gim st mi trng khng kh: 4mu
Bng 5.4. Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh xung quanh
STT Thng s n gi
(ng)
S mu
(mu)
Tn s gim st
(ln/nm)
Tng cng
(ng)
01 Bi 20.000 1 2 40.000
02 SO
2
300.000 1 2 600.000
03 NO
2
300.000 1 2 600.000
04 CO 300.000 1 2 600.000
05 Ting n 20.000 1 2 40.000
Tng cng 940.000 1.880.000

Bng 5.5. Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh trong mi trng lao ng
STT Thng s n gi
(ng)
S mu
(mu)
Tn s gim st
(ln/nm)
Tng cng
(ng)
01 Bi 20.000 2 4 160.000
02 SO
2
300.000 2 4 2.400.000
03 NO
2
300.000 2 4 2.400.000
04 CO 300.000 2 4 2.400.000
05 Ting n 20.000 2 4 160.000
Trang 76
06 nh sng 20.000 2 4 160.000
07 Rung 20.000 2 4 160.000
08 Nhit 20.000 2 4 160.000
09 m 20.000 2 4 160.000
Tng cng 1.020.000 8.160.000

Bng 5.6. Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng khng kh ti ngun
Stt Thng s n gi
(ng)
S mu
(mu)
Tn s gim st
(ln/nm)
Tng cng
(ng)
01 Bi 20.000 1 4 80.000
02 SO
2
300.000 1 4 1.200.000
03 NO
2
300.000 1 4 1.200.000
04 CO 300.000 1 4 1.200.000
Tng cng 920.000 3.680.000
b. Gim st cht lng nc thi:1 mu
Bng 5.7. Kinh ph dnh cho gim st cht lng nc thi
STT Thng s n gi
(ng)
S mu
(mu)
Tn s gim st
(ln/nm)
Tng cng
(ng)
01 pH 30.000 1 4 120.000
02 Mu 50.000 1 4 200.000
03 BOD 80.000 1 4 320.000
04 COD 80.000 1 4 320.000
05 SS 50.000 1 4 200.000
06 NO
3
-
50.000 1 4 200.000
07 Cr
6+
80.000 1 4 320.000
08 As 80.000 1 4 320.000
09 Pb 60.000 1 4 240.000
10 Tng Coliform 60.000 1 4 240.000
Tng cng 620.000 2.480.000
c. Gim st khc:
- Cc hot ng gim st khc: 2 ln/nm x 2.000.000 = 4.000.000 /nm

Trang 77
Hnh 5.1. V tr gim st mi trng
Trang 78
CHNG 6 THAM VN KIN CNG NG
Cn c theo khon 4 iu 1 ca Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008
ca Chnh ph v sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP
ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi
hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng, do d n nm trong Khu cng
nghip Xuyn thuc x M Hnh Bc huyn c Ha tnh Long An nn d
n nm trong trng hp khng phi ly kin ca UBND cp x v i din
cng ng dn c ni thc hin d n.

Trang 79
KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT
1. KT LUN
Trn c s phn tch ngun gc gy nhim, nh gi mc nhim v
xem xt cc bin php khng ch nhim, phng chng s c mi trng cho
Nh my dt nhum Dng Tm rt ra mt s kt lun sau y :
Hot ng sn xut ca nh my to ra sn phm dt nhum cung ng
cho th trng trong v ngoi nc;
To vic lm n nh cho 55 lao ng ti nh my vi thu nhp cao;
V cng tc bo v mi trng, bo m sc khe ngi lao ng vi
cc trang b v my iu ha khng kh v thng gi.
Kh thi t vic t l hi, l du c a qua h thng x l kh thi
t TCVN 5939:2005 (Kp=1, Kv=1) trc khi thi ra mi trng xung
quanh.
Nc thi sinh hot c x l s b bi h thng b t hoi v cng vi
nc thi sn xut x l ti trm x l nc thi cc b ca cng ty t
tiu chun nuc thi cng nghip TCVN 5945:2005 loi C, nc thi sau
x l s c u ni vo h thng thu gom nc thi ca KCN trc
khi a v h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca Khu cng nghip
Xuyn ;
Gy nhim mi trng do nc thi sinh hot, nc thi sn xut, cht
thi rn...Ngoi ra cc s c mi trng c th xy ra bt c lc no nu
khng c cc bin php khng ch v phng chng.
Cc nguyn nhn gy nhim sinh ra trong qu trnh hot ng ca nh
my gy nh hng nhim mi trng khu vc xung quanh.
Cng tc phng chng cc s c mi trng, an ton v sinh, chy n
lun lun c quan tm v coi trng;
2. KIN NGH
Do cc tc ng ca hot ng sn xut ca Nh my dt nhum ti mi
trng c th kim sot v gim thiu c, ng thi vic xy dng d n l
ht sc cn thit v mang li li ch kinh t cho tnh Long An ni chung v
huyn c Ho ni ring, kin ngh Ban Qun l cc KCN Long An xem xt
ph duyt TM ca d n, to iu kin thun li d n trin khai thc
hin.
Trang 80
3. CAM KT
a. Ch d n cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu
nu trong chng 4; ng thi, cam kt thc hin tt c cc bin php, quy
nh chung v bo v mi trng c lin quan n qu trnh trin khai,
thc hin d n.
b. Ch d n cam kt vic xy dng v vn hnh cc hng mc ca d n
tun theo cc quy nh v tiu chun v mi trng Vit Nam hin hnh.
c. Cc cng trnh x l nhim s c tin hnh xy dng trong qu trnh
thi cng cng trnh v m bo c xy dng hon chnh trc khi d n
i vo hot ng.
d. Chng trnh quan trc, gim st mi trng v chng trnh o to v an
ton mi trng s c thc hin trong thi gian thi cng v vn hnh.
Kinh ph cho cc cng trnh x l, gim st mi trng v tp hun s
c ch u t d n m bo.
e. Thc hin gim st cht lng mi trng nh k 4 ln/nm (ring khng
kh xung quanh 2 ln/nm). Kt qu gim st s c lu tr ti cng ty v
gi kt qu v cho ban Qun l cc KCN Long An; S Ti nguyn v Mi
trng
f. Thc hin u ni nc thi ca cng ty vo h thng thu gom nc thi
ca KCN Xuyn v ng ph nc thi theo ng quy nh.
g. Tun th cc quy nh v bo v mi trng do KCN Xuyn ban hnh
v p dng trong phm vi ca KCN ny.
h. ng k ch ngun cht thi nguy hi vi cc c quan c thm quyn
c cp s qun l cht thi nguy hi.
i. Ch d n cam kt khng s dng cc loi ha cht, chng vi sinh b cm
theo quy nh ca Vit Nam v cc cng c quc t.
j. Ch d n cam kt trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, nu vi phm cng
c quc t, cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam v xy ra cc s c
mi trng th Ch u t d n hon ton chu trch nhim trc php
lut Nc Cng ho X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam.
PL

PH LC

Ph lc 1: Cc vn bn php l lin quan n ph duyt d n
(giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh, giy chng nhn (hoc ch
trng ng tip nhn u t), Qph duyt TM v QHCT
KCN Xuyen , Ph lc hp ng thu li t, mt bng tng th
ca d an, cc tiu chun mi trng p dung
Ph lc 2: Phiu kt qu phn tch mi trng khu vc d n
Ph lc 3: Cc hnh nh khu vc d n

Trang PL-1

PH LC 1
CC VN BN PHP L
LIN QUAN N PH DUYT D N

Trang PL-2

PH LC 2
PHIU KT QU PHN TCH MI TRNG KHU VC D N

Trang PL-3

PH LC 3
CC HNH NH KHU VC D N V HNH NH LY MU MI
TRNG NN

DTM - Det Nhuom - Dung Tam

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Cng ty TNHH TM DV SX Dng Tm Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng

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