Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Outline
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Slabs
Columns
Flat Slab Design of Flat Slab Rectangular Columns Design of Rectangular Columns Design of Shear Walls Pile Group Design of Pile Group
Shear walls
Foundations
Objectives
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The Objectives of the Project are: Carrying out a complete analysis and design of the main structural elements of
Summary
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General Approach
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storey building.
Types of building
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Apartment building
Apartment
buildings are multi-story buildings where three or more residences are contained within one structure. primary purpose of an office building is to provide a workplace and working environment for administrative workers.
Office building
The
Residential buildings
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Office buildings
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Concrete Mixtures
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Concrete is a durable material which is ideal for many jobs. The concrete mix should be workable. It is important that the desired qualities of the hardened concrete
Structural Elements
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Any reinforced concrete structure consists of : Slabs Columns Shear walls Foundations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Defining properties
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Slab thickness = 23 cm Concrete compressive strength = 30 MPa Modules of elasticity of concrete = 200 GPa Yielding strength of steel = 420 MPa Combination of loads (1.4Dead Load + 1.6 Live Load)
ACI 318-02
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combinations of the prescribed load cases for which the structure needs to be checked. 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
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Columns
It is a vertical structural member supporting axial
compressive loads, with or with-out moments. Support vertical loads from the floors and roof and transmit these loads to the foundation.
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Types of column
Tied Columns Over 95% of all columns in building in non-seismic regions are tied columns Spiral Columns Spiral columns are generally circular. It makes the column more ductile.
Spiral column Rectangular column
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The limiting steel ratio ranges between 1 % to 8 %. The concrete strength is between 25 MPa to 45 Mpa. Reinforcing steel strength is between 400 MPa to 500 Mpa.
Design procedure
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1. Calculate factored axial load Pu 2. Select reinforcement ratio 3. Concrete strength = 30 MPa, steel yield strength = 420 MPa 4. Calculate gross area 5. Calculate area of column reinforcement, As, and select rebar number and size.
Columns to be designed
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Long Reinforcement
Min. bar diameter 12 Min. concrete covers 40 mm Min. 4 bars in case of tied rectangular or circular Maximum distance between bars = 250 mm
Least of:
(16)diameter of long bars least dimension of column (48)diameter of ties
dc
Asp
Column Design
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As = 0.01Ac
8- # of bars =
Reinforcement of Columns
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Shear walls
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lateral wind loads which acts parallel to the plane of the wall.
Shear walls
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Wind results in a pressure on the surface of the building Pressure increases with height
Positive Pressure, acts towards the surface of the building Negative Pressure, acts away from the surface of the building (suction)
Wind pressure
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q = Velocity pressure (Wind speed, height and exposure condition) G = Gust factor that depends on the building stiffness Cp = External pressure coefficient
G =0.85
on the L/B Ratio L/B = 18.84 m /26.18 m = 0.719 < 1 then , Cp = -0.5
Velocity Pressure
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V = 160 km/h Kz = To be determined from the equations Kzt = 1 (level terrain adjacent to the building not on hill) Kd = 0.85 (rectangular building) I = 1 (use group II)
Important factor
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1 0.85
G Cp (windward) Cp (leeward) B (m) Kz 0.85 0.8 -0.5 26.18 qz (kn/m2)
9.5 274.32 1 0.85 1 Tributary Height (ht ) 1.75 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4
145 km/h
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1.36 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.14 1.09 1.03 0.95 0.85
1.150225 1.129849 1.107994 1.084391 1.058688 1.030406 0.998873 0.963092 0.921495 0.871364 0.807270 0.715176
Level
Height (z) m
Tributary Height (ht ) m 1.75 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4
Kz
qz (kn/m2)
Design Wind Pressure(KN/m^2) Design Wind Force (KN) wind ward lee ward wind ward lee ward Total (qz G CP) (qb G CP) (qz G CP)(B)(ht ) (qb G CP)(B)(ht (floor level) ) 0.782153 0.768297 0.753436 0.737386 0.719908 0.700676 0.679233 0.654903 0.626617 0.592527 0.548944 0.486320 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 -0.488846 35.834345 70.399094 69.037332 67.566683 65.965161 64.202965 62.238149 60.008720 57.416871 54.293292 50.299721 50.927427 -22.396465 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -44.792931 -51.191921 sum 58.230810 115.192025 113.830262 112.359614 110.758092 108.995896 107.031079 104.801650 102.209802 99.086222 95.092651 102.119348
Moment (KN.m) 2503.924826 4550.084972 4097.889443 3651.687445 3211.984664 2779.395349 2354.683748 1938.830531 1533.147032 1139.491559 760.7412106 459.5370657
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1.36 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.14 1.09 1.03 0.95 0.85
1.150225 1.129849 1.107994 1.084391 1.058688 1.030406 0.998873 0.963092 0.921495 0.871364 0.807270 0.715176
1229.707452 28981.39785
B= 18.84
L= 26.18
Level Height (z) m Tributary Height (ht ) m 1.75 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 4 Kz qz (kn/m2) Design Wind Pressure(KN/m^2) Design Wind Force (KN) wind ward lee ward wind ward lee ward Total (qz G CP) (qb G CP) (qz G CP)(B)(ht ) (qb G CP)(B)(ht ) (floor level) 0.7821531 0.7682974 0.7534359 0.7373860 0.7199079 0.7006763 0.6792333 0.6549025 0.6266165 0.5925275 0.5489438 0.4863200 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 -0.48885 25.7875879 50.6615328 49.6815633 48.6232356 47.4707271 46.2025923 44.7886449 43.1842734 41.3190931 39.0712612 36.1973543 36.6490728 -16.1172424 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -32.2344849 -36.8394113 sum 41.9048304 82.8960177 81.9160482 80.8577205 79.7052120 78.4370772 77.0231298 75.4187583 73.5535780 71.3057461 68.4318392 73.4884841 884.9384415
Moment (KN.m) 1801.907705 3274.392699 2948.977735 2627.875916 2311.451149 2000.145469 1694.508855 1395.247028 1103.30367 820.0160796 547.4547138 330.6981787 20855.9791983
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1.36 1.34 1.31 1.28 1.25 1.22 1.18 1.14 1.09 1.03 0.95 0.85
1.150225 1.129849 1.107994 1.084391 1.058688 1.030406 0.998873 0.963092 0.921495 0.871364 0.807270 0.715176
Interaction Diagram
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Foundations
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Pile foundation
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cant resist the loads coming from our proposed building, so we have to choose pile foundation.
Weak soil
Bearing stratum
Pile foundation
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concrete or timber.
Function of piles
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foundation is:
To transmit a foundation load to a solid ground To resist vertical, lateral and uplift load
Piles can be
Concrete piles
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General facts
Usual length: 10m-20m Usual load: 300kN-3000kN
Advantages
Corrosion resistance Can be easily combined with a concrete superstructure
Disadvantages
Difficult to achieve proper cutoff Difficult to transport
Pile foundation
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2.
Friction Piles
When no layer of rock is present depth at a site, point bearing piles become very long and uneconomical. In this type of subsoil, piles are driven through the softer material to specified depths.
Pile caps carrying very heavy point loads tend to produce high
Resistance to tensile bending forces in the bottom of the cap Resistance to vertical shear
Rs = Cu As .L
Length of pile penetration L = 18 meters Adhesion factor of soil (clay) = 0.8 Untrained shear strength Cu = 50 Diameter = 0.9 m For piles with diameter 0.9 m Rs = 2035.75 KN
First type
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only vertical load, and the equation used to determine the resistance of cap is
Qi Pi = n
Where
P Q n is the strength of the pile cap per one pile is the total force acting on the pile cap is the number of piles used to support the pile cap
Column 1 2 8 10 21 23 24 25 30 32
Reaction Total Reaction kN 129.63 246.85 382.66 393.38 458.35 400.85 627.74 384.14 158.3 355.26 kN 1555.56 2962.2 4591.92 4720.56 5500.2 4810.2 7532.88 4609.68 1899.6 4263.12
Reaction = 4610.4 kN Pile diameter = 0.9 m Capacity for one pile = 0.8 * 50 * 18 * * 0.9 = 2035.75 KN Need 3 piles Length between piles = (2*0.3) + (3*0.9) + (2*0.9)*2 =6.9 m Width = 1.5 meters Q Pi = i = 1536.8 kN Actual forces on each pile =
n
Second type
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Second type
This section shows how pile caps are designed to carry
vertical load and lateral loads ( Bending Moment), and the equation used to determine the resistance of cap is
Qi M i r Pi = 2 n r
P= P=
Q Mr n r2
12285.6 14072.11561* (1.909) So, PCapacityof Pile = 2035.75 KN 8 24.6762 12285.6 14072.11561* (4.26) P= So, PCapacityof Pile = 2035.75 KN 8 24.6762
Economical impact
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solution in the UAE. the most affordable solution for multistory building such as the one we are making the analysis and design for.
Environmental impact
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Gantt Chart
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Conclusion
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project We are able to use structural software ( SAFE ) We have practiced real life engineering practices This GP enables us to go into the market with an excellent background regarding design of RC At this point, we would like to thank all instructors, engineers, and Al Ain Consultant Office for their grateful effort.
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