Chuyn 1: CU TO NGUYN T DANG 1: BI TP V THNH PHN NGUYN T, ION 23 35 40 80 Bi 1. Hy xc nh s e, s p, s n, tng s ht ca cc nguyn t sau: 11 Na ; 17 Cl ; 20 Ca ; 35 Br . Bi 2.

. Nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 82, trong s ht ntron nhiu hn s ht electron l 4 ht. Tm s lng mi loi ht, xc nh s khi v vit k hiu ca nguyn t X trn? Bi 3. Tng s cc loi ht c bn trong nguyn t Y l 48, trong s ht mang in nhiu gp hai ln s ht khng mang in. a) Tm s lng mi loi ht b) Xc nh s khi, in tch v khi lng ht nhn nguyn t Y? Bi 4. a) Mt nguyn t A c tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t l 34 ht. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t. Hy m t cu to ca nguyn t . b) Mt nguyn t B c tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t l 52 ht. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t. Vit k hiu ha hc ca B. c) Mt nguyn t C c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 58 ht. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t. Nguyn t C l kim loi hay phi kim? Bi 5. Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z c s ht proton ln lt l ba s l lin tip v tng s cc ht electron ca ba nguyn t l 39. Hy cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca ba nguyn t ny. Bi 6. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong hai nguyn t kim loi A v B l 142, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B nhiu hn ca A l 12. Xc nh hai kim loi A, B. Bi 7. Cho hai nguyn t X, Y c tng s ht l 76, trong tng s ht mang in ln hn tng s ht khng mang in l 24. S ht mang in ca Y ln hn s ht mang in ca X l 18. Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca X, Y. Bi 8. Hy xc nh s e, s p, s n, in tch ht nhn, s khi, tng s ht ca cc ion sau: 14 3 32 2 35 27 3+ 63 2+ a) 7 N ; 16 S ; 17 Cl . b) 13 Al ; 29 Cu . Bi 9. Mt ion X2- c tng s ht l 50. S ht p bng s ht n. Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t ca X. Bi 10. Tng s ht c bn c trong mt cation X3+ bng 37 ht. Hy xc inh tn nguyn t X. Bi 11. Phn t XY c tng s ht l 42; phn t XY 2 c tng s ht 66. Hy xc nh s khi ca Y bit rng trong nguyn t Y, s ht proton bng s ht ntron. Bi 12. Phn t XY3 c tng s ht l 177; tng s ht mang in ln hn tng s ht khng mang in l 55; s ht mang in ca Y ln hn s ht mang in ca X l 88. X, Y l kim loi hay phi kim? Ti sao? Bi 13. Oxit ca kim loi M c cng thc l M2O. Tng s cc loi ht c bn trong phn t M2O l 92, trong 16 s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 28. Oxi trong oxit M2O l 8 O. Xc nh s hiu, s khi v k hiu nguyn t ca M. Bi 14. a) Tng s ht c bn c trong mt phn t X 3 bng 72 ht. Hy xc inh tn nguyn t v tn ca phn t X3. b) Tng s ht c bn c trong mt phn t X 2 bng 56 ht. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t. Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca X2. Bi 15. Mt hp cht ion A to t ion M2+ v X2-. Tng s ht trong phn t A l 60. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 20 ht. S ht mang in ca ion X 2- t hn ca ion M2+ l 4 ht. Hy cho bit trong ion M2+ c bao nhiu ht mang in ? DANG 2: BI TP V NG V Bi 1. Hiro c ba ng v l 1H , 2H v 3H . Oxi c ba ng v l 16O , 17 O v 18 O . Trong nc t nhin, loi 8 8 1 1 1 8 phn t nc c khi lng phn t nh nht, ln nht l bao nhiu? Bi 2. Tnh thnh phn phn % v s lng cc ng v ca cacbon. Bit cacbon trong t nhin tn ti hai ng v bn l 12C v 13C v khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca cacbon l 12,011. Bi 3. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Ag l 107,87, trong t nhin bc c hai ng v, trong ng v 109 Ag chim hm lng 44% v s lng. Xc nh s khi ca ng v cn li. 1

Bi 4. ng trong t nhin gm c hai ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. a) Tnh phn trm hm lng ca ng v 63Cu. b) Tnh s nguyn t 65 Cu c trong mt thanh Cu nng 6,354 gam. c) Tnh phn trm khi lng ca 63Cu trong Cu(OH)2.5H2O. Bi 5. Oxi c ba ng v l 16O, 17O v 18O. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca oxi bit phn trm cc ng v tng ng l x1, x2 v x3 tha mn: x1=1,5x2 v x1-x2=21x3. Bi 6. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v m s nguyn t c t l 27:23. Ht nhn th nht c 35 proton v 44 ntron. Ht nhn ca ng v th hai hn ng v th nht 2 ntron. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca X. Bi 8. Ho tan 4,84 gam Mg kim loi bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,4 gam kh hiro. a) Xc khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Mg. b) Kim loi Mg cho trn bao gm hai ng v trong c ng v 24Mg. Xc nh s khi ca ng v cn li bit t s v s lng ca hai loi ng v l 4:1. Bi 9. Khi lng nguyn t ca hiro iu ch t nc l 1,008. Trong t nhin hiro c hai ng v ph bin l 1 2 1 H v 1 H. Hy cho bit: a) Thnh phn phn trm mi ng v. 2 b) C bao nhiu nguyn t 1 H trong 0,02 gam kh hiro? DANG 3: BI TP VIT CU HNH ELECTRON Bi 1. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t c Z=20 v Z=35, t hy cho bit: a) S lp electron. b) S electron trong mi lp. c) Lp ngoi cng c bn vng hay khng? D on tnh cht ho hc tiu biu ca n. Bi 2. Cho bit phn lp electron ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t nh sau: a) 4s2 b) 3p6 c) 4f2 d) 5d3 Vit cu hnh e y ca cc nguyn t trn. T cho bit nguyn t no l KL, PK hay kh him? Bi 3. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t trong cc trng hp sau: a) Nguyn t A c s electron phn lp 3d ch bng mt na s electron phn lp 4s. b) Nguyn t B c 3 lp electron vi 7 electron lp ngoi cng. c) Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z c s electron l ba s nguyn lin tip, tng gi tr ca chng l 39. Bi 4. Vit cu hnh electron ca Cr (Z=24); Cu (Z = 29) v Ag (Z=47). C nhn xt g? Bi 5. Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s1. Vit cu hnh electron y ca X v suy ra s ht proton trong ht nhn nguyn t. Bi 6. (A-2008) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t: Na = 11; Al = 13; P = 15; Cl = 17; Fe = 26) A. Al v Cl. B. Al v P. C. Na v Cl. D. Fe v Cl. 22+ 6 Bi 7. Anion X v Y u c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 3p . Vit cu hnh electron ca hai nguyn t X, Y. Bi 8. Vit cu hnh electron ca Cu, Cu+, Cu2+. Bit ZCu=29+. Bi 16. Kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht c bn trong ion M2+ l 78. a) Tnh s ht c bn trong M. b) Vit cu hnh electron ca M, M2+, M3+. + Bi 9. Kim loi X to ra cation X , phi kim Y to ra anion Y2-. Tng s ht proton trong ht nhn 2 nguyn t l 27. S ht e trong X+ nhiu hn trong Y2- l 8 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca X, X+, Y, Y2-? Bi 10. C hai kim loi A v B, tng s cc loi ht proton, ntron, electron trong c 2 nguyn t A v B l 122 ht. Nguyn t B c s ht ntron nhiu hn s ht ntron trong A l 16 v s proton trong A ch bng na s proton trong B. S khi ca A3+ nh hn ca B2+ l 29u. a) Xc nh s ht c bn trong nguyn t A, B. b) Vit cu hnh electron ca A, B, A3+, B2+ 3+ Bi 11. (B-2010) Mt ion M c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l 5 1 6 2 6 1 3 2 A. [Ar]3d 4s . B. [Ar]3d 4s . C. [Ar]3d 4s . D. [Ar]3d 4s . 2