Giao trnh PLC S7-200

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1. GIOI THIU PLC S7-200

The S7-200 series is a line of micro-programmable logic controllers (Micro PLCs) that can
control a variety of automation applications. Figure 1-1 shows an S7-200 Micro PLC. The
compact design, expandability, low cost, and powerful instruction set of the S7-200 Micro PLC
make a perfect solution for controlling small applications. In addition, the wide variety of CPU
sizes and voltages provides you with the flexibility you need to solve your automation problems.


PLC SIEMENS th h S7-200 la PLC loai nho (Micro PLC), co th iu khin ha ng
loat cac ng dung kha c nhau trong t ng hoa. (Hnh 1-1). Vi cu truc nho gon, co kha
nng m rng, gia re va mt tp lnh manh, PLC S7-200 la mt li giai hoan hao cho ca c
bai toan t ng loai nho. Thm vao o la s phong phu v chung loai, kch c cung nh
cac thng s v in (in ap AC, DC, dong, . . .) cang cho phep ngi s dung c ng
hn trong vi c giai quyt cac vn t ng cu a mnh.
Noi v ca c chung loai phong phu cua PLC S7-200, chung ta da trn nhiu tiu ch
kha c nhau:
Ngun nui: in ap mt chiu 24V, in ap xoay chiu 220V, 110V.
u vao 24VDC: sink & source.
u ra 24VDC hoc R le.
Cac b x ly trung tm (CPU) khac nhau: S7-210, 212, 214, 215, 216, 221, 222,
224.


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Sau y la bang so sanh cac CPU thng dung nh t:

Dc trung ky thut CPU 221 CPU 212 CPU 222
B nh chng trnh 4 kB 1 kB 4 kB
B nh d liu 2 kB 1 kB 2 kB
Backup s liu 50 gi 50 gi 50 gi
Thi gian thc hin 1024
lnh nh phn
0.37 ms 1.2 ms 0.37 ms
X ly s thc co khng co
iu khin PID co khng co
S b nh thi 256 64 256
S b m 256 64 256
B m tc cao 4x30kHz 1x2kHz 4x30kHz
S ngt thi gian 2 (1-255ms) 1 (5-255ms) 2 (1-255ms)
S ngt ph n cng 4 1 4
S u vao / ra co sn 6/4 8/6 8/6
S module cc ai 0 2 2
S u vao / ra c c ai 6/4 40/38 24/22
S u vao / ra tng t
c c ai
0/0 6/4 12/10
u ra xung 2x20kHz 0 2x20kHz
Cng truyn thng 1xRS485 1xRS485 1xRS485
Chit ap tng t 1 1 1
Thi gian thc tuy chon khng tuy chon
Kch thc (mm) 90x80x62 160x80x62 90x80x62
Trong lng (kg) 0.27/0.31 0.39 0.27/0.39

Dc trung ky thut CPU 214 CPU 224 CPU 215 CPU 216
B nh chng trnh 4 kB 8 kB 8 kB 8 kB
B nh d liu 4 kB 5 kB 5 kB 5 kB
Backup s liu 190 gi 190 gi 190 gi 190 gi
Thi gian thc hin 1024
lnh nh phn
0.8 ms 0.37 ms 0.8 ms 0.8 ms
X ly s thc co co co co
iu khin PID co co co co
S b nh thi 128 256 256 256
S b m 128 256 256 256
B m tc cao 1x2kHz, 6x30kHz 1x2kHz, 1x2kHz,
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2x7kHz 2x20kHz 2x20kHz
S ngt thi gian 2 (5-255ms) 2 (1-255ms) 2 (5-255ms) (5-255ms)
S ngt ph n cng 4 4 4 4
S u vao / ra co sn 14/10 14/10 14/10 24/16
S module cc ai 7 7 7 7
S u vao / ra c c ai 62/58 62/58 62/58 64/64
S u vao / ra tng t
c c ai
12/10 12/10 12/10 12/10
u ra xung 2x4kHz 2x20kHz 2x4kHz 2x4kHz
Cng truyn thng 1xRS485 1xRS485 2xRS485 2xRS485
Chit ap tng t 2 2 2 2
Thi gian thc co co co co
Kch thc (mm) 197x80x62 120x80x62 218x80x62 218x80x62
Trong lng (kg) 0.49 0.36/0.41 0.58 0.58

Cac thanh phn cua mt h thng vi S7-200:



Ring S7-200 Micro PLC co th bao gm mt mnh S7-200 CPU hay co ca ca c
module m rng.
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S7-200 CPU


S7-200 CPU tng hp ca b x ly trung tm, b ngun nui va mt s cac u vao
ra tao nn mt thit b co th hoat ng c lp.
CPU thc thi chng trnh va lu gi d liu trong toan b qua trnh iu khin.
CPU co th c tng cng thm ca c u vao ra cung nh cac u vao ra tng
t bng ca ch cm thm ca c module m rng.
B ngun nui cung cp cho ban thn CPU cung nh tt ca ca c module m rng.
Cac u va o oc tn hiu t ca c thi t b ca m bin (nh cac u do va cac cng
tc); Cac u ra iu khin ca c thit b chp hanh nh m t, van, bm, . . .
Cng truyn thng cho phep kt n i PLC vi thit b lp trnh hoc ca c thit b
kha c (v du cac PLC kha c).
Cac en hi u trn CPU thng bao trang thai CPU (v du ang ch RUN hay
STOP), trang thai ca c cng vao ra, l i h thng.
Mt s CPU co sn ng h thi gian thc, mt s khac co th b sung tnh nng
nay bng ca ch c m CARTRIDGE thi gian thc.
CARTRIDGE EEPROM cung c p kha nng lu gi chng trnh cung nh
chuyn (copy) chng trnh t CPU nay sang CPU kha c.
CARTRIDGE pin cho phep tng cng thi gian lu tr d liu trong b nh
RAM.





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Cac Module mo rng






2. SU DUNG PLC S7-200

Lp t PLC trong h thng:


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PLC s dung ngun nui xoay chiu:

[a] Cng tc ngt ngun cho CPU, toan b ma ch vao va ra cu a PLC.
[b] Thit b chng qua dong cho CPU, ca c ma ch vao va ra. Co th s dung cu ch ring
cho tng phn (CPU, ma ch vao, ma ch ra) ba o v tt hn.
[c] Bao v qua dong cho ma ch va o khng c n thit nu cac u vao s dung ngun
24VDC do PLC cung cp. Ngun nay (goi la ngun ca m bin) a c thit k chng
ngn ma ch.
[d] Ni u u mat cua PLC vao im ni t g n nht chng nhiu. Tt ca cac u
u mat trong mt h thng nn c u vao cung mt im. Tt nh t nn s dung dy
14 AWG hay dy 1.5 mm.
[e] Ngun 24VDC do PLC cung c p (ngun ca m bin) co th c s dung cho ma ch ca c
u vao.
[f] Ngun 24VDC do PLC cung c p (ngun ca m bin) co th c s dung cho ma ch ca c
u vao m rng.
[g] Ngun 24VDC do PLC cung cp (ngun cam bin) co th c s dung nui ca c
module ra m rng.
(Ngun cam bin nay a c thit k chng ng n ma ch.)
[h] Trong a s cac trng hp, ni t u M cu a ngun cam bin 24VDC nay la mt
trong nhng cach chng nhiu tt nht.

PLC s dung ngun nui mt chiu:
[a] Cng tc ngt ngun cho CPU, toan b ma ch vao va ra cu a PLC.
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[b] Thit b bao v qua dong cho CPU.
[c] Thit b bao v qua dong cho ma ch vao.
[d] Thit b bao v qua dong cho ma ch ra.
[e] Cn a m bao ngun mt chiu co u c ng cn thit nht la trong ca c trng hp
tai thay i (ong ngt u ra). Nu cn phai u thm tu i n ngoai.
[f] Trong a s ca c trng hp, ni t u m cu a tt ca ca c ngun 24VDC la mt trong
nhng cach chng nhiu tt nht.
[g] in tr cho phep dong in ro chay qua chng hin t ng tch in tnh (thng
co gia tr khoang 1M). Tu in chng cac nhiu hai b c cao (thng co gia tr khoang
4700 pF).
[h] Ni u u mat cua PLC vao im ni t gn nht chng nhiu. Tt ca cac u
u mat trong mt h thng nn c u vao cung mt im. Tt nh t nn s dung dy
14 AWG hay dy 1.5 mm.
Ch s dung ngun cung cp 24VDC co ca ch in tt vi li in xoay chiu
cung nh v i ca c ngun in kha c.

Mt s cach u ni nhm bao v tt cac u ra cua PLC:
Bao v cac u ra 24V mt chiu (Transistors)

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Bao v r le ong ngt dong in m t chiu


Bao v r le ong ngt dong in xoay chiu



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3. BT DU LP TRINH CHO S7-200

Trong chng mt, chung ta a bit v mt h thng vi S7-200 (Hnh 1-2). Mt h
thng nh vy gm 03 phn:
S7-200 PLC
May vi tnh (PC) hay Thit b lp trnh c cai t phn m m STEP 7 - Micro /
Dos, Win 16 ho c Win 32.
Cap ni chuyn dung.
Chung ta a im qua ca c CPU S7-200 thng dung nht: CPU 212, 214, 215, 216,
221, 222, 224.
Xet hai ph n m m mi nht, phn m m STEP 7 - MicroWin 2.1 (16 bits) ch lp trnh
c cho ca c CPU 212, 214, 215, 216. T y ch noi v phn mm l p trnh STEP 7 -
MicroWin 3.0 chay trn mi trng 32 bits, co nhiu tnh nng manh va lp trnh c
cho tt ca ca c loai CPU S7-200 n thi im na y. Yu cu cu hnh may vi tnh:
- 586 tr ln, 16MB RAM. Ti thiu la 486 vi 8MB RAM.
- H iu hanh 32 bits: Windows 85, Windows 98 ho c Windows NT 4.0.
- Man hnh VGA tr ln.
- t nht 50MB trng trn a cng.
- Nn co chu t.
- Cap ni PC/PPI (c m va o cng COM1 hay COM 2) hoc CP Card.
Cai t ph n mm n gian vi lnh Run... [drive:]\setup (drive ch a m m ho c
CD ROM). Chu y chon ngn ng s dung (Anh, c, Phap, Ty ban nha hay Y).

Ni CPU S7-200 voi PC bng cap PC/PPI

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Chon tc truyn (baud rate) tng ng vi PLC va PC (thng thng 9.6K)
bng DIP switch. Nu co v tr s 5 th chon 11 BIT va DCE.

Dt cu hinh cho cap PC/PPI

Trong c a s STEP 7 - MicroWin 32, nhp chut ln biu tng
Communications hoc chon Menu View > Communications. Trn hp i thoai xut
hin (Communications Setup), nhp up ln biu tng PC/PPI Cable. Xut hin hp
thoai Setting the PG/PC Interface, chon nut Properties va kim tra ca c tham s.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
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Kt ni voi CPU S7-200

Trong c a s STEP 7 - MicroWin 32, nhp chut ln biu tng
Communications hoc chon Menu View > Communications. Trn hp i thoai xut
hin (Communications Setup), nhp up ln biu tng Refresh. CPU ang c kt
ni (va c cp ngun) se xut hin nh mt biu tng. Co th nhp u p ln biu tng
nay kim tra ca c thng s cua PLC tng ng.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
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Dt cu hinh truyn thng cho CPU S7-200


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Trong ca s STEP 7 - MicroWin 32, nhp chut ln biu tng System Block
ho c chon Menu View > System Block. Trn hp i thoai xut hin (System Block),
chon trang Port(s) xem va thay i ca c tham s truyn thng.




4. CO BAN TRONG LP TRINH VOI S7-200

4.1 Tng quat

Khi tin hanh thit k mt h thng s dung PLC S7-200, ngi thit k nht thit
phai lam quen vi nhng c trng c ban nht cu a CPU s p dung. Th hai la phai tun
thu ca c nguyn t c cu a n v vn hanh cung nh cu a iu kin thc t. Khng xem nh
iu bt bu c nhng y chung ti xin a ra mt s khuyn cao chung nht cho ngi
thit k vi S7-200.
Phn chia h thng phai thit k tha nh nhng thanh phn nho nht co mc c l p
nht nh. Tin hanh thit k tng phn nho mt.
Vi mi tha nh phn c lp, xa c nh s u va o ra; m ta cach thc hoat ng ( u
ra theo u vao); trang thai bn cu a mi b phn chp hanh gn vi u ra (trang
thai luc h thng phai thit k a u ni nhng cha hoat ng cua ca c m t, van, . .
.); m ta hnh thc vn hanh (nut b m, en hiu, . . .); cui cung la ca ch giao tip vi
cac thanh phn khac.
Thit k b phn an toa n: y noi n vn u ni phn cng nh m a m bao an
toan trong nhng trng hp bt thng, c bi t phai lng trc ca c trng hp co
th gy nguy him cho tnh mang con ngi hay gy thit hai ln v vt cht. Thng
thng y la b phn in c hoat ng c lp vi PLC. Trc ht phai thng k
nhng b phn chp ha nh nao co th gy mt an toan, trong nhng trng hp na o.
Cn chu y nhng trng hp mt va co in lai, trng hp CPU b treo, b li. PLC
nn co thng tin t b phn an toan nay va tnh phng pha p x ly thch hp.
Thit k giao din vn ha nh: v tr, ca ch lp t cac nut bm, en hiu, . . . b tr hp
ly trn toan cu c h thng va kt ni hp ly vi PLC.
Hoan thanh ban ve thit k: phn b c ho c cu a ca c chi tit; s u ni in.
t tn cho cac u vao ra cung nh cac a ch trung gian va tao thanh mt bang.
M hnh phng thc hoat ng cu a mt chng trnh trn PLC kha n gian: CPU
oc trang thai ca c u vao; Chng trnh x ly, cp nht ca c thng s theo cac u vao va
thut toan l gic nh s n; CPU xut tn hiu ra ca c u ra theo kt qua tao ra bi chng
trnh.
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Sau y la minh hoa mt v du chng trnh n gian:



4.2 Ngn ngu lp trinh

Se khng chnh xac nu noi rng co 03 ngn ng lp trnh thng dung cho PLC,
nhng y chung ta tam dung ch ngn ng ch mi trng (editor) lp trnh cho
PLC. 03 ngn ng thng dung o la:
Statement List (STL)
Ladder Logic (LAD)
Function Block Diagram (FBD)
Vi S7-200, mi ngn ng co th s dung tp l nh SIMATIC hay tp l nh theo
chun IEC 1131-3, ring STL ch co th s dung tp lnh SIMATIC. Chung ta se cp
n vn nay sau, trc ht noi v ca c ngn ng:



Statement List (STL)
Sau y la mt v du nho: mt chng trnh S7-200 vit bng STL.

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STL cho phep tao chng trnh bng ca ch vit tng cu lnh, khac vi hai ngn
ng kia la dang hoa. Chnh v th trong STL co th vit nhng chng trnh ma trong
hai ngn ng con lai khng vit c, bi v no sat vi ngn ng may hn, khng b gii
han bi ca c qui tc hoa. STL thng danh cho cac lp trnh vin giau kinh nghim.
Trong v du trn chung ta cung d da ng nhn th y STL co nhiu net tng t ngn
ng lp trnh Assembler. Mt khai nim rt quan trong trong STL la Ngn xp (Stack),
khai nim nay khng co trong LAD va FBD. Ngn xp trong STL v kch thc nho hn
nhiu so vi khai nim ngn xp trong Assembler, ch bao g m 09 bits. Tuy nhin no la i
ong vai tro ln hn, anh hng ti s thc hin cu a hu ht ca c lnh va ca c lnh cu ng
lun tac ng ti ni dung ngn xp. Ta se xet ky v ngn xp khi i vao ca c lnh cu th
trong STL.

Nh trn a nu, STL thng danh cho ca c lp trnh vin gia u kinh nghi m; STL
co th giai quyt c mt s vn khng th giai quyt d dang trong LAD va FBD;
STL ch co th s dung vi tp lnh SIMATIC; Moi chng trnh vit bng LAD hay
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
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FBD u co th chuyn v xem va sa trong STL nhng khng phai tt ca nhng chng
trnh vit trong STL u co th xem bng LAD ho c FBD.



Ladder Logic (LAD)
Mt chng trnh vit trong LAD r t ging vi mt s in, chinh v th ma
y la ngn ng c rt nhiu ngi la chon khi lp trnh cho PLC noi chung. Chng
trnh thng c chia thanh nhiu phn nho, rt d hiu va tng i c lp go i la
rung hay network. Nhng thanh phn c ban cua mt chng trnh trong LAD la ca c
tip im (contacts) - ai din cho ca c u vao nh nut bm, tip im, iu kin, . . . cac
cun dy (coils) - a i din cho cac u ra nh en, van, cun hut, . . va ca c hp (box) -
c trng cho cac phep tnh, cac b nh thi, cac b m, . . .

Nhng ly do chnh LAD c yu thch la: d hiu cho ngi mi bt u; d
s dung va thng dung trn toan th gii; bao gm tp lnh SIMATIC va ca IEC 1131-3;
d dang chuyn sang da ng STL.



Function Block Diagram (FBD)


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V du chng trnh trong FBD cho thy no rt ging vi mt s ma ch in t
s dung ky thut s. o cung chnh la mt u im cu a FBD, ngoai ra FBD bao g m ca
tp lnh SIMATIC va IEC 1131-3 va d dang chuyn sang dang STL.




4.3 Phn bit SIMATIC voi IEC 1131-3

Tp lnh SIMATIC c thit k da nh cho S7-200 PLC. Tp lnh nay co ve ring
va hoat ng cung co hi khac so vi ca c tp l nh danh cho cac loai PLC khac. Tuy nhin
hu ht cac loai PLC trn th gii u s dung nhng tp lnh co rt nhi u net tng ng
nh tp lnh nay, vi i net kha c bit nho gi a cac nha san xut PLC kha c nhau. i vi
S7-200, cac lnh SIMATIC la ti u v mt thi gian (thc hin nhanh nht). Ngoai ra tp
lnh SIMATIC s dung c trong ca ba ngn ng STL, LAD va FBD.
Tp lnh IEC 1131-3, i lai, tun thu theo ung chun qui nh bi Uy ban Ky
thut in Quc t (International Electrotechnical Commission). Uy ban nay la mt t
ch c co hoa t ng rng rai cung nh co uy tn cao trn th gii. Trong vai nm tr lai
y, cung vi s phat trin manh me cu a PLC, IEC c gng a ra mt chun chung
nh m thng nht ca c nha san xut PLC khp ni trn toan c u, xy d ng mt tp lnh
co hnh th c cung nh cach hoat ng ging nhau cho mo i loai PLC, tao d dang cho
ngi s dung.
Nh vy, t p lnh IEC 1131-3 b gii han trong s ca c lnh chung nht cua ca c
nha san xut PLC kha c nhau trn th gii. Nhiu lnh bnh thng trong SIMATIC khng
con la lnh chun trong h IEC 1131-3. Tt nhin, ngi s dung vn co th dung nhng
lnh nay trong IEC 1131-3 nh ca c lnh ngoai chun, nhng khi o chng trnh khng
con hoan toa n tng thch vi chun IEC 1131-3 na.
Mt s lnh trong IEC 1131-3 ch p nhn nhiu dang d liu. V du lnh cng s
hoc trong SIMATIC co nhiu kiu lnh: ADD_I cng ca c s nguyn, ADD_R danh
cho cac s thc; Trong khi o ch co mt lnh cng ADD trong IEC 1131-3, lnh nay t
ng kim tra dang d liu cua ca c toan hang va bin dch thanh lnh thch hp cho CPU.
iu nay, cu ng c goi la overloading, tit kim thi gian qu gia cho ngi lp trnh.
Cac li cu phap t hn trong IEC 1131-3 v dang d liu c t ng kim tra.
Tom lai vi tp lnh theo chun IEC 1131-3, ngi s dung d dang hn trong
vic lam quen vi PLC noi chung. S lnh c s dung cung t hn, tuy nhin ca c lnh
SIMATIC vn co th c s dung. Nhiu lnh khac vi nhng lnh tng ng trong
SIMATIC nh ca c b nh thi, b m, ca c lnh nhn, chia, . . . Cac lnh trong IEC
1131-3 co th co thi gian thc hin lu hn. Cac lnh na y ch co trong LAD va FBD
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(khng ap dung c trong STL). IEC 1131-3 ch nh rng phai nh ngha dang d liu
cho ca c bin va cung cp kha nng kim tra tnh hp l cu a ca c bin.
Trong ni dung tai liu nay chung ta se khng i su hn v vn ang nu ma
ch im qua mt s kha i nim c ba n. Trc ht la nhng da ng d liu c ban:


Co 03 m c kim tra tnh hp l cu a d liu: kim tra cht che (strong data type
checking), kim tra n gian (simple data type checking) ho c khng kim tra (no data
type checking). Trong IEC 1131-3 ap dung m c kim tra cht che con trong SIMATIC
ch kim tra n gian. Kim tra cht che ngha la dang d liu phai tuyt i phu hp,
thng th mi lnh yu cu ung mt loai d liu nao o va iu nay phai c ap ng
(tt nhin khng k trng hp cac lnh overloading nh a nu trn). Trong khi o
kim tra n gian ch kim tra dung lng b nh cua bin (s bit ma bin o chi m), v
du bin dang WORD (khng du) va dang INT (co du) khng b phn bit v u chim
16 bit trong b nh. Lu y trong kim tra n gian, dang REAL vn c phn bit ring
du cung chim 32 bit nh cac dang DWORD va DINT. Khng kim tra dang d liu ap
dung cho ca c bin chung (global) trong SIMATIC, v du VD100 chi m 32 bit co th c
hiu nh DWORD, DINT hay REAL.
Sau y la ca c dang d liu tng hp:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
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Vi c kim tra tnh hp l cu a d liu hay khng kim tra ong vai tro rt quan
trong. V du trong ca c l nh so sanh s nguyn (>I, <I), nu s dang WORD c hiu la
s dang INT th PLC co th cho rng 40000 nho hn 1.
Do vi c kim tra tnh hp l cua d liu trong IEC 1131-3 va SIMATIC khac
nhau nn khng th chuyn i chng trnh gia hai dang lnh nay c. Cn pha i la
chon mt t p lnh duy nht s du ng ngay t u, khi bt u tao chng trnh.
Nh trn co nhc n ca c lnh overloading, sau y la mt v du n gian v
vic kim tra dang d li u cho nhng lnh nay: ta thc hin lnh cng ADD hai toan hang
IN1 (dang INT) va IN2 (dang WORD), lu kt qua vao OUT (dang INT). Trong IEC
1131-3 se bao li bin dch (kim tra cht che) con vi kim tra bnh thng th lnh trn
c hiu la lnh ADD_I (cng s nguyn). Khi kim tra bnh thng (n gian), lnh
cng ADD hai s 40000 va 1 se cho kt qua la mt s m ch khng phai la 40001.
Mt iu cu ng nn nh c n la cac lnh overloading s du ng ca ch anh a ch
gian tip. Do ca ch anh a ch gian tip khng xa c nh dang d liu cua toan hang nn
lnh thc hin t xac nh theo dang cua ca c toan ha ng con lai. Khi khng lam c iu
nay (toan a ch gian tip hay s dung accumulator chng ha n) th se bao li bin dch.
iu cui cung cn noi n trong phn nay la vic chuyn dang d liu. Tn tai
cac lnh ring chuyn s liu t dang nay sang dang kha c, chng han chuyn s -5
(dang INT) thanh -5.00 (dang REAL). Mt ca ch chuyn da ng d liu kha thng dung la
bng lnh overloading MOVE, cho phep chuyn s liu khac dang nhng cung kch
thc (chi m cung s bit trong b nh, v du nh INT va WORD, DWORD va DINT).
Ghi chu: Nhng vn lin quan n cac lnh cu th, hay xem thm phn giai
thch v nhng lnh o (Chng 8 Tp lnh SIMATIC va Chng 9 Tp lnh IEC 1131-3)
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
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4.4 Cu tru c chuong trinh

Sau y la mt chng trnh v du:

Cu truc m t chng trnh trong PLC kha n gian, chng trnh c tao thanh
t 03 thanh phn c ba n: mt chng trnh chnh (main program); co th co mt hay
nhiu chng trnh con (subroutines); cac chng trnh con x ly ngt (interrupt routines)
co th co ho c khng.
Chng trnh chnh bao gm ca c lnh iu khin ng dung. Cac lnh na y c
thc hin tun t mt ca ch lin tu c, c mi vong quet mt ln. Khai nim vong
quet xem phn tip theo (4.5).
Cac chng trnh con, co th co ho c khng tuy yu cu, ch c th c hin
nu c go i n t chng trnh chnh.
Cac chng trnh con x ly ngt (co th co ho c khng) c thc hi n khi
xay ra s kin gn vi ngt tng ng. S kin o co th la s thay i mc
mt u va o, b nh thi m u hay nhn c d liu trn cng truyn
thng, . . .

4.5 Vong quet

Cac lp trnh vin trn may vi tnh thng quen vi ca c loai cu truc chng trnh
nh: chng trnh kiu dong lnh (Assembler, Basic); chng trnh kiu cu truc (C,
Pascal); chng trnh hng i tng (Visual Basic, C, Pascal for Windows). Cac kiu
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 21
chng trnh nay thng thng ho c kt thuc sau khi thc hi n, ho c tip tuc mt cu truc
vong lp na o o ch tng tac vi ngi s dung. Chng trnh trong PLC cung co th
bao gm ca c cu truc vong lp nhng khng phai vi muc ch nh trn. Chng trnh
trong PLC nhn chung ging dang chng trnh kiu dong lnh, o ca c lnh c thc
thi mt ca ch tun t. Tuy nhin mt chng trnh trong PLC se c t ng thc hin
mt ca ch tun hoan. C mt ln chng trnh c thc hin goi la mt vong quet
(SCAN).

Theo hnh ve chung ta d dang nhn thy nh ng cng oan chnh cua mt vong
quet:
u tin la cp nht cac u vao. u mi vong quet, CPU oc trang thai ca c u
vao vt ly (cac u vao ri rac hin hu thc t trn PLC) va ghi vao vung anh ca c
u vao. y la mt vung nh, mi bit trong vung nay la anh cua mt u va o,
anh c cp nht trang thai t u vao vt ly tng ng chnh trong cng oa n
nay. V sau trong vong quet, chng trnh hiu cac gia tr u vao la ca c gia tr anh
nay, tr nhng lnh truy cp gia tr tc kh c (immediate). Lu y, cac u vao tng
t (analog) ch c c p nht nh th nu b loc (filter) tng ng hoat ng. Trong
trng hp ngc lai, chng trnh se oc trc tip t u vao tng t vt ly mi khi
truy cp. Cu th hn v ca c u vao ra se c no i n chng 6.
Tip theo la thc hin chng trnh. y la thi gian CPU thc thi cac lnh trong
chng trnh chnh mt ca ch tun t t u n cui. Chng trnh x ly ngt c
thc hin khng lin quan n vong quet ma bt c luc na o xay ra s ki n lin quan.
Ch nhng lnh vao ra tc khc m i truy cp n cac u va o ra vt ly.
Thc hin cac yu cu truyn thng la cng oa n CPU x ly ca c thng tin nhn c
trn cng truyn thng.
CPU t kim tra, trong cng oan nay CPU t kim tra cac thng s cu a no, b nh
chng trnh (ch trong ch RUN) va trang tha i ca c module nu co.
Cui cung la ghi cac u ra. CPU ghi gia tr vung anh cac u ra ra ca c u ra v t
ly. Vung anh nay c cp nht theo chng trnh trong qua trnh thc hin chng
trnh. Khi CPU chuyn t ch RUN sang ch STOP, ca c u ra co th co gia tr
nh trong bang ra, hay gi nguyn gia tr (xem chng 6). Thng thng mc nh
la cac u ra tr v 0. Ring ca c u ra tng t gi nguyn gia tr c cp nh t
sau cung.
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 22
Nu co s dung ngt, cac chng trnh x ly ngt c lu nh mt phn cu a
chng trnh trong b nh. Tuy nhin chung khng c thc hin nh mt ph n cu a
vong quet bnh thng. Chung c thc hin khi s kin tng ng xay ra, bt ky luc
nao trong vong quet, theo nguyn t c ngt n trc c x ly trc, tt nhin co tnh
n m c u tin cua ca c loai ngt kha c nhau.
Nh trn a nu, trong qua trnh thc hin, chng trnh truy cp n ca c u vao
va u ra thng qua vung anh cua chung. Vung a nh cac u vao c cp nht t ca c u
vao vt ly mt ln trong mt vong quet, ngay u vong que t. Vung anh cac u ra cung
cp nht ra cac u ra vt ly cui mi vong quet. Nguyn tc nay a m bao s ng b
cung nh tnh n nh, cn bng cho h thng; qua trnh thc hin chng trnh nhanh
hn; kha nng linh ng cho phep truy nhp ca c u vao ra chung nh tp hp ca c bit,
byte hay t n, t kep.
Cac lnh va o ra trc tip (tc kh c) cho phep khai thac trang thai cac u vao vt
ly cung nh xut ra cac u ra vt ly ngay thi im thc hi n lnh, khng phu thuc va
vong quet. Lnh oc u vao trc tip khng anh hng g n vung anh ca c u vao. Bit
anh u ra c cp nht ng thi vi lnh xut trc tip ra u ra o.
CPU coi cac lnh i vi cac u vao ra tng t nh ca c lnh vao ra trc tip, tr
trng hp ngoai l u vao tng t co b loc hoat ng (se noi ky hn chng 6).

4.6 Cac ch d hoat dng

S7-200 PLC co 02 ch hoat ng: RUN va STOP.
Trong ch STOP, CPU khng thc hin chng trnh. Chung ta co th nap chng
trnh (download) hay thay i cu hnh CPU.
CPU thc hin chng trnh trong ch RUN.
Ch hoat ng cu a CPU c bao hiu bi en LED pha trc CPU.
Chung ta co th chuyn i ch hoat ng cua PLC bng mt trong cac ca ch
sau:
Bt cng tc pha trc mt CPU. Cng tc nay co 03 v tr: RUN, STOP ai
din cho hai ch ; v tr th ba TERM khng thay i ch nhng cho
phep co th chuyn i t phn m m lp trnh. Khi mi b t ngun, CPU t
ng vao ch RUN nu cng tc v tr RUN, ngoai ra CPU t ng vao
ch STOP.
Dung phn m m STEP 7 - Micro / Win 32 vi cng tc no i trn v tr RUN
hay TERM.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 23

Chuyn sang STOP khi chng trnh ang chay bng lnh STOP. Lnh nay
cho phep ngng thc hi n chng trnh theo y nh l gic cua ngi lp trnh.

4.7 Mt khu

Tt ca ca c CPU i S7-200 u co kha nng bao v va ha n ch truy nhp bng
mt khu. Co 03 mc han ch, trong o ngi s dung se c toan quyn nu co mt
khu, nu khng co, ngi s dung se b han ch quyn tuy theo m c c t mt khu
nh trong bang di y:


Ta co th thy thc t ch co 02 mc bao v, m c 1 chnh la mc khng han ch g
(khng co mt khu).
Nu qun mt khu, ch co ca ch xo a b nh cu a CPU va nap lai chng trnh. Luc
b xoa b nh, CPU chuyn v ch STOP, cu hnh m c nh nh khi mi xut xng
tr a ch CPU, tc truyn thng va ng h thi gian thc. Cn chu y iu ki n an
toan khi PLC trong h thng v tt ca ca c u ra se chuyn v 0. xo a, cho n thc
n PLC > Clear... Nu chng trnh co mt khu, mt hp thoai se hi n ra hoi, ta phai
go vao mt khu xo a (clearplc). ng tac nay khng xoa chng trnh trong Cartridge.
V chng trnh c lu cung vi mt khu nn ta cung phai nap lai chng trnh cho
cartridge xoa mt khu cu.
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 24
t mt khu bng ca ch chon thc n View > System Block va chon trang
Password.

Mt khu se co gia tr sau khi c nap vao PLC.

4.8 Go ri

Tai liu khng i su vao vn na y, ch nu tn mt s phng tin co sn trong
mi trng lp trnh giup ngi lp trnh g ri chng trnh (debug).
Chay chng trnh trong mt s vong quet nht nh. Chon thc n Debug >
Multiple Scans va chon s vong quet mun thc hin.

S dung bang trang thai Status Chart. Chon thc n View > Status Chart hay nhn
biu tng tng ng. Co th tao nhiu ba ng kha c nhau. S dung phm chut phai
nh cu hnh.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 25

Hin th trang thai trong c a s chng trnh.

Force mt s gia tr nao o. Ta co th nh mt s bin nao o phai bng mt gia tr
c nh kim tra ca c bin lin quan.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 26


4.9 Thng bao va xu ly li

Phn nay ch danh cho lp trnh vin co kinh nghim. Thng thng li c chia
thanh 02 loai chnh: nghim trong va khng nghim trong (fatal errors & non-fatal
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 27
errors). Li nghim trong gy ngng chng trnh va ta phai tin hanh Reset (bng mt
trong 03 cach: tt ri bt ngun, chuyn cng t c v STOP ri bt ln lai, chon thc n
PLC > Power-Up Reset), li nay co th c thng bao trn en LED pha trc CPU.
Li khng nghim trong bao gm li luc chay chng trnh (run-time errors), li luc bin
dch (program-compile errors) va li do chng trnh thc hin. Li khng nghim trong
khng gy ngng chng trnh, tr khi c lp trnh vi lnh STOP, v du:


Li do chng trnh thc hin la li gy nn bi l gic cua ngi lp trnh. Ta co
th x ly ca c li con lai vi s tr giup cua phng tin lp trnh (chon thc n PLC >
Information) va tra ma l i trong phu luc ke m theo (B Error Codes).

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 28






5. B NHO DU LIU VA CACH DINH DIA CHI

S7-200 PLC quan ly b nh d liu theo tng vung ring bit nhm x ly nhanh
hn va hiu qua hn. o la cac vung I, Q, V, M, S, SM, L, T, C, HC, AC. Ta se xem xet
tng vung cu th phn sau.

5.1 Dinh dia ch tru c tip

Trong ca c vung c ban I, Q, V, M, S, SM, L ta co th truy c p n tng bit, tng
byte, tng t n (word) ho c tng t kep (double word) da trn a ch c s la a ch
byte.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 29
Trn y la mt v du ca ch nh a ch mt bit: trc ht la tn vung (I, Q, V, M,
S, SM, L), tip theo la a ch byte trong vung o, cui cung sau du chm la a ch bit
trong byte noi trn (t 0 n 7).


Mun truy cp n mt byte trong mt vung na o o, trc ht phai nh vung (I,
Q, V, M, S, SM, L), tip theo la B (c trng cho byte) va a ch byte trong vung. a
ch mt t n ho c mt t kep cung bt u bng tn vung (I, Q, V, M, S, SM, L), tip
theo la W (word) hay D (double word) va sau cung la a ch byte u tin trong t (byte
cao nht). (Xem ca c v du pha trn). Tuy theo kch thc nh c truy cp (dung
lng chim trong b nh) ma con s s dung se b gii han, v du vi ca c s nguyn:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 30
Ring gii han cho s thc (32 bit), dng t +1.175495e-38 n +3.402823e+38, m t -
1.175495e-38 n -3.402823e+38.
i vi ca c vung thit b (T, C, HC, AC), ta truy cp n bng tn vung va a ch
thit b.
Sau y ta xet n tng vung cu th:

Vung anh cac u vao I
Nh a nu, CPU ly mu ca c u vao mi vong quet mt ln va lu gia tr vao
vung anh. Sau o chng trnh truy nhp vao vu ng anh nay, n tng bit, tng byte, tng
t n hoc tng t kep bng ca ch nh a ch nh tng ng:

Bit I[byte address].[bit address] I0.1
Byte, Word, Double Word I[size][starting byte address] IB4

trong o: bit address = t 0 n 7
byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th
size = B vi byte; W vi t n; D vi t kep

Vung anh cac u ra Q
Chng trnh truy xut cac u ra thng qua vung anh ca c u ra, vung anh nay
c ghi ra cac u ra vt ly mi vong quet mt ln cui vong quet. Chng trnh truy
xut ca c u ra co th nh mt bit, mt byte hay mt t n, t kep:

Bit Q[byte address].[bit address] Q1.2
Byte, Word, Double Word Q[size][starting byte address] QW6

trong o: bit address = t 0 n 7
byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th
size = B vi byte; W vi t n; D vi t kep

Vung nh cac bin V
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 31
Vung nay co th c s dung lu cac gia tr trung gian, bit, byte, t n hay t
kep:

Bit V[byte address].[bit address] V100.7
Byte, Word, Double Word V[size][starting byte address] VD10

trong o: bit address = t 0 n 7
byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th
size = B vi byte; W vi t n; D vi t kep

Vung nh cac bit M
Vung M co tn la vung nh cac bit, thc t chung ta co th s dung y nh vung V
(thng dung lng vung M nho hn):

Bit M[byte address].[bit address] M0.3
Byte, Word, Double Word M[size][starting byte address] MW4

trong o: bit address = t 0 n 7
byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th
size = B vi byte; W vi t n; D vi t kep

Vung nh cac r le iu khin tun t S
Vung nay thng c s dung iu khin qua trnh thc hin ca c cng oan
chng trnh, cach truy cp ging nh cac vung V va M:

Bit S[byte address].[bit address] S0.0
Byte, Word, Double Word S[size][starting byte address] SB4

trong o: bit address = t 0 n 7
byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th
size = B vi byte; W vi t n; D vi t kep

Vung cac bit c bit SM
Mi nh trong vung SM (bit, byte, t n, t kep) u co mt y ngha g o i
vi h thng. Khi oc tra ng thai nh t vung SM, ta bit thng tin v PLC va khi ghi d
liu vao o, ta co th thay i tham s, cu hnh cua PLC. Cu th hn xem phu luc
(Appendix C). Tuy goi la ca c bit c bit nhng ta co th truy nhp nh bit, ca nh byte,
t n hay t kep:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 32
Bit SM[byte address].[bit address] SM0.1
Byte, Word, Double Word SM[size][starting byte address] SMB86

trong o: bit address = t 0 n 7
byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th
size = B vi byte; W vi t n; D vi t kep


Vung nh cu c b L
V mt s dung, vung L ging ht vung V nhng ch co dung lng 64 byte. Chu
y trong LAD va FBD, 04 byte cu i c danh cho mu c ch ring nn ch con 60 byte
cho chng trnh. Trong STL co th s dung ca 64 byte nhng cung co khuyn cao khng
nn s dung 04 byte cui.
Mt kha c nhau c ban gia vung L va vung V r t quan trong: trong khi ca c vung
c nu n thi im nay u co gia tr toan cu c th vung L ch co gia tr cu c b (local).
iu o co ngha la chng trnh chnh co 64 byte vung nh L ring cu a mnh, mi
chng trnh con cung co ring m t vung L vi dung lng 64 byte va mi chng trnh
x ly ngt cung vy. N i dung bit nh L3.1 trong chng trnh chnh chng co g chung
vi bit nh L3.1 trong chng trnh con s 1. Chng trnh con khng th truy cp vung
L cu a chng trnh chnh va ng c la i.
Vung L co gia tr ngu nhin khi cha c ghi vao, v vy phai cn thn luc s
dung. Co th s dung nh trong vung L lam thanh tro cha ca c a ch gian tip nhng
khng th truy nhp vung L mt ca ch gian tip.
Nh a nu, cach truy nhp vung L ging truy nhp vung V:

Bit L[byte address].[bit address] L0.0
Byte, Word, Double Word L[size][starting byte address] LB33

trong o: bit address = t 0 n 7
byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th
size = B vi byte; W vi t n; D vi t kep

Vung cac b nh thi T
Trong S7-200, cac b nh thi (timers) c coi la nhng thit b m thi gian.
PLC S7-200 co 03 loai timer vi phn giai kha c nhau: 1ms, 10 ms va 100ms (thi gian
m c = s ang m * phn giai). Mi timer a c xac nh c nh mt
phn giai na o o trong 03 loai noi trn, cach nh a ch rt n gian:

T[timer number] V du: T24
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 33

trong o: timer number = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th (thng la 63
ho c 127).
Mt a ch nh th co th ch mt gia tr 16 bit co du la gia tr ma timer o ang
m; hoc ch bit trang thai cua timer. Chng trnh t phn bit iu na y bng tng lnh
cu th: lnh co toan hang kiu t n se hiu o la a ch gia tr timer, ngc lai lnh co
toan hang kiu bit se coi o la a ch bit trang thai. Xem ca c v du sau:

cu th hn chung ta se noi n ph n lnh (chng 9).

Vu ng cac b m C
Cac b m trong S7-200 m s thay i u va o cu a chung t mc thp ln m c
cao. Chung co th m ln (tin), m xung (lui) hoc ca m tin l n m lui. Cach
nh a ch mt b m (counter):

C[counter number] V du: C20

trong o: counter number = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th (thng la 63
ho c 127).

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 34

Mt a ch nh th co th ch mt gia tr 16 bit co du la gia tr ma counter o
ang m; ho c ch bit trang thai cua counter. Chng trnh t phn bit iu nay b ng
tng lnh cu th: lnh co toan hang kiu t n se hiu o la a ch gia tr counter, ngc
lai lnh co toan hang kiu bit se coi o la a ch bit trang thai. Cu th hn chung ta se noi
n phn lnh (chng 9).

Vung cac u vao tng t AI
S7-200 chuyn cac gia tr tng t thanh nhng gia tr s 16 bit nn vu ng nay ch
c truy nhp n nh nhng t n:

AIW[starting byte address] V du: AIW4

trong o: starting byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th nhng
lun lun la s chn (0, 2, 4, 6, . . .).

Chu y y la cac gia tr ch oc (khng ghi vao o c).

Vung cac u ra tng t AQ
S7-200 chuyn nhng gia tr s 16 bit thanh ca c gia tr ra tng t nn vung nay
cung ch c truy nhp n nh nhng t n:

AQW[starting byte address] V du: AQW4

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 35
trong o: starting byte address = t 0 n gii han bi tng loai CPU cu th nhng
lun lun la s chn (0, 2, 4, 6, . . .).

Chu y y la cac gia tr ch ghi (khng co y ngha oc t o).

Cac accumulator AC
S7-200 bao gm 04 accumulator dung lng 32 bit: AC0, AC1, AC2 va AC3. Tuy
nhin co th dung accumulator cha d liu byte, t n ho c t kep. Chng trnh t
phn bit iu nay bng lnh cu th (oi hoi toan hang la kiu byte, t n hay t kep)
nh cac v du sau:


Cac accumulator c s dung nh nhng thanh ghi (registers) oc / ghi a nng.

Cac b m tc cao HC
B m t c cao trong S7-200 dung m nhng u vao thay i nhanh (tn
s cao) c lp vi vong quet. a ch b m tc cao ch n gia tr 32 bit co du la
con s b m ang m:

HC[high- speed counter number] V du: HC1
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 36

trong o: high-speed counter number = t 0 n gii han bi tng loa i CPU cu th
(1,2 hoc 3).
Con s nay la gia tr ch oc, lun lun 32 bit.


Cac hng s
Nhiu lnh trong S7-200 co th s dung ca c h ng s di cac dang kha c nhau,
CPU lun lu bng dang nh phn. S7-200 CPU khng lu gi dang d liu, v du lnh
ADD_I lun hiu gia tr a lu vao VW100 la s nguyn 16 bit co du trong khi lnh
WOR_W lai hiu ung gia tr o trong VW100 la s nguyn 16 bit khng du. Sau y la
mt vai v du v ca c kiu hng s:
Decimal constant: 20047
Hexadecimal constant: 16#4E4F
ASCII constant: Text goes between single
quotes.
Real or floating-point format: +1.175495E-38 (positive)
-1.175495E-38 (negative)
Binary format 2#1010_0101_1010_0101


5.2 Dinh dia ch gian tip

S7-200 cho phep truy nhp ca c nh trong cac vung I, Q, V, M, S, T (ch gia tr
16 bit), C (ch gia tr 16 bit) mt cach gian tip, ngha la dung mt nh kha c la m thanh
tro tro n nh nay. Lu y khng th truy cp mt bit bng ca ch gian tip.
Trong S7-200, thanh tro ch co th la mt nh 32 bit (t kep) trong mt trong
nhng vung V, L hay AC (tr AC0). Ta co th ta o thanh tro bng lnh MOVD vi toan t
& va s dung thanh tro bng toan t `. V du:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 37
Chung ta co th s dung cac lnh s hoc n gia n nh cng ho c tng 1 danh cho
t kep (ADD_D ho c INC_D) thay i gia tr thanh tro. Tuy nhin phai c bit chu y
n kch c d liu ma thanh tro o tro n:
Nu mt thanh tro ang tro n mt byte, no co th tro n byte k tip bng ca ch
tng gia tr no ln 01 n v.
Nu mt thanh tro ang tro n mt t n, no co th tro n t n k tip bng ca ch
tng gia tr no ln 02 n v.
Nu mt thanh tro ang tro n mt t kep, no co th tro n t kep k tip bng ca ch
tng gia tr no ln 04 n v.
V du:



5.3 Bao toan du liu

S7-200 cung cp nhiu kha nng cho phep lu gi chng trnh, d liu cung nh
cu hnh h thng trong nhng trng hp mt ngun cung cp:
CPU co b nh kiu EEPROM lu toan b chng trnh, cu hnh va phn d li u
quan trong nht.
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 38
B nh RAM c trang b super capacitor co th gi nguyn ven thng tin mt
thi gian dai sau khi m t ngun nui. Tuy loai CPU, thi gian o co th keo dai va i
ngay.
Ta co th chon gn thm cartridge ch a pin keo dai thi gian noi trn. Pn se gi
d liu trong RAM sau khi super capacitor can.


Sau y chu ng ta se tm hiu chi tit c ch hoat ng lu gi nay.

Qua trnh Download va Upload


Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 39

Khi CPU mt ngun nui.


Khi CPU c cp ngu n.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 40
Nu d liu trong RAM vn con c lu gi tt:

Nu d liu trong RAM khng con (thi gian m t ngun nui qua lu), CPU xo a
toan b b nh RAM, t bit SM0.2 = 1 trong vong quet u tin va khi phuc d liu
phn c lu tr:


nh ngha b nh d liu cn lu gi.
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 41
Trn y chung ta nhn thy rng, b nh d liu khng phai toan b u c
lu gi trong EEPROM ma ch mt phn, c nh ngha nh la phn retentive. Phn
nay c nh ngha b ng cach chon thc n View > System Block va chon trang
Retentive Ranges:

Chu y: vung M m c nh c xem la non-retentive, khi o khng s dung c
im lu gi d liu luc mt in co noi n trn y. Phn c lu gi trong ca c vung T
va C (nu c nh ngha) la nhng gia tr m, ca c bit trang thai khng c lu gi.
Trong vung T ch c phep nh ngha nhng timer dang TONR, khng phai TON (xem
cu th ph n lnh, chng 8).


5.4 Luu du liu lu dai tu chuong trinh

Trong khi chng trnh ang thc thi, ta co th lu mt gia tr (byte, t n ho c
t kep) trong vung V va o EEPROM. iu nay cho phep cp nht gia tr lu gi. ng tac
nay keo dai thi gian vong quet khoang 5ms, chu y no khng cp nht gia tr trong
cartridge.
Cach lu gi nh sau:
t a ch byte bt u cua gia tr cn lu gi (v du 200 i vi VD200) va o
SMW32.
t kch thc gia tr cn lu gi (byte, t n hay t kep) vao cac bit SM31.0 va
SM31.1 (xem hnh minh hoa pha sau).
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 42
t SM31.7 = 1.

Cui mi vong quet, CPU kim tra nu SM31.7 = 1 th thc hin lu va xo a bit
SM31.7 = 0 sau khi lu xong. Chu y khng c thay i gia tr cn lu khi qua trnh lu
cha kt thuc (bit SM31.7 cha bng 0).
Khng nn qua lam du ng c tnh nay cua S7-200 v s ln lu vao b nh kiu
EEPROM b han ch (tui tho EEPROM la khoang 1 000 000 ln, t nht cung la 100
000 ln). Nh v y nu chung ta lu mi vong quet mt ln th co th tui tho EEPROM
ch keo dai khng ti 1 gi ri (tnh cho thi gian vong quet la khoang 50 ms), tronh khi
tui tho o co th la 11 nm nu chung ta ch lu mi gi mt l n.


5.5 Su dung Cartridge d luu giu chuong trinh

S7-200 cung cp kha nng c m thm cartridge lu gi chng trnh, cu hnh
CPU va d liu trong vung V cu a EEPROM (ngha la retentive V).
Ta co th lu chng trnh t RAM vao cartridge ch khi nao CPU c cp
ngun va ch STOP. Chu y trong ct gi va thao ta c vi cartridge, no co th b hong
do phong in tnh in.
Chung ta co th gn cartridge trong khi CPU ang c c p ngun, nu chng
trnh cha co trong CPU th phai nap (download) vao CPU. Sau o s dung thc n
PLC > Program Memory Cartridge lu vao cartridge. Thng thng chung ta ct
gi cartridge vao mt ni an toan.

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 43

Chng trnh c phu c hi t cartridge bng cach bt ngun cho CPU vi
cartridge cm sn. Trong trng hp nay b nh RAM b xoa, ni dung cartridge c
chep vao RAM, sau o chng trnh, cu hnh CPU va phn retentive V se c che p vao
EEPROM.


Chu y: CPU c bt ngun vi mt cartridge rng hay khng ung loai se gy
li. Cartridge c lu bi CPU 221 va 222 co th o c c bi CPU 224 nhng khng
th ap dung ngc lai.





Giao trnh PLC S7-200
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6. CAC DU VAO, RA

Cac u vao ra chnh la cac im iu khin cu a mt h thng: ca c u vao phan
anh trang thai cac thit b nh cac u do, ca c cng tc, . . . va ca c u ra iu khin
nhng b phn chp hanh nh m t, bm, van, . . .

6.1 Cac d u vao ra cu c b va mo r ng

Cu truc MODULE cua S7-200 tao s linh hoat ti a trong vic s dung giai
quyt ca c bai toan kha c nhau. No cho phep chu ng ta chon s u vao ra ti u v mt
kinh t. Mt u im cu a S7-200 la nhng u vao ra cu c b , nm ngay trn CPU, thch
hp cho ca c bai toan oi hoi s u vao ra ti thiu. Nhng u vao ra cuc b co a ch
c nh. V du:


Chung ta co th tng s u vao ra b ng cac module m rng, v du:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 45
Cac module m rng na y c c m ni tip nhau vao bn phai CPU. a ch ca c
u vao ra trn ca c module m rng c tnh lin tip, ring cho tng loai (vao, ra, vao
tng t, ra tng t) khng anh h ng ln nhau. Cac u va o ra ri ra c c nh a ch
chn byte, ngha la trn mt module phai bt u bng x.0, x.1, . . . con cac u vao ra
tng t c nh a ch theo t n, ca ch hai, ngha la bng ca c s chn: AIW0,
AIW2, AIW4, . . . AQW0, AQW2, AQW4, . . .

6.2 Loc d u vao

S7-200 co kha nng lo c cac u vao ri rac (ch ca c u cu c b) bng thi gian tr
loai tr hin tng nhiu xung (co th chon t 0.2 ms n 12.8 ms). T t nhin, iu o
se lam ch m tn hiu vao. Chung ta co th t thi gian tr thch hp cho tng nhom 04
u vao trong cu hnh cua CPU bng ca ch chon thc n View > System Block va chon
trang Input Filters:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 46

6.3 Nhn bit xung vao

Bn canh v n loc u vao, chung ta co th nu vn m t cach l gic: PLC co
th bo qua nhng xung qua ngn u vao ngoai y mun cua chung ta. Bi v chung ta
a bit CPU ch cp nht ca c u vao mi vong quet mt ln. S7-200 kh c phuc im yu
nay bng chc nng pulse catch:


Ta co th b t hoc tt chc nng nay cho mi u vao cu c b trong cu hnh CPU
t thc n View > System Block, chon trang Pulse Catch Bits:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 47

Sau y la ca c v du minh hoa cho tnh nng nay:


Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 48

6.4 Bang ca c du ra

Bang ca c u ra qui nh trang thai cho cac u ra ri rac khi CPU chuyn t ch
RUN sang ch STOP (bng 0, 1 hay gi nguyn trang thai). iu nay rt quan
trong v muc ch an toan. Chung ta nh ngha bang ca c u ra trong cu hnh cua CPU
bng ca ch chon thc n View > System Block va chon trang Output Table:
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 49


6.5 Loc d u vao tuong tu

Cac u vao tng t, cu ng nh ca c u vao ri rac, co th c loc chng hin
tng nhiu. Ban cht b loc cu a mt u vao tng t la phe p tnh gia tr trung bnh mt
s hu han ca c gia tr ly mu lin tip, nh m gia m ta c ng cu a cac gia tr ngoai lai. Tt
nhin tac ng cua b loc bao gi cung lam ch m tn hiu, trong trng hp nay co th
khng thch hp nu u va o bin i nhanh. S7-200 x ly vn o bng khai nim
deadband: nu gia tr ly mu vt ra ngoai khoang qui nh so vi gia tr trung bnh th
b loc khng tnh gia tr trung bnh na ma cp nht lun gia tr mi.
Trong moi trng hp, ngi lp trnh co th b t hay tt chc nng loc cho tng
u vao theo yu cu va cung co th t thng s chung cho ca c b loc tng t (s gia tr
tnh trung bnh, deadband) thng qua thc n View > System Block vi trang Analog
Input Filters:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 50


6.6 Vao ra tc d cao

Kha c vi ca c vi ma ch in t, ca c ma ch iu khin t ng thng thng hoat
ng vi tc thp hn. Tuy nhin, thnh thoang chung ta cung cn ghi nhn va x ly
nhng bin i tc cao. S7-200 ap ng yu cu nay b ng ca c u vao va ca c b m
tc cao cung nh bng u ra xung tc cao.

Cac b m tc cao
Cac b m tc cao trong S7-200 co kha nng m nh ng tn s n 20 kHz
vi nhiu ch hoat ng kha c nhau:
HSC0 va HSC4 co th hoat ng mt trong 08 ch , co th m ca c u vao mt
pha hoc hai pha.
HSC1 va HSC2 co 12 ch hoat ng, vi ca c u vao mt pha cung nh hai pha.
HSC3 va HSC5 la nhng b m n gian, vi mt ch hoat ng va ch m u
vao mt pha.
Chi tit hn v ca c b m tc cao se c noi n phn lnh cu th (chng
8). Hai bang sau tom tt v ca c b m nay:
Chung ta nhn thy rng nu s dung HSC0 trong nhng ch t 3 n 10 th
khng th s dung HSC3 bi v HSC0 va HSC3 ca hai u dung u vao I0.1. Tng t
nh th i vi HSC4 va HSC5.
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 51
Cac u vao t I0.0 n I0.3 con co th c s dung lam ca c u vao gy ngt,
do o chung ta cn chu y khng s dung chung va la m ca c u vao gy ngt, va lam
cac u vao cho ca c b m t c cao cung mt luc.


Noi chung, mt u vao khng th c s dung cho hai muc ch cung mt luc.
Tuy nhin, nu khng c s dung trong muc ch nay, chung co th c tn dung cho
muc ch kia. V du nu HSC0 ang hoat ng ch 2, ch s dung I0.0 va I0.2 th
I0.1 vn co th c khai thac bi ngt hay HSC3.


Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 52
Hai b m HSC1 va HSC2 hoat ng hoan toan c lp vi nhau, co th khai
thac ti a ca hai cung mt luc ma khng h anh hng ln nhau.

u ra xung tc cao
S7-200 cho phep s dung Q0.0 va Q0.1 nh nhng u ra phat xung tc cao,
dang PTO ho c PWM. Chi tit xem chng 8, sau y la vai net s lc:
Xung kiu PTO (Pulse Train Output) la song vung, 50% chu ky co gia tr 0, 50%
chu ky co gia tr 1. Co th nh ngha s xung pha t ra nm trong khoang t 1 xung n
4 294 967 295 xung. Chu ky co th xa c nh theo phn giai la micro giy ho c mili
giy vi gia tr t 50 s n 65 535 s hay t 2 ms n 65 535 ms. Lu y nn cho n
chu ky la s chn, chu ky la s le co th gy bin dang song. S7-200 con cho phep ta o
day xung PTO vi chu ky bin thin theo qui lut nao o, rt thch hp trong iu
khin ng c b c.
Xung kiu PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) co chu ky c nh va rng xung (thi
gian co gia tr bng 1) thay i. Ca hai gia tr nay u co th xac nh theo phn
giai la micro giy ho c mili giy. Chu ky xung co th nm trong khoang t 50 s n
65 535 s hay t 2 ms n 65 535 ms. rng xung co th nm trong khoang t 0 s
n 65 535 s hay t 0 ms n 65 535 ms. N u rng xung bng chu ky, u ra
lun lun bng 1. Nu rng xung bng 0, u ra lun lun bng 0.


6.7 Dinh chnh tuong tu

S7-200 CPU co 1 ho c 2 inh chnh tng t pha trc. Ta co th vn chu ng theo
chiu kim ng h hay ngc lai trong khoang 270 tng hay giam gia tr tng ng
vi chung la ca c byte trong SMB28 va SMB29. Nh vy nhng gia tr nay co th thay i
trong khoang t 0 n 255 va chng trnh co th s dung chung nh nhng gia tr ch
oc, thay i c theo s can thip t ngoai chng trnh. V du:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
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7. CAC PHUONG THUC TRUYN THNG

Truyn thng la phn kha phc tap trong vic lam chu PLC. iu quan trong la
chung ta phai n m ro ca c kiu cu truc mang kha c nhau cu a ca c PLC, cac phng thc
truyn thng c s dung va lam chu tt ca ca c thanh ph n cu thanh nn mang. Chung
ta khng i su vao chi tit trong tai liu nay ma ch im qua nhng net chnh.
Trc ht, ta phn bit mt s m hinh mang:
Mang n chu (Single Master)
Mang a chu (Multiple Master)
S dung Modem 10 bit ni 01 chu vi 01 PLC S7-200 hoat ng nh tram (Slave)
S dung Modem 11 bit trong mang n chu
V du v cu hnh mang:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 54

Trong nhng thanh ph n tham gia mang, ca c CPU co th hoat ng nh chu ho c
nh tram; TD 200 la thit b chu; thit b lp trnh ho c ma y vi tnh cai STEP 7 cu ng la
thit b chu. Phn mm STEP 7 - Micro / Win 32 c thit k ch kt ni c vi mt
CPU S7-200 tai mt thi im, tuy nhin no co th kt ni ti bt c CPU nao trong
mang.
Cac phuong thuc truy n thng chnh:
im i im: Point-to-Point Interface (PPI)
a im: Multipoint Interface (MPI)
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 55
PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus)
Cac phng thc nay u t c s trn cu truc OSI (Open System
Interconnection) 7 lp. Cac phng thc PPI va MPI cung s dung nguyn ly ma ch hoi
vong (Token ring), phu hp vi chun PROFIBUS a c qui nh trong b chun chu
u EN 50170.
Nhng phng thc trn u la bt ng b, n v c s la ky t vi 01 start bit,
08 data bit, even parity va 01 stop bit. Khung d liu bao gm nhng ky t c bit m
u va kt thuc, a ch ngun (ni gi) va ch (ni n), dai d liu va checksum.
Ca ba phng thc co th cung hoa t ng chung trn mt mang, ch cn iu kin cung
tc truyn (baud rate).
Mang theo chun PROFIBUS s dung ng truyn la nhng cp dy xon theo
chun RS-485. Chun ng truyn nay cho phep ni ti 32 thit b trn mt b phn
(segment). Khoang ca ch gia hai im xa nht trong mt b phn nh vy, tuy theo tc
ng truyn s dung, co th ln n 1200 m. Cac b ph n lai co th ni vi nhau qua
nhng repeater tng s thit b trong mang cung nh khoang ca ch hoat ng cho n
9600 m tuy theo tc truyn.
Cac phng thc nay phn bit 02 loai thit b: chu va t (tram). Thit b chu co
th gi yu cu ln mang trong khi tram ch tra li, khng bao gi t gi thng tin ln
mang.
S a ch ti a la 127 (0 n 126) vi nhiu nht la 32 thit b chu. Mi thit b
trn mang phai co a ch khac nhau. Mc nh, thit b lp trnh (hay PC) c nh a
ch 0, ca c thit b giao din nh TD 200, OP3, OP7, ... co a ch la 1 con PLC c nh
a ch m c nh la 2.

Phng thc PPI
PPI la phng thc chu / t. Cac thit b chu (CPU, thit b lp trnh, TD 200) gi
yu cu n ca c tram va ca c tram tra li. Cac tram khng bao gi t gi thng tin ln
mang ma ch ch nhn ca c yu cu cua ca c thit b chu tra li. Tt ca ca c CPU S7-200
u co th hoat ng nh tram trong mang.
Mt s CPU co th hoat ng nh thit b chu trong mang khi ch RUN, nu
chng trnh bt ch PPI master (vi SMB30). Mt khi trong ch nay, ta co th
oc hay vit vao mt CPU kha c bng cac lnh NETR va NETW. Trong khi o CPU vn
tra li cac thit b chu kha c nh mt tram thng thng. PPI khng han ch s thit b chu
c phep ni vi mt tram, tuy nhin nh trn a nu, s thit b chu ti a trong mt
mang la 32.

Phng thc MPI
MPI co th la phng thc chu / t hay chu / chu . Cach thc hoat ng phu thuc
vao loai thit b. Chng han nu thi t b ch la CPU S7-300 th MPI t ng tr thanh
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 56
chu / chu b i v cac CPU S7-300 la ca c thit b chu trong mang. Nhng nu ch la CPU
S7-200 th MPI lai la chu / t v ca c CPU S7-200 luc o c coi nh la tram.
Khi hai thit b trong mang kt ni vi nhau b ng phng thc MPI, chung tao
nn mt lin kt ring, khng thit b chu nao kha c co th can thip vao lin kt nay.
Thit b chu trong hai thit b kt ni thng gi mi lin k t o trong mt khoang thi
gian ngn ho c huy lin kt v thi han (giai phong ng truyn).
Nhng lin kt nh trn oi hoi mt tai nguyn nht nh trong CPU nn mi
CPU ch co th h tr mt s lng hu han ca c lin kt nh vy. Thng thng mt CPU
cho phep 04 lin kt, 02 trong o mt danh ring cho thit b lp trnh hay PC, mt danh
cho giao di n. iu nay cho phep lu c nao cung co th kt ni t nht mt thit b lp trnh
ho c PC, mt giao din vi CPU. Nhng thit b chu khac (nh cac CPU kha c chng han)
khng th kt ni qua ca c lin kt da nh ring nay.
Cac CPU S7-300 va S7-400 co th kt ni vi cac CPU S7-200 bng mt trong
hai lin kt con lai cu a CPU S7-200 va oc hay ghi d liu vao CPU S7-200 vi cac lnh
XGET va XPUT.

Phng thc PROFIBUS
Phng thc PROFIBUS c thit k cho vic truyn thng t c cao vi ca c
thit b phn phi vao ra, thng cung c goi la ca c u vao ra t xa (remote I/O).
Nhng thit b nh vy c nhiu nha san xut cung cp, t ca c module vao ra n gian
n ca c b iu khin m t va ca c PLC.
Mang PROFIBUS thng bao gm mt thit b chu va nhi u tram vao ra. Thit b
chu c t cu hnh nhn bit loai cung nh a ch cua ca c tram ni vao no. Sau o
no se t kim tra ca c tra m theo cu hnh c t. Thit b chu ghi vao ca c tram va oc d
liu t o mt ca ch lin tuc. Noi chung mi thit b chu thng lam chu ca c tram cu a
mnh, ca c thit b chu kha c trn ma ng (nu co) ch co th truy cp rt han ch vao cac
tram khng phai cu a chung.

Phng thc nh ngha bi ngi s dung (FreePort)
Phng thc nay cho phep ngi lp trnh lam chu vi c truyn thng, thc t la
nh ngha phng thc truyn thng ring, co th kt ni ti nhiu loai thit b thng
minh kha c.
Chng trnh kim soat cng truyn thng trong phng thc nay thng qua ca c
ngt nhn, ngt gi, lnh nhn (RCV) va lnh gi (XMT). Ca ch thc truyn thng hoan
toan do chng trnh lam chu. Phng thc na y c iu khin vi byte SMB30 (danh
cho cng 0) va ch hoat ng trong ch RUN. Khi CPU chuyn sang ch STOP,
phng thc nay b huy va cng truyn thng tr v phng thc bnh thng PPI.

Cui cung chung ta xet n cu hinh phn cung cu a mang:
Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 57
Do phn na y nng v tnh ky thut va oi hoi tnh chnh xac trong tng trng hp
cu th nn chung ta se khng noi n ky trong tai liu nay. S lc nh ta a bit, ng
dy truyn tun theo chun RS 485, ban cht la cp dy xon:

General Features Specification
Type Shielded, twisted pair
Conductor cross section 24 AWG (0.22 mm 2 ) or larger
Cable capacitance < 60 pF/m
Nominal impedance 100 to 120

cach u ni nh nhng mang s dung Token ring (mach hoi vong) thng thng:

khoang ca ch truyn ti a gii han tuy theo tc truyn:

Transmission Rate Maximum Cable Length of a Segment
9.6 kbaud to 19.2 kbaud 1,200 m (3,936 ft.)
187.5 kbaud 1,000 m (3,280 ft.)

co th dung b lp tng khoang ca ch cung nh s thit b:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 58

Cng truyn thng trn CPU S7-200:


Vn cui cung la kt ni PC vi mang RS 485:

Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 59
y chung ta khng i su vao ca ch thit lp thng s cho cap PC/PPI cung nh
cac card CP hay MPI hoat ng. Chung ta ch noi thm mt chut v cap PC/PPI v no
c s dung kha thng dung ma chung ta a nh c n trong phn u cua tai liu nay
(chng 3). y la cap chuyn i gia hai chun RS 485 va RS 232. N u ni vi ma y vi
tnh, u RS 232 c cm vao cng COM, chu y vi loai cap co DIP switch 05 v tr th
phai chon DCE (Data Control Equipment). Cap nay con c s dung ni vi Modem,
cung co giao tip RS 232 nhng la DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) nh ca c minh hoa
sau:







Giao trnh PLC S7-200
Trang 60



8. TP LNH SIMATIC




9. TP LNH IEC 1131-3




10. PHU LUC