6/25/2011

1
Khi qut
Nhit k thy tinh
Nhit p k
Nhit k in tr
Nhit k nhit in
S dng nhit k
Chng 2: o nhit
Nhit l g?
- i lng vt l, c trng cho trng thi nhit -
mc nng ca vt
- L i lng lm c s so snh, nh gi mc
nng ca vt ny so vi vt khc
Thang o nhit
- Celcius:
0
C
- Kelvin: K
- Fahrenheit:
0
F
- Rankin:
0
R
1 - Khi qut
Mi lin h gia cc thang o nhit
Theo lnh vc o nhit :
- Nhit thp t s 0
0
C
- Nhit trung bnh 0
0
C < t s 180
0
C
- Nhit cao t > 180
0
C o nhit
1 - Khi qut
15 , 273 ) ( ) (
0
+ = C t K T
32 ) (
5
9
) (
0 0
+ = C t F t
F
67 , 491 ) (
5
9
) (
0 0
+ = C t R t
R
Phn loi phng tin o nhit
Da vo cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca dng
c o
- Gin n, bin i p sut ca cht cm nhit hay
da trn s thay i th tch, kch thc ca vt
cm bin nhit k cht lng; nhit p k; nhit
k c hc
- Bin i in tr ca kim loi, bn dn nhit
k in tr
1 - Khi qut
6/25/2011
2
Phn loi phng tin o nhit
- Da trn hiu ng nhit in nhit k nhit
in hay cp nhit in
- Nhit k in t - s dng u d (sensor) in
t: diode, transitor, IC
- Bin i cng bc x ca vt nng nhit
cao nhit k bc x hay ha k
- Nhit k s dng cm bin thch anh, nhit k
sng m, kh ng.
1 - Khi qut
S dng o nhit : -200
o
C 750
o
C
Da vo s gin n v nhit ca cht lng trong
nhit k: V
t
= V
0
(1 + bt)
Cu to
2 - Nhit k thy tinh cht lng
4
3
2
1
Nhit k thy tinh
Nhit k phng th nghim
- Khc trc tip trn v thy tinh
- Thy tinh trong sut hn
- Tit din ng thy tinh bn trong nh,
thon
Nhit k k thut
- Khc trn giy lt vo v thy tinh
- Thy tinh khng trong sut
2 - Nhit k thy tinh cht lng
u im
- n gin, chnh xc tng i cao
- Khng cn thit b h tr
- Khng cn nng lng hot ng
Nhc im
- D v, d nhe, c ti ch.
- Qun tnh nhit ln
- Khng t ghi kt qu, truyn kt qu i xa
2 - Nhit k thy tinh cht lng
6/25/2011
3
Cu to
3 - Nhit p k
Cu to: ty thuc vo kt cu ng n hi
- ng n hi mt vng
- ng n hi nhiu vng
3 - Nhit p k
u im
- Cu to n gin, bn c hc
- C th t ng ghi kt qu
- C kh nng n nh rung
Nhc im:
- chnh xc khng cao
- C th truyn kt qu o i xa (khong 20m)
3 - Nhit p k
S dng o nhit : -185
o
C 550
o
C
Da vo s gin n chiu di ca hai vt rn c h
s gin n v nhit khc nhau
- Hai vt rn c lp nhau: nhit k dilatomet
- Thanh lng kim: nhit k lng kim
4 - Nhit k c hc
6/25/2011
4
S dng o nhit :
Da trn s bin i in tr ca vt do s bin
i nhit ca n gy nn.
S bin i in tr ph thuc vo nhit c
t trng bng biu thc sau
R
t
= R
0
(1+o
t
.t)
5 - Nhit k in tr
Nhit k
in tr
Chuyn
i s cp
Thit b
o th cp
B phn cm bin: phn t cm bin; cht cch
in; v bo v nhit k.
- Phn t cm bin: kim loi v bn dn
- Vt liu cch in: Cch in; bn c hc; chu
nhit tt
- Vt liu lm v bo v: bn c hc; khng thm
nc; dn nhit tt; nh; khng gy tc hi ha
hc vi vt liu phn t cm bin
5 - Nhit k in tr
Yu cu phn t cm bin nhit
+ Tinh khit, bn ha hc
+ Khng thay i tnh cht vt l
+ Khi t nng khng b oxyhoa.
+ H s nhit in tr ln
+ Quan h tuyn tnh
u nhc im SV tham kho
gio trnh
5.1 - Nhit k in tr kimloi
H s dn nhit cao: Oxit mangan; Oxit
ng; Oxit Coban.(gim 3%/)
H s nhit ca in tr ln v in tr
sut cao: nhit k in tr bn dn c kch
thc nh gn
Mi lin h gia in tr v bin i nhit
theo quy lut phi tuyn tnh (hm m)
u nhc im SV tham kho gio trnh
5.2 - Nhit k in tr bn dn
6/25/2011
5
5.2 - Nhit k in tr bn dn
o nhit bng nhit k in tr phi xc
nh in tr ca phn t cm bin nhit
:
+ Phng php dng von k ampe k
+ Phng php dng mch cu
+ Phng php Lgomet
+ phng php b
5.3 Mcho
Mch o dng volt ke ampeke:
5.3 Mcho
I = const
Rd1
Rd2
Rd3
Rd4
Rt OD V
Dng mch cu cn bng
5.3 Mcho
CB
K
o
C

Rt
Rd
It
C
R1
R2
D B
A
N
R3
I2
I1
I3
I
I0
6/25/2011
6
Nguyn l: o nhit bng cp nhit in,
da trn c s ca hiu ng nhit in
S nguyn l cp nhit in:
6 - Nhit k nhit in
A B
1
2 3
A B
2
1
S mch o:
6 - Nhit k nhit in
A B
1
2
3
A
2
1
TB
TB
4
3
t0
t t
t0
a b
Yu cu vt liu:
- Sut in ng cao, quan h vi nhit : tuyn
tnh
- Tnh cht nhit in n nh
- Thnh phn ng nht
- Bn ha hc nhit cao
- Dn in tt
- C th thay th c
6 - Nhit k nhit in
Cc loi nhit k nhit in hay gp:
6 - Nhit k nhit in
Loi
Vt liu lm cp nhit
in
Khong o
(
o
C)
Nhit
ti a (
o
C)
T ng/Constantan -200 400 400
J St/Constantan -200 700 900
E Chromel/Constantan -100 700 900
K Chromel/Alumel -200 1250 1300
S
Platin/(90%Platin +
10%Rodi
0 1300 1600
B
(70%Platin+30%Rodi)/
(94%Platin+6%Rodi)
300 1600 1800
6/25/2011
7
Phng php o nhit :
6 - Nhit k nhit in
a
b
t
t0
Thit
b o
t0
TB
T1
T2
TN
.
.
.
Cng tc chuyn mch
Nguyn nhn gy sai s khi o
+ Do nhit u t do ca cp nhit in
khng n nh hoc khc vi nhit u t do
khi khc .
+ Do s thay i in tr trong mch o dn n
sai s khi o bng thit b o th cp.
+ Do v tr v cch lp t nhit k nhit in
khng ng yu cu k thut
6 - Nhit k nhit in
o theo phng php tip xc
+ Dng c o theo phng php tip xc: nhit
k cht lng, nhit k in tr v nhit k nhit
in.
+ Dng c o nhit theo phng php khng
tip xc: nhit k bc x hay cn gi l ha k
7 S dng nhit k
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
Khi qut
p k thy tnh
p k c hc
p k pittong
p k in
Cc loi p k khc
Chng 3: o p sut
6/25/2011
8
p sut l g?
i lng vt l, biu th lc tc dng ln mt n
v din tch.
p sut c th phn b ng u hoc
khng ng u ln b mt chu lc
Trnghp lc phn b ng u
1 khi qut
S
F
p =
Cc dng p sut
+ p sut kh quyn
+ p sut tuyt i
+ p sut d
+ p sut chn khng
+ chn khng:
+ Hiu p sut p sut vi sai
1 khi qut
% 100 .
B
P
D
CK
=
Mi quan h gia cc p sut
1 khi qut
Bie u die n a p sua t d Bie u die n a p sua t cha n kho ng
Pt = 0 Pt = 0
Pkq = 1 (theo a p
sua t tuye t o i)
Pkq = 1 (theo a p
sua t tuye t o i)
Pkq = 0 (theo a p
sua t d)
Pd
Pt
Pt
Pck
Pkq = 0 (theo a p
cha n kho ng)
Pt > Pkq
Pt < Pkq
n v o p sut
+ Theo SI: pascal Pa (1Pa = 1N/m
2
)
+ Atmtphe k thut at
1at=1kg/cm
2
=735,5mmHg = 9,81.10
4
Pa=10mH2O
+ Atmtphe vt l atm; 1atm = 760mmHg
=10,33mH2O
+ Tor; 1Tor = 1mmHg = 1133.322 Pa
= 13,595.10
-4
kg/cm
2
+ Bar, 1bar = 105pa = 750mmhg
+ PSI (n v s dng h Anh, M), 1PSI = 0,07 at
1 khi qut
6/25/2011
9
Phn loi dng c o p sut
- Theo dng p sut cn o:
p k chuyn dng:
+ Baromet: o p sut kh quyn
+ Chn khng k - p k chn khng
+ Manomet: o p sut d
p k a chc nng:
+ p k o p sut tuyt i t 0
+ Manomet chn khng
+ p k vi sai, micromanomet
1 khi qut
Phn loi dng c o p sut
- Theo nguyn l hot ng
+ p k thy tnh
+ p k c hc
+ p k pittong
+ p k in
1 khi qut
Nguyn l hot ng
Theo nguyn tc p sut thy tnh. Cht lng thng
dng: nc, thy ngn hoc ru
Phn loi
+p k ch U manomet ch U
+Vi p k
+Baromet thy ngn
u nhc im
+n gin, r tin, chnh xc kh cao
+Cng knh, d v
+Khng cho php o c p sut cao
2 p k thy tnh
Cu to - nguyn l hot ng
2.1 p k cht lng ch U
P
o
P
kq
h
6/25/2011
10
u im
n gin, c th o p sut ti khong 200KPa
ty thuc vo bn ng thy tinh v kn ca h
thng
Nhc im
Phi c chiu cao mc cht lng ti hai nhnh
ca p k, t xc nh chnh ct lng.
C hai nhnh u t thng ng nn khi
chnh p sut ln th ct cht lng s dng rt cao,
ng p k phi di
2.1 p k cht lng ch U
Cu to - nguyn l hot ng
2.2 Vi p k
h
Po
Pkq
P
o
l

h
P
kq
Cu to - nguyn l hot ng
2.3 Baromet thy ngn
P
Chn khng
tuyt i
Chn khng
tuyt i
Nguyn l hot ng
Da theo s bin dng c hc ca cc phn t
n hi di tc dng ca p lc. V vy, p k c
hc cn c gi l p k n hi
Phn loi
+ p k ng n hi
+ p k mng n hi
+ p k xiphong
3 p k c hc (n hi)
6/25/2011
11
p k ng n hi mt
vng
Nhc im
Thng xy ra s n hi
tr.
Mt khc gc m do n hi
ca ng mt vng thng nh
(7 8
0
)nn i hi phi c c
cu truyn ng nhy qua
kim ch th
3.1 p k ng n hi
p k ng n hi
nhiu vng
S vng xon 2 9; gc
m u t do c th n
540; nn kim ch th
quay mt gc rng trn
thang o.
3.1 p k ng n hi
Phn t n hi c s dng l cc vt liu n
hi nh: vi, tm cao su, thp, ng thau,
Mng n hi: mng phng, mng gn sng,
mng n hi c l xo, mng hp n, mng hp
kp.
3.2 p k mng n hi
Cu to
3.2 p k mng n hi
6/25/2011
12
u im
t b nh hng bi va p, mi trng n mn
ha hc
Nhc im
- Kch thc mng ln
- Qu ti c s bin dng d
- Sai s ln khi nhit mi trng xung quanh
cao
- chnh xc khng cao
3.2 p k mng n hi
p k xiphong kim ch th
p k xiphong t ghi
3.3 p k xiphong
Nguyn l:
Da vo s cn bng lc to ra bi p sut o,
vi trng lng vt i trng v ca pittng t
trong xilanh.
Tr s p sut c xc nh bi khi lng ca
vt i trng v pittng vi din tch hiu dng
ca pittng
4 p k pittong
F
G
F
G G
P =
+
=
2 1
4 p k pittong
Cu to
6/25/2011
13
Nguyn l
Hot ng da trn nguyn l bin i in
tr. p sut bin i lm in tr thay i
Phn loi
+ p k bin tr
+ p k in tr lc cng (p k Tenzo)
+ p k p in
5 p k in
p k bin tr hot ng da vo tnh cht thay
i in tr ca mt s vt liu di tc dng ca
p sut.
Vt liu thng dng: cht bn dn, maganin,
constantan, vonfram, nikel, crom, bch
kim,Thc t hay dng mangan.
Khi p sut thay i, in tr ca maganin cng
bin i theo mi quan h sau.
5.1 p k bin tr
) . 1 .(
0
P K R R
p
+ =
Cu to
5.1 p k bin tr
UN
P
Nguyn l
p k in tr lc cng l dng c o p sut hot
ng trn c s hiu ng Tenzo.
Hiu ng Tenzo: khi dy dn b bin dng c hc
th in tr ca n cng thay i.
S bin i in tr theo hiu ng Tenzo cn gi
l bin i in tr lc cng
5.2 p k in tr lc cng
6/25/2011
14
Cu to s mch o
5.2 p k in tr lc cng
R
T
K
U
R
B
P
1
2
R
1
R
2
R
t
U
RA
Bo hien th
ket qua
Phn t cm bin o p sut cao
5.2 p k in tr lc cng
RT1
RT1
RB1
RB2
RT2
P
Yu cu in tr lc cng
+ Vt liu ch to phi c nhy cao.
+ H s nhit gin n chiu di nh.
+ Vt liu l dy in tr phi c in tr sut ln.
+ Cn phi b nhit trong mch o.
5.2 p k in tr lc cng
Nguyn tc hot ng:
Da hiu ng PIEZO - Tc dng lc c hc
vo vt liu, trn b mt vt liu xut hin in
tch, cn bn trong xy ra s phn cc, v ngc
li.
Hin tng ny c gi l hiu ng p in
mt s loi vt liu: tinh th thch anh, mui st,
bari titanat
5.3 p k p in
6/25/2011
15
Cu to p k p in thch anh.
5.3 p k p in
u im
khng b tr, thun li o p sut bin i nhanh
Nhc im
bin dng cc phn t p in rt nh
(khong vi micrmt)
t p dng cho vic o p sut tnh.
Khc kh
5.3 p k p in
Sinh vin thamkho gio trnh
6 Cc loi p k khc
Chn p k ph hp
- Mc p sut cn o.
- Tnh cht l, ha ca mi trng cn o.
Ch cc iu kin; yu t dn n sai s
h thng
- Cu to ca phn t tip nhn.
- Cch lp t p k.
7 Cch s dng p k
6/25/2011
16
V tr, cu to ca phn t tip nhn c khc nhau
ph thuc vo loi p sut
p sut tnh
- p sut o ti mt im trong dng lu cht
khng b kch ng.
- Phn t tip nhn phi dch chuyn theo hng
dng lu cht, vi vn tc bng vn tc dng chy.
7.1 Cu to; v tr lp t phn t
tip nhn
Yu cu v tr, cu to lp t
- Khoan l m bo trc l
vung gc hng dng chy
- ng knh l tip nhn
khng nn qu ln
+ Vi kh: d s 1,5mm
+ Vi lng: d = 2 4mm
- B mt khoan l v thnh
ng phi phng phiu
7.1 Cu to; v tr lp t phn t
tip nhn
p sut ton phn (p sut hm, p sut
im ti hn)
7.1 Cu to; v tr lp t phn t
tip nhn
im tip nhn p sut v p k nn b tr trn
on ng thng - pha trn, hoc hai bn
thnh ng trnh gy tc ng dn p sut
Khi o p sut lu cht c nhit cao, vn tc
ln, h thng b rung, ng dn p nn un ch
Uhoc xon li.
Trc p k phi lp van kha
7.2Cch lp t p k
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17
Khi qut
Lu lng k chnh p bin thin
Lu lng k chnh p khng i
o lu lng bng lu tc k
Lu lng k th tch
Chng 4: o lu lng
Lu lng l g?
- Lu lng khi lng
- Lu lng th tch
- Lu lng mol
Trng thi lu cht
- Lu lng lng
- Lu lng kh
- Lu lng hi
1 khi qut
Phn loi lu lng k
- Da vo chnh p bin thin
- Da vo chnh p khng i
- Da vo vn tc dng chy
- Da vo phng php th tch
- Da vo c s nhit hc
- Da vo phng php, nguyn l c bit
1 khi qut
Nguyn l:
Da vo s gim tit lu t ngt ca dng lu cht.
Phng tin o: s kt hp gia thit b tit lu v
hiu p k o chnh lch p sut trc v sau
tit lu.
Cu to:
2 lu lng k c chnhp
binthin
Chnh lch
p sut
Chnh lch
p sut
Gin o
p sut
p CK Q A =
4
_
2
1
2
4
|
.
|

\
|
=
D
d
g d
K
t
6/25/2011
18
Phn loi thit b tit lu:
- Thit b tit lu l phn t cm bin ca lu lng
k c chnh p bin thin.
- Lu lng hiu p sut trc v sau tit lu.
- Hiu p sut ny c o bng hiu p k
Ty vo cu to v v tr lp t, thit b tit
lu c th c phn loi
- Mng tit lu
- Vi tit lu
- ng tit lu
2 lu lng k c chnhp
binthin
Mng tit lu: Dng a mng, tit din tit lu hnh trn
hoc vin phn, cnh sc nhn
2 lu lng k c chnhp
binthin
ng o
p sut
B phn
ly mu
Vi tit lu: Vi tit lu l thit lu c tit din tit
lu hnh trn nhng phn ming vo c dng thu
hp dn, phn gia c dng hnh tr
2 lu lng k c chnhp
binthin
ng tit lu: Thng s dng ng Ventury. ng
Ventury l thit b c tit din tit lu hnh trn
nhng phn ming vo thu hp dn u, phn
gia c dng hnh tr, cn phn ming loe hnh
cn
2 lu lng k c chnhp
binthin
u o p
sut thp
u o p
sut cao
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19
Nguyn l:
- Dng lu cht chy bao trm qua phao hoc con
i v chng lun lun trng thi cn bng.
- Khi phao hoc con i chuyn ng th tit din
dng lu cht i qua s thay i.
- Kt cu ca s bin i tit din c tnh ton sao
cho m tit din vi lu lng ph thuc tuyn
tnh
+rotamet
+ lu lng k phao
+ lu lng k pittong
3 lu lng k c chnh p
khng i
Cu to Rotamet
- Thng l ng mica hnh
cn, con i bn trong c
th dch chuyn c.
- Phao (con i) c cu to:
a phng, hnh tr, nhng
thng l hnh cn
3 lu lng k c chnh p
khng i - Rotamet
Hot ng Rotamet
- Lu lng cng ln th con
i cng c y ln cao.
- Khi lc tc dng bi dng
lu cht cn bng vi trng
lc ca con i th con i
s t trng thi cn bng
3 lu lng k c chnh p
khng i - Rotamet
Hot ng Rotamet
- Lu lng c xc nh theo khong cch
dch chuyn ca con i.
- Ti v tr cn bng
3 lu lng k c chnh p
khng i - Rotamet
2 2 2
_
1
274 , 1
4
. d
G
d
G
F
G
P P P = = = = A
t
6/25/2011
20
Hot ng Rotamet
- Lu lng qua rotamet c xc nh qua cng
thc
3 lu lng k c chnh p
khng i - Rotamet
( ) s kg G
d
F
P P F Q
m
/ , .
. . 596 , 1
2 . .
0
2 1 0
p
o
p o = =
( ) s m
G
d
F
P P F Q
v
/ ,
. . 596 , 1 2
. .
3 0
2 1 0
p
o
p
o = =
- F
0
l tit din sng gia thnh trong ca ng
Rotamet vi mp ngoi ca con i tit din
c ng knh d
Lu khi s dng rotamet:
- Mi Rotamet ch dng o lu lng cho
mt lu cht nht nh.
- Khi lp Rotamet vo h thng lun lun phi
b tr dng lu cht chuyn ng t di ln.
- Dng lu cht cn o lu lng phi tng i
trong sut c th nhn thy con i
3 lu lng k c chnh p
khng i - Rotamet
S th nghim kim nh rotamet:
3 lu lng k c chnh p
khng i - Rotamet
1
2
3
4
u im
- Kt cu n gin.
- C th o c lu lng nh.
- n gin v d dng khi o.
- Khong o tng i rng.
- C th s dng o lu lng ca cc lu cht c
tnh cht ph hy mnh
Nhc im
- Khng thch hp o lu lng dng lu cht nhit
cao 100
0
C, p sut cao (> 0,50,6 MPa).
- Khng cho php truyn kt qu o i xa.
- D v
3 lu lng k c chnh p khng i -
Rotamet
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21
Nguyn tc hot ng
- Lu lng c xc nh da trn c s vn tc
dng lu cht
C th phn chia thnh ba loi chnh
- o lu lng bng lu tc k kiu tuabin.
- o lu lng bng ng lu tc (ng o vn tc)
- o lu lng bng cc lu tc k khc
4 o lu lng bng lu
tc k
o lu lng bng lu tc k kiu tuabin
- Tuabin vi cnh thng, cong t trong dng chy
- Vn tc vng quay ca tuabin t l vi vn tc dng
chy
- Ph bin dng lu tc k tuabin c b bin i s
cp theo nguyn l cm ng in t
4 o lu lng bng lu tc k
1
2
3
4
6 7 5
u cm bin
Cnh qut
Khung
o lu lu lng bng ng lu tc (ng
pitot)
- o lu lng dng chy qua tit din khng i
l xc nh vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy
- Lu lng: Q = v
tb
F
- Ti mt im bt k trong dng chy
4 o lu lng bng lu tc
k
g
v
g
P
P
TP
2
2
+ =
( )
t TP
P P

v
_ 2
=
o lu lu lng bng ng lu tc (ng
pitot)
- i vi ng dn c tit din khng i th p
sut tnh v p sut ton phn hai im gn
nhau thay i khng ng k C th gn p
k ch U o p sut ng
4 o lu lng bng lu tc k
d s 0,035D
6/25/2011
22
o lu lu lng bng ng lu tc k kiu
cm ng in t
4 o lu lng bng lu tc
k
KD
1 2 3 4 5 6
o lu lu lng dng phong tc k
4 o lu lng bng lu tc
k
Lu lng k th tch dng o lu lng cht
lng c nht n 3.10
-4
m
2
/s
Lu lng k th tch c chnh xc tng i
cao
- Lu lng k kiu bung.
- Lu lng k kiu pittng.
- Lu lng k kiu bnh rng hnh van.
- Lu lng k kiu bnh xe ln.
- Lu lng k dng bnh nh lng
5 lu lng k th tch
o lu lng bng bnh nh lng
Kt cu n gin, chnh xc kh cao,
thng dng kim nh phng php o lu
lng khc
- o lu lng bng bnh nh lng trong h
thng h
- o lu lng bng bnh nh lng trong h
thng kn
5 lu lng k th tch
6/25/2011
23
o lu lng bng bnh nh lng trong h thng
h
5 lu lng k th tch
6
5
4
1
7
II
4
1
2 3
I
o lu lng bng bnh nh lng trong h
thng kn
5 lu lng k th tch
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 8
9
I II
Lu lng k bnh rng hnh van v bnh xe
ln
5 lu lng k th tch

2 1
3 3
4 5
Khi qut
o mc cht lng
o mc vt liu ri
Chng 5: o mc cht lng
vt liu ri
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24
Mc k l dng c o mc cht lng v vt
liu ri c s dng rng ri trong sn
xut, ch bin v vn chuyn cht lng
Phn loi theo nguyn l hot ng:
- Mc k c hc: mc k phao ni, n hi
- Mc k thy tnh: mc k phao chm, p sut, p
lc.
- Mc k in: mc k in dn, in dung
- Cc loi mc k khc: mc k ng v phng x,
sng v tuyn v sng m
1 khi qut
Phn loi dng c o mc vt liu ri
Theo mc ch s dng
- Bo mc: bo mc trn hoc bo di.
- Thc thm liu
- o mc lin tc
Theo nguyn l hot ng
- Theo nguyn l p lc: mc k mng n hi,
- Da trn c s ng dng nhng tnh cht in:
mc k in dn v in dung,
1 khi qut
Mc k c hc: da trn lc tc dng c hc
ca lu cht ln phn t cm bin
o Mc k phao ni
2 o mc cht lng
Mc k c hc: da trn
lc tc dng c hc ca
lu cht ln phn t cm
bin
o Mc k phao chm: s
thay i lc y ln
phao. Lc y t l vi
su ca phao chm
trong mc cht lng
2 o mc cht lng
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25
Mc k p lc: p lc khng kh nn qua ng h
c mt u nm trong mc cht lng bn cha
2 o mc cht lng
Mc k hiu p k: dng o mc cht lng nm
trong bnh h hoc chn khng
2 o mc cht lng
- +
m
1
h
h
P
P
( )
m
P P
g
h =
.
1
p
t tnh ca vt liu ri
khc c tnh ca lu cht.
B mt vt liu ri thng
nhp nh ph thuc vo
tng tc gia cc ht v
mi lin kt gia cc ht v
thnh thit b cha
Mc k mng n hi
3 o mc vt liu ri
1
2
3
Mc k tip xc c
1 - ti c in
2 - phanh in
3 rng rc r le
4 ti trng
5 - xenxin cm bin
6 ng h th cp
7 B iu khin
3 o mc vt liu ri
6/25/2011
26
H thng theo di x liu
3 o mc vt liu ri
1
2
o mc bng cn
3 o mc vt liu ri
1
2
3
4
o nng dung dch
o pH
o khi lng ring
o m
o nht
Phntch thnh phn hn hp kh
Chng 6: o thnh phn
hp cht
o khi lng ring bng lc y thy tnh
o khi lng ring
a
F
G
V . g
Cml mg
= p
6/25/2011
27
o khi lng ring bng kh nn
o khi lng ring
1 2
2 1
AP
V
2 1
Kho ng kh ne n
H
gH
P A
= p
Cng thc xc nh nht
o nht
S ) l / (
F
A A v A
= u
Av/Al gradien vn tc, s-1.
AS - din tch b mt lp phn b lc ma st ni,
m
2
.
F lc ma st ni (N)
n v o nht ng lc hc: Pa.s
S dng cc n v nht ng lc: Poa (P) c
c s l Centipoa (cP), c lin h vi n v trong
h SI:
1P = 0,1Pa.s; 1cP = 1mPa.s
Nht k mao dn
o nht
l
3
1
2
Nht k bi ri
o nht
6/25/2011
28
Name
Title
Name
Title
Name
Title
Name
Title
Name
Title
Name
Title
Team Organization