1

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

Tit 39

BI 21 IU CH KIM LAI

I. Mc tiu cn t c HS hiu: Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim HS bit: Cc phng php iu ch kim lai II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin dung dch CuSO4, inh st, ng nghim hnh ch u 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn 3. kim tra bi c III. T chc hat ng dy hc Hat ng ca thy Hat ng ca tr Hat ng 1: nguyn tc iu ch kim lai I. Nguyn tc Mung iu ch kim lai phi lm nh th Nguyn tc iu ch kim lai l kh ion kim lai no? thnh nguyn t Nguyn tc chung ca iu ch kim lai Mn+ + ne M II. Phng php Hat ng 2: cc phng php iu ch kim 1. Phng php nhit luyn lai Kh ion kim lai c tnh kh trung bnh t Zn, + phng php nhit luyn Fe, . Trong hp cht nhit cao bng cht kh mnh nh C,CO, H2 hat cc kim lai hat Gii thiu phng php nhit luyn ng nh nhm. t0 PbO + H2 Pb + H2O t0 Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 Trong CN: cht kh s dng l C 2. Phng php thy luyn + phng php thy luyn Dng cc dung dch nh H2SO4, NaOH, NaCN, ha tan cc hp ca kim lai v tch ra khi phn khnt tan c trong qung. Kh nhng kim lai ny bng nhng kim lai c tnh kh mnh hn nh Fe,Zn,.. Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu +phng php in phn 3. Phng php in phn a. in phn nng chy: /c cc kim lai c tnh kh mnh nh Na,K, Ca,Mg,Al, Nhng kim lai hat dng nh th no mi Al chn phng php in phn nng chy. chng /c Al tdpnc 2O3 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 v tr1i no trong dy hat ng ha hc ca Catot anot kim lai ? /c Mg t MgCl2 TN in phn dung dch CuSO4 dpnc MgCl2 Mg + Cl2 Catot anot b. in phn dung dch /c cc kim lai c tnh kh trung bnh hoc yu /c Cu t dd CuCl2 dpdd CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 Catot anot

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng c. Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc AIt m= nF m: khi lng cht thu c in cc A : khi lng mol nguyn t ca cht in cc n : s e m nguyn t hoc ion cho hoc nhn t: thi gia in phn F : hng s faray l 96500

Hat ng 3: ca c tan bi /c Ca t CaCO3 /c Cu t CuSO4 Vit pthh

IV. Cng c Hat ng 3: ca c tan bi /c Ca t CaCO3 /c Cu t CuSO4 Vit pthh dpnc + ddHCl cocan CaCO3 CaCl2 CaCl2 khan Ca Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Hoc 2CuSO4 +2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4 Hoc CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu BT s 2: +C Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu dpnc + ddHCl cocandd MgO MgCl2 MgCl2 Mg
t Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 3.A t0 4. CuO + CO Cu + CO2 t0 Fe3O4 + 4CO 3Fe+ 4CO2 5.6 nO ( cuaoxit ) = nO ( cuCO ) = = 0.25mol 22.4 mO ( cuaoxit ) = 16.0, 25 = 4 g
0

Khi lng cht rn l 30- 4=26g dpdd 5. 2MSO4 + 2H2O 2M + O2 + 2H2SO4 AIt 2.96500.1,92 m= = 64 suy ra A= nF 3.1930 Kim lai Cu

Tit 40 BI 24:TH C H NH TNH CHT IU CH KIM LOI, S N MN KIM LAI

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

I. Mc tiu cn t c Cng c kin thc v dy in ha, iu ch kim lai, s n mn kim lai Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim thc hnh nh vi ha cht , vi dng c th nghim, k nng lm th nghim vi lng nh ha cht v hp cht ca chng. II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin dng c: ng nhim, gi nng nghim, cc thy tinh, n cn ha cht: Cu,Mg, Fe, HCl, H2SO4,CuSO4 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn III. Hat ng dy hc Hat ng 1: GV lu vi hc sinh khi lm th nghim khng s dng ha cht nhiu, gio vin lm mu TN cho HS quan st. Hat ng 2 th nghim 1 Dy in ha ca kim lai Kho cho ba mu kim loi Fe,Cu, Mg vo dung dch HCl HS a ra nhn xt: Kim lai Cu hat ng ha hc ca Cu, ca Mg, Fe. Tp trung ch yu lng kh H2 that ra l ch yu GV: hng dn lm TN, HS lm th nghim quan st hin tng vit phng trnh ha hc HS gii thch hin tng, vit pthh, gii thc v tr ca cc kim lai trong dha Fe+ HCl FeCl2 + H2 Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2 Hat ng 3: Th nghim 2 iu ch kim lai bng dng kim lai mnh kh ion kim lai yu hn trong dung dch mui. Ch lm sch cy inh st trc khi TN, phn ng din ra nhanh hn Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu HS: vit pthh v gii thch Hat ng 4: Th nghim 3 Dng 3 ng nghim khc ch AlCl3 iu ch Al(OH)3 ng nghim 1: cho t t dd NH3 n d , quan st hin tng, gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng. AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl ng nghim 2: Cho t NaOH n d , quan st hin tng , gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng NaOH + Al(OH)3 NaAlO2 + 2H2O ng nghim 3: Cho t H2SO4 n d 3H2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O HS quan st hin tng, vit pthh gii thch tnh cht lng tnh ca Al(OH)3 Hat ng 4: Nhng cng vic sau bui thc hnh GV: nhn xt nh gi bui thc hnh, yu cu HS vit bn tng trnh HS: thu dn dng c TN, v sinh phng TN, lp hc, vit bng tng trnh. Bng tng trnh Lp. STT H v tn STTtrong S Ni dung TN1: hin tng quan st c, vit pthh, gii thch Tng t cho cc TN cn li

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

Tit 40

BI 23 LUYN TP IU CH KIM LAI V S N MN KIM LAI

I. Mc tiu cn t c Cng c kin thc v iu ch kim lai v n mn kim lai Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp dng kim lai mnh kh ion kim lai yu hn trong dung dch II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin Chn b mt s bi tp theo yu cu trn 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn 3. kim tra bi c /c Ca t CaCO3 /c Cu t CuSO4 Vit pthh dpnc + ddHCl cocan CaCO3 CaCl2 CaCl2 khan Ca Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Hoc 2CuSO4 +2H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4 Hoc CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu BT s 2: +C Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu dpnc + ddHCl cocandd MgO MgCl2 MgCl2 Mg
t Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 3.A III. T chc hat ng dy hc A. L thuyt: 1. iu ch kim lai Nguyn tc chung ? HS: kh ion kim lai thnh kim lai Cc phng php ? HS: hit luyn thy luyn , in phn 2. S n mn kim lai? Khi nim? HS: S n mn kim lai l s ph hy kim lai hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng xung quanh. Phn lai m mn ? HS: n mn ha hc l qu trnh oxi ha kh trong cc electron ca kim lai c chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng. HS: n mn in ha l qu trnh oxi ha kh trong kim lai b n mn do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m sang cc dng. Cc chng n mn kim lai ? HS: Phng php bo v b mt, phng php in ha. B. Bi tp 1.SGK T dd AgNO3 c th c 3 phng php iu ch kim lai? Dng kim lai mnh kh ion kim lai c tnh kh yu
0

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag in phn dung dch AgNO3 dpdd 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3
t C cn , nhit phn 2AgNO3 2Ag + O2+2NO2 T MgCl2 /c Mg ch c mt cch c cn dung dch , in phn nng chy dpnc MgCl2 Mg + Cl2 Catot anot 2.SGK 250.4 = 10 g Khi lng ca AgNO3 c trong 250ml dd l 100 10.17 = 0, 01mol S mol AgNO3 phn ng l ; 100.170 Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag 0,005mol 0,01mol 0,01mol Khi lng ca vt sau phn ng l : 10 + (108.0,01) 64.0,005= 10,76g 3.SGK MxOy + yH2 xM + yH2O 8,96 = 0, 4mol S mol H2 l 22, 4 S mol trong oxi trong xit l 0,4mol . Khi lng ca kim lai M trong oxit l : 23,2-0,4.16=16,8g Ch c s mol kim lai M l o,3 mol v nguyn t ca M l 56 mi ph hp. kim lai M l Fe 4.SGK 2M + 2nHCl 2MCln + nH2 5,376 = 0, 24mol S mol ca H2 l 22, 4 0, 24.2 0, 48 = mol S mol kim lai M l n n 9, 6n Ta c M= bin lun M=40 n=2 l ph hp l Ca 0, 48 5.SGK dpnc 2MCln 2M + nCl2 0,15.2 0,15 n 0,15.2 0,3 = S mol Cl2 l 3,36/22,4=0,15mol nn s nM = n n Ch c n=2 , M=40 l ph hp
0

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

CHNG 6 KIM LAI KIM, KIM LAI KIM TH, NHM Tit 42 BI 25 KIM LAI KIM V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LAI KIM LAI KIM
I. Mc tiu cn t c HS hiu: v tr tnh cht ca kim lai kim, tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim lai kim , nguyn tc iu ch kim loi kim HS bit: nguyn nhn ca tnh kh mnh kim lai kim II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin Bng tun han, bn ph, Ha cht Na, bnh kh O2, bnh kh Cl2, NaOH rn, cc thy tinh, nc dao, mui st 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn 3. kim tra bi c 1.SGK T dd AgNO3 c th c 3 phng php iu ch kim lai? Vfit phthh? III. T chc hat ng dy hc Hat ng ca thy Hat ng ca tr Hat ng 1: tm hiu v tr ca kim lai kim A. Kim lai kim Dng BTH , vit cu hnh electron, v tr ca I. v tr trong BTH , cu hnh electron nguyn cc nguyn t kim lai kim. t IA gm: liti,natri,kali,rubii,xesi v franxi Cu hnh: Li: [He] 2s1 Na: [Ne] 3s1 K : [Ar]4s1 Rb: [Kr] 5s1 Cs: [Xe] 6s1 II. Tnh cht vtl Hat ng 2: Tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca kim Cc kim lai kim c mu trng bc v c nh lai kim kim , dn in tt,nhit nng chy v nhit Th nhim xem tnh cht vt l ca kim lai si thp, khi lung ring nh, cng kim. thp. Cu to: mng tinh th lp phng tm khi c a ra qui lut bin i tnh cht ca cc cu trc rng, nguyn t l ion lin kt rt yu. nguyn t trong nhm IA III. Tnh cht ho hc Cc nguyn t kim lai kim c nng lng ion ha rt nh, v vy kim lai kim c tnh kh rt mnh, tnh kh tng dn t Li n xesi M M+ + e Trong ho85p cht cc kim lai kim c s oxi ha l +1 Hot ng 3 Tm hiu tnh cht ha hc ca 1. Tc dng vi phi kim

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng a. Tc dng vi oxi 2Na + O2(kh) Na2O2(natripeoxit) 4Na + O2( khng kh) 2Na2O b. Tc dng vi clo 2K + Cl2 2KCl 2. Tc dng vi nc K + H2O ( nhit thng) KOH + H2 3. tc dng vi axit Tt c cc kim lai kim u n khi tip xc vi dd axit, kh ion H+ trong HCl, H2SO4 lang thnh H2 2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl +H2 IV. ng dng, trng thi t nhin v iu ch 1. ng dng Ch to hp kim c nhit nng chy thp, dng trong k thut hnh khng, lm t bo quan in. 2. trng thi t nhin Tn ti dng hp cht 3. iu ch M+ + e M in phn nng chy NaCl dpnc NaCl Na +Cl2 B. Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim lai kim I. Natrihidroxit 1. Tnh cht NaOH tan trong nc, khng mu, ta nhit NaOH Na+ + OHNaOH tc dng vi axit axit, axit, mui CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O 2 CO2 + 2OH- CO3 + H2O HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O H+ + OH- H2O CuSO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 2. ng dng Nu x phng, ch phm nhum, t nhn to, . III. Natrihidrocacbonat 1. Tnh cht t tan trong nc , b nhit phn t0 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 l cht lng tnh NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O 2. ng dng Ch thuc dau d dy, lm bt n

kim lai kim Nu cu to nguyn t ca kim lai kim suy ra tnh cht ha hc. TN minh ha tnh cht ca kim lai kim Yu cu vit pthh

Tit 43
Hat ng 4: tm hiu ng v iu ch ng dng : Tm hiu SGK

Nu nguyn tc iu ch kim lai kim Tranh v s s in phn, gii thch Hat ng 5: tm hiu tnh cht ca hp cht kim lai kim Quan st NaOH dng vin kt lun tnh tan ca NaOH, ht m Vit pthh dng phn t ion , ion rt gn. Tm hiu tnh cht ca NaOH

Tm hiu tnh cht ca NaHCO3, vit pthh minh ha Nu tnh cht lng tnh ca NaHCO3

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng III. Natricacbonat 1. Tnh cht Tan c trong nc, mui tinh th ngm nc c CT l Na2CO3.10H2O Mui cacbonat ca kim lai kim trong nc c mi trng kim, c tnh cht chung l t/c ca mui. 2. ng dng Nu thy tinh, bt git, phm nhum, giy,. IV. Kalinitrat Tan nhiu trong nc, khi un nng b phn hy 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 2. ng dng Phn m, thuc sng 2KNO3 + 3C + S N2 +3CO2+K2S

Tm hiu ng SGK Tm hiu tnh cht ca Na2CO3 : tnh tan , tnh cht ca mui Cacbonat, Vit pthh minh ha

Tnh tan ca KNO3, tnh nhit phn ca KNO3 ng dng KNO3 tm hiu SGK, Vit pthh khi KNO3 lm thuc n.

Hat ng 6: cng c bi 1.SGK A 2. SGK.C 3. SGK C 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 1 mol 0,5mol 39/39=1 Mdd= 39+362-0,5.2=400g 56.1 .100 = 14% C%= 400 4.SGKC 5.SGK dpnc 2MCl 2M + Cl2 0,896 = 0, 04 mol 0,08mol 22, 4 M=39g/mol suy ra Kali CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O 6. CaCO3 + 2HCl 100 1mol = 1 mol 100 S mol NaOH l : 60/40=1,5mol CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3 1mol 1mol 1mol NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O 0,5mol 0,5mol 0,5mol Khi lng NaHCO3l 84(1-0,5)=42g khi lng Na2CO3 l 106.0,5=53g Khi lng cht rn thu c l 42+ 53 = 95g 7.SGK t0 s 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2.84g khi lng gim 44+ 18= 62g 84g khi lng gim l 100-69=31g

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

%NaHCO3= 84%; %mNa2CO3= 100-84=16%

Tit 44

BI 26 KIM LAI KIM TH V HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LAI KIM TH

I. Mc tiu cn t c HS hiu: v tr tnh cht ca kim lai kim th trong BTH , tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim lai kim th , nguyn tc iu ch kim lai kim th HS bit: th no l nc cng, nguyn tc , phng php iu ch nc cng. II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin Bng tun han, bn ph, 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn 3. kim tra bi c Vit pthh chng minh tnh lng tnh NaHCO3, KHCO3. Vit pthh Na2CO3 ln lt tc dng vi NaOH, CaCl2, H2SO4, Vit phng trnh /c Na , K t NaCl,NaOH,KOH,KCl III. T chc hat ng dy hc Hat ng ca thy Hat ng ca tr HOT NG 1 A. Kim lai kim th Gv: Yu cu HS vit cc p nhit phn mt s I.V tr v cu hnh electron nguyn t hp cht ca KLKT. V tr ca KLKTtrong bng tun hon: Thuc nhm Iia , gm: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba v Ra(px). Trong mi chu k ng sau KLK. HS: vit p v rt ra nhn xt. 1. cu to ca KLK th: - l nguyn t s - Cu hnh e ngoi cng TQ: ns2. Hi: Hy nghin cu bng tnh tan ca cc cht - Xu hng nhng 2e to ion M2+. v cho bit tnh tanca cc mui v hidroxit Vd. Mg Mg 2+ + 2e ca KLKT ? [Ne]3s2 HOT NG 2 II.Tnh cht vt l: HS: nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Ca(OH)2 - Tonc v tos tng i thp da vo quan st mu Ca(OH)2. - Kim loi thuc nhm IIA c cng Hi: dung dch Ca(OH)2 c tnh cht g ? hy cao hn KLK nhng mm hn nhm v nu nhng tnh cht ho hc c trng v vit nhng kim loi nh, v c d<g/cm3 p minh ho. - Kiu mng tinh th: khng ging nhau. HS:

10

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 GV: hng dn HS lp t l: nOH-/nCO2. Ca(OH)2 + FeCl2 Hi: hy cho bit nhng ng dng trong thc t ca Ca(OH)2 m em bit ? HS: nghin cu SGK v tr li. HOT DNG 3 Hi: CaCO3 l mui ca axit no ? hy nu nhng tnh cht hoa hc ca CaCO3 ? HS: vit ptp minh ho. GV: CaCO3 phn ng vi CO2 v H2O to ra mui axit, hy vit phn ng xy ra chiu thun gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma i vi vi, chiu nghch gt s to thnh thch nh trong cc hang ng, cn vi trong m un nc. HOT NG 4 HS: c nhng ng dng ca CaCO3 Hi: canxicacbonat kt tinh c my loi ?

Tit 45
- c thch cao nung v thch cao khan ta phi thc hin qu trnh no ? HOT NG 5 Gv: vit cc p nhit phn mt s hp cht ca KLKT.

vit p v rt ra nhn xt.?

III. Tnh cht ho hc: KLK th c tnh kh mnh, yu hn KLK. Tnh kh tng dn t Be Ba. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: - Khi t nng, KLK th p vi oxi(chy). VD: 2Mg + O2 2MgO TQ: 2M + O2 2MO - Tc dng vi Hal: VD: Ca + Cl2 CaCl2 2. Tc dng vi axit: - KLK th kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit thnh H2 VD: Ca + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2 TQ: M + 2H+ M2+ + H2 HNO3 , H2SO4 c kim la kim tth kh N+5 ,S+6 thnh N-3,S-2 4Mg + 10HNO3lang 4Mg(NO3)2+ NH4NO3+H2O 4Mg + 5H2SO4 c 4MgSO4 + H2S + 4H2O 3. Tc dng vi nc: - Be khng p - Mg: p chm nhit thng. - Ca,Sr,Ba p nhit thng. VD: Ca + 2 H2O Ca(OH)2 +H2 to Mg + 2H2O MgO + H2 * iu ch: * P2: pnc mui halogenua. Vd: pnc MgCl2 Mg + Cl2 TQ: pnc MX2 M + X2 B. Mt s hp cht quan trng ca canxi 2Mg(NO3)2 to 2MgO +4NO2 +O2 CaCO3 CaO + CO2

Hy nghin cu bng tnh tan ca cc cht v to Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O cho bit tnh tanca cc mui v hidroxit ca 1. canxihidroxit: KLKT ? tnh cht: HOT NG 6 - l cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc HS: nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Ca(OH)2 - dung dch Ca(OH)2 (nc vi trong) l da vo quan st mu Ca(OH)2. mt baz mnh. Hi: dung dch Ca(OH)2 c tnh cht g ? hy Ca2+ + 2OHnu nhng tnh cht ho hc c trng v vit Ca(OH)2 - dung dch Ca(OH)2 c nhng tnh cht p minh ho. ca mt dung dch baz kim. VD: Ca(OH)2 + HNO3

11

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 GV: hng dn HS lp t l: nOH-/nCO2.

Ca(OH)2 + CuSO4 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O 2. Canxicacbonat: Ca(OH)2 + FeCl2 Tnh cht: - l cht rn mu trng khng tan trong hy cho bit nhng ng dng trong thc t ca nc Ca(OH)2 m em bit ? - l mui ca axit yu nn p vi nhng HS: nghin cu SGK v tr li. axit mnh hn HOT DNG 7 VD: CaCO3 + HCl Hi: CaCO3 l mui ca axit no ? hy nu CaCO3 + CH3COOH nhng tnh cht hoa hc ca CaCO3 ? - phn ng vi CO2 v H2O: CaCO3 + CO2 H2O Ca(HCO3)2

Tit 46
HS: vit ptp minh ho. CaCO3 phn ng vi CO2 v H2O to ra mui axit, hy vit phn ng xy ra chiu thun gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma i vi vi, chiu nghch gt s to thnh thch nh trong cc hang ng, cn vi trong m un nc. HOT NG 8 c nhng ng dng ca CaCO3 Hi: canxicacbonat kt tinh c my loi ? - c thch cao nung v thch cao khan ta phi thc hin qu trnh no ?

HOT NG 9 Nc c vai tr nh th no i vi i sng con ngi v sn xut? Nc sinh hot hng ngy ly t u? L ngun nc g? GV: thng bo Nc t nhin ly t sng sui, ao h. nc ngm l nc cng, vy nc cng l g? Nc mm l g? ly vd

HOT NG 10 GV: Tu thuc vo thnh phn anion gc axit

3. Canxi sunfat: CaSO4 - l cht rn, mu trng , t tan trong nc. - tu theo lng nc kt tinh m ta c 3 loi: . CaSO4.2H2O: thch cao sng . 2CaSO4. H2O: thch cao nung . CaSO4 : thch cao khan. 2CaSO4 . 2H2O 2CaSO4.H2O + 3 H2O * ng dng C. Nc cng 1.khi nim: - Nc c vai tr cc k quan trng i vi i sng con ngi v sn xut. - Nc thng dng l nc t nhin c ho tan mt s hp cht ca canxi, magie nh: Ca(HCO3)2 , Mg(HCO3)2 ..., CaSO4, MgSO4, CaCl2 ... v vy nc t nhin c cha cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+. Nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+ gi l nc cng. nc c cha t hoc khng cha cc ion trn gi l nc mm. Phn loi nc cng: Tu thuc vo thnh phn anion gc axit c trong nc cng, chia lm 2 loi:

12

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

c trong nc cng , ngi ta chia lm 2 loi: Nc cng tm thi: l nc cng c cha GV: Ly vd cc mui trong nc cng tm thi anion HCO3-. ( ca cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 , HS: tm ra c im ca nc cng tm thi Mg(HCO3)2 ) Nc cng vnh cu: l nc cng c cha HS: Nghin cu sgk v cho bit nc cng tm cc ion Cl-, SO42- hoc c 2. ( ca cc mui thi v nc cng vnh cu khc nhau im CaCl2, CaSO4, MgCl2...). no ? 2.Tc hi ca nc cng: HOT NG 11 Hi: Trong thc t em bit nhng tc hi GV m thoi vi hc sinh cc tc hi ca no ca nc cng ? nc cng . HS: c sgk v tho lun 3. Cch lm mm nc cng: HOT NG12 Nguyn tc: lm gim nng ion Ca2+, Mg2+ Gv: Nh chng ta bit nc cng c cha trong nc cng bng cch chuyn 2 ion t do cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, vy theo cc em ngyun tc ny vo hp cht khng tan hoc thay th lm mm nc cng l g? chng bng nhng cation khc. c 2 phng php: Phng php kt ta: Hi: Nc cng tm thi c cha nhng mui a) i vi nc cng tm thi: no ? khi ung nng th c nhng phn ng ho - un osi trc khi dng t hc no xy ra ? M(HCO3)2 MCO3 + CO2 + H2O lc b kt ta c nc mm. - Dng nc vi trong va : - C th dng nc vi trong va M(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 MCO3 + CaCO3 trung ho mui axit tnh mui trung + 2H2O ho khng tan , lc b cht khng tan b) i vi nc cng vnh cu: c nc mm. dng cc dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4 lm Hi: Khi cho dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4 vo mm nc. nc cng tm thi hoc vnh cu th c hin M2+ + CO32- MCO3 tng g xy ra ? Vit p di dng ion. 3M2+ + 2PO43- M3(PO4)2 Phng php trao i ion: cho nc cng i HOT NG 13 qua cht trao i ion( ionit), cht ny hp th Gv: Da trn kh nng c th trao i ion ca Ca2+, Mg2+, gii phng Na+, H+ nc mm . mt s cht cao phn t t nhin hoc nhn to. 4.Nhn bit ion Ca2+ Mg2+ trong dung dch Vd: natri silicat Ta dng dd mui cha ion CO32- to ra kt ta CaCO3 hoc MgCO3. dn kh CO2 d vo nu kt ta tan chng t c mt GV ch HS vit pthh trong trng hp Mg2+ Ca2+,Mg2+ trong dd. Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 tan Cng c: BT 1.SGK B 2.SGK A 3.SGK.B CaCO3 + 2 HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2 O Xmol xmol MgCO3 +2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O Y mol y mol

13

GIAO N12 C BN vy x=0,02 2 100 = 70, 4% %mCaCO3= 2,84

GV : Hong Anh Trng

100x + 84y=2,84 v x+y=0,672/22,4 mCaCO3 = 0,02.100=2g

%mMgCO3= 29,6%

4.SGKC M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2 5,55 2 = 0, 05mol S mol Cl2 l M=2/0,05=40g/mol 71 5.SGK CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 0,05mol 0,05mol vy s mol CO2 l 1,68/22,4=0,075mol CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O 0,05mol 0,05mol 0,05mol CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 0,025mol (0,075-0,05) 0,05 Khi lng CaCO3 = 100(0,05-0,025)=2,5mol b. khi un nng dd t0 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O 0,025mol 0,025mol Khi un nng khi lng kt ta ti a l 5g

Tit 47

BI 27 NHM V HP CHT CA NHM

I. Mc tiu cn t c 1. Bit c v tr ca nhm trong bng tun hon, bit cu to nguyn t v bit c cu hnh electron v s e ho tr ca Al. 2. Bit nhng tnh cht vt l quan trng ca Al: dn in, dn nhit tt, nh v bn. 3. Nm c tnh cht ho hc ca Al l tnh kh mnh, trong cc phn ng ho hc n d b oxi ho thnh ion c in tch duy nht l Al3+. gii thch c tnh cht ny v c kh nng dn ra c nhng phn ng ho hc minh ho tnh kh mnh ca Al. 4. T nhng tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca Al, HS suy ra nhng ng dng quan trng. II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin Bng tun han, bn ph, Ha cht: nhm, ddHCl,ddH2SO4,NaOH,NH3,HgCl2, dng c th nghim 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn 3. kim tra bi c C bao nhiu cp cht ph c vi nhau,vit pthh trong cc trng hp sau: NaHCO3,Ca(OH)2, Mg(HCO3)2, NaOH, CaCO3, HCl Phng php lm mm nc cng tm thi. vit pthh minh ha? III. T chc hat ng dy hc Hat ng ca thy Hat ng ca tr HOT NG 1 I. V tr v cu to: Vit cu hnh e ca nhm v cho bit v tr ca 1. V tr ca nhm trong bng tun

14

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

nhm trong BTH. hon: 2 2 6 2 1 l Treo BTH v yu cu: 13 A : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p Xc nh trong mi chu k , nhm III A, kim v tr: chu k 3, nhm IIIA loi nhm ng sau v trc nguyn t no ? - Trong chu k Al ng sau Mg, trc Si Hi: 1) Hy cho bit nhm thuc loi nguyn - Trong nhm IIIA: Al ng sau B. t g ? c bao nhiu e ho tr ? 2. Cu to ca nhm: - L nguyn t p, c 3 e ho tr. Xu hng nhng 3 e to ion Al3+ Al Al3+ + 3e 2 1 2) Nhn xt g v nng lng ion ho ca nhm [Ne]3s 3p [Ne] t cho bit tnh cht c bn ca nhm v s - Trong hp cht nhm c s oxi ho +3 oxi ho ca n trong cc hp cht vd: Al2O3, AlCl3 HOT NG 2 II. Tnh cht vt l ca nhm nghin cu sgk v tho lun rt ra nhng tnh (sgk) cht vt l quan trng ca nhm. III. Tnh cht ho hc: o HOT NG 3 E Al /Al = -1,66 V; I1, I2, I3 thp Al l kim da vo cu to nguyn t, EoAl /Al ; Nng loi c tnh kh mnh. ( yu hn KLK, KLK lng ion ho cu nhm, hy cho bit tnh cht 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: tc dng trc ho hc ca nhm l g ? tip v mnh lit vi nhiu phi kim. Vd: 4 Al + 3O2 2 Al2O3 ly vd v mt s phn ng ca nhm vi phi kim hc. 2 Al + 3Cl2 2 AlCl3 xc nh s oxi ho v vai tr cu Al kh nhiu phi kim thnh ion m . 2. Tc dng vi axit: nhm trong phn ng trn. a) Vi cc dung dch axit HCl, HOT NG 4 H2SO4long: Lm th nghim: cho mt mu nhm vo dung dch HCl, cho HS quan st hin tng v yu Vd: 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 cu HS vit ptp xy ra dng phn t v ion 2Al + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2 Pt ion: 2Al + 6H+ 2 Al3+ + 3H2 thu gn. Al kh ion H+ trong dung dch axit thnh hidro t do. b) Vi dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c: - Al khng p vi HNO3 c ngui, Hi: 1) Al c p c vi dung dch HNO 3 c H2SO4 c ngui. ngui, H2SO4 c ngui? v sao ? - Vi cc axit HNO3 c nng, HNO3 long, H2SO4 c nng: Al kh c +5 + 6 N v S xung nhng mc oxi ho 2) Hy vit p ca Al vi HNO3 long, H2SO4 thp hn.to c, nng ? Al + 6HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O Al + H2SO4 3. Tc dng vi H2O: Do EoAl /Al < Eo H O/H Al kh c nc. HOT NG 5 Hi: 1) Cho EoAl /Al < Eo H O/H , vy nhm c 2Al + 6H2O 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2 phn ng dng li nhanh v c lp Al(OH)3 tc dng c vi nc khng ? 2) V sao nhng vt bng nhm hng ngy tip khng tan trong H2O bo v lp nhm bn xc vi nc d nhit cao nhng khng trong. 4. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: xy ra phn ng ?
3+ 3+ 3+

3+

15

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

HOT NG 6 - nhit cao, Al kh c nhiu ion Gv: nhit cao, Al c th kh c nhiu kim loi km hot dng hn trong oxit ( o ion kim loi trong oxit thnh kim loi t do, FeO, CuO, t...) thnh kim loi t do. phn ng to nhiu nhit. Vd: Fe2O3 + 2 Al Al2O3 + 2 Fe 2 Al + 3 CuO Hi: Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca cc phn ng phn ng nhit nhm. trn v cho bit loi ca p. 5. Tc dng vi baz: nhm tc dng vi Vit p: Al + Ba(OH)2 + H2O dung dch baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2.... vd:2Al +2NaOH +6H2O2Na[Al(OH)4] +3H2 HOT NG 7 natri aluminat Nghin cu nhng ng dng trong sgk IV. ng dng v sn xut: 1. ng dng: Treo s thng in phn Al2O3 nng chy. 2. Sn xut : Qua 2 cng on: cng on tinh ch qung boxit Quan st, m t cc phn ca thng in phn cng on pnc Al2O3 v vit cc qu trnh xay ra ti in cc. - h nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 t 2050o C xung 900oC, ho tan Al2O3 trong criolit n/c. HOT NG 8 pnc, xt Hc sinh quan st mu ng Al2O3 , nhn xt ptp: Al2O3 2Al + 3/2 O2 cc hin tng vt l. B. Mt s hp cht ca nhm I. Nhm oxit: Al2O3 - Trong t nhin Al2O3 tn ti nhng 1. Tnh cht vt l v trng thi t nhin: dng no? - L cht rn mu trng, khng tan v khng tc dng vi nc.ton/c > 2000oC - rubi v saphia, hin nay iu ch - Trong v qu t, Al2O3 tn ti cc nhn to. dng sau: + Tinh th Al2O3 khan l qu rt cng: corinddon trong sut, khng mu. HOT NG 9 + rubi(hng ngc): mu Thng bo, ion Al3+ c in tch ln nn lc + saphia: mu xanh. ht gia ion Al3+ v ion O2- rt mnh, to ra lin 2. Tnh cht ho hc: kt trong Al2O3 rt bn vng. a) Al2O3 l hp cht rt bn: - Al2O3 l hp cht ion, dng tinh th n rt bn v mt ho hc, ton/c = Lm th nghim: cho Al2O3 tc dng vi dung 2050oC. dch HCl, NaOH, cho hc sinh quan st hin - Cc cht: H2, C, CO, khng kh c tng. Al2O3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra b) Al2O3 l cht lng tnh: Kt lun tnh cht ca Al2O3 - Tc dng vi axit mnh: C) ng dng ca Al2O3: Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3 H2O - HS nghin cu sgk v cho bit cc ng dng Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3 H2O ca nhm oxit.(sx nhm, lm trang sc...) C tnh cht ca oxit baz. - Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh: HOT NG 10 AL2O3 +2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] Al(OH)3 l hp cht kem bn i vi nhit, b phn hu khi un nng. Hy vit phng trnh Al2O3 +2OH- + 3H2O 2[Al(OH)4]phn ng xy ra ? C tnh cht ca oxit axit .

Tit 48

16

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng II. Nhm hidroxit: Al(OH)3. 1. Tnh cht ho hc: a) Tnh bn vi nhit: to 2 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3 H2O b) L hp cht lng tnh: - Tc dng vi cc dung dch axit mnh: 3 HCl + Al(OH)3 AlCl3 + 3 H2O 3 H+ + Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3 H2O - Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh : Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4] Al(OH)3 + OH- [Al(OH)4]- Nhng vt bng nhm b ho tan trong dung dch NaOH, Ca(OH)2 ..l do : mng bo v: Al2O3 +2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] 2 Al + 6 H2O 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2 Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4] III. Nhm sunfat: Al2(SO4)3. Quan trng l phn chua: Cng thc ho hc: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O Hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O * ng dng: Phn chua c dng trong cng nghip thuc da, CN giy.... IV. Cch nhn bit ion Al3+ trong dung dch Cho t t dd NaOH n d Al 3+ + 3OH Al (OH )3 Al (OH )3 + OH AlO2 + 2 H2 O

Lm th nghim: Dung dch HCl

Al(OH)3 Dung dch NaOH

Al(OH)3 Quan st hin tng xy ra v vit phng trnh phn ng chng minh hin tng . Hi: V sao nhng vt bng nhm khng tan nc nhng b ho tan trong dung dch NaOH ? HOT NG 11 Hi: V sao phn chua c th lm trong nc ? Cho HS quan st hin tng, ri vit phng trnh ph gii thch

Cng c bi: Han thnh : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Al AlCl3 Al (OH )3 NaAlO2 Al (OH )3 Al2 O3 Al BTSGK 2 Cho t t dd AlCl3 vo dd NaOH th kt ta khng tan, ngc li c kt ta ri kt tatan dn 3. D 4. C 5. 8, 96 nH 2 = = 0, 4mol ; 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3H 2 22, 4 Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H 2 ; 2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H2 O 2 NaAlO2 + 3H2 nAl = 0, 2mol ; nH 2 (2) = 0, 4 0,3 = 0,1, nMg = 0,1mol ; mMg = 2, 4 g ; mAl = 5, 4 g 6. a. NaOH thiu

17

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

AlCl3 + 3 NaOH Al (OH )3 + 3 NaCl

t 2 Al (OH )3 Al2 O3 + 3H2 O
0

2,55 0,15 = 0, 025mol , nNaOH (1) = 0, 05.3 = 0,15mol; CM = = 0, 75M 102 0, 2 b. NaOH d mt phn AlCl3 + 3 NaOH Al (OH )3 + 3 NaCl 0, 05mol 0,1mol 0,3mol 0,3mol Al (OH )3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2 O
t 2 Al (OH )3 Al2 O3 + 3H2 O
0

2,55 = 0, 025mol , nAl (OH )3 (2) = 0,1 0, 05 = 0, 05mol 102 0,15 + 0, 05 nNaOH (2) = 0, 05mol ; CM = = 1, 75M 0, 2 7. Ch dng nc, nhn bit c bn kim lai. Cho cc kim lai vo nc: Phn ng mnh gii phng kh thu c dung dch trong sut l Na Phn ng mnh gii phng kh thu c dung dch vn c l Ca v to ra Ca(OH)2 t tan Dd NaOH p vi hai kim lai cn li. Kim lai c phn ng l nhm, kim lai khng phn ng l Fe 8. AIt 27.9,56.300 2,16 m= = = 2, 7 g ; h = .100 = 80% nF 3.96500 2, 7 0, 05mol

Tit 49 BI 28 LUYN TP TNH CHT CA KIM LAI KIM,KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG

I. Mc tiu cn t c Cng c kin thc kim lai kim , kim th, v mt s hp cht quan thng ca chng. Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v cc kim loi ni trn v hp cht ca chng. II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin Bn ph,bi tp SGK 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn 3.kim tra bi c Han thnh : (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Al AlCl3 Al (OH )3 NaAlO2 Al (OH )3 Al2 O3 Al III. T chc hat ng dy hc Hat ng 1 I. Kin thc cn nh 1. kim lai kim v kim th GV hi: cho bit v tr ca kim lai nhm IA v IIA trong BTH ? Cu hnh electron lp ngai cng? Tnh cht ha hc c trng iu ch

18

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

2. Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim lai nhm IA,IIA NaOH l Baz mnh. HS vit pthh NaHCO3 l cht km bn vi nhit, cht lng tnh HS vit pthh Na2CO3 c tnh cht ca mui, dd qi tm thnh xanh Hs vit pthh KNO3 l cht km bn vi nhit HS vit pthh Ca(OH)2 l cht c tnh baz HS vit phthh CaCO3 l cht km bn vi nhit HS vit pthh Ca(HCO3)2 l cht lng tnh HS vit pthh CaSO4 thch cao. C ba loi HS cho bit CTHH ca ba lai ? 3. Nc cng HS: khi nim nc cng? phn loi nc cng, cch lm mm nc cng

Tit 50
Hat ng 2 Bi tp gio vin hng dn phng php lm, HS lm trn bng ri ging li 1. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H 2O KOH + HCl KCl + H 2O 40 x + 56 y = 3, 04;58,5 x + 74,5 y = 4,15 x = 0, 02, y = 0, 04, mNaOH = 0,8 g ; mKOH = 2, 24 g 2. lp t l gia CO2 v Ca(OH)2, Vit phng S mol CO2 l 0,3mol CO2+ Ca(OH)2CaCO3 +H2O 0,25mol 0,25mol 0,25mol CO2 d 0,05 mol CaCO3+ CO2+H2O Ca(HCO3)2 0,05mol 0,05mol 0,05mol s mol CaCO3 cn li l 0,25-0,05=0,2mol Khi lng CaCO3 l 0,2.100=20g p an C 3. p n C 4. MgCO3 + 2 HCl MaCl2 + CO2 + H2 O BaCO3 + 2 HCl BaCl2 + CO2 + H2 O nCO2 = nMgCO3 + nBaCO3 = 0, 2mol ; a = 29,89% 5. p n C 28, 2.a 28,1(100 a) + = 0, 2 100.84 100.197

19

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

in phn nng chy CaCl2 6. p n C CO2+ Ca(OH)2CaCO3 +H2O 0,03mol 0,03mol 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2Ca(HCO3)2 0,04mol 0,02mol Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3+ CO2+H2O 0,02mol 0,02mol Tng s mol CO2 l : 0,07mol.

Tit 51

BI 29 LUYN TP TNH CHT CA NHM

I. Mc tiu cn t c Cng c kin thc kim lai nhm, v mt s hp cht quan thng ca chng. Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v cc kim loi ni trn v hp cht ca chng. II. Chun b ca gio vin 1. phng tin Bn ph,bi tp SGK 2. phng php: m thai+ nu vn 3.kim tra bi c GV gi lm li bi tp s 2 SGK, 6 SGK BT. S 2 SGK lp t l gia CO2 v Ca(OH)2, Vit phng S mol CO2 l 0,3mol CO2+ Ca(OH)2CaCO3 +H2O 0,25mol 0,25mol 0,25mol CO2 d 0,05 mol CaCO3+ CO2+H2O Ca(HCO3)2 0,05mol 0,05mol 0,05mol s mol CaCO3 cn li l 0,25-0,05=0,2mol Khi lng CaCO3 l 0,2.100=20g 5. p n C in phn nng chy CaCl2 6. p n C CO2+ Ca(OH)2CaCO3 +H2O 0,03mol 0,03mol 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2Ca(HCO3)2 0,04mol 0,02mol Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3+ CO2+H2O 0,02mol 0,02mol Tng s mol CO2 l : 0,07mol. III. T chc hat ng dy hc Hat ng 1: GV cng c kin thc v v tr, cu to , tnh cht ca nhm HS cho bit v tr ca nhm, cu hnh electron nguyn t nhm, gii thch? Nhm th 13, nhm IIIA, chu k 3 Hat ng 2: cng c tnh cht ha hc ca nhm

20

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

Nhm c tnh kh mnh(yu hn kim, kim th) GV yu cu: HS: vit p Al + vi( O2,Cl2,S, H2SO4 lang, H2O, dd mui FeSO4, NaOH Hat ng 3: Cng c tnh cht ha hc cc hp cht ca nhm GV yu cu: vit pthh Al2O3 lng tnh HS vit pthh chng t axit aluminat l axit yu hn axit H2CO3 HS gii thch ti sao dng phn chua lm trong nc c Hat ng 4: gii bi tp 1 B v c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v 2. D v dd NH3 l baz yu 3. B 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2+ H2 0,4mol 0,6mol Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2 Khi lng ca nhm: 0,4.27=10,8g; khi lng Al2O3 l 31,2-10,8g 4. a. ch dng thm H2O b. Ch dng NaOH v AlCl3 c kt ta ri kt ta tan dn, Ca(OH)2 t tan lm dd vn c c. dng NaOH v Al2O3 tan thnh dd trong sut, CaO tan do tc dng vi nc c trong NaOH, MgO khng tan 5. a. c kt ta trng xut hin , kt ta khng tan khi thm NH3 d 3NH3+ 3H2O + AlCl3Al(OH)3+3NH4Cl b. C kt ta trng xut hin, ri kt ta trng tan khi thm NaOH d AlCl3 +3NaOH Al(OH)3+3NaCl Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O c. C kt ta trng , kt ta trng khng tan khi cho CO2 d vo CO2 + 2H2O + NaAlO2 Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 d. C kt ta trng , kt ta trng tan khi thm HCl d vo NaAlO2 + HCl+H2O Al(OH)3+ NaCl Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O HS vit pthh gii thch? 6. gi x,y l s mol K,Al khi 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 X mol xmol 2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O 2KAlO2 +3H2 Y mol y mol Do X tan ht nn Al ht, KOH d. Khi thm HCL ban u cha c kt ta v HCl+ KOH KCl + H2O (x-y)mol (x-y)mol Khi HCl trung ha ht KOH d th bt u c kt ta KAlO2 + HCl+H2O Al(OH)3+ KCl Trung ha KOH d cn 100ml dd HCl 1M nn nHCl=nKOH=x-y 0,1.1=0,1mol 39x+27y=10,5 suy ra x= 0,2mol;y=0,1mol %nK=66,67%;%nAl=33,33%

Tit 52

21

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng

BI 30: THC HNH TNH CHT CA NATRI, MAGIE, NHM V HP CHT CA CHNG
I. Mc tiu cn t c Cng c kin thc v tnh cht ha hc c trng ca natri, magie, nhm v cc hp cht quan trng ca chng. Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim thc hnh nh vi ha cht , vi dng c th nghim, k nng lm th nghim vi lng nh ha cht v hp cht ca chng. II. Chun b ca gio vin 3. phng tin dng c: ng nhim, gi nng nghim, cc thy tinh, n cn ha cht: Na,Mg, Al, NaOH, AlCl3,NH3, HCl, phenolphtalein 4. phng php: m thai+ nu vn III. Hat ng dy hc Hat ng 1: GV lu vi hc sinh khi lm th nghim khng s dng ha cht nhiu Hat ng 2 th nghim 1 So snh kh nng phn ng vi Na,Mg, Al vi H2O GV: hng dn lm TN, HS lm th nghim quan st hin tng vit phng trnh ha hc HS thm vi git phenolphtalein vo cc ng nghim, ri gii thch hin tng. Thy c si bt kh , l nhm tan dn Na + H2O NaOH + H2 Mg, Al + H2O Khng tc dng vi nc Khi thm dd phenolphtalein vo dd chuyn sang mu hng v mi trng baz Hat ng 3: Th nghim 2 Nhm Tc dng vi dung dch kim Al + NaOH +H2O NaAlO2 +3/2H2 Thy c si bt kh , l nhm tan dn GV yu cu dng kim lai nhm cho vo dd kim c ch TN 1 HS: vit pthh v gii thch Dng 3 ng nghim khc ch AlCl3 iu ch Al(OH)3 ng nghim 1: cho t t dd NH3 n d , quan st hin tng, gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng. AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl ng nghim 2: Cho t NaOH n d , quan st hin tng , gii thch bng phng trnh phn ng NaOH + Al(OH)3 NaAlO2 + 2H2O ng nghim 3: Cho t H2SO4 n d 3H2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O HS quan st hin tng, vit pthh gii thch tnh cht lng tnh ca Al(OH)3 Hat ng 4: Nhng cng vic sau bui thc hnh GV: nhn xt nh gi bui thc hnh, yu cu HS vit bn tng trnh HS: thu dn dng c TN, v sinh phng TN, lp hc, vit bng tng trnh. Bng tng trnh Lp. STT H v tn STTtrong S Ni dung TN1: hin tng quan st c, vit pthh, gii thch Tng t cho cc TN cn li

22

GIAO N12 C BN

GV : Hong Anh Trng