Bi 3: Cc tr ca hm s - Kha LT m bo Thy Trn Phng

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Bi 03: Cc tr hm a thc v hm phn thc bc 2/ bc 1

* Hm a thc bc 3:
Bi 1: Tm a hm s
3 2
4
( ) 2(1 sin ) (1 os2 ) 1
3
f x x a x c a x = + + + t cc tr ti

1 2
, x x tho mn iu kin:
2 2
1 2
1 x x + =
Li gii: Hm s c C, CT
2
( ) 4 4(1 sin ) (1 os2 ) 0 f x x a x c a = + + = c 2 nghim
phn bit
2
4(1 sin ) 4(1 os2 ) 0 a c a = + >

2
3sin 2sin 1 0
1
sin (*)
3
a a
a
>
<

Vi k (*) th f(x) c 2 nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x , v hm t cc tr ti
1 2
, x x . Tho viet ta
c:
1 2 1 2
1 os2
1 sin ; .
4
c a
x x a x x
+
+ = =
Gi thit : ( )
2
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 . 1 x x x x x x + = + =

2
2
1 os2
(1 sin ) 1
2
1 3
sin
2
2sin 2sin 1 0
1 3
sin
2
c a
a
a
a a
a
+
=

+
=

So snh k (*) ta suy ra
1 3
arcsin 2
1 3
2
sin ,
2
1 3
arcsin 2
2
a k
a k Z
a k

= +

= +

Bi 2: Cho hm s
3 2
1 1 3sin 2
( ) (sin os )
3 2 4
a
f x x a c a x x = + +
1. Tm a hm s lun ng bin
2. Tm a hm s t cc tr ti
1 2
, x x tha mn iu kin
2 2
1 2 1 2
x x x x + = +
Li gii: Ta c:
2
3sin 2
( ) (sin os )
4
a
f x x a c a x = + +
1. Hm s lun ng bin ( ) 0, f x x R

2
(sin os ) 3sin 2 0
1
1 2sin 2 0 sin 2
2
5
2 2 2 (1)
6 6
a c a a
a a
k a k


= +

+ +

2. Hm s c C, CT ( ) 0 f x = c 2 nghim phn bit
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Bi 3: Cc tr ca hm s - Kha LT m bo Thy Trn Phng
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit
0 > a khng tha mn (1)
Vi k trn th f(x) c 2 nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x , v hm t cc tr ti
1 2
, x x . Tho viet
ta c:
1 2 1 2
3sin2
sin cos ; .
4
a
x x a a x x + = + =
iu kin
2 2
1 2 1 2
x x x x + = + ( )
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 . x x x x x x + = +
( )
2 3sin2
sin cos sin cos (2)
2
a
a a a a + = +
t sin cos 2 os
4
t a a c a
| |
= + =
|
\
2
sin 2 1 a t = , do k nn
2
1 3
1
2 2
t t <
Khi (2) tr thnh:

2 2 2
1
3
( 1) 2 3 0
3 2
t
t t t t t
t
=
= + =

So snh k suy ra ch c t = 1 tha mn, nn

2
1
os os
4 4 2 2
2
a k
c a c
a k

=
| |

= =
|

= + \

Bi 3: Tm m hm s
3 2
3
( )
2
m
f x x x m = + c cc C v CT nm v hai pha ca
ng thng y = x
Li gii: Hm s c C v CT
2
( ) 3 3 0 f x x mx = = c 2 nghim phn bit 0 m
Khi f(x) c 2 nghim phn bit
1 2
0; x x m = =
ta 2 im C, CT l:
3
(0; ); ( ; )
2
m
A m B m m
Hai im A, B nm v hai pha ca ng thng y = x hay x y = 0 khi v ch khi:

3 4
(0 )( ) 0 0
2 2
m m
m m m + < < , lun ng vi 0 m
Vy S: 0 m


* Hm a thc bc 4:

Bi 1: Tm m hm
4 3 2
( ) 4 1 f x x x x mx = + + c cc i, cc tiu
Li gii: Hm f(x) c cc i, cc tiu
3 2
( ) 4 12 2 0 f x x x x m = + + = c 3 nghim
phn bit
3 2
( ) : 4 12 2 g x x x x m = + = c 3 nghim phn bit
Xt hm g(x) ta c:
2
6 30
6
( ) : 12 24 2 0
6 30
6
x
g x x x
x

= + =

+
=

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Bi 3: Cc tr ca hm s - Kha LT m bo Thy Trn Phng
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit
T ta v c bbt ca hm g(x) trn R (hs t v)
Vy g(x) = -m c 3 nghim phn bit th hm g(x) ct ng thng y = - m ti 3
im phn bit
6 30 6 30
6 6
g m g
| | | |
+
< <
| |
| |
\ \


6 30 6 30
6 6
g m g
| | | |
+
< <
| |
| |
\ \


10 30 10 30
6 6
9 9
m < < +

Bi 2: Cho hm s
4 3 2
( ) 2 f x x x mx = + + . Tm m hm ch c cc tiu m khng c
cc i
Li gii: Ta c
3 2
( ) 4 6 2 0 f x x x mx = + + =

2
2
(2 3 ) 0
0
( ) 2 3 0
x x x m
x
g x x x m
+ + =
=

= + + =

Ta c: 9 8
g
m =
TH 1: Nu
9
0
8
g
m th ( ) 0, g x x . Suy ra f(x) trit tiu v i du t - sang +
ti x = 0 nn t cc tiu ti x = 0, v khng c cc i
TH 2: Nu
9
0
8
g
m > < th g(x) c 2 nghim phn bit. k hm ch c cc tiu
m khng c cc i l: ( ) g 0 0 0 m = = (tha mn)
Vy cc gi tr cn tm ca m l:
0
9
8
m
m
=

Bi 3: CMR hm s
4 2
( ) 6 4 6 f x x x x = + + lun c 3 cc tr ng thi gc ta O l
trng tm ca tam gic c 3 nh l 3 im cc tr
Li gii: Ta c:
3
( ) 4 12 4 f x x x = +
Hm f(x) lin tc trn R, ngoi ra ta c: ( 2) 4; (0) 4; (1) 4; (2) 12 f f f f = = = =
( 2) (0) 0; (0) (1) 0; (1) (2) 0 f f f f f f < < <
f(x) c 3 nghim phn bit
1 2 3
2 0 1 2 x x x < < < < < <
Vy f(x) c 3 cc tr, gi 3 im cc tr l
1 1 2 2 3 3
( , ); ( , ); ( , ) A x y B x y C x y
Ta thc hin php chia f(x) cho f(x) c:

2
1
( ) ( ) (3 4 6)
4
f x f x x x =
Suy ra
2
3 4 6; 1, 2, 3
k k k
y x x k = + + =
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Bi 3: Cc tr ca hm s - Kha LT m bo Thy Trn Phng
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit
p dng viet cho f(x ) ta c:
1 2 3
1 2 2 3 1 3
0
. . . 3
x x x
x x x x x x
+ + =

+ + =

Nn
2
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 1 2 3
3 ( ) 2( . . . ) 4( ) 18 y y y x x x x x x x x x x x x + + = + + + + + + + +


6.( 3) 18 0 = + =
Do 3 nh A, B, C nhn O l gc ta
Bi 4: CMR:
4 3 4
( ) 0, 256 27 f x x px q x R q p = + +
Li gii:
3
3
( ) 4 0
4
p
f x x p x

= + = = , t ta v c bbt ca hm f(x)
T bbt suy ra ( ) 0, f x x R

3
4
3 3
3 4
min ( ) ( ) 0
4
0
4 4
256 27 ( )
x R
p
f x f
p p
p q
q p dpcm

=
| |

+ +
|
|
\


Bi 5: Tm m hm s
4 2
1 3
( )
4 2
f x x mx = + ch c cc tiu m khng c cc i
Li gii: Li gii ging bi tp s 2 trn. S l: 0 m
Bi 6: Tm m hm s ( ) ( )
4 2
( ) 1 1 2 f x mx m x m = + + c ng 1 cc tr
Li gii: ( )
3
2
0
( ) 4 2 1 0
( ) 2 1 0
x
f x mx m x
g x mx m
=
= + =

= + =

- Nu m = 0 th g(x) v nghim, khi f(x) c 1 cc i
- Nu m = 1 th g(x) c nghim kp x = 0, khi f(x) ch c 1 cc tiu
- Nu 0 < m < 1 th g(x) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0, khi f(x) c 3 cc tr
- Nu m < 0 hoc m > 1 th g(x) v nghim, khi f(x) c 1 cc tr
Vy cc gi tr cn tm ca m l:
0
1
m
m

Bi 7: CMR hm s
4 3 2
( ) 5 1 f x x x x = + c 3 im cc tr nm trn mt parabol.
Li gii :Ta c
3 2
( ) 4 3 10 0 f x x x x = =

2
(4 3 10) 0
0
5
2
2
x x x
x
x
x
=
=

Suy ra f(x) lun c 3 im cc tr, ta chia f(x) cho f(x) c:

2
1 1 43 5
( ) ( ) 1
4 16 16 8
f x x f x x x
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \

Do honh 3 im cc tr l nghim ca f(x), suy ra ta 3 im cc tr s tha mn
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Bi 3: Cc tr ca hm s - Kha LT m bo Thy Trn Phng
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

2
43 5
1
16 8
y x x

= +
Vy 3 im cc tr nm trn mt parabol
2
43 5
1
16 8
y x x

= + .


* Hm phn thc bc 2/bc 1:

Bi 1: Tm m hm s
2 2
(2 3) 4 x m x m m
y
x m
+ + + +
=
+
c 2 cc tr tri du
Li gii: Hm s c 2 cc tr tri du
( )
2 2
2
2 3
0
x mx m m
y
x m
+ +
= =
+
c 2 nghim tri
du
2 2
( ) 2 3 0 g x x mx m m = + + = c 2 nghim tri du v u khc m

2
3 0
0 3
( ) 3 0
c
m m
m a
g m m

= <

< <

Bi 2: Tm m
2
1
x x m
y
x
+ +
=
+
c 2 cc tr nm v 2 pha ca trc tung Oy
Li gii: Hm s c 2 cc tr
( )
2
2
2 1
0
1
x x m
y
x
+ +
= =
+
c 2 nghim phn bit
2
( ) 2 1 0 g x x x m = + + = c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1
0
0
( 1) 0
m
m
g m
= >
>

Vi k , gi
1 2
; x x l 2 nghim phn bit ca g(x). Khi hm s y c 2 cc tr
1 1 2 2
( ; ); ( ; ) A x y B x y , trong :

2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
( )
2 1
1 1
( )
2 1
1 1
x x m x x m g x
y x
x x
x x m x x m g x
y x
x x
+ + + + +
= = = +
+ +
+ + + + +
= = = +
+ +

Hm c 2 cc tr nm v 2 pha ca trc tung Oy ( )( )
1 2 1 2
. 0 2 1 2 1 0 y y x x < + + <

1 2 1 2
4 . 2( ) 1 0
4(1 ) 4 1 0
1
4
x x x x
m
m
+ + + <
+ <
>

Vy
1
4
m >
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Bi 3: Cc tr ca hm s - Kha LT m bo Thy Trn Phng
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit
Bi 3: Tm m hm s
2
( 0)
x mx m
y m
x m
+
=

c 2 cc tr tri du
HDG: Cch gii hon ton nh bi tp 1. S : 0 < m < 1
Bi 4: Tm m hm s
2
3( 2)
1
x mx m
y
x
+ +
=

c C, CT nm v 2 pha ca trc Ox
HDG: Cch gii hon ton nh bi tp 2. S: 6 60 6 60 m < < +
Bi 5: Tm m hm s
2
( 1) 1 x m x m
y
x m
+ + +
=

c . 0
CD CT
y y >
HDG: Cch gii hon ton nh bi tp 2. S:
7 52
7 52
m
m

<

> +

Bi 6: Tm m hm s
2
5 x mx m
y
x m
+
=

c C, CT cng du
HDG: Cch gii hon ton nh bi tp 2. S:
1 21
2
1 21
5
2
m
m

<

+
< <

Ngun: hocmai.vn

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