1

Chuyn luyn thi i hc

PHNG PHP GII CC BI TP HNH
KHNG GIAN TRONG K THI TSH
Bin son: GV Nguyn Trung Kin
Trong k thi TSH bi ton hnh khng gian lun l dng bi tp gy kh khn cho hc
sinh. Nguyn nhn c bn l do hc sinh cha bit phn bit r rng dng bi tp la
chn cng c, phng php gii cho ph hp. Bi vit ny s gip hc sinh gii quyt
nhng vng mc .

Phn 1: Nhng vn cn nm chc khi tnh ton
- Trong tam gic vung ABC (vung ti A) ng cao AH th ta lun c:



b=ctanB, c=btanC;
2 2 2
1 1 1
AH AB AC
= +
- Trong tam gic thng ABC ta c:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 cos ; cos
2
b c a
a b c bc A A
bc
+
= + = . Tng
t ta c h thc cho cng b, c v gc B, C:
-
1 1 1
sin sin sin
2 2 2
ABC
S ab C bc A ac B
A
= = =
- V(khi chp)=
1
.
3
B h (B l din tch y, h l chiu cao)
- V(khi lng tr)=B.h
- V(chp S(ABCD)=
1
3
(S(ABCD).dt(ABCD))
- S=p.r (Trong p l na chu vi, r l bn knh vng trn ni tip tam gic)
Phng php xc nh ng cao cc loi khi chp:
- Loi 1: Khi chp c 1 cnh gc vung vi y chnh l chiu cao.
- Loi 2: Khi chp c 1 mt bn vung gc vi y th ng cao chnh l ng k t
mt bn n giao tuyn.
- Loi 3: Khi chp c 2 mt k nhau cng vung gc vi y th ng cao chnh l giao
tuyn ca 2 mt k nhau .
- Loi 4: Khi chp c cc cnh bn bng nhau hoc cc cnh bn cng to vi y 1 gc
bng nhau th chn ng cao chnh l tm vng trn ngoi tip y.
C B
H
A

2
- Loi 5: Khi chp c cc mt bn u to vi y 1 gc bng nhau th chn ng cao
chnh l tm vng trn ni tip y.
S dng cc gi thit m:
- Hnh chp c 2 mt bn k nhau cng to vi y gc th chn ng cao h t nh
s ri vo ng phn gic gc to bi 2 cnh nm trn mt y ca 2 mt bn (V d:
Hnh chp SABCD c mt phng (SAB) v (SAC) cng to vi y gc th chn
ng cao h t nh S thuc phn gic gc BAC)
- Hnh chp c 2 cnh bn bng nhau hoc hai cnh bn u to vi y mt gc th
chn ng cao h t nh ri vo ng trung trc ca on thng ni 2 im cn li
ca cnh bn thuc mt y. (V d: Hnh chp SABCD c SB=SC hoc SB v SC cng
to vi y mt gc th chn ng cao h t S ri vo ng trung trc ca BC)
Vic xc nh c chn ng cao cng l yu t quan trng tm gc to bi ng
thng v mt phng hoc gc to bi 2 mt phng.

V d: Cho khi chp SABCD c mt bn SAD vung gc (ABCD), gc to bi SC v (ABCD)
l 60
0
, gc to bi (SCD) v (ABCD) l 45
0
, y l hnh thang cn c 2 cnh y l a, 2a; cnh
bn bng a. Gi P,Q ln lt l trung im ca SD,BC.Tm gc to bi PQ v mt phng
(ABCD).Tnh V khi chp?
R rng y l khi chp thuc dng 2. T ta d dng tm c ng cao v xc nh cc
gc nh sau:
- K SH vung gc vi AD th SH l ng
cao(SC,(ABCD))=

; ( , ( )) ) SCH SM ABCD HMS = , vi M l chn ng cao k t H ln
CD
- T P h PK vung gc vi AD ta c

( , ( )) PQ ABCD PQK =


Phn 3: Cc bi ton v tnh th tch
A. Tnh th tch trc tip bng cch tm ng cao:
V d 1) (TSH A 2009) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D.,
c AB=AD=2a; CD=a. Gc gia 2 mt phng (SCB) v (ABCD) bng 60
0
. Gi I l trung im
D A
B C
M
H
S
P
Q
K

3
AD bit 2 mt phng (SBI) v (SCI) cng vung gc vi (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp
SABCD? TEL: 0988844088
HD gii: V 2 mt phng (SBC) v (SBI) cng vung gc vi (ABCD) m (SBI) v (SCI) c
giao tuyn l SI nn SI l ng cao. K IH vung gc vi BC ta c gc to bi mt phng
(SBC) v (ABCD) l
0

60 SHI = . T ta tnh c:
2
1
2; 5; ( ) ( ) 3
2
IC a IB BC a S ABCD AD AB CD a = = = = + =
2 2
2 2
1 3
. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3
2 2 2
a a
IH BC S IBC S ABCD S ABI S CDI a a = = = = nn
2 ( ) S IBC
IH
BC
= =
3 3
5
a . T V(SABCD)=
3
3 15
5
a .


V d 2) (TSH D 2009) Cho lng tr ng ABCA

c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B,

AB=a; AA

=2a; A

C=3a. Gi M l trung im ca on A

, I l trung im ca AM v A

.
Tnh V chp IABC theo a?
HD gii:
- ABC A

l lng tr ng nn cc mt bn u vung gc vi y.
V Ie(ACC

) (ABC), t I ta k IHAC th IH l ng cao v I chnh l trng tm tam gic

AA

2 4
3 3
IH CI a
IH
AA CA
= = =
' '

C
2
2 2 2 2 2
AA 9 4 5 2 AC A C a a a BC AC AB a ' ' = = = = = =
V(IABC)=
3
1 1 4 1 4
. ( ) . . .2 .
3 3 3 2 9
a
IH dt ABC a a a = = ( vtt)


S
I A
B
H
D
C

4


B. Tnh th tch bng cch s dng cng thc t s th tch hoc phn chia khi a din
thnh cc khi a din n gin hn
Khi gp cc bi ton m vic tnh ton gp kh khn th ta phi tm cch phn chia khi a din
thnh cc khi chp n gin hn m c th tnh trc tip th tch ca n hoc s dng cng
thc tnh t sth tch tm th tch khi a din cn tnh thng qua 1 khi a din trung gian
n gin hn.
Cc em hc sinh cn nm vng cc cng thc sau:
( ) . .
( ) . .
V SA B C SA SB SC
V SABC SASB SC
' ' ' ' ' '
= (1)

( AABC) AA
( ) SA
V S
V SABC
' '
= (2). Cng thc (2) c th m rng cho khi chp bt k.

C
B
A
C'
B'
A'
S

B C M
A
B
A
I
H
C

5
V d 3) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a,
0

60 BAD = , SA vung gc
vi y(ABCD), SA=a. Gi C l trung im SC, mt phng (P) i qua AC song song vi BD ct
cc cnh SB, SD ca hnh chp ti B

, D

. Tnh th tch khi chp

HD gii:
Gi O l giao 2 ng cho ta suy ra AC

v SO ct nhau ti trng tm I ca tam gic SAC. T

I thuc mt phng (P)(SDB) k ng thng song song vi BD ct SB, SD ti B

, D

l 2 giao
im cn tm.
Ta c:
1 2
;
2 3
SC SD SB SI
SC SD SB SO
' ' '
= = = =
D thy
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 ; 2
SAB C D SAB C SAB C SABC
V V V V
' ' ' ' ' ' '
= =
( ) ( ) . . 1
( ) ( ) . . 3
V SAB C D V SAB C SASB SC
V ABCD V SABC SASB SC
' ' ' ' ' ' '
= = =
Ta c
3
( )
1 1 1 3 3

. ( ) . . . . . .
3 3 3 2 6
SABCD
V SAdt ABCD SA AD AB sinDAB a a a a = = = =
3
( )
3
18
SAB C D
V a
' ' '
= (vtt)


V d 4) (D b A 2007)
Cho hnh chp SABCD l hnh ch nht AB=a, AD=2a, cng SA vung gc vi y, cnh SB
hp vi y mt gc 60
0
. Trn cnh SA ly M sao cho AM=
3
3
a
. Mt phng BCM ct DS ti
N. Tnh th tch khi chp SBCMN.
HD gii:
T M k ng thng song song vi AD ct SD ti N l giao im cn tm, gc to bi SB v
(ABCD) l
0

60 SBA = . Ta c SA=SBtan60
0
=a 3 .
S
B
C
D
O
B C
D A

6
T suy ra SM=SA-AM=
3 2 3 2
3
3 3 3
SM SN
a a a
SA SD
= = =
D thy
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
SABCD SABC SACD SABC SACD
V V V V V = + = =

( ) ( ) ( ) SBCMN SMBC SMCN
V V V = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1. . . 1. . .
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2. . . 2. . .
1 2 5
3 9 9
V SMBCN V SMBC V SMCN V SMCN V SMCN SM SB SC SM SC SN
V SABCD V SABCD V SABC V SACD SASB SC SASC SD
+
= = + = +
= + =
M
3 3
( ) ( )
1 1 2 3 10 3
. ( ) 3 .2
3 3 3 27
SABCD SMBCN
V SAdt ABCD a a a a V a = = = =


Phn 4: Cc bi ton v khong cch trong khng gian
A. Khong cch t 1 im n 1 mt phng
gii quyt nhanh gn bi ton khong cch t mt im n mt mt phng hc sinh
cn nm chc bi ton c bn v cc tnh cht sau
* Bi ton c bn: Cho khi chp SABC c SA vung gc vi y. Tnh khong cch t A n
(SBC)
- H AM vung gc vi BC , AH vung gc vi SM suy ra AH vung gc vi (SBC). Vy
khong cch t A n (SBC) l AH.
Ta c
2 2 2
1 1 1
AS AH AM
= +
S
M
N
A D
C B

7
H
M
C
B
A
S


* Tnh cht quan trng cn nm:

- Nu ng thng (d) song song vi mt phng (P) th khong cch t mi im trn (d)
n mt phng (P) l nh nhau
- Nu AM kBM = th
/( ) /( ) A P B P
d kd = trong (P) l mt phng i qua M
Trn c s cc tnh cht trn ta lun quy c khong cch t mt im bt k v bi ton
c bn.
Tuy nhin 1 s trng hp vic tm hnh chiu tr nn v cng kh khn, khi vic s
dng cng thc tnh th tch tr nn rt hiu qu.
Ta c V(khi chp)=
1 3
.
3
V
B h h
B
=


V d 1) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Hnh chiu ca S trng vi
trng tm tam gic ABD. Mt bn (SAB) to vi y mt gc 60
0
. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi
chp SABCD v khong cch t B n mt phng (SAD).
Li gii:
Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic ABD,
E l hnh chiu ca G ln AB
Ta c: ( ) ; SG AB GE AB AB SGE
0

60 SAG =

. tan 3 SG GE SEG GE = =
Mt khc G l trng tm ca tam gic ABD
1
3 3
a
GE BC = =
3
1 3
.
3 9
SABCD ABCD
a
V SG S = =

8
H GN vung gc vi AD, GH vung gc vi SN.
Ta c
/( ) / ( )
2 2 2
2
3
3 .
3 . 3
3 3
3 3
2
3
3 3
B SAD G SAD
a a
GN GS a
d d GH
GN GS
a a
= = = = =
+
| |
| |
+
|
|
\ .
\ .

H
N
E
G
D
C
A
B
S

V d 2) Cho hnh lng tr ng . ABCD A B C D ' ' ' ' c y ABCD l hnh thoi , 3 AB a = ,
0
120 BAD Z = . Bit gc gia ng thng AC' v mt phng ( ) ADD A ' ' bng
0
30 .Tnh th tch
khi lng tr trn theo a. v khong cch t trung im N ca BB n mt phng (CMA).Bit
M l trung im ca AD
Ta c
. ' ' ' '
'.
ABCD A B C D ABCD
V AA S = (1).
y ABCD l hnh thoi gm 2 tam gic u ABC, ACD nn:
( )
2
2
3 3
3 3
2 2.
4 2
ABCD ABC
a
a
S S
A
= = = (2)
Gi CM l ng cao ca tam gic u CAD th ( ) ' ' ' C M ADA D nn
0

' 30 C AM =
Ta c
0 2 2
3 3 3
' ' .cot 30 ' ' 6
2 2
a a
C M AM C M A A AM A M a = = = = = (3)
Thay (2),(3) vo (1) ta c:
2 3
. ' ' ' '
3 3 9 2
. 6
2 2
ABCD A B C D
a a
V a = = .

9
Ta c
/( ' ) / ( ' ) N C MA K C MA
d d = vi K l trung im ca DD (V K v N i xng nhau qua trung
im O ca AC)
T K h KH vung gc vi AM th
/( ' )
1
( ' ) ; . ( ' ' ) ( ' ) ( ' ) ( )
2
K C MA
KH AC M d KH KH AM dt AA D D dt AA M dt MD K dt AKD = =
3 3 1 3 1 6 3 1 6 6
. 6. 3 6. . . . . 3
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a a a a a
KH a a a a KH a = =
Vy
/( ' )
6
2
N C MA
d a =
H
K
M
B'
C'
A'
D'
D
C
B
A
N




V d 3) Cho hnh chp SABC c gc to bi 2 mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) l 60
0
, ABC,SBC l
cc tam gic u cnh a. Tnh khong cch t nh B n mp(SAC).( d b khi A 2007)
HD:
Cch 1: Coi B l nh khi chp BSAC t gi thit ta suy ra BS=BA=BC=a. Gi O l chn
ng cao h t B xung mp(SAC). O chnh l tm vng trn ngoi tip tam gic SAC. Gi M l
trung im BC ta c ; SM BC AM BC . Nn gc to bi (SBC) v (ABC) l
0
a 3

60 AS=
2
SMA SM AM = = = .
By gi ta tm v tr tm vng ngoi tip tam gic SAC.
Tam gic SAC cn ti C nn tm vng trn ngoi tip nm trn trung trc ca SA v CN (N l
trung dim ca SA). K trung trc ca SC ct trung trc ca SA ti O l im cn tm
2
2
2
2
3
2 13
16
cos
4
SA
a
SC
a
NC
SNC
SC SC a
| |

|
\ .
= = = =

10
2
2 2 2
2 4 3
2
;

13 cos 13 13
SC
a a a
OC BO BC OC a
SCN
= = = = = .

Cch 2:
0
( ) ( )
1 2
2 2 . ( ) . .sin 60
3 3.2
SABCD SABM
a
V V BM dt SAM AM MS = = =
3
3
( )
16
a dt SAC =
=
2
1 1 13 3 39 3 ( ) 3
.AS= . . ( , ( )
2 2 4 2 16 ( ) 13
a V SABC a
CN a a d B SAC
dt SAC
= = =
V d 4) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang
0

90 ABC BAD = = , BA=BC=a,
AD=2a. Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y v SA= 2 a , gi H l hnh chiu ca A ln SB. Chng
minh tam gic SCD vung v tnh theo a khong cch t H n mp(SCD) (TSH D 2007)
HD gii: Ta c
2 2 2 2
2; 6; 2 AC a SD SA AD a SC SA AC a = = + = = + = . Ta cng d dng
tnh c 2 CD a = . Ta c
2 2 2
SD SC CD = + nn tam gic SCD vung ti C.
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 .AS . 2 2
AS 3
AB AS 2
2
2 2
3
3 3 3
AB a a
AH a
AH AB
a a
a
SH
SH SA AH a
SB a
= + = = =
+ +
= = = =


O
S
P
C
M
B
A
N

11
2
1. .( ) 1
( ) ( ) ( ) . ;
2 2 2
AB BC AD a
dt BCD dt ABCD dt ABD AB AD
+
= = =
2
2
3
1
( ) . 2
2
( ) . . 2 1 1. 2. 2
; ( ) . ( )
( ) . . 3 3 3.2 6
dt SCD SC CD a
V SHCD SH SC SD a a
V SBCD SAdt BCD a
V SBCD SB SC SD
= =
= = = = =

3
2
( )
9
V SHCD a = .Ta c
3
2
3 ( ) 2 1
( /( )) .3
( ) 9 3 2
V SHCD a
d H SCD a
dt SCD a
= = =

B. Khong cch gia 2 ng thng cho nhau trong khng gian
Khi tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng cho nhau a v b trong khng gian ta tin hnh theo
trnh t sau:
- Dng (tm) mt phng trung gian (P) cha a song song vi b sau tnh khong cch t 1
im bt k trn b n mp(P)
- Khi tnh khong cch t 1 im n mt phng ta c th vn dng 1 trong 2 phng php
trnh by mc A.
V d 1) Cho lng tr ng ABCA

c y ABC l tam gic vung AB=BC=a, cnh bn

2 AA a ' = . Gi M l trung im ca BC. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr ABCA B C ' ' ' v
khong cch gia 2 ng thng AM, B

C.(TSH D2008)
HD gii:
3
2
( ) .
2
V ABCA B C S h a ' ' ' = = . Gi N l trung im ca BB

ta c B

C song song vi
mp(AMN). T ta c: ( , ) ( , ( )) ( , ( )) d B C AM d B AMN d B AMN ' ' = = v N l trung im ca BB

.
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca B ln (AMN), v t din BAMN l t din vung ti B nn ta
c
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
7
a
BH
BH BA BN BM
= + + = chnh l khong cch gia AM v B

C.
B
C
D A
H
S

12

Ch 1) Trong bi ton ny ta dng mt phng trung gian l mp(AMN) tn dng iu
kin B

C song song vi (AMN). Ti sao khng tm mt phng cha B

C cc em hc sinh t suy
ngh iu ny
Ch 2) Nu mt phng (P) i qua trung im M ca on AB th khong cch t A n (P)
cng bng khong cch t B n (P))
V d 2) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a. Gi E l im i
xng ca D qua trung im ca SA, M l trung im ca AE, N l trung im ca BC. Chng
minh MN vung gc vi BD v tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng MN v AC.(TSH B
2007)
HD gii: Gi P l trung im ca SA, ta c t gic MPNC l hnh bnh hnh.
Nn MN// PC. T suy ra MN//(SAC). Mt khc BDmp(SAC) nn BDPC BD MN .
Ta c: d(MN, AC)=d(N,(SAC))=
1 1 1
( , ( )) 2
2 4 2
d B SAC BD a = =

S
M P
E
A
N
C
D
B
B
C
A
N
B H
M
C A
K

13
( Ch vic chuyn tnh khong cch t N n (SAC) sang tnh khong cch t B n (SAC)
gip ta n gin ho bi ton i rt nhiu. Cc em hc sinh cn nghin cu k dng ton ny
vn dng)
V d 3) Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, 2 , AB BC a = = hai mt
phng (SAC) v (SBC) cng vung gc vi y (ABC). Gi M l trung im AB, mt phng qua
SM song song vi BC ct AC ti N. Bit gc to bi (SBC) v (ABC) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch
khi chp SBCNM v khong cch gia hai ng thng AB v SN (TSH A 2011)
Gii:
- Ta c
0 0

( ); 90 60 2 3 SA ABC ABC SBA SA a = = =
Mt phng qua SM song song vi BC ct AC ti N suy ra N l trung im AC
T tnh c
3
3 V a =
- K ng thng (d) qua N song song vi AB th AB song song vi mt phng (P) cha SN v
(d) nn khong cch t AB n SN cng bng khong cch t A n (P).
Dng AD vung gc vi (d) th / /( ) AB SND , dng AH vung gc vi SD th
/ /( )
2 2
. 2 39
( )
13
AB SN A SND
SA AD a
AH SND d d AH
SA AD
= = = =
+

M
N
D
H
C
B
A
S

Phn 5: Cc bi ton tnh gc gia 2 ng thng cho nhau trong khng gian.
Khi cn tnh gc gia 2 ng thng cho nhau a v b trong khng gian ta phi tm 1 ng
thng trung gian l c song song vi a v c ct b. Khi gc to bi a v b cng chnh l gc
to bi b v c. Hoc ta dng lin tip 2 ng thng c v d ct nhau ln lt song song vi a
v b. Sau ta tnh gc gia c v d theo nh l hm s csin hoc theo h thc lng trong
tam gic vung.
V d 1) Cho lng tr ABCABC c di cnh bn bng 2a , y ABC l tam gic vung ti
A. AB = a , AC = a v hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln mp (ABC) l trung im ca cnh BC ,
Tnh theo a th tch khi chp AABC v tnh csin gc to bi AA v BC . (TSH A 2008)
HD gii :Gi H l trung im ca BC. Suy ra AH(ABC) v
2 2
1 1
3
2 2
AH BC a a a = = + = Do AH =
2 2
' 3. A A AH a =


14
V(AABC) =
1
3
AH.dt (ABC) =
3
2
a
Trong tam gic vung ABH ta c
HB=
2 2
' ' 2 A B A H a + = nn tam gic BBH cn ti B. t l gc to bi AA v BC th

1
' cos
2.2 4
a
B BH
a
= = =
Tel 0988844088


V d 2) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a , SA = a, SB = a 3 mp
(SAB) vung gc vi mt phng y . Gi M,N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB,BC.
Tnh theo a th tch khi chp SBMDN v tnh cosin gc to bi SM v DN.

Hd gii: T S h SH vung gc AB th SH vung gc vi mp (ABCD). SH cng chnh l ng
cao khi chp SBMDN . Ta c SA
2
+ SB
2
= 4a
2
= AB
2
SAB A vung ti
S
2
AB
SM a SAM = = A l tam gic u
3
2
a
ABCH =
D thy ng thng(BMDN)=1/2dt(ABCD)=2a
2
. Do V
(SBMDN)
=
3
1 3
. ( )
3 3
a
SH dt BMDN =
K ME song song vi DN ( E thuc AD) suy ra AE =
2
a
gi s
(SM,DN)= ( , ). SM ME = Ta c SA vung gc vi AD (nh l 3 ng vung gc ) suy
B
H
C
A
B
C
A

15
ra
2 2 2 2
5 5
,
2 2
a a
SA AE SE SA AE ME AM ME = + = = + = Tam gic SME cn ti E
nn cos
5
2
5
SM
ME
= =



PHN 4) CC DNG BI TP V MT CU NGOI TIP KHI A DIN
gii quyt tt dng bi tp ny hc sinh cn nm vng kin thc c bn sau:
** Nu I l tm mt cu ngoi tip khi chp
1 2
..
n
SA A A th tm I cch u cc nh
1 2
; ; .....
n
S A A A
- V vy tm I thuc trc ng trn y l ng thng qua tm vng trn ngoi tip y v
vung gc vi y
1 2
...
n
A A A (ng thng ny song song vi ng cao khi chp) (Phi ch
vic chn mt y cn linh hot sao cho khi xc nh trc ng trn y l n gin nht)
- Tm I phi cch u nh S v cc nh
1 2
; .....
n
A A A nn I thuc mt phng trung trc ca
i
SA
y l vn kh i hi hc sinh cn kho lo chn cnh bn sao cho trc ng trn xc
nh v cnh bn ng phng vi nhau vic tm I c d dng
** Trong mt s trng hp c bit khi khi chp c cc mt bn l tam gic cn, vung, u ta
c th xc nh 2 trc ng trn ca mt bn v y . Khi tm I l giao im ca 2 trc
ng trn. Nu hnh chp c cc nh u nhn cnh a di mt gc vung th tm mt cu l
trung im ca cnh a.
** Khi tnh ton cn lu cc cng thc:
4 4
abc abc
S R
R S
= = ; 2 sin ,... a R A =
Ta xt cc v d sau:
S
A E
M
B N
C
D

16
V d 1) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B
a AD a BC AB 2 ; = = = .Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y (ABCD) v SA=a. Gi E l trung im
ca AD.Tnh th tch khi chp SCDE v tm tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp .
HD gii:
6
3
a
V =
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SE v SC ta c mt phng (ABNM) l mt phng trung trc
ca SE. Vy tm O ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp SCDE l giao im ca mt phng
(ABMN) v trc ng trn ngoi tip y CDE. Gi A l ng thng qua I l trung im ca
CD v song song vi SA.Gi K l trung im ca AB th KN //AM. KN v A ng phng suy ra
O KN = A l im cn tm
Tam gic OIK vung cn nn OI=IK=
2
3
2
a AD BC
=
+
;
Ta c
2
11
4
11
4
2
4
9
2 2 2
2 2 2
a
OC R
a a a
IC OI OC = = = + = + = (0,25 im)

j
O
C
E
I
M
N
K
A
B
S

Trong v d ny ta dng mt phng trung trc ca SE tn dng iu kin tam gic SAE
vung cn A
V d 2) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht cnh ; 2 AB a AD a = = gc
gia hai mt phng (SAC) v ABCD bng 60
0
. Gi H l trung im ca AB. Bit mt bn SAB
l tam gic cn ti nh S v thuc mt phng vung gc vi y. Tnh th tch khi chp
SABCD v xc nh tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp SAHC



17
- Ta c ( ) SH AB SH ABCD .K HM vung gc vi AC th gc to bi (SAC) v
(ABCD) l
0

60 SMH =
C
0
2 6 2

sin ; tan 60
2 6 2 3
BC a a a a
HM AH HAM AH SH HM
AC a
= = = = = =
3
1
( )
3 3
SABCD
a
V SHdt ABCD = =
Q
P
E
M
N K
I
D
O
H
C
B
A
S

- Gi E, K ln lt l trung im ca SA, HA . K ng thng qua K song song vi AD ct CD
F th KF ( ) SAH . Dng Ex song song vi KF th Ex l trc ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
SHA. Dng ng thng qua tm O ca mt y vung gc vi AC ct KF, AD ti N, P th N l
tm vng trn ngoi tip tam gic AHC. Trong mt phng cha Ex v KF k ng thng Ny
vung gc vi y (ABCD) (ng thng song song vi EK) th Ny l trc ng trn ca tam
gic AHC.
Giao im I Ny Ex = l tm mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp SAHC.
Ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
R IH IN NH KE NH = = + = + .
2
2
2 2
2
2
3 3 3 1 5 3 3
. ; ( )

2 2 4 cos 2 2 2 4 2 4 2
2 3 3 31
4 32 4 2
AO a a a AH
AP a KN HO AP HN KN a
CAD a
a a
R a
= = = = + = = + =
| | | |
= + =
| |
| |
\ . \ .

Vy
31
32
R a =
Cach2) Gi J, r ln lt l tm v bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AHC. Ta c
.
2 4
3 3
2
. .
4
. . a
S
AC HC AH
S
AC HC AH
r
ABC AHC
= = =

18
K ng thng A qua J v . // SH A Khi tm I ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp AHC S. l
giao im ca ng trung trc on SH v A trong mt phng (SHJ). Ta c
.
4
2
2
2 2
r
SH
JH IJ IH + = + =
Suy ra bn knh mt cu l .
32
31
a R =
V d 3) Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u cnh a,
3
a
DA DB = = , CD vung gc vi
AD.Trn cnh CD ko di ly im E sao cho
0

90 AEB = .Tnh gc to bi mt phng (ABC) v

mt phng (ABD).Xc nh tm v tnh th tch khi cu ngoi tip khi t din ABCE.
Gii:
- Gi I l trung im ca AB th CI vung gc vi AB v DI vung gc vi AB. Nn gc to bi
(ACD) v (ABD) l

CID.Do hai tam gic ACD v BCD bng nhau nn

2 2 2
0 2 2 2
3

90 ( ) ; ;
2 3 4 12
a a a a
BDC ADC CD ABD CD DI CI DI DA AI = = = = = =
3 1

cos :
2 3 2
DI a a
CID
CI
= = =
- Tam gic vung ACD c
2 2 2
2
3
CD CA DA a = = . Tam gic ABE vung cn, do
2 2
2
;
2 6
a a
AE DE AE DA ACE = = = A c AD l ng cao v
2
2
.
3
a
CD DE DA ACE = = A vung ti A.Tng t ta c tam gic BCE vung ti B. Vy mt
cu ngoi tip t din ABCE c CE l ng knh tm I ca mt cu l trung im ca CE. Bn
knh
3
3
3
1 1 2 6 4 4 6 6
( )
2 2 3 4 3 3 4 8 6
a a a a
R CD DE a V R


| | | |
= + = + = = = =
| |
| |
\ . \ .


I
B
A
C
D
E


19
MT S BI TP CHN LC V HNH KHNG GIAN
THNG DNG TRONG K THI TSH
BIN SON GV NGUYN TRUNG KIN 0988844088
Cu 1) Khi chp SABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh, M l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) i
qua AM, song song vi BD chia khi chp lm 2 phn. Tnh t s th tch hai phn .
Cu 2) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cc cnh bng a.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp.
b) Tnh khong cch t tm mt y n cc mt ca hnh chp.
Cu 3) Khi chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a. SA(ABCD); SA=2a. Gi E, F l hnh
chiu ca A trn SB v SD. I l giao im ca SC v (AEF). Tnh th tch khi chp SAEIF.
Cu 4) Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
y l tam gic u. Mt phng (A
1
BC) to vi y 1
gc 30
0
v tam gic A
1
BC c din tch bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
Cu 5) Khi lng tr ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c y l tam gic vung cn, cnh huyn AB= 2 . Mt
phng (AA
1
B) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC), AA
1
= 3 ; gc A
1
AB nhn, gc to bi (A
1
AC)
v mt phng (ABC) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
Cu 6) Khi lng tr t gic u ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
c khong cch gia 2 ng thng AB v
A
1
D bng 2, di ng cho mt bn bng 5.
a) H AHA
1
D (KeA
1
D). chng minh rng AK=2.
b) Tnh th tch khi lng tr ABCDA
1
B
1
C
1
D
1
.
Cu 7) Cho hnh t din ABCD c cnh AD vung gc vi mt phng (ABC), AC=AD=4cm;
AB=3cm; BC=5cm. Tnh khong cch t im A ti mt phng (BCD).
Cu 8) Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC nh S, di cnh y bng a. Gi M, N ln lt l
trung im ca cc cnh SB v SC. Tnh theo a din tch tam gic AMN, bit rng mt phng
(AMN) vung gc vi mt phng (SBC).
Cu 9) Cho hnh chp SABC c SA=3a v SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Tam gic ABC
c AB=BC=2a, gc ABC=120
0
. Tnh khong cch t nh A n mt phng (SBC).
Cu 10) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, tam gic SAB u v nm
trong mt phng vung gc vi y. Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SAB) v (SCD).
Cu 11) Cho hnh chp tam gic SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA=2a v SA
vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi M v N ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn cc
ng thng SB v SC
a) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC)
b) Tnh th tch ca khi chp ABCMN.
Cu 12) Hnh chp tam gic SABC c cc cnh bn SA=SB=SC=a, gc ASB=120
0
, gc
BSC=60
0
, gc ASC=90
0
. Chng minh rng tam gic ABC vung v tnh th tch hnh chp
SABC theo a.
Cu 13) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD. Khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC) bng 2a.
Gc gia cc mt bn v mt y l .
a) Tnh th tch khi chp theo a v
b) Xc nh th tch khi chp nh nht.
Cu 14) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB=a, AD= 2 a , SA=a v
SA vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Gi M v N ln lt l trung im ca AD v SC, I l
giao im ca BM v AC.
a) Chng minh rng mt phng (SAC) vung gc vi mt phng (SMB).
b) Tnh th tch ca khi t din ANIB.

20
Cu 15) Cho lng tr ng ABCABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, AB=a, AA=2a,
AC=3a. Gi M l trung im ca on thng AC, I l giao im ca AM v AC
a) Tnh theo a th tch khi t din IABC
b) Tnh khong cch t im A n mt phng (IBC)
Cu 16) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D, AB=AD=2a,
CD=a, gc gia 2 mt phng (SBC) v (ABCD) bng 60
0
. Gi I l trung im ca cnh AD. Bit
2 mt phng (SBI) v (SCI) cng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD), tnh th tch khi chp
SABCD theo a.
Cu 17) Cho hnh lng tr tam gic ABCABC c BB=a, gc to bi BB v mt phng
(ABC) l 60
0
, tam gic ABC vung ti C v gc BAC=60
0
. Hnh chiu vung gc ca im B
ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trng tm ca tam gic ABC. Tnh th tch khi t din AABC
theo a.
Cu 18) Trong khng gian cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c 7 SC a = . Gc to bi (ABC)
v (SAB) =60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp SABC theo a.
Cu 19) Trong khng gian cho hnh chp SABCD vi ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, gc ABC=60
0
,
SO vung gc vi y ( O l tm mt y),
3
2
a
SO = . M l trung im ca AD. (P) l mt
phng qua BM v song song vi SA, ct SC ti K. Tnh th tch khi chp KABCD.
Cu 20) Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, cnh bn SA vung gc vi
y (ABC). Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC) theo a bit
6
.
2
a
SA =
Cu 21) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh ch nht, 2, 2 . AD a CD a = = Cnh SA vung
gc vi y v 3 2 . SA a = Gi K l trung im AB.
a) Chng minh rng (SAC) vung gc vi (SDK)
b) Tnh th tch khi chp CSDK theo a; tnh khong cch t K n (SDC).
Cu 22) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Mt phng (SAC) vung
gc vi y, gc ASC=90
0
, SA to vi y 1 gc 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp.
Cu 23) Cho lng tr ABCABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, hnh chiu vung gc
ca A ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi tm O ca tam gic ABC. Mt mt phng (P) cha BC v
vung gc vi AA ct lng tr theo 1 thit din c din tch
2
3
8
a
. Tnh th tch khi lng tr
Cu 24) Cho hnh chp SABC c AB=AC=a; ; 3
2
a
BC SA a = = ; gc SAB bng gc SAC v
bng 30
0
. Tnh th tch ca khi chp theo a.
Cu 25) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD cnh y bng a. Gi G l trng tm tam gic SAC
v khong cch t G n mt bn (SCD) bng
3
.
6
a

a) Tnh khong cch t tm ca mt y n mt bn (SCD)
b) Tnh th tch ca khi chopSABCD.
Cu 26) Cho hnh chp SABC c ng cao AB=BC=a; AD=2a. y l tam gic vung cn ti
B. Gi B l trung im ca SB, C l chn ng cao h t A xung SC.Tnh th tch khi chp
SABC.

21
Cu 27) Cho lng tr ng ABCABC c y ABC l tam gic vung, AB=BC=a, cnh bn
AA= 2 a . Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC
a) Tnh theo a th tch ca khi lng tr ABCABC
b) Tnh khong cch gia 2 ng thng AM v BC.

Cu 28) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a; SA=a; SB= 3 a v mt
phng (SAB) vung gc vi mt phng y. M v N ln lt l trung im ca cnh AB v BC.
Tnh th tch khi chp SBMDN v gc gia (SM;ND).
Cu 29) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang, gc BAD bng gc ABC v bng
90
0
; AB=BC=a; AD=2a. SA vung gc vi y v SA=2a. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca
SA; SD. Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD v khi chp SBCMN.
Cu 30) Cho lng tr ABCABC c di cnh bn bng 2a, y ABC l tam gic vung ti
A, AB=a; AC= 3. a v hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (ABC) l trung im ca cnh BC.
Tnh theo a th tch khi chp AABC v cosin ca gc gia 2 ng thng AA v BC.
Cu 31) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAD l tam gic
u v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh
SB, BC, CD. Chng minh AM vung gc vi BP v tnh th tch khi t din CMNP.
Cu 32) Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c AB=a; AC=2a; AA
1
= 2 5 a v gc BAC=120
0
. Gi
M l trung im ca cnh CC
1
. Chng minh rng MBMA
1
v tnh khong cch d t im A
n mt phng (A
1
MB)
Cu 33) Cho hnh chp SABC c gc gia 2 mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) bng 60
0
. Cc tam
gic ABC v SBC l cc tam gic u cnh a. Tnh theo a khong cch t nh B n mt phng
(SAC).
Cu 34) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O, SA vung gc vi y.
Cho AB=a; SA= 2 a . Gi H v K ln lt l hnh chiu ca A ln SB; SC. Chng minh
SC(AHK) v tnh th tch khi chp OAHK.
Cu 35) Trong mt phng (P) cho na ng trn ng knh AB=2R v im C thuc na
vng (SAB;SBC)=60
0
. Gi H, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca A trn SB, SC. Chng minh tam gic
AHK vung v tnh V
SABC

Cu 36) Lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c y l tam gic vung AB=AC=a; AA
1
= 2 a . Gi M, N
ln lt l trung im ca AA
1
v BC
1
. Chng minh rng MN l on vung gc chung ca AA
1
v BC
1
. Tnh th tch khi chp MA
1
BC
1
Cu 37) Cho lng tr ng ABCA
1
B
1
C
1
c tt c cc cnh u bng a. M l trung im ca on
AA
1
. Chng minh BMB
1
C v tnh
( )
1
; BM B C
d
Cu 38) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a. E l im i xng
ca D qua trung im SA, M l trung im ca AE, N l trung im ca BC. Chng minh MN
vung gc vi BD v tnh khong cch gia MN v AC theo a.
Cu 39) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh thang, gc ABC= gc BAD= 90
0
; AD=2a;
BA=BC=a. Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y v SA= 2 a . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A
trn SB.
a) Chng minh rng tam gic SCD vung
b) Tnh khong cch t H n mt phng (SCD)

22
Cu 40) Cho hnh chp SABC m mi mt bn l 1 tam gic vung. SA=SB=BS=a. Gi M, N,
E ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, AC, BC. D l im i xng ca S qua E, I l giao
im ca AD v (SMN)
a) Chng minh rng AD vung gc vi SI
b) Tnh theo a th tch khi t din MBSI
Cu 41) Cho hnh hp ng ABCDABCD c cc cnh AB=AD=a; AA=
3
2
a
v gc
BAD=60
0
. Gi M v N ln lt l trung im ca AD v AB. Chng minh AC vung gc
vi mt phng (BDMN) v tnh th tch khi chp ABDMN.
Cu 42) Hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB=a, AD=2a, cnh SA vung
gc vi y, cnh SB to vi mt phng y gc 60
0
. Trn cnh SA ly M sao cho
3
3
a
AM = ,
mt phng (BCM) ct SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp SBCNM.
Cu 43) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a. Gc BAD=60
0
. SA vung
gc vi mt phng (ABCD), SA=a. Gi C l trung im ca SC, mt phng (P) i qua AC v
song song vi BD, ct cc cnh SB, SD ca hnh chp ln lt ti B, D. Tnh th tch ca khi
chp SABCD.
Cu 44) Cho lng tr ABCABC c AABC l hnh chp tam gic u, cnh y AB=a, cnh
bn AA=b. Gi l gc gia 2 mt phng (ABC) v (ABC). Tnh tan v th tch khi chp
ABBCC.
Cu 45) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cnh y =a. Gi SH l ng cao ca hnh
chp. Khong cch t trung im I ca SH n mt phng (SBC) bng b. Tnh th tch khi chp
SABCD.
Cu 46) Cho hnh lp phng ABCDABCD c cnh =a v im K thuc cnh CC sao
cho:
2
3
a
CK = . Mt phng i qua A, K v song song vi BD chia khi lp phng thnh 2
khi a din. Tnh th tch ca 2 khi a din .
Cu 47) Cho 1 hnh tr trn xoay v hnh vung ABCD cnh a c 2 nh lin tip A; B nm trn
ng trn y th nht, 2 nh cn li nm trn ng trn y th 2 ca hnh tr. Mt phng
(ABCD)to vi y hnh tr gc 45
0
. Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch ca hnh tr.
Cu 48) Cho hnh nn nh S, y l ng trn tm O, SA v SB l 2 ng sinh. Bit SO=3a,
khong cch t O n mt phng (SAB) bng a, din tch tam gic SAB=18a
2
. Tnh th tch v
din tch xung quanh.
Cu 49) Cho hnh tr c 2 y l 2 hnh trn tm O v O. Bn knh y bng chiu cao v bng
a. Trn ng trn y tm O ly im A, trn ng trn y tm O lyim B sao cho
AB=2a.
a) Tnh din tch ton phn ca hnh tr v th tch ca khi tr
b) Tnh th tch t din OOAB.
Cu 50) Cho hnh chp ct tam gic u ngoi tip 1 hnh cu bn knh r cho trc. Tnh th tch
khi chp ct bit rng cnh y ln gp i cnh nh. (Hnh chp ngoi tip hnh cu nu hnh
cu tip xc vi tt c cc mt ca hnh chp).
Cu 51) Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c di cnh bn bng a. Cc mt bn hp vi mt
phng y mt gc . Tnh th tch khi cu ni tip hnh chp.

23
Cu 52) Cho hnh chp SABCD. Hai mt bn (SAB) v (SAD) cng vung gc vi mt y.
y ABCD l t gic ni tip trong ng trn tm O, bn knh R. Xc nh tm v tnh th tch
khi cu ngoi tip hnh chp SABCD bit SA=h.
Cu 53) Hnh cu ng knh AB=2R. Ly H trn AB sao cho AH=x ( 0<x<2R). Mt phng (P)
vung gc vi AB ti H ct mt cu theo giao tuyn l hnh trn (C), MNPQ l hnh vung ni
tip trong hnh trn giao tuyn (C).
a) Tnh bn knh ng trn giao tuyn. Tnh di MN, AC.
b) Tnh th tch khi a din to bi 2 hnh chp AMNPQ v BMNPQ.
Cu 54) Cho t din ABCD c AB=BC=AC=BD=a; AD=b. Hai mp(ACD) v (BCD) vung gc
vi nhau.
a) Chng minh tam gic ACD vung.
b) Tnh din tch mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD.
Cu 55) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD cnh y bng a, tm y l O, chiu cao SH=
2
a

a) CMR tn ti mt cu O tip xc vi tt c cc mt bn ca hnh chp. Tnh bn knh ca
mt cu
b) (P) l mt phng song song vi (ABCD) v cch (ABCD) mt khong x(0<x<R). S
td
l
din tch thit din to bi (P) v hnh chp (b i phn din tch nm trong mt cu) Xc
nh x S
td
=
2
R
Cu 56) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD cnh y v chiu cao cng bng a. Gi E, K ln
lt l trung im ca cc cnh AD v BC.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp SEBK
b) Tnh th tch ca khi cu ngoi tip hnh chp SEBK.
Cu 57) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD, cnh y c di bng a, cnh bn to vi cnh
y 1 gc 30
0
. Tnh th tch mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.

P S:
Cu 1) S:
1
2
Cu 10)
21
7
Cu 33)
3 13
13
a
d =
Cu 2)
3
2 6
) ; )
6 6
a a
a b Cu 11)
3
2 57 3 3
) ; )
19 50
a a
a b Cu 34)
3
2
27
a
V =
Cu 3)
3
16
45
a
S Cu 12)
3
2
12
a
V = Cu 35)
3
6
12
R
V =
Cu 4) 8 3 Cu 13)
3
2
4 3
; cos
3cos .sin 3
a

= Cu 36)
3
3
12
a
V =
Cu 5)
3 5
10
V = Cu 14)
3
2
36
a
V = Cu 37)
10
30
a
d =
Cu 6) ) 20 5; 10 5 b V V = = Cu 15)
3
4 2 5
;
9 5
a a
V d = = Cu 38)
2
4
a
d =
Cu 7)
60 34
( )
17
cm Cu 16)
3
3 15
5
V a = Cu 39)
3
a
h =

24
Cu 8)
2
10
( )
16
a
S dvdt = Cu 17)
3
9
208
a
V = Cu 40)
3
36
a
V =


Cu 18) V=3a
3
Cu 44
2 2 2 2 2
' ' '
2 3 3
tan ;
6
A BB CC
b a a b a
V
a

= =

Cu 19)
3
6
a
V = Cu 45)
3
2 2
2
.
3
16
a b
V
a b
=

Cu 20)
2
2
a
AH = Cu 46)
3 3
1 2
2
;
3 3
a a
V V = =
Cu 21)
3
3 5
2 ;
10
a
V a h = = Cu 47)
3 2
3 2 3
( );
16 2
xq
a a
V dvtt S

= =
Cu 22)
3
6
12
a
V = Cu 49)
3
2 3
3
4 ; ; ( )
12
TP OOAB
a
S a V a V dvtt = = =
Cu 23)
3
3
12
a
V = Cu 50)
2
7 3 V r =
Cu 24)
3
16
a
V = Cu 30)
3
1
;cos
2 4
a
V = =
Cu 25)
3
3 3
) ; )
4 6
a a
a b Cu 31)
3
3
96
a
V =
Cu 26)
3
)
36
a
c Cu 32)
5
3
a
d =
Cu 27)
3
2 7
) ; )
2 7
a a
a b Cu 41)
3
3
16
a
V =
Cu 28)
3
3 5
; cos
3 5
a a
V = = Cu 42)
3
10 3
27
a
V =
Cu 29)
3
3
) ; )
3
a
a a b Cu 43)
3
3
18
a
V =

Cu 30)
3
1
;cos
2 4
a
V = =

BI TP V MT CU NGOI TIP KHI CHP
Cu 1) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Hnh chiu ca S trng vi
trng tm tam gic ABD. Mt bn (SAB) to vi y mt gc 60
0
. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi
chp SABCD v tm tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip SABD.


25
Cu 2) Cho lng tr tam gic u ABCABC c cnh y bng a. Gi M, N , I ln lt l trung
im ca AA, AB v BC. Bit gc to bi (CAI) v (ABC) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp
NACI v xc nh tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip CAIB

Cu 3) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B
a AD a BC AB 2 ; = = = .Cnh bn SA vung gc vi y (ABCD) v SA=a. Gi E l trung im
ca AD.Tnh th tch khi chp SCDE v tm tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp .

Cu 4) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a v ng cao l SH vi
H tha mn 3 HN HM =

, trong M, N l trung im AB, CD. Mt phng (SAB) to vi y
ABCD gc 60
0
. Tnh khong cch t N n mt phng (SAC) v xc nh th tch khi cu ngoi
tip hnh chp SABCD

Cu 5) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht cnh ; 2 AB a AD a = = gc
gia hai mt phng (SAC) v ABCD bng 60
0
. Gi H l trung im ca AB. Bit mt bn SAB
l tam gic cn ti nh S v thuc mt phng vung gc vi y. Tnh th tch khi chp
SABCD v xc nh tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp SAHC

Cu 6) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A, B c
; 2 AB BC a AD a = = = , SAC l tam gic cn ti S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y,
SB to vi (SAC) gc 60
0
. Gi O l giao im AC v BD. Gi s mt phng (P) qua O song
song vi SC ct SA M. Tnh th tch khi chp MBCD v xc nh tm bn knh mt cu ngoi
tip khi chp SACD

Cu 7) Cho t din ABCD c AB=2a;
0

( ); ; 120 . AB BCD CB CD a BCD = = = Gi M l trung

im ca AB.Tnh khong cch t M n mt phng (ACD) v tnh th tch khi cu ngoi tip
t din ABCD

Cu 8) Cho tam gic u ABC c cnh bng a. Gi M l trung im ca BC, ly im D i
xng vi A qua M. Trn ng thng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) ti D ly im S sao
cho
6
2
a
SD = . Gi N l hnh chiu vung gc ca M ln SA.Tnh khong cch t M n mt
phng (SAC). Chng minh mt phng (SAC) vung gc vi mt phng (SAB) v xc nh tm
bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp NBCD
Cu 9) Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u cnh a,
3
a
DA DB = = , CD vung gc vi
AD.Trn cnh CD ko di ly im E sao cho
0

90 AEB = .Tnh gc to bi mt phng (ABC) v

mt phng (ABD).Xc nh tm v tnh th tch khi cu ngoi tip khi t din ABCE.

Cu 10) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh 2a. Mt bn (SAB) vung gc vi
y (ABCD). Bit a SA a SB = = ; 3 . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, AD, O l giao
im AC v DB. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp SAMBN v xc nh tm bn knh mi cu ngoi
tip khi chp SAMON


26
Cu 11) Cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh bng 2 a . Ly im H trn on AC vi AH=a/2.
Trn ng thng vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) ti H ly im S sao cho gc ASC=45
0
.
Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp SABCD

Cu 12) Cho t din ABCD c AB=AC=a, BC=b. Hai mt phng (BCD) v (ABC) vung
gcvi nhau v gc BDC=90
0
. Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD theo
a v b

Cu 13) Cho hnh chp SABC, bit SA=SB=SC=a.
0 0 0

60 ; 90 ; 120 ASB BSC CSA = = = . Xc
nh tm v bn knh mt cu (S) ngoi tip hnh chp SABC.

Cu 14) Cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti B vi AB=a. T trung im M ca AB ta dng ng
thng vung gc vi mt phng (ABC), trn ly im S sao cho SAB l tam gic u. Xc
nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp SABC.

Cu 15) Cho tam gic vung cn ABC vi AB=AC=a. BB v CC l hai on thng vung gc
vi mt phng (ABC) v cng mt pha so vi (ABC), BB=CC=a. Tnh th tch khi chp
ABCCB v tm tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp ABCCB.

Cu 16) Cho lng tr tam gic u ABCABC c cnh y bng a. Gi M, N, P ln lt l
trung im ca AA, AB, BC bit mt phng (MNP) to vi y ABC gc 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi
chp MNPC v xc nh tm bn knh mt cu ngoi tip khi chp ABPC





Mt s bi tp t luyn
1) Cho lng tr ng ABCABC y l tam gic cn c BC=AB=a, gc

. BAC = Mt phng
(BAC) to vi y lng tr mt gc
6

= .
Tnh th tch lng tr theo , a
Tnh din tch BAC v tnh khong cch t nh B n mt phng (BAC).
2) Cho lng tr ng ABCABC y l tam gic u cnh a. Mt phng (ABC) to vi mt
bn (BCCB) mt gc . Gi I, J l hnh chiu ca A ln BC v BC.
Chng minh

AIJ =
Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr.
3) Cho lng tr ng ABCABC y l tam gic u. Tam gic ABC c din tch bng 3 v
to vi y mt gc thay i 0
2

| |
< <
|
\ .
. Tm th tch khi lng tr ln nht.

27
4) Cho khi lng tr ABCABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti C, CA=CB=a. Mt
phng (AAB) vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ,

' 3, ' AA a A AB = nhn. Gc ca mt phng

(AAC) v (ABC) bng
0
60 . Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
5) Cho lng tr xin ABCABC c y l tam gic u cnh a. Hnh chiu vung gc ca A
ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi O l tm ng trn (ABC). Bit

'
4
BAA

= . Tnh th tch v
din tch xung quanh ca lng tr theo a.
6) Cho lng tr xin ABCABC c y tam gic ABC vung ti A vi AB=a, BC=2a. Mt bn
ABBA l hnh thoi, mt bn BCCB nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y, 2 mt ny to
nhau 1 gc .
Xc nh gc
Tnh theo a v th tch hnh lng tr.
7) Cho hnh hp xin ABCDABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a.
0

60 BAD = ,
AA=AB=AD v cnh bn to vi y gc .

Xc nh gc v chn ng cao v t A
Tnh th tch V ca hnh hp theo a v .
8) Cho ABCDABCD hnh lp phng cnh a. Ly M trn cnh AB vi AM=x (0<x<a). Gi
(P) l mt phng qua M v AC.
Tnh din tch thit din to bi (P) v hnh lp phng
Tm x mt phng (P) chia hnh lp phng thnh 2 khi a din m th tch khi ny bng 2
ln th tch khi a din kia.
9) Trn cc cnh SA,SB ca t din SABC ly cc im M,N sao cho
1
, 2
2
SM SN
MA NB
= = . Mt
mt phng ( )i qua MN v song song vi SC chia t din thnh 2 phn . Tnh t s th tch hai
phn .
10) Cho khi chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung A,BC = a ,SA = SB = SC = 2a v

ABC = . Gi H l hnh chiu ca S trn BC.

Tnh th tch khi chp SABC theo a v
Tnh khong cch t B n mt phng (SAH).
Cho (P) l mt phng qua A , trng tm tam gic SBC v song song vi BC chia khi chp
SABC thnh 2 phn. Tnh th tch mi phn
11) Cho khi chp DABC c mt (DBC) vung gc vi y , cc mt bn (DAB) v (DAC)
cng hp vi y gc
0
( 90 ) . Tnh th tch ca khi chp trong cc trng hp sau
a) ABC l tam gic vung ti A c AB = a , AC = 2a ;
b) ABC l tam gic u c cnh bng a.
12) Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD. Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC) bng 2a.
Gc gia cc mt bn v mt y l .
Tnh th tch khi chp theo a v
Xc nh th tch khi chp nh nht.
13) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a. Gi M, N l trung im
ca AB, AD, H l giao im ca CN vi DM. Bit SH vung gc vi (ABCD) v 3 SH = .
Tnh th tch khi chp SCDNM v khong cch gia DM v SC theo a (A 2010)

28
14) Cho lng tr tam gic u ABCABC c AB=a gc to bi (ABC) v (ABC) bng 60
0
.
Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh th tch khi lng tr v tm tm bn knh mt cu ngoi
tip khi chp GABC theo a. (B 2010)
15) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a. SA=a. Hnh chiu vung
gc ca S ln (ABCD) l im H thuc AC sao cho
4
AC
AH = . Gi CM l ng cao tam gic
SAC. Chng minh M l trung im ca SA v tnh th tch SMBC theo a. (D 2010)
16) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A, hai y l AD = 2a ,
BC = a. Bit AB = a , SA = a v SA (ABCD).
Tnh th tch ca khichp SACD.
Tnh th tch ca khi chp SBCD v khong cch d(B; (SCD))
17) Cho khi chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung A,BC = a ,SA = SB = SC = 2a v

ABC = . Gi H l hnh chiu ca S trn BC.

18)Tnh th tch khi chp SABC theo a v
a) Tnh khong cch t B n mt phng (SAH).
b) Cho (P) l mt phng qua A , trng tm tam gic SBC v song song vi BC chia khi chp
SABC thnh 2 phn. Tnh th tch mi phn
19) Cho khi chp DABC c mt (DBC) vung gc vi y , cc mt bn (DAB) v (DAC)
cng hp vi y gc
0
( 90 ) . Tnh th tch ca khi chp trong cc trng hp sau
a) ABC l tam gic vung ti A c AB = a , AC = 2a ;
b) ABC l tam gic u c cnh bng a
20) Cho lng tr tam gic u ABCABC c cnh y bng a. Gi M, N , I ln lt l trung
im ca AA, AB v BC. Bit gc to bi (CAI) v (ABC) bng 60
0
. Tnh th tch khi chp
NACI v khong cch gia hai ng thng MN, AC
21) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O cnh 5a , 4 AC a =
2 2 SO a = v SO vung gc vi y. Gi M l trung im ca SC. Tnh th tch khi chp
SMDB v khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BM.
22) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht tm O bit ; 3 AB a BC a = = , Tam
gic SAO cn ti S, mt bn SAD vung gc vi y ABCD. Bit SD hp vi y ABCD mt
gc 60
0
.Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD v khong cch gia SB v AC
23) Hnh chp SABC c ABC l tam gic vung ti B, , 2 , 2 AB a BC a SA a = = = v SA vung
gc vi (ABC). Gi M l trung im AC.Tnh khong cch gia
a) AB v SM
b) BC v SM
24) Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn nh B vi , 2 BC a SA a = = v SA
vung gc vi y ABC. Gi M, N l trung im ca AC v SB. Tnh khong cch gia
a) AC v SB
b) MN v BC
c) T M n (SBC)
25) Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a. Tam gic SAB u v
vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P l trung im ca SB, BC, SD. Tnh khong cch gia AP v
MN.