CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V PHI NHIM TRNG IN T CA CC TRM GC
IN THOI DI NG MT T CNG CNG
National technical regulation on electromagnetic exposure
from public land mobile base stations

H NI 2010

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
MC LC
1. QUY NH CHUNG ............................................................................................5
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh .......................................................................................5
1.2. i tng p dng .......................................................................................5
1.3. Ti liu vin dn ...........................................................................................5
1.4. Hng s, n v, i lng vt l .................................................................5
1.5. Gii thch t ng ..........................................................................................6
2. QUY NH K THUT .......................................................................................9
2.1. Gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nghip ................................................9
2.2. Phng php xc nh t l phi nhim tng cng......................................9
2.2.1. M t phng php ...............................................................................9
2.2.2. nh gi ton din T l phi nhim tng cng ..................................10
2.3. Phng php xc nh cc vng................................................................12
2.3.1. Vng tun th ......................................................................................12
2.3.2. Vng thm nhp ..................................................................................13
2.3.3. Vng lin quan.....................................................................................14
2.3.4. Vng o ...............................................................................................15
2.4. Phng php o ........................................................................................15
2.4.1. Yu cu chung.....................................................................................15
2.4.2. Php o T l phi nhim....................................................................16
2.4.3. Xc nh tng cc gi tr T l phi nhim ...........................................17
2.5. nh gi t l phi nhim tng cng..........................................................17
3. QUY NH V QUN L .................................................................................17
4. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC, C NHN....................................................17
5. T CHC THC HIN ....................................................................................17
Ph lc A (Tham kho) Xc nh vng tun th ..............................................19
Ph lc B (Tham kho) Xc nh ng bin ca vng lin quan.................22

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

Li ni u
QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT c xy dng trn c s sot xt, chuyn
i Tiu chun Ngnh TCN 68-255:2006 Trm gc in thoi di
ng mt t cng cng Phng php o mc phi nhim
trng in t ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 27/2006/Q-BBCVT
ngy 25 thng 07 nm 2006 ca B trng B Bu chnh, Vin
thng (nay l B Thng tin v Truyn thng).
Cc yu cu k thut ca QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT c xy dng
da trn cc tiu chun CENELEC EN 50400 (6-2006),
CENELEC EN 50383 (8-2002) v Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN
3718-1:2005.
QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT do Cc Qun l cht lng Cng ngh
thng tin v Truyn thng bin son, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh
trnh duyt v c ban hnh km theo Thng t s 18/2010/QBTTTT ngy 30 thng 07 nm 2010 ca B trng B Thng tin
v Truyn thng.

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA
V PHI NHIM TRNG IN T CA CC TRM GC IN THOI
DI NG MT T CNG CNG
National technical regulation on electromagnetic exposure from public land
mobile base stations
1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun k thut quc gia ny quy nh mc gii hn phi nhim trng in t
khng do ngh nghip ca cc trm gc in thoi di ng mt t cng cng (trm
thu pht thng tin di ng) v phng php o, nh gi s tun th.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng cho cc trm gc in thoi di ng mt t cng cng c
anten lp t ngoi tri, hot ng trong di tn s t 110 MHz n 3 GHz.
1.3. Ti liu vin dn
[1]

CENELEC EN 50400 (June 2006) Basic standard to demonstrate the

compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz 40 GHz)
intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic
restrictions or the reference levels related to general public human exposure to
radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service.

[2]

CENELEC EN 50383 (August 2002) Basic standard for the calculation and
measurement of electromagnetic field strength and SAR related to human
exposure from radio base station and fixed terminal stations for wireless
telecommunication systems (110 MHz 40 GHz).

[3]

TCVN 3718-1:2005 Qun l an ton trong trng bc x tn s rai Phn

1: Mc phi nhim ln nht trong di tn t 3 kHz n 300 GHz.

1.4. Hng s, n v, i lng vt l

i lng vt l
i lng

K hiu

n v

Cng trng in

Vn trn mt (V/m)

Cng trng t

Ampe trn mt (A/m)

Mt cng sut

Ot trn mt vung (W/m2)

Tn s

Hc (Hz)

Mc hp th ring

SAR

Ot trn kilgam (W/kg)

Bc sng

Mt (m)

Hng s vt l
Hng s
Vn tc nh sng trong chn khng
Tr khng khng gian t do
5

K hiu

Gi tr

2,997 x 108 m/s

120 (~ 377 )

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
1.5. Gii thch t ng
1.5.1. Anten (antenna)
Anten l thit b thc hin vic chuyn i nng lng gia sng c dn hng
(v d trong cp ng trc) v sng trong mi trng khng gian t do, hoc ngc
li. Anten c th c s dng pht hoc thu tn hiu v tuyn. Trong Quy chun
ny, nu khng c quy nh c th, thut ng anten c dng ch anten pht.
1.5.2. Cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng (Equivalent Isotropic
Radiated Power - EIRP)
Cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng c xc nh bi cng thc:
PEIRP = Pt L + G
trong :
-

PEIRP (dBm): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng;

Pt (dBm): tng cng sut ca cc my pht;

L (dB): tng suy hao t cc my pht n anten (v d do combiner, feeder);

G (dBi): tng ch cc i ca anten tng ng vi anten ng hng.

hoc:

PEIRP = Pt 10 (G L ) 10

trong :
-

PEIRP (W): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng;

Pt (W): tng cng sut ca cc my pht;

L (dB): tng suy hao t cc my pht n anten (v d do combiner, feeder);

G (dBi): tng ch cc i ca anten tng ng vi anten ng hng.

1.5.3. Cng trng in (electric field strength - E)

Cng trng in l ln ca vct trng ti mt im, xc nh bng lc F
trn mt n v in tch q chia cho in tch :
E=

F
q

Cng trng in c n v l V/m.

1.5.4. Cng trng t (magnetic field strength - H)
Cng trng t l ln ca vct trng ti mt im gy ra bi lc tnh in
F ln in tch q chuyn ng vi vn tc v :
F = q (v H )

Cng trng t c n v l A/m.

1.5.5. im o (Point of Investigation - PI)
im o l v tr nm trong vng o (DI) ni thc hin o cc gi tr trng in E,
trng t H hoc mt cng sut S.
1.5.6. im tham chiu (Reference Point - RP)

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
i vi anten dng tm (panel antenna) th im tham chiu l tm ca tm phn x
sau (rear reflector). i vi anten ng hng (omni-directional) th im tham chiu
l tm ca anten. Vi cc loi anten khc cn phi quy nh im tham chiu thch
hp.
1.5.7. ng bin tun th (Compliance Boundary - CB)
ng bin tun th l ng bao xc nh mt vng th tch m ngoi vng
mc phi nhim ti bt c v tr no cng khng vt qu mc gii hn phi nhim,
khng tnh n nh hng ca cc ngun bc x khc.
Vng tun th l vng th tch c bao bi ng bin tun th.
1.5.8. Mt cng sut (power density - S)
Mt cng sut l cng sut bc x ti vung gc vi mt b mt, chia cho din
tch b mt . Mt cng sut c n v l W/m2.
1.5.9. Mt cng sut sng phng tng ng (equivalent plane wave power
density)
Mt cng sut sng phng tng ng l cng sut trn mt n v din tch
c chun ha theo phng lan truyn ca sng phng trong khng gian t do
c biu din bi:
E2
S=
= 120H 2
120
1.5.10. My pht (transmitter)
My pht l thit b pht ra cng sut in tn s v tuyn v c ni vi anten cho
mc ch truyn thng tin.
1.5.11. Mc gii hn phi nhim (exposure level)
Mc gii hn phi nhim c dng so snh vi cc gi tr phi nhim. Trong di
tn s t 30 MHz n 3 GHz, cc mc gii hn phi nhim c th l gi tr cng
trng in, cng trng t hoc mt cng sut.
1.5.12. Mc hp th ring (Specific Absorption Rate - SAR)
Mc hp th ring l mc theo thi gian m nng lng RF truyn vo mt n v
khi lng sinh hc, biu th bng Ot trn kilgam (W/kg).
1.5.13. Ngun lin quan (Relevant Source - RS)
Ngun lin quan l ngun bc x v tuyn trong di tn s t 30 MHz n 3 GHz c
T l phi nhim ln hn 0,05 ti mt im o (PI) xc nh.
1.5.14. Phi nhim (exposure)
Phi nhim l hin tng xut hin khi con ngi b t trong trng RF hoc dng
in tip xc.
1.5.15. Phi nhim khng do ngh nghip (non-occupational exposure)
Phi nhim khng do ngh nghip l phi nhim ca con ngi, khng phi do trong
khi lm vic hoc do cng vic.
1.5.16. Thit b cn o kim (Equipment Under Test EUT)
Thit b cn o kim (EUT) l trm gc cn phi o theo phng php quy nh trong
Quy chun ny.
1.5.17. Tnh ng hng (isotropy)
7

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
Tnh ng hng l c tnh vt l khng thay i trong mi hng.
1.5.18. Trm gc (Base Station - BS)
Trm gc l thit b c nh s dng truyn sng v tuyn c s dng trong
mng di ng mt t cng cng. Trong phm vi ca Quy chun ny, thut ng trm
gc bao gm cc my pht v tuyn v anten i km.
1.5.19. Tr khng khng gian t do (intrinsic impedance of free space)
Tr khng c tnh l t s gia cng trng in vi cng trng t ca
sng in t lan truyn trong khng gian. Tr khng c tnh ca sng phng trong
khng gian t do (tr khng khng gian t do) xp x bng 377 (hay 120 ).
1.5.20. T l phi nhim (Exposure Ratio)
T l phi nhim l thng s c nh gi ti mt v tr xc nh cho mi tn s
hot ng ca ngun pht v tuyn, c biu din bng t s gia mt cng sut
sng phng tng ng so vi mc gii hn phi nhim tng ng.
Trong di tn s t 30 MHz n 3 GHz:
S E

=
ER =
S L E L

trong :
-

ER : T l phi nhim ti mi tn s hot ng ca ngun;

f : tn s hot ng ca ngun;

S : mt cng sut sng phng tng ng o c ti tn s f ca ngun;

S L : mc gii hn phi nhim dn xut di dng mt cng sut sng phng

tng ng ti tn s f ;

E : cng trng in o c ti tn s f ca ngun;

E L : mc gii hn phi nhim dn xut di dng cng trng in ti tn

s f .

1.5.21. T l phi nhim tng cng (Total Exposure Ratio - TER)

T l phi nhim tng cng l gi tr ln nht ca tng cc gi tr phi nhim ca
EUT v tt c cc ngun lin quan trong di tn s t 30 MHz n 3 GHz:
TER = EREUT + ER RS
trong :
-

EREUT : T l phi nhim ca EUT;

ERRS : T l phi nhim ca tt c cc ngun lin quan.

1.5.22. Vng o (Domain of Investigation - DI)

Vng o l phn vng ca vng lin quan ni ngi dn c th tip cn khi trm gc
c a vo hot ng.
1.5.23. Vng lin quan (Relevant Domain - RD)
Vng lin quan l vng xung quanh anten, trong T l phi nhim do anten
gy nn ln hn 0,05.
8

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
1.5.24. Vng thm nhp (Public Access - PA)
Vng thm nhp l ni c th din ra cc hot ng i li, sinh hot trong iu kin
bnh thng ca ngi dn.
2. QUY NH K THUT
2.1. Gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nghip
Gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nghip i vi cc tn s ca cc trm gc in
thoi di ng mt t cng cng phi ph hp vi gii hn quy nh ti iu 6.3 ca
Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 3718-1:2005, c th nh sau:
Mc gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nghip i vi cc tn s ca cc trm gc
in thoi di ng mt t cng cng, dn xut di dng mt cng sut sng
phng tng ng l 2 W/m2 (hoc dn xut di dng cng in trng l
27,5 V/m hoc dn xut di dng cng t trng l 0,073 A/m).
2.2. Phng php xc nh t l phi nhim tng cng
Mc ny quy nh phng php xc nh T l phi nhim tng cng trong cc khu
vc lin quan ni ngi dn c th tip cn.
2.2.1. M t phng php
T l phi nhim tng cng c xc nh theo lu Hnh 1.
Chu trnh minh ha trong Hnh 1 c thc hin theo 3 bc nh sau nhm xc
nh T l phi nhim tng cng:
-

Bc 1: xc nh vng tun th ca trm gc theo 2.3.1. Nu ngi dn c th

tip cn khng gian trong ng bin tun th (vng tun th) th T l phi
nhim tng cng s ln hn 1.

Bc 2: xc nh vng lin quan v vng o theo 2.3.3 v 2.3.4. Nu ngi dn

khng c kh nng tip cn vo vng lin quan, ngha l khng tn ti vng o,
th T l phi nhim tng cng s nh hn hoc bng 1.

Bc 3: xc nh T l phi nhim tng cng trong vng o theo 2.2.2.

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

Bt
B
t u
Bc 1 Xc nh vng tun th
ca EUT (xem mc 2.3.1)
6.1)

Vng thm nhp

(PA) c giao vi vng
tun th ca EUT khng?
(xem mc 2.3.2)
6.2)

Khng
Bc 2 Xc nh vng lin quan
(RD) v vng o (DI) ca EUT
(xem mc 2.3.3
6.3 vv6.4)
2.3.4)

Khng

C tn ti DI
trong RD khng?
C
Bc 3 - Xc nh TER
(xem mc 2.2.2)
5.2)

TER <=1 trong

DI khng?

TER <=1 trong DI

Kt thc

Khng

TER > 1 trong DI

Kt thc

Hnh 1 - Lu nh gi T l phi nhim tng cng

2.2.2. nh gi ton din T l phi nhim tng cng
Vic nh gi ton din T l phi nhim tng cng nhm xc nh T l phi nhim
tng cng ln nht trong cc khu vc lin quan ni m ngi dn c th tip cn
(ngha l vng o).
Nu nh khai thc thit lp ranh gii ca khu vc cm (restricted area) nhm ngn
s tip cn ca ngi dn ti khu vc xung quanh EUT v/hoc cc ngun lin quan
th vic nh gi phi c thc hin ti cc im o (PI) nm st vi cc ranh gii
ny (xem Hnh 2).

10

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

Hnh 2 - Ranh gii vt l ca khu vc cm nm trong vng o

T l phi nhim tng cng c xc nh ti cc im o (PI, xem 1.5.5) bng
phng php m t trong 2.4 v 2.5. Bc ly mu (khong cch gia cc im o)
ti a l 2 m. Tp hp cc im o phi to thnh li vi mt li l hnh vung c
kch thc ti a l 2 m x 2 m.

Hnh 3 - Ba v tr o ti tng im o
Ti mi im o, T l phi nhim tng cng c xc nh l gi tr ln nht ca
cc gi tr T l phi nhim tng cng o c ti cc v tr o c cao so vi mt
sn ni ngi dn tip cn (public walkway) l 110 cm, 150 cm v 170 cm v nm
trong vng o (DI) nh minh ha trong Hnh 3.

11

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
2.3. Phng php xc nh cc vng
2.3.1. Vng tun th

Hnh 4 - Vng tun th ca anten nh hng

Vng tun th ca mt anten nh hng (directional) l mt hnh tr trn (ng
knh l D) v chiu cao bng di mt bc x anten cng thm 20 cm, m rng 10
cm v hai pha trn v di ca anten ( H = h + 0,2 m), hnh tr ny c bt u t
sau anten 10 cm v c trc song song vi trc ca anten (xem chi tit ti Hnh 4).
Cng thc xc nh ng knh ca vng tun th ca anten nh hng (xem Ph
lc A):

D=

PEIRP
+ 0,1 (m)
4S L

trong :
-

D (m): ng knh ca hnh tr (ng knh ca vng tun th);

PEIRP (W): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng ca anten (xem mc

1.5.2);

S L (W/m2): mc gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nhip (dn xut di dng
mt cng sut sng phng tng ng). S L l mc gii hn phi nhim nh
nht trong cc mc gii hn phi nhim ti cc tn s pht khc nhau ca anten
(nu c).

12

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

Hnh 5 - Vng tun th ca anten ng hng

Vng tun th ca mt anten ng hng (omni-directional) l mt hnh tr trn
(ng knh l D) v chiu cao bng di mt bc x anten cng thm 20 cm, m
rng 10 cm v hai pha trn v di ca anten ( H = h + 0,2 m), hnh tr ny c trc
trng vi trc ca anten (xem chi tit ti Hnh 5).
Cng thc xc nh ng knh ca vng tun th ca anten ng hng (xem Ph
lc A):

D=

PEIRP
(m)
S L

trong :
-

D (m): ng knh ca hnh tr (ng knh ca vng tun th);

PEIRP (W): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng ca anten (xem mc

1.5.2);

S L (W/m2): mc gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nhip (dn xut di dng
mt cng sut sng phng tng ng). S L l mc gii hn phi nhim nh
nht trong cc mc gii hn phi nhim ti cc tn s pht khc nhau ca anten
(nu c).

Nu trm gc bao gm nhiu anten pht th vng tun th ca trm gc l tp hp

cc vng tun th ca cc anten thnh phn (xem minh ha ti mc A.2 ca Ph lc
A).
2.3.2. Vng thm nhp
Vng thm nhp c xc nh bi mt (hoc nhiu) khng gian c y l mt sn
ni ngi dn tip cn v chiu cao l 170 cm (xem minh ha ti Hnh 6).

13

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

Hnh 6 - Minh ha vng thm nhp

2.3.3. Vng lin quan
ng bin ca vng lin quan ca mt anten c xc nh bng cch nhn 5 ln
khong cch tnh t im tham chiu (RP) ca anten n ng bin ca vng tun
th (ng bin tun th - CB) ca anten theo mt hng xc nh (xem chi tit
ti Hnh 7, Hnh 8 v Ph lc B).
Nu trm gc bao gm nhiu anten pht th vng lin quan ca trm gc l tp hp
cc vng lin quan ca cc anten thnh phn.

Hnh 7 - Vng lin quan ca anten nh hng

14

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT

Hnh 8 - Vng lin quan ca anten ng hng

2.3.4. Vng o
Vng o l vng con ca vng lin quan ni ngi dn c th tip cn, l phn giao
nhau gia vng lin quan v vng thm nhp ca trm gc (xem minh ha ti Hnh
9).

Hnh 9 - Minh ha vng o

2.4. Phng php o
2.4.1. Yu cu chung
C th s dng cc thit b o bng thng rng (broadband) hoc thit b o chn
tn (frequency selective) bao gm mt hoc nhiu u o (probe) trng in E
hoc trng t H xc nh T l phi nhim ER o .

15

QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
Trong trng hp s dng u o khng ng hng (non-isotropic), php o phi
c thc hin theo cc hng o khc nhau nhm m bo tnh ng hng. V
d vi trng hp s dng anten lng cc (dipole), cc php o phi c thc
hin theo 3 hng trc giao trong khng gian.
Trong trng hp s dng u o ng hng, ch cn thc hin 1 php o duy
nht.
lch ng hng (isotropy deviation) ca u o trong c hai trng hp trn
u phi nh hn 2 dB ti cc tn s ln hn 30 MHz.
i vi thit b o chn tn th mc cng trng in nh nht o c phi
nh hn hoc bng 0,05 V/m v mc ln nht o c phi ln hn hoc bng 100
V/m.
i vi thit b o bng thng rng th mc cng trng in nh nht o c
phi nh hn hoc bng 1 V/m v mc ln nht o c phi ln hn hoc bng
100 V/m.
2.4.2. Php o T l phi nhim
2.4.2.1. Yu cu c bn
Ty thuc vo iu kin c th ca php o th c th s dng thit b o bng thng
rng hoc chn tn. Thng thng cc php o chn tn cho kt qu o T l phi
nhim chnh xc hn. Kt qu nh gi T l phi nhim s dng thit b o bng
thng rng theo 2.4.2.2 s vt qu gi tr thc t (overestimate).
Khong cch gia u o v ngi thc hin o hoc cc vt phn x ti thiu phi
l 1 m.
2.4.2.2. iu kin p dng php o bng thng rng
a) Mt ngun bc x v tuyn tri (predominant):
Thit b o bng thng rng c th c s dng xc nh T l phi nhim v T
l phi nhim tng cng trong trng hp c mt ngun bc x v tuyn tri. Mt
ngun v tuyn c coi l tri nu c th chng minh rng tng cng sut ca cc
ngun bc x khc nh hn 13 dB so vi cng sut ngun (c th s dng
phng php o ph - spectrum measurement).
b) nh gi qu mc mc phi nhim:
Nu gi tr o c thp hn 13 dB so vi mc gii hn phi nhim thp nht c
p dng th gi tr ER o s nh hn 1 k c khi tnh n s thay i v lu lng v
iu khin cng sut trong trm gc.
2.4.2.3. iu kin p dng php o chn tn
Cng trng o c lin quan n mt ngun bc x v tuyn phi bao hm
tng cng sut ca tn hiu. Do vy bng thng phn gii (Resolution Bandwidth RBW) ca thit b o phi rng hn bng thng chim dng (Occupied Bandwidth OBW) ca tn hiu.
Trong trng hp tn hiu c ph tn s rng hn bng thng phn gii th p dng
phng php cng tch ly tng cng sut, c tnh n hnh dng ca b lc bng
thng phn gii (thng c gi l ch o cng sut knh Channel Power
mode).
i vi tn hiu c h s gn sng (crest factor) ln th khng nn s dng s dng
b tch sng nh (peak detector) v c th gy ra s sai lch ln.
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QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
2.4.3. Xc nh tng cc gi tr T l phi nhim
Nu s dng phng php bng thng rng o T l phi nhim (mc 2.4.2.2) s
thu c trc tip gi tr ER o .
Trong trng hp c N ngun bc x n tn, T l phi nhim ca mi ngun o
c theo phng php chn tn (mc 2.4.2.3) l ERi th gi tr ER o s l:
N

ER o = ERi
i =1

Theo quy nh ti 2.2, ti mi im o gi tr ER o c xc nh ti 3 v tr v ly gi

tr ln nht.
2.5. nh gi t l phi nhim tng cng
T l phi nhim tng cng ti im o (PI) l tng ca M gi tr ER o o c trong
ton b di tn s t 30 MHz n 3 GHz:
M

TER = ER o
j = ER EUT + ER RS
j =1

Nu T l phi nhim tng cng nh hn hoc bng mt ( TER 1 ) th trm gc tun

th yu cu v mc gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nghip.
Nu T l phi nhim tng cng ln hn mt ( TER > 1 ) th trm gc khng tun th
yu cu v mc gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nghip.
3. QUY NH V QUN L
3.1. Mc gii hn phi nhim quy nh ti mc 2.1 ca Quy chun ny dn chiu t
iu 6.3 ca Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 3718-1:2005. Trng hp TCVN 37181:2005 c s thay i hay cp nht, p dng tiu chun tng ng.
3.2. Cc trm gc in thoi di ng mt t cng cng phi ph hp cc yu cu
quy nh ti Quy chun ny.
4. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC, C NHN
Cc doanh nghip vin thng c trch nhim m bo cc trm gc in thoi di
ng mt t cng cng ph hp vi Quy chun ny v chu s kim tra ca c
quan qun l nh nc theo cc quy nh hin hnh.
5. T CHC THC HIN
5.1. Cc Qun l cht lng Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng v cc S Thng
tin v Truyn thng c trch nhim hng dn v t chc trin khai qun l cc trm
gc in thoi di ng mt t cng cng theo Quy chun ny.
5.2. Quy chun ny c p dng thay th tiu chun ngnh m s TCN 68255:2006 Trm gc in thoi di ng mt t cng cng Phng php o mc
phi nhim trng in t.
5.3. Trong trng hp cc quy nh nu ti Quy chun ny c s thay i, b sung
hoc c thay th th thc hin theo quy nh ti vn bn mi.

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Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Xc nh vng tun th
A.1.

Xc nh ng knh ca vng tun th

Hnh A.1a v A.1b biu din mt ct ngang (vung gc vi trc anten) ca vng tun
th ca anten nh hng v anten ng hng qua im tham chiu ca anten
(xem 1.5.6).
D

D
d

0,1

Anten

Anten
F

im tham
chiu (RP)

im tham
chiu (RP)
n v: mt (m)

a. Mt ct ngang ca vng tun th ca b. Mt ct ngang ca vng tun th ca

anten nh hng qua im tham chiu anten ng hng qua im tham chiu
Hnh A.1 - Mt ct ngang ca vng tun th qua im tham chiu
Trn mt ct ngang gi im F l im xa nht so vi im tham chiu (RP) theo
hng bp sng chnh ca anten nh hng (xem Hnh A.1a).
p dng m hnh truyn sng trong khng gian t do, vi gi thit ti im F trn
ng bin tun th c c tnh bc x trng xa, mt cng sut ti im F s l:

SF =

PEIRP
(W/m2)
4d 2

trong :
-

PEIRP (W): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng ca anten;

d (m): khong cch t im tham chiu (RP) n im F;

S F (W/m2): mt cng sut ti im F.

Theo nh ngha ng bin tun th th mt cng sut ti im F bng mc gii

hn phi nhim dn xut di dng mt cng sut, S F = S L . V vy:

d=

PEIRP
(m)
4S L

ng knh ca vng tun th l D = d + 0,1 (m)

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QCVN 8:2010/BTTTT
Nh vy:

D=

PEIRP
+ 0,1 (m)
4S L

Chn im A l im bt k nm trn ng bin tun th ca anten ng hng

(xem Hnh A.1b).
p dng m hnh truyn sng trong khng gian t do, vi gi thit ti im bt k
trn ng bin tun th ca anten ng hng c c tnh bc x trng xa, mt
cng sut ti im A s l:

SA =

PEIRP
2
2 (W/m )
4R

trong :
-

PEIRP (W): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng ca anten;

R (m): khong cch t im tham chiu (RP) n im A (chnh bng bn knh

ca vng tun th);

S A (W/m2): mt cng sut ti im A.

Theo nh ngha ng bin tun th th mt cng sut ti im A bng mc gii

hn phi nhim dn xut di dng mt cng sut, S A = S L . V vy:

R=

PEIRP
(m)
4S L

ng knh ca vng tun th l D = 2 R (m)

Nh vy:

D=
A.2.

PEIRP
(m)
S L

Hnh v minh ha vng tun th

Hnh A.2 minh ha vng tun th ca mt trm gc in thoi di ng mt t cng

cng bao gm cc anten nh hng (directional).

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Hnh A.2 - Minh ha vng tun th ca mt trm gc

A.3.

V d tnh ton kch thc vng tun th

Mc ny nu mt v d tnh ton kch thc vng tun th cho mt anten nh

hng. Gi thit mt anten trm gc loi nh hng c cc thng s sau :
-

Tng cng sut pht ca cc my pht Pt = 144 W (tng ng 51,6 dBm);

Tng suy hao t cc my pht n anten L = 6 dB;

tng ch ca anten theo hng bp sng chnh G = 17,5 dBi;

Mc gii hn phi nhim khng do ngh nghip (dn xut di dng mt

cng sut sng phng tng ng) ti tn s pht ca anten S L = 2 W/m2;

di mt bc x ca anten h = 0,8 m.

Vng tun th ca anten ny c dng hnh tr nh Hnh 4.

Cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng:
PEIRP = Pt L + G
Nh vy PEIRP = 63,1 dBm (tng ng 2034 W)
ng knh ca vng tun th:

D=

PEIRP
+ 0,1 = 9,1 m
4S L

Chiu cao ca vng tun th: H = h + 0,2 = 1 m

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Ph lc B
(Tham kho)
Xc nh ng bin ca vng lin quan
Ph lc ny din gii cch xc nh ng bin ca vng lin quan bng cch nhn
5 ln khong cch gia im tham chiu ca anten v ng bin tun th theo mt
hng xc nh.
Khi xc nh ng bin ca vng lin quan da trn ng bin tun th p dng
cc gi thit sau:
a) Ti im bt k trong trng xa ca trng bc x, cng trng in t l
nghch vi khong cch t im n anten bc x;
b) Ti mi tn s, T l phi nhim t l vi bnh phng cng trng in.

Hnh B.1 - Xc nh bin vng lin quan

Xt ti im PCB cch anten khong cch l d , gi tr cng trng in o c
l E d . Nu E d = E L (l gi tr mc gii hn phi nhim dn xut di dng cng
trng in) th theo nh ngha ng bin tun th (mc 1.5.7), im PCB s thuc
vo ng bin tun th v T l phi nhim ti im ny s bng 1 v:
E
ERd = d
EL

Ti im PRD cch anten khong cch 5d , cng trng in tng ng s l

E d 5 v T l phi nhim tng ng l:
2

E 5
ERd
ERr = d =
25
EL

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T l ny (4%) nh hn so vi quy nh v gii hn ca vng lin quan (mc 1.5.23)
l 5% v do ti v tr ny, anten bc x ang xt khng cn c coi l ngun lin
quan. Tp hp cc im PRD s to thnh bin ca vng lin quan.

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