NHN RA TH GII

NC UNG CHO CHN NUI LN, GIA CM

L Hng Mn 1. Vai tr ca nc trong c th ng vt* Nc l thnh phn c bn ca t bo rt quan trng trong mi hot ng sng ca ng vt chim t l n 60 - 70% khi lng c th, gia sc non t l ny n 80% (ln con mi sinh 82%). Nc trong t bo v cc t chc mu, dch lm ba l 80%, trong nc bt 98%, gan v c 75%, trong m 28%, xng 10%. Nc c vai tr quan trng cho s sng ca ng vt, v rng c th ng vt tn ti khi lng m mt ht, lng m (Prtin) mt 2/3, nhng khng tn ti khi mt 1/10 lng nc v gia sc cht v mt 2/10 lng nc. Nc lm dung mi ha tan v vn chuyn cc cht dinh dng trong c th ng vt v thi cn b, cht c ra ngoi. Nc iu ha n nh thn nhit, khi 1g nc bc hi sn sinh 580 calori. Nc tham gia vo cc phn ng ha hc, thy phn cc vt cht dinh dng trong ng tiu ha, m bo. Nc lm cn bng kim toan trong mu. Nc rt quan trng cho vic bi trn cc khp ni (hot dch) v cht n cho c th. Nc thiu lm cho ln, gia cm gim hp th thc n, chm ln, gim sinh sn. Thiu nc s ko di dn n nh tr cc qu trnh trao i cht, nh tr hot ng sinh l v cht. ng vt c th nhn n ti a 2 tun, nhng khng th nhn ung trong 48 gi. 2. Ngun nc cung cp cho c th ng vt, gm c Nc ung l ch yu. Nc trong thc n ( m thc n thng 10 12%). Nc ni sinh trong qu trnh trao i cht. Qu trnh oxy ha cht bo 1kg sn sinh 1190g nc, tinh bt 1kg sn sinh 560g nc, prtin 1kg sn sinh 450g nc (NRC, 1981). 3. Nhu cu nc cho ln Lng nc cho ln thng 2 nc 1 thc n, ph thuc vo s lng thc n tip nhn, nhit chung nui, mc tng trng ln tht, ln ni nui nhiu t con, v.v... Lng nc cho cc loi ln: Ln con 4 ngy tui cn 46mg/kg th trng (Fraser, 1988). Ln cai sa cn 0,149l/ngy (gill, 1986). Ln choai n t do cn 2,5l/kg thc n tip cn, n hn ch cn 3,7 lt/kg thc n tip cn. Ln ni khng cha v cha k I cn 11,5l/ngy/con. Ln ni cha giai on cui cn 20l/ngy/con. Ni nui con cn lng nc cho duy tr mi hot ng sinh l v nc cho tit sa 8 - 16 sa/ngy l 18 - 20l/ngy. Ln c ging 10 - 15l/ngy. 4. Nhu cu nc ung cho g Lng nc cho g bnh qun gp i lng thc n, nhng ph thuc thi tit nng th gp n 3 ln, cn tu thuc theo la tui.
*

Hi chn nui Vit nam

Tp ch chn nui s 8 - 08

44

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

http://www.Lrc-tnu.edu.vn

NHN RA TH GII 220C lng nc cho g gp 1,5 ln - 2 ln lng thc n, 350C cn 4,7 - 5 ln lng thc n. G khng cn 140g/nc/ngy, g 250g/ngy. Bnh thng nc cho g gp 3 ln lng thc n. G Broiler mi trng 30 C cn lng nc theo tun tui:
0

nui vt ngan trn cn cho nn lng nc thng tng gp i. 6. Cht lng nc ung Nc ung phi trong sch m bo tiu chun cht lng, nhng yu t vt mc cho php c th l nguyn nhn gy nn bnh ng rut nhim khun, hoc gy tr ngi trong trao i cht. Cht lng nc cn t cc yu t sau: PH chp nhn... = 6,5 - 8,5 (Fraser, 1993). cng: do cc cation kim loi ha tr Ca, Mg gy ra. Nc cng c gi tr > 200 TH (10TH = 4 mg canxi/lt). Nc mm c gi tr > 100TH (nc ma) mang tnh axit (s n mn ng ng). cng chp nhn ca nc trong khong 10 300TH. St: Khng vt qu 2,1 mg/l. Cc cht lng ng qua dng cc b lc 60 80 microns (200mesh). Tiu chun cht lng nc cho gia cm ca hng ISA Php (2002) th phi t cc ch s sau:
Cho php 0 0 0 0 25 0,05 0,05 0,02 0,10 100 30 25 25 7,0 - 8,5 Chp nhn c 0 0 0 0 50 0,05 0,20 0.50 1,00 200 50 250 250 6,5 - 9,0

Lng nc cho 1000 g (lt). 1 tun tui 26 2 85 3 150 4 221 6 274 7 357 G hu b cho n hn ch th cho g n ung cng thi gian, khi g n ht thc n trong mng cho ung nc thm 1 gi. Thc hin ch 1 ngy cho n 1 ngy ngh th ngy cho g nhn ch cho ung trong 3 gi. Ngy nng cn cho ung nc mt v cho ung t do trong thi gian nng nht trong ngy. 5. Nhu cu nc ung cho vt ngan Lng nc cho ngan vt tun tui u 120ml/ngy/con, tun th 2 l 350ml/ngy/con, tun tui 5 - 8 lng nc cho vt ngan 0,4 0,6l/con/ngy. Vt ngan hu b 0,5 - 0,6l/con/ngy, vt ngan sinh sn 0,6 - 0,7l/con/ngy. Vt ngan ung nc nhiu cn c nc thng xuyn trong mng v tp tnh vy nc ln tm khi
Cc yu t Choliforin Streptocveci Samonella Staphylococci Nitrat Amonia St Mangan ng Canxi Magnesium Sulfat Chlorid pH /V tnh VK/1 lt VK/1l VK/5l VK/5l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l Mg/l

Tp ch chn nui s 8 - 08

45

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

http://www.Lrc-tnu.edu.vn

NHN RA TH GII

7. Chun b ngun nc sch Mt nguyn nhn quan trng gy dch bnh cho gia sc, gia cm nht l cc bnh truyn nhim l do ngun nc bn khng t tiu chun v sinh an ton, khng m bo tinh khit v nng cc vi khun, pH. Ngun nc bn trn ao, h, sng rch, rung ng lu chy t ni ny sang ni khc chuyn rt nhanh cc mm bnh cho gia sc gia cm cc vng.

Quy hoch xy dng trang tri chn nui trc ht phi c ngun nc: Khoan tm nc ngm, cch xa ngun nc bn, c lu lng nc, phn tch nc tiu chun, c h thng lc, b ng c mi che... v.v.... trang tri ln, gia cm ngun nc ung cng l ngun nc dng cho lau ra chung tri, thit b, dng c m bo an ton v sinh th y phng bnh.

(Drinking water used for domestic pigs, poultry)

Tp ch chn nui s 8 - 08

46

S ha bi Trung tm Hc liu i hc Thi Nguyn

http://www.Lrc-tnu.edu.vn