Chng 1: in tch in trng

http://www.truongthuthua.edu.vn

CHNG 1: IN TCH - IN TRNG.

Tng tc gia cc in tch.

Hai in tch q1, q 2 t cch nhau mt khong r s tng tc vi nhau mt lc F ; F c cc
c im sau:
- im t: trn in tch kho st;

q2

- Phng: l ng thng ni hai

in tch q1, q2;
- Chiu: l lc y nu hai in tch
q1, q2 cng du, l lc ht nu hai in tch
q1, q2 tri du;
- ln: F k

F12

q1

F21

q1.q2

r
F = F21= F12

r2

Bi 1. Khong cch gia mt prton v mt lectron l r = 5.10-9 (cm), coi rng prton v lectron
l cc in tch im. Lc tng tc gia chng l:
Bi 2. Hai in tch im bng nhau t trong chn khng cch nhau mt khong r = 2 (cm). Lc
y gia chng l F = 1,6.10-4 (N). ln ca hai in tch l:
Bi 3. Hai in tch im bng nhau t trong chn khng cch nhau mt khong r1 = 2 (cm). Lc
y gia chng l F1 = 1,6.10-4 (N). lc tng tc gia hai in tch bng F2 = 2,5.10-4 (N) th
khong cch gia chng l bao nhiu?
Bi 4. Hai in tch im q1 = +3 ( C) v q2 = -3 ( C),t trong du ( = 2) cch nhau mt
khong r = 3 (cm). Lc tng tc gia hai in tch l bao nhiu?
Bi 5. Hai in tch im bng nhau c t trong nc ( = 81) cch nhau 3 (cm). Lc y gia
chng bng 0,2.10 -5 (N). Tnh ln ca hai in tch.
Bi 6. Hai qu cu nh c in tch 10-7 (C) v 4.10-7 (C), tng tc vi nhau mt lc 0,1 (N) trong
chn khng. Khong cch gia chng l bao nhiu?
Bi 7. C hai in tch q1 = + 2.10 -6 (C), q2 = - 2.10 -6 (C), t ti hai im A, B trong chn khng
v cch nhau mt khong 6 (cm). Mt in tch q3 = + 2.10 -6 (C), t trn ng trung trc ca AB,
cch AB mt khong 4 (cm). ln ca lc in do hai in tch q1 v q2 tc dng ln in tch q3 l
bao nhiu?
Bi 8. Hai in tch q 1=4.10 -8C v q2=-4.10-8C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau 4cm trong khng
kh. Tnh lc tc dng ln in tch q= 2.10 -7C t ti :
a. Trung im O ca AB.
b. im M cch A 4cm,cch B 8cm.
Bi 9. Hai in tch c in tch tng cng l 3.10-5C khi t chng cch nhau 1m trong khng
kh th chng y nhau bng lc 1,8N. Tnh ln ca mi in tch.
Bi 10. Hai in tch im q 1 v q 2 t cch nhau mt khong r = 30cm trong khng kh, lc tc
dng gia chng l F0. Nu t chng trong du th lc tng tc gim i 2,25 ln. lc tng tc
vn bng F0 th cn dch chng li mt khong bng bao nhiu?

Chng 1: in tch in trng

http://www.truongthuthua.edu.vn

Bi 11. Ba in tch im q 1=q2=q3= 1,5.10 -6C t trong khng kh ti ba nh ca mt tam gic u

cnh a=15cm. Tnh lc tng hp tc dng ln mi in tch.
Bi 12. Hai in tch im q 1=2.10 -9C v q2= 4.10 -9C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau 5cm trong
khng kh. in tch q 3= 10-9C t ti im C vi CA= 3cm v CB= 4cm. Lc tc dng ca q1 v q2
ln q3 l bao nhiu?
Bi 13. Cho ba in tch im q1= 6 C; q2= 12 C v q3 ln lt t ti ba im A, B, C thng
hng(trong chn khng) AB= 20cm, BC = 40cm. Lc tng hp tc dng ln in tch q 1 bng F=
14,2N. Xc nh in tch q 3.
Hai qu cu kim loi ging nhau, mang in tch q1,q 2 t cch nhau 50cm th ht nhau mt
lc F1= 0,108N. Ni 2 qu cu bng mt dy dn, xong b dy dn i th thy 2 qu cu y nhau
vi mt lc F2= 36.10 -3N. Tnh q1,q2.
Bi 14.

Kho st s cn bng ca mt cht im

iu kin cn bng ca mt cht im: Fhl 0

Trng hp c hai lc tc dng: hai lc phi cng phng, ngc chiu, cng ln.
Trng hp c ba lc tc dng: hp ca hai lc phi cn bng vi lc cn li
Bi 1. Mt qu cu khi lng m=4g treo bng mt si ch mnh. in tch ca qu cu l q1=2.108
C. Pha di qu cu dc theo phng ca si ch c mt in tch q2. khong cch gia 2 in tch
l r = 5cm v lc cng dy l T= 5.10-2N. Xc nh in tch q2 v lc tc dng gia chng.
Bi 2. Cho 2 in tch im q1 = 4 C , q2 = 9 C t ti 2 im A v B (trong chn khng) cch
nhau AB = 1m. Xc nh v tr im M khi t ti M mt in tch q 0, lc in tng hp tc dng
ln q0 s bng 0.
Bi 3. Hai qu cu nh ging nhau, c cng khi lng m = 0.2g, c treo ti cng mt im
bng hai si t mnh di l = 0.5m. Khi mi qu cu tch in tch q nh nhau, chng tch xa nhau
mt khong a = 5cm. Tnh in tch q.

Chng 1: in tch in trng

http://www.truongthuthua.edu.vn

Cng in trng. Lc in trng

Xung quanh in tch Q c mt in trng. Vct cng in trng E do in tch

im Q gy ra ti mt im cch n mt khong r c cc c im sau:
- im t: ti im kho st;
- Phng; l ng thng ni in tch vi im kho st;
- Chiu: hng ra xa Q nu Q>0, hng v Q nu Q<0;
- ln: E k .

r2

Mt in tch q, t trong in trng E , s chu tc dng mt lc F

F q.E

q 0 F E

q 0 F E
ln: F q E
Bi 1. Mt in tch im q = 10 -7C t trong in trng ca mt in tch im Q chu tc dng
ca lc F = 3.10-3N. Cng in trng E ti im t in tch q c ln bao nhiu?
Bi 2. Mt qu cu nh mang in tch q = 10-9C t trong khng kh. Cng in trng ti
mt im cch qu cu 3cm l bao nhiu?
Bi 3. Hai in tch q 1 = q2 = 5.10 -16 (C), t ti hai nh B v C ca mt tam gic u ABC cnh
bng 8 (cm) trong khng kh. Cng in trng ti nh A ca tam gic ABC c ln l bao
nhiu?
Bi 4. Ti mt im c 2 cng in trng thnh phn vung gc vi nhau v c ln l
3000 V/m v 4000V/m. ln cng in trng tng hp l bao nhiu?
Bi 5. Hai in tch q 1 = -10-6C v q 2 = 10-6C t ti 2 im A v B cch nhau 40cm trong khng
kh. Tnh cng in trng tng hp ti:
a. trung im M ca AB.
b. im N cch A 20cm v cch B 60cm.
Bi 6. Ba in tch q1 =q2 =q3 = 5.10-9C t ti 3 nh ca hnh vung cnh a = 30cm trong khng
kh. Tnh cng in trng tng hp nh th t.
Bi 7. Hai in tch q1= 2.10-8C v q2= 8.10 -8C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau 30cm trong chn
khng. Tm v tr im M m ti cng in trng tng hp bng 0.
Bi 8. Hai in tch q 1 = 5.10-9 (C), q2 = - 5.10-9 (C) t ti hai im cch nhau 10 (cm) trong chn
khng. ln cng in trng ti im nm trn ng thng i qua hai in tch v cch q 1 5
(cm), cch q2 15 (cm) l bao nhiu?
Bi 9. t mt in tch th - 1C ti mt im, n chu mt lc in 1mN c hng t tri sang
phi. Cng in trng c ln v hng nh th no?

Chng 1: in tch in trng

http://www.truongthuthua.edu.vn

Bi 10. Hai in tch q1 = 5.10 -9 (C), q2 = - 5.10 -9 (C) t ti hai im cch nhau 10 (cm) trong chn
khng. ln cng in trng ti im nm trn ng thng i qua hai in tch v cch u
hai in tch l bao nhiu?
Bi 11. Mt in tch im q = 10-7 C t trong in trng ca 1 in tch im chu tc dng lc F
= 3.10-3N. tnh cng in trng E ti im t in tch q v ln ca in tch Q. Bit rng 2
in tch cch nhau r = 30cm trong chn khng.
Bi 12. Mt qu cu nh A mang in tch dng Q = 10-7 (C) t trong du ha c = 2. Xc nh
cng in trng E ca in tch Q ti im M cch tm qu cu a mt khong r = 30cm.
Bi 13. Ti ba nh ca mt tam gic vung ABC, AB= 30cm, AC=40cm t ba in tch q1= q2=
q3=q=10 -9C trong chn khng. Cng in trng ti H l chn ng cao h t A trn cnh
huyn BC l bao nhiu?
Bi 14. Hai in tch im q1= q2 = 10 -5C t hai im A,B cch nhau 6cm trong cht in mi
2 . Tnh cng in trng tng hp ti im M nm trn ng trung trc ca AB v cch
AB mt khong 4cm. Bi 15. Cho 4 in tch im c cng ln q t ti 4 nh ca mt hnh
vung c cnh a. Xc nh cng in trng gy bi 4 in tch ti tm O ca hnh vung khi
q1=q3>0; q2=q 4<0.
Bi 15. Qu cu nh khi lng m=0,2g, mang in tch q= 2.10 -9C, treo trn si dy mnh trong
in trng u c phng nm ngang cng in E= 106V/m. Ly 10m/s2. Tnh gc lch ca si
dy so vi phng thng ng.
Bi 16. Mt qu cu nh khi lng m=20g mang in tch q= 10-7C c treo trong in trng
c phng nm ngang bng mt s dy mnh th dy treo hp vi phng thng ng mt gc =
300. ln ca cng in trng l bao nhiu?
Bi 17. Hai in tch im q1= 8.0-8C v q2= -4.10-8C t ti hai im AB cch nhau mt khong
10cm trong khng kh. Tm v tr m ti cng in trng bng khng.
Bi 18. Ba im A, B, C trong khng kh to thnh mt tam gic vung ti A. AB=3cm, AC=4cm.

Cc in tch q 1, q2 c t A v B. Bit q1=- 3,6.10 -9C, vct cng in trng tng hp EC

ti C c phng song song vi AB. Xc nh q 2 v cng in trng EC ti C.

Chng 1: in tch in trng

http://www.truongthuthua.edu.vn

Cng ca lc in trng in th - hiu in th

Cng ca lc in trng lm di chuyn in tch t M n N trong in trng
AMN qEd; A MN =qU MN

in th ti im M trong in trng: VM

AM WM

q
q

Hiu in th gia hai im M v N trong in trng: U MN VM VN

AMN
q

in th ti im M, do in tch q gy ra ti M cch q mt khong r: VM k .

q
r

Cng ca ngoi lc: A=-A

Bi 1. Cng ca lc in trng dch chuyn mt in tch 1C dc theo chiu mt ng sc

trong mt in trng u 1000 V/m trn qung ng di 1 m l bao nhiu?
Bi 2. Cho in tch dch chuyn gia 2 im c nh trong mt in trng u vi cng 150
V/m th cng ca lc in trng l 60 mJ. Nu cng in trng l 200 V/m th cng ca lc
in trng dch chuyn in tch gia hai im l bao nhiu?
Bi 3. Hai tm kim loi song song, cch nhau 2 (cm) v c nhim in tri du nhau. Mun lm
cho in tch q = 5.10-10 (C) di chuyn t tm ny n tm kia cn tn mt cng A = 2.10-9 (J). Coi
in trng bn trong khong gia hai tm kim loi l in trng u v c cc ng sc in
vung gc vi cc tm. Cng in trng bn trong tm kim loi l bao nhiu?
Bi 4. Mt qu cu nh khi lng 3,06.10-15 (kg), mang in tch 4,8.10-18 (C), nm l lng gia
hai tm kim loi song song nm ngang nhim in tri du, cch nhau mt khong 2 (cm). Ly g =
10 (m/s2). Hiu in th t vo hai tm kim loi l bao nhiu?
Bi 5. Cng ca lc in trng lm di chuyn mt in tch gia hai im c hiu in th U =
2000 (V) l A = 1 (J). ln ca in tch l bao nhiu?
Bi 6. Gia hai bn kim loi phng song song cch nhau 4 cm c mt hiu in th khng i 200
V. Cng in trng khong gia hai bn kim loi l bao nhiu?
Bi 7. Mt electron bay vi vn tc v =1,2.107m/s, t 1 im c in th V1=600V, theo hng
ca cc ng sc. Tnh in th V2 ca im m electron dng li.
Bi 8. C hai bn kim loi phng t song song vi nhau v cch nhau 1,1cm. Hiu in th gia
bn dng v bn m l 220V. Hi in th ti im M nm trong khong gia 2 bn, cch bn m
0,8cm s l bao nhiu? Mc in th bn m.
Bi 9. Mt electron bay vo mt in trng u c E= 910V/m vi vn tc ban u v0= 2.10 6m/s
cng hng vi ng sc. Tm qung ng m electron vo su nht trong in trng v thi
gian i ht qung ng .
Bi 10. Mt qu cu kim loi c bn knh 4cm tch in dng. di chuyn in tch dng
q=10-9C t v cng n M cch mt qu cu 20cm, ngi ta cn thc hin mt cng 5.10 -7J. Tnh
in th trn mt qu cu.

Chng 1: in tch in trng

http://www.truongthuthua.edu.vn

T in nng lng in trng

in dung ca t in phng: C =

S
9.10 9.4 .d

S: din tch ca 1 bn(m2)

d: khong cch 2 bn (m)

: hng s in mi
Cc t ghp ni tip:

1 1
1

... ; C<C1; C2
C C1 C2

Cc t ghp song song: C = C1 + C2 + ; C>C1; C2

1
Nng lng in trng: W CU 2
2
Bi 1. Nm t in ging ht nhau, mi t c in dung C = 50 F , c mc song song vi nhau.
in dung ca b t l bao nhiu?
Bi 2. Mt t in khi mc vo hiu in th U=20V th tch in tch q= 5.10 -6C. in dung ca
t in l bao nhiu?
Bi 3. Mt t in phng, din tch mi ct t l 20cm2, khong cch gia 2 ct t in c in
mi hng s in mi l 2, hai bn cch nhau mt khong 5mm. in dung ca t in bng bao
nhiu?
Bi 4. Ba t in c in dung C1= 12 F , C2= 6 F , C3= 4 F c mc ni tip vi nhau. in
dung tng ng ca b t l bao nhiu?
Bi 5. Nu t vo hai u t mt hiu in th 4 V th t tch c mt in lng 2 C. Nu t
vo hai u t mt hiu in th 10 V th t tch c mt in lng l bao nhiu?
Bi 6. t tch mt in lng 10 nC th t vo hai u t mt hiu in th 2V. t tch
c in lng 2,5 nC th phi t vo hai u t mt hiu in th l bao nhiu?
Bi 7.

Hai u t 20 F c hiu in th 5V th nng lng t tch c l bao nhiu?

Bi 8. Mt t in c tch in bng mt hiu in th 10 V th nng lng ca t l 10 mJ. Nu

mun nng lng ca t l 22,5 mJ th hai bn t phi c hiu in th l bao nhiu?
Bi 9. Gia hai bn t phng cch nhau 1 cm c mt hiu in th 10 V. Cng in trng
u trong lng t l bao nhiu?
Bi 10. Mt t in phng gm hai bn c dng hnh trn bn knh 3 (cm), t cch nhau 2 (cm)
trong khng kh. in dung ca t in l bao nhiu?
Bi 11. Mt t in phng gm hai bn c dng hnh trn bn knh 5 (cm), t cch nhau 2 (cm)
trong khng kh. in trng nh thng i vi khng kh l 3.105(V/m). Hu in th ln nht c
th t vo hai bn cc ca t in l bao nhiu?
Bi 12. B t in gm hai t in: C1 = 20 ( F), C2 = 30 ( F) mc ni tip vi nhau, ri mc vo
hai cc ca ngun in c hiu in th U = 60 (V). in tch ca b t in l bao nhiu?
Bi 13. Cho b ba t in nh hnh v. C1 = 10 F, C2 = 6 F v C3 = 4 F.
in dung ca b t l bao nhiu?

C2

C3
C1

Chng 1: in tch in trng

http://www.truongthuthua.edu.vn

Bi 14. Cho b ba t in nh hnh v. C1 = 10 F, C2 = 6 F v C3

= 4 F. in dung ca b t l bao nhiu?

C1

C2
C3

Bi 15. Mt t in khng kh c C=2000 pF c mc vo 2 cc ca

ngun in c ht l U=5000 V.
1) Tnh in tch ca t in
2) Nu ngi ta ngt t in ra khi ngun ri nhng n chm hn vo mt in mi lng c
hng s in mi =2. Tm in dung ca t v hiu in th ca t.
Bi 16. Mt ht bi c khi lng m=0,1mg, nm l lng trong in trng gia 2 bn kim loi
phng. Cc ng sc in c phng thng ng v chiu t di ln trn. Hiu in th gia 2
bn l 120V. Khong cch gia 2 bn l 1cm. Xc nh in tch ca ht bi. Ly g = 10m/s2.