(TI LIU C CARO renju CA TC GI CHU NHN)

Lc s Caro

Phn 1.M u C caro chnh l mn c logic lu i v c xa nht trn Tri t. C caro c sng to t nhiu nn vn minh khc nhau mt cch c lp. N bt u xut hin t nm 2000 trc CN sng Hong H, Trung Quc. Mt s nh khoa hc tm thy bng chng chng minh Caro c pht minh Hy lp c i v Chu M trc thi Colombo. Mn c c ca Trung Quc l Wutzu. C Caro du nhp t Trung Quc vo Nht Bn t khong nm 270 trc CN. N thng c gi l Gomoku nhng cng c cc tn gi khc tu theo thi gian v a phng nh Kakugo, gomokunarabe, Itsutsu-ishi... Ngi ta tm thy mt tr chi c t mt di tch Nht nm 100 sau CN v thy n l mt bin th ca Caro. N lan truyn nhanh chng vi ci tn Kakugo (tr 5 qun). Cc nh s hc ni rng vo cc th k 17 v 18, mi ngi u chi tr ny-ngi gi cng nh ngi tr. Nm 1858, khi quyn sch u tin v tr chi ny c xut bn, n c gi l Kakugo. N tip tc c chi, c gi vi nhiu tn khc nhau nh Goren, Goseki, ri Gomokunarabe, Gomoku v pht trin cho n ngy nay thnh th loi phc tp nht trong h hng ng c ca n, l Renju (chui ngc trai). Bn c th bit mi thng tin v Renju v cc bin th www.renju.nu Phn 2. Thi k khng hong ca Gomoku Khi trnh cc k th Gomoku c nng cao, h nhn ra rng nu ch chi n gin nh trong Gomoku th s l mt li th qu ln cho bn tin tc bn en (thc t chnh l u th thng). Sau mt s nh ton hc chng minh c rng nu chi vi lut Gomoku trn bn c bng hoc rng hn 15x15 th en chc chn thng (sure win), v sau cch i c th cng c tm ra, h thng v phn loi (theo ti bit th cch thng hon ton khng duy nht nh nhiu ngi ch i, m thc t c nhiu nhnh thng (win branch) cho en). cc bn hnh dung r hn ti xin c nu li lut ca Gomoku c : -Bn c 15x15 -en i trc -Ai to c nc nm (1 hng 5 qun lin nhau) th thng. -Cc nc Overline (>= 6 qun) khng c gi tr vi c hai bn v khng b coi l li (cm). T , Gomoku lm vo mt giai on khng hong. Kh nng nh thng 100 phn trm ca en lm tr chi ny mt i ngha ca n. C nhiu ci tin c xut, mt s b b qua nhanh chng, s khc lm xut hin cc bin th mi ca Gomoku. tng chung ca cc ci tin l ra mt s hn ch cho en, nhm cn bng u th i tin. Di y l mt s bin th ph bin. Gomoku. Hin nay c chi chnh thc vi bn 13x13. Khng c ho. Nu ht t th Trng thng. Cha tm c chng minh no cho thy en chc chn thng. Tuy nhin en vn c u th rt ln. Bn c th chi [url]www.itsyourturn.com. (IYT) ProGomoku. Chi trn bn 15x15. Nc u ca en t sn trung tm. Nc th ba (nc th hai ca en) phi t ngoi hnh vung cm. Hnh vung cm l hnh vung trung tm kch thc 5x5. Khng c hn ch cho Trng. c chng minh en chc chn thng trong bin th ny. Pente. Bin th ny khng cn ging Gomoku. Lut b sung l c th n qun i phng. Nc n qun c thc hin bng cch chn hai u mt nc hai qun i phng v n hai qun . Ai to c nc nm hoc n c 5 cp qun trc th thng. Rt ph bin M. Chi trn bn 19x19. Tuy nhin tr chi ny ch thc s ly li c s hp dn ca n khi pht trin thnh th loi hon thin nht c chi ngy nay - Renju. Renju cng mt hng chc nm th nghim v pht trin nhng lut mi. C th l vo nm 1899, ci tn Renju (chui ngc trai) ra i v n nm 1966 th n c hon thin khi Lin on Renju Nht Bn - Nihon Renju Sha ra i v cng b lut Renju chnh thc.

Renju cho ngi mi chi

Tc gi : Alexander Nosovsky v Andrey Sokolsky Bn dch c sa i

2002 Li ta ca Tommy Mattell, ch tch lin on Renju quc t : Renju cho ngi mi chi l quyn sch kinh in u tin dnh cho cc k th Lin X c trong mt khong thi gian di. Vi t cch l ch tch ca RIF (The Renju International Federation) ti rt vui mng c gii thiu cun sch ny cho bn c ton th gii. Jonkoping, thng ging nm 1990 Tommy Mattell Li ta ca cc tc gi : Lut chi ca Renju n gin hn nhiu so vi cc tr chi tr tu khc, v thm ch c cc chu la tui mu gio cng c th chi Caro c. Tuy nhin Renju khng h thua km bt c tr chi no khc, nh c Vua, c Tng v s phi hp, giu tnh chin thut v tng chin lc, v cui cng l nhng chin thng tuyt p v bt ng. Nhiu ngi bit n dng n gin ca Renju (gi l Caro) nh mt tr chi vui v th gin trong thi gian rnh ri ca h. Renju, bin th hin i nht ca tr chi ny, vi cc lut cm to hai nc ba, hai nc bn, pht trin v c tha nhn nh l mt mn th thao tr tu, hn l mt tr chi. Alexander Nosovsky Ph ch tch ca RIF Cu hai ln v ch gii v ch th gii qua mail Andrey Sokolsky Cu ph ch tch ca RIF

Li ta ca ngi dch :

C caro l mt mn c rt ph bin nc ta. C l him ai tng l hc sinh, sinh vin m cha tng th chi mn c gin d v cng rt th v ny. Ch cn hai cy bt v mt mnh giy caro l iu kin chi, trong trng hp khng c giy caro th c th "mn tm" t trong v mt t giy li, hoc l gp cho mt t nm ho hai. Lut chi tht l n gin v d hiu : ch cn to c mt hng nm l thng. Ngi chi "t" cc qun bng cch vit du X v du O. Cc vn u thng mang mu sc vui v v gii tr, hn l mt cuc sc. Ti cn nh c caro l mt trong nhng th him hoi m cc c b, cu b cng cm thy thch th v khng e ngi khi chi cng vi nhau. V khng ch c chi trng lp, mn c Caro cng rt thng gp trong cc sinh hot gia nh : b m chi vi con, anh ch em chi vi nhau v nhiu khi khng c l ngi ln tui hn ginh phn thng. Mc d c Caro ph bin v th v nh th nhng i vi nhiu ngi chi nc ta, n vn ch c bit n nh l mt tr chi hn l mt mn c th thao. Ti hy vng s gi c n cc bn nhng thng tin hu ch v mt Caro trng thnh Renju vi y t cht ca mt mn th thao. Renju cho ngi mi chi l mt cun sch rt b ch cho nhng bn bt u tm hiu v mn c ny mt cch nghim tc. Bn cng c th tm thy y nhiu thng tin th v khc v th loi mt hng nm qun ny. H Ni, thng tm nm 2002 Chu Nhn

Ni dung
Chng 1. M u 1.1.Lut Renju 1.2.Lch s ca Renju Chng 2.Cc thut ng v nh ngha 2.1.Trang b cn thit cho vn chi 2.2.Nhng khi nim n gin 2.3.Fork v Li Chng 3.Nguyn tc chin thut trong Renju 3.1.Cch tn cng trong tn cuc 3.2.Ngh thut ch i 3.3.Cch thc phng th 3.4.Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi Chng 4.Khai cuc trong Renju Chng 5.Phn kt

Chng 1.M u
1.1.Lut Renju Phn ny dnh cho ngi mi chi. Tuy vy ti cng mun nhng bn bit chi cng c th tm c mt s iu th v y. Ti sao tr chi ny li hp dn n th ? Trc tin, lut chi rt n gin : dng nh rt d dng to mt hng nm qun. Trang b chi khim tn (c th chi ch vi bt ch v giy) cng to nn sc li cun ca tr chi. Nhng khi bn bt u nghin cu cch chi, bn s bt gp nhng iu mi m, ngc nhin. -Khng c g n gin hn tr chi ny - mt ngi mi chi s tht ln sau khi chi c vi vn. -Khng c g phc tp hn - mt ngi snh si s ni. V anh ta cng ng khng km. Thc t, hc cch i qun trong Renju n gin hn rt nhiu so vi cc tr chi tr tu khc. Dn dn trong qu trnh nghin cu chin thut ca tr chi, ngi mi chi s t nhn thy rng Renju khng thua km bt c tr chi no v s tinh t. Nhng thay i t ngt v th trn, nhng sri nc, cch tnh ton cn thn khi tn cng v nhanh chng phn cng, v p ca n kt thc - l nhng th hp dn i vi mt k th gii.

Mt cch ngn gn, lut Renju l : 1.Hai ngi chi ln lt t qun c mu en v trng xung cc giao im ca bn c kch thc 15x15. en t qun u tin trung tm bn c. (Ch rng qun c phi c t giao im !) 2.Ngi no to c mt hng 5 qun (mt dy theo chiu ngang, dc hoc cho vi 5 qun cng mu lin nhau). 3.Mt vn chi l ho, nu hai ngi chi ng (v d khi ht t, bn c y qun). Ngi chi c quyn b mt nc i (pass). Nu c hai cng b nc i ca mnh, vn c ho. 4.en b cm to hai nc ba, hai nc bn, Overline (hng nhiu hn 5 qun). Nu en phm lut, ngu nhin hay b Trng bt buc phi phm lut, en b x thua. Lut cm ny gi l Li trong Renju. 5.Trng khng b hn ch khi chi. Overline i vi Trng bng nc nm. Nhng nh ngha chnh xc v s gii thch cc thut ng s c trnh by chng sau.

1.2.Lch s ca Renju Renju xut hin ln u di dng rt n gin, khng c li cho en v c chi trn ton th gii. Renju c rt nhiu tn. Bn c th tm thy chng Hotbot (internet) : Gomoku, Omok, WuZiQi, Connect 5, piskvorky, noughts&crosses, 5 in Line, luffatschack, Caro. Tr chi ny ln u tin c pht minh chu th sng Hong H Trung Quc. Thi gian l th k 20 trc cng nguyn, vy l n c hn 4000 nm tui. Tht l ngc nhin l c mt s di tch kho c cho thy tr chi ny c pht minh mt cch c lp Hy lp c i v chu M tin Colombo. Tt c cc im cho thy Renju l tr chi lu i v d hc nht, nhng khng n gin nh v ngoi ca n. Ct mc th hai l thi gian Renju ra i nh mt mn th thao tr tu Nht. u tin tr chi ny c mang t Trung Quc n Nht qua nhng ngi di c trong nm 270 trc CN. N c ph bin rng ri di ci tn Kakugo (nm bc-ting Nht). S k chp rng vo gia th k XVII v XVIII tt c mi ngi u thch tr chi ny, t tr nh cho n ngi gi(truyn thng ng phng vn cn ghi du trong cc nghi thc trong cuc chi ngy nay). Cun sch u tin v Renju c ph bin vo u th k 20. Tuy nhin cho n tn nhng nm u ca th k 20, tr chi ny vn cn c chi vo lc ri ri. iu cn c chng minh qua rt nhiu tn gi ca n : GOREN (1 hng 5 qun), GOSEKI(nm vin ), GOMOKUNARABE hoc n gin hn GOMOKU (nm im trong mt hng). Cui cng, ci tn hin i Renju c t v dng ch th loi c li cho en, trong khi ci tn Gomoku c dng ch th loi khng c li. Thut ng RENJU (chui ngc trai) c Tenry Kobayashi, mt nh th Nht a ra vo nm 1899. Kh m bit c iu g khin ng c mt lin tng nh vy. C th nhng hng qun en hay Trng lm ng ngh n ngc trai, hoc c th chin thng trong Renju kh nh vic ln xung bin m ngc trai. C nhiu cht th trong Renju. Bn c thch nhng ci tn khai cuc nh : hoa, hnh tinh nh , v sao xa, cy thng, nh sng chi li, i nghin, ma, trng non, hm ni, vinh quang... khng ? C mt iu r rng rng vi kh cht c bit ca ngi Nht, h quan nim nhng tr chi tr tu nh Renju l mt ngh thut hn l mt mn th thao. Ngi Nht tin rng nhng ngi chi nn to ra mt tc phm ngh thut, kt qu thng thua ch l vn th yu. V vn , quan nim ca chng ta v cc tr chi c mt cht khc bit : trong cm t mn th thao-tr chi tr tu chng ta nghing v mn th thao hn. Tuy nhin c hai cch nhn nhn u c l l ca n v k th c th nghing v bn ny hoc bn kia. Bng cch no m nh ngha v li xut hin trong Renju ? S xut hin ca Li l mt iu khng trnh khi trong qu trnh bin i t tr chi sang mn th thao.

S bt u chnh thc ca qu trnh l vo nm 1906, t chc Renju u tin Hip hi k th Tokyo c thnh lp. S kin quan trng tip theo l nm 1936, khi nhng lut Renju hin i c pht trin, Lin on Renju Nht bn bt u hot ng. Ba mi nm c th c gi l thi gian hnh thnh ca Renju Nht bn. Vy kt qu ca qu trnh ra sao ? Trc tin, h thng phn cp v trnh truyn thng ca Nht c thc hin kyu v dan. Kyu cao nht l 1st, thp nht l 12th, Dan thp nht l 1st, sho-dan, cao nht l 9th. Danh hiu cao nht l Meijin Vua c. Th hai, v quan trng l vi s xut hin ca rt nhiu k th ti nng (Dan), mt iu dn tr nn r rng l khi chi khng c lut cm cho en, Trng lun lun thua, khng ph thuc vo trnh ca k th cm Trng. Tnh trng ny l khng th trnh khi trong cc tr chi logic, bi v lun cn c mt ngi i trc. vt qua cn khng hong ny (m cc im l vo nhng nm gia th k 20), mt tng mi xut hin l t ra cc hn ch bng cc lut cm cho en. Rt nhanh chng, mi k th ng thu nh bn c t 19x19 xung 15x15. Mt c gng khc l hn ch nc th ba ca en, bt buc n phi t ngoi hnh vung trung tm 5x5. Tuy nhin lut ny khng tn ti lu. Sau cc k th tip cn vn t mt hng khc, hn ch en to Fork 3x3 (hai nc ba). Nhng cng cha phi l tt c. Cui cng, t ngh ca Rakusan Takaki (mt Meijin) nhng lut cm Fork 3x3, 4x4, v overline c s dng, nhng lut m ngy nay ta gi l Classic (kinh in). en ch cn li mt Fork (cch thng) l Fork 4x3. Mt ngi chi c kinh nghim s t cu hi rng liu nhng lut cm nh th cha ? Liu c g mi cn xut hin ? C th ni trc mt iu l trong nhng thp k sp ti s khng c nhng thay i ng k. Trong 50 nm xut v th nghim, nhng lut cm ny c hon thin v chng t mt s cn bng v c hi chin thng cho en v Trng. V mt im na : vi s xut hin ca cc lut cm, vn chi tr nn phc tp v p ln rt nhiu. Tht l bt ng khi Trng c th ginh li chin thng bng cch buc en phm li trong khi ch mt nc trc dng nh thng li ca en l khng phi bn ci. Ngy nay tht kh tng tng rng chng ta c th chi m khng c cc lut cm. Vy l sau nhng nm thng kh khn, Renju, nu c th ni nh vy, ra khi thi k th u ca n, v trng thnh v ang trong giai on p nht. Nhng k th Nht bn mt rt nhiu cng c c mt Renju nh ngy nay, v tht may mn l chng ta c tip cn khi n hon thin. Renju hin i l mt mn th thao tr. Lin on Renju Quc t c thnh lp nm 1988 ti Stokholm, Thy in. Lin on t chc hai gii v ch th gii cho Renju v Five-in-a-Row (Gomoku) : ln u Kyoto, Nht bn 1989, ln th hai Moscow, Nga 1991, ln th ba ti Arjeplog, Thy in 1993, ln th t Tallin, Estonia 1995, ln th nm Sankt-Peterburg, Nga 1997, ln th su ti Bc Kinh, Trung Quc 1999 v ln th 7 tr li Kyoto, Nht Bn 2001. Cun sch ny c vit nm 1984, nhng c mt s thay i trong n bn mi c sa cha ny. Gi y c tp ch v Renju ca RIF tp ch Renju World. Bn c th download ti [url]http://www.hot.ee/renjuworld/ Mt s sch v Gomoku v Renju bng ting Anh : 1.Five-in-a-row Tc gi : Goro Sakata v Wataru Ikawa. 1981 2.From the Opening to the Middle of the game : t khai cuc n trung cuc. Tc gi Sigeru. 1984 3.Zvon Kamney Tc gi Mikhail Kozhin v Alexander Nosovsky. 1997 C rt nhiu sch bng ting Nht, ting Nga v Thy in. V cc phn mm nh c hoc th vin lu tr. Chng trnh Black Stone cho Win 98 l chng trnh Renju ot chc V ch trong gii v ch th gii cho cc phn mm l chng trnh mnh nht hin nay. V th vin th c chng trnh Renbase-98 v c s d liu Base17000 vi 17000 vn chi t mi gii gn y. Chng trnh ny cng cho php bn to cc k ph nh trong sch ny, hoc to t bo (trn mng) ca ring bn. Gii V ch Renju cho cc phn mm c t chc gn y nht vo ma h nm 2000. Nu bn mun tm hiu hy lin lc vi ti. Chng ti hy vng rng sau khi c cun sch ny bn s cm thy th v v lin lc vi RIF : chng ti c th gip bn tm mt cu lc b Renju nc bn hoc t chc mt cu lc b mi. Trang ch ca RIF http://www.renju.nu Bn c th lin lc vi ti, Alexander Nosovsky qua mail stigma.ltd@g23.relcom.ru

Chng 2. Cc thut ng v khi nim

2.1.Trang b cn thit cho vn chi Trang thit b cn thit chi Renju trong cc gii u gm c : bn c, qun Trng, en, ng h v giy ghi bin bn. Bn c lm bng g hoc giy vi 15 ng k ngang dc. nh du ci giao im ngi ta dng cc ch (v d A,B,C...X,Y,Z,a,b,c...) hoc dng s th t ca nc i. Ngi Nht dng cc ch tng hnh v ch s. Bin bn bng s t c dng hn bin bn bng hnh v (trn nh du cc qun bng th t ca chng) bi hnh v r rng hn nhiu. Minh ha ca bn c c cho u sch. Trong hnh mt vn c ngn c chi. en phm sai lm nc th 7 v thua v phm lut X hoc Y. Bn c c 5 sao(l giao im c t m), 1 sao l sao trung tm v cn li l sao gc. Qun c thng gm 50 qun en v 50 qun Trng. Kinh nghim cho thy s lng cho hu ht cc vn chi(trong cc gii trng ti s cung cp thm qun nu thy thiu). Cc qun khng c nh s. Kch c qun v bn c c chn sao cho vn cn khong trng gia hai qun k nhau trn bn c. ng h ging nh ng h ca c Vua : gm hai ng h mi ci m thi gian s dng ca mt ngi chi. Bn no rng kim s b x thua. Bin bn vn chi gm hnh bn c, thng tin v ngi chi (h tn, xp hng, i tuyn ...), thi gian, m s gii u, m s khai cuc v kt qu vn u. Sau khi vn u kt thc cc k th v trng ti k vo bin bn. Trong khi chi, en ghi bin bn bng cch v vng trn mu en v ghi th t nc i trong cn Trng v vng trn hoc khng v g v ghi th t nc i. 2.2.Nhng khi nim n gin Ch ! S l tt hn nu bn va hc va thc hnh ngay trn bn c. Chng ta hy bt u nh ngha nhng khi nim n gin (v d nh mt b cc qun hnh thnh mt th nht nh) trong Renju. Khi chng ta cp n nhng nh ngha n gin, s l cn thit phi phn chng ra lm 2 kiu. Kiu th nht bao gm nhng nh ngha miu t s lng, cu trc hnh hc, cu trc v tr ca mt s cc qun. Kiu th hai miu t tng quan v tr gia chng v cc qun khc trn bn c. Ni chung chi c c Caro tc l bn hiu nhng nh ngha ny. Mi nhm qun u c th phn loi bng s lng qun trong nhm. Tuy nhin ch s lng thi th cha , v d nh khng phi nhm 5 qun no cng mang li thng li, m ch c nhm 5 qun xp thnh mt hng lin mi l mc ch ca en. Chng ta bt u miu t cc thut ng n gin. Ch ! Cn thit phi bit cc thut ng trong Renju chi thnh cng.

Hnh 1 Nc nm. Nm qun cng mu xp thnh mt dy lin nhau theo bt k hng no. S dng thut ng trong c Vua chng ta s gi nc ny l nc Chiu ht(nc thng) trong Renju. Trong hnh 1 l cc v d v nc nm.

Hnh 2 Ngoi ra cn ni thm rng khi ta ni nc nm th n c ngha rng hai u ca dy nm khng c qun cng mu. Nu c ngha l khng cn l nc nm na, m l nc su, by, tm hoc chn (nc mi l khng tn ti, bi

v cn to nc nm trc khi to n). Nc Overline l thut ng dng ch mt hng lin c hn nm qun cng mu. Ch ! Theo lut trong Renju, nc i to Overline l cm i vi en. V th trong hnh 1 en khng th i vo X (f3) m phi i vo a3, thng.

Hnh 3 Nc bn. Mt hng bn qun cng mu v nu i thm mt nc c th tr thnh nc nm i vi en hoc nc nm, nc overline i vi Trng. Ging nh c Vua, nc bn i khi c gi l nc Chiu v k hiu n gin bi 4. Hnh 2 cho ta mt s v d v cc nc bn, chng u c th tr thnh nc nm.

Hnh 4 Ch ! Cn phi phn bit nc bn vi cc hng 4 qun m khng th tr thnh nc nm. V d trong hnh 4, qun b2, c2, d2, e2 khng phi l nc bn. Qun en c3, d3, e3, f3 trong hnh 2 cng s khng phi l mt nc bn nu c qun trng B.

Do , 1 hng bn qun gi l nc bn nu c 4 qun lin nhau, hoc c gap (giao im trng) theo th t sau : 2 qun-gap-2 qun hoc 3 qun-gap-1 qun. Hoc kiu nh ngha th hai : Nc bn. L 1 hng 4 qun m c th tr thnh nc nm bng mt nc duy nht. Hnh 2 biu th mt s nc bn bn tri bn c. Chng c th tr thnh nc nm nu i vo A,B,C,D,E. Khi c th ni tt c cc hng 4 qun c cha ch trng l nc bn. Tuy nhin hng 4 qun lin cng c th l nc bn. Hin nhin l nu i phng khng chn nc bn ngay th anh ta s thua. Nc bn thng. L nc bn c th thnh nc nm bng cch thm qun c hai u, minh ha bn phi hnh 2. Mi nc bn thng u c hai im (f,g,h) thnh nc nm. Nc bn thng ng ngha vi thng li. Ch ! Nc bn c thng hay khng cng ph thuc vo mu qun. V d trong hnh 2 hai nc bn ngang c cng kiu nhng qun en (bn tri) ch c nc bn, trong khi qun trng (bn phi) c nc bn thng. Nc ba. L hng 3 qun v c th tr thnh nc bn thng (!) sau mt nc. Nc ba cng c gi l nc Na chiu ht v k hiu 3. V d cho hnh 3 : cc nc ba v cch thnh nc bn thng. Ch ! Bn cn phi hiu mt khi nim rt quan trng chi thnh cng, l nc ba gi (hoc nc ba hng hoc nc ba ng). N ch c th tr thnh nc bn ng, khng th tr thnh nc bn thng. Nc ba gi ch c th tr thnh nc nm nu bn c i lin hai nc. V d cho hnh 4. C th d dng nhn ra n-c ba no l gi. Hng th hai t cnh di bn c cho minh ha v cc nc ba v bn m khng bao gi tr thnh nc nm c. nh ngha theo kiu th nht : nc ba l lin hoc 2-gap-1. 1-gap-1-gap-1 hoc 2-gap-gap-1 l nc ba gi. Ging nh n-c bn n-c ba c th phn ra lm hai loi theo kiu nh ngha th hai : Nc ba. L hng 3 qun c th thnh nc bn thng bng mt nc duy nht. Nc ba thng. L hng 3 qun c th thnh nc bn thng bng hai nc. Ch c nc ba lin mi l nc ba thng. Nc ba thng minh ha hnh 3 bn tri, cn nc ba gi bn phi. i ph vi nc ba, ch c th chn n hoc to nc bn ca ring mnh bi nc na chiu ht ny c th tr thnh nc chiu ht. Nc ba gi khng phi l nc tn cng trc tip. Cc nhm 3 qun khng cng mt hng khng phi l nc tn cng. Chng thng c dng sau :

Triangular Saddle Angle Tower 2.3.Fork v Li - y bn s thy s khc bit gia Renju v Caro Nc ba v nc bn l nhng nc tn cng trc tip nhng nu ch chi cc nc ny th s khng ginh c thng li. Bn ch c th thng nu to c hai nc (hoc ba hoc bn) bng mt nc i duy nht, nc Fork (thut ng mn t c Vua, ngha l nc nh i). Fork. c to bi mt nc duy nht. Hai nc (hoc ba hoc bn) phi i qua im Fork. S lng cc e da to ra bi Fork gi l bc ca Fork.

Hnh 5 Ch ! Theo lut Renju, Fork 3x3, 4x4 v mi Fork vi bc hn 2 u l cm (Li) i vi en. S d dng hn nu bn hiu nh ngha v Fork theo kiu th hai. Hnh 5 ch ra mt s Fork : F,G,H l Fork 3x3 ; A,D,E l Fork 4x4 ; C,J l Fork 4x3 ; I l Fork 4x3x3 ; B l Fork 4x4x3. Hai Fork cui l Fork bc 3, cn li l bc 2. Bc ln nht c th c l 8 (bn hy t to mt ci). Ngoi tr Fork C v J, tt c cc Fork cn li l cm vi en. Ch ! Cn thit phi xc nh mt nc i c phi l Fork hay khng v bc ca n l bao nhiu. Hnh 6 cho ta mt s nc kh ging Fork. Nc A khng phi l Fork 3x3, bi mt e da l gi-nc ba cho. Tng t vi nc B v F. Nc E khng phi l Fork 4x3 v nhm ngang khng phi l nc bn (ch c th tr thnh overline). Cui cng, nc C khng phi l nc Fork 4x3x3 b cm, m li l Fork 4x3 thng, bi nc ba cho ch l nc ba gi, n ch c th tr thnh nc bn X, nc ny li b cm bi to Fork 4x4. Ch ! Phn nh ngha ca nc ba c ... c th tr thnh nc bn thng bng mt nc duy nht... bn phi hiu nc duy nht khng phi l mt li.

Hnh 6 Cc nc kh ging Li m li khng phi Li th gi l Li gi. Hnh 6 ngoi nc C ra, nc D cng to hai nc ba (nc cn li c sn hng 5), nhng khng li bi hai nc ba khng cng i qua im D. en khng to Fork khi i vo D.

-----------Trong phn cui ca chng ny, chng ta s tho lun v mt s cu hi v chin thut c lin quan n cc li. Vic ra cc Li (lut cm) lm mt i mt s kh nng nh thng ca en v Trng c thm mt cch nh : l bt buc en phm li. i khi nc bn thng ca Trng li l nc bn thng bi li ca en. Chng ta s lm sng t iu hnh 7.

Hnh 7 Sau khi Trng chi A (nc bn), en khng th chn vo X v s phm li to Overline. Qun Trng t vo B cng a Trng n thng li v X l li 3x3 cho en. Tng t, nc C cng l nc thng v bt buc en phi phm li 4x4 ; nc D (!) to ch mt nc ba gi cng thng bi en c hai li 3x3 X v Y. Tt c nhng cch thng tng t nh trn c gi l Victory by Foul (thng nh Li), mc d cui cng th iu kin thng cho Trng vn ch l to nc nm (hoc Overline).

Vy th bng cch no en c th phng th trc nh to li ca Trng ? Hy nh rng nhng thay i trong th trn (v d v tng quan v tr) lm cho mt s nc cm i tr thnh c th thc hin c. V en c nhiu cch thay i tng quan v tr . u tin, en c th n gin l chim gi v tr m Trng tm cch nh thng qua im . V d, nu n lt en th anh ta s chim v tr A hoc B trong hnh 7, v tiu dit s e do nh thng ca Trng. Tuy nhin phng php ny khng phi bao gi cng thc hin c. V d i vo C hoc D trong hnh 7 khng gip g cho en (Trng vn cn kh nng nh tng t pha i din). Th hai, en c th thay i dng ca Fork. V d, trong th trn gc tri pha di hnh 8 Trng e da s thng bng Li 3x3 im Z bng nc C. n lt, en ch cn i vo mt trong nhng im nh du A v Fork 3x3 tr thnh Fork 4x3. Tuy nhin cng ging nh phng php trn, phng php ny cng c khi khng thc hin c nh trong hnh 7, hnh A,C v D (bn hy t nghin cu). Th ba, c th thot khi cc li 3x3 v 4x4 bng cch chuyn chng thnh Pseudofoul (Li gi). V d, trong th trn C hnh 8, en c th i vo B bin mt n-c ba thnh nc ba gi (bi v n ch c th tr thnh Overline), v ng thi li 3x3 thnh li gi. Nc Y ca en (sau khi Trng i vo G) trong hnh 8 c ngha tng t : n khng phi l li 3x3 m l li gi bi v nc ba cho ch c th tr thnh nc bn thng bng cch i vo X m li l li 4x4.

Hnh 8

Mt trng hp c bit khi en phng th, gi l Reviving Three (lm sng li nc ba) ng c cp y. N c minh ha trong hnh 8 gc phi di. y Trng e da i vo F v to li 4x4 W cho en ; en s i vo D hoc trnh li bng cch to nc bn dc hoc ngang ngoi im W. Tuy nhin trong trng hp ny, en khng nhng ch phng th c m cn nh thng. lm c iu , en i vo D, Trng cn chn nc ba ny v ng thi im W khng cn l li 4x4 na v nhm qun dc tr thnh nc bn gi. Sau en to nc bn thng W v thng cuc. Nc ba ngang c lm sng li v ginh thng li. Cui cng l mt v d lm r nh ngha v Li. Trong hnh 8, gc phi pha trn en phi to nc ba ti Q l li 3x3. Bn c th ngh rng l li gi bi nc ba cho s b chn li bi nc bn ca Trng. Tuy nhin Q chnh l mt li 3x3, bi n to hai nc ba bng mt nc

i v hai nc ba hon ton c th tr thnh nc bn thng. Thc t rng Trng c th chn hai nc ba khng c vai tr g trong vic chnh l mt Li. Nhng v d ca Li gi c nu trong phn ny c th tng kt trong mt lut thng nht : Cch tt nht phn bit Li v Li gi rt n gin : trong trng hp Li gi Trng ch phi chn mt s e da thc s trong Fork. Cch ny c th s dng xc nh loi v bc ca Fork. By gi c th bn s cm thy lut ca Li l hi ri rm phc tp nhng sau khi bn thu c mt s kinh nghim, n s tr nn d dng. Kh nng thng bng li ca en lm cho Renju c mt v p c o, lm phong ph cc chin thut v cn bng c hi cho c hai bn : i chi li vi quyn i tin ca en, Trng c mt v kh thc s li hi Li.

Chng 3. Nguyn tc chin thut trong Renju

3.1.Cch tn cng trong tn cuc Nu n mt lc no phng php phng th v tn cng trong Renju c tm ra v tr thnh cng thc th c ngha l thut ton ca tr chi c pht hin v tr chi l hon ton gii c. Nhng thm ch ngay c khi thut ton c tn ti, tht may mn l n vn cn cha c tm ra hoc cha c kh nng tm ra trong mt tng lai gn. V th, mc d s chnh xc trong phn tch, tnh ton cc bin tu thuc vo nc i ca i th l rt quan trng, trc gic ca ngi chi khng h mt i ngha vn c ca n. Trc gic c mi k th v thu c qua s hiu bit cn k v th trn. N mnh hay yu tu thuc vo kinh nghim ca k th v cch vn dng nhng phng php tn cng v phng th c bn. Chng ta s bt u vi phng php tn cng c bn nht trong tn cuc. Bn nn ghi nh rng lut chi trong Renju l khng i xng : en v Trng c nhng cch tn cng khc nhau. en c t phng php hn(bi v nhng lut cm), v d nh cch nh thng c bn ca en l to nc 4x3. Trong khi , Trng c php chi nc 3x3. Nhng nc c th khng m bo thng li cho Trng bi en c th thng bng mt sri nhng nc bn. Do bt u, chng ta s ni v cch ginh thng li bng nc 4x3 (nc chiu ht-na chiu ht). K thut tn cng n gin nht l ginh thng li bng cch i lin tc nhng nc bn (Victory by Continuous Fours : VCF), bi i phng ch cn mt cch p tr duy nht l lin tc chn cc nc bn .

Hnh 9.1

Hnh 9.2 Hnh 9.1 l v tr khi u v en s thng theo hnh 9.2. Bn ng qun rng mi nc i s lm thay i th trn v c th to ra nhng cch i mi tip tc tn cng ( y nc i vo 1 cho en c hi to nc 4x3). Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi : mi nc i, trc tin hy tm VCF. Ch khi no bn chc chn khng c VCF th mi s dng cc phng php tn cng khc. Nu bn mun lm theo li khuyn ny mt cch nghim tc, hy bt u gii cc bi tp Renju v phn tch nhng vn chi ca nhng k th mnh.

Hnh 10.1

Hnh 10.2 Ch ! Hy ch n th t ca nhng nc i. Hnh 10 ch ra mt th m en s thng. Nu en s dng mt th t i khc, v d anh ta chi nc u 3 (k t y chng ta s vit cho gn l 1-3), th Trng 2-4, v en s b buc phi i vo 5, v sau Trng i 4-1 (hoc 4-A, hoc 4-B), Trng thng. Th t ng ca cc nc i cng quan trng khi bn s dng phng php ginh thng li bng cch i lin tc nhng nc ba (Victory by Continuous Threes :VCT). i th c th phn cng nhng nc ba ca bn khng ch bng nhng nc bn, m cn bng nhng nc ba mi to ra khi anh ta chn nc ba ca bn. Hy xem hnh 11 v 12.

Hnh 11.1

Hnh 11.2

Hnh 12.1

Hnh 12.2 Hy ch rng trong hnh 12 nu i theo mt th t khc, en s khng n c nc 4x3 m ch nhn ly mt li.

Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. Hy phn tch mt cch cn thn, chc chn rng i th s khng c c c hi phn cng. Mt phng php khc ca tn cng l Fukumi (thut ng Nht bn). Fukumi l mt nc i e do s to VCF. Bc ca Fukumi l s nc i m bn cn to nc 4x3 (hoc thm 4x4 cho Trng). Nc Fukumi c bc bng 1 gi l Fukumi n. Bit cch tn cng hiu qu bng Fukumi l bn tin mt bc di trong vic nng cao k nng ca mnh. i khi Fukumi l cch duy nht thng, v d nh hnh 13.

Hnh 13.1

Hnh 13.2 y sau nc i vo 1 en c hai kh nng thng bng VCF, mt l : 3-A, 5-B, Trng phi chn kh nng ny. Khi en s to nc ba 3, sau thng bng nc 4x3 C. Nn ch nu en to nc Fukumi u tin ti 3 (v d 1-3), Trng c th phng th (v phn cng li) bng 2-D. Tnh hung tng t s xut hin nu en chi 1-C. i khi nc Fukumi ngay lp tc dn n thng li (khng cn nhng nc trung gian m ch bng cc nc bn tip theo). iu xy ra khi hai kh nng nh thng ring r c to ra cng mt lc. Trong hnh 14 nc 1 l nc Fukumi p (ng nhm nc ny vi nc Fukumi i l nc Fukumi c bc hai). Nc 1 cng c tc dng ngn cn s phn cng.

Hnh 14

Hnh15 Fukumi c dng khng ch trong tn cuc m cn l phng n hiu qu tn cng v phng th trong trung cuc. im mu cht l sau nc Fukumi i phng lm vo th phi la chn nc i thch hp ngn cn s e da . C nhiu nc i, vic chn mt nc (thng l ch c duy nht mt nc i l khng b thua ngay) trong vn u m khng c s phn tch cn thn l iu kh khn v c th n gin l khng c thi gian cho vic phn tch. Hn na, vic chng li hai s e da thng l khng th thc hin c. iu c minh ha bng nhng phn ca hnh 16. Trong phn bn tri en chi 1 v sau 3. Trong trng hp Trng c ba cch tr li A,B hoc C v thm mt qun 2. Bng cch i vo A Trng thm ch c c quyn ch ng, to nc ba. Trong phn bn phi en i mt nc Fukumi 1. Trng b bt buc phi la chn mt cch tr li trong nm nc A,B,C,D,E v anh ta khng th nm quyn ch ng bng nc ba. Mt u im ca Fukumi trong trng hp ny l Trng khng th chn c c hai s e da bng bt k cch i no(nc bn dc v nc ba ngang).

Hnh 16-1

Hnh 16-2

Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. ng nng vi to cc nc ba v nc bn, hy ghi nh v kh nng chi Fukumi. Mt khc, cng khng nn lm dng Fukumi : i khi bn c th thng n gin bng cch to cc nc ba v bn. Ch ! Ch c th chi cc nc ba v Fukumi khi i phng khng c VCF.

3.2.Ngh thut ch i Khng ging nh nc bn, nc ba hay Fukumi, nc Pause hay Yobi (nc ch) l mt nc tng cng, lm mnh thm th ca qun mnh, khng phi l mt nc tn cng trc tip. Ch ! Ch c th chi Yobi khi i phng khng c VCF, VCT, hoc Fukumi. Chng ta s lm r nh ngha v Yobi bng v d di y. Hnh 17-1 v 17-2 minh ha hai bin cho php en tn cng t cng mt th trn ban u. Nhng c gng tn cng lm en mt i s ch ng. Hnh 17-3 ch ra mt

nc lng- Yobi 1- cho th trn ny. Trong th trn ny nc i sng sut to c hai cch nh thng ri nhau v hai pha.

Hnh17.1

Hnh17.2

Hnh 17.3 Trong hnh 18 Yobi 1 to c s cho en tn cng, mc d n cho php Trng c nhiu cch phng th. Nhng nc Yobi trong hnh 17 v 18 gi l cc nc Na Fukumi (SemiFukumi), bi n to hai kh nng nh thng bng cc nc ba.

Hnh 18 Mt loi Yobi c bit l to s cch ly, khi qun mt bn c phn b xa cc qun ca bn cn li, to u th v s lng v pha . Mt li khuyn chn v tr cho Yobi : s l hiu qu nht nu nc kt ni c hai cnh tn cng. Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. Ngh thut chi Yobi l k nng tn cng cao nht ca k th Renju. Khng c mt cch no hc chi Yobi v pht trin trc gic tm thi gian v v tr ng n chi Yobi tr mt cch duy nht chi mt cch nghim tc v phn tch mi tnh hung. Ch ! ng nng vi chi tt c cc nc bn v Fukumi m bn c, hy ngh n cch chi Yobi. 3.3.Cch thc phng th Nu i phng tn cng, bn t nhin s phi phng th. Tuy nhin phng th th ng s khng c kt qu, bn phi c gng chim ch ng bng cch to nc bn phn cng (Counter-Four) chng li s tn cng ca i

phng. V d n gin nht ca nc bn phn cng c phn tch trong hnh 10. en chi tt v loi b kh nng chi nc bn phn cng bng th t ng n khi tn cng.

Hnh 19.1

Hnh 19.2 Hnh 19-1 minh ha th trn ang n lt Trng i. Trng c th thng bng VCT trong na trn ca bn c, en c th thng bng VCF trong na di. C v nh Trng phi chn VCF ca en v quay v phng th. Tuy nhin, Trng s thng bng nc i vo 2 (hnh 19-2), vi s tr gip ca nc bn phn cng loi b VCF ca en v ng thi cho php Trng chim ch ng. Thc t l ...7-A, 9-B, 11-C, 13-D v nc 4x3 ca en khng thc hin c bi v Trng to nc bn dc, gm nc 2 v nc phng th L v G. Nu Trng chi 2-4 th 3-5, 4-6 v nc bn phn cng khng thc hin c, en s thng bng VCF. Ch rng en vi nc 5-5 cng to mt nc bn phn cng nhng khng hiu qu trong trng hp ny. Cng nn ch rng nu en chi...7-H,9-E th cng s to nn mt nc bn phn cng ca Trng (nc bn dc bn tri).

Mt v d na ca vic chun b nc bn phn cng c minh ha hnh 20.

Hnh 20.1

Hnh 20.2 Bng cc nc 1 v 3 en tiu dit cch thng bng C,D,E ca Trng bi v en to nc bn phn cng 1-3-A-B. V th en ng thi chn c Trng v chim ch ng. T chin thng ca en ch cn l vn k thut. Ch ! Khi bn chun b nc bn phn cng, hy tnh ton nc i tht cn thn : hy chc chn rng bn khng cho i phng mt c hi. C nhng cch khc phng th ngoi cch to nc bn phn cng. V d trong hnh 21 bng nc 1 en to nc bn phn cng. Trng s ho gii n khng phi bng nc chn thng, m bng cch to nc ba ti 2, lm cho nc ba ca en tr thnh nc ba gi.

Hnh 21

Hnh 22 Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. Phi c gng chim ch ng trong mi trng hp. Tuy nhin khng phi mi nc tn cng ca i phng u cho php bn phng th mt cch tch cc. i khi bn phi tm kim nhng nc hon ton mang tnh phng th v c gng tm nhng v tr c kh nng phng th mnh. Trong hnh 22 en to nc ba bng cch i vo 1. Nc ba c th b chn ti A,B,C. Nu Trng chi 2-A en thng bng VCF 3-C, 5-F. Nu Trng chi 2-B th en to Fukumi p ti E. V th nc tr li duy nht ng cho Trng l 2-C. Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. Khi phng th, hy nh rng nc i tt nht ca i phng cng l nc i tt nht ca bn, v d nh c gng chim nhng v tr mnh ni m nhng ng tn cng ca i phng s giao nhau. Hy tm ra nhng nc mnh nht m i phng c th i. Tuy nhin s c gng phng th ti nhng v tr mnh khi i phng tn cng thng khng c hiu qu. Bn phi tm cch phng th t khi i phng ch ang chun b tn cng.

Hnh 23

Hnh 24 Trong hnh 23, en chuyn sang phng ng v c th chi A hoc B. C hai nc u c th chn c ng tn cng ca Trng nhng chng qu th ng. Nc i vo C s cho en mt vin cnh tt nht. Mc d nc C khng trc tip chn nc hai cho ca Trng, n ngn s pht trin ca Trng bn cnh tri, ni m Trng s tip tc tn cng. Cng lc , nc ny tng cng th trn cho en bn cnh tri, cho en kh nng tn cng trong tng lai. Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. Trong mt th trn cn bng nc tt nht l nc mang tnh va tn cng va phng th. Mt phng php chi khc trong trung cuc l bao vy qun i phng. Trong mt vn chi thc s c minh ha trong hnh 24 en c mt th trn tt hn bi anh ta thnh cng trong vic bao vy qun Trng. en gi c khng gian nn c th pht trin bng nhiu cch bng cc nc ba. iu th hin tng ho gii, lm mt tc dng qun i phng ca en. Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. Khi trong th trn phng ng, hy c gng bao vy qun i phng, chia ct chng bng qun ca bn, hoc dn d chng n cnh bn c. Hu ht nhng phng php trn u c th dng trong tn cng hoc phng th tu thuc vo tnh hung c th. Tuy nhin cn c mt phng php phng th thun tu- To Li (Net) .

Hnh 25 Trong hnh 25 Trng bt u to Net bng cc nc 2,4,6 v n s hon thnh bng cc nc t A-J. Net l mt phng php phng th kh tt, nhng ch khi no n c hon thnh th mi c hiu qu. Trng ch mt hai nc c li th trn linh hot. V d, nc J (qun Trng 6,A,B,4) to bn nc hai ln thnh nc ba. V th, nu en khng mun b mc trong li ca Trng, anh ta phi c cch ring-ph v li ca Trng bng cch chi qun en vo mt mt li. Trong th trn trn nc tt nht ca en l 7-E. Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. Mc d Net (hoc mt phn ca n) l phng php kh n gin v hiu qu phng th, khng nn lm dng n : i phng s d dng c c nh ca bn v ph v li trong khi bn khng c mt nc tt no phn cng. kt thc phn ny, chng ta hy ni v mt phng php phng th ca Trng vi s tr gip ca Li ( c gii thiu trong phn 2.3). Trng c th thot khi nhng ng tn cng khng th c theo cch thng thng ca en bng cch to Li im giao ca nc 4x3. V d hnh 26 en c mt nc 4x3 A. To nc bn 2, Trng s thot khi s e da (nc ba ngang ca en tr thnh mt overline), sau anh ta s bt u tn cng bng nc 4 v cng chn c nc ba cho ca en. Trong hnh 27 Trng biu din ba phng php phng th : chun b nc bn phn cng bng nc 4 v 6, s dng hiu qu cnh bn bng nc 2 v Li 4x4. Kt qu l Trng c chin thng bi nc 4x3 A. Bn hy t phn tch th trn ny nh l mt bi tp.

Hnh 26.1

Hnh 26.2

Hnh 27.1

Hnh 27.2 Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi.

ng bao gi b qua cc Li, d bn chi qun mu g chng na. Li, y chnh l Renju !

3.4.Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi Nghin cu lut Renju, thm ch ngay c khi bn ngh rng bn hiu chng. Hy thn trng khi nghin cu nh ngha ca Li, nc ba, nc bn. C gng gii thch lut chi cho mt ngi khc. Gii cc bi tp. Nghin cu cc vn chi ca cc k th hng u mt cch nghim tc. Hc cc khai cuc. C gng tm nhng bin ca ring bn, c th n s th v hn c l thuyt. Chi thng xuyn. Ghi chp nhng vn chi ca bn v ng lp li nhng sai lm. Chi thng xuyn vi nhng k th ngang sc, v i khi vi nhng ngi mnh hn. N s lm bn mnh thm v bn s khng cm thy chn. Hy phn tch tng nc i. Ghi nh rng mi nc i u phi c mc ch. Chi vi ton b kh nng ca bn, hy thng thc mi vn chi. S dng nhng phn mm tt nht. Chng s gip bn v phn tch th trn, v c s d liu v cc l thuyt. Nu bn sn sng chi trong mt gii no , hy tm mt cu lc b Renju v tham gia.

Chng 4. Khai cuc trong Renju.

Khai cuc trong Renju l c ngha quyt nh v quan trng hn rt nhiu nu so snh vi khai cuc trong cc loi c khc, v d nh c Vua. Mt sai lm trong t 5-11 nc i u tin thng l khng th cu vn c. Li khuyn cho ngi mi chi. C gng hc tt c cc bin t nht l n nc th 10. Chi xen k cc khai cuc khc nhau mt cch thng xuyn. Hai mi t khai cuc trong Renju c gi l c bn. Chng c phn loi bi nc th 2 v th 3. Nc th 2 (nc ca Trng) c t k vi nc u tin (sao trung tm). V th phn ra lm hai loi khai cc l Direct (trc tip) hay Indirect (gin tip), vit tt l D v I. Nc th 3 (nc ca en) c t trong mt hnh vung trung tm kch thc 5x5, tc l c khong cch ti sao trung tm khng xa hn 2 giao im . Khai cuc th 13 (trong hnh l nc th ba-V) l khng c bn. S cch chi nc th hai chnh bng s khai cuc Direct v Indirect. Tt c cc khai cuc c bn u c tn ring (t dng, phn ln k th u ch gi n gin 4d ch t gi l hoa). Trong 22 khai cuc di y (2d,2i v 6d,6i l ging nhau), khng bin no c phn tch. iu nm ngoi phm vi ca cun sch ny. S hiu qu hn nu s dng Renju Opening Classificator (ROC : Phn loi khai cuc). Nhng hnh di y c ly theo ROC, c th load ROC t website ca RIF : http://www.lemes.se/renju/roc/renbase.htm Cc khai cuc l khc nhau v u th i vi en. Nhng khai cuc mnh nht c nh ba sao (***), yu hn l hai sao (**), v mt sao (*). Nhng phn tch chi tit bn c th tm trong cc cun sch Zvon Kamney (tn Nga) hoc Click of Stone (quyn sch kinh in nht v Renju, tuy c mt s phn hi c). Do , cn bng kh nng ginh thng li cho cc k th trong gii thi u, ngi ta dng nhiu quy tc cho khai cuc v cho vn chi : 1.Cho ngi mi chi c trnh t 5-8 Kyu : a)Thi gian mt gi cho mi ngi ; b)Khng hn ch v la chn khai cuc ; 2.iu l ca cc gii chnh thc (lut ca RIF) ginh cho cc k th c trnh cp Dan : a)Ngi chi bt u vi bn en v bn Trng quy c ; b)Bn Trng quy -c i nc th hai, chn khai cuc Direct hoc Indirect ; c)Bn en quy -c i nc th ba, chn mt khai cuc c bn ; d)Bn Trng quy -c c quyn chn mu qun (s la chn ca Trng) ; e)Bn Trng i nc th t ; f)Bn en i hai nc th nm khng i xng (s xut ca en) ; g)Bn Trng chn mt nc nm ca en v i nc th su ;

Sau vn u tin hnh theo lut thng thng.

Sau y l cc khai cuc c bn :

Hnh 28.1 : Khai cuc Direct

Hnh 28.2 : Khai cuc Indirect -------K hiu----Tn------------Sc mnh----Ngha A-------1d-------Cold Star----------***-------Sao lnh B-------1i-------Asteroid--------------*-------Hnh tinh nh C-------2i-------Canyon--------------**-------Hm ni ---------2d-------Valley---------------**-------Thung lng D-------3d-------Faraway Star-------*-------V sao xa E-------3i-------Constant-----------***-------Vng chc F-------4d-------Flower------------***-------Hoa G-------4i-------Water--------------***-------Nc H-------5d-------Remaider--------**-------Phn cn li I---------5i-------Meteor-------------*-------Sao chi J-------6d-------Rain----------------**-------Ma ---------6i-------Cloud--------------**-------My

K-------7d-------Gold Star---------***-------Sao vng L-------7i-------Bay-----------------***-------Vnh M-------8d-------Pine-----------------*-------Cy thng N-------8i-------Storm---------------**-------Bo O-------9i-------Silver Moon-------**-------Trng bc P-------10d-------New moon-------**-------Trng non Q-------10i-------Radiance---------**-------nh sng chi li R-------11d-------Lucky Star-------***-------Ngi sao may mn S-------11i-------Slanting hill-------**-------i nghing

Chng 5. Phn kt
Chng ta nhn mnh mt ln na rng Renju l th loi ng u trong cc tr chi i chng tng t. Di y l mt s nhng tr chi tng t c nhiu ngi bit n. Five-in-a-row (1 hng nm qun). Chi trn mt bn c khng c gii hn lm bng cch ni cc t giy caro (ni thm nu cn thit), thay v cc qun en v trng ngi ta dng cc du X v O. Nga tr chi ny rt ph bin trong gii sinh vin. Gomoku. Ging Five-in-a-row nhng bn c nh hn : 15x15. Overline khng c gi tr cho c hai bn. Gomoku rt ph bin trn th gii. Gii v ch th gii cho cc phn mm s dng lut c bn. Vo nm 1981-1982 trong h thng gii V ch Renju th gii ln th nht qua mail, mt gii Gomoku c t chc vi cc thnh vin t Bulgari, an Mch, Canada, Lin bang Nga, M, Thy in v Nht. Ngi chin thng cui cng l Yoninori Otsuka (Nht). Gomoku vi hnh vung cm. Ging nh Gomoku nhng nc th ba ca en phi chi bn ngoi hnh vung trung tm kch thc 5x5. Th loi ny c to ra vo nhng nm 1920 ti Nht. Hin nay n kh ph bin Nga v Thy in. Trong h thng gii V ch Renju th gii qua mail ln th hai, mt gii vi th loi ny c t chc vi cc thnh vin t Bulgari, Lin bang Nga, Sc v Slovakia, Thy in v Nht. Nga n cng c gi l Free Rendzue. Gomoku vi qun trung tm i mu. Ging Gomoku vi bn 15x15 nhng qun trung tm mu en nu n lt en i v mu Trng nu n lt Trng i. Six-in-a-row (1 hng 6 qun). Th loi ny cha c ph bin. Gomoku ba chiu.Th loi ny chi trong khng gian vi lut ging nh Gomoku. Th loi ny cn t c chi. Gomokunarabe. Chi trn bn 15x15. Cm to Fork 3x3 i vi c hai bn. Gii hn s qun en l 35. Nu en khng thng vi s qun , en b x thua. Th loi ny rt ph bin Nht. Th loi Renju c. Chi trn bn 19x19. Ch cm to Fork 3x3. Th loi ny c dng cc gii chnh thc trc khi pht trin thnh Renju nh ngy nay. Nhng ngi thch chi th loi ny vn cn Nht, thnh lp t chc cho th loi ny : Zenihhon Renju Renmai. ng Morita l Meijin Nht nm 1994-1995 v ng s vn l Meijin v t chc ny gii tn.

Pente. Chi trn bn 19x19. Ngi no to c nc nm hoc n c 5 cp qun ca i phng ginh thng li. Nc n qun c l bt ngun t Go (c Vy), thc hin bng cch chn hai u mt nc hai ca i phng v ly i hai qun . Th loi ny rt ph bin M ni m mt overline c gi tr nh mt nc nm v nc th ba phi chi ngoi hnh vung trung tm 5x5. Tht ra th loi Pente M l mt n gin ho ca th loi Ninuki-renju c chi t nm nhng nm 1900-1940 Nht. Vy l bn c xong cun sch ny. Nu bn thy thch Renju bn s c nhiu cu hi. Mt s c tr li trong cun sch ny v mt s s c cc k th c kinh nghim tr li bn-bn s lun tm thy nhng k th nh th ti

mt cu lc b Renju gn nht. ( Vit Nam hin nay cha c, nhng ti hy vng trong mt tng lai khng qu xa Renju s c cc bn tr Vit Nam tm hiu v a thch -- Larra ) Chc bn thnh cng