Su tm : Tng Duy Khoa

Nickhocmai :balep

Vic su tm khng th khng thiu st

Mong cc bn c gi thc mc, gp hoc chuyn qua email
duykhoatang@gmail.com
bi vit thm phong ph hn.

Trang

I.CC BI TON V : PHP NHN TRN MN HNH

Bi 1:
Tnh chnh xc tng S = 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + 4.4! + ... + 16.16!.
Gii:
V n . n! = (n + 1 1).n! = (n + 1)! n! nn:
S = 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + 4.4! + ... + 16.16! = (2! 1!) + (3! 2!) + ... + (17! 16!)
S = 17! 1!.
Khng th tnh 17 bng my tnh v 17! L mt s c nhiu hn 10 ch s (trn mn
hnh). Nn ta tnh theo cch sau:
Ta biu din S di dng : a.10n + b vi a, b ph hp khi thc hin php tnh,
my khng b trn, cho kt qu chnh xc.
Ta c : 17! = 13! . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 = 6227020800 . 57120
Li c: 13! = 6227020800 = 6227 . 106 + 208 . 102 nn
S = (6227 . 106 + 208 . 102) . 5712 . 10 1
= 35568624 . 107 + 1188096 . 103 1 = 355687428096000 1
= 355687428095999.
Bi 2:
Tnh kt qu ng ca cc tch sau:
a) M = 2222255555 . 2222266666.
b) N = 20032003 . 20042004.
Gii:
a) t A = 22222, B = 55555, C = 666666.
Ta c M = (A.105 + B)(A.105 + C) = A2.10 10 + AB.105 + AC.105 + BC
Tnh trn my:
A2 = 493817284 ; AB = 1234543210 ; AC = 1481451852 ; BC = 3703629630
Tnh trn giy:
2
A .1010 4 9 3 8 1 7 2 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AB.105
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
AC.105
1 4 8 1 4 5 1 8 5 2 0 0 0 0 0
BC
3 7 0 3 6 2 9 6 3 0
M
4 9 3 8 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 0 9 8 2 9 6 3 0
b) t X = 2003, Y = 2004. Ta c:
N = (X.104 + X) (Y.104 + Y) = XY.10 8 + 2XY.104 + XY
Tnh XY, 2XY trn my, ri tnh N trn giy nh cu a)
Kt qu:
M = 4938444443209829630.
N = 401481484254012.
Bi tp tng t:
Tnh chnh xc cc php tnh sau:
a) A = 20!.
b) B = 5555566666 . 6666677777
c) C = 20072007 . 20082008
d) 10384713
e) 201220032
II. TM S D CA PHP CHIA S NGUYN
a) Khi cho s b hn 10 ch s:
S b chia = s chia . thng + s d (a = bq + r) (0 < r < b)
Trang

Suy ra r = a b . q
V d : Tm s d trong cc php chia sau:
1) 9124565217 cho 123456
2) 987896854 cho 698521
b) Khi cho s ln hn 10 ch s:
Phng php:
Tm s d ca A khi chia cho B ( A l s c nhiu hn 10 ch s)
- Ct ra thnh 2 nhm , nhm u c chn ch s (k t bn tri). Tm s d phn
u khi chia cho B.
- Vit lin tip sau s d phn cn li (ti a 9 ch s) ri tm s d ln hai.
Nu cn na tnh lin tip nh vy.
V d: Tm s d ca php chia 2345678901234 cho 4567.
Ta tm s d ca php chia 234567890 cho 4567: c kt qu s d l : 2203
Tm tip s d ca php chia 22031234 cho 4567.
Kt qu s d cui cng l 26.
Bi tp: Tm s d ca cc php chia:
a) 983637955 cho 9604325
b) 903566896235 cho 37869.
c) 1234567890987654321 : 123456
c) Dng kin thc v ng d tm s d.
* Php ng d:
+ nh ngha: Nu hai s nguyn a v b chia cho c (c khc 0) c cng s d ta ni a
ng d vi b theo modun c k hiu a b(mod c)
+ Mt s tnh cht: Vi mi a, b, c thuc Z+
a a (mod m)
a b(mod m) b a (mod m)
a b(mod m); b c(mod m) a c(mod m)
a b(mod m); c d (mod m) a c b d (mod m)
a b(mod m); c d (mod m) ac bd (mod m)
a b(mod m) a n b n (mod m)

V d 1: Tm s d ca php chia 126 cho 19

Gii:
12 2 144 11(mod19)

12 6 122

113 1(mod19)

Vy s d ca php chia 12 6 cho 19 l 1

V d 2: Tm s d ca php chia 2004 376 cho 1975
Gii:
Bit 376 = 62 . 6 + 4
Ta c:
20042 841(mod1975)
20044 8412 231(mod1975)
200412 2313 416(mod1975)
200448 4164 536(mod1975)

Vy

Trang

200460 416.536 1776(mod1975)

200462 1776.841 516(mod1975)
200462.3 5133 1171(mod1975)
200462.6 11712 591(mod1975)
200462.6 4 591.231 246(mod1975)

Kt qu: S d ca php chia 2004376 cho 1975 l 246

Bi tp thc hnh:
Tm s d ca php chia :
a) 138 cho 27
b) 2514 cho 65
c) 197838 cho 3878.
d) 20059 cho 2007
e) 715 cho 2001
III. TM CH S HNG N V, HNG CHC, HNG TRM... CA
MT LU THA:
Bi 1: Tm ch s hng n v ca s 17 2002
Gii:
17 2 9(mod10)
1000

17
2

17 2000 91000 (mod10)

92 1(mod10)
91000 1(mod10)
17 2000 1(mod10)
Vy 17 2000.17 2 1.9(mod10) . Ch s tn cng ca 172002 l 9

Bi 2: Tm ch s hng chc, hng trm ca s 232005.

Gii
+ Tm ch s hng chc ca s 23 2005
231 23(mod100)
232 29(mod100)
233 67(mod100)
234 41(mod100)

Do :

2320 234

415 01(mod100)

232000 01100 01(mod100)

232005 231.234.232000 23.41.01 43(mod100)

Vy ch s hng chc ca s 232005 l 4 (hai ch s tn cng ca s 232005 l 43)

+ Tm ch s hng trm ca s 23 2005
231 023(mod1000)
234 841(mod1000)
235 343(mod1000)
2320 3434 201(mod1000)
232000 201100 (mod1000)
Trang

2015 001(mod1000)
201100 001(mod1000)
232000 001(mod1000)
232005 231.234.232000 023.841.001 343(mod1000)

Vy ch s hng trm ca s 232005 l s 3 (ba ch s tn cng ca s 23 2005 l s

343)
III. TM BCNN, UCLN
My tnh ci sn chng trnh rt gn phn s thnh phn s ti gin

A a

B b

T p dng chng trnh ny tm UCLN, BCNN nh sau:

+ UCLN (A; B) = A : a
+ BCNN (A; B) = A . b
V d 1: Tm UCLN v BCNN ca 2419580247 v 3802197531
HD: Ghi vo mn hnh :

2419580247
7
v n =, mn hnh hin
3802197531
11

UCLN: 2419580247 : 7 = 345654321

BCNN: 2419580247 . 11 = 2.661538272 . 1010 (trn mn hnh)
Cch tnh ng: a con tr ln dng biu thc xo s 2 ch cn 419580247 . 11
Kt qu : BCNN: 4615382717 + 2.109 . 11 = 26615382717
V d 2: Tm UCLN ca 40096920 ; 9474372 v 51135438
Gii: n 9474372 40096920 = ta c : 6987 29570.
UCLN ca 9474372 v 40096920 l 9474372 : 6987 = 1356.
Ta bit UCLN(a; b; c) = UCLN(UCLN(a ; b); c)
Do ch cn tm UCLN(1356 ; 51135438).
Thc hin nh trn ta tm c:
UCLN ca 40096920 ; 9474372 v 51135438 l : 678
Bi tp:
Cho 3 s 1939938; 68102034; 510510.
a) Hy tm UCLN ca 1939938; 68102034.
b) Hy tm BCNN ca 68102034; 510510.
c) Gi B l BCNN ca 1939938 v 68102034. Tnh gi tr ng ca B2.
IV.PHN S TUN HON.
V d 1: Phn s no sinh ra s thp phn tun hon sau:
a) 0,(123)
b) 7,(37)
c) 5,34(12)
Gii:
Ghi nh:

1
1
1
0, (1); 0,(01);
0, (001) ...
9
99
999

a) Cch 1:
Ta c 0,(123) = 0,(001).123 =

1
123 41
.123

999
999 333

Cch 2:
t a = 0,(123)
Ta c 1000a = 123,(123) . Suy ra 999a = 123. Vy a =

123 41

999 333
Trang

Cc cu b,c (t gii)
V d 2: Phn s no sinh ra s thp phn tun hon 3,15(321)
Gii: t 3,15(321) = a.
Hay 100.000 a = 315321,(321) (1)
100 a = 315,(321) (2)
Ly (1) tr (2) v theo v, ta c 999000a = 315006
315006 52501

999000 16650
2
2
2
Bi 3: Tnh A

0,19981998... 0, 019981998... 0, 0019981998...

Vy a

Gii
t 0,0019981998... = a.
Ta c:
1
1
1
A 2.

100 a 10a a
2.111
A
100a

Trong khi : 100a = 0,19981998... = 0,(0001) . 1998 =

Vy A =

1998
9999

2.111.9999
1111
1998

V. TNH S L THP PHN TH N SAU DU PHY.

V d 1:
Tm ch s l thp phn th 105 ca php chia 17 : 13
Gii:
Bc 1:
+ Thc hin php chia 17 : 13 = 1.307692308 (thc cht my thc hin php tnh
ri lm trn v hin th kt qu trn mn hnh)
Ta ly 7 ch s u tin hng thp phn l: 3076923
+ Ly 1,3076923 . 13 = 16,9999999
17 - 16,9999999 = 0,0000001
Vy 17 = 1,3076923 . 13 + 0.0000001
(ti sao khng ghi c s 08)??? Khng ly ch s thp cui cng v my c th
lm trn. Khng ly s khng v
17 = 1,30769230 . 13 + 0,0000001= 1,30769230 . 13 + 0,0000001
Bc 2:
+ ly 1 : 13 = 0,07692307692
11 ch s hng thp phn tip theo l: 07692307692
Vy ta tm c 18 ch s u tin hng thp phn sau du phy l:
307692307692307692
Vy 17 : 13 = 1,(307692) Chu k gm 6 ch s.
Ta c 105 = 6.17 + 3 (105 3(mod 6) )
Vy ch s thp phn th 105 sau du phy l ch s th ba ca chu k. chnh
l s 7
V d 2:
Tm ch s thp phn th 132007 sau du phy trong php chia 250000 cho 19
Gii:
Trang

Ta c

250000
17
2007
sau du
13157 . Vy ch cn tm ch s thp phn th 13
19
19

phy trong php chia 17 : 19

Bc 1:
n 17 : 19 = 0,8947368421.
Ta c 9 ch s u tin sau du phy l 894736842
+ Ly 17 0, 894736842 * 19 = 2 . 10 -9
Bc 2:
Ly 2 : 19 = 0,1052631579.
Chn s hng thp phn tip theo l: 105263157
+ Ly 2 0,105263157 * 19 = 1,7 . 10 -8 = 17 . 10-9
Bc 3:
Ly 17 : 19 = 0,8947368421.
Chn s hng thp phn tip theo l
+ Ly 17 0,0894736842 * 19 = 2 . 10 -9
Bc 4:
Ly 2 : 19 = 0,1052631579.
Chn s hng thp phn tip theo l: 105263157
...
Vy 17 : 19 = 0, 894736842105263157894736842105263157 ...
= 0,(894736842105263157) . Chu k gm 18 ch s.
Ta c 133 1(mod18) 132007 133

669

1669 (mod18)

Kt qu s d l 1, suy ra s cn tm l s ng v tr u tin trong chu k gm

18 ch s thp phn.
Kt qu : s 8
Bi tp:
Tm ch s thp phn th 2007 sau du phy khi chia:
a) 1 chia cho 49
b) 10 chia cho 23
VI. CC BI TON V A THC
Mt s kin thc cn nh:
1. nh l Bezout
S d trong php chia f(x) cho nh thc x a chnh l f(a)
H qu: Nu a l nghim ca f(x) th f(x) chia ht cho x a
2. S Hor n
Ta c th dng s Hor n thm kt qu ca php chia a thc f(x) cho nh
thc x a.
V d:
Thc hin php chia (x3 5x2 + 8x 4) cho x 2 bng cch dng s Hor n.
Bc 1: t cc h s ca a thc b chia theo th t vo cc ct ca dng trn.
1

-5

-4

a=2
Bc 2: Trong 4 ct trng dng di, ba ct u cho ta cc h s ca a
thc thng, ct cui cng cho ta s d.
- S th nht ca dng di = s tng ng dng trn
Trang

K t ct th hai, mi s dng di c xc nh bng cch ly a nhn vi

s cng dng lin trc ri cng vi s cng ct dng trn
1

-5

-4

a=2 1
2
-3
0
2
Vy (x 5x + 8x 4) = (x 2)(x 3x + 2) + 0
* Nu a thc b chia l a0x3 + a1x2 + a2x + a3 , a thc chia l x a, ta c
thng l b0x2 + b1x + b2 d l r. Theo s Hor n ta c:
3

a0
a

b0

a1
b1

a2
b2

a0
ab 0 + a1
ab1 + a2
Bi 1: Tm s d trong cc php chia sau:
a) x3 9x2 35x + 7 cho x 12.
b) x3 3,256 x + 7,321 cho x 1,1617.
c) Tnh a x4 + 7x3 + 2x2 + 13x + a chia ht cho x + 6
d)

a3
r
ab2 + a3

x 5 6, 723 x 3 1,857 x 2 6, 458 x 4,319

x 2,318

e) Cho P(x) = 3x3 + 17x 625

+ Tnh P(2 2 )
+ Tnh a P(x) + a2 chia ht cho x + 3
Bi 2 :
Cho P(x) = x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + f .
Bit P(1) = 1 , P(2) = 4 , P(3) = 9 , P(4) = 16 , P(5) = 15 . Tnh P(6) , P(7) , P(8) ,
P(9)
Gii:
Ta c P(1) = 1 = 12; P(2) = 4 = 22 ; P(3) = 9 = 32 ; P(4) = 16 = 42 ; P(5) = 25 = 52
Xt a thc Q(x) = P(x) x2.
D thy Q(1) = Q(2) = Q(3) = Q(4) = Q(5) = 0.
Suy ra 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 l nghim ca a thc Q(x).
V h s ca x5 bng 1 nn Q(x) c dng:
Q(x) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4)(x 5).
Vy ta c Q(6) = (6 1)(6 2)(6 3)(6 4)(6 5) = P(6) - 62
Hay P(6) = 5! + 6 2 = 156.
Q(7) = (7 1)(7 2)(7 3)(7 4)(7 5) = P(7) 72
Hay P(7) = 6! + 7 2 = 769
Bi 3:
Cho Q(x) = x4 + mx3 + nx2 + px + q . Bit Q(1) = 5 , Q(2) = 7 , Q(3) = 9 ,
Q(4) = 11 .
Tnh cc gi tr ca Q(10) , Q(11) , Q(12) , Q(13)
Hng dn
Q(1) = 5 = 2.1 + 3; Q(2) = 7 = 2.2 + 3; Q(3) = 9 = 2.3 + 3 ; Q(4) = 11 = 2.4 + 3
Xt a thc Q1(x) = Q(x) (2x + 3)
Bi 4 : Cho P(x) = x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e .
Bit P(1) = 3 , P(2) = 9 , P(3) = 19 , P(4) = 33 , P(5) = 51 . Tnh P(6) , P(7) , P(8) ,
P(9) , P(10) , P(11) .
Bi 5:
Trang

Cho P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. C P(1) = 0,5 ; P(2) = 2 ; P(3) = 4,5 ;

P(4) = 8. Tnh P(2002), P(2003)
Bi 6:
Cho P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. Bit P(1) = 5; P(2) = 14; P(3) = 29; P(4) = 50.
Hy tnh P(5) , P(6) , P(7) , P(8)
Bi 7:
Cho P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. Bit P(1) = 0; P(2) = 4 ; P(3) = 18 ; P(4) = 48.
Tnh P(2007)
Bi 8 : Cho P(x) = x5 + 2x4 3x3 + 4x2 5x + m .
a) Tm s d trong php chia P(x) cho x 2,5 khi m = 2003 .
b) Tm gi tr ca m P(x) chia ht cho x 2,5
c) P(x) c nghim x = 2 . Tm m .
Bi 9: Cho P(x) =

2 4
x 2x3 5x 7 .
3

a) Tm biu thc thng Q(x) khi chia P(x) cho x 5.

b) Tm s d ca php chia P(x) cho x 5 chnh xc n 3 ch s thp phn.
Bi 10:
Tm s d trong php chia a thc x5 7,834x3 + 7,581x2 4,568x + 3,194 cho
x 2,652. Tm h s ca x2 trong thc thng ca php chia trn.
Bi 11:
Khi chia a thc 2x4 + 8x3 7x2 + 8x 12 cho x 2 ta c thng l a thc Q(x)
c bc l 3. Hy tm h s ca x2 trong Q(x)
Bi 12:
Cho a thc P(x) = 6x3 7x2 16x + m .
a) Tm m P(x) chia ht cho 2x + 3
b) Vi m tm c cu a ) , hy tm s d r khi chia P(x) cho 3x 2 v phn tch
P(x) thnh tch ca cc tha s bc nht
c) Tm m v n Q(x) = 2x3 5x2 13x + n v P(x) cng chia ht cho x 2 .
d) Vi n tm c trn , hy phn tch Q(x) ra tch ca cc tha s bc nht.
Bi 13:
Cho P(x) = x4 + 5x3 4x2 + 3x + m v Q(x) = x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x + n .
a) Tm cc gi tr ca m v n P(x) v Q(x) cng chia ht cho x 2 .
b) Vi gi tr ca m v n tm c , chng t rng R(x) = P(x) Q(x) ch c mt
nghim duy nht
Bi 14 :
1
3
2
Tnh gi tr ng v gn ng ca f .
3

Cho f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c . Bit : f =

7
3
89
1
1
; f = ; f =
.
108
5
500
2
5

Bi 15:
Xc nh cc h s a, b, c ca a thc:
P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx 2007 sao cho P(x) chia cho (x 13) c s d l 1, chia
cho (x 3) c s d l l 2, v chia cho (x 14) c s d l 3
(Kt qu ly vi hai ch s hng thp phn)
Bi 16:
Xc nh cc h s a, b, c, d v tnh gi tr ca a thc
Q(x) = x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx 2007 ti cc gi tr ca x = 1,15; 1,25; 1,35; 1,45
Trang

VII. MT S BI TON V DY S
Bi 1:
Cho dy s a1 = 3; an + 1 =

an3 an
1 an3

a) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh an + 1

b) Tnh an vi n = 2, 3, 4, ..., 10
Bi 2:
Cho dy s x1 =

x3 1
1
; xn1 n .
2
3

a) Hy lp quy trnh bm phm tnh xn + 1

b) Tnh x30 ; x31 ; x32
Bi 3: Cho dy s xn1

4 xn
(n 1)
1 xn

a) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh xn + 1 vi x1 = 1 v tnh x100.

b) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh xn + 1 vi x1 = -2 v tnh x100.
Bi 4: Cho dy s xn1

4 xn2 5
(n 1)
1 xn2

a) Cho x1 = 0,25. Vit quy trnh n phm lin tc tnh cc gi tr ca xn + 1

b) Tnh x100
n

Bi 5: Cho dy s U n

5 7 5 7

vi n = 0; 1; 2; 3; ...

2 7

a) Tnh 5 s hng u tin U0, U1, U2, U3, U4

b) Chng minh rng Un + 2 = 10Un + 1 18Un .
c) Lp quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un + 2 theo Un + 1 v Un.
HD gii:
a) Thay n = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4 vo cng thc ta c
U0 = 0, U1 = 1, U2 = 10, U3 = 82, U4 = 640
b) Chng minh: Gi s Un + 2 = aUn + 1 + bUn + c. Thay n = 0; 1; 2 v cng thc ta
c h phng trnh:
U 2 aU1 bU 0 c
a c 10

U 3 aU 2 bU1 c 10 a b c 82
U aU bU c
82 a 10b c 640

3
2
4

Gii h ny ta c a = 10, b = -18, c = 0

c) Quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un + 2 trn my Casio 570MS , Casio 570ES
a U1 vo A, tnh U2 ri a U2 vo B
1 SHIFT STO A x 10 18 x 0 SHIFT STO B,
lp li dy phm sau tnh lin tip Un + 2 vi n = 2, 3, ...
x 10 18 ALPHA A SHFT STO A (c U3)
x 10 18 ALPHA B SHFT STO B (c U4)
n

3 5 3 5
Bi 6: Cho dy s U n

2 vi n = 1; 2; 3; ...
2 2

a) Tnh 5 s hng u tin U1, U2, U3, U4 , U5

b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh Un + 1 theo Un v Un 1.
Trang

10

c) Lp quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un + 1 trn my Casio

Bi 7:
Cho dy s vi s hng tng qut c cho bi cng thc
Un

(13 3 ) n (13 3 ) n

vi n = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . k , . . .

2 3
a) Tnh U 1 ,U 2 ,U 3 , U 4 ,U 5 , U 6 , U 7 ,U 8

b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh U n1 theo U n v U n1

c) Lp quy trnh n phm lin tc tnh U n 1 theo U n v U n 1
Bi 8:
Cho dy s U n c to thnh theo quy tc sau: Mi s sau bng tch ca hai s
trc cng vi 1, bt u t U0 = U1 = 1.
a) Lp mt quy trnh tnh u n.
b) Tnh cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 1; 2; 3; ...; 9
c) C hay khng s hng ca dy chia ht cho 4? Nu c cho v d. Nu khng
hy chng minh.
Hng dn gii:
a) Dy s c dng: U0 = U1 = 1, Un + 2 = Un + 1 . Un + 1, (n =1; 2; ...)
Quy trnh tnh Un trn my tnh Casio 500MS tr ln:
1 SHIFT STO A x 1 + 1 SIHFT STO B. Lp li dy phm
x ALPHA A + 1 SHIFT STO A x ALPHA B + 1 SHIFT STO B
b) Ta c cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 1; 2; 3; ...; 9 trong bng sau:
U0 = 1
U5 = 22

U1 = 1
U6 = 155

U2 = 2
U7 = 3411

U3 = 3
U4 = 7
U8 = 528706 U9 = 1803416167

Bi 9:
Cho dy s U1 = 1, U2 = 2, Un + 1 = 3Un + Un 1. (n 2)
a) Hy lp mt quy trnh tnh Un + 1 bng my tnh Casio
b) Tnh cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 18, 19, 20
Bi 11:
Cho dy s U1 = 1, U2 = 1, Un + 1 = Un + Un 1. (n 2)
c) Hy lp mt quy trnh tnh Un + 1 bng my tnh Casio
d) Tnh cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 12, 48, 49, 50
S cu b)
U12 = 144, U48 = 4807526976, U49 = 7778742049 , U49 = 12586269025
Bi 12:
Cho dy s sp th t vi U1 = 2, U2 = 20 v t U3 tr i c tnh theo cng thc
Un + 1 = 2Un + Un + 1 (n 2).
a) Tnh gi tr ca U3 , U4 , U5 , U6 , U7 , U8
b) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un
c) S dng quy trnh trn tnh gi tr ca Un vi n = 22; 23, 24, 25

Trang

11

III. MT S BI TON V LIN PHN S.

Bi 1:
Cho A 30

12

. Vit li A ao

5
10
2003

a1

... an1

1
an

Vit kt qu theo th t a0 , a1 ,..., an 1 , an ...,...,...,...

Gii:
Ta c A 30

31

12
5
10
2003

12.2003
24036
4001
1
30
30 1
31
20035
20035
20035
20035
4001

1
.
30
5
4001

Tip tc tnh nh trn, cui cng ta c:

1

A 31

133

1
2

Vit kt qu theo k hiu lin phn s a0 , a1 ,..., an 1 , an 31,5,133, 2,1, 2,1, 2

Bi 2:
Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau v biu din kt qu di dng phn s:
A
2

31
1
3

10
1

; B
7

1
4
5

; C
1

1
5
4

2003
2
4

8
9

p s: A) 2108/157 ; B) 1300/931 ; C) 783173/1315

Ring cu C ta lm nh sau: Khi tnh n 2003:

1315
. Nu tip tc nhn x 2003 =
391

th c s thp phn v vt qu 10 ch s.
V vy ta lm nh sau:
391 x 2003 = (kt qu 783173) vy C = 783173/1315.
Bi 3:
1

a) Tnh A 1
1

b) B 3

1
1
1
11

3
3

1
3

1
3

Trang

12

c) C 1
2

d) D 9

1
4
6

1
7

1
8
9

7
2

8
9

Bi 4:
a) Vit quy trnh tnh:
3
12
1

A 17
1
1

17

23

12
2002

1
2003

b) Gi tr tm c ca A l bao nhiu ?
Bi 5:
Bit

2003
7
273
2

. Tm cc s a, b, c, d.

1
1

1
d

Bi 6:
Tm gi tr ca x, y. Vit di dng phn s t cc phng trnh sau:
x

a) 4

1
2

1
1
4

1
2

Hng dn: t A =

1
3
4

Ta c 4 + Ax = Bx. Suy ra x
Kt qu x 8

1
3
5

1
6

1
1

, B=

; b)

1
2

1
2

4
.
B A

844
12556
24

. (Tng t y =
)
1459
1459
29

Trang

13

Bi 7:
Tm x bit:
3

381978
382007

8
8

1
1 x

Lp quy trnh n lin tc trn fx 570MS, 570ES.

381978 : 382007 = 0.999924085
n tip phm x-1 x 3 8 v n 9 ln du =. Ta c:
1
. Tip tc n Ans x-1 1 =
1 x
17457609083367
Kt qu : x = -1,11963298 hoc

15592260478921
Ans

Bi 8:
Thi gian tri t quay mt vng quanh tri t c vit di dng lin phn s l:
1

365

. Da vo lin phn s ny, ngi ta c th tm ra s nm

3
5

1
20

1
6

1
th c 4 nm li c mt nm nhun.
4
1
7
Cn nu dng lin phn s 365
th c 29 nm (khng phi l 28
365
1
29
4
7

nhun. V d dng phn s 365

nm) s c 7 nm nhun.
1) Hy tnh gi tr (di dng phn s) ca cc lin phn s sau:
1

a) 365
4

; b) 365

1
7
3

4
7

; c) 365

1
1
5

7
3

1
5

1
20

2) Kt lun v s nm nhun da theo cc phn s va nhn c.

IV.Lai kep Nien khoan

Trang

14

Bai toan m au: Gi vao ngan hang so tien la a ong, vi lai suat hang
thang la r% trong n thang. Tnh ca von lan lai A sau n thang?
-- Giai -Goi A la tien von lan lai sau n thang ta co:
Thang 1 (n = 1): A = a + ar = a(1 + r)
Thang 2 (n = 2): A = a(1 + r) + a(1 + r)r = a(1 + r)2

Thang n (n = n): A = a(1 + r)n 1 + a(1 + r)n 1.r = a(1 + r)n

Vay A = a(1 + r)n (*)
Trong o: a tien von ban au, r lai suat (%) hang thang, n so thang, A tien von
lan lai sau n thang.
T cong thc (*) A = a(1 + a)n ta tnh c cac ai lng khac nh sau:
A
a(1 r) (1 r)n 1
A
Ar
a
n
1) n
; 2) r
1 ; 3) A
; 4) a
ln(1 r)
a
r
(1 r) (1 r)n 1
ln

(ln trong cong thc 1 la Logarit Nepe, tren may fx-500 MS va fx-570 MS
phm ln an trc tiep)
V du: Mot so tien 58.000.000 gi tiet kiem theo lai suat 0,7% thang.
Tnh ca von lan lai sau 8 thang?
-- Giai -Ta co: A = 58000000(1 + 0,7%)8
Ket qua: 61 328 699, 87
V du: Mot ngi co 58 000 000 muon gi vao ngan hang e c 70 021
000. Hoi phai gi tiet kiem bao lau vi lai suat la 0,7% thang?
-- Giai -70021000
So thang toi thieu phai gi la: n 58000000
ln 1 0, 7%
ln

Ket qua: 27,0015 thang

Vay toi thieu phai gi la 27 thang.
V du: So tien 58 000 000 gi tiet kiem trong 8 thang th lanh ve c 61
329 000. Tm lai suat hang thang?
-- Giai -Lai suat hang thang: r 8

61329000
1
58000000

Ket qua: 0,7%

V du: Moi thang gi tiet kiem 580 000 vi lai suat 0,7% thang. Hoi sau
10 thang th lanh ve ca von lan lai la bao nhieu?
Trang

15

--Giai-So tien lanh ca goc lan lai:

A

580000(1 0,007) (1 0, 007)10 1

0, 007

580000.1, 007. 1, 00710 1

0, 007

Ket qua: 6028055,598

V du: Muon co 100 000 000 sau 10 thang th phai gi quy tiet kiem la
bao nhieu moi thang. Vi lai suat gi la 0,6%?
-- Giai -So tien gi hang thang: a

100000000.0, 006
100000000.0, 006

10
10
1 0, 006 1 0, 006 1 1, 006 1, 006 1

Ket qua: 9674911,478

Nhan xet: Can phan biet ro cach gi tien tiet kiem:
+ Gi so tien a mot lan -----> lay ca von lan lai A.
+ Gi hang thang so tien a -----> lay ca von lan lai A.
Can phan tch cac bai toan mot cach hp ly e c cac khoang tnh
ung an.
Co the suy luan e tm ra cac cong thc t 1) -> 4) tng t nh bai
toan m au
Cac bai toan ve dan so cung co the ap dung cac cong thc tren ay.
V.Tm a thc thng khi chia a thc cho n thc
Bai toan m au: Chia a thc a0x3 + a1x2 + a2x + a3 cho x c ta se c
thng la mot a thc bac hai Q(x) = b0x2 + b1x + b2 va so d r. Vay a0x3 + a1x2 +
a2x + a3 = (b0x2 + b1x + b2)(x-c) + r = b0x3 + (b1-b0c)x2 + (b2-b1c)x + (r + b2c). Ta
lai co cong thc truy hoi Horner: b0 = a0; b1= b0c + a1; b2= b1c + a2; r = b2c + a3.
Tng t nh cach suy luan tren, ta cung co s o Horner e tm thng va so d
khi chia a thc P(x) (t bac 4 tr len) cho (x-c) trong trng hp tong quat.
V du: Tm thng va so d trong phep chia x7 2x5 3x4 + x 1 cho x
5.
-- Giai -Ta co: c = - 5; a0 = 1; a1 = 0; a2 = -2; a3 = -3; a4 = a5 = 0; a6 = 1; a7 = -1; b0 = a0 =
1.
Qui trnh an may (fx-500MS va fx-570 MS)
() 5 SHIFT STO M 1 ALPHA M 0 (-5) ALPHA M 2 (23)
ALPHA M () 3 (-118) ALPHA M 0 (590) ALPHA M 0 (-2950)
ALPHA M 1 (14751) ALPHA M () 1 (-73756)

Trang

16

Vay x7 2x5 3x4 + x 1 = (x + 5)(x6 5x5 + 23x4 118x3 + 590x2 2590x +

14751) 73756.
VI.Phan tch a thc theo bac cua n thc
Ap dung n-1 lan dang toan 2.4 ta co the phan tch a thc P(x) bac n theo x-c:
P(x)=r0+r1(x-c)+r2(x-c)2++rn(x-c)n.
V du : Phan tch x4 3x3 + x 2 theo bac cua x 3.
-- Giai -Trc tien thc hien phep chia P(x)=q1(x)(x-c)+r0 theo s o Horner e c
q1(x) va r0. Sau o lai tiep tuc tm cac qk(x) va rk-1 ta c bang sau:
1

-3

-2

x4-3x2+x-2

q1(x)=x3+1, r0 = 1

28

27

q2(x)=x3+3x+1, r1 =
28
q3(x)=x+6, r0 = 27
q4(x)=1=a0, r0 = 9

Vay x4 3x3 + x 2 = 1 + 28(x-3) + 27(x-3)2 + 9(x-3)3 + (x-3)4.

V du: Tm tat ca cac so t nhien n (1010 n 2010) sao cho
an 20203 21n cung la so t nhien.
-- Giai -V 1010 n 2010 nen 203,5

41413 an

62413 249,82.

V an nguyen nen 204 n 249. Ta co an2 = 20203 + 21n = 21.962 + 1 + 21n.

Suy ra: an2 1 = 21(962+n), hay (an - 1)(an + 1) = 3.7.(962+n).
Do o, a2n 1 an 1 an 1 chia het cho 7.
Chng to (an - 1) hoac (an + 1) chia het cho 7. Vay an = 7k + 1 hoac an = 7k 1.
* Neu an = 7k 1 thi do 204 n =7k-1 249 => 29,42 k 35,7. Do k nguyen
nen k 30;31;32;33;34;35 . V a2n 1 7k(7k 2) chia het cho 21 nen k ch la: 30;
32; 33; 35. Ta co:
k

30

32

33

35

1118 1406 1557

1873

an

209

244

223

230

* Neu an = 7k + 1 thi do 204 n =7k-1 249 => 29,14 k 35,57. Do k

nguyen nen k 30;31;32;33;34;35 . V a2n 1 7k(7k 2) chia het cho 21 nen k
ch la: 30; 31; 33; 34. Ta co:
Trang

17

Nh vay ta co tat ca 8

30

32

33

35

1118 1406 1557

1873

an

209

244

223

230

ap so.

V du: Tnh A = 999 999 9993

-- Giai -Ta co: 93=729; 993= 970299; 9993=997002999; 99993= 99992.9999=99992(10001)= 999700029999.
3
T o ta co quy luat: 99...9
7 00...0
2 99...9

99...9
n ch so 9

n 1 chso

n 1 ch so

n ch so 9

Vay 999 999 9993 = 999 999 997 000 000 002 999 999 999.
VII.Kim tra mt s l nguyn t hay hp s?
C s l ni dung nh l sau: a l mt s nguyn t nu n khng chia
ht cho mi s nguyn t khng vt qu a
Xut pht t c s , ta lp 1 quy trnh bm phm lin tip kim tra xem
s a c chia ht cho cc s nguyn t nh hn a hay khng!
Nhn xt: Mi s nguyn t u l l (tr s 2), th nn ta dng php chia a
cho cc s l khng vt qu a .
Cch lm:
1. Tnh

a.

2. Ly phn nguyn b ca kt qu.

3. Ly s l ln nht c khng vt qu b.
4. Lp quy trnh
cA

Gn s l c vo nh A lm bin chy.

a AB

Dng lnh 1. B l mt bin cha.

A2A

Dng lnh 2. A l mt bin chy.

SHIFT

...

Lp 2 DL trn, n du v quan st n
khi A = 1 th dng.

5. Trong qu trnh n :
-

Nu tn ti kq nguyn th khng nh a l hp s.

Nu khng tn ti kq nguyn no th khng nh a l s nguyn t.

VD1: Xt xem 8191 l s nguyn t hay hp s?

1. Tnh 8191 c 90,50414355
2. Ly phn nguyn c 90.
Trang

18

3. Ly s l ln nht khng vt qu n l 89.

4. Lp quy trnh:
89 A
8191 A B
A2A

SHIFT

...

5. Quan st cc kt qu ta thy u khng nguyn, cho nn khng nh

8191 l s nguyn t.
VD2: Xt xem 99 873 l s nguyn t hay hp s?
1. Tnh

99873 c 316,0268976.

2. Ly phn nguyn c 316.

3. Ly s l ln nht khng vt qu n l 315.
4. Lp quy trnh:
315 A
99 873 A B
A2A

SHIFT

...

5. Quan st mn hnh thy c kt qu nguyn l 441, cho nn khng nh

99 873 l hp s.
5.6-Phn tch mt s ra tha s nguyn t?
Nhn xt: Cc s nguyn t u l s l (tr s 2)
Cch lm:
TH1: Nu s a c c nguyn t l 2, 3 (Da vo du hiu chia ht nhn
bit). Ta thc hin theo quy trnh:
a C
2 A (hoc 3 A)
C:AB

My bo kq nguyn ta nghi 2 (hoc 3)l mt SNT.

B:AC

SHIFT

Cc kq vn l s nguyn th mi ln nh th ta nhn c 1
TSNT l 2 (hoc 3).
Tm ht cc TSNT l 2 hoc 3 th ta phn tch thng cn li
da vo trng hp di y

VD1: Phn tch 64 ra tha s nguyn t?

M t quy trnh bm phm

ngha hoc kt qu
Trang

19

64 C
2A
C:A B
B:A C

SHIFT

Gn
Gn
Kq l s nguyn 32. Ghi TSNT 2
Kq l s nguyn 16. Ghi TSNT 2

Kq l s nguyn 8. Ghi TSNT 2

Kq l s nguyn 4. Ghi TSNT 2
Kq l s nguyn 2. Ghi TSNT 2
Kq l s nguyn 1. Ghi TSNT 2

Vy 64 = 26
VD2: Phn tch 540 ra tha s nguyn t?
M t quy trnh bm phm

ngha hoc kt qu

540 C

Gn

2A

Gn

C:A B

Kq l s nguyn 270. Ghi TSNT 2

B:AC

Kq l s nguyn 135. Ghi TSNT 2

Nhn thy 135 2 nhng 135 3 ta gn:

3A
C:A B

Kq l s nguyn 45. Ghi TSNT 3

B:A C

Kq l s nguyn 15. Ghi TSNT 3

C:A B

Kq l s nguyn 5. Ghi TSNT 3

Thng l B = 5 l 1 TSNT.
Vy 540 = 22335

TH2: Nu a l s khng cha TSNT 2 hoc 3. Quy trnh c minh ho qua

cc VD sau y.
VD3: Phn tch 385 ra tha s nguyn t?
M t quy trnh bm phm

ngha hoc kt qu

385 C

Gn

3A

Gn

C:A B

Lp dng lnh 1

A+2 A

Lp dng lnh 2

SHIFT

Lp 2 DL trn.
Kq l s nguyn 77.

Chng t C A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 5
Trang

20

 / B:A C

A+2A

SHIFT

Kq l s nguyn 11.

Chng t B A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 7

/ C:A B

A+2A

SHIFT

Kq l s nguyn 1. (qu trnh kt thc)

Chng t C A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 11

Vy 385 = 5.7.11.
VD3: Phn tch 85 085 ra tha s nguyn t?
M t quy trnh bm phm
85085 C
3A
C:A B
A+2 A

SHIFT

(2 ln du )

ngha hoc kt qu
Gn
Gn
Lp dng lnh 1
Lp dng lnh 2
Lp 2 DL trn.
Kq l s nguyn 17 017.

Chng t C A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 5

/ B:A C

A+2A

SHIFT

Kq l s nguyn 2431.

Chng t B A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 7

/ C:A B

A+2A

SHIFT

Kq l s nguyn 221.

Chng t C A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 11

/ B:A C

A+2A
Trang

21

SHIFT

Kq l s nguyn 17.

Chng t B A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 13

/ C:A B

A+2A

SHIFT

Kq l s nguyn 1. (Dng li y)

Chng t C A, A l 1 s nguyn t. Khi ta n AC

ri ghi SNT l 17

Vy 85 085 = 5.7.11.13.17
Bi tp:
Phn tch cc s sau ra tha s nguyn t:
a) 94 325
(527311)
b) 323 040 401.
(7921913271

VIII.Phn tch a thc f(x) thnh nhn t.

C s:
1. Nu tam thc bc hai ax2 + bx + c c 2 nghim l x1, x2 th n vit c
di dng ax2 + bx + c = a(x-x1)(x-x2).
2. Nu a thc f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1+... + a1x + a0 c nghim hu t

p
th p
q

l c ca a0, q l c ca a0.
3. c bit: Nu a thc f(x) = anxn + an-1x n-1+... + a1x + a0 c a1=1 th
nghim hu t l c ca a0.
4. Nu a thc f(x) c nghim l a th a thc f(x) chia ht cho (x-a).
VD1: Phn tch a thc f(x) = x2 + x - 6 thnh nhn t?
Dng chc nng gii phng trnh bc hai ci sn trong my tm nghim
ca f(x) ta thy c 2 nghim l x1 = 2; x2 = -3.
Khi ta vit c: x2 + x - 6 = 1.(x-2)(x+3)
VD2: Phn tch a thc f(x) = x3+3x 2 -13 x -15 thnh nhn t?
Dng chc nng gii phng trnh bc 3 ci sn trong my tm nghim
ca f(x) ta thy c 3 nghim l x1 = 3; x2 = -5; x3 = -1.
Khi ta vit c: x3+3x2 -13 x -15 = 1.(x-3)(x+5)(x+1).
VD3 :Phn tch a thc f(x) = x5 + 5x4 3x3 x2 +58x - 60 thnh nhn
t?
Trang

22

Nhn xt:

Nghim nguyn ca a thc cho l (60).

Ta c (60) =
{ 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 10; 12; 15; 20; 30; 60}
Lp quy trnh kim tra xem s no l nghim ca a thc:
Gn:

-1 X

Nhp vo my a thc:X5 + 5X4 3X3X2 +58X -60 ri n du my bo kq -112

Gn tip:

-2 X / /

Gn tip:

-3 X/ /

my bo kq -108
my bo

kq 0
Do vy ta bit x = -3 l mt nghim ca a thc cho, nn f(x) chia ht cho (x+3).
Khi bi ton tr v tm thng ca php chia a thc f(x) cho (x-3).
Khi ta c f(x) = (x+3)(x4+2x3-9x2+26x-20)
* Ta li xt a thc g(x) = x4+2x3-9x 2+26x-20
Nghim nguyn l c ca 20.
Dng my ta tm c (20) = { 1; 2; 4; 5; 10; 20}
Lp quy trnh kim tra xem s no l nghim ca a thc g(x):
Gn:

-1 X

Nhp vo my a thc: x4+2x3-9x 2+26x-20 ri n du

my bo kq -96

Gn tip:

-2 X / /

my bo kq -148

Gn tip:

-4 X / /

my bo kq -180

Gn tip:

-5 X / /

my bo kq 0

Do vy ta bit x = -5 l mt nghim ca a thc cho, nn f(x) chia ht cho

(x+5). Khi bi ton tr v tm thng ca php chia a thc f(x) cho (x+5).
Khi ta c g(x) = (x+5)(x3-3x 2+6x-4)
* Tip tc dng chc nng gii phng trnh bc 3 tm nghim nguyn ca a
thc h(x) = x 3-3x2+6x-4
Kt qu, l a thc h(x) c nghim l x = 1 nn chia h(x) cho (x-1) ta c:
h(x) = (x-1)(x2-2x+4)
Ta thy a thc (x2-2x+4) v nghim nn khng th phn tch thnh nhn t.
Vy f(x) = (x+3)(x+5)(x-1)(x 2-2x+4)

Trang

23