SeeGull LX Hardware Reference Manual

SeeGull LX Scanning Receiver Hardware Reference Manual
LX
Hardware Reference Manual
Rev X December 2009

PCTEL, RF Solutions Group
Rev. X
COMMENT ON KNOWN DEFECTS AND OTHER ERRATA This document lists problems known to be associated with the current release. PCTEL RF Solutions Group is committed to releasing defect free products, and appreciates any reports of issues or assistance in the identification of issues. Problems are prioritized and queued for remedy. PCTEL RF Solutions Group is always interested in your feedback concerning our products, and the features or additions that would make them better. Please feel free to contact PCTEL RF Solutions Group using the support information below with any suggestions for improvements. Trademarks 2009 PCTEL, Inc. All rights reserved. PCTEL, SeeGull , InSite , CLARIFY , the CLARIFY logo and the PCTEL logo are trademarks of PCTEL, Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Specifications are subject to change without notice.

Notices and Warranty Information The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by PCTEL. PCTEL assumes no responsibility or makes no warranties for any errors that may appear in this document and disclaims any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Copyright Information No part of this document may be used or copied in any form or any means without prior written consent of PCTEL. All Rights Reserved Copyright 1997-2009 by PCTEL, Inc. RF Solutions Group 20410 Observation Drive Germantown, MD 20876 USA Phone: +1 (301) 515-0036 Fax: +1 (301) 515-0037
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SeeGull LX High-Speed Scanning Receiver Hardware Reference Manual

December 2009
Single Receiver Protocols and Bands Supported:

GSM 850 MHz GSM 900 MHz GSM 1800 MHz GSM 1900 MHz GSM Dual-Band 850/1900 MHz GSM Dual-Band 900/1800 MHz UMTS WCDMA 2100 MHz UMTS WCDMA 1900 MHz UMTS WCDMA 850 MHz UMTS WCDMA 1800 MHz UMTS WCDMA AWS UMTS WCDMA 900 MHz UMTS WCDMA Dual-Band 850/1900 MHz cdma2000 850 MHz cdma2000 1900 MHz cdma2000 450 MHz
Dual Receiver Protocols and Bands Supported:

Tri-Band GSM 900/1800 WCDMA 2100 MHz Tri-Band GSM 900/1800 WCDMA 900/2100 MHz Dual-Band GSM/WCDMA 850/1900 MHz Dual-Band WCDMA 2100/900 MHz WCDMA 2100 MHz PLUS Dual-Band WCDMA 2100/1900 MHz Dual-Mode cdma2000 EV-DO 850/1900 MHz
cdma2000 Dual-Band 850/1900 MHz cdma2000 Japan 850/2100 MHz EV-DO 850 MHz EV-DO 1900 MHz EV-DO Dual-Band 850/1900 MHz EV-DO 450 MHz iDEN 800 / 900 MHz
Document Number: 100004-00 Rev. X
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SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................................................................2 Purpose.................................................................................................................................................................2 Applicability ........................................................................................................................................................2 References............................................................................................................................................................3 Notices and Warranty Information.......................................................................................................................3 RoHS Compliance................................................................................................................................................3 ISO Compliance...................................................................................................................................................4 Trademarks ..........................................................................................................................................................4 Copyright Information .........................................................................................................................................4 Restrictions ..........................................................................................................................................................4 1. Overview and System Requirements................................................................................................................5 General Description .............................................................................................................................................5 Initial Inspection ..................................................................................................................................................5 Options.................................................................................................................................................................7 Distance Based Sampling.....................................................................................................................................7 Distance Based Sampling Kit...............................................................................................................................7 System Requirements.........................................................................................................................................10 Typical System...................................................................................................................................................10 Antenna Requirements .......................................................................................................................................10 Power Source Requirements ..............................................................................................................................10 Software Requirements ......................................................................................................................................11 Installation ....................................................................................................................................................12 Integration ..........................................................................................................................................................12 DBS Option Installation.....................................................................................................................................13 Operation ......................................................................................................................................................14 Calibration..........................................................................................................................................................14 Software Upgrades.............................................................................................................................................14 Operation: Controlling the LX scanning receiver and Acquiring Data.............................................................14 cdma2000/EV-DO use of GPS...........................................................................................................................14 Holdover Option Operation................................................................................................................................14 DBS Operation ..............................................................................................................................................15 Background ........................................................................................................................................................15 Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................................................17 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)...............................................................................................................21 Support ..........................................................................................................................................................28 Contact Information ...........................................................................................................................................28 PCTEL, RF Solutions Group Product Offering.............................................................................................30
2.
3.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
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Table of Figures Figure 1 - SeeGull LX scanning receiver with GPS............................................................. 5 Figure 2 - SeeGull LX Multiple Technology Receiver.......................................................... 5 Figure 3 - Top-Level Block Diagram ......................................................................................... 6 Figure 4 - Front View of SeeGull LX scanning receiver Showing Connections .............. 7 Figure 5 - Distance Based Sampling Option............................................................................ 7 Figure 6 - Typical SeeGull LX System.................................................................................... 10 Figure 7 Cable RS-232 Power/Connector (male).............................................................. 10 Figure 8 - Chassis RS-232 Power/Connector (female)........................................................ 10 Figure 9 - Typical System Configuration Block Diagram ..................................................... 11 Figure 10 - Display from InSite LX Software Package (Option) ..................................... 11 Figure 11 - Mounting Holes for Rack Mounting..................................................................... 12 Figure 12 - Attaching the Antenna to Receiver ..................................................................... 12 Figure 13 - Attaching the GPS Antenna to Receiver............................................................ 12 Figure 14 - Connection of LX scanning receiver to PC, Power Supply and Startup ....... 13 Figure 15 - SeeGull LX Power Plug ..................................................................................... 17 Figure 16 - OP078H................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 17 - OP079...................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 18 - OP034H................................................................................................................... 18
Table of Tables Table 1 - Measurement Table .................................................................................................. 15 Table 2 - Maximum Channels .................................................................................................. 16 Table 3 - Antennas for the SeeGull LX ................................................................................... 20 Table 4 - Phone Numbers......................................................................................................... 28 Table 5 - Email Addresses........................................................................................................ 28
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Preface
Purpose This document is a Hardware Reference Manual for the SeeGull LX high-speed, demodulating scanning receiver. It is available along with other documentation that describes PCTELs other products and related applications. Applicability This manual covers PCTELs SeeGull LX scanning receivers. The SeeGull EX scanning receivers are described in other manuals. For more information, please contact your sales or marketing representative (contact information provided in section 7). The SeeGull LX scanning receivers are used globally to optimize wireless network performance via drive test and measurement, perform tower site surveys, provide base station monitoring, demodulate RF signals, and analyze wireless market data. The SeeGull LX scanning receivers are capable of supporting multiple protocols and frequency ranges as listed below. The differences between the various LX models concern the operating frequency range, bandwidth, modulation type, and measurement features. The SeeGull LX scanning receiver is a software-defined receiver, providing our customers with numerous advantages through the receivers flexibility to be software upgradable. The SeeGull LX scanning receivers will support the following Second and Third Generation (3G) protocols: GSM 850, 900, 1800 and 1900 GSM Dual-Band, 850/1900 GSM Dual-Band, 900/1800 UMTS WCDMA 2100, 1800, 900, AWS and 1900
UMTS WCDMA Dual-Band 850/1900 MHz UMTS WCDMA Dual-Band 2100/1900 UMTS WCDMA Dual-Band 2100/900 cdma2000 450, 1900 and 850 cdma2000 Dual-Band 850/1900 cdma2000 Japan 850/2100 Tri-Band GSM/WCDMA 900/1800/2100 Dual Mode GSM/WCDMA 850/1900 EV-DO 1900, 850 and 450 EV-DO Dual-Band 850/1900 Dual Mode cdma2000/EV-DO 850/1900 Dual Mode cdma2000/EV-DO 450 iDEN 800/900 The SeeGull LX scanning receivers have these features: GSM Fast Scanning Speed BCCH Decoding Option BSIC Decoding Option C/I (Co-Channel Interference) Measurements Spectrum Analyzer Scan Distance Based Sampling Option RSSI Channel Scan RSSI Frequency Scan Concurrent Measurements Built-in GPS Option WCDMA Fast Scanning Speed Distance Based Sampling Option Time Slot Scan Pilot Scan PSCH & SSCH Scans Top N Scan RSSI Channel Scan RSSI Frequency Scan Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) Measurements Multiple Concurrent Frequency Scans Spectrum Analyzer Scan Rake Finger cdma2000 Fast Scanning Speed Spectrum Analyzer Scan
PCTEL RF Solutions Group
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SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents SeeGull LX/EX Enhanced Interface Control Document (eICD); document number 12100001M. PCTEL, RF Solutions Group Terms & Conditions of Sale
Pilot Zoom Scan Pilot Scan PCH w/Pilot List Scan PCH w/Top N Scan Pilot Detail Scan Distance Based Sampling Option RSSI Channel Scan RSSI Frequency Scan Top N Pilot Scan Multi-Frequency PN Scans Holdover Option Synch Ch Timing Option Code Domain Option Built-in GPS EV-DO Fast Scanning Speed Distance Based Sampling Option Spectrum Analyzer Scan Pilot Zoom Scan Pilot Scan RSSI Channel Scan RSSI Frequency Scan Top N Pilot Scan Multi-Frequency PN Scans Holdover Option Built-in GPS cdma2000 Japan Fast Scanning Speed Distance Based Sampling Option Pilot Zoom Scan Pilot Scan RSSI Channel Scan Top N Pilot Scan Multi-Frequency PN Scans Holdover Option Synch Ch Timing Option Built-in GPS iDEN Fast Scanning Speed RSSI Channel Scan DCC Decoding option SQE Measurement option Built-in GPS References
1. The SeeGull LX Applications Programming Interface (API) Specification; document number 120008-00M.
2.
3.
For more information please visit: http://www.rfsolutions.pctel.com Notices and Warranty Information The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by PCTEL. PCTEL assumes no responsibility or makes no warranties for any errors that may appear in this document and disclaims any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
NOTICE: There are no user serviceable parts inside the scanning receivers.
WARNING: These devices have no protection against lightning. Please turn off the receiver during a thunderstorm and, if applicable, take the antenna inside the car before a thunderstorm approaches. The receiver device itself is not intended for outdoor use. RoHS Compliance Effective July 2006, PCTEL SeeGull LX Scanning Receivers are being delivered to participating European nations were compliant to EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). Effective December 2006, this included our US LX scanning receivers. This program applies to our SeeGull LX WCDMA 2100/AWS/1900/900/850 scanning receivers, SeeGull LX GSM 900/1800/1900/850 scanning receivers and SeeGull LX CDMA and EV-DO 850/1900 scanning receiver units, including our multimode configurations (Tri-Band) along with accessories (cables and antennas). All other SeeGull LX scanning receivers were included as of November 1, 2007, including CDMA 450, EV-DO 450, and WCDMA 1800.
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PCTEL SeeGull EX Scanning Receivers are compliant to "Administrative Measure on the Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products" ("China RoHS").
PCTEL, Inc. shall not be liable for errors or omissions contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of this document.
ISO Compliance The PCTEL, RF Solutions Group Quality Management System has been certified to be compliant with ISO 9001:2008. Trademarks 2009 PCTEL, Inc. All rights reserved. PCTEL, SeeGull , InSite , CLARIFY , the CLARIFY logo and the PCTEL logo are trademarks of PCTEL, Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Copyright Information No part of this document may be used or copied in any form or any means without prior written consent of PCTEL. All Rights Reserved Copyright 2009 by: PCTEL, Inc. RF Solutions Group 20410 Observation Drive, Suite 200 Germantown, MD 20876 USA Phone: +1 (301) 515-0036 Fax: +1 (301) 515-0037 Restrictions This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright; it is intended for internal use only, it is not to be disclosed to a third party. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied or reproduced in any way without the prior written permission of PCTEL, Inc. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. PCTEL, Inc. makes no warranty of any kind with regards to this document.
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1. Overview and System Requirements

This section describes the SeeGull LX scanning receiver, including the applicable system configuration and software requirements. General Description The SeeGull LX scanning receiver (Figure 1) supports measurement for a single cellular technology (with single or dual frequency bands). The SeeGull LX is also available in a Multiple Technology configuration (Figure 2) that supports measurements for two cellular technologies. The SeeGull LX is a dual-conversion superheterodyne receiver that includes a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) for signal detection, demodulation, and data acquisition. It uses a control processor for control functions messaging. It was designed for the planning, installation, and maintenance of wireless networks. It is a test tool for signal strength and modulation measurement, engineered for the rigors of the mobile test equipment market.
The DSP processor controls the RF front end, including tuning to the desired channels, and acquires two channels of baseband data. Depending on the protocol and the type of measurement, the SeeGull LX scanning receiver can provide the user with critical measurements for managing the quality of the network. The raw data is further processed in the DSP processor to yield the averaged RSSI (Received Signal Strength) data and the base station identifier, statistics of the signal, and other RF measurements. See Figure 3 for details. The unit can also be customized to do various levels of protocol analysis. The serial communication link allows the host (PC or computer with a USB or an RS232 interface) to control the operation of the LX scanning receiver and to receive the measurement results. On the single protocol scanning receivers, the RS-232 interface comes standard with 115.2k Baud speed, but can also be factory configured for 38.4k Baud. (Refer to section 3 for more details). On the multiple protocol scanning receivers, a USB interface is provided. If the host is a Windows XP or Vista compatible computer, the Applications Programming Interface (API), available from PCTEL, makes writing the host software easy. An optional description known as the Interface Control Document (ICD) of the low-level serial protocol development is also available for non-PC applications. For copies of the API and/or the eICD, please contact your PCTEL sales or marketing representative. Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container and verify that the contents are complete and match the packing list. The single technology receiver should look similar to the picture in Figure 4 and the multiple protocol scanning receivers should look similar to the picture in Figure 3. If the contents are incomplete or the SeeGull LX scanning receiver appears damaged, please call the Technical Support line at +1 (240) 460-8833.
Figure 1 - SeeGull LX scanning receiver with GPS
Figure 2 - SeeGull LX Multiple Technology Receiver
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Control +12 VDC RS-485 RS-232 Control Processor Data & Address Busses Digital Downconverter Data & Address Busses
RF GPS Antenna Antenna
Internal GPS
DSP
RF Front End
DB9
DC/DC Converter
Figure 3 - Top-Level Block Diagram
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GPS Antenna Input
tool. Information on the DBS applications is provided in Section 4. Traditionally, two separate tools were needed for these functionalities. The DBS option is a cost-effective and user-friendly approach to distance based sampling. For more information, please contact your sales or marketing representative.
RF Antenna Input
Power On LED
RS-232 Data/Power Connector
Figure 4 - Front View of SeeGull LX scanning receiver Showing Connections
Options There are a number of options available for the LX scanning receivers. These options are described here in this section. Please refer to Section 8 for a complete list of options, including their part numbers, available for the SeeGull LX scanning receiver. Please contact your PCTEL sales or marketing representative for pricing and delivery information. Distance Based Sampling The Distance Based Sampling (DBS) option (part number OP029) is available for certain SeeGull LX scanning receivers (see the Preface). This enables a LX scanning receiver to support a DBS application. The LX scanning receiver is able to receive pulses over an RS-485 interface to control when measurements are taken. For information required to interface a DBS sensor to an LX scanning receiver, refer to the SeeGull LX Enhanced Interface Control Document (eICD). This describes the required hardware interface and the software techniques to control the LX scanning receiver for DBS applications. Also, refer to section 4 for additional application information. Distance Based Sampling Kit The Distance Based Sampling (DBS) Kit (part number OP028) is available for the SeeGull LX scanning receiver. See Figure 5 for details. It provides both model tuning and optimization capability in one
Mounts either Magnetically or Mechanically to Vehicle
Figure 5 - Distance Based Sampling Option
The Distance Based Sampling option includes a kit containing the following: Sensor DBS Interface Cable Magnetic Mount
GSM BCCH Decoding Option This option, available on the GSM LX scanning receivers, provides decoding of the BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel) type 3 messages. These messages contain the Cell Identity and Local Area Identification information broadcast by the network infrastructure. This information includes the: MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code), and LAC (Location Area Code).
These messages also contain significant information on the configuration, activity, and performance of the network. This includes information concerning: Neighbor list
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Mobility management (handovers, etc.) Group and broadcast call control GPRS mobility management, transparent transport and session management Radio resource management SMS messages Location services scanning receiver BCCH frequency
include indoor applications, driving through tunnels or in urban areas, where maintaining GPS (which is used by the LX scanning receiver for both location and CDMA timing) is difficult. (See Section 3 Operations for more details.)
The SeeGull LX supports numerous channels.
GSM BSIC Decoding This feature is included with the GSM LX scanning receivers. The BSIC (Base Station Identification Code) is decoded in the receiver and can be used for identifying the transmitting base station. The SeeGull LX scanning receiver platform has very high performance in regards to the detection sensitivity of the transmitting base stations. GSM C/I Option This option is available with the GSM LX scanning receivers and it provides cochannel interference (C/I) measurements as well as decoding of BSIC (Base Station Identification Code). CDMA2000 Code Domain Option This option is available on the CDMA2000 and EV-DO LX scanning receivers. For each RF channel, Code Domain Scan allows the determination of where the signal energy is into the code-separated channels. The Ec/Io is reported for each Code Channel in a list user, using integer values from 0 to 127. CDMA2000 / EV-DO Holdover Option The Holdover Option is available on the CDMA2000 and EV-DO LX scanning receivers, including CDMA Japan. This enables users to collect measurements even when a GPS signal is not present. This option maintains the stability of the internal clock for a greater period in the absence of the GPS signal (normally the GPS signal is used for this). Examples
CDMA2000 Sync Channel Timing Option The Sync Channel Timing Option is available on the CDMA2000 LX scanning receivers, including CDMA Japan. This option allows the user to select one of three ways for the internal timing of the LX scanning receiver to be acquired: 1. GPS Only 2. Sync Channel 3. GPS Priority. When the LX scanning receiver is using Sync Channel timing (as selected in 2 or 3 above), the networks signal is used to determine what the correct pilot number is and correct any internal determination that may be wrong due to clock drift in the absence of the GPS signal. This is available for measurements for Pilot, Pilot Detail, Pilot Zoom, Top N, Code Domain, PCH w/Pilot list and PCH w/Top N measurements.
NOTE: the Holdover Option and the Sync Channel Timing Option can be purchased and used separately. They are also complementary when purchased together for CDMA2000 LX scanning receivers. HoldOver Option will maintain the internal clock accuracy when GPS is lost, but eventually clock drift will create errors in the Pilot number, which will be corrected by the Sync Channel option.
CDMA2000 Layer 3 Message Decoding Option This option is available on the CDMA2000 LX scanning receivers. It provides Layer 3 Message Decoding of Sync Channel
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Message and Primary Paging Channel, including: System Parameters Message Extended System Parameters Message Neighbor List Message Extended Neighbor List Message CDMA Channel List Message Extended CDMA Channel List Message
The user may set the frequency span in the RF Band, the resolution bandwidth (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 kHz), and the sweep averaging (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16).
iDEN DCC Decoding This option is available with the iDEN LX scanning receivers. The DCC (Digital Color Code) is decoded in the receiver and can be used for identifying the transmitting base station. iDEN SQE Option This option is available with the iDEN LX scanning receivers. It provides Signal Quality Estimate (SQE) measurements commonly used to manage iDEN networks. Built-In Spectrum Analyzer The built-in Spectrum Analyzer feature provides an effective means to detect and troubleshoot frequency related problems. The Spectrum Analyzer shows a wealth of information about the signal spectrum that is not obtainable from the standard channel power measurement. The Spectrum Analyzer can analyze a fast-changing spectrum of an unstable transmitter. The RSSI measurement in this case will most often show a normal smooth picture, but the spectrum display, if used with an appropriate resolution bandwidth, will show an erratic behavior due to the fast update rate and lack of averaging. The Spectrum Analyzer measures and reports power spectral density using frequency domain techniques (a segmented FFT approach that ensures various resolution bandwidths and fast update rates), whereas RSSI measurements use analog and digital filters to select the right frequency band and subsequently measure total power.
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System Requirements Typical System Depending on a users requirements, various hardware and software components may be used in the scanning system along with the SeeGull LX scanning receiver. However, in most cases, a typical configuration will include a host IBM or compatible PC connected to the LX scanning receiver via a serial or USB cable and running the users application software. This configuration is illustrated in Figure 6.
voltage and current levels as above. It is HIGHLY recommended that the power supply not exceed the working range of the scanning receivers. Applying excessive voltage to the receiver will void the units warranty. See Figure 8 for the location of the power and ground pins on the RS-232 power/connector for the single LX scanning receiver. The multiple protocol scanning receivers have a separate connector and cable for power (the RS-232 should not be used to supply power to the multiple protocol scanning receivers).
Pin 2 Pin 6
Pin 3
Pin 5 Pin 9
Pin 2: Pin 3: Pin 5: Pin 6: Pin 9: XMIT RCV GND +12 VDC +5 VDC
Figure 7 Cable RS-232 Power/Connector (male)
Figure 6 - Typical SeeGull LX System
Antenna Requirements Please always use antennas with a 50-Ohm impedance and with an SMA male connector for connecting to the LX scanning receiver. Refer to PCTELs product offering matrix in section 8 for part number information. Power Source Requirements Use one of the following voltage levels: +12 VDC @ 2.4 A (Multiple Technology Receiver) +12 VDC @ 1.0 A all others
Pin 5 Pin 9 Pin 3
Pin 2 Pin 6
Figure 8 - Chassis RS-232 Power/Connector (female)
Use a car battery, a 12-volt battery, or an AC/DC adapter to supply to 12 VDC. It is imperative that the power source be capable of supplying the receiver with the
NOTE: 1. Pin 6 is +12 VDC supplied by the customer to the scanning receiver 2. Pin 9 is +5 VDC that is supplied from the scanning receiver.
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your PCTEL sales representative for more information.

PC
Com Port 12 VDC RF Antenna OP 021 or OP 022 Power/Data Cable GPS Antenna
DB9
SMA SeeGull LX Receiver
SMB Figure 10 - Display from InSite LX Software Package (Option)
Figure 9 - Typical System Configuration Block Diagram
PC Requirements Software Requirements Option 1: Windows Based Control If the user is planning to develop proprietary drive test software to control the SeeGull LX scanning receiver using the Windows OS, PCTEL can provide your software developers with an Application Programming Interface (API) or the enhanced Interface Control Document (eICD) to speed software development by understanding how to communicate with the LX scanning receiver. Option 2: If the user chooses not to develop software for control and data collection, of the LX scanning receiver, PCTELs InSite, can be purchased. InSite (Figure 9) is a data collection software package, which allows for the control and data acquisition of PCTELs LX scanning receivers. Contact
Other System Configurations In some cases, users connect the SeeGull LX scanning receiver to computers other than IBM-compatible PCs. In these cases, optional low-level serial communication protocol information (Enhanced Interface Control Document, eICD) can be furnished with the LX scanning receiver. This allows the user to write the communication drivers necessary to operate their system.
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2. Installation
This section describes how to set up the SeeGull LX scanning receiver. Integration There are eight (8) mounting holes (6-32 screw) on the chassis of the unit that are used for mounting in the users enclosure/rack. See Figure 11 for details. When installing the unit in a system enclosure, rack, or case, there should be good dissipation of heat in order to prevent the unit from overheating. Unobstructed convection airflow is recommended. The use of carefully designed, thin-walled pouches for carrying the unit is allowed, but thorough testing of the temperature regime is highly recommended.
1. Connect the antenna to the antenna SMA connector on the unit. See Figure 12.
SMA Connector from Antenna
Figure 12 - Attaching the Antenna to Receiver
On LX units sold before 2007, you may find a colored band around the RF connector. This denotes the RF frequency range supported on that connector. PCTEL antennas sold during this time had matching colored bands. PURPLE denotes the 2100 MHz band and YELLOW denotes the bands from 806-1990 MHz. The multi-protocol LX units are not pictured. These units have two RF connectors. For the GSM/WCDMA units, RF1 is for WCDMA and RF2 is for GSM. For the cdma2000/EVDO units, RF1 is for EV-DO and RF2 is for cdma2000. 2. Connect the GPS antenna (or input) to the SMB connector. See Figure 13.
Rear of Receiver
Side of Receiver (Typical Both Sides)
RF Input
Power
Data
Mounting Holes (8 Total) Front of Receiver
Mounting Holes (8 Total)
SMB Connector from GPS Antenna
Figure 11 - Mounting Holes for Rack Mounting
Note:
Maximum Depth of Screw
Insertion from Chassis Exterior 0.110 inches (0.28 cm)

Figure 13 - Attaching the GPS Antenna to Receiver
The following steps explain how to connect the unit to the host PC and power source and to begin collecting data.
3. Connect the LX scanning receiver to a PC serial port and to the car cigarette
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lighter adapter using the optional power/data cable (OP021), as illustrated in Figure 14. After the power is applied, the LED on the receiver illuminates in orange. After a short delay, the light turns green. If the light turns dark red, the unit has failed the power-up test. Please contact Customer Support. 4. Connect the multiple protocol scanning receivers interface to a PC using a USB interface. Two virtual COM ports will be available to the application software and functionality is the same as that with RS232. See USB Driver Installation Instructions for more information. (Document #100029-00). 5. Install and start the PC program. If you are using InSite LX, refer to the InSite LX manual for specific instructions. 6. The system is ready for use.
DBS Option Installation To install the Distance Based Sampling option, plug the cable provided into the sensor. For mounting and placement of the sensor, refer to the installation instructions (Document 130019-00M) provided in the DBS kit.
Scanner Power Connector (RS-232)
PC Serial Port
Lighter Adapter, Connects to Car Cigarette Lighter
Start Up (Orange) Normal Operation (Green) System Failed (Red)
Figure 14 - Connection of LX scanning receiver to PC, Power Supply and Startup
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3. Operation
This section discusses calibration, software upgrades, and integrating the SeeGull LX scanning receiver into the users test system. Calibration The SeeGull LX scanning receivers are calibrated at the factory. The calibration data is stored in the internal non-volatile memory for each 1 dB step for the whole input signal dynamic range. Recalibration is recommended every year in order to maintain the specified accuracy levels. Please refer to the Calibration Notice in section 5 for more information. Recalibration is available as an optional service from PCTEL, RF Solutions Group. Note:
Recalibration is Recommended
refer to the eICD, or the API. Depending on the PC software used to work with the unit, the following is applicable: If the user incorporates the LX scanning receiver into their test system running Windows, use the Application Programming Interface (API) described in References, Item 1 (Preface Section). In case the user has a system that runs an operating system other than Windows, use the description of the serial interface and messages. See References, Item 2 (Preface Section). cdma2000/EV-DO use of GPS During collection, the cdma2000 and EVDO LX scanning receivers utilize a GPS signal to provide accurate timing for measurements of Pilot Delay, Delay Spread, Pilot Number, Aggregate, and Peak Ec/Io. If the GPS signal is lost, inaccuracies in these measurements may occur within minutes, unless the Holdover option is used. Holdover Option Operation When a GPS signal is present, the CDMA 2000 and EV-DO LX scanning receivers use the GPS data for timing information to decode the CDMA Signals. With the Holdover option, the CDMA2000 and EVDO LX scanning receivers will continue accurate decoding of pilots for a period of 2 -4 hours in the absence of any GPS signal. To get the best performance of the Holdover option during indoor measurements, we recommend that the GPS be locked for at least 45 minutes before using the LX scanning receiver in an unlocked / holdover mode (with power maintained).
Every Year
Software Upgrades The SeeGull LX scanning receiver stores the application program in internal nonvolatile memory, and accordingly, is capable of being upgraded via software. Upgrades may be needed to incorporate new features or bug fixes.
Note: Some upgrades can only be performed at PCTELs factory.
Operation: Controlling the LX scanning receiver and Acquiring Data A unit is controlled, and the measurement data is received via the RS-232 communication link running at 115.2k Baud (factory standard) or 38.4k Baud (please request at time of order). For instructions on how to change the baud rate, please
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4. DBS Operation
If you are developing proprietary software to control the SeeGull LX scanning receiver, please refer to the LX Applications Programmers Interface (API) or Enhanced Interface Control Document (eICD) for how to control and use the Distance Based Sampling option. Background Typical application requirements DBS is used primarily for enforcing rules about the distance spacing between measurements. One primary motivator of this type of measuring is the Lee criteria. This states that the appropriate distance for measuring a signal is taking 50 measurements within a distance that is 40 times the frequencies wavelength. Within the cellular protocols, the common bands are listed here, with the corresponding parameters. The number of required measurements per second for one, two, and four channels is given if driving is assumed to occur at 100km/h (app. 62 mph); other sampling rates can be determined for slower speeds.
40/50 (cm) 11 12 13 26 27 52 Meas./sec @100km/h 1 channel 252 231 213 107 103 54 Meas./sec @100km/h 2 chans. 504 462 426 214 206 108 Meas./sec @100km/h 4 chans. 1008 924 852 428 412 216
interface using a special cable purchased from PCTEL). The InSite application provides the means to calibrate the sensor, which determines the correct numbers of pulses per meter. It then allows the user to define the distance to take another measurement, using guidelines like those listed above. (Of course, other applications can be used to interface with the LX scanning receivers and provide these capabilities.) LX scanning receiver measurement speed Each technology in the LX scanning receiver has a maximum scanning speed (the ability to reliably perform a maximum number of measurements per second) for making RSSI CW (continuous wave) measurements: WCDMA: 600 per second GSM: 150 per second
These speeds are achieved regardless of the number of channels selected for measurement. When the LX scanning receiver is configured to exceed these speeds, error messages are reported and the resulting measurement speed is degraded. This indicates the limits on which selections should be made for scanning. Final scanning speed is based on four parameters: 1. Technology of the LX scanning receiver 2. The band to be measured 3. The distance selected for making measurements 4. The speed that the LX scanning receiver is moving when taking measurements The maximum channels that can be configured using the Lee Criteria above, at 100km/h and 50km/h, are given in this table:
Band 2100 1900 1800 900 850 450
Table 1 - Measurement Table
DBS in LX Scanning Receivers The LX scanning receivers are designed to provide the means to take RSSI measurements based on distance. Using external sensors that provide pulses based on distance (via an RS-485 interface), the LX scanning receivers can be configured to make measurements for the channels on the scan list once every time a certain number of pulses occur (this via an RS-485
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Band 2100 1900 1800 900 850 450
40/50 (cm) 11 12 13 26 27 52
Meas./sec 252 / 126 231 / 115 213 / 106 107 / 53 103 / 51 54 / 27
WCDMA 2/4 2/5 2/5 5 / 11 5 / 11 11 / 23
GSM 0/1 0/1 0/1 1/2 1/2 2/5
Table 2 - Maximum Channels
*100km/h / 50km/h
LX scanning receiver reporting of measurements One characteristic of PCTELs LX scanning receivers is using stacked mode to achieve these scanning speeds, and works as follows: The scans are performed as requested, but results are aggregated in a single message (up to 255 results) These results are reported from the LX scanning receiver on 1 second boundaries If less than 255 results are produced in a second, one message is reported when the measurements are done; if more are produced, a set of messages are reported The messages contain a count of results that are a multiple of the number of channels (ex. If 10 channels are requested, there will be up to 250 results in each message)
The result is that the LX scanning receivers ability to report messages does not limit the measurement speed. In reference to the table above, when the LX scanning receiver is configured for one channel, each 1 second report will contain less that 255 measurements (in most cases). However, when using 2100MHz and four channels, the unit will provide four messages in each report per second, with 252 measurements in each message.
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5. Troubleshooting
This section describes a few suggestions for several common problems that might occur. These suggestions are user serviceable. No Power: Receiver LEDs are not Illuminated Should there be no power displayed on the Power LED located on the face of the receiver, please check the connection first, then the fuse, which is located in the cigarette lighter end of the power cord. Note:
Check The Fuse in the Cigarette Lighter Plug First!
Pressure Clips
Positive Connection
Fuse Holding Nut (Turn Counter-Clockwise to Open)
Figure 15 - SeeGull LX Power Plug
Replace the fuse with an identical 3-amp fuse. Note:

Only use a 3-amp fuse; any other fuse value may cause severe problems with the unit and void the warranty. In order not to violate the safety approval of the receiver, the fuse must be safety approved.
The fuse can be blown by a surge in the portable or mobile battery system. A temporarily shorted wire can also cause other problems. If the fuse is not operating normally, it will open up, thereby disconnecting the input power from the SeeGull LX scanning receiver. The fuse is the first line of defense should any short, large spike, or other problems occur within the power wiring circuitry. When the fuse blows, there will be no power to the receiver. Changing the Fuse in the Power Plug If it is necessary to change the fuse in the power plug, remove the cigarette lighter plug end from the power source. See Figure 15 for an illustration of the power plug. Loosen the fuse-holding finger nut by turning it counter-clockwise until the plug comes apart. The fuse is inside the power plug housing and can be removed.
Insert the new fuse in the housing and reassemble the plug by turning the knurled finger nut in a clockwise direction. Tighten this nut as tight as you can with your fingers. Note:
Do Not Use Tools to Tighten
Received Signal Strength Appears Low If the received signal strength appears to be lower than expected, it is likely that: (1) An incorrect antenna is being used (2) An antenna is not properly connected or (3) The antenna or antenna cable is damaged. Check the antenna to be used with each receiver to be sure that the correct frequency antenna is being used or that one is even connected.
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RF Antenna Information PCTEL offers two antennas that are superior to earlier antennas: new bases with a better cable (less dB loss per foot) and a frequency range wide enough to cover all of the PCTel LX scanning receivers (except the 450 MHz LX scanning receivers). The first, OP078H, replaced the OP078H; 698-2300 MHZ Multi-Band Mag. Mount RF antenna which supports all of the 850, 900, 1800, 1900 and 2100 band LX scanning receivers.
OP133 OP134 OP135 OP136
Indoor Antenna 900/1800 MHz Indoor Antenna 850/1900 MHz Indoor Antenna 2100 MHz Indoor Antenna 450 MHz
GPS Antenna Information PCTEL offers a number of options for GPS use. There are two antenna models available: The first option, OP034H, is a High Gain GPS standalone antenna, which comes standard with a magnetic mounting base and a SMB connector.
OP034H
Figure 18 - OP034H
Figure 16 - OP078H
The second, OP079, is a combination MultiBand with built-in GPS base and supports the 850, 900, and 1900 band LX scanning receivers
The second option, OP079, is a combination Multi-Band Mag. Mount RF antenna with a built in GPS antenna. This antenna comes standard with a magnetic mounting base and a SMA connector for the RF and a SMB connector for the GPS. See Figure 17 Antenna Options Verify that all the necessary antennas are included in the shipment and that each is marked. Each antenna comes in a bag that is labeled. Notes: 1. Some scanning receivers Require Multiple Antennas. For example, cdma2000 and EV-DO scanning receivers Require Antennas for RF and GPS for Proper Operation. 2. Antennas should be place a minimum of 6 apart, with up to 24 recommended, including those of other devices.
Figure 17 - OP079
For the 450 band, PCTEL offers the OP123, which is similar in style to the OP078H. Indoor RF Antenna Information PCTEL also offers a set of antennas for indoor use. They are short stub antennas. There are four models depending on the frequency band required.
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SeeGull LX scanning receiver Model GSM 850 GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 1900 GSM Dual-Band 850/1900 GSM Dual-Band 900/1800 cdma2000 - 850 cdma2000 - 1900 cdma2000 Dual-Band 850/1900 UMTS WCDMA - 1900 UMTS WCDMA - 2100 UMTS WCDMA Dual-Band 850/1900 Tri-Band GSM/WCDMA Dual-Mode GSM/WCDMA EV-DO - 850 EV-DO - 1900 EV-DO Dual-Band 850/1900 Dual-Mode cdma2000/EV-DO cdma2000 450 EV-DO 450 cdma2000 Japan
RX Band (Frequencies in MHz) 869 894 925 959 1805 1880 1930 1990 869-894/1930-1990 925-959/1805-1880 869 894 1930 - 1990 869-894/1930-1990 1930 1990 2110 2170 869-894/1930-1990 900/1800/2100 850/1900 869 894 1930 - 1990 869-894/1930-1990 850/1900 450 450 860-875/2110- 2170
Antenna Part Number OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP078H OP123 OP123 OP078H
Table 3 - Antennas for the SeeGull LX
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6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

At the time of release of this manual, the following FAQ questions were available:
SeeGull LX scanning receiver FAQ Q What scans can work for WCDMA in DBS mode? WCDMA with DBS only works in the RSSI CW and RSSI Wide mode (there is no supported 30KHz mode like GSM) and no other types of scans (data modes) can be active Is there any recommendation on using CDMA indoors without GPS and without the Network Timing option? The difference between any two consecutive (or not consecutive) pilots is time respective to the system reference. Time is defined in chips. Due to propagation delays, far away from a cell (>10 miles) it is possible that the delay is long enough (chips) for any pilot to be detected as the next one. This is the way CDMA networks are. When using the holdover option, the LX scanning receiver will deviate by one chip every so often due to timing errors. This is in addition to the chips of delay that are due to natural delays and change over time can contribute to the same result. A given pilot is detected as the next one after some time. This does not represent a problem on its own if the customer is aware and simply interprets the results accordingly. Additionally, the customer can go outside at any point during the test and allow the LX scanning receiver to obtain a new timing reference. 87 minutes is the worst case for pilot to move to the next pilot if the base station for this pilot is in proximity to the indoor measurement area. If the pilot is coming from further away, it can be less than 87 minutes based on the propagation delay from the measured based station to the indoor area that is surveyed. This problem is typically worked around in the field by
selecting all the pilots (TopN) or every n and n+1 pilot at the expense of the slower measurement rate. The time that will elapse before one pilot is detected and the next one will depend on room temperature and how much time the LX scanning receiver is allowed to obtain GPS reference prior to going indoors. In the worst of cases -one goes inside immediately after acquiring GPS- the pilot will be detected as the next one after about 80 minutes. Typically, it will be better especially if the LX scanning receiver is allowed to acquire GPS for a longer time before going inside a building. For CDMA 850 (869~894MH), do you measure chip offset of specified pilot in good resolution (eq, 1/16 chip or 1/8 chip resolution)? The CDMA 2000 LX scanning receiver provides a Pilot zoom (Temporal Analyzer) scan that measures the power per chip in a specific pilot. Pilot Scan and Top N Pilot Scan Pilot Delay data mode reports PN offset in chips. For CDMA 850 (869~894MH) do you measure Ec/Io of specified pilot? This is a standard feature of the Pilot scan. For CDMA 850 (869~894MH), do you measure RSSI? CDMA 850 measures RSSI CW (30kHz bandwidth) only. The CDMA 2000 LX scanning receiver can measure channel power using RSSI scan CW or Wide channel with 30 kHz and 1.25 MHz BW respectively. In addition to the Io-total 1.25MHz channel, power is measured and reported in Top N Pilot, Pilot, Code Domain, Pilot Zoom and Pilot Detail scans. For CDMA, is it possible to measure burst pilot [for case of 0.5sec ON, 1.5sec OFF]? The current product measures according to the CDMA 2000 (IS-2000) standard. If the pilot is punctured, it is not known how measurement accuracy or ability will be affected. For CDMA, is it possible to lock without GPS using an external even second signal?
Q A Q
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There is not a way to feed an external signal for timing into the radio. If measurement without GPS is necessary, the normal LX scanning receiver will hold over for a period until GPS can be established. PCTEL also has a holdover product, which can provide accurate results for hours of operation once GPS is lost (assuming GPS lock is first acquired). Release 3.0 of the CDMA 2000 LX scanning receiver will provide a GPS priority mode that will use GPS for timing when possible and if not it will use the strongest pilots sync channel to determine timing. What would be the effects of Aggregate when using the LX scanning receiver indoors? Using the LX scanning receiver Aggregate Ec/Io measurement indoors has same effect as using this measurement outdoors. Aggregate Ec/Io value reflects a specific multi path environment experienced indoors or outdoors. How is the Aggregate Ec/Io parameter reported by the pilot scan calculated? Aggregate Ec/Io is calculated in +/- 25 chips window from the Peak Ec/Io by aggregating all the Ec/Io components that cross user supplied PN Threshold. What is the difference between the "RSSI scan" and "Spectrum Analyzer" mode in the SeeGull LX WCDMA Scanning Receiver? The differences lie in the corresponding objectives and ways of implementation of the two modes. "RSSI scan" modus, on one hand, is used for obtaining average power in one of the two signal bandwidths of the LX scanning receiver. Accordingly, measures are taken to ensure high accuracy and stability of the results.
an erratic behavior due to the fast update rate and lack of averaging. In terms of implementation, the RSSI measurement uses analog and digital filters to select the right frequency band and subsequently measure total power. The SA measurement uses a segmented FFT approach that ensures various resolution bandwidths and fast update rates. Q Is the built-in GPS receiver needed for WCDMA? No. As is indicated in the product documentation, the LX scanning receiver will work in areas without GPS coverage, continuously. However, with the coverage, the LX scanning receiver provides an absolute time-offset measurement as well as navigation data for mapping. A In order to avoid any possible confusion, let us emphasize that the GPS receiver is always included in the LX scanning receiver, whether or not the customer is using it. The only exceptions are the GSM models that can be purchased without navigation, which have no GPS device included. Is the sec. sync for WCDMA also detected and measured in top N mode? Yes Are the WCDMA PSCH measurements averaged over certain timeslots? How many? Can the user define that? The PSCH measurement is always performed over 16 time slots. This is not configurable by the user. Are the secondary sync channels also detected and measured in top N mode for WCDMA? Yes. For the PSCH detection, you are distinguishing between "detectable" and "discernable". What is the difference?
Q A
Q A Q
Q A Q
The Spectrum Analysis is intended to provide a tool that shows a wealth of information about the signal spectrum that is not obtainable from the channel power measurement. Using Spectrum Analysis, one can analyze a fast-changing spectrum of an unstable transmitter, as an example. The RSSI measurement in this case will most often show a normal smooth picture, but the spectrum display, if used with an appropriate resolution bandwidth, will show
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The difference is as follows. The "detectable" signal is a signal that is positively found virtually every scan. The definition also implies the intrinsic step of (nonlinear) detection (decision, as in TopN). In practice, the criterion we use is 95% probability of detection. The notion of a "discernable" signal, on the other hand, is more "analogue" in nature. It hails from the era of CRT-based radars, where the phosphorescence of the screen served as the video integrator. The eye of the operator made the decision. Therefore, averaging is inherent in this definition, as well as a relatively subjective nature of the decision. In our case, we call a signal "discernable" in the case when we can "see" the presence of the signal over noise after averaging a few scans. No threshold is being applied to the measurement before averaging, which makes this parameter suitable in the case of "Pilot Scan" (as opposed to Top-N). In practice, the number of traces is 10, and the necessary SNR after averaging is set to 0.5 dB (that Why does the noise pedestal increase around strong carriers for WCDMA? For WCDMA signals above around -35 dBm, our radio will introduce attenuation to protect itself from overflow (overload). This attenuation causes increase in the radio noise floor. Without this, we would not be able to measure WCDMA signals up to -20 dBm. It will happen with the CW signals (that have lower crest factor than WCDMA signals). This noise floor behavior is typical for all spectrum analysis tools Why is peak PSCH and SSCH skewed toward lower values? PSCH is more susceptible to fading than CPICH. This opens a whole issue of how to post-process data, averaging in presence of fading, Lee criterion, etc. The nature of the beast is such that it skews the variation towards favoring lower values whenever degrading factors are present. As a minimum, do not attempt to average results expressed in decibels but in a linear domain instead. How can the measured WCDMA wide band RSSI be lower than -110dBm since the thermal noise floor is at -108dBm?
PCTEL can account for the thermal noise and eliminate it to some extent in the RSSI measurement. This enables us to measure RSSI at lower levels What is the description of DBS Windowing Issue (Useful for GPS Windowing)? The SeeGull LX radio running controller versions 1.13.2.2 and earlier, exhibits a pooling behavior with respect to Distance Based Sampling operation. The diagram below will be used to illustrate the problem (see picture enclosed). The first thing of interest is the Message Output waveform at the top of the diagram. When the SeeGull Lx is operating in 'triggered mode' (a.k.a. DBS Mode), the scanning receiver takes a measurement based on a user-defined distance. The measurements are buffered in the radio and output on 1.0-second intervals from the product (TE above). During a TE period, the number of measurements that occurred is based upon the desired sampling distance and the distance traveled during that time. For the purpose of this discussion, we will assume that the GPS information is aligned EXACTLY with the output messages. We will assume that the vehicle using the system is traveling at a constant velocity (zero acceleration) for the sake of this explanation. In reality, it is nearly impossible for a standard automobile to maintain exactly the same velocity at all times. The conclusions drawn herein are the same for non-zero accelerations, but we would have to use integration, which would needlessly complicate understanding of the issue. Using these assumptions, there is one speed for every desired distance interval (referred to here as the 'perfect velocity' or Vp) at which there will be exactly the same number of measurements taken and outputted in each message from the radio. Since the distance between measurements is also constant at a user-selected interval (DS), due to the DBS sensor, we can define the 'perfect time' (Tp) at which there
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will be exactly the same number of measurements taken and outputted in each message from the radio. The relationship between Vp and Tp would be Tp = Ds/Vp. This same relationship exists for all velocities and corresponding measurement periods. Now that we have detailed the 'perfect' cases, we can investigate the behavior that results when the information is directly plotted in a mapping package. The second waveform in the picture above shows the case where the velocity (V1) is greater than Vp. In this situation, the time between measurements will be less than the perfect time. This results in there occasionally being an Extra measurement in the output message, from time to time. In the diagram above, if we were traveling at Vp we would expect one measurement per output message. DBS 1 shows the case when on the third output message; we got two measurements returned in the output message. The number of output messages between the output messages with the extra measurement (NEM ) is given by: NEM = (V / Vp - 1)-1 The third waveform in the picture above shows the case where the velocity (V2) is less than Vp. In this situation, the time between measurements will be greater then the perfect time. This results in there occasionally being a missing measurement in the output message, from time to time. In the diagram above, if we were traveling at Vp we would expect one measurement per output message. DBS 2 shows the case when on the third output message; we got zero measurements returned in the output message. The number of output messages between the output messages with the missing measurement (NEM ) is given by: NMM = (Vp / V - 1)-1 Note that in both the cases above, if the speed being traveled is an integer multiple or divisor of the perfect velocity, then there will be no extra or missing measurements.
The issue with the extra/missing samples is most obvious when data points are plotted on a map in a product like MapInfo without using any interpolation. Since we can new GPS Data on every output message (due to our assumption above), we would label each point with the location in memory at the time the message is received in the host from the scanning receiver. The would result in the case of the missing output scenario (DBS 2) in a map that looks like its missing a point every once in a while. The way to address this when using distance-based sampling is to apply an algorithm to the returned measurements that using interpolation to place the measurement point at the appropriate point between the two GPS readings. The actual algorithm used is a matter of some discussion, and there are many choices depending upon the goal of the data collection. One simple example would be to assume a straight line between two GPS points, and space the number of measurements that occurred during that second equally along that line. For most cases, this is sufficient. If more accuracy of data location is necessary, than sources on interpolation can be consulted for algorithms that are more robust. Remember that due to the sensor, you can rely on the distance traveled between two measurements to be very nearly the specified distance. As a note, this same scenario can exist absent of DBS, due to GPS information being available only once a second. If there were multiple output messages between the GPS messages, then the simple algorithm would lump the measurements to the GPS location of the nearest preceding second. As with the DBS case above, interpolation can be used to spread the measurements out more realistically over the interval. Another common technique is 'binning', which takes ALL of the measurement and averages them to single point based upon overlaying a grid with the desired resolution.
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As can be seen above, this is a complex issue, and will change from configuration to configuration. This issue has not been addressed to date, and exists in all current versions of the product. Does the SeeGull LX WCDMA Scanning Receiver report 'delay' measurement? If you mean, can the customer measure the delay of the signal, the answer is Yes. Absolute time offset of a selected WCDMA pilot in chips is measured. Ranges of the time offset are from 0 to 38399. It is also possible to estimate the clock frequency offset of a Pilot by continuously observing Time Offset parameter change for a given Pilot. What is the difference in measurement speed between With PSCH and Without PSCH? With PSCH present: 525ms for one pilot. Without PSCH present: 60ms (minimum) for one pilot. Can the SeeGull LX WCDMA Scanning Receiver measure to correct for pilot pollution? Pilot pollution means there are more active pilot than a handset can measure (#pilot present > #rake receivers in the phone), so by looking at the pilot measurement of the carrier or the Top N measurement, if there are more pilots present than a UMTS handset can handle, then it indicates pilot pollution present. Thus, the WCDMA LX scanning receiver can help to identify the presence of pilot pollution. Does SeeGull LX Scanning Receiver present average RSSI values of the samples that it measures? If yes, how is this averaging done and over how many samples? The RSSI value an LX scanning receiver returns is a combination of direct sample average and other non-linear methods. It is more flavored towards instantaneous stable power than the average power. I would like to know more details how the LX scanning receiver is calculating the C/I values.
In the case of GSM, the LX scanning receiver is calculating C/I based on the FCCH burst. It measures correlated power of the FCCH burst C and total power Io for the same time window. C/I is than calculated as: C/I = C/(Io-C) GPS takes longer to lock than normal. If you have had your LX scanning receiver for about 2 years, then it may need to be returned to PCTEL for recalibration. The user will need to pay a calibration fee. How do you decode the GPS data to the proper format (degree, minute, second)? Our LX scanning receiver reports GPS Lat/Long in Radians... Please see legend below then the conversion to degrees / minutes / seconds: Legend: -------------D = Degrees M = Minutes S = Seconds .m = Decimal Minutes .s = Decimal Seconds DM.m = Degrees, Minutes, Decimal Minutes (eg. 45 22.6333) D.d = Degrees, Decimal Degrees (eg. 45.3772 ) DMS = Degrees, Minutes, Seconds (eg. 45 22'38") -----------------------------------------------Radians (taken from LX scanning receiver) * 57.2957795 = Degrees, Decimal Degrees (D.d) then D.d --> DM.m (45.3772 --> 45 22.6333) - Multiply .d by 60 to get M.m (.3772*60=22.6333) DM.m --> DMS (45 22.6333 --> 45 22'38") - Multiply .m by 60 to get S(.6333*60=38) We are doing scan for spectral clearance ( RF Ch RSSI Scan.), and on usage some of the times the spectrum window show error message "RF
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attenuation is automatically tuned on", As well the RSSI measured for a particular channel in spectrum window is not the same RSSI value measured for the same channel in RSSI window at a given time. Could you please clarify? The question here is why RF attenuation is automatically tuned on?
Frequency offset is removed from the received signal. Step3: Phase and amplitude estimation and removal. To correctly demodulate a digital color code, phase and amplitude distortion is estimated and removed from the received signal. Step4: Digital color code demodulation From the demodulated data symbols, digital color code information is derived. The steps described above are implemented in PCTEL iDEN receiver incorporating proprietary advanced signal processing techniques (including a PCTEL patent-pending frequency offset estimation method). PCTEL has a license for Motorola to gain the technical information necessary to develop this capability. Q What is the meaning of the Desensitization specification? The measurement accuracy of received signal strength in the desired bandwidth and at a desired center frequency is affected by the effective noise floor of the receiver in that bandwidth and center frequency. Every measurement of signal strength is distorted by the noise signal in the desired bandwidth. The level of noise signal power is determined by the effective noise floor of the receiver. For the signal strength estimation of the desired frequency Fo in the absence of adjacent channel interference the only distortion is due to the Noise floor. When adjacent channel interference signal at frequency F1 is added then the majority of the distortion is because of the leakage from F1 bandwidth to Fo bandwidth. If the leakage is high the there are more distortion to the signal strength measurement and hence the accuracy of the measurement suffers. When the desensitization is high the amount of leakage energy is reduced and more accurate signal strength measurement can be made. Receiver Sensitivity in Presence of Adjacent Channel Interference The receiver sensitivity is defined as the
RF attenuator is automatically turned on to prevent overflow in the unit, avoid nonlinear effects, and extend the dynamic range of unit at the expense of the noise figure degradation. This happens each time instantaneous (peak) power of the signals in the 5 MHz IF bandwidth crosses around -35 dBm. This is a normal behavior same as in any Spectrum Analyzer instrument, and should not be treated as a system error. There could be some measurement difference with or without RF attenuator been turned on, but the measurement error should be with in PCTEL specification of RSSI accuracy. How is DCC Decoded in the iDEN LX scanning receiver? PCTEL iDEN LX scanning receiver can successfully detect iDEN downlink signal and decode digital color code in iDEN wireless network. The decoding of digital color code is essential to differentiate multiple base stations transmitting on the same frequency. It can facilitate service provider in a variety of tasks, such as network planning, trouble shooting, interference management and QoS benchmarking.
There are four steps involved in the PCTEL iDEN LX scanning receiver to successfully detect digital color code: Step 1: Communication link time synchronization. Time synchronization on the communication link is achieved based on the received signal. Step2: Frequency offset estimation and removal. Frequency offset is frequently encountered due to clock drift, Doppler Effect, and asynchronous timing reference systems.
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lowest signal strength that can be measured in the desired bandwidth. In most of the practical scanning receivers, the HW is limiting factor of the receiver sensitivity. In figure 1, the receiver sensitivity is limited by the noise floor of the receiver in the absence of the adjacent channel interferer. Hence, the receiver can theoretically identify signal as low as the noise floor of the receiver. When adjacent channel interference is present then the lowest signal that can be identified is limited by the interference noise signal as shown in the figure 1. The receiver will not be able to identify any signal below this interfering noise signal, this reducing the effective sensitivity of the receiver. With a high desensitization level, the effective sensitivity of the receiver in presence of adjacent channel interference can be improved considerably. Demodulation Performance When a receiver has to demodulate the data from the desired bandwidth, the amount of interference becomes critically important. Higher the interference lower is the success rate in demodulating the modulated data symbols. Performance of other receiver functions like frequency and phase offset estimation, time alignment and channel estimation may degrade due to adjacent channel interference. The cumulative effect of all the above degradation is of lower decoding percentage of the modulated data symbols. Digital color codes are transmitted by cellular base station, to identify themselves to a mobile receiver. These digital color codes are represented by modulated data symbols. The detection percentage of digital color code will be severely affected in the presence of high adjacent channel interference as described in previous paragraph, if receiver does not has a high desensitization level. With a high desensitization, a receiver can maintain high decoding percentage even in the presence of adjacent channel interference. High desensitization also helps the receiver in decoding at lower signal strength even in the presence of
high adjacent channel interference.
If the FAQ list does not answer your question or resolve the problem, please contact our customer support, at: +1 (240) 460-8833.
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7. Support
This section provides support information, including PCTEL, RF Solutions Group contacts, warranty information, calibration notice, and technical specifications. Contact Information
Phone Numbers
Departments
MARKETING/PRODUCT FEEDBACK CUSTOMER SUPPORT / RMA REQUESTS QUALITY MANAGER SALES
Contact Information
+1-301-444-2006 +1-240-460-8833 +1-301-444-2045 +1-301-515-0036
Table 4 - Phone Numbers
Email Addresses
Departments
PRODUCT FEEDBACK CUSTOMER SUPPORT / RMA REQUESTS QUALITY MANAGER SALES
Contact Information
PRODUCTFEEDBACK@PCTEL.COM
SUPPORT.RFSG@PCTEL.COM
QUALITY.RFSG@PCTEL.COM
RFS.SALES@PCTEL.COM
Table 5 - Email Addresses
receives written notice of the defect during the warranty period. The expense of removal and reinstallation of any item(s) of equipment is not included in this warranty. This warranty shall only apply to the Product purchased or licensed and shall not apply to any other equipment and its removal and reinstallation. THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Repair or replacement in the manner provided above shall be the sole and exclusive remedy of Buyer for breach of warranty and shall constitute fulfillment of all liabilities of PCTEL with respect to the quality and performance of the Products. PCTEL shall have no obligation to make repairs or replacement necessitated by catastrophe, fault, negligence, misuse, abuse, or accident of Buyer or other users. IN NO EVENT SHALL PCTEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES TO BUYER OR ANY THIRD PARTY ARISING OUT OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OR ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT WHETHER THE DEFECT IS WARRANTED AGAINST OR NOT, WHETHER THE CLAIM IS BASED UPON CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, NOR SHALL PCTEL BE LIABLE TO BUYER FOR ANY AMOUNT EXCEEDING THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT. Warranty Procedures
Warranty Information WARRANTY PCTEL warrants that the Product will be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment under normal use and operation. PCTELs sole and exclusive obligation under the foregoing warranty shall be, at its option, to repair or replace any defective Product, which fails during the warranty period, provided that PCTEL
See Return Material Authorization (RMA) Process further below. Calibration Notice Note: It is highly recommended to have the SeeGull Scanning Receiver recalibrated every year. PCTEL recommends a yearly re-calibration of its scanning receivers. This
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recommendation is based on our understanding of various factors that may affect accuracy of the measurement results. The following factors have been identified as potential sources of accuracy degradation: crystal oscillators aging; amplifier stages gain drift; LC and ceramic filters part value change (due to aging, as an example). Although our experience has been that in most cases the units coming back for recalibration are still well in the specified accuracy margin, in some cases recalibration is necessary. The SeeGull scanning receivers are calibrated for several sources of variations including amplitude levels, ambient temperature, input frequency, and internal noise levels for narrow and wide channel bandwidths. The calibration parameters are stored as single values or arrays in the LX scanning receivers non-volatile memory. Automated test and calibration stations use proprietary software which performs the process with no or minimum human intervention. The calibration process is followed by a fully automated production test. The test results are stored in a central quality database and they are extracted and used for periodic quality audits. Every unit that passes the calibration and test process successfully receives a Certificate of Calibration. This Certificate is shipped back with the unit. The complexity of the calibration process precludes field calibration. It is highly recommended that PCTELs scanning receivers be returned to the factory annually to maintain the units exceptional measurement capability.
NOTICE: There are no user serviceable parts inside the SeeGull Receiver. Any tampering with the components within the unit will void any applicable warranties. All repairs must be performed by PCTEL in accordance to the procedure outlined below: 1. Complete the RMA form on the website at: http://rfsolutions.pctel.com/rfs_rma_form.cgi Alternatively, you can provide the information (your name and contact information, the companys name and address, the SeeGull scanning receivers serial number and model number. Also, include a description of the problem. This information can either be: Faxed to: +1 (301) 515-0037 (or) Emailed to: SUPPORT.RFSG@PCTEL.COM
2. A response including an RMA number and in-warranty or out-of-warranty information will be provided within 24 hours, or the next working day. 3. Please ship the SeeGull scanning receiver to: PCTEL, Inc. RF Solutions Group Attn: RMA Coordinator 20410 Observation Drive, Suite 200 Germantown, MD 20876 +1 240.460.8833 4. Please reference PCTELs RMA number on all shipping documentation. Note: SeeGull scanning receivers shipped without an RMA number may be returned to the customer without the unit being repaired.
Procedure for Returning a SeeGull LX scanning receiver for Repair:
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8. PCTEL, RF Solutions Group Product Offering

This section describes all of the different scanning receivers that PCTEL offers in its product line along with Software options, Hardware options, Accessories, and Support. For further information please contact your PCTEL sales or marketing representative. LX Scanning Receivers
DUAL-BAND SeeGull LX Scanning Receivers Ordering Code 06012 06020 06020N 06023 06023N 06052 06056 Product Name Dual-Band CDMA2000 850/1900 Dual-Band GSM 850/1900 Dual-Band GSM 850/1900 w/ Navigation Dual-Band GSM 900/1800 Dual-Band GSM 900/1800 w/ Navigation Dual-Band EV-DO 850/1900 Dual-Band CDMA 2000 JAPAN 2100/850 Dual-Band iDEN 800/900 w/ DCC and SQE decoding Platform LX
06033
06034
06035 06036
06037 06038 06060 06061
LX LX LX LX LX LX
06062 06065 06066
Dual-Mode TriBand CDMA 850/1900 EV-DO 1900 Dual-Mode Quad Band CDMA 850/1900 EV-DO 850/1900 Dual-Mode CDMA/EV-DO 850 Dual-Mode CDMA/EV-DO 1900 Dual-Band WCDMA 1900/2100 Dual-Mode CDMA/EV-DO 450 Dual-Band WCDMA 850/2100 Tri-Band WCDMA 850/1900/2100 Quad-Band WCDMA 850/900/1800/1900 Quad-Band GSM 850/900/1800/1900 Tri-Band WCDMA 850/900/2100
LX
LX
LX LX
LX LX LX LX LX LX LX
SINGLE PROTOCOL SeeGull LX scanning receiver Models Ordering Code 06007 06010 Product Name UMTS WCDMA 1800 CDMA2000 850 CDMA2000 1900 CDMA2000 450 GSM 850 GSM 850 w/ Navigation GSM 1900 GSM 1900 w/ Navigation GSM 900 GSM 900 w/ Navigation Platform LX LX LX LX LX LX LX LX LX LX
06026S
LX
06011 06013 06021 06021N 06022 06022N 06024 06024N
MULTIPLE PROTOCOL SeeGull LX Scanning Receivers Ordering Code 06032 Product Name Dual-Mode TriBand CDMA 850/1900 EV-DO 850 Platform
LX
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Revision X
06025 06025N 06050 06051 06054
GSM 1800 GSM 1800 w/ Navigation EV-DO 850 EV-DO 1900 EV-DO 450
LX LX LX LX LX OP028 Ordering Code OP056
Hardware Options Product Name CDMA2000 Holdover Option Distance Based Sampling Kit Accessories Platform LX LX
Options & Accessories

Software Options Ordering Code OP010 OP011 OP012 OP013 OP043 Product Name GSM BCCH Type 3 (Single-Band) GSM BCCH Type 3 (Dual-Band) GSM C/I (SingleBand) GSM C/I (DualBand) CDMA2000 Code Domain Option (Single-Band) CDMA2000 Code Domain Option (Dual-Band) Layer 3 Decoding CDMA2000 Single Band Layer 3 Decoding CDMA2000 Dual Band Sync Channel Timing CDMA2000 Single Band Sync Channel Timing CDMA2000 Dual Band Sync Channel Timing CDMA2000 Japan Platform LX LX LX LX
Ordering Code OP021
Product Name Power/232 Cable; Car-Lighter Termination 16 Feet Power/232 Cable; Battery Pack Termination 16 Feet Universel Input AC/12VDC Adapter Power/232 Cable; car-lighter termination 6 Feet Indoor Kit Single Band Receiver Battery Kit Single Band Receiver Battery Kit TriBand Dual Mode Receiver Spare Battery cable and bag Single Band Receiver Spare Battery cable and bag Tri-Band Dual Mode Receiver Spare Battery Indoor Kit TriBand Dual Mode Receiver Spare Battery Charger Power Cord, US
Platform
LX
OP022
LX
OP024
LX
OP060 LX OP119 LX OP124 OP125
LX
LX LX LX
OP044
OP066
LX
OP067
LX
OP126
LX
OP070
LX OP127 OP128 OP129 LX OP137
LX
OP071
LX
LX
OP071J
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Revision X
OP138
Spare Battery Charger Power Cord, EU Spare Battery Charger Power Cord, UK Data Cable; Metal, MM2 6 Feet Data Cable; Metal, MM2 w/ DBS 6 Feet Antennas LX LX
Support Options Ordering Code OPS05 Product Name Full Calibration, SeeGull SingleBand Scanning Receiver Full Calibration, SeeGull DualBand Scanning Receiver 1 Yr Extended Warranty: SeeGull Single Band Scanning Receiver 1 Yr Extended Warranty: SeeGull Dual-Band Scanning Receiver 1 Yr Extended Warranty: SeeGull Multi-Mode Scanning Receiver Full Calibration, SeeGull MultiMode Scanning Receiver Extended Calibration Report, SeeGull SingleBand Scanning Receiver Extended Calibration Report, SeeGull DualBand Scanning Receiver Extended Calibration Report, SeeGull MultiMode Scanning Receiver Platform
OP139 OP146 OP150
OPS06
Ordering Code OP034H
OPS14 Platform
Product Name Antenna, GPS, High Gain Magnetic Mount Antenna, 698-2300 MHz Multi-Band Mag Mount, High Performance Antenna, 690-920 MHz Multi-Band Mag Mount w/ GPS Antenna, 698-2300 MHz Multi-Band Permanent Mount, High Performance Antenna, 450MHz Mag Mount Indoor Antenna, 900 / 1800 MHz Indoor Antenna, 850 / 1900 MHz Indoor Antenna, 2100 MHz Indoor Antenna, 450 MHz Replacement Mag Mount Base, High Performance Replacement Mag Mount Base w/ GPS
OPS15
OP078H
OPS47
OP079
OPS48
OP086H
OP123 OP133 OP134 OP135 OP136 OP212H
OPS52
OPS53
OPS54
OP213
Notes: 1. Standard Lead-time is 30 Days 2. *** Please Check with Your PCTEL Sales Representative for Leadtime Information.
Page 32
Revision X
About RF Solutions Group

PCTELs RF Solutions Group is a leading supplier of high-speed, multi-standard, demodulating receivers and other test and measurement solutions. These products and solutions are recognized throughout the wireless industry for world class performance and quality. They are used by leading drive test system OEMs, network operators, and engineering services companies to measure, monitor and optimize cellular networks.
About PCTEL, Inc.

PCTEL simplifies wireless broadband mobility. The company builds products that simplify wireless access to the Internet, optimize cellular networks, and facilitate seamless roaming across wireless service providers. PCTEL also manufactures specialized antennas that facilitate wireless communication. PCTEL is noted for its solid base of financial stability, intellectual property, global distribution, and experienced management. PCTELs strong foundation gives its product groups, Broadband Technology and Mobility Solutions, the support required to continue developing innovative wireless solutions.
Wireless Solutions Interference & Propagation Measurements Data Collection Systems Scanning Receivers Market Analysis Base Station Monitoring Custom & OEM Solutions Wireless Applications Network Optimization Co-channel Interference Indoor Test & Measurement Coverage Testing
PCTEL, RF Solutions Group 20410 Observation Drive, Suite 200 Germantown, MD 20876 USA Voice: 301.515.0036 Fax: 301.515.0037 www.pctel.com
Specification Subject to Change Without Notice.
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SeeGull LX Scanning Receiver Hardware Reference Manual

Rev X December 2009

SeeGull LX Scanning Receiver Hardware Reference Manual

PCTEL, RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Scanning Receiver Hardware Reference Manual

SeeGull LX High-Speed Scanning Receiver Hardware Reference Manual

Single Receiver Protocols and Bands Supported:

Dual Receiver Protocols and Bands Supported:

Document Number: 100004-00 Rev. X

PCTEL, RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

PCTEL, RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

PCTEL, RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

PCTEL, RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

1. Overview and System Requirements

Figure 1 - SeeGull LX scanning receiver with GPS

Figure 2 - SeeGull LX Multiple Technology Receiver

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

RF GPS Antenna Antenna

Figure 3 - Top-Level Block Diagram

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

GPS Antenna Input

RS-232 Data/Power Connector

Figure 4 - Front View of SeeGull LX scanning receiver Showing Connections

Mounts either Magnetically or Mechanically to Vehicle

Figure 5 - Distance Based Sampling Option

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

The SeeGull LX supports numerous channels.

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

Figure 7 Cable RS-232 Power/Connector (male)

Figure 6 - Typical SeeGull LX System

Pin 5 Pin 9 Pin 3

Figure 8 - Chassis RS-232 Power/Connector (female)

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

your PCTEL sales representative for more information.

SMA SeeGull LX Receiver

SMB Figure 10 - Display from InSite LX Software Package (Option)

Figure 9 - Typical System Configuration Block Diagram

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents

SMA Connector from Antenna

Figure 12 - Attaching the Antenna to Receiver

Side of Receiver (Typical Both Sides)

Mounting Holes (8 Total) Front of Receiver

Mounting Holes (8 Total)

SMB Connector from GPS Antenna

Figure 11 - Mounting Holes for Rack Mounting

Insertion from Chassis Exterior 0.110 inches (0.28 cm)

PCTEL RF Solutions Group

SeeGull LX Manual: Table of Contents