Bi 2:

C = 160 + 0,6
I = 150
G = 150
T = 100
a) Tnh GDP cn bng:
Gi nh rng xut khu v nhp khu bng khng, ta c:
Y=C+I+G
Y=

Y T) + + G

Y (1- c1) = c0 +

+ G c1T

Y=

( c0 + + G c1T)

Y=

( 160 + 150 + 150 0,6 . 160 )

Y = 1000
b) Thu nhp kh dng:
YD = Y T = 1000 100 = 900
c) Chi tiu dng:
C = 160 + 0,6 YD =160 + 0,6 . 900 = 700
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 2: Cu tin
M d = Y $( 0.35 I )

a. Khi li sut 5%
M d =Y $( 0.35 I ) = 60000 * (0.35 0.05 ) =18000

Cu tri phiu: 50000+60000-18000=92000

Khi li sut 10%
M d =Y $( 0.35 I ) = 60000 * (0.35 0.1) =15000

Cu tri phiu: 50000+60000-15000=95000

b. Khi li sut tng th cu tin gim xungv cu tri phiu tng ln. iu ny ng
vi l thuyt
c. Gi thit rng li sut l 10% khi thu nhp gim 50% th cu tin ca c ta gim
xung 50%
d. Gi thit rng li sut l 5% khi thu nhp gim 50% th cu tin ca c ta gim
xung 50%
e. Khi thu nhp tng th cu tin tng v ngc li trong iu kin li sut khng i
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 4:
Md = Y$ (0,25 i)
Y$ = 100$
Md = 20$
a. i = ?
20 = 100 (0,25 i)
i = 0,05
Vy li sut khi cn bng trn th trng ti chnh l 5%.
b.

i = 2% Md = 100 x (0,25 0,02) = 23 $

Cn bng trn th trng ti chnh nn cu tin = cung tin = 23 $
i = 12% Md = 100 x (0,25 0,12) = 13 $
Cn bng trn th trng ti chnh nn cu tin = cung tin = 13 $
Vy cung tin gim 23 13 = 10$
Tng qut:
Cn bng trn th trng ti chnh nn cu tin = Md
i = 10% cung tin = Md = Y$ x i = 100$ x 10% = 10$
Vy khi li sut tng 10% th cung tin gim 10$.
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 6:

Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 2:
a. Chnh ph gim chi tiu G, do G khng xut hin trong mi quan h LM nn G khng
tc ng n ng LM.
i vi ng IS, G gim tc ng ln sn lng lm gim sn lng do lm ng IS
dch chuyn sng bn tri t IS sang IS
Gi ng IS mi v ng LM khng i, ti im A, sn lng gim t Y xung Y.
Li sut gim t I xung I. Nh vy, khi ng IS dch chuyn nn kinh t dch chuyn
dc ng LM, t A n A
i vi vic gim G tc ng n I m h bi v
Mt mt, sn lng thp hn c ngha l doanh thu thp hn v u t thp hn. Mt khc,
li sut thp hn u t li cao hn. Chng ta khng th ni tc ng no tri hn bi nu
u t ch ph thuc vo li sut th u t chc chn s tng. Nu u t ch ph thuc vo
doanh thu, u t chc chn s gim. Tuy nhin u t ph thuc vo c li sut v doanh
thu, nn vic chnh ph gim chi tiu G, khng nht thit dn n u t gim, li hay hi
cho I trong ngn hn
b. Tnh sn lng cn bng
Ta c Y = C (Y-T)+ I(Y, i) + G
Y= c0 + c1 (Y-T)+ b0 + bY- b2i +G
Y= c0 + (c1+b) Y c1T + b0 b2i + G
(1-c1-b)Y = c0 c1T + b0 b2i + G
Y=

(1)

M/P = YL(i)
M/P=d1Y d2 i
d1Y = M/P +d2i
Y=
b. iu kin cn bng
(1) = (2)

=
(c0 c1T +b0 +G)d1 - M/P (1-c1-b) = [d2 (1-c1-b) + b2d1] i
i=

(3)

Th cc d liu bi cho vo (3) ta s tim c li sut i

Th i vo I s tnh c u t
Th I vo (2) s tnh c Y
d. Tnh u t
Th Y v i vo I = b0 + b1Y b2i ta s tnh c I
e. Khng th kt lun c Vi cc iu kin trn, i vi cc tham s ca m hnh
trn, u t tng khi G gim.
f. Vi cc iu kin trn, i vi cc tham s ca m hnh trn, u t tng khi G
gim ch khi G gim n mc lm Y gim nhiu hn so vi s gim ca li sut.
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 3:
A, Tm phng trnh ng IS
Y= C + I + G = 200 + 0.25( Y-200) + 150 + 0.25Y -1000i + 250
= 200 + 0.25Y 50 + 150 + 0.25Y 1000i + 250
= 550 1000i + 0.5Y
Y= 1100 2000i
B, Tm phng trnh ng LM
1600 = 2Y 8000i
Y= 800 + 4000i
D, Tnh li sut cn bng
Li sut cn bng c tnh t phng trnh IS=LM
1100-2000i = 800 + 4000i
=> i= 5%
C, Tnh sn lng cn bng
Sn lng cn bng c tnh t phng trnh IS=LM
Ycb= 800 + 4000x0.05 = 1000
E, Tnh gi tr cn bng C v I
C= 200 + 0.25 (Y-T) = 200 + 0.25(1000-200) = 400
I= 150 + 0.25Y 1000i = 150 + 0.25x1000 -1000x0.05 = 350
Tnh li gi tr Y
Y= C + I + G = 400 + 350 + 150 = 1000
F, Cung tin tng ln M/P=1840. Tnh li Y,i,C,I v gii thch bng li
ng LM lc ny: 1840 = 2Y 8000i => Y= 920 + 4000i
Li sut cn bng i : 1100 2000i = 920 + 4000i => i= 0.03
Sn lng cn bng Y: Y=920 + 4000x0.03 = 1040
Tiu dng h gia nh C : C= 200 + 0.25(Y-T)= 200 + 0.25(1040-200)= 410
u t I : I= 150 + 0.25Y -1000i= 150 + 0.25x1040 -1000x0.03= 380
Gii thch bng li : Khi lng cung tin tng lm cho li sut cn bng i gim
xung, do chi ph u vo gim nn u t I tng. Do I tng nn sn lng Y cng
tng ln, iu ny lm tng tiu dng C.
G, G=400. Tm tt cc chnh sch ngn sch m rng ln Y,i v C

Vi mc M/P nh c, G tng ln 400, th trng cn bng ti :

1250 2000i = 800 + 4000i
=> i= 0.075
Sn lng cn bng mi : Y= 800 + 4000x0.075= 1100
Tiu dng h gia nh lc ny : C= 200 + 0.25(Y-T)= 200 + 0.25(1100-200)= 425
Tm tt cc chnh sch ngn sch m rng ngn sch : Khi cung tin khng tng,
vic tng chi tiu G ca chnh ph trc tip tc ng lm tng tng cu Y, dn n
tiu dng C cng tng ln, ko theo li sut i cng tng.
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 2:
Cu hi: S dng m hnh AS-AD c xy dng trong chng ny, hy trnh by cho thy cc tc ng
ca nhng c sc sau y vi v tr ca cc ng IS, LM, AD v AS trong trung hn. K , cho thy tc
ng i vi sn lng v mc gi cng trong trung hn. Gi nh rng trc khi c nhng htay i, nn
kinh t mc sn lng t nhin.
a) Gia tng lng tin ca ngi tiu dng
b) Gia tng thu
Bi gii:
a) Gia tng lng tin ca ngi tiu dng
Khi lng tin ngi tiu dng tng, ngi tiu dng c xu hng tiu dng nhiu hn v tit kim t i do s
kh quan v nim tin s lm cho:
- C : chi tiu h gia nh tng ng dch chuyn sang phi ca ng IS tng sn lng tng v li
sut tng.
Li sut -r

LM

IS

r1
r*

y1

y*

y2

Thu nhp, sn lng -Y

Ban u, khi mc li sut l r* ti im cn bng, mc sn lng s l mc sn lng cn bng y*. Sauk hi

nim tin ca ngi tiu dng tng, dn ti li sut s tng ln mc r1>r*. Khi , im thu nhp cn bng
cho th trng hng ha l y1, nhng im cn bng trn th trng tin t l y2 lng cung tin cao ti
mc no s lm cho li sut gim. S dch chuyn ny s n mt mc no s a th trng tin t
v hng ha n li mc cn bng.
b) Gia tng thu

S nhn thu trong m hnh Keynes cho thy ng vi mt mc li sut cho trc, tng thu s lm thu
nhp gim mt lng bng T x [-MPC/(1 MPC)] do vy s tc ng n kinh t nh sau:

ng IS dch chuyn sang tri mt khong bng gi tr ny. Trng thi cn bng ca nn kinh t di
chuyn t im A n im B. Thu tng lm gim li sut t r1 n r2 v lm gim thu nhp quc gia
t Y1 n Y2. Tiu dng gim v thu nhp kh dng gim; u t tng v li sut gim.

Li sut -r

R1
R2

LM

A
B
Y

IS 1
IS 2
Thu nhp, sn lng -Y

Y = YT x [- MPC/(1 MPC)]

Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 2:
a/
ut

u t 1

= -0.4 ( g yt - 3%)

t t-1 = - ( u t - 5%)
=

g yt

g mt

- t

nh lut Okun
ng Phillips
Tng cu

T l tht nghip t nhin ca nn kinh t l

Phillips

un

= 5 % theo cng thc ng

b/
T l tht nghip

ut

= t l tht nghip t nhin

un

=5%

T l lm pht t = 8 %
Do t l tht nghip bng t l tht nghip t nhin => t l tng trng thc t bng
t l tng trng bnh thng
=3%

g yt

Thay s vo cng thc Tng cu ta c

=>

g yt

+ t =

g mt

= 3 % + 8 % = 11 %

g mt

c/
Gi s nhng iu kin trong cu b vn ng, vy ta c:
Nm t - 1:
u t 1

=5%

t-1

= 8%

Nm t:
t

= 4%

Theo cng thc ng Phillips: t t-1 = - ( u t - 5%)

=>

ut

=9%

Theo cng thc nh lut Okun:

u t 1

g mt

- t

ut

= -0.4 ( g yt - 3%)

=> 4 % = -0.4 ( g yt - 3%
=>

= -7 %

g yt

Theo cng thc Tng cu:

=>

g mt

g yt

= -7 + 4 = -3 %

Nm t+1:
t+1

= 4%

Theo cng thc ng Phillips: t+1 t = - ( ut +1 - 5%)

=>

ut +1

=5%

Theo cng thc nh lut Okun:

ut +1 - u t

= -0.4 ( g yt +1 - 3%)

=> -4 % = -0.4 ( g yt - 3%
=>

= 13 %

g yt +1

Theo cng thc Tng cu:

=>

g mt

g yt

g mt

- t

= 13 + 4 = 16 %

Nm t+2:
t+2

= 4%

Theo cng thc ng Phillips: t+2 - t+1 = - ( ut +2 - 5%)

=>

ut +2

=5%

Theo cng thc nh lut Okun:

ut +2 - ut +1

= -0.4 ( g yt +2 - 3%)

=> 0 = -0.4 ( g yt - 3%
=>

g yt +2

=3%

Theo cng thc Tng cu:

=>

g mt

g yt

g mt

- t

=3+4=7%
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 3:
Gi s nn kinh t c th c m t bi 3 ng thc sau:
ut ut-1 = - 0.4 ( gyt - 3% )

nh lut Okun

t t-1 = - (ut 5%)

ng Phillips

gyt = gmt - t

Tng cu

a. Gim 3 ng thc xung cn 2 bng cch thay gyt trong ng thc tng cu vo
nh lut Okun. Gi nh ban u rng ut = ut-1 = 5%, gmt = 13% v t = 10%. By
gi gi s rng mc tng tin t nm nay c gim t 13% xung cn 0% mi mi.
b. Tnh tc ng vi tht nghip v lm pht nm nay v nm ti.
c. Tnh cc gi tr ca tht nghip v lm pht trong trung hn.
Bi lm
T nh lut Okun v ng Phillips, c th rt ra
T l tng trng tim nng gp = 3%
T l tht nghip t nhin un = 5%
a.

Thay gyt vo nh lut Okun rt gn thnh 2 m hnh

Nn kinh t c m t li vi 2 m hnh sau:

ut ut-1 = -0.4 * ( gmt - t - 3%)

(1)

t t-1 = - (ut 5%)

(2)

b. T l tht nghip, t l lm pht nm nay v nm ti

Phng trnh (1), (2) khi gmt = 0%
ut ut-1 = 0.4 * (t + 3%)

(3)

t t-1 = - (ut 5%)

(4)

Cc gi nh ban u, nm (t-1)
gm,t-1 = 13%
gmt = 0%
t-1 = 10%
ut-1 = 5%
b. 1. Nm t
thay cc gi tr nm (t-1), v gii h phng trnh (3), (4) ta c
ut - 0.4 * t = 6.2%
ut + t = 15%

T l lm pht nm nay (nm t)

t = 6.3 %

T l tht nghip nm nay (nm t)

ut = 8.7 %

b. 2. Nm t+1
Thay kt qu t l tht nghip v t l lm pht ca nm t vo h phng trnh (3),
(4) v gii h phng trnh ta c:
ut+1 - 0.4 * t+1 = 9.9%
ut+1 + t+1 = 11.3%
T l lm pht nm sau (nm t+1)

t = 1 %

T l tht nghip nm sau (nm t+1) ut = 10.3 %

c. Gi tr ca tht nghip v lm pht trong trung hn.
Vi vic ct gim mc tng cung tin t xung cn 0%, lm pht gim dn, tuy
nhin, v trung v di hn lm pht khng gim mi mi. Trong nhng nm u, t
l tht nghip cn phi tng cao hn mc tht nghip t nhin cho lm pht gim.
Sau , lm pht bt u tng tr li. cho tht nghip tr v mc t nhin ca
n.
Nh vy, v trung hn th t l tht nghip bng tht nghip t nhin u=5%
T l tng trng bng t l tng trng tim nng gy = 3%
Khi , t l lm pht l t = gm - gy = 0% - 3% = -3%
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 2:
Gi s hm sn xut ca nn kinh t l Y = K N 1 (Hm sn xut ny c gi
l hm sn xut Cobb Douglas). Chng ta cho =1/2. Gi s by gi =1/3.
a. Hm sn xut ny c c trng l sinh li khng i theo quy m phi khng?
Gii thch.
b. C sinh li gim dn theo vn khng?
c. C sinh li gim dn theo lao ng khng?
d. Hy chuyn hm sn xut ny thnh mi quan h gia sn lng trn u
cng nhn v vn trn u cng nhn.
e. Vi t l tit kim (s) v t l khu hao ( ) cho trc, hy cho thy biu thc
v vn trn u cng nhn trng thi dng.
f. Hy cho thy biu thc v sn lng trn u cng nhn trng thi dng.
g. Tm mc sn lng trn u cng nhn trng thi dng khi =0,08 v s =
0,32.
h. Gi s rng t l khu hao vn khng i mc =0,08, trong khi t l tit
kim gim xung cn mt na s = 0,16; chuyn g s xy ra vi mc sn
lng trn u cng nhn trng thi dng.
GII
a. Hm sn xut ny c c trng l sinh li khng i theo quy m phi
khng? Gii thch.
Gi s by gi =1/3, nn hm sn xut ca nn kinh t l :
Y = K1/3N2/3, t hm sn xut ta thc hin mt php bin i nh sau: (zK)1/3
(zN)2/3 = zK1/3N2/3 = zY (vi z > 0).
Nh vy, nu ta gia tng gp i nhp lng (vn v lao ng) th sn lng s tng
gp i.
Kt lun: y l hm sn xut c c trng sinh li khng i theo quy m.
b. C sinh li gim dn theo vn khng?
Ta gi s tr lng vn c tng ln 8 ln v gi nguyn lao ng, sn lng
s thay i: (8K)1/3 N2/3 = 2K1/3 N2/3 = 2Y.
Do , tr lng vn tng gp 8 ln, gi nguyn yu t sn xut cn li, sn
lng ch tng ln gp i. iu ny c ngha lm sn xut c sinh li gim dn theo
vn.
c. C sinh li gim dn theo lao ng khng?

Ta gi s lao ng c tng ln 6 ln v gi nguyn vn, sn lng s thay

i: K1/3 (8N)2/3 = (K1/3)4N2/3 = 4Y.
Do , lao ng tng gp 8 ln, gi nguyn yu t sn xut cn li, sn lng
ch tng ln 4 ln. iu ny c ngha lm sn xut c sinh li gim dn theo lao
ng.
d. Hy chuyn hm sn xut ny thnh mi quan h gia sn lng trn u
cng nhn v vn trn u cng nhn.
T hm sn xut Y = K1/3N2/3, ta c th vit li di dng quan h hm sn
xut gia sn lng trn u cng nhn ( y hay Y/N) v vn trn u cng nhn (k
hay K/N):
Y/N = (K1/3N2/3)/N
=> Y/N = (K/N)1/3
=> y = (k)1/3
e. Vi t l tit kim (s) v t l khu hao ( ) cho trc, hy cho thy biu thc
v vn trn u cng nhn trng thi dng.
trng thi dng ta c: sf(K/N) = K/L, hay l sf(k) = k.
Vi hm sn xut cho trn: y = k1/3 ta c k* = (s/ )3/2.
f. Hy cho thy biu thc v sn lng trn u cng nhn trng thi dng.
Vi hm sn xut cho trn: y = k1/3 ta c k* = (s/ )3/2.
Cho nn: y* = (s/ )1/2
g. Tm mc sn lng trn u cng nhn trng thi dng khi =0,08 v s =
0,32.
Thay s liu vo cng thc sau: y* = (s/ )1/2 = (0,32/0,08)1/2 = 2.
h. Gi s rng t l khu hao vn khng i mc =0,08, trong khi t l tit
kim gim xung cn mt na s = 0,16; chuyn g s xy ra vi mc sn lng
trn u cng nhn trng thi dng.
Thay s liu vo cng thc sau: y* = (s/ )1/2 = (0,16/0,08)1/2 = 21/2
Nh vy, mt t l tit kim thp hn dn n mt mc sn lng bnh qun trn
u cng nhn thp hn.

Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 3:
Gi s rng hm sn xut ca mt nn kinh t l Y=K1/3 N2/3 v c t l tit kim (s)
v t l khu hao ( ) u bng 0,10
a. Mc vn trn u cng nhn trng thi dng l bao nhiu?

Y =K N 3
s = = 0.1
1

Chia c 2 v phng trnh cho N

1

Y
K N
K33
=
=
N
N N 13
3

K
=
N

Phng trnh m t s tin trin ca vn trn u cng nhn

K t+1
N

K
Kt s * =3 K t
* t
N
N
N

trng thi dng v tri = 0, mc vn trn u cng nhn l

s* 3

K
=
N

K
*
N

K
s3 * =
N

K S
=

*3

K
N
0 .1
=
0 .1

b. Mc sn lng trn u cng nhn trng thi dng l bao nhiu?

Y
=
N

K
N

S0.1
=
1 =
0.1

Gi s rng nn kinh t t c trng thi dng trong thi gian t v sau trong
thi gian t+1 t l khu hao tng gp i bng 0.20
c. Tm mc vn v sn lng trn u cng nhn trng thi dng mi l bao
nhiu.
3

1/ 2

S
K1
0 .1
1
=
=
=
N
0 .2
8
2

= 0.354

Y1 3 K1 3
=
= 0.354 = 0.707
N
N

d. Tnh cc mc vn v sn lng trn u cng nhn trong 3 thi gian u

sau khi thay i t l khu hao.
Gi

K2 K3 K4
;
;
N N N

Gi

Y2 Y3 Y4
;
;
N N N

l mc vn trn u cng nhn thi gian 1,2,3

l mc sn lng trn u cng nhn thi gian 1,2,3

Ta c:
K 2 K1
Y
K

= S 1 1 = 0.1 * 0.707 0.2 * 0.354 = 0.0707 0.0708 = 0.0001

N
N
N
N

Vy

K2
= 0.354 0.0001 = 0.3539
N

K3
K
Y
= (1 ) 2 + S 2 = (1 0.2) * 0.3539 + 0.1 * 3 0.3539 = 0.28312 + 0.0707 = 0.35382
N
N
N
K
Y
K4
= (1 ) 3 + S 3 = (1 0.2) * 0.35382 + 0.1 * 3 0.35382 = 0.283056 + 0.07073 = 0.353786
N
N
N

Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 5:
a) Tm gi tr trng thi dng ca:
* Lng tn vn trn mi cng nhn hiu dng K/AN
Ta c:
Y= (K)1/2(NA)1/2 Suy ra: Y/AN= (K/AN)1/2(NA/AN)1/2 = (K/AN)1/2
Mt khc: T l khu hao l 10% , gA= 4% v gN = 2% nn u t phi bng 16%
lng tn vn
I= (10% + 4%+ 2%) K= 16% K
Do :
I/AN= sY/AN= s(K/AN)1/2
=> 16%K/AN= 16%(K/AN)1/2
=> K/AN= (16%/16%)2= 1
Vy lng tn vn trn mi cng nhn hiu dng l 2.56
* Sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng
Y/AN= (K/AN)1/2= 11/2= 1
* T l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng (Y/AN)
trng thi dng, trong nn kinh t ny, yu t khng i l sn lng trn mi
cng nhn hiu dng. Do , t l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu
dng l 0
* T l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn (Y/N)
trng thi dng, t l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn bng t l tin b
cng ngh gA= 4%
* T l tng trng sn lng, trng thi dng, bng t l tin b cng ngh v t
l tng trng cng nhn gA + gN = 4%+ 2%= 6%
b) gA= 8% v gN = 6%. Tnh li cu a v gii thch
* Lng tn vn trn mi cng nhn hiu dng (K/AN)
V T l khu hao l 10% , gA= 8% v gN = 6% nn u t phi bng 24% lng tn
vn
I= (10% + 8%+ 6%) K= 24% K
Do :
I/AN= sY/AN= s(K/AN)1/2
=> 24%K/AN= 16%(K/AN)1/2

=> K/AN= (16%/24%)2= 0.444

* Sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng (Y/AN)
Y/AN= (K/AN)1/2= 0.4441/2= 0.666
* T l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng (Y/AN)
(0.666-1)/1* 100= -33.4%
*Nguyn nhn Sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng gim so vi trc v lc ny
ng u t s.f(K/AN)= 16%f(K/AN) thp hn ng u t theo yu cu ( + gA
+ gN)K/AN= 24%K/AN nn Y/AN s st gim t 1 xung cn 0.666. iu ny cng
ng ngha u t thc t thp hn mc u t cn thit duy tr vn trn mi cng
nhn hiu dng nn K/AN gim t 1 xung 0.444
* T l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn (Y/N)
trng thi dng, t l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn bng t l tin b
cng ngh gA= 8%
* T l tng trng sn lng, trng thi dng, bng t l tin b cng ngh v t
l tng trng cng nhn gA + gN = 8%+ 6%= 14%
c) gA= 4% v gN = 6%. Tnh li cu a v gii thch
* Lng tn vn trn mi cng nhn hiu dng (K/AN)
V T l khu hao l 10% , gA= 4% v gN = 6% nn u t phi bng 24% lng tn
vn
I= (10% + 4%+ 6%) K= 20% K
Do :
I/AN= sY/AN= s(K/AN)1/2
=> 20%K/AN= 16%(K/AN)1/2
=> K/AN= (16%/20%)2= 0.64
* Sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng (Y/AN)
Y/AN= (K/AN)1/2= 0.641/2= 0.8
* T l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng (Y/AN)
(0.8-1)/1* 100= - 20%
*Nguyn nhn Sn lng trn mi cng nhn hiu dng gim so vi trc v lc ny
ng u t s.f(K/AN)= 16%f(K/AN) thp hn ng u t theo yu cu ( + gA
+ gN)K/AN= 20%K/AN nn Y/AN s st gim t 1 xung cn 0.8. iu ny cng
ng ngha u t thc t thp hn mc u t cn thit duy tr vn trn mi cng
nhn hiu dng nn K/AN gim t 1 xung 0.64
* T l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn (Y/N)

 trng thi dng, t l tng trng sn lng trn mi cng nhn bng t l tin b
cng ngh gA= 4%
* T l tng trng sn lng, trng thi dng, bng t l tin b cng ngh v t
l tng trng cng nhn gA + gN = 4%+ 6%= 10%
* Dn chng khm kh hn trong cu a hay cu c v gii thch?
Mc d, nn kinh t c, t l tng trng sn lng l 10% cao hn t l tng
trng sn lng nn kinh t a l 6% nhng t l tng trng sn lng trn mi
cng nhn hai nn kinh t l nh nhau nn dn chng 2 nn kinh t u khm
kh nh nhau. iu ny c ngha, sn lng ca nn kinh t c gia tng l do tng
trng dn s, nhng chia u u ngi th mc thu nhp ca h vn nh nhau.
Hn na, trong nn kinh t c ang xy ra hin tng mt cn i
Bi sa ca Thy

Bi 3:
a. Tnh hiu qu ca chnh sch tin t ca cc nc theo sau:
Di ch T gi hi oi c nh, ngn hng Trung ng khng th gi tng
lng tin khng i. Nu lm nh vy th li sut trong nc s tng cao hn li
sut nc ngoi, dn ti ni t tng gi. duy tr t gi hi oi, ngn hng Trung
ng phi tng cung tin ph hp vi mc tng trong cu tin, do li sut cn
bng khng thay i. Coi mc gi P l cho trc, lng tin danh ngha phi iu
chnh. S gia tng tin dn n s gia tng M/P, dn n gia tng sn lng. ng
tng cu dch chuyn sang phi, dn ti sn lng cao hn v mc gi cng th.
Qua thi gian, s iu chnh nhng k vng v gi bt u c tc dng. Khi thy gi
cao hn, nhng ngi nh tin cng yu cu tin cng danh ngha cao hn iu ny
dn n gi cao hn. Gi tip tc tng ln. Tng ng nh th, nu sn lng
vt qu mc sn lng t nhin, ng tng cung dch chuyn ln trn. Nn kinh
t di di chuyn ln dc theo ng tng cu mi. Qu trnh iu chnh chm dt khi
sn lng tr v mc sn lng t nhin. Trong trung hn, sn lng tr v mc sn
lng t nhin v mc gi cao hn.
Nu sn lng tr v mc sn lng t nhin, th tng lng tin thc cng phi tr
v gi tr ban u ca n. Ni cch khc, t l gia tng trong cc gi phi bng t l
gia tng trong tng lng tin danh ngha.
Chnh sch tin t m rng c nhng hn ch sau y:
By tin xy ra khi Ngn hng Trung ng tng cung tin nhng li sut khng
gim, do u t khng tng m vic tng tin ch gy ra lm pht cao. Hin
tng ny xy ra khi cu tin qu nhy i vi li sut hoc u t khng nhy i
vi li sut. Nu c mt trong hai hn ch ny th chnh sch tin t km hiu qu.
b. Nu tt c cc nc c nh t gi hi oi ca h so vi u n, t gi hi oi
ca nc u n c th khng c nh, nhng nhng s thay i l rt him.
ngha i vi tnh hiu qu ca chnh sch tin t ca nc u n: mc gi
trong nc ca cc nc Theo sau tng nhanh hn mc gi ca cc nc u n,
dn ti s tng gi u ng ca cc nc Theo sau. Nh vy, cc nc u n s
c u th v tng kh nng cnh tranh mt cch nhanh chng.
c. Nu cc nc u u gim cung tin chng lm pht, th cc nc Theo sau
phi c s iu chnh t t duy tr t gi hi oi ca h bng cch la chn mt
t l gim gi ng tin ca h so vi ng tin cc cc nc u n.
Tc ng n nn kinh t ca cc nc theo sau: ng ni t gim gi s lm cho
cc doanh nghip xut khu gp nhiu thun li hn khi hng ha sn xut c sc
cnh tranh hn, trong khi nhp khu s gim i v cn cn thng mi c ci
thin. Dng vn gin tip t tin gii ngn: Mt tc dng quan trng khc l iu
chnh t gi s thc y thu ht thm cc dng vn u t gin tip, v gip khi nh

u t nc ngoi t tin hn trong vic gii ngn, nh s n nh t gi c th tin

on c trong thi gian ti. ng thi, p lc i vi lm pht khng ln.
Nu cc nc Theo sau khng lm g c khi cc nc u n gim cung tin
chng lm pht th s dn ti mt s tng gi thc u n v lm cho hng ha ca
h mt sc cnh tranh mt cch nhanh chng, u t gim v p lc lm pht tng.
Bi sa ca Thy