CT LC HD-06

X L NC SINH HOT GIA NH

CT LC HD-06
X L NC SINH HOT GIA NH

Tnh nng: 1. Kh vi, st (Fe+3), lm mm nc 2. Loi b cc tp cht, mi, mu 3. Trung ha pH Cch s dng: Lp ct lc vo pha trc b nc sinh hot nh k sc ra 6 thng/ln. NPP: Cng ty CP Hong Anh. C: S 60 Hng Vng, TP. Bc Giang, BG ST: 02403.511.807

Tnh nng: 1. Kh vi, st (Fe+3), lm mm nc 2. Loi b cc tp cht, mi, mu 3. Trung ha pH Cch s dng: Lp ct lc vo pha trc b nc sinh hot nh k sc ra 6 thng/ln. NPP: Cng ty CP Hong Anh. C: S 60 Hng Vng, TP. Bc Giang, BG ST: 02403.511.807

Gi sn phm: 620.000

Gi sn phm: 620.000

CT LC HD-06
X L NC SINH HOT GIA NH

CT LC HD-06
X L NC SINH HOT GIA NH

Tnh nng: 1. Kh vi, st (Fe+3), lm mm nc 2. Loi b cc tp cht, mi, mu 3. Trung ha pH Cch s dng: Lp ct lc vo pha trc b nc sinh hot nh k sc ra 6 thng/ln. NPP: Cng ty CP Hong Anh. C: S 60 Hng Vng, TP. Bc Giang, BG ST: 02403.511.807

Tnh nng: 1. Kh vi, st (Fe+3), lm mm nc 2. Loi b cc tp cht, mi, mu 3. Trung ha pH Cch s dng: Lp ct lc vo pha trc b nc sinh hot nh k sc ra 6 thng/ln. NPP: Cng ty CP Hong Anh. C: S 60 Hng Vng, TP. Bc Giang, BG ST: 02403.511.807

Gi sn phm: 620.000

Gi sn phm: 620.000

CT LC HD-06
X L NC SINH HOT GIA NH

CT LC HD-06
X L NC SINH HOT GIA NH

Tnh nng: 1. Kh vi, st (Fe+3), lm mm nc 2. Loi b cc tp cht, mi, mu 3. Trung ha pH Cch s dng: Lp ct lc vo pha trc b nc sinh hot nh k sc ra 6 thng/ln. NPP: Cng ty CP Hong Anh. C: S 60 Hng Vng, TP. Bc Giang, BG ST: 02403.511.807

Tnh nng: 1. Kh vi, st (Fe+3), lm mm nc 2. Loi b cc tp cht, mi, mu 3. Trung ha pH Cch s dng: Lp ct lc vo pha trc b nc sinh hot nh k sc ra 6 thng/ln. NPP: Cng ty CP Hong Anh. C: S 60 Hng Vng, TP. Bc Giang, BG ST: 02403.511.807

Gi sn phm: 620.000

Gi sn phm: 620.000

Xin Cho. Mnh c Th gip bn 1 chut theo vn kin thc hn hp ca mnh.: St 1. Nguyn nhn nhim st trong nc ngm: Thng l cc mch nc ngm b nhim st th trc 1o b nhim cc cht hu c, qu trnh nhim ny lm PH trong nc ngm gim lm tng hm lng CO2 trong nc ngm dn n tng tnh n mn ca nc ngm qu trnh ny thc y phn ng kh Ion st 3 vn ang kt ta trong t thnh ion st 2 ha tan trong nc gy l cht lng nc km v c qu nhiu ion st ha tan. nhn bit nhim st thng thy bng mt thng nh nc c mu vng, ni vng, c mi tanh.v.vvvv gii quyt thng xy dng h thng lc nc bao gm ct, si v than hot tnh. 2. nghhia4 mi trng:2. ngha mi trng:- St l nguyn t vi lng cn thit cho c th cu to hng cu.V th, st vi hm lng 0,3 mg/l l mc n nh cho php i vi ncsinh hot.-Vt qu gii hn trn, s c mt ca st trong nc gy ra mt snh hng bt li cho ngi s dng trong sinh hot gia nh, trong cngnghip v thng mi. St thng ng li trong cc ng ng cp nclm gim p sut ca nc trong ng dn, v vy nh hng ti qu trnhphn phi nc. mc cng nghip, s xut hin st v mng gan trongnc s ph hu thc phm, ung, cng nghip giy v dt - Mi tanh c trng ca st, khi tip xc vi kh tri, kt taFe(OH)3 hnh thnh, lm nc c mu gch to n tng khng tt chongi s dng. V th, nc c st khng th dng cho mt s nghnh cngnghip i hi cht lng cao nh: giy, du lch, t, si, dt, thc phm,dc phm-Do cc l do trn, vic x l st cng nh phng php xc nhhamg lng st trong nc c ngha quan trng trong i sng cng nhtrong sn xut cng nghip cc phng php th mnh ko rnh. cn Sunphat th tng i n gin hn. mnh s reply cho bn sau . ang ngi cty m. chc ban 5luo6n vui Cravendz 23-04-2011, 04:10 PM 1. Cc phng php kh st trong x l nc 1.1 Phng php oxy ho s t Nguyn l ca phng php ny l oxy ho (II) thnh s t (III) v tch chng ra khi nc di dng hyroxyt st (III). Trong nc ngm, st (II) bicacbonat l mt mui khng bn, n d d ng thu phn thnh st (II) hyroxyt theo phn ng: Fe(HCO)3)2 + 2H2O Fe(OH)2 + 2H2CO3 Nu trong nc c oxy ho tan, st (II) hyroxyt s b oxy ho th nh st (III) hyroxyt theo phn ng: 4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 4Fe(OH)3 St (III) hyroxyt trong n c kt ta thnh bng cn mu vng v c th tch ra khi nc mt cch d dng nh qu trnh lng lc. Kt hp cc phn ng tr n ta c phn ng chung ca qu trnh oxy ho st nh sau: 4Fe2+ + 8HCO3 + O2 + H2O 4Fe(OH)3 + 8H+ + 8HCO3 Nc ngm thng khng cha xy ho tan hoc c hm lng xy ho tan rt thp. tng nng xy ho tan trong nc ngm, bin php n gin nht l lm thong. Hiu qu ca bc lm thong c xc nh theo nhu cu xy cho qu trnh kh st. 1.2 Phng php kh st bng qu trnh xy ho Lm thong n gin b mt lc Nc cn kh st c lm thong bng dn phun ma ngay trn b mt lc. Chiu cao gi n phun thng ly cao khong 0,7m, l phun c ng knh t 5-7mm, lu lng ti vo khong 10 m3/m2.h. Lng xy ho tan trong nc sau khi lm thong nhit 250C ly bng 40% lng xy ho tan bo ho ( 250C lng xy bo ho bng 8,1 mg/l). Lm thong bng gin ma t nhin Nc cn lm thong c ti ln gin lm thong mt bc hay nhiu bc vi cc s n ri x hoc tre g. Lu lng ti v chiu cao thp cng ly nh trng hp trn. Lng xy ho tan sau lm thong bng 55% lng xy ho tan bo ho. Hm l ng CO2 sau lm thong gim 50%.

Lm thong cng bc Cng c th dng thp lm thong c ng bc vi lu lng ti t 30 n 40 m3/h. Lng khng kh tip xc ly t 4 n 6 m3 cho 1m3 nc. Lng xy ho tan sau lm thong b ng 70% hm lng xy ho tan bo ho. Hm lng CO2 sau lm thong gim 75%. 1.3 Kh st bng ho cht Khi trong nc ngun c hm lng tp cht hu c cao, cc cht hu c s to ra dng keo bo v cc ion st, nh vy mun kh st phi ph v c mng hu cbo v bng tc dng ca cc cht xy ho mnh. i vi nc ngm, khi lm lng st qu cao ng thi tn ti c H 2S th lng xy thu c nh lm thong khng xy ho ht H2S v st, trong trng hp ny cn phi dng n ho cht kh st. Bin php kh st bng vi Khi cho vi vo nc, pH ca nc tng ln. iu kin giu ion OH-, cc ion Fe2+ thu phn nhanh chng thnh Fe(OH)2 v lng xung mt phn, th xy ho kh tiu chun ca h Fe(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 gim xung, do st (II) d dng chuyn ho thnh st (III). St (III) hyroxyt kt t th nh bng cn, lng trong b lng v c th d dng tch ra khi nc. Phng php ny c th p dng cho c nc mt v nc ngm. Nhc im ca phng php ny l phi dng n cc thit b pha ch cng knh, qun l phc tp, cho n n thng kt hp kh st vi qu tr nh x l khc nh x l n nh nc bng kim, lm mm nc bng vi kt hp vi sa. Bin php kh st bng Clo Qu trnh kh st bng clo c thc hin nh phn ng sau: 2Fe(HCO3)2 + Cl2 + Ca(HCO3)2 + 6H2O 2Fe(OH)3CaCl2 + 6H+ + 6HCO3 Bin php kh st bng Kali Permanganat (KMnO 4) Khi dng KMnO4 kh st, qua trnh xy ra rt nhanh v cn mangan (IV) hyroxyt va c to thnh s l nhn t xc tc cho qu trnh kh. Phn ng xy ra theo ph ng trnh sau: 5Fe2+ + MnO4 - + 8H+ 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O Bin php kh st bng cch lc qua lp vt liu c bit Cc vt liu c bit c kh nng xc tc, y nhanh qu tr nh xy ho kh Fe2+ thnh Fe3+ v gi li trong tng lc. Qu trnh din ra rt nhanh chng v c hiu qu cao. Ct en l mt trong nhng cht c c tnh nh th. Bin php kh st bng ph ng php trao i ion Phng php trao i ion c s dng khi kt hp vi qu trnh kh cng. Khi s dng thit b trao i ion kh st, nc ngm khng c tip xc vi khng kh v Fe3+ s lm gim kh nng trao i ca cc ionic. Ch c hiu qu khi kh nc ngm c hm lng st thp. Bin php kh st bng ph ng php vi sinh Mt s loi vi sinh c kh nng xy ho st trong iu kin m qu trnh xy ho ho h c xy ra rt kh khn. Chng ta cy cc mm khun st trong lp cy lc ca b lc, thng qua hot ng ca cc vi khun st c loi ra khi nc. Thng s dng thit b b lc chm kh st. @@: nh nh l m d lun ln n qu. thi th cng khai vy :) kekek

Hm lng Fe2+, Mn2+ Thng xuyn c trong nc. Cn nc b mt Rt thp, ch c khi nc st di y h Kh CO2 ho tan C nng cao. Cn nc b mt Rt thp hoc bng 0 Kh O2 ho tan Thng khng tn ti. cn nc b mt Gn nh bo ho Kh NH3 Thng c. Cn nc b mt C khi ngun nc b nhim bn Kh H2S Thng c. Cn nc Khng c SiO2 Thng c nng cao. Cn nc b mt C nng trung bnh NO3- C nng cao, do b nhim bi phn bn ho hc. Cn nc b mt Thng rt thp Vi sinh vt Ch yu l cc vi trng do st gy ra Nhiu loi vi trng, virut gy bnh v to. Cn cc ngun nc ngm hu nh khng cha rong to, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nhim ngun nc. Thnh phn ng quan tm trong nc ngm l cc tp cht ho tan do nh hng ca iu kin a tng, thi tit, nng ma, cc qu trnh phong ho v sinh ho trong khu vc. nhng vng c iu kin phong ho tt, c nhiu cht bn v lung ma ln th cht lng nc ngm d b nhim bi cc cht khong ho tan, cc cht hu c, mn lu ngy theo nc ma ngm vo t. Ngoi ra, nc ngm cng c th b nhim bn do tc ng ca con ngi. Cc cht thi ca con ngi v ng vt, cc cht thi sinh hot, cht thi ho hc, v vic s dng phn bn ho hctt c nhng loi cht thi theo thi gian n s ngm vo ngun nc, tch t dn v lm nhim ngun nc ngm. c khng t ngun nc ngm do tc ng ca con ngi b nhim bi cc hp cht hu c kh phn hu, cc vi khun gy bnh,nht l cc ho cht c hi nh cc kim loi nng, d lng thuc tr su v khng loi tr c cc cht phng x. 2. Mt s qu trnh c bn x l nc ngm C rt nhiu phng php x l nc ngm, tu thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: nhu cu cp nc, tiu chun dng nc, c im ca ngun nc ngm, cc iu kin t nhin, iu kin kinh t x him chng ta s la chn cng ngh x l nc ngm sao cho ph hp. Tuy nhin c mt s qu trnh c bn c th p dng x l nc ngm c tm tt nh bng sau: Qu trnh x l Mc ch - Lm thong - Ly oxy t khng kh oxy ho st v mangan ho tr II ho tan trong nc. - Kh kh CO2 nng cao pH ca nc y nhanh qu trnh oxy ho v thu phn st, mangan trong dy chuyn cng ngh kh st v mangan. - Lm giu oxy tng th oxy ho kh ca nc, kh cc cht bn dng kh ho tan trong nc. - Clo ho s b - Oxy ho st v mangan ho tan dng cc phc cht hu c. - Loi tr rong, ru, to pht trin trn thnh cc b trn, to bng cn v b lng, b lc. - Trung ho lng ammoniac d, dit cc vi khun tit ra cht nhy trn mt lp cc lc. - Qu trnh khuy trn ho cht - Phn tn nhanh, u phn v cc ho cht khc vo nc cn x l. - Qu trnh keo t v phn ng to bng cn

- To iu kin v thc hin qu trnh dnh kt cc ht cn keo phn tn thnh bng cn c kh nng lng v lc vi tc kinh t cho php. - Qu trnh lng - Loi tr ra khi nc cc ht cn v bng cn c kh nng lng vi tc kinh t cho php, lm gim lng vi trng v vi khun. - Qu trnh lc - Loi tr cc ht cn nh khng lng c trong b lng, nhng c kh nng dnh kt ln b mt ht lc. - Hp th v hp th bng than hot tnh - Kh mi, v, mu ca nc sau khi dng phng php x l truyn thng khng t yu cu. - Flo ho nc - Nng cao hm lng Flo trong nc n 0,6 0,9 mg/l bo v men rng v xng cho ngi dng nc. - Kh trng nc - Tiu dit vi khun v vi trng con li trong nc sau b lc. - n nh nc - Kh tnh m thc v to ra mng bo v cch ly khng cho nc tip xc trc tip vi vt liu m trong th nh ng dn bo v ng v ph tng trn ng. - Lm mm nc - Kh ra khi nc cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ n nng yu cu. - Kh mui - Kh ra khi nc cc cation v anion ca cc mui ho tan n nng yu cu. 3. Kh st trong nc ngm 3.1 Trng thi tn ti t nhin ca st trong cc ngun nc Trong nc ngm st thng tn ti dng ion, st c ho tr 2 (Fe 2+) l thnh phn ca cc mui ho tan nh: Fe(HCO3)2; FeSO4hm lng st c trong cc ngun nc ngm thng cao v phn b khng ng u trong cc lp trm tch di t su. Nc c hm lng st cao, lm cho nc c mi tanh v c mu vng, gy nh hng khng tt n cht lng nc n ung sinh hot v sn xut. Do , khi m nc c hm lng st cao hn gii hn cho php theo tiu chun th chng ta phi tin hnh kh st. Cc hp cht v cca ion st ho tr II Cc hp cht v c ca ion st ho tr II: FeS, Fe(OH)2, FeCO3, Fe(HCO3)2, FeSO4, v.v Cc hp cht v c ca ion st ho tr III: Fe(OH)3, FeCl3 trong Fe(OH)3 l cht keo t, d dng lng ng trong cc b lng v b lc. V th cc hp cht v c ca st ho tan trong nc hon ton c th x l bng phng php l hc: lm thong ly oxy ca khng kh oxy ho st ho tr II thnh st ho tr III v cho qu trnh thu phn, keo t Fe(OH)3 xy ra hon ton trong cc b lng, b lc tip xc v cc b lc Cc phc cht v c ca ion st vi silicat, photphat FeSiO(O H)3 +3) Cc phc cht hu c ca ion st vi axit humic, funvic, Cc ion st ho tan Fe(OH)+, Fe(OH)3 tn ti tu thucvo gi tr th oxy ho kh v pH ca mi trng.

 Cc loi phc cht v hn hp cc ion ho tan ca st khng th kh bng phng php l hc thng thng, m phi kt hp vi phng php ho hc. Mun kh st dng ny phi cho thm vo nc cc cht oxy ho nh: Cl-, KMnO4, Ozone, ph v lin kt v oxy ho ion st thnh ion ho tr III hoc cho vo nc cc cht keo t FeCl3, Al(SO4)3 v kim ho c gi tr pH thch hp cho qu trnh ng keo t cc oi keo st v phn xy ra trit trong cc b lng, b lc tip xc v b lc trong. 4. Cc phng php kh st trong x l nc 4.1 Phng php oxy ho st Nguyn l ca phng php ny l oxy ho (II) thnh s t(III) v tch chng ra khi nc di dng hyroxyt st (III). Trong nc ngm,st (II) bicacbonat l mt mui khng bn, n d dng thu phn thnh st (II)hyroxyt theo phn ng: Fe(HCO)3)2 + 2H2O Fe(OH)2+ 2H2CO3 Nu trong nc c oxy ho tan, st (II) hyroxyt s boxy ho thnh st (III) hyroxyt theo phn ng: 4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 4Fe(OH)3 St (III) hyroxyt trong nc kt ta thnh bng cn mu vng v c th tch ra khi nc mt cch d dng nh qu trnh lng lc. Kt hp cc phn ng tr n ta c phn ng chung ca qu trnh oxy ho st nh sau: 4Fe2+ + 8HCO3 + O2 + H2O 4Fe(OH)3 + 8H+ + 8HCO3Nc ngm thng khng cha xy ho tan hoc c hm lng xy ho tan rt thp. tng nng xy ho tan trong nc ngm, bin php n gin nht l lm thong. Hiu qu ca bc lm thong c xc nh theo nhu cu xy cho qu trnh kh st. 4.2 Phng php kh st bng qu trnh xy ho Lm thong n gin b mt lc Nc cn kh st c lm thong bng gin phun ma ngay trn b mt lc. Chiu cao gin phun thng ly cao khong 0,7m, l phun c ng knh t 5-7mm, lu lng ti vo khong 10 m3/m2.h. Lng xy ho tan trong nc sau khi lm thong nhit 250C ly bng 40% lng xy ho tan bo ho ( 250C lng xy bo ho bng 8,1 mg/l). Lm thong bng gin ma t nhin Nc cn lm thong c ti ln gin lm thong mt bc hay nhiu bc vi cc sn ri x hoc tre g. Lu lng ti v chiu cao thp cng ly nh trng hp trn. Lng xy ho tan sau lm thong bng 55%lng xy ho tan bo ho. Hm lng CO2 sau lm thong gim 50%.

Lm thong cng bc

Cng c th dng thp lm thong cng bc vi lu lng ti t 30 n 40 m3/h. Lng khng kh tip xc ly t 4 n 6 m3 cho 1m3nc. Lng xy ho tan sau lm thong bng 70% hm lng xy ho tan bo ho. Hm lng CO2 sau lm thong gim 75%. 4.3 Kh st bng ho cht Khi trong nc ngun c hm lng tp cht hu c cao,cc cht hu c s to ra dng keo bo v cc ion st, nh vy mun kh st phi ph v c mng hu c bo v bng tc dng ca cc cht xy ho mnh.i vi nc ngm, khi lm lng st qu cao ng thi tn ti c H2S th lng xy thu c nh lm thong khng xy ho ht H2S v st, trong trng hp ny cn phi dng n ho cht kh st. Bin php kh st bng vi Khi cho vi vo nc, pH ca nc tng ln. iu kin giu ion OH-, cc ion Fe2+ thu phn nhanh chng thnh Fe(OH)2 v lng xung mt phn, th xy ho kh tiu chun ca h Fe(OH)2/Fe(OH)3 gim xung, do st(II) d dng chuyn ho thnh st (III). St (III) hyroxyt kt t thnh bng cn, lng trong b lng v c th d dng tch ra khi nc. Phng php ny ct h p dng cho c nc mt v nc ngm. Nhc im ca phng php ny l phi dng n cc thit b pha ch cng knh, qun l phc tp, cho nn thng kt hp kh st vi qu trnh x l khc nh x l n nh nc bng kim, lm mm nc bng vi kt hp vi sa. Bin php kh st bng Clo Qu trnh kh st bng clo c thc hin nh phn ng sau: 2Fe(HCO3)2 + Cl2 + Ca(HCO3)2 + 6H2O 2Fe(OH)3CaCl2 + 6H+ + 6HCO3Bin php kh st bng Kali Permanganat (KMnO 4) Khi dng KMnO4 kh st, qua trnh xy ra rt nhanh v cn mangan (IV) hyroxyt va c to thnh s l nhn t xc tc cho qu trnh kh. Phn ng xy ra theo phng trnh sau: 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O Bin php kh st bng cch lc qua lp vt liu c bit Cc vt liu c bit c kh nng xc tc, y nhanh qu trnh xy ho kh Fe2+ thnh Fe3+ v gi li trong tng lc. Qu trnh din ra rt nhanh chng v c hiu qu cao. Ct en l mt trong nhng cht c c tnh nh th. Bin php kh st bng phng php trao i ion Phng php trao i ion c s dng khi kt hp vi qu trnh kh cng. Khi s dng thit b trao i ion kh st, nc ngm khng c tip xc vi khng kh v Fe3+ s lm gim khnng trao i ca cc ionic. Ch c hiu qu khi kh nc ngm c hm lng st thp. Bin php kh st bng phng php vi sinh Mt s loi vi sinh c kh nng xy ho st trong iu kinm qu trnh xy ho ho hc xy ra rt kh khn. Chng ta cy cc mm khun st trong lp ct lc ca b lc, thng qua hot ng ca cc vi khun st c loi ra khi nc. Thng s dng thit b b lc chm kh st. 5. Mt s giai on v cng ngh kh st trong nc cp Giai on a cc ho cht vo nc

Giai on ny gm c qu trnh lm thong nc lm giu xy v kh kh cacbonic cng vi vic pha trn ho cht vo nc nh vi,phn, clo, zn, kali permanganate Giai on x l s b Mc ch ca giai on ny l nhm to ra nhng iu kin cho phn ng xy ho kh din ra c hon ton, nhanh chng. Cc thit b cn thit cho giai on ny l b lng tip xc, b lc s b, b lc tip xc,b lng ngang hoc lng trong. Giai on lm sch Giai on ny cn n cc b lc khc nhau. Tu theo hm lng v thnh phn st trong nc ngun cng vi cht lng nc ngun m quyt nh quy trnh kh st c th, thng c xc nh bng thc nghim ti ch kt hp vi cc kt qu tnh ton s b. Khi hm lng st cao trn 6mg/l v cn kh trit kh cacbonic, quy trnh kh st s bao gm c ba giai on trn. 6. Mt s thit b kh st thng c s dng Lm thong n gin trn b mt b lc Ngi ta dng gin ng khoan l phun ma trn b mt lc, l phun c ng knh 5 n 7 mm, tia nc dng p lc phun ln vi cao0,5 n 0,6m. Lu lng phun vo khong 10m3/m2.h. Lm thong trc tip trn b mt b lc ch nn p dng khi nc ngun c hm lng st thp v khng phi kh CO2. Thp lm thong t nhin S dng thp lm thong t nhin (gin ma) khi cn lm giu xy kt hp vi kh kh CO2. Do kh nng trao i ca O2 ln hn CO2 nn thp c thit k cho trng hp kh CO2. Gin ma cho kh nng thu c lng xy ho tan bng 55% lng xy bo ho v c kh nng kh c 75-80% lng CO2 cn li sau khi lm thong khng xung thp hn 5-6mg/l. Thp lm thong cng bc Cu to ca thp lm thong cng bc cng gn ging nh thp lm thong t nhin, y ch khc l khng kh c a vo thp cng bc bng qut gi. Khng kh i ngc chiu vi chiu ri ca cc tia nc.Lu lng ti thng ly t 30 n 40 m3/m2.h. Lng khng kh cp vo t 4 n 6m3 cho 1m3 nc cn lm thong. B lng tip xc B lng tip xc c chc nng gi nc li sau qu trnh lm thong trong mt thi gian qu trnh xy ho v thu phn dt din ra hon ton, ng thi tch mt phn cn nng trc khi chuyn sang b lc. Trong thc t thng ly thi gian lu ca nc t 30 n 45 pht. B lng tip xc c th c thit k nh b lng ng v thng t ngay di gin lm thong. B lc tip xc hay b lc s b c p dng khi hm lng st trong nc ngun cao hoc cn kh ng thi c mangan. B lc tip xc c cu to nh cc b lc thng thng vi lp vt liu lc bng si , than antraxit, snh, sc kch thc ht ln. Tc lc thng khng ch trong khong 15 n 20m/h. B lc cn st lc sch nc c cha cn st, s dng cc b lc nhanh thng thng. Do khc vi b lc cn bn bnh thng ch qu trnh xy ho v thu phn st cn tip tc xy ra trong lp vt liu lc, nn ngay t u chu k lc, cn bm sn trong lp vt liu lc v cha cn ca lp vt liu lc s cao hn. V vy, vt liu lc c th ly cp phi ht ln hn,ng knh trung bnh ht t 0,9 n 1,3 mm, b dy lp vt liu lc 1,0 n 1,2m, tc lc ly t

5 n 10m/h. Do cn st bm chc nn phi ra lc bng nc v kh kt hp, lu lng nc ra thc t thng dng t 10 n 12l/m2.s. Nu s dng b lc 2 lp gm antraxit v ct thch anh th hiu qu x l s cao hn. 7. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh kh st Tc phn ng ca qu tr nh xy ho v thu phn Fe2+thnh Fe3+ tu thuc vo lng oxy ho tan trong nc tng ln. oxy ho 1mg st (II) tiu tn 0,143mg oxy. Thi gian oxy ho v thu phn st trn cng trnh ph thuc vo tr s pH ca nc c th ly nh sau:

Thi gian ti u ca qu trnh keo t pH 6,0 6,5 6,6 6,7 6,8 6,9 7 7,5 Thi gian tip xc cn thit trong b lng v b lc (thi gian lu nc) (pht) 90 60 45 30 25 20 15 10. Thi gian tip xc cn thit (thi gian lu nc) trong b lc tip xc (b lc I) v b lc trong (blc t II) (pht) 60 45 35 25 20 15 12 5. Tc lc qua b tip xc c thly 5 -20 m/h tu thuc vo thi gian lu nc cn thit v lng cn cn gili sao cho qua b lc t I hm lng cn cn li i qua b lc trong (lct II) 15mg/l. Tc lc qua b lc trong l y 3-9 m/h tu thuc vo chiu dy v c ht ca lp vt liu lc v thi gian lu nc cn thit. 8. p dng qu trnh kh st vo vic x l nc ngm cp nc cho cng ng dn c nng thn Mc ch ca vic x l nc cp Cung cp y lng nc cho qu trnh s dng ca ngi dn v m bo an ton v mt ho hc, vi trng hc tho mn cc nhu cu v n ung, sinh hot dch v, sn xutNc c cht lng tt, ngon khng cha cc chy gy c, gy ra m u, mi, v ca nc. Tm li, l mi ngun nc th sau khi qua h thng x l phi t : tiu chun v sinh i vi cht lng nc cp cho n ung v sinh hot TCVN 5501 1991 S liu cn thit thit k trm x l kh st Khi thit k trm x l nc cp c qu trnh kh st,chng ta cn phi thu thp cc s liu nh sau: Cng sut hu ch ca trm, s gi hot ng trong ngy hay cng sut gi. Bm nc lin tc vi lu lng ln loi tr ht nc tn ng, sau ly mu ngay ti u bm phn tch cc ch tiu: 1. c 2. mu 3. oxy ha 4. kim 5. cng ton phn v cng cacbonat 6. pH 7. Tng hm lng st

8. Hm lng Ion st ha tr II 9. Hm lng Ion st ha tr II 10. Hm lng silic, poliphotphat v cc kim loi nng 11. Hm lng CO2 t do 12. Hm lng H2S Kt qu th nghim kh s t ti ch theo phng php lhc, ho hc. Phn loi nc ngm theo hm lng st Phn loi nc ngm Loi nc ngm Hm lng st (mg/l) Nc ngm c hm lng st thp 0,4 - 10 Nc ngm c hom lng st trung bnh 10 20 Nc ngm c hm lng st cao >20 Theo TCVN <0,3

X l nc ngm c hm lng st thp (hm lng st <10 Mg/L)

Cng ngh x l: (Lm thong n gin v lc) iu kin p dng 1. Tng hm lng st: 10 mg/l 2. mu ca nc khi cha tip xc vi khng kh<15 0 3. Hm lng SiO2 2- < 2 mg/l 4. Hm lng H2S < 0,5 mg/l 5. Hm lng NH4 + < 1 mg/l 6. Nhu cu oxy = oxy ha + 0,47 H 2S + 0,15Fe2+ <7mg/l

7. pH 7

S cng ngh x l chung

Nc ngm c bm ln t ging khoan hay ging o c a vo lm thong n gin. C th dng mng trn, gin ma, ejector thu kh hay bm nn kh lm thong nc. Qu trnh lm thong y ch yu l cung cp oxy cho nc. Nc sau khi lm thong c lc qua mt lp vt liu lc. Ti b lc Fe2+ v oxy ha tan s c tch ra v bm trn b mt ca cc vt liu lc, to nn mng xc tc bao gm cc ion oxy, Fe2+, Fe3+. Mng xc tc s tng cng qu trnh hp th v oxy ha Fe do xy ra trong mi trng d th. Trong phng php ny khng i hi phioxy ha hon ton Fe2+ thnh Fe3+ v keo t. X l nc ngm c hm lng st cao (hm lng st > 10 mg/l Cng ngh x l: Lm thong - Lng hoc lc tip xc -Lc trong iu kin p dng 1. oxy ho < (Fe2+/28 + 5), mg/l 2. Tng hm lng st: >10 mg/l 3. Tng hm lng mui khong <1000 mg/l 4. Hm lng SiO2 2- <2 mg/l 5. Hm lng H2S <1 mg/l B lng nc ra lc Nc ngm Lm thong n gin Lc Clorine Tip xc kh trng X cn Nc sch

6. Hm lng NH4 + <1,5 mg/l 7. Nhu cu oxy = oxy ho + 0,47 H 2S + 0,15Fe2+<10 mg/l 8. pH < 6,8 th tnh ton thit b lm khong theo iu hin kh kh CO2 nhm tng pH. 9. pH > 6,8 th tnh ton thit b lm khong theo iu kin ly oxy kh st. Nc ngm c bm ln t ging khoan hay ging o c a vo lm thong bng dn ma, lm thong cng bc lm thong nc. Qu trnh lm thong y ch yu l cung cp oxy cho nc. Nc sau khi lm thong c dn vo b khuy trn v lng cn, trc khi i vo b nc c tip xc vi ho cht c tc dng y nhanh qu trnh oxy ho ho tan thnh st III, nc t b lng c dn qua b lc, b lc co cha nhiu lp vt liu lc.Nc sch sau khi qua b lc c kh trngbng dung dch clorine trc khi cung cp cho ngi s dng. trnh hin tng tc lc b lc, do n chu k chng ta phi tin hnh ra lc bng nc (nc + kh). Cn b lng c a vo b nn cn.__