HNG DN S DNG PHN MM CROPWAT 8.0 KS.

Thu Dng S dng phn mm CROPWAT tnh ton xc nh nhu cu nc, ch ti v k hoch thc hin ti cho cc loi cy trng ti mt rung trong cc iu kin khc nhau. y l chng trnh tnh ton ti cho cc loi cy trng c p dng ph bin trn ton th gii, c t chc Lng thc - Nng nghip ca Lin hip quc FAO cng nhn.
1. TI LIU TNH NHU CU NC TI CHO CY TRNG

Ti liu v kh tng thu vn - Nhit trung bnh cc thng - m trung bnh khng kh trong khu vc - Lng bc hi trung bnh nhiu nm - Tc gi trung bnh thng nhiu nm - Lng ma bnh qun thng nhiu nm - S gi nng trung bnh thng nhiu nm
Ti liu v nng nghip

- Thi v gieo cy v din tch ca cc loi cy trng trong khu vc cn tnh nhu cu nc dung - Giai on sinh trng ca cc loi cy trng - Cc ch tiu c l ca t canh tc 2. NI DUNG TNH TON NGUYN L CN BNG NC tnh ton lng nc cn (IRR) cho cy trng ta da vo phng trnh cn bng nc. Phng trnh cn bng nc tng qut c dng nh sau: IRR = (ETc + LPrep + Prep) - Peff Trong : IRR: Lng nc cn ti cho cy trng trong (mm/ngy). thi on tnh ton (mm/ngy)

ETC: Lng bc hi mt rung trong thi on tnh ton (mm). Peff: lng ma hiu qu cy trng s dng c trong thi on tnh ton (mm)

Prep: lng nc ngm n nh trong t trong thi on tnh ton (mm/ngy) LPrep: lng nc lm t (mm) Xc nh lng bc hi mt rung (ETc): Lng bc hi mt rung c trnh theo cng thc: ETc= Kc x ET0 Trong cng thc (1): KC: H s cy trng, ph thuc vo vng canh tc, giai on sinh trng ca cy trng. ET0: lng bc hi mt nc t do tnh ton theo cng thc ca PenmanMonteith. ET0= C [W x Rn + (1-W) x f(u) x (ea-ed)] Trong cng thc (2): C: H s hiu chnh v s b tr i vi tc gi cng nh s thay i ca bc x mt tri. W: H s c quan h vi nhit v cao khu ti. Rn: Lng bc x thc t c xc nh t s gi chiu sng, nhit v m. f(u): Hm quan h vi tc gi : (ea-ed): chnh lch gia p sut hi bo ho nhit trung bnh ca khng kh v p sut hi thc t o c. Kc: ph thuc tng loi cy trng v thi on sinh trng ca cy . Vic xc nh Kc ca tng loi cy trng c trnh by phn trn. Tnh ton ma hiu qu (Peff): Tnh ma hiu qu theo phng php t l c nh: Peff = C x Pma. Trong cng thc (3): Peff : lng ma hiu qu trong thi on tnh ton (mm) Pma : lng ma thc t trong thi on tnh ton theo m hnh MTTK (mm) (mm) (3) (mm/ngy) (2) (mm/ngy) (1)

C: % lng ma s dng c trong thi thi on tnh ton Tnh ma hiu qu ph thuc theo cng ma: Peff = 0.6*Pma - 10 khi Pma < 70 mm Peff = 0.8*Pma - 24 khi Pma > 70 mm c. Lng nc ngm n nh (Prep) Prep= K x t Trong cng thc (4): K: h s ngm n nh ca t (mm/ngy). t: thi gian tnh ton (ngy). d. Lng nc lm t (LPrep) Lng nc lm bo ha tng t canh tc (S): S= (1-Sm/100)*d*P/100 (mm) Trong cng thc (5): d: su lp t bo ha nc (mm) Sm: su c sn u thi on tnh ton (%) P: rng t (% th tch t) Lng nc to thnh v duy tr lp nc trn mt rung trong thi gian lm t (L). L= (L/T + S + P + E) - Peff Trong cng thc (6): L: tng lng nc cn cung cp trong thi gian lm t (mm) T: thi gian lm t (ngy) P, S: lng nc thm ng v ngang (mm/ngy) E: lng bc hi mt rung (mm/ngy) Peff: lng ma hiu qu (mm) i vi cy trng cn phng trnh c dng: IRR = ETc - Peff Cc i lng trong phng trnh nh nu trn. (mm/ngy) (6) (5) (mm) (4)

3. CCH S DNG PHN MM CROWAT 8.0 TRONG TNH IRR Nhp d liu u vo thay i mc nh n v ca d liu u vo, phng php tnh ma hiu qu, thi biu ti, hiu qu phng php ti vo phn settings <<options thay i - Nhp d liu v kh tng Nhn vo biu tng pha tri mn hnh

Mn hnh window hin ln bng nhp d liu Gm cc thng s cn nhp (ch thch cc thng s cui bi bo) Sau khi nhp xong d liu cn Save li ui .pem D liu nhp thnh cng th phn pha gc tri cui mn hnh hin ln tn file save

nguyn bng d liu thu nh mn hnh li, khng ng d liu. - Nhp d liu v lng ma

Khi nhp lng ma trung bnh thng nhiu nm th phn mm s t tnh ra ma hiu qu theo cng thc chn phn options Nhp xong d liu save file li ui . crm nguyn bng d liu thu nh mn hnh li, khng ng d liu. - Nhp d liu v cy trng Khi nhp d liu ca cy trng, nu nh ta c ti liu ca cc thng s nh trong bng yu cu th nhp (Ch thch cc thng s ti bng cui bi bo). Nu nh khng c ta c th mn thng s t kho d liu ca phn mm bng cch chn File <<open <<...<<crop chn loi cy trng.

Mn hnh windows s hin ln bng d liu ca cy trng

Ta c th thay i mt vi thng s cho ph hp vi ti liu ta thu thp c. Lm cc thao tc tng t nh trn save file, thu nh ca s. Ch khi save file ta chn tn mi file d liu trong kho khng b repalce. - Nhp d liu v t ai canh tc

Khi nhp cc d liu v t ai, cng tng t nh nhp d liu v cy trng, ta c th s dng kho d liu ca cropwat nhp. - Nhp d liu v t l % din tch loi cy trng T l % ca loi cy nhp cc thng s v cy trng trn so vi ton b din tch canh tc.

c kt qu Sau khi nhp xong d liu. Nhn vo biu tng:

Mn hnh window s hin ra kt qu l bng nhu cu dng nc ca cy trng. Kt qu m ta s dng trong tnh ton thu nng l kt qu ct

y l lng nc cy trng cn ti trong 1 tun (ch 1 tun y l tun thu vn tnh l 10 ngy, 1 thng bao gm: thng tun, trung tun, h tun) Kt qu ny dng tnh ton thu nng, v cch thc tnh ton thu nng ra yu cu dng nc ca cc loi cy trng, dng kt qu tnh ton cn bng nc ti s cp n trong mt bi bo khc.
Ch thch mt s thut ng ting anh trong cc bng tnh ton nhu cu nc

(Ch trong du ngoc n l ch vit tt) Altitude Area. Average temperature (Avg,Temp) Climate Climate station Coefficient (Coeff) Country Crop Crop coefficient Crop evapotranspiration Coordinates Date Date of transplant Decade (Dec.) Depletion level Development (Deve) Effective rainfall (Eff.Rain) E,L Evapotranspiration ET crop ETo. PenMon Cao Din tch Nhit trung bnh Kh hu Trm kh hu H s t nc, quc gia Cy trng H s cy trng Lng bc - thot hi ca cy trng To Ngy Ngy cy Tun 10 ngy Mc st gim (Giai on) pht trin Lng ma hu hiu Kinh ng Lng bc - thot hi Lng bc - thot hi ca cy trng Lng bc - thot hi chun tnh theo Penman -

Monteith Factor (F) H s February (Feb,) Thng hai Fraction (Fract) H s Growth stage Giai on sinh trng Hours Gi Humidity m Init (Giai on) u Irrigation requirement (IrReq) Nhu cu ti Land preparation (Lprep. LP) Lm t Late (Giai on) cui Length stage S ngy ca mi giai on (sinh trng) Meteo station Trm kh tng Meter Mt Middle (Mid) (Giai on) gi Month Thng mm/day mm/ngy mm/dec mm/tun (10 ngy) N,L V Bc November (Nov,) Thng mi mt Nursery (Nur) M Nursery area Din tch m Percolation (Perc) Thm su Percolation rate Tc thm Phase Pha, giai on Planting date Ngy thng trng 2 Radiation (MJ/m /day) Bc x mt tri (MJ/m2/day) Reference evapotranspiration Lng bc - thot hi chun ETo theo phng ETo according Penman php Penman - Monteith Monteih Rice evapotranspiration Lng bc thot hi ca la Rice Requirement (Rice Rq) Nhu cu nc ca la Rice-DXD La ng Xun

Rice-HT Rice-XH Rooting depth September (Sep) Stage Station Sunshine Totals Transplant Windspeed Year Year total Yield - Response F

La H Thu La Xun H Chiu su r Thng chn Giai on Trm Nng Tng cng Cy Tc gi Nm Cng c nm H s nh hng ca s thiu nc i vi nng sut cy trng.