10 PP Giai Hoa Va 25 de Thi Mau 4592

1
MC LC
LI NI U ................................................................................................. 3
Phn th nht: 10 PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI TP TRC NGHIM HA HC
.................................................................................................
4
Phng php 1: p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ........................ 4
Phng php 2: Bo ton mol nguyn t ................................................ 13
Phng php 3: Bo ton mol electron ................................................... 22
Phng php 4: S dng phng trnh ion - electron ............................. 36
Phng php 5: S dng cc gi tr trung bnh ....................................... 49
Phng php 6: Tng gim khi lng ................................................... 60
Phng php 7: Qui i hn hp nhiu cht v s lng cht t hn ..... 71
Phng php 8: S ng cho ......................................................... 77
Phng php 9: Cc i lng dng khi qut .................................... 85
Phng php 10: T chn lng cht ..................................................... 97
Phn th hai: 25 THI TH TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG ... 108
s 01 ................................................................................................... 108
s 02 ................................................................................................... 115
s 03 ................................................................................................... 122
s 04 ................................................................................................... 129
s 05 ................................................................................................... 136
s 06 ................................................................................................... 143
s 07 ................................................................................................... 150
s 08 ................................................................................................... 157
s 09 ................................................................................................... 163
s 10 ................................................................................................... 170
s 11 ................................................................................................... 177
s 12 ................................................................................................... 185
s 13 ................................................................................................... 193
s 14 ................................................................................................... 201
s 15 ................................................................................................... 209
s 16 ................................................................................................... 216
s 17 ................................................................................................... 223
s 18 ................................................................................................... 231
s 19 ................................................................................................... 238
s 20 ................................................................................................... 247
s 21 ................................................................................................... 254
s 22 ................................................................................................... 262
s 23 ................................................................................................... 270
s 24 ................................................................................................... 277
s 25 ................................................................................................... 284
Phn th ba: P N 25 THI TH TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG
291
p n 01 ............................................................................................ 291
p n 02 ............................................................................................ 291
VNMATHS.TK

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p n 03 ............................................................................................ 291
p n 04 ............................................................................................ 292
p n 05 ............................................................................................ 292
p n 06 ............................................................................................ 292
p n 07 ............................................................................................ 292
p n 08 ............................................................................................ 293
p n 09 ............................................................................................ 293
p n 10 ............................................................................................ 293
p n 11 ............................................................................................ 293
p n 12 ............................................................................................ 294
p n 13 ............................................................................................ 294
p n 14 ............................................................................................ 294
p n 15 ............................................................................................ 294
p n 16 ............................................................................................ 295
p n 17 ............................................................................................ 295
p n 18 ............................................................................................ 295
p n 19 ............................................................................................ 295
p n 20 ............................................................................................ 296
p n 21 ............................................................................................ 296
p n 22 ............................................................................................ 296
p n 23 ............................................................................................ 296
p n 24 ............................................................................................ 297
p n 25 ............................................................................................ 297

LI NI U
gip cho Gio vin v hc sinh n tp, luyn tp v vn dng cc kin thc vo vic gii cc bi tp
trc nghim mn ha hc v c bit khi gii nhng bi tp cn phi tnh ton mt cch nhanh nht, thun
li nht ng thi p ng cho k thi tuyn sinh i hc v cao ng.
Chng ti xin trn trng gii thiu cun : 10 phng php gii nhanh trc nghim ha hc v 25
thi th tuyn sinh i hc v cao ng.
Cu trc ca cun sch gm 3 phn:
Phn I: 10 phng php gii nhanh trc nghim ha hc.
mi phng php gii nhanh trc nghim ha hc chng ti u trnh by phn hng dn gii mu
chi tit nhng bi tp trc nghim kh, gip hc sinh c cch nhn nhn mi v phng php gii bi tp trc
nghim tht ngn gn trong thi gian nhanh nht, bo m tnh chnh xc cao. gii bi tp trc nghim
nhanh trong vng t 1-2 pht chng ta phi bit phn loi v nm chc cc phng php suy lun. Vic gii
bi tp trc nghim khng nht thit phi theo ng qui trnh cc bc gii, khng nht thit phi s dng
ht cc d kin u bi v i khi khng cn vit v cn bng tt c cc phng trnh phn ng.
Phn II: 25 thi th tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng. Cc thi c xy dng vi ni dung a dng
phong ph vi hm lng kin thc hon ton nm trong chng trnh ha hc THPT theo qui nh ca B
Gio dc v o to. B thi c kh tng ng hoc cao hn cc c s dng trong cc k
thi tuyn sinh i hc v cao ng gn y.
Phn III: p n ca b 25 thi gii thiu phn II.
Chng ti hi vng cun sch ny s l mt ti liu tham kho b ch cho gio vin v hc sinh THPT.

3
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n nhng kin ng gp xy dng ca Qu Thy,C gio, cc ng
nghip v bn c.
Cc tc gi.
H Ni thng 1 nm 2008

Phn th nht
10 PHNG PHP GII NHANH BI TP TRC NGHIM
HA HC
Phng php 1
P DNG NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG
Nguyn tc ca phng php ny kh n gin, da vo nh lut bo ton khi lng: Tng khi
lng cc cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng cc cht to thnh trong phn ng. Cn lu l:
khng tnh khi lng ca phn khng tham gia phn ng cng nh phn cht c sn, v d nc c sn
trong dung dch.
Khi c cn dung dch th khi lng mui thu c bng tng khi lng cc cation kim loi v anion
gc axit.
V d 1: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp X nung
nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc)
c t khi so vi H
2
l 20,4. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 105,6 gam. B. 35,2 gam. C. 70,4 gam. D. 140,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
Cc phn ng kh st oxit c th c:
3Fe
2
O
3
+ CO
o
t
2Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
2
(1)
Fe
3
O
4
+ CO
o
t
3FeO + CO
2
(2)
FeO + CO
o
t
Fe + CO
2
(3)
Nh vy cht rn A c th gm 3 cht Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
hoc t hn, iu khng quan trng v vic
cn bng cc phng trnh trn cng khng cn thit, quan trng l s mol CO phn ng bao gi cng bng
s mol CO
2
to thnh.

B
11, 2
n 0,5
22,5
= = mol.
Gi x l s mol ca CO
2
ta c phng trnh v khi lng ca B:
VNMATHS.TK

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44x + 28(0,5 x) = 0,5 20,4 2 = 20,4
nhn c x = 0,4 mol v cng chnh l s mol CO tham gia phn ng.
Theo LBTKL ta c:
m
X
+ m
CO
= m
A
+
2
CO
m
m = 64 + 0,4 44 0,4 28 = 70,4 gam. (p n C)
V d 2: un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C thu c hn hp cc ete c
s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam. S mol ca mi ete trong hn hp l bao nhiu?
A. 0,1 mol. B. 0,15 mol. C. 0,4 mol. D. 0,2 mol.
Hng dn gii
Ta bit rng c 3 loi ru tch nc iu kin H
2
SO
4
c, 140
o
C th to thnh 6 loi ete v tch ra 6
phn t H
2
O.
Theo LBTKL ta c

2
H O ete
m m m 132,8 11,2 21,6 = = =
ru
gam

2
H O
21,6
n 1, 2
18
= = mol.
Mt khc c hai phn t ru th to ra mt phn t ete v mt phn t H
2
O do s mol H
2
O lun
bng s mol ete, suy ra s mol mi ete l
1, 2
0, 2
6
= mol. (p n D)
Nhn xt: Chng ta khng cn vit 6 phng trnh phn ng t ru tch nc to thnh 6 ete, cng
khng cn tm CTPT ca cc ru v cc ete trn. Nu cc bn xa vo vic vit phng trnh phn ng v
t n s mol cc ete tnh ton th khng nhng khng gii c m cn tn qu nhiu thi gian.
V d 3: Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HNO
3
63%. Sau phn ng
thu c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO
2
duy nht (ktc). Tnh nng % cc cht c trong dung
dch A.
A. 36,66% v 28,48%. B. 27,19% v 21,12%.
C. 27,19% v 72,81%. D. 78,88% v 21,12%.
Hng dn gii
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O
Cu + 4HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O

2
NO
n 0,5 = mol
3 2
HNO NO
n 2n 1 = = mol.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:

2
2
3
NO
d HNO
m m m m
1 63 100
12 46 0,5 89 gam.
63
= +

= + =
2 2
d mui h k.loi

t n
Fe
= x mol, n
Cu
= y mol ta c:

56x 64y 12
3x 2y 0,5
+ =
+ =

x 0,1
y 0,1
=

5

3 3
Fe( NO )
0,1 242 100
%m 27,19%
89

= =

3 2
Cu( NO )
0,1 188 100
%m 21,12%.
89

= = (p n B)
V d 4: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi ho tr (I) v mui
cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (II) trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc).
em c cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 13 gam. B. 15 gam. C. 26 gam. D. 30 gam.
Hng dn gii
M
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2MCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
R
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2MCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O

2
CO
4,88
n 0, 2
22, 4
= = mol
Tng n
HCl
= 0,4 mol v
2
H O
n 0, 2 mol. =
23,8 + 0,436,5 = m
mui
+ 0,244 + 0,218
m
mui
= 26 gam. (p n C)
V d 5: Hn hp A gm KClO
3
, Ca(ClO
2
)
2
, Ca(ClO
3
)
2
, CaCl
2
v KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon
ton A ta thu c cht rn B gm CaCl
2
, KCl v 17,472 lt kh ( ktc). Cho cht rn B tc dng
vi 360 ml dung dch K
2
CO
3
0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong
dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. % khi lng KClO
3
c trong A l
A. 47,83%. B. 56,72%. C. 54,67%. D. 58,55%.
Hng dn gii

o
o
o
2
t
3 2
t
3 2 2 2
t
2 2 2 2
2 2
( A) ( A)
h B
3
KClO KCl O (1)
2
Ca(ClO ) CaCl 3O (2)
83,68 gam A Ca(ClO ) CaCl 2O (3)
CaCl CaCl
KCl KCl
.

2
O
n 0,78 mol. =
m
A
= m
B
+
2
O
m
m
B
= 83,68 320,78 = 58,72 gam.
Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 0,18 mol K
2
CO
3

Hn hp B
2 2 3 3
( B) ( B)
CaCl K CO CaCO 2KCl (4)
0,18 0,18 0,36 mol
KCl KCl
|
+ +

`

)
hn hp D
VNMATHS.TK

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( B) 2
KCl B CaCl ( B)
m m m
58,72 0,18 111 38,74 gam
=
= =

( D)
KCl KCl ( B) KCl ( pt 4)
m m m
38,74 0,36 74,5 65,56 gam
= +
= + =

( A) ( D)
KCl KCl
3 3
m m 65,56 8,94 gam
22 22
= = =

(B) (A)
KCl pt (1) KCl KCl
m = m m 38,74 8,94 29,8 gam. = =
Theo phn ng (1):

3
KClO
29,8
m 122,5 49 gam.
74,5
= =

3
KClO ( A)
49 100
%m 58,55%.
83,68
= = (p n D)
V d 6: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt O
2
(ktc) thu c CO
2

v hi nc theo t l th tch 4:3. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. Bit t khi ca A so vi
khng kh nh hn 7.
A. C
8
H
12
O
5
.

B. C
4
H
8
O
2
.

C. C
8
H
12
O
3
.

D. C
6
H
12
O
6
.
Hng dn gii
1,88 gam A + 0,085 mol O
2
4a mol CO
2
+ 3a mol H
2
O.

2 2
CO H O
m m 1,88 0,085 32 46 gam + = + =
Ta c: 444a + 183a = 46 a = 0,02 mol.
Trong cht A c:
n
C
= 4a = 0,08 mol
n
H
= 3a2 = 0,12 mol
n
O
= 4a2 + 3a 0,0852 = 0,05 mol
n
C
: n
H
: n
o
= 0,08 : 0,12 : 0,05 = 8 : 12 : 5
Vy cng thc ca cht hu c A l C
8
H
12
O
5
c M
A
< 203. (p n A)
V d 7: Cho 0,1 mol este to bi 2 ln axit v ru mt ln ru tc dng hon ton vi NaOH thu c
6,4 gam ru v mt lng mi c khi lng nhiu hn lng este l 13,56% (so vi lng
este). Xc nh cng thc cu to ca este.
A. CH
3
COO CH
3
.
B. CH
3
OCOCOOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOCOOCH
3
.
D. CH
3
COOCH
2
COOCH
3
.
Hng dn gii
R(COOR')
2
+ 2NaOH R(COONa)
2
+ 2R'OH
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,2 mol

7

R OH
6, 4
M 32
0, 2
'
= = Ru CH
3
OH.
m
este
+ m
NaOH
= m
mui
+ m
ru

m
mui
m
este
= 0,240 64 = 1,6 gam.
m m
mui
m
este
=
13,56
100
m
este
m
este
=
1,6 100
11,8 gam
13,56
= M
este
= 118 vC
R + (44 + 15)2 = 118 R = 0.
Vy cng thc cu to ca este l CH
3
OCOCOOCH
3
. (p n B)
V d 8: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam hn hp 2 este n chc l ng phn ca nhau bng dung dch
NaOH thu c 11,08 gam hn hp mui v 5,56 gam hn hp ru. Xc nh cng thc cu to
ca 2 este.
A. HCOOCH
3
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
,
B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. HCOOC
3
H
7
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
.
D. C B, C u ng.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc trung bnh tng qut ca hai este n chc ng phn l RCOOR' .
RCOOR' + NaOH RCOONa + R'OH
11,44 11,08 5,56 gam
M
NaOH
= 11,08 + 5,56 11,44 = 5,2 gam

NaOH
5, 2
n 0,13 mol
40
= =

RCOONa
11,08
M 85,23
0,13
= = R 18,23 =

R OH
5,56
M 42,77
0,13
'
= = R 25,77 ' =

RCOOR
11,44
M 88
0,13
'
= =
CTPT ca este l C
4
H
8
O
2

Vy cng thc cu to 2 este ng phn l:
HCOOC
3
H
7
v C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

hoc C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
v

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. (p n D)
V d 9: Chia hn hp gm hai anehit no n chc lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam H
2
O.
VNMATHS.TK

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- Phn 2: Tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) th thu c hn hp A. em t chy hon ton th th tch
kh CO
2
(ktc) thu c l
A. 1,434 lt. B. 1,443 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Phn 1: V anehit no n chc nn
2 2
CO H O
n n = = 0,06 mol.

2
CO C
n n 0,06
(phn 2) (phn 2)
= = mol.
Theo bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng ta c:

C C ( A)
n n 0,06
(phn 2)
= = mol.

2
CO ( A)
n = 0,06 mol

2
CO
V = 22,40,06 = 1,344 lt. (p n C)
V d 10: Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau khi
kt thc th nghim thu c B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s cho hp th
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d th thu c 9,062 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng Fe
2
O
3
trong hn
hp A l
A. 86,96%. B. 16,04%. C. 13,04%. D.6,01%.
Hng dn gii
0,04 mol hn hp A (FeO v Fe
2
O
3
) + CO 4,784 gam hn hp B + CO
2
.
CO
2
+ Ba(OH)
2 d
BaCO
3 |
+ H
2
O

2 3
CO BaCO
n n 0,046 mol = =
v
2
CO( ) CO
n n 0,046 mol
p.
= =
m
A
+ m
CO
= m
B
+
2
CO
m
m
A
= 4,784 + 0,04644 0,04628 = 5,52 gam.
t n
FeO
= x mol,
2
Fe O
3
n y mol = trong hn hp B ta c:

x y 0,04
72x 160y 5,52
+ =
+ =

x 0,01 mol
y 0,03 mol
=

%m
FeO
=
0,01 72 101
13,04%
5,52

=
%Fe
2
O
3
= 86,96%. (p n A)

MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP S DNG NH LUT
BO TON KHI LNG
01. Ha tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X
(ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c
lng mui khan l

9
02. Cho 15 gam hn hp 3 amin n chc, bc mt tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 1,2 M th thu c
18,504 gam mui. Th tch dung dch HCl phi dng l
A. 0,8 lt. B. 0,08 lt. C. 0,4 lt. D. 0,04 lt.
03. Trn 8,1 gam bt Al vi 48 gam bt Fe
2
O
3
ri cho tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng
c khng kh, kt thc th nghim lng cht rn thu c l
04. Ha tan hon ton 10,0 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi (ng trc H trong dy in ha) bng dung
dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c lng mui khan
l
05. Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm CaCO
3
v Na
2
CO
3
thu c 11,6 gam cht rn v 2,24 lt
kh (ktc). Hm lng % CaCO
3
trong X l
A. 6,25%. B. 8,62%. C. 50,2%. D. 62,5%.
06. Cho 4,4 gam hn hp hai kim loi nhm I
A
hai chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu
c 4,48 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui tan. Tn hai kim loi v khi lng m l
A. 11 gam; Li v Na. B. 18,6 gam; Li v Na.
C. 18,6 gam; Na v K. D. 12,7 gam; Na v K.
07. t chy hon ton 18 gam FeS
2
v cho ton b lng SO
2
vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,125M. Khi
lng mui to thnh l
A. 57,40 gam. B. 56,35 gam. C. 59,17 gam. D.58,35 gam.
08. Ha tan 33,75 gam mt kim loi M trong dung dch HNO
3
long, d thu c 16,8 lt kh X (ktc) gm hai
kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 17,8.
a) Kim loi l
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Al.
b) Nu dng dung dch HNO
3
2M v ly d 25% th th tch dung dch cn ly l
A. 3,15 lt. B. 3,00 lt. C. 3,35 lt. D. 3,45 lt.
09. Ho tan hon ton 15,9 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 6,72
lt kh NO v dung dch X. em c cn dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
10. Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe
2
O
3
, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H
2
SO
4
0,1M (va ).
Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l
p n cc bi tp vn dng:
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. D
6. B 7. D 8. a-D, b-B 9. B 10. A
Phng php 2
BO TON MOL NGUYN T
C rt nhiu phng php gii ton ha hc khc nhau nhng phng php bo ton nguyn t v
phng php bo ton s mol electron cho php chng ta gp nhiu phng trnh phn ng li lm mt, qui
gn vic tnh ton v nhm nhanh p s. Rt ph hp vi vic gii cc dng bi ton ha hc trc nghim.
VNMATHS.TK

10
Cch thc gp nhng phng trnh lm mt v cch lp phng trnh theo phng php bo ton nguyn t s
c gii thiu trong mt s v d sau y.
V d 1: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
cn 0,05 mol H
2
. Mt khc ha tan
hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c thu c th tch kh SO
2
(sn phm
kh duy nht) iu kin tiu chun l
A. 448 ml. B. 224 ml. C. 336 ml. D. 112 ml.
Hng dn gii
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit trn l
H
2
+ O H
2
O
0,05 0,05 mol
t s mol hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
ln lt l x, y, z. Ta c:
n
O
= x + 4y + 3z = 0,05 mol (1)

Fe
3,04 0,05 16
n 0,04 mol
56

= =
x + 3y + 2z = 0,04 mol (2)
Nhn hai v ca (2) vi 3 ri tr (1) ta c:
x + y = 0,02 mol.
Mt khc:
2FeO + 4H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O
x x/2
2Fe
3
O
4
+ 10H
2
SO
4
3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 10H
2
O
y y/2
tng:
SO2
x y 0,2
n 0,01 mol
2 2
+
= = =
Vy:
2
SO
V 224 ml. = (p n B)
V d 2: Thi t t V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H
2
i qua mt ng ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit:
CuO, Fe
3
O
4
, Al
2
O
3
nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn v mt
hn hp kh v hi nng hn khi lng ca hn hp V l 0,32 gam. Tnh V v m.
A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam. B. 0,448 lt v 18,46 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam. D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam.
Hng dn gii
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit trn l
CO + O CO
2

H
2
+ O H
2
O.
Khi lng hn hp kh to thnh nng hn hn hp kh ban u chnh l khi lng ca nguyn t
Oxi trong cc oxit tham gia phn ng. Do vy:
m
O
= 0,32 gam.

O
0,32
n 0,02 mol
16
= =

11

( )
2
CO H
n n 0,02 mol + = .
m
oxit
= m
cht rn
+ 0,32
16,8 = m + 0,32
m = 16,48 gam.

2
hh (CO H )
V 0,02 22, 4 0, 448
+
= = lt. (p n D)
V d 3: Thi rt chm 2,24 lt (ktc) mt hn hp kh gm CO v H
2
qua mt ng s ng hn hp Al
2
O
3
,
CuO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
c khi lng l 24 gam d ang c un nng. Sau khi kt thc phn ng
khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l
Hng dn gii

2
hh (CO H )
2,24
n 0,1 mol
22,4
+
= =
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit l:
CO + O CO
2

H
2
+ O H
2
O.
Vy:
2
O CO H
n n n 0,1 mol = + = .
m
O
= 1,6 gam.
Khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l: 24 1,6 = 22,4 gam. (p n A)
V d 4: Cho m gam mt ancol (ru) no, n chc X qua bnh ng CuO (d), nung nng. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi i
vi hiro l 15,5. Gi tr ca m l
Hng dn gii
C
n
H
2n+1
CH
2
OH + CuO
o
t
C
n
H
2n+1
CHO + Cu
|
+ H
2
O
Khi lng cht rn trong bnh gim chnh l s gam nguyn t O trong CuO phn ng. Do nhn
c:
m
O
= 0,32 gam
O
0,32
n 0,02 mol
16
= =
Hn hp hi gm:
n 2n 1
2
C H CHO : 0,02 mol
H O : 0,02 mol.
+

Vy hn hp hi c tng s mol l 0,04 mol.
C M= 31
m
hh hi
= 31 0,04 = 1,24 gam.
m
ancol
+ 0,32 = m
hh hi

m
ancol
= 1,24 0,32 = 0,92 gam. (p n A)
Ch : Vi ru bc (I) hoc ru bc (II) u tha mn u bi.
VNMATHS.TK

12
V d 5: t chy hon ton 4,04 gam mt hn hp bt kim loi gm Al, Fe, Cu trong khng kh thu c
5,96 gam hn hp 3 oxit. Ha tan ht hn hp 3 oxit bng dung dch HCl 2M. Tnh th tch dung
dch HCl cn dng.
A. 0,5 lt. B. 0,7 lt. C. 0,12 lt. D. 1 lt.
Hng dn gii
m
O
= m
oxit
m
kl
= 5,96 4,04 = 1,92 gam.

O
1,92
n 0,12 mol
16
= = .
Ha tan ht hn hp ba oxit bng dung dch HCl to thnh H
2
O nh sau:
2H
+
+ O
2
H
2
O
0,24 0,12 mol

HCl
0,24
V 0,12
2
= = lt. (p n C)
V d 6: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacbonxylic n chc cn va V lt O
2
( ktc), thu c
0,3 mol CO
2
v 0,2 mol H
2
O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96 lt. B. 11,2 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Hng dn gii
Axit cacbonxylic n chc c 2 nguyn t Oxi nn c th t l RO
2
. Vy:
2 2 2 2
O ( RO ) O (CO ) O (CO ) O ( H O)
n n n n + = +
0,12 + n
O (p.)
= 0,32 + 0,21
n
O (p.)
= 0,6 mol

2
O
n 0,3 mol =

2
O
V 6,72 = lt. (p n C)
V d 7: (Cu 46 - M 231 - TSC Khi A 2007)
Cho 4,48 lt CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit
st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO
2
trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l
A. FeO; 75%. B. Fe
2
O
3
; 75%.
C. Fe
2
O
3
; 65%. D. Fe
3
O
4
; 65%.
Hng dn gii
Fe
x
O
y
+ yCO xFe + yCO
2

Kh thu c c M 40 = gm 2 kh CO
2
v CO d

2
CO
CO
n
3
n 1
=
2
CO
%V 75% = .
Mt khc:
2
CO ( ) CO
75
n n 0, 2 0,15
100
p.
= = = mol n
CO d
= 0,05 mol.
2
CO
CO
n 44 12
40
n 28 4

13
Thc cht phn ng kh oxit st l do
CO + O
(trong oxit st)
CO
2

n
CO
= n
O
= 0,15 mol m
O
= 0,1516 = 2,4 gam
m
Fe
= 8 2,4 = 5,6 gam n
Fe
= 0,1 mol.
Theo phng trnh phn ng ta c:

2
Fe
CO
n x 0,1 2
n y 0,15 3
= = = Fe
2
O
3
. (p n B)
V d 8: Cho hn hp A gm Al, Zn, Mg. em oxi ho hon ton 28,6 gam A bng oxi d thu c 44,6
gam hn hp oxit B. Ho tan ht B trong dung dch HCl thu c dung dch D. C cn dung dch
D c hn hp mui khan l
A. 99,6 gam. B. 49,8 gam.
C. 74,7 gam. D. 100,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
Gi M l kim loi i din cho ba kim loi trn vi ho tr l n.
M +
n
2
O
2
M
2
O
n
(1)
M
2
O
n
+ 2nHCl 2MCl
n
+ nH
2
O (2)
Theo phng trnh (1) (2)
2
HCl O
n 4.n = .
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
2
O
m 44,6 28,6 16 = = gam

2
O
n 0,5 = mol n
HCl
= 40,5 = 2 mol

Cl
n 2 mol
=
m
mui
= m
hhkl
+
Cl
m

= 28,6 + 235,5 = 99,6 gam. (p n A)
V d 9: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng 0,01 mol FeO v 0,03 mol Fe
2
O
3
(hn hp A) t nng.
Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 4,784 gam cht rn B gm 4 cht. Ho tan cht rn B bng
dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 0,6272 lt H
2
( ktc). Tnh s mol oxit st t trong hn hp B. Bit
rng trong B s mol oxit st t bng 1/3 tng s mol st (II) oxit v st (III) oxit.
A. 0,006. B. 0,008. C. 0,01. D. 0,012.
Hng dn gii
Hn hp A
2 3
FeO : 0,01 mol
Fe O : 0,03 mol
+ CO 4,784 gam B (Fe, Fe

2
O
3
, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
) tng ng vi s mol
l: a, b, c, d (mol).
Ho tan B bng dung dch HCl d thu c
2
H
n 0,028 = mol.
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2

a = 0,028 mol. (1)
Theo u bi:
( )
3 4 2 3
Fe O FeO Fe O
1
n n n
3
= + ( )
1
d b c
3
= + (2)
Tng m
B
l: (56.a + 160.b + 72.c + 232.d) = 4,78 gam. (3)
VNMATHS.TK

14
S mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp A bng s mol nguyn t Fe trong hn hp B. Ta c:
n
Fe (A)
= 0,01 + 0,032 = 0,07 mol
n
Fe (B)
= a + 2b + c + 3d
a + 2b + c + 3d = 0,07 (4)
T (1, 2, 3, 4) b = 0,006 mol
c = 0,012 mol
d = 0,006 mol. (p n A)
V d 10: Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v Fe
x
O
y
bng H
2
d nhit cao thu c 17,6 gam hn
hp 2 kim loi. Khi lng H
2
O to thnh l
Hng dn gii
m
O (trong oxit)
= m
oxit
m
kloi
= 24 17,6 = 6,4 gam.

( )
2
O H O
m 6, 4 = gam ;
2
H O
6, 4
n 0,4
16
= = mol.

2
H O
m 0,4 18 7, 2 = = gam. (p n C)
V d 11: Kh ht m gam Fe
3
O
4
bng CO thu c hn hp A gm FeO v Fe. A tan va trong 0,3 lt
dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M cho ra 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh m?
Hng dn gii
Fe
3
O
4
(FeO, Fe) 3Fe
2+

n mol

( )
2
4
4
Fe trong FeSO
SO
n n 0,3
= = mol
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe:

( ) ( )
4 3 4
Fe FeSO Fe Fe O
n n =
3n = 0,3 n = 0,1

3 4
Fe O
m 23,2 = gam (p n A)
V d 12: un hai ru n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c, 140
o
C c hn hp ba ete. Ly 0,72 gam mt trong ba
ete em t chy hon ton thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
v 0,72 gam H
2
O. Hai ru l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. CH
3
OH v C
3
H
5
OH.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc tng qut ca mt trong ba ete l C
x
H
y
O, ta c:

C
0,72
m 12 0,48
44
= = gam ;
H
0,72
m 2 0,08
18
= = gam
m
O
= 0,72 0,48 0,08 = 0,16 gam.

0,48 0,08 0,16
x : y :1 : :
12 1 16
= = 4 : 8 : 1.
Cng thc phn t ca mt trong ba ete l C
4
H
8
O.

15
Cng thc cu to l CH
3
OCH
2
CH=CH
2
.
Vy hai ancol l CH
3
OH v CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH. (p n D)

MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP BO TON MOL
NGUYN T
01. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1mol Fe
2
O
3
vo dung dch HNO
3
long, d thu
c dung dch A v kh B khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh. Dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c cht rn c khi lng l
02. Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X gm Fe,
FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Ha tan hon ton X bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung
dch Y, lng mui khan thu c l
03. Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu
c l
04. t chy hn hp hirocacbon X thu c 2,24 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. Th tch O
2
tham gia
phn ng chy (ktc) l
A. 5,6 lt. B. 2,8 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,92 lt.
05. Ho tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe
2
O
3
trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2

ktc v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta, nung trong khng
kh n khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
06. Hn hp X gm Mg v Al
2
O
3
. Cho 3 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng V lt kh (ktc).
Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NH
3
d, lc v nung kt ta c 4,12 gam bt oxit. V
c gi tr l:
A. 1,12 lt. B. 1,344 lt. C. 1,568 lt. D. 2,016 lt.
07. Hn hp A gm Mg, Al, Fe, Zn. Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng 0,1 gam kh.
Cho 2 gam A tc dng vi kh clo d thu c 5,763 gam hn hp mui. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe
trong A l
A. 8,4%. B. 16,8%. C. 19,2%. D. 22,4%.
08. (Cu 2 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007)
t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng kh (trong
khng kh Oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 9,9 gam H
2
O. Th tch khng
kh (ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
09. Ho tan hon ton 5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi X v Y bng dung dch HCl thu c dung dch A v kh H
2
.
C cn dung dch A thu c 5,71 gam mui khan. Hy tnh th tch kh H
2
thu c ktc.
A. 0,56 lt. B. 0,112 lt. C. 0,224 lt D. 0,448 lt
VNMATHS.TK

16
10. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp Y gm C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
th thu c 12,98 gam CO
2
v 5,76
gam H
2
O. Vy m c gi tr l
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C

Phng php 3
BO TON MOL ELECTRON
Trc ht cn nhn mnh y khng phi l phng php cn bng phn ng oxi ha - kh, mc d
phng php thng bng electron dng cn bng phn ng oxi ha - kh cng da trn s bo ton
electron.
Nguyn tc ca phng php nh sau: khi c nhiu cht oxi ha, cht kh trong mt hn hp phn ng
(nhiu phn ng hoc phn ng qua nhiu giai on) th tng s electron ca cc cht kh cho phi bng
tng s electron m cc cht oxi ha nhn. Ta ch cn nhn nh ng trng thi u v trng thi cui ca
cc cht oxi ha hoc cht kh, thm ch khng cn quan tm n vic cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng.
Phng php ny c bit l th i vi cc bi ton cn phi bin lun nhiu trng hp c th xy ra.
Sau y l mt s v d in hnh.
V d 1: Oxi ha hon ton 0,728 gam bt Fe ta thu c 1,016 gam hn hp hai oxit st (hn hp A).
1. Ha tan hn hp A bng dung dch axit nitric long d. Tnh th tch kh NO duy nht bay ra ( ktc).
A. 2,24 ml. B. 22,4 ml. C. 33,6 ml. D. 44,8 ml.
2. Cng hn hp A trn trn vi 5,4 gam bt Al ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (hiu sut 100%).
Ha tan hn hp thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl d. Tnh th tch bay ra ( ktc).
A. 6,608 lt. B. 0,6608 lt. C. 3,304 lt. D. 33,04. lt
Hng dn gii
1. Cc phn ng c th c:
2Fe + O
2

o
t
2FeO (1)
2Fe + 1,5O
2

o
t
Fe
2
O
3
(2)
3Fe + 2O
2

o
t
Fe
3
O
4
(3)
Cc phn ng ha tan c th c:
3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
|
+ 5H
2
O (4)
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (5)

17
3Fe
3
O
4
+ 28HNO
3
9Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
|
+ 14H
2
O (6)
Ta nhn thy tt c Fe t Fe
0
b oxi ha thnh Fe
+3
, cn N
+5
b kh thnh N
+2
, O
2
0
b kh thnh 2O
2

nn phng trnh bo ton electron l:

0,728
3n 0,009 4 3 0,039
56
+ = = mol.
trong , n l s mol NO thot ra. Ta d dng rt ra
n = 0,001 mol;
V
NO
= 0,00122,4 = 0,0224 lt = 22,4 ml. (p n B)
2. Cc phn ng c th c:
2Al + 3FeO
o
t
3Fe + Al
2
O
3
(7)
2Al + Fe
2
O
3

o
t
2Fe + Al
2
O
3
(8)
8Al + 3Fe
3
O
4

o
t
9Fe + 4Al
2
O
3
(9)
Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
|
(10)
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
|
(11)
Xt cc phn ng (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) ta thy Fe
0
cui cng thnh Fe
+2
, Al
0
thnh Al
+3
, O
2
0
thnh
2O
2
v 2H
+
thnh H
2
nn ta c phng trnh bo ton electron nh sau:

5, 4 3
0,013 2 0,009 4 n 2
27
+ = +
Fe
0
Fe
+2
Al
0
Al
+3
O
2
0
2O
2
2H
+
H
2

n = 0,295 mol

2
H
V 0, 295 22,4 6,608 = = lt. (p n A)
Nhn xt: Trong bi ton trn cc bn khng cn phi bn khon l to thnh hai oxit st (hn hp A)
gm nhng oxit no v cng khng cn phi cn bng 11 phng trnh nh trn m ch cn quan tm ti
trng thi u v trng thi cui ca cc cht oxi ha v cht kh ri p dng lut bo ton electron tnh
lc bt c cc giai on trung gian ta s tnh nhm nhanh c bi ton.
V d 2: Trn 0,81 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe
2
O
3
v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu
c hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO
3
un nng thu c V lt kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht) ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Hng dn gii
Tm tt theo s :
o
2 3 t
NO
Fe O
0,81 gam Al V ?
CuO
3
ha tan hon ton
dung dch HNO
hn hp A
+ =

Thc cht trong bi ton ny ch c qu trnh cho v nhn electron ca nguyn t Al v N.
Al Al
+3
+ 3e

0,81
27
0,09 mol
v N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

VNMATHS.TK

18
0,09 mol 0,03 mol
V
NO
= 0,0322,4 = 0,672 lt. (p n D)
Nhn xt: Phn ng nhit nhm cha bit l hon ton hay khng hon ton do hn hp A khng
xc nh c chnh xc gm nhng cht no nn vic vit phng trnh ha hc v cn bng phng trnh
phc tp. Khi ha tan hon ton hn hp A trong axit HNO
3
th Al
0
to thnh Al
+3
, nguyn t Fe v Cu c
bo ton ha tr.
C bn s thc mc lng kh NO cn c to bi kim loi Fe v Cu trong hn hp A. Thc cht
lng Al phn ng b li lng Fe v Cu to thnh.
V d 3: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (n
Al
= n
Fe
) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
v AgNO
3
.
Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon ton cht rn A vo
dung dch HCl d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng
C
M
ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
v ca AgNO
3
ln lt l
A. 2M v 1M. B. 1M v 2M.
C. 0,2M v 0,1M. D. kt qu khc.
Tm tt s :
Al Fe
8,3 gam hn hp X
(n = n )
Al
Fe
+ 100 ml dung dch Y

3
3 2
AgNO : x mol
Cu(NO ) :y mol

Cht rn A
(3 kim loi)

2
HCl d
1,12 lt H
2,8 gam cht rn khng tan B
+
`

Hng dn gii
Ta c: n
Al
= n
Fe
=
8,3
0,1 mol.
83
=
t
3
AgNO
n x mol = v
3 2
Cu( NO )
n y mol =
X + Y Cht rn A gm 3 kim loi.
Al ht, Fe cha phn ng hoc cn d. Hn hp hai mui ht.
Qu trnh oxi ha:
Al Al
3+
+ 3e Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,2
Tng s mol e nhng bng 0,5 mol.
Qu trnh kh:
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu 2H
+
+ 2e H
2

x x x y 2y y 0,1 0,05
Tng s e mol nhn bng (x + 2y + 0,1).
Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c phng trnh:
x + 2y + 0,1 = 0,5 hay x + 2y = 0,4 (1)
Mt khc, cht rn B khng tan l: Ag: x mol ; Cu: y mol.
108x + 64y = 28 (2)

19
Gii h (1), (2) ta c:
x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,1 mol.

3
MAgNO
0,2
C
0,1
= = 2M;
3 2
MCu( NO )
0,1
C
0,1
= = 1M. (p n B)
V d 4: Ha tan 15 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch Y gm HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c
thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO
2
, NO, NO
2
, N
2
O. Phn trm khi lng ca Al v Mg trong X ln
lt l
A. 63% v 37%. B. 36% v 64%.
C. 50% v 50%. D. 46% v 54%.
Hng dn gii
t n
Mg
= x mol ; n
Al
= y mol. Ta c:
24x + 27y = 15. (1)
Qu trnh oxi ha:
Mg Mg
2+
+ 2e Al Al
3+
+ 3e
x 2x y 3y
Tng s mol e nhng bng (2x + 3y).
Qu trnh kh:
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
2N
+5
+ 24e 2N
+1

0,3 0,1 0,8 0,2
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4
S
+6
+ 2e S
+4

0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1
Tng s mol e nhn bng 1,4 mol.
Theo nh lut bo ton electron:
2x + 3y = 1,4 (2)
Gii h (1), (2) ta c: x = 0,4 mol ; y = 0,2 mol.

27 0, 2
%Al 100% 36%.
15
= =
%Mg = 100% 36% = 64%. (p n B)
V d 5: Trn 60 gam bt Fe vi 30 gam bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht
rn A. Ho tan A bng dung dch axit HCl d c dung dch B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O
2

(ktc). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. V c gi tr l
A. 11,2 lt. B. 21 lt. C. 33 lt. D. 49 lt.
Hng dn gii
V
Fe S
30
n n
32
> = nn Fe d v S ht.
Kh C l hn hp H
2
S v H
2
. t C thu c SO
2
v H
2
O. Kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh phn ng l
Fe v S nhng e, cn O
2
thu e.
Nhng e: Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
VNMATHS.TK

20

60
mol
56

60
2
56
mol
S S
+4
+ 4e

30
mol
32

30
4
32
mol
Thu e: Gi s mol O
2
l x mol.
O
2
+ 4e 2O
-2

x mol 4x
Ta c:
60 30
4x 2 4
56 32
= + gii ra x = 1,4732 mol.

2
O
V 22,4 1, 4732 33 = = lt. (p n C)
V d 6: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R
1
, R
2
c ho tr x, y khng i (R
1
, R
2
khng tc dng vi nc v
ng trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi
dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht ktc.
Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
th thu c bao nhiu lt
N
2
. Cc th tch kh o ktc.
A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,336 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Hng dn gii
Trong bi ton ny c 2 th nghim:
TN1: R
1
v R
2
nhng e cho Cu
2+
chuyn thnh Cu sau Cu li nhng e cho
5
N
+
thnh
2
N
+
(NO). S mol e do R
1
v R
2
nhng ra l

5
N
+
+ 3e
2
N
+

0,15 05 , 0
4 , 22
12 , 1
=
TN2: R
1
v R
2
trc tip nhng e cho
5
N
+
to ra N
2
. Gi x l s mol N
2
, th s mol e thu vo l
2
5
N
+
+ 10e
0
2
N
10x x mol
Ta c: 10x = 0,15 x = 0,015

2
N
V = 22,4.0,015 = 0,336 lt. (p n B)
V d 7: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c hn hp kh
gm 0,01 mol NO v 0,04 mol NO
2
. Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: t x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cu, Mg, Al.
Nhng e: Cu =
2
Cu
+
+ 2e Mg =
2
Mg
+
+ 2e Al =
3
Al
+
+ 3e
x x 2x y y 2y z z 3z

21
Thu e:
5
N
+
+ 3e =
2
N
+
(NO)
5
N
+
+ 1e =
4
N
+
(NO
2
)
0,03 0,01 0,04 0,04
Ta c: 2x + 2y + 3z = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07
v 0,07 cng chnh l s mol NO
3

Khi lng mui nitrat l:
1,35 + 620,07 = 5,69 gam. (p n C)
Cch 2:
Nhn nh mi: Khi cho kim loi hoc hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO
3
to hn hp
2 kh NO v NO
2
th

3 2
HNO NO NO
n 2n 4n = +

3
HNO
n 2 0,04 4 0,01 0,12 = + = mol

2
H O
n 0, 06 = mol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:

3 2 2
KL HNO mui NO NO H O
m m m m m m + = + + +
1,35 + 0,1263 = m
mui
+ 0,0130 + 0,0446 + 0,0618
m
mui
= 5,69 gam.
V d 8: (Cu 19 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH - 2007)
Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO
3
, thu c V lt ( ktc)
hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO
2
) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i
vi H
2
bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Hng dn gii
t n
Fe
= n
Cu
= a mol 56a + 64a = 12 a = 0,1 mol.
Cho e: Fe Fe
3+
+ 3e Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,2
Nhn e: N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4

3x x y y
Tng n
e
cho bng tng n
e
nhn.
3x + y = 0,5
Mt khc: 30x + 46y = 192(x + y).
x = 0,125 ; y = 0,125.
V
hh kh (ktc)
= 0,125222,4 = 5,6 lt. (p n C)
V d 9: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong
dung dch HNO
3
(d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
Hng dn gii
m gam Fe + O
2
3 gam hn hp cht rn X
3
HNO d
0,56 lt NO.
VNMATHS.TK

22
Thc cht cc qu trnh oxi ha - kh trn l:
Cho e: Fe Fe
3+
+ 3e

m
56

3m
56
mol e
Nhn e: O
2
+ 4e 2O
2
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

3 m
32

4(3 m)
32
mol e 0,075 mol 0,025 mol

3m
56
=
4(3 m)
32
+ 0,075
m = 2,52 gam. (p n A)
V d 10: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B ng trc H trong dy in ha v c ha tr khng i
trong cc hp cht. Chia m gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
long to ra 3,36 lt kh H
2
.
- Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht).
Bit cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Hng dn gii
t hai kim loi A, B l M.
- Phn 1: M + nH
+
M
n+
+
2
n
H
2
(1)
- Phn 2: 3M + 4nH
+
+ nNO
3
3M
n+
+ nNO + 2nH
2
O (2)
Theo (1): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca 2H
+
nhn;
Theo (2): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca N
+5
nhn.
Vy s mol e nhn ca 2H
+
bng s mol e nhn ca N
+5
.
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
v N
+5
+ 3e N
+2

0,3 0,15 mol 0,3 0,1 mol
V
NO
= 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt. (p n A)
V d 11: Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch HNO
3
ly d, ta c hn hp gm hai kh NO
2
v NO c V
X
=
8,96 lt (ktc) v t khi i vi O
2
bng 1,3125. Xc nh %NO v %NO
2
theo th tch trong hn
hp X v khi lng m ca Fe dng?
A. 25% v 75%; 1,12 gam. B. 25% v 75%; 11,2 gam.
C. 35% v 65%; 11,2 gam. D. 45% v 55%; 1,12 gam.
Hng dn gii
Ta c: n
X
= 0,4 mol; M
X
= 42.
S ng cho:

2
NO : 46 42 30 12
42
NO : 30 46 42 4
=
=

23

2
2
NO NO
NO NO
n : n 12 : 4 3
n n 0, 4 mol
= =
+ =

2
NO
NO
n 0,1 mol
n 0,3 mol
=

2
NO
NO
%V 25%
%V 75%
=

v Fe 3e Fe
3+
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4
3x x 0,3 0,1 0,3 0,3
Theo nh lut bo ton electron:
3x = 0,6 mol x = 0,2 mol
m
Fe
= 0,256 = 11,2 gam. (p p B).
V d 12: Cho 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 2 lt dung dch HNO
3
phn ng va thu c 1,792 lt kh X
(ktc) gm N
2
v NO
2
c t khi hi so vi He bng 9,25. Nng mol/lt HNO
3
trong dung dch
u l
A. 0,28M. B. 1,4M. C. 1,7M. D. 1,2M.
Hng dn gii
Ta c:
( )
2 2
N NO
X
M M
M 9, 25 4 37
2
+
= = =
l trung bnh cng khi lng phn t ca hai kh N
2
v NO
2
nn:

2 2
X
N NO
n
n n 0,04 mol
2
= = =
v NO
3
+ 10e N
2
NO
3
+ 1e NO
2

0,08 0,4 0,04 mol 0,04 0,04 0,04 mol
M M
n+
+ n.e
0,04 mol

3
HNO (b kh)
n 0,12 mol. =
Nhn nh mi: Kim loi nhng bao nhiu electron th cng nhn by nhiu gc NO
3
to mui.

3
HNO ( ) ( ) ( )
n n.e n.e 0,04 0, 4 0,44 mol.
to mui nhng nhn
= = = + =
Do :
3
HNO ( )
n 0,44 0,12 0,56 mol
phn ng
= + =
| |
3
0,56
HNO 0, 28M.
2
= = (p n A)
V d 13: Khi cho 9,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c, thy c 49 gam H
2
SO
4
tham gia
phn ng, to mui MgSO
4
, H
2
O v sn phm kh X. X l
A. SO
2
B. S C. H
2
S D. SO
2
, H
2
S
Hng dn gii
Dung dch H
2
SO
4
m c va l cht oxi ha va l mi trng.
Gi a l s oxi ha ca S trong X.
Mg Mg
2+
+ 2e S
+6
+ (6-a)e S
a
VNMATHS.TK

24
0,4 mol 0,8 mol 0,1 mol 0,1(6-a) mol
Tng s mol H
2
SO
4
dng l :
49
0,5
98
= (mol)
S mol H
2
SO
4
dng to mui bng s mol Mg = 9,6 : 24 = 0,4 mol.
S mol H
2
SO
4
dng oxi ha Mg l:
0,5 0,4 = 0,1 mol.
Ta c: 0,1(6 a) = 0,8 x = 2. Vy X l H
2
S. (p n C)
V d 14: a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi lng l
75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
m
c, nng thu c 6,72 lt kh SO
2
(ktc). Khi lng a gam l:
A. 56 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 22,4 gam. D. 25,3 gam.
Hng dn gii
S mol Fe ban u trong a gam:
Fe
a
n
56
= mol.
S mol O
2
tham gia phn ng:
2
O
75, 2 a
n
32
= mol.
Qu trnh oxi ha:
3
Fe Fe 3e
a 3a
mol mol
56 56
+
+ (1)
S mol e nhng:
e
3a
n mol
56
=
Qu trnh kh: O
2
+ 4e 2O
2
(2)
SO
4
2
+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2
+ 2H
2
O (3)
T (2), (3)
cho 2 2
e O SO
n 4n 2n = +

75,2 a 3a
4 2 0,3
32 56
= + =
a = 56 gam. (p n A)
V d 15: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO
3
d c 1,12 lt NO v NO
2
(ktc)
c khi lng mol trung bnh l 42,8. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l:
A. 9,65 gam B. 7,28 gam C. 4,24 gam D. 5,69 gam
Hng dn gii
Da vo s ng cho tnh c s mol NO v NO
2
ln lt l 0,01 v 0,04 mol. Ta c cc bn
phn ng:
NO
3
+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O
NO
3
+ 2H
+
+ 1e NO
2
+ H
2
O
Nh vy, tng electron nhn l 0,07 mol.
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol Cu, Mg, Al c trong 1,35 gam hn hp kim loi. Ta c cc bn phn ng:
Cu Cu
2+
+ 2e Mg Mg
2+
+ 2e Al Al
3+
+ 3e
2x + 2y + 3z = 0,07.

25
Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l:
m =
3 2
Cu( NO )
m +
3 2
Mg( NO )
m +
3 3
Al( NO )
m
= 1,35 + 62(2x + 2y + 3z)
= 1,35 + 62 0,07 = 5,69 gam.

MT S BI TP VN DNG GIAI THEO PHNG PHP BO TOM MOL
ELECTRON
01. Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch HNO
3
rt long th thu c hn hp gm 0,015 mol kh
N
2
O v 0,01mol kh NO (phn ng khng to NH
4
NO
3
). Gi tr ca m l
02. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe
2
O
3
t nng. Sau khi kt
thc th nghim thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s hp th vo dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
d, th thu c 4,6 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng FeO trong hn hp A l
A. 68,03%. B. 13,03%. C. 31,03%. D. 68,97%.
03. Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H
2
.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO
3
long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
04. Dung dch X gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
c cng nng . Ly mt lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al; 0,05
mol Fe cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti kh phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y cha 3 kim loi.Cho
Y vo HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng ca hai mui l
A. 0,3M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,42M. D. 0,45M.
05. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO
3
d c 896 ml hn hp gm NO v NO
2
c M 42 = .
Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc).
06. Ha tan ht 4,43 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO
3
long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn
hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh b ha thnh mu nu trong
khng kh. Tnh s mol HNO
3
phn ng.
A. 0,51 mol. B. A. 0,45 mol. C. 0,55 mol. D. 0,49 mol.
07. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm ba kim loi bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh D
(ktc) gm NO
2
v NO. T khi hi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. Tnh th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO
3

37,8% (d = 1,242g/ml) cn dng.
A. 20,18 ml. B. 11,12 ml. C. 21,47 ml. D. 36,7 ml.
08. Ha tan 6,25 gam hn hp Zn v Al vo 275 ml dung dch HNO
3
thu c dung dch A, cht rn B gm
cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516 gam v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D ( ktc) gm NO v NO
2
. T khi
ca hn hp D so vi H
2
l 16,75. Tnh nng mol/l ca HNO
3
v tnh khi lng mui khan thu c
khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng.
A. 0,65M v 11,794 gam. B. 0,65M v 12,35 gam.
C. 0,75M v 11,794 gam. D. 0,55M v 12.35 gam.
VNMATHS.TK

26
09. t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh ng O
2
thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v Fe.
Ha tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v
NO
2
. T khi ca B so vi H
2
bng 19. Th tch V ktc l
A. 672 ml. B. 336 ml. C. 448 ml. D. 896 ml.
10. Cho a gam hn hp A gm oxit FeO, CuO, Fe
2
O
3
c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng va
l 250 ml dung dch HNO
3
khi un nng nh, thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm
NO
2
v NO c t khi so vi hiro l 20,143. Tnh a.
p n cc bi tp vn dng
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C
6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A
Phng php 4
S DNG PHNG TRNH ION - ELETRON
lm tt cc bi ton bng phng php ion iu u tin cc bn phi nm chc phng trnh phn
ng di dng cc phn t t suy ra cc phng trnh ion, i khi c mt s bi tp khng th gii theo
cc phng trnh phn t c m phi gii da theo phng trnh ion. Vic gii bi ton ha hc bng
phng php ion gip chng ta hiu k hn v bn cht ca cc phng trnh ha hc. T mt phng trnh
ion c th ng vi rt nhiu phng trnh phn t. V d phn ng gia hn hp dung dch axit vi dung
dch baz u c chung mt phng trnh ion l
H
+
+ OH
H
2
O
hoc phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO
3
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
l
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O...
Sau y l mt s v d:
V d 1: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung dch
Y gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo
dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh
thot ra ktc thuc phng n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt.
C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
.
Hn hp X gm: (Fe
3
O
4
0,2 mol; Fe 0,1 mol) tc dng vi dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,2 0,2 0,4 mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
|

0,1 0,1 mol
Dung dch Z: (Fe
2+
: 0,3 mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4 mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
:
3Fe
2+
+ NO
3
+ 4H
+
3Fe
3+
+ NO
|
+ 2H
2
O
0,3 0,1 0,1 mol

27
V
NO
= 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.

3 2
3
Cu( NO )
NO
1
n n 0,05
2

= = mol

3 2
dd Cu( NO )
0,05
V 0,05
1
= = lt (hay 50 ml). (p n C)
V d 2: Ha tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,344 lt. B. 1,49 lt. C. 0,672 lt. D. 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii

3
HNO
n 0,12 = mol ;
2 4
H SO
n 0,06 = mol
Tng:
H
n 0, 24
+
= mol v
3
NO
n 0,12
= mol.
Phng trnh ion:
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,1 0,24 0,12 mol
Phn ng: 0,09 0,24 0,06 0,06 mol
Sau phn ng: 0,01 (d) (ht) 0,06 (d)
V
NO
= 0,0622,4 = 1,344 lt. (p n A)
V d 3: Dung dch X cha dung dch NaOH 0,2M v dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,1M. Sc 7,84 lt kh CO
2
(ktc)
vo 1 lt dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l
Hng dn gii

2
CO
n = 0,35 mol ; n
NaOH
= 0,2 mol;
2
Ca(OH)
n = 0,1 mol.
Tng:
OH
n

= 0,2 + 0,12 = 0,4 mol v
2
Ca
n
+
= 0,1 mol.
Phng trnh ion rt gn:
CO
2
+ 2OH
CO
3
2
+ H
2
O
0,35 0,4
0,2 0,4 0,2 mol

2
CO ( )
n
d
= 0,35 0,2 = 0,15 mol
tip tc xy ra phn ng:
CO
3
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O 2HCO
3

Ban u: 0,2 0,15 mol
Phn ng: 0,15 0,15 mol

2
3
CO
n

cn li bng 0,15 mol

3
CaCO
n
|
= 0,05 mol

3
CaCO
m = 0,05100 = 5 gam. (p n B)
VNMATHS.TK

28
V d 4: Ha tan ht hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim loi kim th trong nc c dung dch A
v c 1,12 lt H
2
bay ra ( ktc). Cho dung dch cha 0,03 mol AlCl
3
vo dung dch A. khi lng
kt ta thu c l
Hng dn gii
Phn ng ca kim loi kim v kim loi kim th vi H
2
O:
M + nH
2
O M(OH)
n
+
2
n
H
2

T phng trnh ta c:

2
H
OH
n 2n
= = 0,1mol.
Dung dch A tc dng vi 0,03 mol dung dch AlCl
3
:
Al
3+
+ 3OH
Al(OH)
3|

Ban u: 0,03 0,1 mol
Phn ng: 0,03 0,09 0,03 mol

OH ( )
n
d
= 0,01mol
tip tc ha tan kt ta theo phng trnh:
Al(OH)
3
+ OH
AlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,01 0,01 mol
Vy:
3
Al(OH)
m = 780,02 = 1,56 gam. (p n B)
V d 5: Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu
kim loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht)
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
Cu + 2Fe
3+
2Fe
2+
+ Cu
2+

0,005 0,01 mol
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,15 0,03 mol H
+
d
Phn ng: 0,045 0,12 0,03 mol
m
Cu ti a
= (0,045 + 0,005) 64 = 3,2 gam. (p n C)
V d 6: Cho hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d thu c kt ta c khi lng
ng bng khi lng AgNO
3
phn ng. Tnh phn trm khi lng NaCl trong hn hp u.
A. 23,3% B. 27,84%. C. 43,23%. D. 31,3%.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh ion:
Ag
+
+ Cl
AgCl
|

Ag
+
+ Br
AgBr
|

29
t: n
NaCl
= x mol ; n
NaBr
= y mol
m
AgCl
+ m
AgBr
=
3( )
AgNO
m
p.

3
Cl Br NO
m m m

+ =
35,5x + 80y = 62(x + y)
x : y = 36 : 53
Chn x = 36, y = 53
NaCl
58,5 36 100
%m
58,5 36 103 53

=
+
= 27,84%. (p n B)
V d 7: Trn 100 ml dung dch A (gm KHCO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
1M) vo 100 ml dung dch B (gm NaHCO
3

1M v Na
2
CO
3
1M) thu c dung dch C.
Nh t t 100 ml dung dch D (gm H
2
SO
4
1M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch C thu c V lt CO
2

(ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ti d vo dung dch E th thu c m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt. B. 4,3 gam v 1,12 lt.
C. 43 gam v 2,24 lt. D. 3,4 gam v 5,6 lt.
Hng dn gii
Dung dch C cha: HCO
3
: 0,2 mol ; CO
3
2
: 0,2 mol.
Dung dch D c tng:
H
n
+
= 0,3 mol.
Nh t t dung dch C v dung dch D:
CO
3
2
+ H
+
HCO
3

0,2 0,2 0,2 mol
HCO
3
+ H
+
H
2
O + CO
2

Ban u: 0,4 0,1 mol
Phn ng: 0,1 0,1 0,1 mol

D: 0,3 mol
Tip tc cho dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch E:
Ba
2+
+ HCO
3
+ OH
BaCO
3|
+ H
2
O
0,3 0,3 mol
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4

0,1 0,1 mol

2
CO
V = 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.
Tng khi lng kt ta:
m = 0,3197 + 0,1233 = 82,4 gam. (p n A)
V d 8: Ha tan hon ton 7,74 gam mt hn hp gm Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch gm H
2
SO
4
0,28M
v HCl 1M thu c 8,736 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X.
Thm V lt dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,5M vo dung dch X thu c
lng kt ta ln nht.
a) S gam mui thu c trong dung dch X l
VNMATHS.TK

30
A. 38,93 gam. B. 38,95 gam.
C. 38,97 gam. D. 38,91 gam.
b) Th tch V l
A. 0,39 lt. B. 0,4 lt.
C. 0,41 lt. D. 0,42 lt.
c) Lng kt ta l
A. 54,02 gam. B. 53,98 gam.
C. 53,62 gam. D. 53,94 gam.
Hng dn gii
a) Xc nh khi lng mui thu c trong dung dch X:

2 4
H SO
n = 0,280,5 = 0,14 mol

2
4
SO
n

= 0,14 mol v
H
n
+
= 0,28 mol.
n
HCl
= 0,5 mol

H
n
+
= 0,5 mol v
Cl
n

= 0,5 mol.
Vy tng
H
n
+
= 0,28 + 0,5 = 0,78 mol.
M
2
H
n = 0,39 mol. Theo phng trnh ion rt gn:
Mg
0
+ 2H
+
Mg
2+
+ H
2
|
(1)
Al + 3H
+
Al
3+
+
3
2
H
2
|
(2)
Ta thy
2
H
H ( p-)
n 2n
+
= H
+
ht.
m
hh mui
= m
hh k.loi
+
2
4
SO Cl
m m

+
= 7,74 + 0,1496 + 0,535,5 = 38,93gam. (p n A)
b) Xc nh th tch V:

2
NaOH
Ba(OH)
n 1V mol
n 0, 5V mol
=
`
=

)

Tng
OH
n

= 2V mol v
2
Ba
n
+
= 0,5V mol.
Phng trnh to kt ta:
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4|
(3)
0,5V mol 0,14 mol
Mg
2+
+ 2OH
Mg(OH)
2|
(4)
Al
3+
+ 3OH
Al(OH)
3|
(5)
kt ta t ln nht th s mol OH
kt ta ht cc ion Mg
2+
v Al
3+
. Theo cc phng trnh phn
ng (1), (2), (4), (5) ta c:

H
n
+
=
OH
n

= 0,78 mol
2V = 0,78 V = 0,39 lt. (p n A)
c) Xc nh lng kt ta:

31

2
Ba
n
+
= 0,5V = 0,50,39 = 0,195 mol > 0,14 mol Ba
2+
d.

4
BaSO
m = 0,14233 = 32,62 gam.
Vy m
kt ta
=
4
BaSO
m + m
2 k.loi
+
OH
m

= 32,62 + 7,74 + 0,78 17 = 53,62 gam. (p n C)
V d 9: (Cu 40 - M 182 - TS i Hc - Khi A 2007)
Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H
2
SO
4

0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H
2
( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch
Y c pH l
A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
Hng dn gii
n
HCl
= 0,25 mol ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,125.
Tng:
H
n
+
= 0,5 mol ;

2
H ( )
n
to thnh
= 0,2375 mol.
Bit rng: c 2 mol ion H
+
1 mol H
2

vy 0,475 mol H
+
0,2375 mol H
2

H ( )
n
d
+
= 0,5 0,475 = 0,025 mol

0,025
H
0,25
+
=

= 0,1 = 10
1
M pH = 1. (p n A)
V d 10: (Cu 40 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Thc hin hai th nghim:
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5 M thot ra V
2

lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l
A. V
2
= V
1
. B. V
2
= 2V
1
. C. V
2
= 2,5V
1
. D. V
2
= 1,5V
1
.
Hng dn gii
TN1:
3
Cu
HNO
3,84
n 0,06 mol
64
n 0,08 mol
= =

3
H
NO
n 0,08 mol
n 0,08 mol
+

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,06 0,08 0,08 mol H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02 0,02 mol
V
1
tng ng vi 0,02 mol NO.
TN2: n
Cu
= 0,06 mol ;
3
HNO
n = 0,08 mol ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,04 mol.
Tng:
H
n
+
= 0,16 mol ;
VNMATHS.TK

32

3
NO
n

= 0,08 mol.
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
Ban u: 0,06 0,16 0,08 mol Cu v H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,06 0,16 0,04 0,04 mol
V
2
Nh vy V
2
= 2V
1
. (p n B)
V d 11: (Cu 33 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H
2
SO
4

0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
Hng dn gii

2
Ba(OH)
NaOH
n 0,01 mol
n 0,01 mol
=

`
=
)
Tng
OH
n

= 0,03 mol.

2 4
H SO
HCl
n 0,015 mol
n 0,005 mol
=

`
=
)
Tng
H
n
+
= 0,035 mol.
Khi trn hn hp dung dch baz vi hn hp dung dch axit ta c phng trnh ion rt gn:
H
+
+ OH
H
2
O
Bt u 0,035 0,03 mol
Phn ng: 0,03 0,03
Sau phn ng:
H ( )
n
d
+
= 0,035 0,03 = 0,005 mol.
Tng: V
dd (sau trn)
= 500 ml (0,5 lt).

0,005
H
0,5
+
=

= 0,01 = 10
2
pH = 2. (p n B)
V d 12: (Cu 18 - M 231 - TS Cao ng - Khi A 2007)
Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H
2
(
ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l
A. 150 ml. B. 75 ml. C. 60 ml. D. 30 ml.
Hng dn gii
Na + H
2
O NaOH +
1
2
H
2

Ba + 2H
2
O Ba(OH)
2
+ H
2

2
H
n = 0,15 mol, theo phng trnh tng s
2
2
H
OH (d X)
n 2n
= = 0,3 mol.
Phng trnh ion rt gn ca dung dch axit vi dung dch baz l
H
+
+ OH
H
2
O

H
n
+
=
OH
n

= 0,3 mol
2 4
H SO
n = 0,15 mol

2 4
H SO
0,15
V
2
= = 0,075 lt (75 ml). (p n B)

33
V d 13: Ha tan hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B trong dung dch HNO
3
long. Kt thc phn ng thu
c hn hp kh Y (gm 0,1 mol NO, 0,15 mol NO
2
v 0,05 mol N
2
O). Bit rng khng c
phn ng to mui NH
4
NO
3
. S mol HNO
3
phn ng l:
Hng dn gii
Ta c bn phn ng:
NO
3
+ 2H
+
+ 1e NO
2
+ H
2
O (1)
2 0,15 0,15
NO
3
+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O (2)
4 0,1 0,1
2NO
3
+ 10H
+
+ 8e N
2
O + 5H
2
O (3)
10 0,05 0,05
T (1), (2), (3) nhn c:

3
HNO
H
n n
p
+
=
= 2 0,15 4 0,1 10 0,05 + + = 1,2 mol. (p n D)

V d 14: Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Al v Mg phn ng vi dung dch hn hp hai axit HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
(c
nng) thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO
2
, NO, NO
2
. C cn dung dch sau phn ng khi lng mui
khan thu c l:
Hng dn gii
Ta c bn phn ng:
2NO
3
+ 2H
+
+ 1e NO
2
+ H
2
O + NO
3
(1)
0,1 0,1
4NO
3
+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O + 3NO
3
(2)
0,1 3 0,1
2SO
4
2
+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2
+ H
2
O + SO
4
2
(3)
0,1 0,1
T (1), (2), (3) s mol NO
3
to mui bng 0,1 + 3 0,1 = 0,4 mol;

s mol SO
4
2
to mui bng 0,1 mol.
m
mui
= m
k.loi
+
3
NO
m

+
2
4
SO
m

= 12,9 + 62 0,4 + 96 0,1 = 47,3. (p n C)
V d 15: Ha tan 10,71 gam hn hp gm Al, Zn, Fe trong 4 lt dung dch HNO
3
aM va thu c dung
dch A v 1,792 lt hn hp kh gm N
2
v N
2
O c t l mol 1:1. C cn dung dch A thu c m
(gam.) mui khan. gi tr ca m, a l:
A. 55,35 gam. v 2,2M B. 55,35 gam. v 0,22M
C. 53,55 gam. v 2,2M D. 53,55 gam. v 0,22M
Hng dn gii

2 2
N O N
1,792
n n 0,04
2 22, 4
= = =
mol.
VNMATHS.TK

34
Ta c bn phn ng:
2NO
3
+ 12H
+
+ 10e N
2
+ 6H
2
O
0,08 0,48 0,04
2NO
3
+ 10H
+
+ 8e N
2
O + 5H
2
O
0,08 0,4 0,04

3
HNO
H
n n 0,88
+
= = mol.

0,88
a 0,22
4
= = M.
S mol NO
3
to mui bng 0,88 (0,08 + 0,08) = 0,72 mol.

Khi lng mui bng 10,71 + 0,72 62 = 55,35 gam. (p n B)
V d 16: Ha tan 5,95 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol l 1:2 bng dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c
0,896 lt mt sn shm kh X duy nht cha nit. X l:
A. N
2
O B. N
2
C. NO D. NH
4
+

Hng dn gii
Ta c: n
Zn
= 0,05 mol; n
Al
= 0,1 mol.
Gi a l s mol ca N
x
O
y
, ta c:
Zn Zn
2+
+ 2e Al Al
3+
+ 3e
0,05 0,1 0,1 0,3
xNO
3
+ (6x 2y)H
+
+ (5x 2y)e N
x
O
y
+ (3x 2y)H
2
O
0,04(5x 2y) 0,04
0,04(5x 2y) = 0,4 5x 2y = 10
Vy X l N
2
. (p n B)
V d 17: Cho hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuFeS
2
v 0,09 mol Cu
2
FeS
2
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
d thu
c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO
2.
Thm BaCl
2
d vo dung dch X thu c
m gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH)
2
d vo dung dch X, ly kt ta nung trong khng
kh n khi lng khng i thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v a l:
A. 111,84g v 157,44g B. 111,84g v 167,44g
C. 112,84g v 157,44g A. 112,84g v 167,44g
Hng dn gii
Ta c bn phn ng:
CuFeS
2
+ 8H
2
O 17e Cu
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ 2SO
4
2
+ 16
+

0,15 0,15 0,15 0,3
Cu
2
FeS
2
+ 8H
2
O 19e 2Cu
2+
+ Fe
3+
+ 2SO
4
2
+ 16
+

0,09 0,18 0,09 0,18

2
4
SO
n 0, 48
= mol;
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4

0,48 0,48
m = 0,48 233 = 111,84 gam.

35
n
Cu
= 0,33 mol; n
Fe
= 0,24 mol.
Cu CuO 2Fe Fe
2
O
3

0,33 0,33 0,24 0,12
a = 0,33 80 + 0,12 160 + 111,84 = 157,44 gam. (p n A).
V d 18: Ha tan 4,76 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol 1:2 trong 400ml dung dch HNO
3
1M va , dc
dung dch X cha m gam mui khan v thy c kh thot ra. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25.8 gam. B. 26,9 gam. C. 27,8 gam. D. 28,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
n
Zn
= 0,04 mol; n
Al
= 0,08 mol.
- Do phn ng khng to kh nn trong dung dch to NH
4
NO
3
. Trong dung dch c:
0,04 mol Zn(NO
3
)
2
v 0,08 mol Al(NO
3
)
3
Vy s mol NO
3
cn li to NH
4
NO
3
l:
0,4 0,04 2 0,08 3 = 0,08 mol
- Do trong dung dch to 0,04 mol NH
4
NO
3

m = 0,04 189 + 0,08 213 + 0,04 80 = 27,8 gam. (p n C)

Phng php 5
S DNG CC GI TR TRUNG BNH
y l mt trong mt s phng php hin i nht cho php gii nhanh chng v n gin nhiu bi ton
ha hc v hn hp cc cht rn, lng cng nh kh.
Nguyn tc ca phng php nh sau: Khi lng phn t trung bnh (KLPTTB) (k hiu M) cng
nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh (KLNTTB) chnh l khi lng ca mt mol hn hp, nn n c
tnh theo cng thc:
M =
tng khi lng hn hp (tnh theo gam)
tng s mol cc cht trong hn hp
.

i i
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3 i
M n
M n M n M n ...
M
n n n ... n
+ + +
= =
+ + +

(1)
trong M
1
, M
2
,... l KLPT (hoc KLNT) ca cc cht trong hn hp; n
1
, n
2
,... l s mol tng ng ca cc
cht.
Cng thc (1) c th vit thnh:
VNMATHS.TK

36

1 2 3
1 2 3
i i i
n n n
M M . M . M . ...
n n n
= + + +

1 1 2 2 3 3
M M x M x M x ... = + + + (2)
trong x
1
, x
2
,... l % s mol tng ng (cng chnh l % khi lng) ca cc cht. c bit i vi cht
kh th x
1
, x
2
, ... cng chnh l % th tch nn cng thc (2) c th vit thnh:

i i
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3 i
M V
M V M V M V ...
M
V V V ... V
+ + +
= =
+ + +

(3)
trong V
1
, V
2
,... l th tch ca cc cht kh. Nu hn hp ch c 2 cht th cc cng thc (1), (2), (3) tng
ng tr thnh (1), (2), (3) nh sau:

1 1 2 1
M n M (n n )
M
n
+
= (1)
trong n l tng s s mol ca cc cht trong hn hp,

1 1 2 1
M M x M (1 x ) = + (2)
trong con s 1 ng vi 100% v

1 1 2 1
M V M (V V )
M
V
+
= (3)
trong V
1
l th tch kh th nht v V l tng th tch hn hp.
T cng thc tnh KLPTTB ta suy ra cc cng thc tnh KLNTTB.
Vi cc cng thc:

x y z 1
x y z 2
C H O ; n mol
C H O ; n mol
' ' '

ta c:
- Nguyn t cacbon trung bnh:

1 1 2 2
1 2
x n x n ...
x
n n ...
+ +
=
+ +

- Nguyn t hiro trung bnh:

1 1 2 2
1 2
y n y n ...
y
n n ...
+ +
=
+ +

v i khi tnh c c s lin kt t, s nhm chc trung bnh theo cng thc trn.
V d 1: Ha tan hon ton 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi phn nhm II
A
v thuc
hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch X v 672 ml
CO
2
( ktc).
1. Hy xc nh tn cc kim loi.
A. Be, Mg. B. Mg, Ca. C. Ca, Ba. D. Ca, Sr.
2. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 2 gam. B. 2,54 gam. C. 3,17 gam. D. 2,95 gam.
Hng dn gii
1. Gi A, B l cc kim loi cn tm. Cc phng trnh phn ng l

37
ACO
3
+ 2HCl ACl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|
(1)
BCO
3
+ 2HCl BCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|
(2)
(C th gi M l kim loi i din cho 2 kim loi A, B lc ch cn vit mt
phng trnh phn ng).
Theo cc phn ng (1), (2) tng s mol cc mui cacbonat bng:

2
CO
0,672
n 0,03
22,4
= = mol.
Vy KLPTTB ca cc mui cacbonat l

2,84
M 94,67
0,03
= = v A,B M 94,67 60 34,67 = =
V thuc 2 chu k lin tip nn hai kim loi l Mg (M = 24) v Ca (M = 40). (p n B)
2. KLPTTB ca cc mui clorua:
M 34,67 71 105,67 = + =
mui clorua
.
Khi lng mui clorua khan l 105,670,03 = 3,17 gam. (p n C)
V d 2: Trong t nhin, ng (Cu) tn ti di hai dng ng v
63
29
Cu v
65
29
Cu . KLNT (xp x khi lng
trung bnh) ca Cu l 63,55. Tnh % v khi lng ca mi loi ng v.
A.
65
Cu: 27,5% ;
63
Cu: 72,5%.
B.
65
Cu: 70% ;
63
Cu: 30%.
C.
65
Cu: 72,5% ;
63
Cu: 27,5%.
D.
65
Cu: 30% ;
63
Cu: 70%.
Hng dn gii
Gi x l % ca ng v
65
29
Cu ta c phng trnh:
M = 63,55 = 65.x + 63(1 x)
x = 0,275
Vy: ng v
65
Cu chim 27,5% v ng v
63
Cu chim 72,5%. (p n C)
V d 3: Hn hp kh SO
2
v O
2
c t khi so vi CH
4
bng 3. Cn thm bao nhiu lt O
2
vo 20 lt hn hp
kh cho t khi so vi CH
4
gim i 1/6, tc bng 2,5. Cc hn hp kh cng iu kin nhit
v p sut.
A. 10 lt. B. 20 lt. C. 30 lt. D. 40 lt.
Hng dn gii
Cch 1: Gi x l % th tch ca SO
2
trong hn hp ban u, ta c:
M = 163 = 48 = 64.x + 32(1 x)
x = 0,5
Vy: mi kh chim 50%. Nh vy trong 20 lt, mi kh chim 10 lt.
Gi V l s lt O
2
cn thm vo, ta c:

64 10 32(10 V)
M 2,5 16 40
20 V
+ +
' = = =
+
.
Gii ra c V = 20 lt. (p n B)
VNMATHS.TK

38
Cch 2:
Ghi ch: C th coi hn hp kh nh mt kh c KLPT chnh bng KLPT trung bnh ca hn hp, v d,
c th xem khng kh nh mt kh vi KLPT l 29.
Hn hp kh ban u coi nh kh th nht (20 lt c M = 163 = 48), cn O
2
thm vo coi nh kh th
hai, ta c phng trnh:

48 20 32V
M 2,5 16 40
20 V
+
= = =
+
,
Rt ra V = 20 lt. (p n B)
V d 4: C 100 gam dung dch 23% ca mt axit n chc (dung dch A). Thm 30 gam mt axit ng
ng lin tip vo dung dch ta c dung dch B. Trung ha 1/10 dung dch B bng 500 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,2M (va ) ta c dung dch C.
1. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cc axit.
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH.
B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH.
D. C
3
H
7
COOH v C
4
H
9
COOH.
2. C cn dung dch C th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
Hng dn gii
1. Theo phng php KLPTTB:

RCOOH
1 23
m 2,3
10 10
= = gam,

2
RCH COOH
1 30
m 3
10 10
= = gam.

2,3 3
M 53
0,1
+
= = .
Axit duy nht c KLPT < 53 l HCOOH (M = 46) v axit ng ng lin tip phi l CH
3
COOH (M =
60). (p n A)
2. Theo phng php KLPTTB:
V M
axit
= 53 nn M = 53+23 1 75 =
mui
. V s mol mui bng s mol axit bng 0,1 nn tng khi
lng mui bng 750,1 = 7,5 gam. (p n B)
V d 5: C V lt kh A gm H
2
v hai olefin l ng ng lin tip, trong H
2
chim 60% v th tch. Dn
hn hp A qua bt Ni nung nng c hn hp kh B. t chy hon ton kh B c 19,8 gam
CO
2
v 13,5 gam H
2
O. Cng thc ca hai olefin l
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
.
C. C
4
H
8
v C
5
H
10
. D. C
5
H
10
v C
6
H
12
.
Hng dn gii
t CTTB ca hai olefin l
n 2n
C H .
cng iu kin nhit v p sut th th tch t l vi s mol kh.
Hn hp kh A c:

39

n 2n
2
C H
H
n
0, 4 2
n 0,6 3
= = .
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng v nh lut bo ton nguyn t t chy hn hp kh B
cng chnh l t chy hn hp kh A. Ta c:

n 2n
C H +
2
3n
O
2
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O (1)
2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O (2)
Theo phng trnh (1) ta c:

2 2
CO H O
n n = = 0,45 mol.

n 2n
C H
0, 45
n
n
= mol.
Tng:
2
H O
13,5
n
18
= = 0,75 mol

2
H O ( pt 2)
n = 0,75 0,45 = 0,3 mol

2
H
n = 0,3 mol.
Ta c:
n 2n
2
C H
H
n
0, 45 2
n 0,3 n 3
= =

n = 2,25
Hai olefin ng ng lin tip l C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
. (p n B)
V d 6: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ru no, n chc lin tip trong dy ng ng thu c
3,584 lt CO
2
ktc v 3,96 gam H
2
O. Tnh a v xc nh CTPT ca cc ru.
A. 3,32 gam ; CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH.
B. 4,32 gam ; C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. 2,32 gam ; C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
D. 3,32 gam ; C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
Hng dn gii
Gi n l s nguyn t C trung bnh v x l tng s mol ca hai ru.
C
n
H
2n+1
OH +
2
3n
O
2

2
nCO
|
+
2
(n 1) H O +
x mol n x mol (n 1) + x mol

2
CO
3,584
n n.x 0,16
22,4
= = = mol (1)

2
H O
3,96
n (n 1)x 0, 22
18
= + = = mol (2)
T (1) v (2) gii ra x = 0,06 v n = 2,67.
Ta c: a = (14 n + 18).x = (142,67) + 180,06 = 3,32 gam.
n = 2,67
2 5
3 7
C H OH
C H OH
(p n D)
VNMATHS.TK

40
V d 7: Hn hp 3 ru n chc A, B, C c tng s mol l 0,08 v khi lng l 3,38 gam. Xc nh
CTPT ca ru B, bit rng B v C c cng s nguyn t cacbon v s mol ru A bng 5 3 tng
s mol ca ru B v C, M
B
> M
C
.
A. CH
3
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
4
H
9
OH.
Hng dn gii
Gi M l nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ba ru A, B, C. Ta c:

3,38
M 42, 2
0,08
= =
Nh vy phi c t nht mt ru c M < 42,25. Ch c CH
3
OH c (M = 32)
Ta c:
A
0,08 5
n 0,05
5 3
= =
+
;
m
A
= 320,05 = 1,6 gam.
m
B + C
= 3,38 1,6 = 1,78 gam;

B C
0,08 3
n 0,03
5 3
+

= =
+
mol ;

B C
1,78
M 59,33
0.03
+
= = .
Gi y l s nguyn t H trung bnh trong phn t hai ru B v C. Ta c:

x y
C H OH 59,33 = hay 12x + y + 17 = 59,33
12x + y = 42,33
Bin lun:
x 1 2 3 4
y
30,33 18,33 6,33 < 0
Ch c nghim khi x = 3. B, C phi c mt ru c s nguyn t H < 6,33 v mt ru c s nguyn t
H > 6,33.
Vy ru B l C
3
H
7
OH.
C 2 cp nghim: C
3
H
5
OH (CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH) v C
3
H
7
OH
C
3
H
3
OH (CHCCH
2
OH) v C
3
H
7
OH (p n C)
V d 8: Cho 2,84 gam hn hp 2 ru n chc l ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng vi mt lng Na va
to ra 4,6 gam cht rn v V lt kh H
2
ktc. Tnh V.
A. 0,896 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,336 lt.
Hng dn gii
t R l gc hirocacbon trung bnh v x l tng s mol ca 2 ru.
ROH + Na RONa +
2
1
H
2

x mol x
x
2
.

41
Ta c:
( )
( )
R 17 x 2,84
R 39 x 4,6
+ =
+ =
Gii ra c x = 0,08.
Vy :
2
H
0,08
V 22, 4 0,896
2
= = lt. (p n A)
V d 9: (Cu 1 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH nm 2007)
Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung
dch Br
2
0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br
2
gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng
thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
6
. B. C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
.
C. C
3
H
4
v C
4
H
8
. D. C
2
H
2
v C
3
H
8
.
Hng dn gii

hh X
4,48
n 0, 2
22,4
= = mol
n 1, 4 0,5 0,7
2
Br ban u
= = mol

0,7
n
2
2
Br p.ng
= = 0,35 mol.
Khi lng bnh Br
2
tng 6,7 gam l s gam ca hirocabon khng no. t CTTB ca hai hirocacbon
mch h l
n 2n 2 2a
C H
+
( a l s lin kt t trung bnh).
Phng trnh phn ng:

n 2n 2 2a
C H
+
+
2
aBr
n 2n 2 2a 2a
C H Br
+

0,2 mol 0,35 mol

0,35
a
0,2
= = 1,75

6,7
14n 2 2a
0,2
+ = n = 2,5.
Do hai hirocacbon mch h phn ng hon ton vi dung dch Br
2
nn chng u l hirocacbon
khng no. Vy hai hirocacbon l C
2
H
2
v C
4
H
8
. (p n B)
V d 10: Tch nc hon ton t hn hp X gm 2 ancol A v B ta c hn hp Y gm cc olefin. Nu t
chy hon ton X th thu c 1,76 gam CO
2
. Khi t chy hon ton Y th tng khi lng H
2
O v
CO
2
to ra l
Hng dn gii
Hn hp X gm hai ancol A v B tch nc c olefin (Y) hai ancol l ru no, n chc.
t CTTB ca hai ancol A, B l
n 2n 1
C H OH
+
ta c cc phng trnh phn ng sau:

n 2n 1
C H OH
+
+
2
3n
O
2

2
nCO +
2
(n 1)H O +

n 2n 1
C H OH
+

2
o
H SO
170 C
4

n 2n
C H + H
2
O
(Y)
VNMATHS.TK

42

n 2n
C H +
2
3n
O
2

2
nCO +
2
n H O
Nhn xt:
- Khi t chy X v t chy Y cng cho s mol CO
2
nh nhau.
- t chy Y cho
2 2
CO H O
n n = .
Vy t chy Y cho tng

( )
2 2
CO H O
m m 0,04 (44 18) 2,48 + = + = gam. (p n B)
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEP PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH
01. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36 lt CO
2

(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. S mol ca mi axit ln lt l
A. 0,05 mol v 0,05 mol. B. 0,045 mol v 0,055 mol.
C. 0,04 mol v 0,06 mol. D. 0,06 mol v 0,04 mol.
02. C 3 ancol bn khng phi l ng phn ca nhau. t chy mi cht u c s mol CO
2
bng 0,75 ln
s mol H
2
O. 3 ancol l
A. C
2
H
6
O; C
3
H
8
O; C
4
H
10
O. B. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
6
O
2
; C
4
H
10
O.
C. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
8
O
2
; C
3
H
8
O
3
. D. C
3
H
8
O; C
3
H
6
O; C
3
H
8
O
2
.
03. Cho axit oxalic HOOCCOOH tc dng vi hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, ng ng lin tip thu
c 5,28 gam hn hp 3 este trung tnh. Thy phn lng este trn bng dung dch NaOH thu c
5,36 gam mui. Hai ru c cng thc
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. C
4
H
9
OH v C
5
H
11
OH.
04. Nitro ha benzen c 14,1 gam hn hp hai cht nitro c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 45 vC.
t chy hon ton hn hp hai cht nitro ny c 0,07 mol N
2
. Hai cht nitro l
A. C
6
H
5
NO
2
v C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
.
B. C
6
H
4
(NO
2
)
2
v C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
.
C. C
6
H
3
(NO
2
)
3
v C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
.
D. C
6
H
2
(NO
2
)
4
v C
6
H(NO
2
)
5
.
05. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng c khi lng 30,4 gam. Chia X thnh hai phn
bng nhau.
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi Na d, kt thc phn ng thu c 3,36 lt H
2
(ktc).
- Phn 2: tch nc hon ton 180
o
C, xc tc H
2
SO
4
c thu c mt anken cho hp th vo bnh
ng dung dch Brom d thy c 32 gam Br
2
b mt mu. CTPT hai ancol trn l
A. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. CH
3
OH v C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
2
H
5
OH v C
4
H
9
OH.
06. Chia hn hp gm 2 anehit no n chc lm hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 1,08 gam nc.
- Phn 2: tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) th thu c hn hp A. em A t chy hon ton th th tch kh
CO
2
(ktc) thu c l
A. 1,434 lt. B. 1,443 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,444 lt.

43
07. Tch nc hon ton t hn hp Y gm hai ru A, B ta c hn hp X gm cc olefin. Nu t chy
hon ton Y th thu c 0,66 gam CO
2
. Vy khi t chy hon ton X th tng khi lng H
2
O v CO
2

to ra l
08. Cho 9,85 gam hn hp 2 amin n chc no bc 1 tc dng va vi dung dch HCl th thu c
18,975 gam mui. Vy khi lng HCl phi dng l
09. Cho 4,2 gam hn hp gm ru etylic, phenol, axit fomic tc dng va vi Na thy thot ra 0,672 lt
kh (ktc) v mt dung dch. C cn dung dch thu c hn hp X. Khi lng ca X l
10. Hn hp X gm 2 este A, B ng phn vi nhau v u c to thnh t axit n chc v ru n
chc. Cho 2,2 gam hn hp X bay hi 136,5
o
C v 1 atm th thu c 840 ml hi este. Mt khc em
thu phn hon ton 26,4 gam hn hp X bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d = 1,2 g/ml) ri em c
cn th thu c 33,8 gam cht rn khan. Vy cng thc phn t ca este l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. C
3
H
6
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C
5
H
10
O
2
.
p n cc bi tp trc nghim vn dng:
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C
6. C 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. C

Phng php 6
TNG GIM KHI LNG
Nguyn tc ca phng php l xem khi chuyn t cht A thnh cht B (khng nht thit trc tip, c
th b qua nhiu giai on trung gian) khi lng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam thng tnh theo 1 mol) v
da vo khi lng thay i ta d dng tnh c s mol cht tham gia phn ng hoc ngc li. V d
trong phn ng:
MCO
3
+ 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2
|

Ta thy rng khi chuyn 1 mol MCO
3
thnh MCl
2
th khi lng tng
(M + 235,5) (M + 60) = 11 gam
v c 1 mol CO
2
bay ra. Nh vy khi bit lng mui tng, ta c th tnh lng CO
2
bay ra.
Trong phn ng este ha:
CH
3
COOH + R'OH CH
3
COOR' + H
2
O
th t 1 mol ROH chuyn thnh 1 mol este khi lng tng
(R' + 59) (R' + 17) = 42 gam.
Nh vy nu bit khi lng ca ru v khi lng ca este ta d dng tnh c s mol ru hoc
ngc li.
VNMATHS.TK

44
Vi bi tp cho kim loi A y kim loi B ra khi dung dch mui di dng t do:
- Khi lng kim loi tng bng
m
B (bm)
m
A (tan)
.
- Khi lng kim loi gim bng
m
A (tan)
m
B (bm)
.
Sau y l cc v d in hnh:
V d 1: C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
0,1 mol/l v (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
0,25 mol/l. Cho 43 gam hn hp
BaCl
2
v CaCl
2
vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ta thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v
dung dch B.
Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong A.
A.
3
BaCO
%m = 50%,
3
CaCO
%m = 50%.
B.
3
BaCO
%m = 50,38%,
3
CaCO
%m = 49,62%.
C.
3
BaCO
%m = 49,62%,
3
CaCO
%m = 50,38%.
D. Khng xc nh c.
Hng dn gii
Trong dung dch:
Na
2
CO
3
2Na
+
+ CO
3
2

(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
2NH
4
+
+ CO
3
2

BaCl
2
Ba
2+
+ 2Cl

CaCl
2
Ca
2+
+ 2Cl

Cc phn ng:
Ba
2+
+ CO
3
2
BaCO
3|
(1)
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2
CaCO
3|
(2)
Theo (1) v (2) c 1 mol BaCl
2
, hoc CaCl
2
bin thnh BaCO
3
hoc CaCO
3
th khi lng mui gim
(71 60) = 11 gam. Do tng s mol hai mui BaCO
3
v CaCO
3
bng:

43 39,7
11
= 0,3 mol
m tng s mol CO
3
2
= 0,1 + 0,25 = 0,35, iu chng t d CO
3
2
.
Gi x, y l s mol BaCO
3
v CaCO
3
trong A ta c:

x y 0,3
197x 100y 39,7
+ =
+ =

x = 0,1 mol ; y = 0,2 mol.
Thnh phn ca A:

3
BaCO
0,1 197
%m 100
39,7
= = 49,62%;

3
CaCO
%m = 100 49,6 = 50,38%. (p n C)

45
V d 2: Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (I) v mt mui
cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (II) bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). C cn
dung dch thu c sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l bao nhiu?
Hng dn gii
C 1 mol mui cacbonat to thnh 1 mol mui clorua cho nn khi lng mui khan tng (71 60) =
11 gam, m

2
CO
n = n
mui cacbonat
= 0,2 mol.
Suy ra khi lng mui khan tng sau phn ng l 0,211 = 2,2 gam.
Vy tng khi lng mui khan thu c l 23,8 + 2,2 = 26 gam. (p n A)
V d 3: Cho 3,0 gam mt axit no, n chc A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c 4,1 gam mui khan. CTPT ca A l
A. HCOOH B. C
3
H
7
COOH
C. CH
3
COOH D. C
2
H
5
COOH.
Hng dn gii
C 1 mol axit n chc to thnh 1 mol mui th khi lng tng (23 1) = 22 gam, m theo u bi
khi lng mui tng (4,1 3) = 1,1 gam nn s mol axit l
n
axit
=
1,1
22
= 0,05 mol. M
axit
=
3
0,05
= 60 gam.
t CTTQ ca axit no, n chc A l C
n
H
2n+1
COOH nn ta c:
14n + 46 = 60 n = 1.
Vy CTPT ca A l CH
3
COOH. (p n C)
V d 4: Cho dung dch AgNO
3
d tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 6,25 gam hai mui KCl v
KBr thu c 10,39 gam hn hp AgCl v AgBr. Hy xc nh s mol hn hp u.
Hng dn gii
C 1 mol mui halogen to thnh 1 mol kt ta
khi lng tng: 108 39 = 69 gam;
0,06 mol khi lng tng: 10,39 6,25 = 4,14 gam.
Vy tng s mol hn hp u l 0,06 mol. (p n B)
V d 5: Nhng mt thanh graphit c ph mt lp kim loi ha tr (II) vo dung dch CuSO
4
d. Sau phn
ng khi lng ca thanh graphit gim i 0,24 gam. Cng thanh graphit ny nu c nhng vo
dung dch AgNO
3
th khi phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh graphit tng ln 0,52 gam. Kim
loi ha tr (II) l kim loi no sau y?
A. Pb. B. Cd. C. Al. D. Sn.
Hng dn gii
t kim loi ha tr (II) l M vi s gam l x (gam).
M + CuSO
4 d
MSO
4
+ Cu
VNMATHS.TK

46
C M gam kim loi tan ra th s c 64 gam Cu bm vo. Vy khi lng kim loi gim (M 64) gam;
Vy: x (gam) =
0, 24. M
M 64
khi lng kim loi gim 0,24 gam.
Mt khc: M + 2AgNO
3
M(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
C M gam kim loi tan ra th s c 216 gam Ag bm vo. Vy khi lng kim loi tng (216 M)
gam;
Vy: x (gam) =
0,52.M
216 M
khi lng kim loi tng 0,52 gam.
Ta c:
0, 24. M
M 64
=
0,52. M
216 M
M = 112 (kim loi Cd). (p n B)
V d 6: Ho tan hon ton 104,25 gam hn hp X gm NaCl v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Sc kh
Cl
2
d vo dung dch A. Kt thc th nghim, c cn dung dch thu c 58,5 gam mui khan.
Khi lng NaCl c trong hn hp X l
A. 29,25 gam. B. 58,5 gam.
C. 17,55 gam. D. 23,4 gam.
Hng dn gii
Kh Cl
2
d ch kh c mui NaI theo phng trnh
2NaI + Cl
2
2NaCl + I
2

C 1 mol NaI to thnh 1 mol NaCl
Khi lng mui gim 127 35,5 = 91,5 gam.
Vy: 0,5 mol Khi lng mui gim 104,25 58,5 = 45,75 gam.
m
NaI
= 1500,5 = 75 gam
m
NaCl
= 104,25 75 = 29,25 gam. (p n A)
V d 7: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 15 gam trong 340 gam dung dch AgNO
3
6%. Sau mt
thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO
3
trong dung dch gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau
phn ng l
Hng dn gii

3
AgNO ( )
340 6
n =
170 100
ban u
= 0,12 mol;

3
AgNO ( )
25
n = 0,12
100
ph.ng
= 0,03 mol.
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
|

0,015 0,03 0,03 mol
m
vt sau phn ng
= m
vt ban u
+ m
Ag (bm)
m
Cu (tan)

= 15 + (1080,03) (640,015) = 17,28 gam.
(p n C)

47
V d 8: Nhng mt thanh km v mt thanh st vo cng mt dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau mt thi gian ly hai
thanh kim loi ra thy trong dung dch cn li c nng mol ZnSO
4
bng 2,5 ln nng mol
FeSO
4
. Mt khc, khi lng dung dch gim 2,2 gam.
Khi lng ng bm ln thanh km v bm ln thanh st ln lt l
A. 12,8 gam; 32 gam. B. 64 gam; 25,6 gam.
C. 32 gam; 12,8 gam. D. 25,6 gam; 64 gam.
Hng dn gii
V trong cng dung dch cn li (cng th tch) nn:
[ZnSO
4
] = 2,5 [FeSO
4
]

4 4
ZnSO FeSO
n 2, 5n =
Zn + CuSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cu
|
(1)
2,5x 2,5x 2,5x mol
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
|
(2)
x x x x mol
T (1), (2) nhn c gim khi lng ca dung dch l
m
Cu (bm)
m
Zn (tan)
m
Fe (tan)

2,2 = 64(2,5x + x) 652,5x 56x
x = 0,4 mol.
Vy: m
Cu (bm ln thanh km)
= 642,50,4 = 64 gam;
m
Cu (bm ln thanh st)
= 640,4 = 25,6 gam. (p n B)
V d 9: (Cu 15 - M 231 - TSC - Khi A 2007)
Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO
3
thu c 7,28 gam mui
ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
2
=CHCOOH. B. CH
3
COOH.
C. HCCCOOH. D. CH
3
CH
2
COOH.
Hng dn gii
t CTTQ ca axit hu c X n chc l RCOOH.
2RCOOH + CaCO
3
(RCOO)
2
Ca + CO
2
|
+ H
2
O
C 2 mol axit phn ng to mui th khi lng tng (40 2) = 38 gam.
x mol axit (7,28 5,76) = 1,52 gam.
x = 0,08 mol
RCOOH
5,76
M 72
0,08
= = R = 27
Axit X: CH
2
=CHCOOH. (p n A)
V d 10: Nhng thanh km vo dung dch cha 8,32 gam CdSO
4
. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd
2+
khi
lng thanh km tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Hi khi lng thanh km ban u.
Hng dn gii
VNMATHS.TK

48
Gi khi lng thanh km ban u l a gam th khi lng tng thm l
2,35a
100
gam.
Zn + CdSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cd
65 1 mol 112, tng (112 65) = 47 gam

8,32
208
(=0,04 mol)
2,35a
100
gam
Ta c t l:
1 47
2,35a
0,04
100
= a = 80 gam. (p n C)
V d 11: Nhng thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 vo dung dch CuSO
4
, sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra
thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
, sau
mt thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1%. Xc nh M, bit rng s mol CuSO
4
v Pb(NO
3
)
2
tham
gia 2 trng hp nh nhau.
A. Al. B. Zn. C. Mg. D. Fe.
Hng dn gii
Gi m l khi lng thanh kim loi, M l nguyn t khi ca kim loi, x l s mol mui phn ng.
M + CuSO
4
MSO
4
+ Cu|
M (gam) 1 mol 64 gam, gim (M 64)gam.
x mol gim
0,05.m
100
gam.
x =
0,05.m
100
M 64
(1)
M + Pb(NO
3
)
2
M(NO
3
)
2
+ Pb|
M (gam) 1 mol 207, tng (207 M) gam
x mol tng
7,1. m
100
gam
x =
7,1. m
100
207 M
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c:
0,05. m
100
M 64
=
7,1. m
100
207 M
(3)
T (3) gii ra M = 65. Vy kim loi M l km. (p n B)
V d 12: Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl
3
to thnh dung dch Y. Khi
lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl
3
. xc nh cng thc ca
mui XCl
3
.
A. FeCl
3
. B. AlCl
3
. C. CrCl
3
. D. Khng xc nh.
Hng dn gii
Gi A l nguyn t khi ca kim loi X.
Al + XCl
3
AlCl
3
+ X

49

3,78
27
= (0,14 mol) 0,14 0,14 mol.
Ta c : (A + 35,53)0,14 (133,50,14) = 4,06
Gii ra c: A = 56. Vy kim loi X l Fe v mui FeCl
3
. (p n A)
V d 13: Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na
2
CO
3
v NaHCO
3
cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng i c 69
gam cht rn. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca mi cht tng ng trong hn hp ban u.
A. 15,4% v 84,6%. B. 22,4% v 77,6%.
C. 16% v 84%. D. 24% v 76%.
Hng dn gii
Ch c NaHCO
3
b phn hy. t x l s gam NaHCO
3
.
2NaHCO
3

o
t
Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
|
+ H
2
O
C nung 168 gam khi lng gim: 44 + 18 = 62 gam
x khi lng gim: 100 69 = 31 gam
Ta c:
168 62
x 31
= x = 84 gam.
Vy NaHCO
3
chim 84% v Na
2
CO
3
chim 16%. (p n C)
V d 14: Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui CuCl
2
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
vo nc c dung dch A. Nhng Mg vo
dung dch A cho n khi mt mu xanh ca dung dch. Ly thanh Mg ra cn li thy tng thm
0,8 gam. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh m?
A. 1.28 gam. B. 2,48 gam. C. 3,1 gam. D. 0,48 gam.
Hng dn gii
Ta c:
m
tng
= m
Cu
m
Mg phn ng
=
( ) 2 2 2
Cu Mg Mg
m m 3, 28 m m 0,8
gc axit
+ + +
= + =
m = 3,28 0,8 = 2,48 gam. (p n B)
V d 15: Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui MgCl
2
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
vo nc c dung dch A. Nhng vo
dung dch A mt thanh st. Sau mt khong thi gian ly thanh st ra cn li thy tng thm 0,8
gam. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l
Hng dn gii
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: Sau mt khong thi gian tng khi lng ca thanh Fe
bng gim khi lng ca dung dch mui. Do :
m = 3,28 0,8 = 2,48 gam. (p n B)

MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP TNG GIM KHI
LNG
01. Cho 115 gam hn hp gm ACO
3
, B
2
CO
3
, R
2
CO
3
tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 22,4 lt
CO
2
(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l
VNMATHS.TK

50
02. Ngm mt l st trong dung dch CuSO
4
. Nu bit khi lng ng bm trn l st l 9,6 gam th khi
lng l st sau ngm tng thm bao nhiu gam so vi ban u?
03. Cho hai thanh st c khi lng bng nhau.
- Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch c cha a mol AgNO
3
.
- Thanh 2 nhng vo dung dch c cha a mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Sau phn ng, ly thanh st ra, sy kh v cn li thy s cho kt qu no sau y?
A. Khi lng hai thanh sau nhng vn bng nhau nhng khc ban u.
B. Khi lng thanh 2 sau nhng nh hn khi lng thanh 1 sau nhng.
C. Khi lng thanh 1 sau nhng nh hn khi lng thanh 2 sau nhng.
D. Khi lng hai thanh khng i vn nh trc khi nhng.
04. Cho V lt dung dch A cha ng thi FeCl
3
1M v Fe
2
(SO4)
3
0,5M tc dng vi dung dch Na
2
CO
3
c
d, phn ng kt thc thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 69,2 gam so vi tng khi lng ca
cc dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,2 lt. B. 0,24 lt. C. 0,237 lt. D.0,336 lt.
05. Cho lung kh CO i qua 16 gam oxit st nguyn cht c nung nng trong mt ci ng. Khi phn ng
thc hin hon ton v kt thc, thy khi lng ng gim 4,8 gam.
Xc nh cng thc v tn oxit st em dng.
06. Dng CO kh 40 gam oxit Fe
2
O
3
thu c 33,92 gam cht rn B gm Fe
2
O
3
, FeO v Fe. Cho
1
B
2
tc
dng vi H
2
SO
4
long d, thu c 2,24 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Xc nh thnh phn theo s mol cht rn B, th tch kh CO (ktc) ti thiu c c kt qu ny.
07. Nhng mt thanh st nng 12,2 gam vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO
4
0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim
loi ra, c cn dung dch c 15,52 gam cht rn khan.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra, tm khi lng tng cht c trong 15,52 gam cht rn khan.
b) Tnh khi lng thanh kim loi sau phn ng. Ha tan hon ton thanh kim loi ny trong dung dch
HNO
3
c nng, d thu c kh NO
2
duy nht, th tch V lt (o 27,3
o
C, 0,55 atm). Vit cc
phng trnh phn ng xy ra. Tnh V.
08. Ngm mt thanh ng c khi lng 140,8 gam vo dung dch AgNO
3
sau mt thi gian ly thanh ng
em cn li thy nng 171,2 gam. Tnh thnh phn khi lng ca thanh ng sau phn ng.
09. Ngm mt l km nh trong mt dung dch c cha 2,24 gam ion kim loi c in tch 2+. Phn ng
xong, khi lng l km tng thm 0,94 gam.
Hy xc nh tn ca ion kim loi trong dung dch.
10. C hai l kim loi cng cht, cng khi lng, c kh nng to ra hp cht c s oxi ha +2. Mt l c
ngm trong dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
cn l kia c ngm trong dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
Sau mt thi gian ngi ta ly l kim loi ra khi dung dch, ra nh. Nhn thy khi lng l kim loi
c ngm trong mui ch tng thm 19%, khi lng l kim loi kia gim 9,6%. Bit rng, trong hai
phn ng trn, khi lng cc kim loi b ha tan nh nhau.
Hy xc nh tn ca hai l kim loi ang dng.


51
01. B 02. D. 03. B. 04. A.
05. Fe
2
O
3
. 06. V
CO
= 8,512 lt ; %n
Fe
= 46,51% ; %n
FeO
= 37,21% ;
2 3
Fe O
%n 16,28%. =
07. a) 6,4 gam CuSO
4
v 9,12 gam FeSO
4
.
b) m
KL
= 12,68 gam ;
2
NO
V 26,88 = lt.
08. Thanh Cu sau phn ng c m
Ag (bm)
= 43,2 gam v m
Cu (cn li)
= 128 gam.
09. Cd
2+

10. Cd

Phng php 7
QUI I HN HP NHIU CHT V S LNG CHT T HN
Mt s bi ton ha hc c th gii nhanh bng cc phng php bo ton electron, bo ton nguyn t,
bo ton khi lng song phng php quy i cng tm ra p s rt nhanh v l phng php tng
i u vit, c th vn dng vo cc bi tp trc nghim phn loi hc sinh.
Cc ch khi p dng phng php quy i:
1. Khi quy i hn hp nhiu cht (hn hp X) (t ba cht tr ln) thnh hn hp hai cht hay ch cn
mt cht ta phi bo ton s mol nguyn t v bo ton khi lng hn hp.
2. C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy i v mt cht. Tuy nhin ta nn chn
cp cht no n gin c t phn ng oxi ha kh nht n gin vic tnh ton.
3. Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo phng php quy i i khi ta gp s m l do s b tr khi
lng ca cc cht trong hn hp. Trong trng hp ny ta vn tnh ton bnh thng v kt qu cui cng
vn tha mn.
4. Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
th oxit Fe
x
O
y
tm c ch l oxit gi nh khng c
thc.
V d 1: Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
,
Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l
sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
Hng dn gii
- Quy hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
Ha tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
d ta c
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O

0,1
3
0,1 mol
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l

Fe
8, 4 0,1 0,35
n
56 3 3
= =
2 3
Fe O
0,35
n
3 2
=

VNMATHS.TK

52
Vy:
2 3
X Fe Fe O
m m m = +

X
0,1 0,35
m 56 160
3 3
= + = 11,2 gam.
- Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
:
FeO + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,1 0,1 mol
ta c:
2
2 2 3
2Fe O 2FeO
0,1 0,1 mol
0,15 mol
4Fe 3O 2Fe O
0,05 0,025 mol
+

2
h X
m = 0,172 + 0,025160 = 11,2 gam. (p n A)
Ch : Vn c th quy hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe
3
O
4
) hoc (Fe v FeO), hoc (Fe v Fe
3
O
4
)
nhng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn (c th l ta phi t n s mol mi cht, lp h phng trnh, gii h
phng trnh hai n s).
- Quy hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x2y)HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x2y) NO
2
+ (3xy)H
2
O

0,1
3x 2y
mol 0,1 mol.

Fe
8, 4 0,1.x
n
56 3x 2y
= =

x 6
y 7
= mol.
Vy cng thc quy i l Fe
6
O
7
(M = 448) v

6 7
Fe O
0,1
n
3 6 2 7
=

= 0,025 mol.
m
X
= 0,025448 = 11,2 gam.
Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
v hn hp hai cht l FeO, Fe
2
O
3
l n gin
nht.
V d 2: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3
c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh
NO
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan gi tr ca m l
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c
FeO + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,2 mol 0,2 mol 0,2 mol
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
0,2 mol 0,4 mol

3 3
Fe( NO )
145, 2
n
242
= = 0,6 mol.

53
m
X
= 0,2(72 + 160) = 46,4 gam. (p n B)
V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 49,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c
dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO
2
(ktc).
a) Tnh phn trm khi lng oxi trong hn hp X.
A. 40,24%. B. 30,7%. C. 20,97%. D. 37,5%.
b) Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Y.
A. 160 gam. B.140 gam. C. 120 gam. D. 100 gam.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, ta c:

2 4 2 4 3 2 2
2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
2FeO 4H SO Fe (SO ) SO 4H O
0,8 0, 4 0, 4 mol
49,6 gam
Fe O 3H SO Fe (SO ) 3H O
0,05 0,05 mol
+ + +
+ +

2 3
Fe O
m = 49,6 0,872 = 8 gam (0,05 mol)
n
O (X)
= 0,8 + 3(0,05) = 0,65 mol.
Vy: a)
O
0,65 16 100
%m
49,9

= = 20,97%. (p n C)
b)
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m = [0,4 + (-0,05)]400 = 140 gam. (p n B)
V d 4: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
th cn 0,05 mol H
2
. Mt khc ha
tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu c th tch kh SO
2

(sn phm kh duy nht ktc) l.
A. 224 ml. B. 448 ml. C. 336 ml. D. 112 ml.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
vi s mol l x, y, ta c:
FeO + H
2

o
t
Fe + H
2
O
x y
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2

o
t
2Fe + 3H
2
O
x 3y

x 3y 0,05
72x 160y 3,04
+ =
+ =

x 0,02 mol
y 0,01 mol
=

2FeO + 4H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O
0,02 0,01 mol
Vy:
2
SO
V = 0,0122,4 = 0,224 lt (hay 224 ml). (p n A)
V d 5: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong
dung dch HNO
3
(d) thot ra 0,56 lt NO ( ktc) (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
VNMATHS.TK

54
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht Fe, Fe
2
O
3
:
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
0,025 0,025 0,025 mol

2 3
Fe O
m = 3 560,025 = 1,6 gam

2 3
Fe ( trong Fe O )
1,6
m 2
160
= = 0,02 mol
m
Fe
= 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam. (p n A)
V d 6: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung dch
Y gm (HCl v H
2
SO
4
long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo
dung dch Z cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng v th tch kh
thot ra ktc thuc phng n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt. B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt.
C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt. D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4
.
Hn hp X gm: Fe
3
O
4
0,2 mol; Fe 0,1 mol + dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O
0,2 0,2 0,4 mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
|

0,1 0,1 mol
Dung dch Z: (Fe
2+
: 0,3 mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4 mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
:
3Fe
2+
+ NO
3
+ 4H
+
3Fe
3+
+ NO
|
+ 2H
2
O
0,3 0,1 0,1 mol
V
NO
= 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.

3 2
3
Cu( NO )
NO
1
n n
2

= = 0,05 mol.

2
3 2
d Cu( NO )
0,05
V
1
= = 0,05 lt (hay 50 ml). (p n C)
V d 7: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh c hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. A ha tan va vn
trong dung dch cha 0,5 mol HNO
3
, bay ra kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol NO bay ra
l.
A. 0,01. B. 0,04. C. 0,03. D. 0,02.
Hng dn gii

Fe
8, 96
n 0,16
56
= = mol
Quy hn hp A gm (FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
) thnh hn hp (FeO, Fe
2
O
3
) ta c phng trnh:
2Fe + O
2
2FeO

55
x x
4Fe + 3O
2
2Fe
2
O
3

y y/2
3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
x 10x/3 x/3
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
y/2 3y
H phng trnh:

x y 0,16
10x
3y 0,5
3
+ =
+ =

x 0,06 mol
y 0,1 mol
=

NO
0,06
n 0,02
3
= = mol. (p n D)

Phng php 8
S NG CHO
Bi ton trn ln cc cht vi nhau l mt dng bi tp hay gp trong chng trnh ha hc ph thng
cng nh trong cc thi kim tra v thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng. Ta c th gii bi tp dng ny
theo nhiu cch khc nhau, song vic gii loi dng bi tp ny theo phng php s ng cho theo tc
gi l tt nht.
Nguyn tc: Trn ln hai dung dch:
Dung dch 1: c khi lng m
1
, th tch V
1
, nng C
1
(nng phn trm hoc nng mol), khi
lng ring d
1
.
Dung dch 2: c khi lng m
2
, th tch V
2
, nng C
2
(C
2
> C
1
), khi lng ring d
2
.
Dung dch thu c: c khi lng m = m
1
+ m
2
, th tch V = V
1
+ V
2
, nng C (C
1
< C < C
2
) v
khi lng ring d.
S ng cho v cng thc tng ng vi mi trng hp l:
a. i vi nng % v khi lng:

2 1
2 1
C C m
m C C
(1)
C
1
C
2
C
| C
2
- C |
| C
1
- C |
VNMATHS.TK

56
b. i vi nng mol/lt:

2 1
2 1
C C V
V C C
(2)
c. i vi khi lng ring:

2 1
2 1
C C V
V C C
(3)
Khi s dng s ng cho cn ch :
- Cht rn coi nh dung dch c C = 100%
- Dung mi coi nh dung dch c C = 0%
- Khi lng ring ca H
2
O l d = 1g/ml.
Sau y l mt s v d s dng phng php s ng cho trong tnh ton cc bi tp.
V d 1: thu c dung dch HCl 25% cn ly m
1
gam dung dch HCl 45% pha vi m
2
gam dung dch
HCl 15%. T l m
1
/m
2
l
A. 1:2. B. 1:3. C. 2:1. D. 3:1.
Hng dn gii
p dng cng thc (1):

1
2
45 25 m 20 2
m 15 25 10 1
= = =
. (p n C)
V d 2: pha c 500 ml dung dch nc mui sinh l (C = 0,9%) cn ly V ml dung dch NaCl 3% pha
vi nc ct. Gi tr ca V l
A. 150 ml. B. 214,3 ml. C. 285,7 ml. D. 350 ml.
Hng dn gii
Ta c s :

V
1
=
0,9
500
2,1 0,9

+
= 150 ml. (p n A)
V d 3: Ha tan 200 gam SO
3
vo m
2
gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
49% ta c dung dch H
2
SO
4
78,4%. Gi tr
ca m
2
l
A. 133,3 gam. B. 146,9 gam. C. 272,2 gam. D. 300 gam.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng:
SO
3
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
4

100 gam SO
3

98 100
80
= 122,5 gam H
2
SO
4
.
Nng dung dch H
2
SO
4
tng ng 122,5%.
Gi m
1
, m
2
ln lt l khi lng ca SO
3
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
49% cn ly. Theo (1) ta c:
C
| C
2
- C |
| C
1
- C |
`
C
M1
C
M2
d
1
d
2
| d
2
- d |
| d
1
- d |
d
V
1
(NaCl)
V
2
(H
2
O)
0,9
3
0
| 0,9 - 0 |
| 3 - 0,9 |

57

1
2
49 78,4 m 29,4
m 122,5 78, 4 44,1
= =

2
44,1
m 200
29, 4
= = 300 gam. (p n D)
V d 4: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,319. Brom c hai ng v bn:
79
35
Br v
81
35
Br . Thnh
phn % s nguyn t ca
81
35
Br l
A. 84,05. B. 81,02. C. 18,98. D. 15,95.
Hng dn gii
Ta c s ng cho:

81
35
79
35
% Br 0,319
% Br 1,681
=

81
35
0,319
% Br
1,681 0,319
=
+
100% = 15,95%. (p n D)
V d 5: Mt hn hp gm O
2
, O
3
iu kin tiu chun c t khi hi vi hiro l 18. Thnh phn % v th
tch ca O
3
trong hn hp l
A. 15%. B. 25%. C. 35%. D. 45%.
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho:

3
2
O
O
V
4 1
V 12 3
= =

3
O
1
%V
3 1
=
+
100% = 25%. (p n B)
V d 6: Cn trn hai th tch metan vi mt th tch ng ng X ca metan thu c hn hp kh c t
khi hi so vi hiro bng 15. X l
A. C
3
H
8
. B. C
4
H
10
. C. C
5
H
12
. D. C
6
H
14
.
Hng dn gii
p dng s ng cho:

81
35
79
35
Br (M 81) 79, 319 79 0, 319
A 79, 319
Br (M 79) 81 79, 319 1, 681
= =
=
= =
3
2
O
O
V M 48 32 36
M 18 2 36
V M 32 48 36
=
= =
=
4
2
CH 2
M 2
V M 16 M 30
M 15 2 30
V M M 16 30
=
= =
=
VNMATHS.TK

58

4
2
CH 2
M
V M 30 2
V 14 1
= = M
2
30 = 28
M
2
= 58 14n + 2 = 58 n = 4.
Vy: X l C
4
H
10
. (p n B)
V d 7: Thm 250 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
1,5M. Mui to thnh v khi
lng tng ng l
A. 14,2 gam Na
2
HPO
4
; 32,8 gam Na
3
PO
4
.
B. 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
; 16,4 gam Na
3
PO
4
.
C. 12 gam NaH
2
PO
4
; 28,4 gam Na
2
HPO
4
.
D. 24 gam NaH
2
PO
4
; 14,2 gam Na
2
HPO
4
.
Hng dn gii
C:
3 4
NaOH
H PO
n 0, 25 2 5
1 2
n 0,2 1,5 3
< = = <

to ra hn hp 2 mui: NaH
2
PO
4
, Na
2
HPO
4
.
S ng cho:

2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
n
2
n 1
=
2 4 2 4
Na HPO NaH PO
n 2n =
M:
2 4 2 4 3 4
Na HPO NaH PO H PO
n n n 0,3 + = = mol

2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
n 0,2 mol
n 0,1 mol
=

2 4
2 4
Na HPO
NaH PO
m 0, 2 142 28,4 gam
n 0,1 120 12 gam
= =
= =
(p n C)
V d 8: Ha tan 3,164 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO
3
v BaCO
3
bng dung dch HCl d, thu c 448 ml kh
CO
2
(ktc). Thnh phn % s mol ca BaCO
3
trong hn hp l
A. 50%. B. 55%. C. 60%. D. 65%.
Hng dn gii

2
CO
0, 488
n
22, 4
= = 0,02 mol
3,164
M
0,02
= = 158,2.
p dng s ng cho:

2 4 1
2 4 2
5 2
Na HPO n 2 1
3 3
5
n
3
5 1
NaH PO n 1 2
3 3
= =
=
= =
3 1
3 2
BaCO (M 197) 100 158,2 58,2
M 158,2
CaCO (M 100) 197 158,2 38,8
= =
=
= =

59

3
BaCO
58, 2
%n
58, 2 38,8
=
+
100% = 60%. (p n C)
V d 9: Cn ly bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO
4
.5H
2
O v bao nhiu gam dung dch CuSO
4
8% pha thnh
280 gam dung dch CuSO
4
16%?
A. 180 gam v 100 gam. B. 330 gam v 250 gam.
C. 60 gam v 220 gam. D. 40 gam v 240 gam.
Hng dn gii
4 2
160
250
CuSO .5H O
.
.
Ta coi CuSO
4
.5H
2
O nh l dung dch CuSO
4
c:
C% =
160 100
250
=64%.
Gi m
1
l khi lng ca CuSO
4
.5H
2
O v m
2
l khi lng ca dung dch CuSO
4
8%.
Theo s ng cho:

1
2
m 8 1
m 48 6
= = .
Mt khc m
1
+ m
2
= 280 gam.
Vy khi lng CuSO
4
.5H
2
O l:
m
1
=
280
1
1 6

+
= 40 gam
v khi lng dung dch CuSO
4
8% l:
m
2
= 280 40 = 240 gam. (p n D)
V d 10: Cn bao nhiu lt axit H
2
SO
4
(D = 1,84) v bao nhiu lt nc ct pha thnh 9 lt dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c D = 1,28 gam/ml?
A. 2 lt v 7 lt. B. 3 lt v 6 lt.
C. 4 lt v 5 lt. D. 6 lt v 3 lt.
Hng dn gii
Ta c s ng cho:

2
2 4
H O
H SO
V
0,56 2
V 0, 28 1
= = .
Cn phi ly
1
9 3
1 2
=
+
lt H
2
SO
4
(d = 1,84 g/ml) v 6 lt H
2
O. (p n B)
1
2
(m ) 64 8 16 8
16
(m ) 8 64 16 48
=
=
2
2 4
HO: 1 |1,84 1,28| 0,56
1,28
HSO : 1,84 |1,28 1| 0,28
=
=
VNMATHS.TK

60
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP S NG CHO
01. Ha tan hon ton m gam Na
2
O nguyn cht vo 40 gam dung dch NaOH 12% thu c dung dch
NaOH 51%. Gi tr ca m (gam) l
A. 11,3. B. 20,0. C. 31,8. D. 40,0.
02. Th tch nc nguyn cht cn thm vo 1 lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
98% (d = 1,84 g/ml) c dung dch
mi c nng 10% l
A. 14,192 ml. B. 15,192 ml. C. 16,192 ml. D. 17,192 ml.
03. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng 63,54. ng c hai ng v bn:
63
29
Cu v
65
29
Cu Thnh phn % s
nguyn t ca
65
29
Cu l
A. 73,0%. B. 34,2%. C.32,3%. D. 27,0%.
04. Cn ly V
1
lt CO
2
v V
2
lt CO c c 24 lt hn hp CO
2
v CO c t khi hi i vi metan bng
2. Gi tr ca V
1
(lt) l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. 8.
05. Thm 150 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 120 ml dung dch H
3
PO
4
1M. Khi lng cc mui thu c
trong dung dch l
A. 10,44 gam KH
2
PO
4
; 8,5 gam K
3
PO
4
.
B. 10,44 gam K
2
HPO
4
; 12,72 gam K
3
PO
4
.
C. 10,44 gam K
2
HPO
4
; 13,5 gam KH
2
PO
4
.
D. 13,5 gam KH
2
PO
4
; 14,2 gam K
3
PO
4
.
06. Ha tan 2,84 gam hn hp 2 mui CaCO
3
v MgCO
3
bng dung dch HCl (d) thu c 0,672 lt kh
iu kin tiu chun. Thnh phn % s mol ca MgCO
3
trong hn hp l
A. 33,33%. B. 45,55%. C. 54,45%. D. 66,67%.
07. Lng SO
3
cn thm vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
10% c 100 gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% l
08. Dung dch ru etylic 13,8
o
c d (g/ml) =?. Bit
2 5
C H OH(ng.cht)
d = 0,8 g/ml ;
2
H O
d 1 g ml = .
A. 0,805. B. 0,8 55. C. 0,972. D. 0,915.
09. Ha tan m gam Al bng dung dch HNO
3
long thu c hn hp kh NO v N
2
O c t khi so vi H
2

bng 16,75. T l th tch kh trong hn hp l
A. 2 : 3. B. 1 : 2. C. 1 : 3. D. 3 : 1.
10. T 1 tn qung hematit A iu ch c 420 kg Fe. T 1 tn qung manhetit B iu ch c 504 kg
Fe. Hi phi trn hai qung trn vi t l khi lng (m
A
: m
B
) l bao nhiu c 1 tn qung hn hp
m t 1 tn qung hn hp ny iu ch c 480 kg Fe.
A. 1 : 3. B. 2 : 5. C. 2 : 3. D. 1 : 1.
p n cc s bi tp vn dng:
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B

61

Phng php 9
CC I LNG DNG KHI QUT
Trong cc kim tra v thi tuyn sinh theo phng php trc nghim chng ta thy rng s lng cu
hi v bi tp kh nhiu v a dng bao trm ton b chng trnh ha hc ph thng. Rt nhiu cc phng
php, cc dng bi c bn c bit n. Sau y l mt s v d v dng bi tm mi lin h khi qut
gia cc i lng thng xut hin trong trong cc thi tuyn sinh i hc.
V d 1: (Cu 11 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na
2
CO
3
ng thi khuy u, thu
c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut
hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a b). B. V = 11,2(a b).
C. V = 11,2(a + b). D. V = 22,4(a + b).
Hng dn gii
Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
ta c phng trnh:
HCl + Na
2
CO
3
NaHCO
3
+ NaCl (1)
b b b mol
HCl + NaHCO
3
NaCl + CO
2
|
+ H
2
O (2)
(a b) (a b) mol
Dung dch X cha NaHCO
3
d do HCl tham gia phn ng ht,
NaHCO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2 d
CaCO
3|
+ NaOH + H
2
O
Vy: V = 22,4(a b). (p n A)
VNMATHS.TK

62
V d 2: (Cu 13 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung bnh 1 phn t clo phn
ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Hng dn gii
Mt phn t Clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC theo phng trnh:
2
n
CH CH
|
Cl

| |
|
|
\ .
+ kCl
2

o
xt
t

2
k n k
CH CH CH CH
| | |
Cl Cl Cl
| | | |
| |
| |
\ . \ .

Do: %m
Cl
= 63,96%
%m
C,H cn li
= 36,04%.
Vy
35,5 (n k) 35,5 2 k
27 (n k) 26 k
+
+
=
63,96
36,04

n
k
= 3. (p n A).
V d 3: (Cu 21 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl
3
vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn c
t l
A. a : b = 1 : 4. B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 5. D. a : b > 1 : 4.
Hng dn gii
Trn a mol AlCl
3
vi b mol NaOH thu c kt ta th

3
3 2 2
3
2 2
Al3 3OH Al(OH)
Al(OH) OH AlO 2H O
Al 4OH AlO 2H O
a 4 mol
+
|

+
+
+ +
+ +

kt ta tan hon ton th

3
OH
Al
n
n
+
> 4
b
a
> 4.
Vy c kt ta th
b
a
< 4
a : b > 1 : 4. (p n D)
V d 4: (Cu 37 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
. Mt khc, trung ha a mol Y cn
va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l
A. HOOCCH
2
CH
2
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH. D. HOOCCOOH.
Hng dn gii

63
- t a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO
2
axit hu c Y c hai nguyn t C trong phn t.
- Trung ha a mol axit hu c Y cn dng 2a mol NaOH axit hu c Y c 2 nhm chc cacboxyl
(COOH).
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Y l HOOCCOOH. (p n D)
V d 5: (Cu 39 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH
3
COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tng ng
l x v y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1 phn t in li)
A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x 2. D. y = x + 2.
Hng dn gii
pH
HCl
= x [H
+
]
HCl
= 10
x

3
CH COOH
pH y =
3
y
CH COOH
[H ] 10
+
=
Ta c: HCl H
+
+ Cl

10
x
10
x
(M)
CH
3
COOH
H
+
+ CH
3
COO

100.10
y
10
y
(M).
Mt khc: [HCl] = [CH
3
COOH]
10
x
= 100.10
y
y = x + 2. (p n D)
V d 6: (Cu 53 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al
2
O
3
, b mol CuO, c mol Ag
2
O), ngi ta ho
tan X bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO
3
c dung dch Y, sau thm (gi thit hiu
sut cc phn ng u l 100%)
A. c mol bt Al vo Y. B. c mol bt Cu vo Y.
C. 2c mol bt Al vo Y. D. 2c mol bt Cu vo Y.
Hng dn gii
Ha tan hn hp X trong dung dch HNO
3

Al
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
a 6a 2a mol
CuO + 2HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
b 2b b mol
Ag
2
O + 2HNO
3
2AgNO
3
+ H
2
O
c 2c 2c mol
Dung dch HNO
3
va . Dung dch Y gm 2a mol Al(NO
3
)
3
, b mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
, 2c mol AgNO
3
. thu
Ag tinh khit cn cho thm kim loi Cu vo phng trnh
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
c mol 2c
Vy cn c mol bt Cu vo dung dch Y. (p n B)
V d 7: (Cu 32 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
VNMATHS.TK

64
in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO
4
v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn xp).
dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit
ion SO
4
2
khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. 2b = a.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh in phn dung dch
CuSO
4
+ 2NaCl
pdd
Cu
|
+ Cl
2
|
+ Na
2
SO
4
(1)
a 2a mol
Dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng sau phn ng (1) th dung dch
NaCl cn d v tip tc b in phn theo phng trnh
2NaCl + 2H
2
O
pdd
mng ngn
2NaOH + H
2
+ Cl
2
(2)
Vy: b > 2a. (p n A)
Ch : Tng t cng cu hi trn chng ta c th hi:
+ dung dch sau in phn c mi trng axit th iu kin ca a v b l.
A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. a = 2b.
+ dung dch sau in phn c kh nng ha tan kt ta Al(OH)
3
th iu kin ca a, b l
A. b > 2a. B. b < 2a. C. b = 2a. D. b > 2a.
V d 8: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO
2
v c mol H
2
O (bit b = a + c).
Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc.
B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
D. no, hai chc.
Hng dn gii
Trong phn ng trng gng mt anehit X ch cho 2e X l anehit n chc bi v:

1
RCHO
+

3
4
RCOONH
+

trong : C
+1
2e C
+3
.
t cng thc phn t ca anehit n chc X l C
x
H
y
O ta c phng trnh
C
x
H
y
O +
2
y 1
x O
4 2
| |
+
|
\ .
xCO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O
a a.x
a.y
2
mol
(b mol) (c mol)
Ta c: b = a + c ax = a +
a.y
2
y = 2x 2.
Cng thc tng qut ca anehit n chc X l C
x
H
2x2
O c dng C
x1
H
2(x1)1
CHO l anehit khng
no c mt lin kt i, n chc. (p n C)
V d 9: Cng thc phn t ca mt ancol A l C
n
H
m
O
x
. cho A l ancol no th m phi c gi tr
A. m = 2n. B. m = 2n + 2.

65
C. m = 2n 1. D. m = 2n + 1.
Hng dn gii
Theo phng php ng nht h s: Cng thc tng qut ca ancol no l C
n
H
2n+2-x
(OH)
x
hay
C
n
H
2n+2
O
x
. Vy m = 2n+2. (p n B)
V d 10: Hi t l th tch CO
2
v hi nc (T) bin i trong khong no khi t chy hon ton cc
ankin.
A. 1 < T s 2. B. 1 s T < 1,5.
C. 0,5 < T s 1. D. 1 < T < 1,5.
Hng dn gii
C
n
H
2n-2
nCO
2
+ (n 1)H
2
O
iu kin: n > 2 v n e N.
T =
2
2
CO
H O
n
n
=
n 1
.
1
n 1
1
n
=

Vi mi n > 2 T > 1; mt khc n tng T gim.
n = 2 T = 2 l gi tr ln nht.
Vy: 1 < T s 2. (p n A)
V d 11: t chy 1 mol aminoaxit NH
2
(CH
2
)
n
COOH phi cn s mol O
2
l
A.
2n 3
.
2
+
B.
6n 3
.
2
+
C.
6n 3
.
4
+
D.
2n 3
.
4
+

Hng dn gii
Phng trnh t chy amino axit l
H
2
N(CH
2
)
n
COOH +
6n 3
4
+
O
2
(n + 1)CO
2
+
2n 3
2
+
H
2
O
(p n C)
V d 12: Mt dung dch hn hp cha a mol NaAlO
2
v a mol NaOH tc dng vi mt dung dch cha b
mol HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta sau phn ng l
A. a = b. B. a = 2b. C. b = 5a. D. a < b < 5a.
Hng dn gii
Phng trnh phn ng:
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O (1)
a mol a mol
NaAlO
2
+ HCl + H
2
O Al(OH)
3|
+ NaCl (2)
Al(OH)
3
+ 3HCl AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O (3)
NaAlO
2
+ 4HCl AlCl
3
+ NaCl + 2H
2
O (4)
a mol 4a mol
iu kin khng c kt ta khi n
HCl
>
2
NaAlO
4n + n
NaOH
= 5a. Vy suy ra iu kin c kt ta:
VNMATHS.TK

66
n
NaOH
< n
HCl
<
2
NaAlO
4n + n
NaOH

a < b < 5a. (p n D)
V d 13: Dung dch cha a mol NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha b mol H
3
PO
4
sinh ra hn hp Na
2
HPO
4

+ Na
3
PO
4
. T s
a
b
l
A. 1 <
a
b
< 2. B.
a
b
> 3.
C. 2 <
a
b
< 3. D.
a
b
> 1.
Hng dn gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
NaOH + H
3
PO
4
NaH
2
PO
4
+ H
2
O (1)
2NaOH + H
3
PO
4
Na
2
HPO
4
+ 2H
2
O (2)
3NaOH + H
3
PO
4
Na
3
PO
4
+ 3H
2
O (3)
Ta c: n
NaOH
= a mol ;
3 4
H PO
n = b mol.
thu c hn hp mui Na
2
HPO
4
+ Na
3
PO
4
th phn ng xy ra c hai phng trnh (2 v 3), do
:
2 <
3 4
NaOH
H PO
n
n
< 3, tc l 2 <
a
b
< 3. (p n C)
V d 14: Hn hp X gm Na v Al.
- Th nghim 1: Nu cho m gam X tc dng vi H
2
O d th thu c V
1
lt H
2
.
- Th nghim 2: nu cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c V
2
lt H
2
.
Cc kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l
A. V
1
= V
2
. B. V
1
> V
2
. C. V
1
< V
2
. D. V
1
s V
2
.
Hng dn gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng khi ha tan hn hp Na v Al vi H
2
O v vi dung dch NaOH d:
Na + H
2
O NaOH +
1
2
H
2
(1)
2Al + 6H
2
O + 2NaOH Na[Al(OH)
4
] + 3H
2
(2)
t s mol Na v Al ban u ln lt l x v y (mol).
TN1: x > y n
NaOH
va hoc d khi ha tan Al c hai th nghim cng to thnh
x 3x
2 2
| |
+
|
\ .

mol H
2
.
V
1
= V
2
.
TN2: x < y trong TN1 (1) Al d, TN2 (2) Al tan ht
2 2
H (TN2) H (TN2)
n n . >
V
2
> V
1
.
Nh vy (x,y > 0) th V
2
> V
1
. (p n D)

67
V d 15: Mt bnh kn cha V lt NH
3
v V'

lt O
2
cng iu kin. Nung nng bnh c xc tc NH
3

chuyn ht thnh NO, sau NO chuyn ht thnh NO
2
. NO
2
v lng O
2
cn li trong bnh hp
th va vn ht trong nc thnh dung dch HNO
3
. T s
V
V
'
l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Hng dn gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
4NH
3
+ 5O
2

o
xt
t
4NO + 6H
2
O
V 5V/4 V
2NO + O
2

2NO
2

V V/2 V
4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3

V
5V V
V
4 2
| |
'
|
\ .

V = 4
5V V
V
4 2
| |
'
|
\ .

V
V
'
= 2. (p n B)
V d 16: Cht X c khi lng phn t l M. Mt dung dch cht X c nng a mol/l, khi lng ring d
gam/ml. Nng C% ca dung dch X l
A.
a.M
10d
. B.
d.M
10a
. C.
10a
M.d
. D.
a.M
1000d
.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 lt dung dch cht X:
n
X
= a mol m
X
= a.M
m
dd X
=
a.M.100
C%
= 1000d
C% =
a.M
10d
. (p n A)
V d 17: Hn hp X c mt s ankan. t chy 0,05 mol hn hp X thu c a mol CO
2
v b mol H
2
O.
Kt lun no sau y l ng?
A. a = b. B. a = b 0,02.
C. a = b 0,05. D. a = b 0,07.
Hng dn gii
t cng thc tng qut ca 1 s ankan l
x 2x 2
C H
+

x 2x 2
C H
+
+
2
3x 1
O
2
+
x CO
2
+ (x 1) + H
2
O
0,5 0,05 x 0,05(x 1) + mol

0,05x a
0,05(x 1) b
=
+ =
a = b 0,05. (p n C)
VNMATHS.TK

68
V d 18: (Cu 40 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Thc hin hai th nghim:
1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO
3
1M thot ra V
1
lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5 M thot ra V
2

lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V
1
v V
2
l
A. V
2
= V
1
. B. V
2
= 2V
1
. C. V
2
= 2,5V
1
. D. V
2
= 1,5V
1
.
Hng dn gii
TN1:
3
Cu
HNO
3,84
n 0,06 mol
64
n 0,08 mol
= =

3
H
NO
n 0,08 mol
n 0,08 mol
+

3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
u bi: 0,06 0,08 0,08 H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02 0,02 mol
V
1
TN2: n
Cu
= 0,06 mol ;
3
HNO
n 0,08 mol = ;
2 4
H SO
n 0,04 mol. =
Tng
H
n
+
= 0,16 mol ;
3
NO
n

= 0,08 mol.
3Cu + 8H
+
+ 2NO
3
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO
|
+ 4H
2
O
u bi: 0,06 0,16 0,08 Cu v H
+
phn ng ht
Phn ng: 0,06 0,16 0,04 0,04 mol
V
2
Nh vy V
2
= 2V
1
. (p n B)
MT S BI TP VN DNG GII THEO PHNG PHP CC I LNG
DNG TNG QUT
01. Dung dch A c a mol NH
4
+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol SO
4
2
v d mol HCO
3
. Biu thc no biu th s lin

quan gia a, b, c, d sau y l ng?
A. a + 2b = c + d. B. a + 2b = 2c + d.
C. a + b = 2c + d. D. a + b = c+ d.
02. Cho a mol Fe vo dung dch cha b mol dung dch AgNO
3
. a v b c quan h nh th no thu c
dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
3
duy nht sau phn ng?
A. b =2a. B. b>a. C. b=3a. D. b >a.
03. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
: a mol; HCO
3
: b mol; CO
3
2
: c mol; SO
4
2
: d mol. to ra kt ta ln
nht ngi ta dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
nng x mol/l. Lp biu thc tnh x theo a v b.
A. x = a + b. B. x = a b. C. x =
a b
0,2
+
. D. x =
a b
0,1
+
.
04. Dung dch X cha a mol NaAlO
2
. Khi thm vo dung dch X b mol hoc 2b mol dung dch HCl th lng
kt ta sinh ra u nh nhau. T s
a
b
c gi tr bng

69
A. 1. B. 1,25. C. 1,5. D. 1,75.
05. Oxi ha mt lng Fe thnh hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
cn a mol Oxi. Kh hon ton hn hp
X thnh Fe cn b mol Al. T s
a
b
c gi tr bng
A. 0,75. B. 1. C. 1,25. D. 1,5.
06. C mt lng anehit HCHO c chia lm 2 phn bng nhau, mi phn cha a mol HCHO.
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
thu c m gam Ag.
- Phn 2: Oxi ha bng Oxi thnh HCOOH vi hiu sut 40% thu c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng
vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
thu c m' gam Ag. T s
m
m
'
c gi tr bng
A. 0,2. B. 0,4. C. 0,6. D. 0,8.
07. A l axit cha ba nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Cho 0,015 mol A tc dng vi dung dch cha a mol
Ba(OH)
2
thu c dung dch B. Ngi ta nhn thy:
Nu a = 0,01 mol th dung dch B lm qu tm.
Nu a = 0,02 mol th dung dch B lm xanh qu tm. B c cng thc cu to:
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOH. B. CH
2
=CHCOOH.
C. CHCCOOH. D. HOOCCH
2
COOH.
08. C 2 axit hu c no: (A) l axit n chc v (B) l axit a chc. Hn hp (X) cha x mol (A) v y mol
(B). t chy hon ton (X) th thu c 11,2 lt CO
2
(ktc). Cho x + y = 0,3 v M
A
< M
B
. Vy cng
thc phn t ca (A) l:
A. CH
3
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. HCOOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
09. Hn hp A gm Al v Fe
2
O
3
c khi lng trung bnh l
A
M . Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm, sau mt
thi gian thu c hn hp B c khi lng phn t trung bnh l
B
M . Quan h gia
A
M v
B
M l
A.
A
M =
B
M . B.
A
M >
B
M .
C.
A
M <
B
M . D.
A
M >
B
M .
10. Kh hon ton mt lng oxit st cn V lt H
2
. ha tan hon ton lng st sinh ra trn trong dung
dch HCl thy to ra V' lt H
2
. Bit V > V' (cc kh o cng iu kin). Cng thc oxit st l
A. Fe
2
O
3
. B. FeO.
C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
.
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A
6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D

VNMATHS.TK

70
Phng php 10
T CHN LNG CHT
Trong mt s cu hi v bi tp trc nghim chng ta c th gp mt s trng hp c bit sau:
- C mt s bi ton tng nh thiu d kin gy b tc cho vic tnh ton.
- C mt s bi ton ngi ta cho di dng gi tr tng qut nh a gam, V lt, n mol hoc cho t l
th tch hoc t l s mol cc cht...
Nh vy kt qu gii bi ton khng ph thuc vo cht cho. Trong cc trng hp trn tt nht ta t
chn mt gi tr nh th no cho vic gii bi ton tr thnh n gin nht.
Cch 1: Chn mt mol nguyn t, phn t hoc mt mol hn hp cc cht phn ng.
Cch 2: Chn ng t l lng cht trong u bi cho.
Cch 3: Chn cho thng s mt gi tr ph hp chuyn phn s phc tp v s n gin tnh ton.
Sau y l mt s v d in hnh:

Cch 1: CHN 1 MOL CHT HOC HN HP CHT PHN NG
V d 1: Ho tan mt mui cacbonat kim loi M ha tr n bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
9,8% ta
thu c dung dch mui sunfat 14,18%. M l kim loi g?
A. Cu. B. Fe. C. Al. D. Zn.
Hng dn gii
Chn 1 mol mui M
2
(CO
3
)
n
.
M
2
(CO
3
)
n
+ nH
2
SO
4
M
2
(SO
4
)
n
+ nCO
2
|
+ nH
2
O
C (2M + 60n) gam 98n gam (2M + 96n) gam

2 4
dd H SO
98n 100
m 1000n gam
9,8
= =

2 3 n 2 4 2
M (CO ) dd H SO CO
m m m m = +
dd mui

= 2M + 60n + 1000.n 44.n = (2M + 1016.n) gam.

( ) +
= =
+
dd mui
2M 96 100
C% 14,18
2M 1016n

M = 28.n n = 2 ; M = 56 l ph hp vy M l Fe. (p n B)
V d 2: Cho dung dch axit axetic c nng x% tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH 10% th thu c
dung dch mui c nng 10,25%. Vy x c gi tr no sau y?
A. 20%. B. 16%. C. 15%. D.13%.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol CH
3
COOH:
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
60 gam 40 gam 82 gam

71

3
dd CH COOH
60 100
m gam
x
=

ddNaOH
40 100
m 400 gam
10
= =

60 100 82 100
m 400
x 10, 25

= + =
dd mui
gam.
x = 15%. (p n C).
V d 3: (Cu 1 - M 231 - Khi A - TSC 2007)
Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)
2
bng mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% thu c
dung dch mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol M(OH)
2
tham gia phn ng
M(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
MSO
4
+ 2H
2
O
C (M + 34) gam 98 gam (M + 96) gam

2 4
dd H SO
98 100
m 490 gam
20
= =
( )
( )
4
dd MSO
M 96 100
m M 34 490
27, 21
+
= + + =
M = 64 M l Cu. (p n A)
V d 4: Hn hp X gm N
2
v c H
2
c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 3,6. Sau khi tin hnh phn ng tng
hp c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi H
2
bng 4. Hiu sut phn ng tng hp l
A. 10%. B. 15%. C. 20%. D. 25%.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol hn hp X, ta c:
m
x
=
X
M = 7,2 gam.
t
2
N
n a mol = , ta c:
28a + 2(1 a) = 7,2
a = 0,2

2
N
n 0,2 mol = v
2
H
n 0,8 mol = H
2
d.
N
2
+ 3H
2

o
xt , t
p
2NH
3

Ban u: 0,2 0,8
Phn ng: x 3x 2x
Sau phn ng: (0,2 x) (0,8 3x) 2x
n
Y
= (1 2x) mol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c m
X
= m
Y

VNMATHS.TK

72

Y
Y
Y
m
n
M
=
( )
7,2
1 2x
8
= x = 0,05.
Hiu sut phn ng tnh theo N
2
l
0,05 100
25%
0, 2
= . (p n D)
V d 5: Hn hp A gm mt Anken v hiro c t khi so vi H
2
bng 6,4. Cho A i qua niken nung nng
c hn hp B c t khi so vi H
2
bng 8 (gi thit hiu sut phn ng xy ra l 100%). Cng
thc phn t ca anken l
A. C
2
H
4
.

B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
.

D. C
5
H
10
.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol hn hp A gm (a mol C
n
H
2n
v (1a) mol H
2
)
Ta c: 14.n.a + 2(1 a) = 12,8 (1)
Hn hp B c M 16 14n = < (vi n > 2) trong hn hp B c H
2
d
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2

o
Ni, t
C
n
H
2n+2

Ban u: a mol (1a) mol
Phn ng: a a a mol
Sau phn ng hn hp B gm (1 2a) mol H
2
d v a mol C
n
H
2n+2
. tng n
B
= 1 2a.
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c m
A
= m
B

B
B
B
m
n
M
= ( )
12,8
1 2a
16
= a = 0,2 mol.
Thay a = 0,2 vo (1) ta c 140,2n + 2(1 0,2) = 12,8
n = 4 anken l C
4
H
8
. (p n C)
V d 6: Oxi ha C
2
H
5
OH bng CuO nung nng, thu c hn hp cht lng gm CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH d v
H
2
O c M = 40 vC. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ha l
A. 25%. B. 35%. C. 45%. D. 55%.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH. t a mol C
2
H
5
OH b oxi ha. Vy a l hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ha ru.
C
2
H
5
OH + CuO
o
t
CH
3
CHO + H
2
O + Cu
|

Ban u: 1 mol
Oxi ha: a mol a mol a mol
Sau phn ng: (1 a) mol C
2
H
5
OH d a mol a mol

46(1 a) 44a 18a
M 40
1 a
+ +
= =
+

a = 0,25 hay hiu sut l 25%. (p n A)
V d 7: Hn hp X gm N
2
v H
2
c
X
M 12, 4 = . Dn X i qua bnh ng bt Fe ri nung nng bit rng
hiu sut tng hp NH
3
t 40% th thu c hn hp Y.
Y
M c gi tr l
A. 15,12. B. 18,23. C. 14,76. D. 13,48.

73
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol hn hp X m
X
= 12,4 gam gm a mol N
2
v (1 a) mol H
2
.
28a + 2(1 a) = 12,4 a = 0,4 mol
2
H
n 0,6 mol =
N
2
+ 3H
2

o
xt, t
p
2NH
3
(vi hiu sut 40%)
Ban u: 0,4 0,6
Phn ng: 0,08 0,60,4 0,16 mol
Sau phn ng: 0,32 0,36 0,16 mol
Tng: n
Y
= 0,32 + 0,36 + 0,16 = 0,84 mol;
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c: m
X
= m
Y
.

Y
12, 4
M 14,76 gam
0,84
= = . (p n C)
V d 8: Phng in qua O
2
c hn hp kh O
2
, O
3
c M 33 = gam. Hiu sut phn ng l
A. 7,09%. B. 9,09%. C. 11,09%. D.13,09%.
Hng dn gii
3O
2

TL
2O
3
Chn 1 mol hn hp O
2
, O
3
ta c:

2
O
n a mol = ( )
3
O
n 1 a mol = .
( ) 32a 48 1 a 33 + =
2
15
a mol O
16
=

3
O
15 1
n 1 mol
16 16
= =

2
O
1 3 3
n
16 2 32
= =
b oxi ho
mol
Hiu sut phn ng l:
3
100
32
9,09%
3 15
32 16
=
+
. (p n B)
V d 9: Ho tan hon ton mt lng kim loi R ha tr n bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
long ri c cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c mt lng mui khan c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng kim loi R
ban u em ho tan. Kim loi R l
A. Al. B. Ba. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol kim loi ng vi R (gam) tham gia phn ng.
2R + nH
2
SO
4
R
2
(SO
4
)
n
+ nH
2

C R (gam)
2R 96n
gam mui
2
+
| |
|
\ .

( ) 2R 96n
5R
2
+
= R = 12n tha mn vi n = 2.
VNMATHS.TK

74
Vy: R = 24 (Mg). (p n D)

Cch 2: CHN NG T L LNG CHT TRONG U BI CHO
V d 10: (Cu 48 - M 182 - khi A - TSH 2007)
Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn hp
trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi
i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
8
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
3
H
4
.
Hng dn gii
t hn hp gm hirocacbon X gm C
x
H
y
(1 mol) v O
2
(10 mol ).
C
x
H
y
+
y
x
4
| |
+
|
\ .
O
2
xCO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O
1 mol
y
x
4
| |
+
|
\ .
mol x mol
y
2
mol
Hn hp kh Z gm x mol CO
2
v
y
10 x
4
| |
+
|

\ .
mol O
2
d.

Z
M 19 2 38 = =

2
2
co
o
n
1
n 1
=
Vy:
y
x 10 x
4
= 8x = 40 y.
x = 4, y = 8 tho mn p n C.
V d 11: A l hn hp gm mt s hirocacbon th kh, B l khng kh. Trn A vi B cng nhit p
sut theo t l th tch (1:15) c hn hp kh D. Cho D vo bnh kn dung tch khng i V.
Nhit v p sut trong bnh l t
o
C v p atm. Sau khi t chy A trong bnh ch c N
2
, CO
2
v
hi nc vi
2 2
CO H O
V : V 7 : 4 = a bnh v t
o
C.
p sut trong bnh sau khi t l p
1
c gi tr l
A.
1
47
p p.
48
= B. p
1
= p.
C.
1
16
p p.
17
= D.
1
3
p p.
5
=
Hng dn gii
t A: C
x
H
y
+
2
y
x O
4
| |
+
|
\ .
xCO
2
+
2
y
H O
2

V phn ng ch c N
2
, H
2
O, CO
2
cc hirocacbon b chy ht v O
2
va .
Chn
x y
C H
n 1 = n
B
= 15 mol
2
O
y 15
n x 3
4 5
= + = =
p.
mol.
2
2
CO
O
( n ) 44 6
38
( n ) 32 6

75

2 2
N O
n 4n 12 mol = =

y
x 3
4
x : y 2 7 : 4
+ =
x =
7
3
; y =
8
3

V nhit v th tch khng i nn p sut t l vi s mol kh, ta c:

1
p 7 3 4 3 12 47
p 1 15 48
+ +
= =
+

1
47
p p.
48
= (p n A)

Cch 3: CHN GI TR CHO THNG S
V d 12: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp X hai hirocacbon A, B thu c
132.a
41
gam CO
2
v
2
45a
gam H O
41
. Nu thm vo hn hp X mt na lng A c trong hn hp X ri t chy hon
ton th thu c
2
165a
gam CO
41
v
2
60,75a
gam H O
41
. Bit A, B khng lm mt mu nc Br
2
.
a) Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C
2
H
2
.

B. C
2
H
6
. C. C
6
H
12
. D. C
6
H
14
.
b) Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C
2
H
2
.

B. C
6
H
6
. C. C
4
H
4
.

D. C
8
H
8
.
c) Phn trm s mol ca A, B trong hn hp X l.
A. 60%; 40%. B. 25%; 75%.
C. 50%; 50%. D. 30%; 70%.
Hng dn gii
a) Chn a = 41 gam.
t X
2
CO
132
n 3 mol
44
= = v
2
H O
45
n 2,5 mol
18
= = .
t
1
X A
2
| |
+
|
\ .

2
CO
165
n 3,75 mol
44
= = v
2
H O
60,75
n 3,375 mol
18
= = .
t
1
A
2
thu c (3,75 3) = 0,75 mol CO
2
v (3,375 2,5) = 0,875 mol H
2
O.
t chy A thu c
2
CO
n 1,5 mol = v
2
H O
n 1,75 mol = .
v
2 2
H O CO
n n > A thuc loi ankan, do :
( )
n 2n 2 2 2 2
3n 1
C H O nCO n 1 H O
2
+
+
+ + +

2
2
CO
H O
n
n 1,5
n n 1 1,75
= =
+
n = 6 A l C
6
H
14
. (p n D)
b) t B thu c (3 1,5) = 1,5 mol CO
2
v (2,5 1,75) = 0,75 mol H
2
O
VNMATHS.TK

76
Nh vy
C
H
n 1,5 1
n 0,75 2 1
= =
cng thc tng qut ca B l (CH)

n
v X khng lm mt mu nc
Brom nn B thuc aren B l C
6
H
6
. (p n B)
c) V A, B c cng s nguyn t C (6C) m lng CO
2
do A, B to ra bng nhau (1,5 mol) n
A
= n
B
.
%n
A
= %n
B
= 50%. (p n C)
V d 13: Trn a gam hn hp X gm 2 hirocacbon C
6
H
14
v C
6
H
6
theo t l s mol (1:1) vi m gam mt
hirocacbon D ri t chy hon ton th thu c
2
275a
gam CO
82
v
94,5a
82
gam H
2
O.
a) D thuc loi hirocacbon no
A. C
n
H
2n+2
.

B. C
m
H
2m2
. C. C
n
H
2n
.

D. C
n
H
n
.
b) Gi tr m l
A. 2,75 gam. B. 3,75 gam. C. 5 gam. D. 3,5 gam.
Hng dn gii
a) Chn a = 82 gam
t X v m gam D (C
x
H
y
) ta c:

2
2
CO
H O
275
n 6,25 mol
44
94,5
n 5, 25 mol
18
= =
= =

C
6
H
14
+
19
2
O
2
6CO
2
+ 7H
2
O
C
6
H
6
+
15
2
O
2
6CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
t D:
x y 2 2 2
y y
C H x O xCO H O
4 2
| |
+ + +
|
\ .

t
6 14 6 6
C H C H
n n b mol = = ta c:
86b + 78b = 82
b = 0,5 mol.
t 82 gam hn hp X thu c:
( )
2
CO
n 0,5 6 6 6 mol = + =
( )
2
H O
n 0,5 7 3 5 mol = + =
t chy m gam D thu c:

2
CO
n 6, 25 6 0, 25 mol = =

2
H O
n 5, 25 5 0, 25 mol = =
Do
2 2
CO H O
n n = D thuc C
n
H
2n
. (p n C)
b) m
D
= m
C
+ m
H
= 0,25(12 + 2) = 3,5 gam. (p n D)
V d 14: X l hp kim gm (Fe, C, Fe
3
C), trong hm lng tng cng ca Fe l 96%, hm lng C n
cht l 3,1%, hm lng Fe
3
C l a%. Gi tr a l

77
A. 10,5. B. 13,5. C. 14,5. D. 16.
Hng dn gii
Xt 100 gam hn hp X ta c m
C
= 3,1 gam,
3
Fe C
m = a gam v s gam Fe tng cng l 96 gam.

( )
3
C trong Fe C
12a
m 100 96 3,1
180
= =
a = 13,5. (p n B)
V d 15: Nung m gam X cha 80% khi lng gam CaCO
3
(phn cn li l tp cht tr) mt thi gian
thu c cht rn Y cha 45,65 % CaO. Tnh hiu sut phn hy CaCO
3
.
A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 80%. D. 70%.
Hng dn gii
Chn m
X
= 100 gam
3
CaCO
m 80 gam = v khi lng tp cht bng 20 gam.
CaCO
3

o
t
CaO + CO
2
(hiu sut = h)
Phng trnh: 100 gam 56 gam 44 gam
Phn ng: 80 gam
56.80
.h
100

44.80
.h
100

Khi lng cht rn cn li sau khi nung l

2
X CO
44.80. h
m m 100
100
= .

56 80 45,65 44 80 h
h 100
100 100 100

| |
=
|
\ .

h = 0,75 hiu sut phn ng bng 75%. (p n B)

Phn th hai
25 THI TH TUYN SINH I HC, CAO NG
VNMATHS.TK

78
B Gio Dc v o To
Trng i hc s phm H Ni
K thi th i hc(1)
( Thi gian lm bi : 90 pht)

1. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca Fe, bit Fe c s th t 26 trong bng tun hon.
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
6
.

B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
.
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
7
4s
1
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
8
.
2. Khi st trong khng kh m thng b
A. thu phn. B. kh. C. oxi ha. D. phn hu.
3. Chn 1 ha cht di y nhn bit cc cht bt sau: K
2
O, CaO, Al
2
O
3
, MgO
A. H
2
O. B. dd HCl. C. dd NaOH. D. dd H
2
SO
4
.
4. t hn hp bt st v it d thu c
A. FeI
2
. B. FeI
3
.
C. hn hp FeI
2
v FeI
3
. D. khng phn ng.
5. Khi cho Na vo cc dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, FeCl
2
, AlCl
3
, th c hin tng no xy ra c 3 cc:
A. c kt ta. B. c kh thot ra.
C. c kt ta ri tan. D. khng c hin tng g.
6. iu ch Na ngi ta dng phng php
A. nhit phn NaNO
3
.

B. in phn dung dch NaCl.
C. in phn nng chy NaCl.
D. cho K phn ng vi dung dch NaCl.
7. Ho tan hon ton hp kim Li, Na v K vo nc thu c 4,48 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch X. C cn X
thu c 16,2 gam cht rn. Khi lng hp kim trn l:
8. Cc cht NaHCO
3
, NaHS, Al(OH)
3
, H
2
O u l
A. axit. B. baz.
C. cht trung tnh. D. cht lng tnh.
9. Cho cc dung dch HCl va , kh CO
2
, dung dch AlCl
3
ln lt vo 3 cc ng dung dch NaAlO
2
u
thy
A. c kh thot ra. B. dung dch trong sut.
C. c kt ta keo trng. D. c kt ta sau tan dn.

79
10. Cho 3,87 gam Mg v Al vo 200ml dung dch X gm HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thu c dung dch B v
4,368 lt H
2
ktc. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg v Al trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 72,09% v 27,91%. B. 62,79% v 37,21%.
C. 27,91% v 72,09%. D. 37,21% v 62,79%.
11. Dung dch no sau y khng dn c in:
A. mui n. B. axit axetic.
C. axit sunfuric. D. ru etylic.
12. Tng nng mol (C
M
) ca cc ion trong dung dch natriphotphat 0,1M l
A. 0,5 M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,1M.
13. em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2
sau mt thi gian dng li, lm ngui, ri cn thy khi lng gim
0,54g. Vy khi lng mui Cu(NO
3
)
2
b nhit phn l:
A. 0,5g. B. 0,49g. C. 9,4g. D. 0,94g.
14. Biu thc K
a
ca axit HF l
A.
[HF]
[H ][F ]
+
. B. [H ][F ].
+
C.
[H ][F ]
.
[HF]
+
D.
[H ][F ]
.
2[HF]
+

15. Hiroxit no sau y khng l cht lng tnh
A. Zn(OH)
2
. B. Fe(OH)
3
. C. Al(OH)
3
. D. Cr(OH)
3
.
16. Trn 500 ml dung dch HNO
3
0,2M vi 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M. pH ca dung dch thu c l
A. 13. B. 12. C. 7. D. 1.
17. nh gi mnh yu ca axit, baz, ngi ta da vo
A. in li. B. kh nng phn li ra ion H
+
, OH
.
C. gi tr pH. D. hng s phn li axit, baz (K
a
, K
b
).
18. Cc ion no sau y khng th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch:
A. Na
+
, Mg
2+
, NO
3
, SO
4
2
. B. Ba
2+
, Al
3+
, Cl
, HSO
4
.

C. Cu
2+
, Fe
3+
, SO
4
2
, Cl
. D. K
+
, NH
4
+
, OH
, PO
4
3
.

19. HNO
3
c th phn ng vi c nhng kim loi ng sau H trong dy hot ng ho hc cc kim loi v
A. HNO
3
l mt axit mnh. B. HNO
3
c tnh oxi ho mnh.
C. HNO
3
d b phn hu. D. c 3 l do trn.
20. Chn khi nim ng v th hnh
A. Th hnh l cc cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu to.
B. Th hnh l cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau s ntron.
C. Th hnh l cc n cht ca cng mt nguyn t nhng c cng thc cu to khc nhau.
D. Th hnh l cc nguyn t c cng s n v in tch ht nhn, khc nhau v s khi.
21. Cho 12 gam dung dch NaOH 10% tc dng vi 5,88 gam dung dch H
3
PO
4
20% thu c dung dch X.
dung dch X cha cc mui sau:
A. Na
3
PO
4
. B. Na
2
HPO
4
.
C. NaH
2
PO
4
, Na
2
HPO
4
. D. Na
2
HPO
4
, Na
3
PO
4
.
VNMATHS.TK

80
22. Cho 8,8 gam hai kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II v hai chu k lin tip tc dng vi HCl d,
thu c 6,72 lt H
2
(ktc). Hai kim loi l
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Mg v Zn. D. Ca v Ba.
23. in phn dung dch KCl n khi c bt kh thot ra c hai in cc th dng li. Dung dch thu c
c mi trng
A. axit. B. baz.
C. trung tnh. D. khng xc nh c.
24. Lng qung boxit cha 60% Al
2
O
3
sn xut 1 tn Al (hiu sut 100%) l
A. 3,148 tn. B. 4,138 tn. C. 1,667 tn. D. 1,843 tn.
25. Sp xp cc cp oxi ho kh sau theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ho Mn
2+
/Mn, Cu
2+
/Cu, Ag
+
/Ag, 2H
+
/H
2
:
A. Mn
2+
/Mn < Cu
2+
/Cu < Ag
+
/Ag < 2H
+
/H
2
.
B. Mn
2+
/Mn < 2H
+
/H
2
< Cu
2+
/Cu < Ag
+
/Ag.
C. Mn
2+
/Mn < Cu
2+
/Cu <2H
+
/H
2
< Ag
+
/Ag.
D. Mn
2+
/Mn < 2H
+
/H
2
< Ag
+
/Ag < Cu
2+
/Cu.
26. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t X l XO
2
. Hp cht hirua ca X c cng thc l
A. XH. B. XH
2
. C. XH
3
. D. XH
4
.
27. Da vo quy lut bin i tnh cht ca bng HTTH th kim loi mnh nht v phi kim mnh nht l
A. franxi v iot. B. liti v flo. C. liti v iot. D. franxi v flo.
28. Trong mt chu k, s bin i tnh axit - baz ca cc oxit cao nht v cc hiroxit tng ng theo chiu
tng ca in tch ht nhn l
A. tnh axit v baz u tng.
B. tnh axit v baz u gim.
C. tnh axit tng dn, tnh baz gim dn.
D. tnh axit gim dn, tnh baz tng dn.
29. Hai nguyn t A v B thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh chu k 2 v 3 c s n v in tch ht nhn
hn km nhau l
A. 8. B. 18. C. 2. D. 10.
30. Nguyn t ca nguyn t ha hc no c cu hnh electron sau:
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1

A. Na. B. Ca. C. K. D. Ba.
31. Nguyen t X c tng s ht (p + n + e) = 24. Bit s ht p = s ht n. X l
A.
13
Al. B.
8
O. C.
20
Ca. D.
17
Cl.
32. phn bit mantoz v saccaroz ngi ta lm nh sau:
A. Cho cc cht ln lt tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
B. Thu phn tng cht ri ly sn phm cho tc dng vi dung dch Br
2
.
C. Thu phn sn phm ri ly sn phm cho tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
/NH
3
.
D. Cho cc cht ln lt tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
.
33. Thc hin phn ng tch nc vi mt ru n chc A iu kin thch hp, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c hp cht hu c B c t khi hi so vi A bng 1,7. Cng thc phn t ca A l

81
A. CH
3
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
3
H
5
OH.
34. Tnh khi lng r etylic cn thit pha c 5 lt ru etylic 90
o
. Bit khi lng ring ca ru
nguyn cht l 0,8 gam/ml.
A. 3,6 kg. B. 6,3 kg. C. 4,5 kg. D. 5,625 kg.
35. Cng thc n gin nht ca axit hu c A l CH
2
O. Khi t chy 1 mol A th thu c 4 mol kh
cacbonic. A c CTPT:
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
.

B. C
4
H
4
O
2
.

C. C
4
H
8
O
2
.

D. C
4
H
8
O
4
.
36. Hp cht A
1
c CTPT C
3
H
6
O
2
tho mn s :
A
1

dd NaOH
A
2

2 4
dd H SO
A
3

3 3
dd AgNO / NH
A
4

Cu to tho mn ca A1 l
A. HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO. B. CH
3
CH
2
COOH.
C. HCOOCH
2
CH
3
. D. CH
3
COCH
2
OH.
37. Trung ho 12 gam hn hp ng s mol gm axit fomic v mt axit hu c n chc X bng NaOH thu
c 16,4 gam hai mui. Cng thc ca axit l
A. C
2
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. C
2
H
3
COOH. D. C
3
H
7
COOH.
38. Mt axit hp cht hu c c t l khi lng c nguyn t
C H O
m : m : m = 3: 0,5: 4 l
A. Cng thc n gin nht ca X l CH
2
O.
B. Cng thc phn t ca X l C
2
H
4
O.
C. Cng thc cu to ca X l CH
3
COOH.
D. C A, B, C.
39. Mui Na
+
, K
+
ca cc axit bo cao c dng lm
A. x phng. B. cht dn din.
C. sn xut Na
2
CO
3
. D. cht xc tc.
40. Nhit si ca cc cht CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
6
, tng theo th t l
A. C
2
H
6
< CH
3
CHO < CH
3
COOH < C
2
H
5
OH.
B. CH
3
COOH < C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
CHO < C
2
H
6
.
C. C
2
H
6
< C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
CHO < CH
3
COOH.
D. C
2
H
6
< CH
3
CHO < C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH.
41. Cho hp cht (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
COOH. Tn gi ng theo danh quc t ng vi cu to trn l
A. axit 3-metylbutanoic. B. axit 3-metylbutan-1-oic.
C. axit isobutiric. D. axit 3-metylpentanoic.
42. S nguyn t C trong 2 phn t isobutiric l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
43. Mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C
3
H
7
O
2
N l cht lng tnh v lm mt mu dung dch brom. CTCT
ca hp cht trn l
A. H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
COOH. B. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
C. CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
. D. A hoc B.
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82
44. Phn ng gia nhiu phn t nh to thnh phn t ln, sau phn ng c gii phng cc phn t nh, gi
l phn ng
A. trng hp. B. trng ngng. C. cng hp. D. tch nc.
45. Lin kt ba l lin kt gm
A. 3 lin kt o. B. 3 lin kt t.
C. 2 lin kt o v 1 lin kt t. D. 1 lin kt o v 2 lin kt t.
46. Hai hirocacbon A v B u trng thi kh, A c cng thc C
2x
H
y
, B c cng thc C
x
H
2x
. Tng s khi
ca A v B l 80. A v B l
A. C
4
H
4
v C
2
H
4
.

B. C
4
H
8
v C
2
H
4
.

C. C
2
H
4
v C
4
H
4
.

D. C
3
H
4
v C
3
H
6
.
47. Phn cng gia ivinyl vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 thu c ti a my sn phm?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
48. Ankadien lin hp l tn gi ca cc hp cht m
A. trong phn t c 2 lin kt i.
B. trong phn t c 2 lin kt i cch nhau 1 lin kt n.
C. trong phn t c 2 lin kt i cch nhau 2 lin kt n tr ln.
D. trong phn t c 2 lin kt i lin k nhau.
49. Nilon-7 c iu ch bng phn ng ngng t amino axit no sau?
A. H
2
N(CH
2
)
6
NH
2
.
B. H
2
N(CH
2
)
6
COOH.
C. H
2
N(CH
2
)
6
NH
2
v HOOC(CH
2
)
6
COOH.
D. CH
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
50. PS l sn phm ca phn ng trng hp monome no sau y?
A. CH
2
=CH
2
.

B. CH
2
=CHCl.
C. C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
. D. CH
2
=CHCH=CH
2
.

83

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

1. Bit Fe c s th t 26 trong bng tun hon. Cu hnh no sau y l ca Fe
2+
?
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
4
.
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
4
4s
2
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1
3d
5
.
2. Loi qung c thnh phn ch yu l Fe
2
O
3
gi l
A. manhetit. B. xierit. C. pirit. D. hemantit.
3. Trong cc phn ng ho hc st kim loi lun th hin tnh cht g?
A. Tnh oxi ha.
B. Tnh cht kh.
C. va th hin tnh oxi ha va th hin tnh kh
D. t oxi ha kh.
4. nhn ra cc cht rn: Na
2
O, Al
2
O
3
, Al, Fe, CaC
2
, ch cn dng
A. H
2
O. B. dd HCl. C. dd NaOH. D. dd H
2
SO
4
.
5. T mui n, nc v iu kin cn thit khng th iu ch c
A. nc Javen. B. axit HCl. C. dd NaOH. D. dd NaHCO
3
.
6. Khi cho NaHCO
3
phn ng vi cc dung dch H
2
SO
4
long v Ba(OH)
2
, chng minh rng
A. NaHCO
3
c tnh axit. B. NaHCO
3
c tnh baz.
C. NaHCO
3
c tnh lng tnh. D. NaHCO
3
c th to mui.
7. Phn ng: Cl
2
+ 2NaOH NaClO + NaCl + H
2
O
chng minh rng:
A. clo c tnh ty mu.
B. tnh baz mnh ca NaOH.
C. phn ng oxi ho kh ni phn t.
D. phn ng t oxi ho kh.
8. Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H
2
.
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84
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO
3
long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
9. phn bit Al, Al
2
O
3
, Mg c th dng
A. dd KOH. B. dd HCl. C. dd H
2
SO
4
. D. Cu(OH)
2
.
10. Tng s ht trong ion M
3+
l 37. V tr ca M trong bng tun hon l
A. chu k 3, nhm III
A
. B. chu k 3, nhm II
A
.
C. chu k 3, nhm VI
A
. D. chu k 4, nhm I
A
.
11. Dy cht no sau y l cc cht in li mnh?
A. NaCl, CuSO
4
, Fe(OH)
3
, HBr .
B. KNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, CH
3
COOH, NaOH.
C. CuSO
4
, HNO
3
, NaOH, MgCl
2
.
D. KNO
3
, NaOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCl.
12. Khi thay i nhit ca dung dch cht in li th
A. in li v hng s in li u thay i.
B. in li v hng s in li u khng i.
C. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i.
D. in li khng i v hng s in li thay i.
Chn cu ng?
13. Dung dch nhm sunfat c nng Al
3+
l 0,9M. Nng ca ion SO
4
2
l
A. 0,9M. B. 0,6M. C. 0,45M. D. 1,35M.
14. Dy cht, ion no sau y l axit?
A. HCOOH, HS
, NH
4
+
, Al
3+
. B. Al(OH)
3
, HSO
4
, HCO
3
, S
2
.
C. HSO
4
, H
2
S, NH
4
+
, Fe
3+
. D. Mg
2+
, ZnO, HCOOH, H
2
SO
4
.
15. Dung dch HCOOH 0,01 mol/lt c
A. pH = 7. B. pH > 7. C. pH < 7. D. 2 < pH <7.
16. Dung dch HNO
3
c pH = 2. Cn pha long dung dch trn bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch c pH =
3?
A. 1,5 ln. B. 10 ln. C. 2 ln. D. 5 ln.
17. Hp th 3,36 lt SO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hi dung dch thu c c cha cht g?
A. Na
2
SO
3
.

B. NaHSO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
.
C. NaHSO
3
.

D. Na
2
SO
3
, NaOH.
18. S thu phn mui amoni cacbonat s to ra
A. axit yu v baz mnh. B. axit yu v baz yu.
C. axit mnh v baz yu. D. axit mnh v baz mnh.
19. iu no sau y khng ng?
A. i t nit n bitmut, tnh axit ca cc oxit tng dn, tnh baz gim dn.
B. Hp cht vi hiro ca cc nguyn t nhm nit c cng thc chung l RH
3
.
C. Trong cc hp cht, cc nguyn t nhm nit c s oxi ho cao nht l +5.

85
D. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t nhm nit l ns
2
np
3
.
20. C th dng dy cht no sau y lm kh kh amoniac
A. CaCl
2
khan, P
2
O
5
, CuSO
4
khan.
B. H
2
SO
4
c, CaO khan, P
2
O
5
.
C. NaOH rn, Na, CaO khan.
D. CaCl
2
khan, CaO khan, NaOH rn.
21. in phn dung dch cha HCl v KCl vi mng ngn xp, sau mt thi gian thu c dung dch ch
cha mt cht tan v c pH = 12. Vy:
A. ch c HCl b in phn.
B. ch c KCl b in phn.
C. HCl b in phn ht, KCl b in phn mt phn.
D. HCl v KCl u b in phn ht.
22. C 2 bnh in phn mc ni tip bnh 1 cha CuCl
2
, bnh 2 cha AgNO
3
. Khi anot ca bnh 1 thot ra
22,4 lt mt kh duy nht th anot ca bnh 2 thot ra bao nhiu lt kh?
A. 11,2 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 33,6 lt. D. 44,8 lt.
23. Cho mt s nguyn t sau
10
Ne,
11
Na,
8
O,
16
S. Cu hnh electron sau: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
khng phi l ca ht no
trong s cc ht di y?
A. Nguyn t Ne. B. Ion Na
+
.
C. Ion S
2
. D. Ion O
2
.
24. Nhng iu khng nh no sau y khng phi bao gi cng ng?
A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn.
B. Trong nguyn t s proton bng s ntron.
C. S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t.
D. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t Na mi c 11 proton.
25. Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong dy VI
A
:
8
O,
16
S,
34
Se,
52
Te
A. tng. B. gim.
C. khng thay i. D. va tng va gim.
26. Cc nguyn t thuc nhm II
A
trong bng h thng tun hon
A. d dng cho cho 2e t cu hnh bn vng.
B. d dng nhn 2e t cu hnh bn vng.
C. d dng nhn 6e t cu hnh bn vng.
D. L cc phi kim hot ng mnh.
27. Ion Y
c cu hnh electron: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
. V tr ca Y trong bng HTTH l
A. Chu k 3, nhm VII
A
. B. Chu k 3, nhm VIII
A
.
C. Chu k 4, nhm I
A
. D. Chu k 4, nhm VI
A
.
28. Cho 5,4 gam mt kim loi tc dng ht vi clo, thu c 26,7 gam mui clorua. Kim loi dng l
A. Fe. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Mg.
29. Cho hn hp A gm Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch CuCl
2
. Khuy u hn hp, lc ra kt ta, thu -
c dung dch B v cht rn C. Thm vo B mt lng dung dch NaOH long d, lc ra kt ta mi
VNMATHS.TK

86
to thnh. Nung kt ta trong khng kh nhit cao thu c cht rn D gm hai oxit kim loi. Tt
c cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Hai oxit kim loi l
A. Al
2
O
3
, Fe
2
O
3
. B. Al
2
O
3
, CuO.
C. Fe
2
O
3
, CuO. D. Al
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
.
30. Ghp thnh cu ng?
Kh amoniac lm giy qu tm m
A. chuyn thnh mu . B. chuyn thnh mu xanh.
C. khng i mu. D. mt mu.
31. Cho bit trong phn ng sau
4HNO
3 c nng
+ Cu Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ H
2
O
HNO
3
ng vai tr l
A. cht oxi ho. B. axit. C. mi trng. D. c A v C.
32. Ho tan hon ton 16,8 gam mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (II) trong HCl d thu c 4,48 lt (ktc)
kh A. Mui cacbonat l
A. MgCO
3
. B. CaCO
3
. C. BaCO
3
. D. ZnCO
3
.
33. Cho V lt CO
2
(ktc) phn ng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
2M thu c 10 gam kt ta. V
c gi tr l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 15,68 lt. D. A hoc C.
34. Ho tan hon ton 15,9 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi Al, Mg v Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 6,72
lt kh NO v dung dch X. em c cn dung dch X thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
35. Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi axit X n chc v ru Y a chc l
A. R(COOR
1
). B. R(COO)
n
R
1
.

C. (ROOC)
n
R
1
(COOR)
m
. D. (RCOO)
n
R
1
.
36. Hai este A, B l ng phn ca nhau. 17,6 gam hn hp ny chim th tch bng th tch ca 6,4 gam oxi
cng iu kin. Hai este A, B l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
.

B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v HCOOC
3
H
7
.
C. HCOOC
3
H
7
v C
3
H
7
COOH. D. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.
37. Hai cht l ng phn cu to ca nhau th:
A. c cng khi lng phn t.
B. c cng thc cu to tng t nhau.
C. c cng cng thc phn t.
D. c cng cng thc n gin nht.
38. C
4
H
8
O
2
c bao nhiu ng phn n chc?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
39. Cho qu tm vo dung dch axit glutamic (axit o-amino pentaioic), qu tm chuyn sang
A. mu . B. mu xanh. C. mt mu. D. sau mt mu.
40. Phn ng cng hp nhiu phn t amino axit gi l phn ng
A. trng hp. B. trng ngng. C. axit baz. D. este ha.
41. Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch axit axetic theo phng php no sau y?

87
A. Ln men gim. B. Oxi ho anehit axetic.
C. Tng hp t axetilen. D. C 3 phng php trn.
42. Cho 2 phn ng:
(1) 2CH
3
COOH + Na
2
CO
3
2CH
3
COONa + H
2
O + CO
2

(2) C
6
H
5
ONa + CO
2
+ H
2
O C
6
H
5
OH + NaHCO
3

Hai ph ng trn chng t lc axit theo th t CH
3
COOH, H
2
CO
3
, C
6
H
5
OH, HCO
3
l
A. tng dn. B. gim dn.
C. khng thay i. D. va tng va gim.
43. Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t lc axit gim dn: etanol (X), phenol (Y), axit benzoic (Z), p-
nitrobenzoic (T), axit axetic (P)
A. X > Y > Z > T > P. B. X > Y > P > Z > T.
C. T > Z > P > Y > X. D. T > P > Z > Y > X.
44. t chy hon ton hn hp hai ru n chc k tip trong dy ng ng thu c CO
2
v hi nc
c t l th tch
2 2
CO H O
V : V 7 :10 = . Cng thc phn t ca 2 ru l
A. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
7
OH.
C. C
2
H
5
OH v C
3
H
5
OH. D. C
3
H
5
OH v C
4
H
7
OH.
45. Cho 0,1 mol mt ru A tc dng vi Kali cho 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Hi A c my nhm chc?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. khng xc nh c.
46. iu ch anehit ngi ta dng phng php:
A. Oxi ha ru n chc.
B. Oxi ha ru bc 1.
C. Thy phn dn xut 1,1- ihalogen trong dung dch kim, un nng.
D. C B, C.
47. Anehit no A c cng thc (C
3
H
5
O)
n
. Gi tr n tha mn l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
48. Nha Baklit c iu ch t
A. phenol v anehit axetic. B. phenol v anehit fomic.
C. axit benzoic v etanol. D. glixezin v axit axetic.
49. Thc hin phn ng trng gng 0,75 gam mt anehit n chc A, thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Xc nh
cng thc phn t ca A.
A. CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO.
C. C
2
H
3
CHO. D. khng xc nh c.
50. trung ho 20 ml dung dch mt axit n chc cn 30 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch
sau khi trung ho thu c 1,44 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca axit l
A. C
2
H
4
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
3
COOH. D. CH
3
COOH

VNMATHS.TK

88
B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc

S 03
1. S bin i m in ca cc nguyn t theo th t sau:
11
Na,
13
Al,
15
P,
17
Cl l
A. tng. B. gim.
C. khng thng i. D. va tng va gim.
2. Nu bit v tr ca mt nguyn t trong bng HTTH c th suy ra
A. n l kim loi hay phi kim. B. ha tr cao nht i vi oxi.
C. tnh cht ca oxit v hiroxit. D. Tt c u ng.
3. Axit no yu nht trong cc axit: HCl, HBr, HI, HF?
A. HCl. B. HBr. C. HI. D. HF.
4. S electron ti a trong lp L (lp n = 2) l
A. 8. B. 6. C. 2. D. 10.
5. Mt ion c 18 electron v 16 proton th in tch ht nhn l
A. 2. B. +2. C. 18. D. +16.
6. Cc ion v nguyn t
10
Ne,
11
Na
+
,
9
F
c c im chung l c cng
A. s electron. B. s proton. C. s ntron. D. s khi.
7. in phn dung dch cha HCl v CuCl
2
. Kt thc in phn khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in
cc. Dung dch thu c c
A. pH = 7. B. pH > 7.
C. pH < 7. D. khng xc nh c.
8. Nguyn t R to c hp cht vi hiro c cng thc RH
3
. Cng thc oxit cao nht ca X l
A. RO. B. R
2
O
3
. C. RO
2
. D. R
2
O
5
.
9. Cht no sau y l cht khng in li?
A. C
6
H
6
. B. HF. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D. Ca(OH)
2
.
10. CH
3
COOH in li theo cn bng sau:

89
CH
3
COOH = CH
3
COO
+ H
+

Cho bit in li ca CH
3
COOH tng khi no?
A. Thm vi git dung dch HCl.
B. Thm vi git dung dch NaOH.
C. Thm vi git dung dch CH
3
COONa.
D. C A v B.
11. in li ca mt cht in li yu s thay i
A. khi thay i nhit .
B. khi thay i nng
C. khi thm vo dung dch mt cht in li mnh c cha 1 trong 2 ion ca cht in li yu .
D. C 3 trng hp trn.
12. Cho cc bt trng K
2
O, MgO, Al
2
O
3
, Al
4
C
3
. phn bit cc cht trn ch cn dng thm
A. dung dch HCl. B. H
2
O.
C. dung dch NaOH. D. dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
13. Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp gm Mg v Al bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,4 mol H
2
. Nu cng cho
lng hn hp ni trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt H
2
(ktc). Khi lng mi
kim loi ln lt l
A. 2,4 gam v 5,4 gam. B. 5,4 gam v 2,4 gam.
C. 1,2 gam v 5,4 gam. C. 2,4 gam v 2,7 gam.
14. Phn ng no khng xy ra vi dung dch NaHCO
3
khi
A. un nng. B. tc dng vi axit.
C. tc dng vi baz. D. tc dng vi BaCl
2
.
15. T Na
2
CO
3
c th iu ch c
A. NaCl. B. Na
2
SO
4
. C. NaHCO
3
. D. C A, B, C.
16. Ho tan ht m gam Kali trong 96,2 gam nc thu c dung dch X c khi lng ring 1,079 gam/ml
(gi thit cht rn chim th tch khng ng k). Khi lng kali dng l
17. Dng ho cht no sau y nhn bit cc dung dch: (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, AlCl
3
, FeCl
3
, CuCl
2
, ZnCl
2

A. dd NH
3
. B. dd NaOH. C. dd Ba(OH)
2
. D. dd Ca(OH)
2
.
18. Cho Al vo hn hp FeCl
3
v HCl

d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cc mui
A. AlCl
3
v FeCl
3
. B. AlCl
3
v FeCl
2
.
C. AlCl
3
. D. FeCl
3
.
19. Gang l hp cht ca st v cacbon trong hm lng cacbon chim
A. t 2 5%. B. di 2%. C. trn 5%. D. 0%.
20. Sc mt th tch CO
2
(ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)
2
0,01M thy xut hin 0,1 gam kt ta trng,
lc kt ta ri em un nng dung dch thu c 0,1 gam kt ta na. Tnh th tch CO
2
?
A. 22,4 ml. B. 44,8 ml. C. 67,2 ml. D. 67,2 lt.
21. Cho 3 kim loi X, Y, Z tha mn:
X Y Z
VNMATHS.TK

90
NaOH +
HCl + + +
HNO
3
c ngui +
X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. Fe, Mg, Al. B. Fe, Mg, Zn. C. Cu, Mg, Al. D. Mg, Fe, Al.
22. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta iu ch nit bng cch nhit phn amoni nitrit. Tnh khi lng amoni
nitrit cn nhit phn thu c 5,6 lt N
2
(ktc).
23. Trn 1 lt O
2
vi 1 lt NO. Hi hn hp thu c c my cht v c th tch l bao nhiu?
A. 2 cht v 2 lt. B. 2 cht v 1,5 lt.
C. 1 cht v 1 lt. D. 3 cht v 2 lt.
24. Phn ng no sau y l phn ng oxi ho kh?
A. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3

o
t
2NH
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
B. 4NH
3
+ Zn(OH)
2
[Zn(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2

C. 2NH
3
+ H
2
SO
4
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4

D. 2NH
3
+ 3CuO N
2
+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O
25. un nng 4,6 gam Na vi 1,55 gam photpho trong iu kin khng c khng kh, sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A thu c kh B.
a) Cht rn A gm:
A. Na
3
P. B. Na
3
P, P, Na. C. Na
3
P, Na. D. Na
3
P, P.
b) Kh B gm:
A. H
2
. B. PH
3
. C. H
2
v PH
3
. D. P
2
H
4
.
26. T dung dch CaCl
2
lm th no iu ch c Ca kim loi?
A. Cho tc dng vi Na.
B. in phn dung dch.
C. C cn ri in phn nng chy.
D. C cn ri nhit phn.
27. Halogen no sau y khng iu ch c bng cch cho axit HX tng ng phn ng vi cht oxi ho
mnh nh KMnO
4
, PbO
2
,
A. F
2
. B. Cl
2
. C. Br
2
. D. I
2
.
28. C hin tng g xy ra khi cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
t t n d vo dung dch FeCl
3
?
A. Si bt kh.
B. Kt ta nu .
C. Kt ta nu v si bt kh.
D. Kt ta trng hi xanh v si bt kh.
29. St ty l st trng thic. Nu thic b xc th kim loi no b n mn trc?
A. St. B. Thic.
C. C 2 b n mn nh nhau. D. Khng xc nh c.

91
30. Thu tinh b n mn bi dung dch axit no sau y?
A. HCl. B. H
2
SO
4
. C. HBr. D. HF.
31. S lng ng phn mch h phn ng c vi NaOH ng vi khi lng phn t 74 vC l:
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
32. Este A cha ti a 4 nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Thu phn hon ton A thu c B, C. Bit rng
B, C u c phn ng trng gng. CTCT ca A l
A. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
.
C. HCOOCH=CH
2
. D. HCOOCH
2
CH=CH
2
.
33. Dung dch glixin (axit amino axetic) c mi trng
A. axit. B. baz. C. trung tnh. D. khng xc nh.
34. Nilon-6 l tn gi ca polipeptit m
A. trong phn t c 6 nguyn t cacbon.
B. trong mt mt xch c 6 nguyn t cacbon.
C. tng s nguyn t trong mt mt xch l 6.
D. phn t c 6 mt xch lin kt vi nhau.
35. Cho 3 baz: n-butylamin, anilin, amoniac sp xp cc cht theo th t tnh baz tng dn.
A. n-butylamin; anilin; amoniac. B. n-butylamin; amoniac; anilin.
C. anilin; amoniac; n-butylamin. D. anilin; n-butylamin; amoniac.
36. Sp xp cc axit sau theo lc axit tng dn: HCOOH (X), CH
3
CH
2
COOH (Y), CHCCOOH (Z),
C
6
H
5
COOH (T)
A. X < Y < Z < T. B. Y < X < Z < T.
C. Y< X < T < Z. D. Z < Y < X < T.
37. Cho hp cht CH
2
=CHCOOH, tn gi ng theo danh quc t ng vi cu to trn l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit vinyl fomic.
C. axit propenoic. D. Axit propanoic.
38. t chy hon ton m gam mt axit Y thu c th tch CO
2
bng th tch hi nc cng iu kin.
Mt khc t khi hi ca Y so vi nit nh hn 2,5. Y c cng thc l
A. HCOOH. B. CH
3
COOH. C. C
2
H
3
COOH. D. c A v B
39. Mt ru A mch h, khng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom. t chy hon ton a lt hi A th
cn 2,5a lt O
2
cng iu kin. CTPT ca A l
A. CH
3
OH. B. C
2
H
6
O
2
. C. C
2
H
4
O
2
. D. C
3
H
8
O
3
.
40. nhn bit cc ng phn n chc ca C
3
H
6
O
2
.
A. qu tm v Ag
2
O/NH
3
.

B. qu tm v NaOH.
C. Na
2
CO
3
v NaOH. D. NaOH v Ag
2
O/NH
3
.
41. Cho hn hp gm 0,2 mol ru A v 0,2 mol ru B tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 0,5 mol H
2
. Mt hn
hp khc gm 0,3 mol A v 0,1 mol B cng cho tc dng vi Na th sinh ra 0,45 mol H
2
. S nhm chc
ca A v B ln lt l
A. 3 v 2. B. 2 v 3. C. 1 v 3. D. 2 v 2.
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92
42. Mt ru c CTPT C
5
H
12
O. Oxi ho ru bng CuO c un nng thu c sn phm c phn ng
trng gng. C bao nhiu CTCT tho mn iu kin trn?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D.6.
43. Ghp tn ct 1 vi cng thc ct 2 cho ph hp?
Ct 1 Ct 2
1) phenyl clorua
2) metylen clorua
3) allyl clorua
4) vinyl clorua
5) clorofom
a. CH
3
Cl
b. CH
2
=CHCl
c. CHCl
3

d. C
6
H
5
Cl
e. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
Cl
f. CH
2
Cl
2

A. 1-d, 2-c, 3-e, 4-b, 5-a. B. 1-d, 2-f, 3-b, 4-e, 5-c.
C. 1-d, 2-f, 3-e, 4-b, 5-a. D. 1-d, 2-f, 3-e, 4-b, 5-c.
44. 1,4-imetylbenzen c my nguyn t C trong phn t?
A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. mt kt qu khc.
45. Hp cht no sau y iu ch c bng cch cho ankin tng ng tc dng vi H
2
O c xc tc l
HgSO
4
?
A. CH
3
CHO. B. CH
3
COCH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH
2
CHO. D. C A, B.
46. CTCT tng qut ca anken c biu din nh sau: R
1
R
2
C=CR
3
R
4
. iu kin xut hin ng phn
hnh hc l
A. R
1
= R
2
= R
3
= R
4
. B. R
1
= R
2
hoc R
3
= R
4
.
C. R
1
= R
2
v R
3
= R
4
. D. R
1
= R
3
v R
2
= R
4
.
47. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon A thu c 3,3 gam CO
2
v 1,8 gam H
2
O. Cng thc tng qut ca
A l
A. C
n
H
2n+2
. B. C
n
H
2n
. C. C
n
H
2n2
. D. C
n
H
2n6
.

48. Nh vi git qu tm vo dung dch anilin. Hi dung dch c mu g?
A. Mu . B. Mu xanh. C. Mu tm. D. Khng mu.
49. Toluen c tnh cht ha hc no m bezen khng c?
A. Phn ng chy.
B. Phn ng th halogen khi c xc tc Fe.
C. Phn ng vi dung dch KMnO
4
, t
o
.
D. Phn ng th nitro vo vng benzen.
50. Phn ng no sau y chng minh cu to ca glucoz?
A. Phn ng trng gng.
B. Phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
to phc.
C. Phn ng vi CH
3
COOH/H
2
SO
4
.
D. C 3 phn ng trn.

93

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

S 04
1. Nguyn t X c cu hnh electron l: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
5
th ion to ra t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron no sau
y:
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
.

B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
.

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
.

D. 1s
2
.
2. Nguyn t X c Z = 26. V tr ca X trong bng HTTH l
A. Chu k 4, nhm VI
B
. B. Chu k 4, nhm VIII
B
.
C. Chu k 4, nhm II
A
. D. Chu k 3, nhm II
B
.
3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c xp chu k 5 c s lp electron l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
4. Mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm V c ha tr cao nht vi oxi v ha tr trong hp cht vi
hiro ln lt l
A. III v V. B. V v V. C. III v III. D. V v III.
5. Cho 3 kim loi thuc chu k 3:
11
Na,
12
Mg,
13
Al. Tnh kh ca chng gim theo th t sau:
A. Na > Mg > Al. B. Al > Mg > Na.
C. Mg > Al > Na. D. Mg > Na > Al.
6. Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng axit-baz
A. H
2
SO
4
+ 2NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O
VNMATHS.TK

94
B. 6HCl + Fe
2
O
3
2FeCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
C. H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4|
+ 2HCl
D. Ca(OH)
2
+ CO
2
CaCO
3|
+ H
2
O
7. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
c pH= 2 th nng ca H
2
SO
4
l
A. 0,01M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,005M. D. 0,05M.
8. Sc V lt CO
2
(ktc) vo 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1,5M d thy xut hin 59,1 gam kt ta trng. Tnh
V?
A. 6,72 lt. B. 3,36 lt.
C. 13,44 lt. D. 6,72 lt hoc 13,44 lt.
9. Loi mui no sau y khng b thu phn?
A. Mui to bi axit yu v baz yu.
B. Mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh.
C. Mui to bi axit mnh v baz yu.
D. Mui to bi axit mnh v baz mnh.
10. in phn nng chy 34 gam mt oxit kim loi thu c 10,8 gam kim loi catot v 6,72 lt kh anot.
Cng thc ca oxit trn l
A. Fe
2
O
3
. B. Al
2
O
3
. C. Na
2
O. D. CaO.
11. Mun m ng ln mt thanh st bng phng php in ha th phi tin hnh in phn vi in cc
g v dung dch g?
A. Cc m l ng, cc dng l st, dung dch mui st.
B. Cc m l ng, cc dng l st, dung dch mui ng.
C. Cc m l st, cc dng l ng, dung dch mui st.
D. Cc m l st, cc dng l ng, dung dch mui ng.
12. Cho oxit st t phn ng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d thu c
A. mui st (II).
B. mui st (III).
C. hn hp c mui st (II) v (III).
D. cht rn khng tan.
13. Tn gang xm l do
A. cha nhiu Fe
3
C, Si. B. cha nhiu FeO, Si.
C. cha nhiu C, Si. D. c mu xm.
14. in phn nng chy mui clorua ca mt kim loi kim, thu c 0,896 lt kh (ktc) anot v 3,12
gam kim loi catot. Cng thc ca mui in phn l
A. NaCl. B. LiCl. C. KCl. D. CsCl.
15. Mt hp kim Na-K tc dng ht vi nc c 2 lt kh (o 0
o
C, 1,12 atm) v dung dch D. Th tch
dung dch HCl 0,5M cn trung ho ht 1/2 dung dch D l
A. 200 ml. B. 100 ml. C. 400 ml. D. 1000 ml.
16. Cho Na vo cc dung dch BaCl
2
, CuSO
4
, NaHSO
4
, NH
3
, NaNO
3
. Quan st thy c chung mt hin
tng l

95
A. c kh bay ra. B. c kt ta xanh.
C. c kt ta trng. D. khng phn ng.
17. iu ch cc hiroxit Cu(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
3
, Al(OH)
3
ta cho dung dch mui ca chng tc dng vi:
A. dung dch NaOH va . B. dung dch NaOH d.
C. dung dch NH
3
d. D. C 3 p n trn u sai.
18. Phn ng no trong cc phn ng sau y khng l phn ng oxi ha kh?
A. 4HNO
3
+ Cu Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
B. NH
4
NO
2
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
C. 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3|
+ 3NH
4
Cl
D. N
2
+ 3H
2
= 2NH
3

19. Cho cn bng: N
2
+ 3H
2
= 2NH
3

Hng s cn bng ca phn ng trn l
A.
3
2 2
[NH ]
K
[N ][H ]
= . B.
2 2
3
[N ][H ]
K
[NH ]
= .
C.
2
3
3
2 2
[NH ]
K
[N ][H ]
= . D.
2
2 2
3
[N ][H ]
K
[NH ]
= .
20. Cho 1,3 gam mui clorua ca Fe (ha tr n) tc dng vi AgNO
3
d, thu c 3,444 gam bc clorua.
Cng thc ca mui st l
A. FeCl
3
. B. FeCl
2
, FeCl
3
.
C. FeCl
2
. D. khng xc nh c.
21. Ho tan hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp (Mg, Al) bng dung dch HCl d th thu c 8,96 lt kh hiro
(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c thu c hn hp mui khan c khi lng l
22. lm sch mt loi thu ngn c ln tp cht km, ch v thic ngi ta khuy loi thu ngn ny trong
dung dch
A. CuSO
4
. B. AgNO
3
. C. PbCl
2
. D. HgSO
4
.
23. Mt loi thu tinh c thnh phn phn trm v khi lng cc oxit: 75% SiO
2
, 13% Na
2
O v 12% CaO.
Cng thc ha hc ca loi thu tinh ny l
A. Na
2
O. CaO.4SiO
2
. B. Na
2
O.2CaO.5SiO
2
.
C. 2Na
2
O.CaO.6SiO
2
. D. Na
2
O.CaO.6SiO
2
.
24. C th dng ha cht no di y lm mm nc cng vnh cu?
A. H
2
SO
4
. B. Ca(OH)
2
. C. Na
2
CO
3
. D.CuSO
4
.
25. iu ch 1 tn clo bng cch in phn nng chy NaCl ngi ta phi dng ti thiu l 1,735 tn
NaCl. Vy hiu sut ca qu trnh l
A.59%. B. 85%. C. 90%. D. 95%.
26. Mt loi qung hematit c cha 60% st (III) oxit. Khi lng st ti a c th iu ch c t 1 tn
qung ny l
A. 4,6 tn. B. 0,42 tn. C. 0,7 tn. D. 1,16 tn.
27. Nc cng c nhng tc hi g?
VNMATHS.TK

96
A. Khi git bng x phng trong nc cng to ra mui khng tan gy lng ph x phng v si
vi nhanh mc nt.
B. Nu n bng nc cng s lu chn v gim mi v.
C. un nc cng trong ni hi sau to thnh mt lp cn mt trong ni hi.
D. C A, B v C.
28. Sc kh CO
2
v mt cc nc ct c nh vi git phenolphtalein th dung dch c mu g?
A. khng mu. B. mu tm. C. mu . D. mu xanh.
29. Loi phn m no sau y c gi l m hai l?
A. NaNO
3
. B. NH
4
NO
3
. C. (NH
2
)
2
CO. D. Ca(NO
3
)
2
.
30. loi tp cht HCl c ln trong kh Cl
2
ngi ta dng
A. dd NaOH. B. dd H
2
SO
4
.

C. H
2
O. D. dd Na
2
CO
3
.

31. Ch dng mt ha cht no sau y c th nhn bit c stiren, toluen, benzen?
A. O
2
. B. Br
2
/ Fe,t
o
. C. dd KMnO
4
. D. dd Br
2
.
32. Khi un nng m
1
gam cht hu c X vi H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc iu kin nhit thch hp thu c
m
2
gam cht hu c B. d
B/X
= 0,7. (Bit hiu sut ca phn ng l 100%). CTPT ca ru X l
A. CH
3
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. C
3
H
5
OH. D. C
3
H
7
OH.
33. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol axit hu c X thu c 3,36 lt CO
2
(o 0
o
C, 2atm) v 5,4 gam H
2
O. Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
4
O
2
. B. C
3
H
6
O
2
. C. C
2
H
2
O
4
. C
2
H
4
O
2
.
34. Cho 4 cht CH
3
COOH, C
2
H
5
OH, HCOOCH
3
, CH
3
COOCH
3
. Cht t tan trong nc nht l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. HCOOCH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH
3
.
35. trung ho 7,4 gam hn hp 2 axit hu c l ng ng ca axit fomic cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH
0,5M. Khi lng mui thu c khi c cn dung dch l
36. Chn cm t thch hp in vo ch trng:
Ngi ta khng git qun o la t tm bng x phng c kim cao l v ...?... lm mc qun o.
A. c phn ng axit-baz. B. c phn ng phn hy.
C. c phn ng thy phn. D. c phn ng trung ha.
37. C bao nhiu ng phn c tnh cht lng tnh ng vi cng thc phn t C
2
H
5
O
2
N? (khng k ng
phn cis-trans)
A. 1. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
38. Phn ng gia nhm COOH v nhm NH
2
to ra
A. lin kt ion. B. lin kt cho nhn.
C. lin kt peptit. D. A hoc C.
39. Thy phn 1 mol este X cn 2 mol KOH. Hn hp sn phm thu c gm glixerol, axit axetic v axit
propionic. C bao nhiu CTCT tha mn vi X?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 6. D. 12.
40. Phn ng gia CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
OH c axit sunfuric c lm xc tc c gi l phn ng
A. axit baz. B. este ha. C. hirat ha. D. thu phn.

97
41. Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z u l cht kh iu kin thng. Khi phn hu mi cht thnh cacbon v
hiro, th tch kh thu c u gp hai ln th tch ban u. Vy X, Y, Z
A. l ng ng ca nhau. B. l ng phn ca nhau.
C. u c 2 nguyn t C. D. u c 4 nguyn t hiro.
42. Trong phng th nghim, khi iu ch etilen bng cch un ru etylic vi axit sunfuric c nng
170
o
C th etilen thu c thng c ln SO
2
, ngi ta dn kh qua dung dch no thu c etilen tinh
khit?
A. Br
2
. B. KMnO
4
. C. NaOH. D. Na
2
CO
3
.
43. Sn phm chnh ca phn ng cng gia propen v HCl l
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
Cl. B. CH
2
=CClCH
3
.

C. CH
2
ClCH
2
CH
3
. D. CH
3
CHClCH
3
.
44. Kh nng phn ng th brom vo vng benzen ca cht no cao nht trong ba cht benzen, phenol v
axit benzoic?
A. benzen. B. phenol.
C. axit benzoic. D. c ba phn ng nh nhau.
45. Thc hin phn ng tch nc vi mt ancol c CTPT l C
4
H
10
O c mt xc tc H
2
SO
4
c 180
o
C hu
c 3 dng phn. CTCT ca ancol l
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3
. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. (CH
3
)
3
COH. D. khng c cng thc no tho mn.
46. Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v ancol no n chc A. Cho 7,6 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c
1,68 lt H
2
(ktc). Mt khc oxi ha hon ton 7,6 gam X bng CuO (t
o
) ri cho ton b sn phm thu
c tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
/ NH
3
d thu c 21,6 gam kt ta. CTPT ca A l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)OH. D. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)OHCH
3
.
47. Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1) CH
3
CHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O CH
3
COOH + 2HBr
(2) CH
3
CHO + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O CH
3
COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3

Trong hai phn ng trn CH
3
CHO ng vai tr l cht g?
A. Cht oxi ha . B. Cht kh.
C. Cht t oxi ha t kh. D. Tt c u sai.
48. T khi hi ca imetylamin so vi heli l
A. 11,25. B. 12,15. C. 15,12. D. 22,5.
49. Cao su buna-N c to ra t phn ng ng trng hp cc monome no sau y?
A. CH
2
=CH
2
, CH
2
=CHCH=CH
2
.
B. CH
2
=CHCN, CH
2
=CHCH=CH
2
.

C. CH
2
=CHC
6
H
5
, CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
.
D. CH
2
=CH
2
, CH
2
=CHCN.
50. Nhng giy qu tm vo dung dch o-aminopropanoic th giy qu tm
A. mt mu. B. khng i mu.
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98
C. chuyn thnh mu . D. chuyn thnh mu xanh.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

S 05
1. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
39
19
Kl 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1
. Vy nguyn t K c c im:
A. K thuc chu k 4, nhm I
A
. B. S ntron trong nhn K l 20.
C. L nguyn t m u chu k 4. D. C a,b,c u ng.
2. Hiroxit no mnh nht trong cc hiroxit Al(OH)
3
, NaOH, Mg(OH)
2
, Be(OH)
2
?
A. Al(OH)
3
. B. NaOH. C. Mg(OH)
2
. D. Be(OH)
2
.
3. Ion no sau y c cu hnh electron bn vng ging kh him?
A.
29
Cu
+
.

B.
26
Fe
2+
.

C.
20
Ca
2+
. D.
24
Cr
3+
.
4. Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht mang in v khng mang in l 34. Trong s ht mang in gp
1,833 ln s ht khng mang in. Nguyn t R l
A. Na. B. Mg. C. F. D. Ne.
5. C 4 k hiu
26
13
X,
26
12
Y,
27
13
Z ,
24
12
T. iu no sau y l sai:
A. X v Y l hai ng v ca nhau.

99
B. X v Z l hai ng v ca nhau.
C. Y v T l hai ng v ca nhau.
D. X v T u c s proton v s ntron bng nhau.
8
O,
16
S,
6
C,
7
N,
1
H. Bit rng tng s proton trong phn t kh XY
2
l 18. Kh
XY
2
l
A. SO
2
.

B. CO
2
.

C. NO
2
.

D. H
2
S.
7. Nguyn t
23
Z c cu hnh electron l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
1
. Z c
A. 11 ntron, 12 proton. B. 11 proton, 12 ntron.
C. 13 proton, 10 ntron. D. 11 proton, 12 electron.
8. Ha tan 1,3 gam kim loi A ho tr II vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
d, thu c 0,448 lt kh H
2
(27,3
o
C v 1,1
atm). Kim loi A l
A. Fe. B. Zn. C. Mg. D. Pb.
9. Cho bit ion no sau y l axit theo Bronsted
A. Cl
. B. HSO
4
. C. PO
4
3
. D. Mg
2+
.
10. in phn nng chy Al
2
O
3
vi cc in cc bng than ch, kh thot ra anot l
A. O
2
. B. CO. C. CO
2
. D. c B v C.
11. Cho cc cp oxi ho kh sau:
Fe
2+
/Fe ; Cu
2+
/Cu ; Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
; Ag
1+
/Ag ; Br
2
/2Br

Theo chiu t tri qua phi tnh oxi ho tng dn; tnh kh gim dn. Phn ng no sau y khng xy
ra?
A. Fe + 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
B. Cu + 2FeCl
3
2FeCl
2
+ CuCl
2

C. Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag
D. 2Ag + CuSO
4
Ag
2
SO
4
+ Cu
12. Cho bit hin tng xy ra v gii thch bng phng trnh ho hc khi sc t t kh CO
2
v dung dch
nc vi trong cho n d?
A. Khng c hin tng g.
B. Ban u xut hin kt ta trng, sau tan dn thu c dung dch trong sut.
C. Xut hin kt ta trng ri tan ngay.
D. Xut hin kt ta trng, kt ta ny khng tan.
13. Cho st d vo dung dch HNO
3
long thu c
A. dung dch mui st (II) v NO.
B. dung dch mui st (III) v NO.
C. dung dch mui st (III) v N
2
O.
D. dung dch mui st (II) v NO
2
.
14. iu ch st thc t ngi ta dng
A. in phn dung dch FeCl
2
.
B. phn ng nhit nhm.
C. kh oxit st bng CO nhit cao.
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100
D. Mg y st ra khi dung dch mui.
15. nhn bit cc cht bt : xoa, magie oxit, nhm oxit, ng (II) sunfat v st (III) sunfat, ch cn dng
nc v
A. dd NaOH. B. dd H
2
SO
4
. C. dd NH
3.
D. c A v C u ng.
16. Ngi ta nn kh CO
2
d vo dung dch c v ng phn t NaCl, NH
3
n bo ha iu ch
A. NaHCO
3
. B. Na
2
CO
3
. C. NH
4
HCO
3
. D. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
17. Ngi ta khng thng dng phng php no sau y iu ch kim loi?
A. Phng php nhit luyn. B. Phng php thy luyn.
C. Phng php in phn. D. Phng php nhit phn mui.
18. m gam kim loi kim X trong khng kh thu c 6,2 gam oxt. Ha tan ton b lng oxit trong
nc c dung dch Y. trung ha dung dch Y cn va 100 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M. Kim loi X
l
A. Li. B. Na. C. K. C. Cs.
19. Thm 100 cm
3
dung dch NaOH 7 M vo 100 cm
3
dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
1M. Nng mol/l ca cc ion
thu c trong dung dch sau phn ng l
A. [Na
+
] = 3,5M, [SO
4
2
] = 1,5M, [AlO
2
] = 0,5M.
B. [Na
+
] = 0,5M, [SO
4
2
] = 0,3M.
C. [Na
+
] = 0,7M, [SO
4
2
] = 1,5M, [Al
3+
] = 0,1M.
D. [Na
+
] = 3,5M, [SO
4
2
] = 0,3M, [AlO
2
] = 0,5M.
20. Trong cng nghip hin i ngi ta iu ch Al bng cch no?
A. in phn nng chy.
B. in phn mui AlCl
3
nng chy.
C. Dng Na kh AlCl
3
nng chy.
D. Nhit phn Al
2
O
3
.
21. Nung hn hp A gm bt Al v Fe
2
O
3
trong iu kin khng c khng kh, thu c hn hp B. Ha tan
B trong HCl d thu c H
2
. Trong B gm
A. Al
2
O
3
, Fe. B. Al
2
O
3
, Fe, Al .
C. Al
2
O
3
, Fe, Fe
2
O
3
. D. C A, B, C u ng.
22. Mui nitrat th hin tnh oxi ho trong mi trng
A. axit. B. baz. C. trung tnh. D. A v B.
23. Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp gm hai kim loi Fe v Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
c nng th thu c 22,4
lt kh mu nu. Nu thay axit HNO
3
bng axit H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu c bao nhiu lt kh SO
2
(cc kh
u c o ktc)?
A. 22,4 lt. B. 11,2 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. kt qu khc.
24. Nhit phn mui KNO
3
th thu c
A. kh NO
2
. B. kh O
2
.
C. hn hp kh NO
2
v O
2
. D. hn hp kh NO v O
2
.
25. Cho hai phn ng:
(1) 2P + 5Cl
2
2PCl
5

(2) 6P + 5KClO
3
3P
2
O
5
+ 5KCl

101
Trong hai phn ng trn, P ng vai tr l
A. cht oxi ho. B. cht kh.
C. t oxi ho kh. D. cht oxi ha (1), cht kh (2).
26. xc nh hm lng C trong mt mu gang ngi ta nung 10 gam mu gang trong O
2
thy to ra
0,672 lt CO
2
(ktc). Phn trm C trong mu gang l
A. 3,6%. B. 0,36%. C. 0,48%. D. 4%.
27. R l nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VI. Trong hp cht vi H n chim 94,12% v khi lng.
Nguyn t R l
A. O. B. S. D. N. D. Cl.
28. iu ch c c 3 kim loi Na, Ca, Al ngi ta dng phng php no sau y?
A. Nhit luyn. B. Thy luyn.
C. in phn dung dch. D. in phn nng chy.
29. Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch AlCl
3
, un nng nh, thy
A. c kt ta trng. B. c kh bay ra.
C. khng c hin tng g. D. c A v B.
30. nhn bit kh H
2
S, ngi ta dng
A. giy qu tm m. B. giy tm dung dch CuSO
4
.
C. giy tm dung dch Pb(NO
3
)
2
. D. c A, B, C u ng.
31. Axit e-amino enantoic c
A. 5 nguyn t cacbon. B. 6 nguyn t cacbon.
C. 7 nguyn t cacbon. D. 8 nguyn t cacbon.
32. Protit t nhin l chui poli peptit c to thnh t cc
A. o-amino axit. B.|-amino axit.
C. -amino axit. D. o-amino axit.
33. Nilon-6,6 c to thnh t phn ng trng ngng gia
A. axit aipic v hexametylen iamin.
B. axit axetic v hexametylen iamin.
C. axit aipic v anilin.
D. axit axetic v glixin.
34. Dy cht no sau y phn ng c vi axit axetic?
A. Cl
2
, CaO, MgCO
3
, Na. B. Cu, Zn(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. CaCO
3
, Mg, CO
2
, NaOH. D. NaOH. C
2
H
5
OH, HCl, Na.
35. Phn ng gia axit fomic vi Ag
2
O trong dung dch NH
3
l
A. phn ng trng gng. B. phn ng oxi ho kh.
C. phn ng axit baz. D. C A v B.
36. phn bit cc axit: fomic, axetic, acrylic ngi ta c th dng ln lt cc thuc th
A. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch AgNO
3
.
B. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
, dung dch Br
2
.
C. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
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102
D. dung dch Br
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
.
37. t chy mt axit n chc mch h X thu c CO
2
v H
2
O theo t l khi lng l 88 : 27. Ly mui
natri ca X nung vi vi ti xt th c mt hirocacbon th kh. CTCT ca X l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. CH
2
=CHCOOH. D. CH
2
=CHCH
2
COOH.
38. t chy hon ton 1 lt propan, th th tch CO
2
sinh ra cng iu kin l
A. 5 lt. B. 3 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 0,1339 lt.
39. t chy han ton mt este X to ra CO
2
v H
2
O vi s mol nh nhau. X l
A. este n chc. B. este no a chc.
C. este no n chc. D. este khng no mt n i n chc.
40. T l th tch gia CH
4
v O
2
l bao nhiu thu c hn hp n mnh nht?
A. 1:1. B. 1:2. C. 2:1. D. 1:3.
41. Mt hn hp gm hai hirocacbon khi chy to ra s mol CO
2
v H
2
O nh nhau. Hai hirocacbon thuc
dy ng ng no?
A. Ankan v ankaien. B. Ankan v ankin.
C. Anken v anken. D. C A,B, C u ng.
42. Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
5
Cl
3
. Thy phn hon ton X thu c cht Y. Y tc dng c
vi Na gii phng H
2
v c phn ng trng gng. X c cng thc cu to l
A.
2 2
3 2 3
CH Cl CHCl CH Cl
CH CH CCl

B.
3 2
3 2 2
CH CHCl CHCl
CH CCl CH Cl

C.
3 2
2 2 2
CH CHCl CHCl
CHCl CH CH Cl

D.
2 2 2
2 2
CH Cl CH CHCl
CH Cl CHCl CH Cl

43. C
8
H
10
O c bao nhiu ng phn cha vng benzen. Bit rng cc ng phn ny u tc dng c vi
Na nhng khng tc dng c vi NaOH?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 8. D. 10.
44. Mt axit cacboxylic no mch h c cng thc thc nghim dng (C
2
H
4
O)
n
. Tm gi tr ca n?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
45. Cch no sau y khng nhn bit c protit?
A. Cho tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
/NaOH.
B. Cho tc dng vi HNO
3
.
C. Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH.
D. un nng.
46. Fructoz khng phn ng vi cht no sau y?
A. CH
3
COOH/H
2
SO
4
c.
B. dd AgNO
3
trong mi trng axit.
C. H
2
(Ni/ t
o
).
D. Cu(OH)
2
.
47. Ru d tan trong nc l v
A. gia cc phn t ru tn ti lin kt hiro lin phn t.

103
B. gia ru v nc c lin kt hiro.
C. ru c tnh axit yu.
D. khi lng ring ca ru v nc xp x nhau.
48. 3,8 gam mt iol tc dng vi K (d) gii phng 0,56 lt H
2
(0
o
C, 2 atm). Cng thc phn t ca ru l
A. C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
B. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
.

C. C
4
H
8
(OH)
2
. D. C
3
H
8
(OH)
2
.
49. Gi tn hp cht sau:
C H
3
CH
2
CH CHO
C H CH
3
CH
3

A. 2-isopropylbutanal. B. 2-etyl-3-metylbutanal.
C. 2-etyl-3-metylbutan. D. 2-etyl-3-metylbutanol.
50. Loi t no di y l t tng hp?
A. T tm. B. T visco. C. T axetat. D. nilon-6.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

S 06
1. Nguyn t cc nguyn t trong mt phn nhm chnh ca bng HTTH c cng
A. s ntron. B. s lp electron.
C. S proton. D. S e lp ngoi cng.
VNMATHS.TK

104
2. Trong nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 18 electron. S th t chu k v nhm ca R ln lt l
A. 4 v VIII
B
.

B. 3 v VIII
A
. C. 3 v VIII
B
.

D. 4 v II
A
.
3. Ion
52 3
24
Cr
+
c bao nhiu electron?
A. 21. B. 24. C. 27. D. 52.
4. Cc electron thuc cc lp K, M, N, L trong nguyn t khc nhau v
A. khong cch t electron n ht nhn.
B. nng lng ca electron.
C. bn lin kt vi ht nhn.
D. tt c iu trn u ng.
5. Trng hp no sau y dn c in?
A. Nc ct. B. NaOH rn, khan.
C. Ru etylic. D. Nc bin.
6. Chn pht biu sai?
A. Gi tr K
a
ca mt axit ph thuc vo nhit .
B. Gi tr K
a
ca mt axit ph thuc vo bn cht ca axit .
C. Gi tr K
a
ca mt axit ph thuc vo nng .
D. Gi tr K
a
ca mt axit cng ln th lc axit cng mnh.
7. Cho bit ion no sau y l axit theo Bronsted?
A. HS
. B. NH
4
+
. C. Na
+
. D. CO
3
2
.
8. Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH rn pha ch c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12?
A. 0,4 gam. B. 0,2 gam. C. 0,1 gam. D. 2 gam.
9. Cho phng trnh phn ng:
CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2

Phng trnh ion rt gn ca phng trnh trn l
A. CO
3
2
+ H
+
H
2
O + CO
2

B. CO
3
2
+ 2H
+
H
2
O + CO
2

C. CaCO
3
+ 2H
+
+ 2Cl
CaCl
2
+ H
2
O + CO
2

D. CaCO
3
+ 2H
+
Ca
2+
+ H
2
O + CO
2

10. Nng ion H
+
thay i nh th no th gi tr pH tng 1 n v?
A Tng ln 1 mol/l. B. Gim i 1 mol/l.
C. Tng ln 10 ln. D. Gim i 10 ln.
11. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm Fe v Fe
3
O
4
bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc). Nu
thay dung dch HNO
3
bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu c kh g, th tch l bao nhiu?
A. H
2
, 3,36 lt. B. SO
2
, 2,24 lt. C. SO
2
, 3,36 lt. D. H
2
, 4,48 lt.
12. Cho cc hp cht: NH
4
+
, NO
2
, N
2
O, NO
3
, N
2
. Th t gim dn s oxi ha ca N l
A. N
2
> NO
3
> NO
2
> N
2
O > NH
4
+
.
B. NO
3
> N
2
O > NO
2
> N
2
> NH
4
+
.
C. NO
3
> NO
2
> N
2
O > N
2
> NH
4
+
.

105

D. NO
3
> NO
2
> NH
4
+
> N
2
> N
2
O.
13. iu kin thng photpho hot ng mnh hn nit v
A. nguyn t P c in tch ht nhn ln hn nguyn t N.
B. nguyn t P c obitan 3d cn trng cn nguyn t N khng c.
C. nguyn t P c m in nh hn nguyn t N.
D. phn t photpho km bn hn phn t nit.
14. Dy cht no sau y phn ng c vi dung dch axit nitric?
A. Fe
2
O
3
, Cu, Pb, P. B. H
2
S, C, BaSO
4
, ZnO.
C. Au, Mg, FeS
2
, CO
2
. D. CaCO
3
, Al, Na
2
SO
4
, Fe(OH)
2
.
15. Lin kt kim loi l loi lin kt sinh ra do
A. lc ht tnh in gia cc ion dng v cc ion m.
B. dng chung cp electron.
C. cc electron t do gn cc ion dng kim loi li vi nhau.
D. do nhng electron t nguyn t ny cho nguyn t khc
16. in phn dung dch CuCl
2
bng in cc than ch, t mnh giy qu tm m cc dng. Mu ca
giy qu
A. chuyn sang .
B. chuyn sang xanh.
C. chuyn sang sau mt mu.
D. khng i.
17. Trong 3 dung dch c cc loi ion sau: Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, Na
+
, SO
4
2
, CO
3
2
, NO
3
. Mi dung dch ch cha

mt loi anion v mt loi cation. Cho bit l 3 dung dch no?
A. BaSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
. B. Ba(NO
3
)
2
, MgSO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Ba(NO
3
)
2
, MgCO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
. D. BaCO
3
, MgSO
4
, NaNO
3
.
18. t chy st trong khng kh d nhit cao thu c
A. Fe
2
O
3
. B. Fe
3
O
4
.

C. FeO. D. FeO
4
.
19. sn xut gang trong l cao ngi ta un qung hmatit (cha Fe
2
O
3
) vi than cc. Cc phn ng xy
ra theo th t
A. Fe
2
O
3

CO
Fe
3
O
4

CO
FeO
CO
Fe
C
Fe
3
C.
B. Fe
3
O
4

CO
Fe
2
O
3

CO
FeO
CO
Fe
C
Fe
3
C.
C. Fe
2
O
3

CO
FeO
CO
Fe
3
O
4

CO
Fe
C
Fe
3
C.
D. FeO
CO
Fe
2
O
3

CO
Fe
3
O
4

CO
Fe
C
Fe
3
C.
20. nhn ra cc dung dch: natriclorua, magieclorua, st (II) clorua, st (III) clorua, ch cn dng
A. Al. B. Mg. C. Cu. D. Na.
21. Kh hon ton 31,9 gam hn hp Fe
2
O
3
v FeO bng H
2
nhit cao, to thnh 9 gam H
2
O. Khi
lng st iu ch c t hn hp trn l
22. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta iu ch H
2
S bng cch cho FeS tc dng vi
A. dd HCl. B. dd H
2
SO
4

.nng
.
VNMATHS.TK

106

C. dd HNO
3
. D. nc ct.
23. Lu hunh trong cht no trong s cc hp cht sau: H
2
S, SO
2
, SO
3
, H
2
SO
4
va c tnh oxi ha va c
tnh kh?
A. H
2
S. B. SO
2
. C. SO
3
. D. H
2
SO
4
.
24. Dy cht no sau y c phn ng oxi ha kh vi dung dch axit sunfuric c nng?
A. Au, C, HI, Fe
2
O
3
. B. MgCO
3
, Fe, Cu, Al
2
O
3
.
C. SO
2
, P
2
O
5
, Zn, NaOH. D. Mg, S, FeO, HBr.
25. Cho phn ng:
KMnO
4
+ FeSO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ MnSO
4
+ H
2
O
H s ca cht oxi ha v cht kh trong phn ng trn ln lt l
A. 5 v 2. B. 1 v 5. C. 2 v 10. D. 5 v 1.
26. Mui sunfua no di y c th iu ch c bng H
2
S vi mui ca kim loi tng ng?
A. Na
2
S. B. ZnS. C. FeS. D. PbS.
27. Cht no di y khng phn ng c vi dung dch KI?
A. O
2
. B. KMnO
4
. C. H
2
O
2
. D. O
3
.
28. NaBrO
3
c tn gi l g?
A. natrihipobromit. B. natribromua.
C. natribromit. D. natribromat.
29. Cho 1,3 gam st clorua tc dng vi bc nitrat d thu c 3,444 gam kt ta. Ha tr ca st trong mui
st clorua trn l
A. I. B. II. C. III. D. IV.
30. Chn mt thuc th di y nhn bit c cc dung dch sau: HCl, KI, ZnBr
2
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
A. dung dch AgNO
3
. B. dung dch NaOH.
C. giy qu tm. C. dung dch NH
3
.
31. Cho mt a gam nhm tc dng vi b gam Fe
2
O
3
thu c hn hp A. Ha tan A trong HNO
3
d, thu
c 2,24 lt (ktc) mt kh khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh. Khi lng nhm dng l
32. t chy ht a mol mt amino axit c 2a mol CO
2
v a/2 mol N
2
. Amino axit trn c cng thc cu
to l
A. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. B. H
2
N[CH
2
]
2
COOH.
C. H
2
N[CH
2
]
3
COOH. D. H
2
NCH[COOH]
2
.
33. nhn bit protit ngi ta cho vo dung dch vi git HNO
3
, un nng thu c hp cht c mu
A. vng. B. . C. tm xanh. D. khng r rt.
34. Cng thc tng qut ca axit no n chc l
A. C
n
H
2n
COOH. B. C
n
H
2n
O
2
.
C. C
n+1
H
2n
O
2
. D. C
n
H
2n+2
O
2
.
35. S nguyn t C trong phn t plexiglat l
A. 6n. B. 4n. C. 3n. D. 5n.

107
36. Cho 1 mol CH
3
COOH v 1 mol C
2
H
5
OH vo mt bnh phn ng c axit sunfuric c lm xc tc, sau
khi phn ng xy hon ton thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l
A. 46 gam. B. 60 gam. C. 88 gam. D. 60 gam < m < 88 gam.
37. Mt hp cht X c CTPT: C
3
H
6
O
2
. X khng tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng gng. Cu to ca X
l
A. CH
3
CH
2
COOH. B. HOCH
2
CH
2
CHO.
C. CH
3
COOCH
3
. D. HCOOCH
2
CH
3
.
38. C4H8O c bao nhiu ng phn ancol?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
39. Chn nh ngha ng v ru?
A. Ru l hp cht hu c trong phn t c cha nhm OH.
B. Ru l hp cht hu c c nhm OH lin kt vi cacbon thm.
C. Ru l hp cht hu c cha nhm OH lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon no.
D. Ru l hp cht hu c cha nhm OH lin kt vi cacbon bc 1.
40. Dng nhng ha cht no sau y c th nhn bit c 4 cht lng khng mu l glixerin, ru etylic,
glucoz, anilin?
A. dung dch Br
2
v Cu(OH)
2
. B. AgNO
3
/NH
3
v Cu(OH)
2
.
C. Na v dung dch Br
2
. D. Na v AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
41. Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc?
CH
3
CCH (I). CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
(II) (CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
CH
3
(III)
CH
3
CBrCHCH
3
(IV) CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
(V) CHCl=CH
2
(VI)
A. (II). B. (II) v (VI).
C. (II) v (IV). D. (II), (III), (IV) v (V).
42. CTPT ca ankan c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 2 l
A. C
3
H
8
. B. C
4
H
10
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
5
H
12
.
43. Dn 5,6 lt kh (ktc) hn hp hai olefin qua bnh cha brom d thy khi lng bnh tng 11,9 gam. S
nguyn t C trung bnh ca hai olefin l
A. 4, 3. B. 3, 4. C. 3, 5. D. 3, 2.
44. t chy mt s mol nh nhau ca 3 hirocacbon K, L, M ta thu c lng CO
2
nh nhau v t l s
mol H
2
O v CO
2
i vi K, L, M tng ng bng 0,5 : 1 : 1,5. CTPT ca K, L, M ln lt l
A. C
3
H
8
, C
3
H
4
, C
2
H
4
.

B. C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
6
.
C. C
12
H
12
, C
3
H
6
, C
2
H
6
.

D. C. C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
.
45. Sp xp cc cht sau theo th t tng dn lc baz: NaOH, NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2

A. C
6
H
5
NH
2
< NH
3
< CH
3
NH
2
< NaOH.
B. NH
3
< C
6
H
5
NH
2
< CH
3
NH
2
< NaOH.
C. CH
3
NH
2
< C
6
H
5
NH
2
< NH
3
< NaOH.
D. NaOH < C
6
H
5
NH
2
< NH
3
< CH
3
NH
2
.
46. Thy phn dn xut halogen no sau y s thu c ancol
A. CH
3
CH
2
Cl. B. CH
3
CH=CHCl.
VNMATHS.TK

108
C. C
6
H
5
CH
2
Cl. D. A v C.
47. Thc hin phn ng trng gng mt anehit n chc (tr HCHO) th t l mol
Ag
n :n
anehit
l
A. 1:2. B. 1:4. C. 2n:1. D. 1:2n.
48. Cho s phn ng sau:
CH
3
X
Br
2
/as
Y
Br
2
/Fe, t
o
Z
dd NaOH
T
NaOH n/c, t
o
, p

X, Y, Z, T c cng thc ln lt l
A. p-CH
3
-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
2
Br-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
2
OH-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
2
OH-C
6
H
4
OH
B. p-CH
2
Br-C
6
H
5
, p-CH
2
Br-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
2
OH-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
2
OH-C
6
H
4
OH
C. p-CH
2
Br-C
6
H
5
, p-CH
2
Br-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
3
-C
6
H
4
OH, p-CH
2
OH-C
6
H
4
OH
D. p-CH
3
-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
2
Br-C
6
H
4
Br, p-CH
2
Br-C
6
H
4
OH, p-CH
2
OH-C
6
H
4
OH
49. Alanin (axit o-amino propionic) l mt
A. cht lng tnh. B. baz.
C. cht trung tnh. D. axit.
50. Trng hp iso-pren thu c my loi polime?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

109

S 07
1. Nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c electron cui cng xp vo phn lp p gi l
A. nguyn t s. B. nguyn t p. C. nguyn t d. D. nguyn t f.
2. Pht biu no sau y cha chnh xc. Trong 1 chu k
A. i t tri sang phi cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn.
B. i t tri sang phi cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu khi lng nguyn t tng dn.
C. cc nguyn t u c cng s lp electron.
D. i t tri sang phi bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
3. Bit tng s ht proton, ntron v electron trong 1 nguyn t Y l 155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 33. S ht proton v s khi ca Y l
A. 61 v 108. B. 47 v 108. C. 45 v 137. D. 47 v 94.
8
O,
6
C,
14
Si. Bit rng tng s electron trong anion XY
3
2
l 32. Vy anion
XY
3
2
l
A. CO
3
2
.

B. SO
3
2
. C. SiO
3
2
.

D. mt anion khc.
5. Nh t t dung dch NH
3
cho n d vo dung dch Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
th c hin tng g xy ra?
A. Xut hin kt ta keo trng, sau tan dn trong cui cng thu c dung dch trong sut khng
mu.
B. Xut hin kt ta mu nu .
C. Xut hin kt ta keo mu trng, khng tan.
D. Khng c hin tng g.
6. trung ha hon ton 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,1M cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 0,2M?
A. 300 ml. B. 150 ml. C. 600 ml. D. 200 ml.
7. Dung dch mui no c mi trng trung tnh?
A. AlCl
3
. B. Na
2
CO
3
. C. K
2
SO
4
. D. C A, B v C.
8. Khng nh no sau y khng ng?
A. Dung dch natri axetat c mi trng baz.
B. Dung dch mui n c mi trng trung tnh.
C. Dung dch natri sunfua c mi trng trung tnh.
D. Dung dch natri hirosunfat c mi trng axit.
9. Trn 250 ml dung dch KOH 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,005M. pH ca dung dch thu c
l
A. 12. B. 13. C. 2. D. 4.
10. Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch nit t
A. NH
4
NO
3
. B. khng kh.
C. HNO
3
. D. hn hp NH
4
Cl v NaNO
2
.
11. Cho cn bng: NH
3
+ H
2
O = NH
4
+
+ OH

cn bng trn chuyn dch sang phi ngi ta lm cch no sau y:
VNMATHS.TK

110
A. Cho thm vi git dung dch phenolphtalein.
B. Cho thm vi git dung dch HCl.
C. Cho thm vi git dung dch NaOH.
D. Cho thm vi git dung dch NH
4
Cl.
12. Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Tt c dung dch ca mui amoni u c mi trng axit.
B. Mui amoni d b nhit phn.
C. C th nhn bit ion amoni bng dung dch kim.
D. Tt c cc mui amoni tan trong nc v in li hon ton.
13. C 6 l mt nhn cha 6 dung dch sau: NH
4
Cl, NaNO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, CuSO
4
, MgCl
2
, ZnCl
2
. Ch dng
ha cht no sau y c th nhn ra c 6 cht trn?
A. Qu tm. B. dd NaOH. C. dd Ba(OH)
2
. D. NH
3
.
14. Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu
c 10 lt kh CO
2
( 54,6
o
C, 0,8064 atm) v dung dch X. Tng s mol hai mui ban u l
15. in phn mt dung dch c cha HCl, CuCl
2
. pH ca dung dch bin i nh th no theo thi gian in
phn?
A. Tng dn n pH = 7 ri khng i.
B. Gim dn.
C. Tng dn n pH > 7 ri khng i.
D. pH khng i, lun nh hn 7.
16. Cho s : A z B z C z D
Cc cht tho mn theo s trn l
A. Na z NaCl z NaOH z Na
2
CO
3
.
B. NaOH z Na z Na
2
CO
3
z NaHCO
3
.
C. NaHCO
3
z NaCl z NaOH z Na
2
CO
3
.
D. Na
2
CO
3
z NaHCO
3
z NaCl z NaOH.
17. Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 (dung dch A). Thm 0,5885 gam NH
4
Cl vo 100 ml dung dch A, un
si, ngui, thm mt t ru qu tm vo. Dung dch c
A. mu xanh. B. mu .
C. khng mu. D. xanh sau mt mu.
18. A l mt kim loi. Thc hin cc phn ng theo th t
(A) + O
2
(B)
(B) + H
2
SO
4 long
(C) + (D) + (E)
(C) + NaOH (F)
|
+ (G)
(D) + NaOH (H)
|
+ (G)
(F) + O
2
+ H
2
O (H)
Kim loi A l

111
A. Zn. B. Al. C. Mg. D. Fe.
19. Ha tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp Fe v Fe
x
O
y
trong HCl d, thu c 2,24 lt H
2
ktc. Nu em hn
hp trn phn ng vi H
2
d th thu c 0,2 gam H
2
O. Cng thc ca Fe
x
O
y
l
A. FeO.

B. Fe
2
O
3
. C. Fe
3
O
4
. D. khng xc nh c.
20. Cho hn hp Na v Al vo nc (d), n khi phn ng ngng li thu c 4,48 lt kh v 2,7gam mt
cht rn khng tan. Khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp u ln lt l
A. 2,3 gam v 5,4 gam. B. 4,6 gam v 5,4 gam.
C. 3,45 gam v 5,4 gam. D. 2,3 gam v 2,7 gam.
21. Oxit baz no sau y c dng lm cht ht m trong phng th nghim?
A. Fe
2
O
3
. B. ZnO. C. CaO. D. CuO.
22. Trong cc hp cht ca st sau y: FeS, FeS
2
, Fe
2
O
3
, FeO, cht no c hm lng st ln nht?
A. FeS. B. FeS
2
. C. Fe
2
O
3
. D. FeO.
23. Ly cng s mol KMnO
4
v MnO
2
ln lt cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl c d th cht no phn
ng to ra lng clo nhiu hn?
A. MnO
2
. B. KMnO
4
.
C. Nh nhau. D. Khng xc nh c.
24. Ch dng thuc th no sau y c th nhn bit c c 3 kh Cl
2
, HCl v O
2
?
A. Giy tm dung dch phenolphtalein. B. Tn m hng.
C. Giy qu tm kh. D. Giy qu tm m.
25. Dng ha cht no sau y phn bit 2 kh CO
2
v SO
2
?
A. Dung dch Ca(OH)
2
. B. Qu tm m.
C. Dung dch Br
2
26. Ha cht no di y khng c th dng lm kh kh Cl
2
?
A. CaCl
2
. B. P
2
O
5
. C. H
2
SO
4
. D. CaO.
27. Trong phng th nghim ngi ta thu kh nit bng phng php di nc v
A. N
2
nh hn khng kh.
B. N
2
rt t tan trong nc.
C. N
2
khng duy tr s sng, s chy.
D. N
2
ha lng, ha rn nhit rt thp.
28. 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c th hp th ti a bao nhiu lt kh CO
2
(ktc)?
A. 0,336 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 2,24 lt.
29. Oxi ha hon ton 0,728 gam bt Fe ta thu c 1,016 gam hn hp hai oxit st (hn hp A). Ha tan
hn hp A bng dung dch axit nitric long d. Tnh th tch kh NO duy nht bay ra ( ktc).
A. 2,24 lt. B. 0,0224 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 0,336 lt.
30. Oxit SiO
2
c th phn ng vi cht no sau y?
A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng.
C. NaOH nng chy. D. nc ct.
VNMATHS.TK

112
31. Khi lng axit axetic c trong dm n thu c khi cho ln men 1 lt ru etylic 8
o
(d ca ru nguyn
cht 0,8g/ml), hiu sut 80% l
A. 66,78 gam. B. 13,04 gam. C. 1,3 gam. D. kt qu khc.
32. trung ha 6,42 gam 2 axit hu c n chc l ng ng k tip ca nhau cn dng 50 ml dung dch
NaOH 2M. Cng thc ca 2 axit l
A. CH
3
COOH v HCOOH. B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
3
COOH.
C. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH. D. C
2
H
3
COOH v C
3
H
5
COOH.
33. Axit no X mch h c cng thc n gin nht C
3
H
4
O
3
. CTPT ca X l
A. C
6
H
8
O
6
. B. C
3
H
4
O
3
. C. C
4
H
6
O
4
. D. C
3
H
4
O
4
.
34. S ng phn cu to aminoaxit bc 1 c cng thc phn t C
4
H
9
O
2
N l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 7.
35. Cho hp cht sau: CHCCH
2
CH
2
CH=O. Hp cht ny c
A. 5 lin kt o v 3 lin kt t. B. 11 lin kt o v 3 lin kt t.
C. 12 lin kt o v 2 lin kt t. D. 11 lin kt o v 2 lin kt t.
36. C bao nhiu ng phn cu to ng vi CTPT C
4
H
8
?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
37. Hp cht hu c X c thnh phn phn trm cc nguyn t l 40%C, 6,67%H cn li l oxi. Cng thc
n gin nht ca X l
A. C
2
H
4
O. B. C
2
H
4
O
2
. C. CH
2
. D. CH
2
O.
38. T isopentan c th to thnh bao nhiu gc ankyl?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
39. t chy 1 lt ankan X sinh ra 5 lt kh CO
2
. Khi cho X phn ng vi clo to ra 3 sn phm mt ln th.
X c tn gi nh sau l
A. neopentan. B. n-pentan. C. isopentan. D. n-butan.
40. Trong phng th nghim etilen c iu ch bng cch no sau y?
A. Crackinh butan. B. Tch nc t etanol.
C. Tch HCl t etylclorua. D. Tch hiro t etan.
41. Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp X nung nng.
Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi
so vi H
2
l 20,4. Tnh gi tr m.
42. t chy hon ton 1 ru X thu c CO
2
v hi nc theo t l mol l 3:4. Hi X thuc loi ru no?
A. Ru n chc. B. Ru a chc.
C. Ru no. D. Ru khng no c 1 ni i.
43. Cho 5,8 gam mt anehit n chc tc dng vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
thu c 21,6 gam Ag kim loi. Anehit
c cng thc l
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO. C. C
2
H
3
CHO. D. C
2
H
5
CHO.
44. X c CTPT C
3
H
6
O v c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Hy cho bit cng thc cu to ca X?

113
A. CH
2
=CHOCH
3
. B. CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
CH
2
CHO. D. A, B v C
45. Thu phn hon ton 1 mol este sinh ra 3 mol axit v 1 mol ru. Este c cng thc dng:
A. R(COOR')
3
. B. RCOOR'. C. R(COO)
3
R'. D. (RCOO)
3
R'.
46. Nhm cht no sau y ha tan c vi Cu(OH)
2
?
A. C
2
H
5
COOH, HOCH
2
CH
2
OH, HOCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH.
B. HOCH
2
CHOHCH
3
, CH
3
OCH
2
CH
2
OH, HOCH
2
CHOHCH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
COOH, HCOOCH
3
, HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
D. CH
3
OCHOHCH
2
OH, CH
3
COOH, HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
47. Alanin (axit o- amino propionic) phn ng va vi HCl. Trong sn phm thu c tn ti lin kt
A. cng ha tr. B. ion.
C. cho nhn (phi tr). D. c A v B.
48. Dung dch ru etylic trong nc tn ti my kiu lin kt hiro?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
49. PVA c to ra bng phn ng trng hp monome no di y?
A. CH
2
=CHCOOH. B. CH
2
=CHCOOCH
3
.
C. CH
2
=CHCl . D. CH
3
COOCH=CH
2
.
50. Cho 1 dung dch cha 6,75 gam mt amin no n chc bc (I) tc dng vi dung dch AlCl
3
d thu c
3,9 gam kt ta. Amin c cng thc l
A. CH
3
NH
2
. B. (CH
3
)
2
NH. C. C
2
H
5
NH
2
. D. C
3
H
7
NH
2
.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)
VNMATHS.TK

114

S 08
1. Ion X
2+
c cu hnh electron l 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng HTTH?
A. Chu k 2, nhm VIII
A
. B. Chu k 3, nhm II
A
.
C. Chu k 4, nhm I
A
. D. Chu k 2, nhm II
A
.
2. T hai ng v ca cacbon l
12
C,
14
C v 3 ng v ca oxi l
16
O,
17
O,
18
O c th to ra c bao nhiu
phn t kh cacbonic khc nhau?
A. 6. B. 12. C. 18. D. 9.
3. Trong mt phn nhm chnh ca bng tun hon, i t trn xung di th iu khng nh no sau y
l ng?
A. S in tch ht nhn gim dn.
B. m in tng dn.
C. Bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
D. Tnh kim loi gim dn.
4. Trong phng th nghim HNO
3
c iu ch theo phn ng sau:
NaNO
3 (rn)
+ H
2
SO
4 c
HNO
3
+ NaHSO
4

Phn ng trn xy ra l v
A. axit H
2
SO
4
c tnh axit mnh hn HNO
3
.

B. HNO
3
d bay hi hn.
C. H
2
SO
4
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn HNO
3
.
D. mt nguyn nhn khc.
5. Hp cht no ca N khng c to ra khi cho axit HNO
3
tc dng vi kim loi?
A. NO. B. N
2
. C. N
2
O
5
. D. NH
4
NO
3
.
6. Trung ho 50 ml dung dch NH
3
th cn 25 ml dung dch HCl 2M. trung ho cng lng dung dch
NH
3
cn bao nhiu lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M?
A. 25 ml. B. 50 ml. C. 12,5 ml. D. 2,5 ml.
7. C th s dng cht no sau y nhn bit kh N
2
c cha tp cht H
2
S?
A. NaOH. B. PbSO
4
. C. NH
3
. D. Cu.
8. Sc 1,12 lt CO
2
vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. dung dch thu c c pH bng bao nhiu?
A. pH < 7. B. pH > 7. C. pH = 7. D. pH = 14.
9. Dy cht no sau y l lng tnh?

115
A. ZnO, Al
2
O
3
, FeO, Pb(OH)
2
.
B. Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
, Cu(OH)
2
, Sn(OH)
2
.
C. HSO
4
, NH
4
+
, HS
, Zn(OH)
2
.
D. HCO
3
, H
2
O, Zn(OH)
2
, Al
2
O
3
.
10. Biu thc K
b
ca CH
3
COO
l
A.
3
3 2
[CH COOH][OH ]
[CH COO ][H O]
B.
3
3
[CH COO ]
[CH COO ][OH ]

C.
3
3
[CH COOH][OH ]
[CH COO ]
D.
3
[CH COOH][OH ]

11. Mt dung dch c cha 4 ion vi thnh phn: 0,01 mol Na
+
, 0,02 mol Mg
2+
, 0,015 mol SO
4
2
, x mol Cl
.
Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,015. B. 0,035. C. 0,02. D. 0,01.
12. Dy cht no di y u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH?
A. Na
2
CO
3
, CuSO
4
, HCl. B. MgCl
2
, SO
2
, NaHCO
3
.
C. Al
2
O
3
, H
2
SO
4
, KOH. D. CO
2
, NaCl, Cl
2
.
13. Dy kim loi no sau y iu ch c bng phng php thu luyn?
A. Cu, Fe, Na. B. Fe, Pb, Mg. C. Cu, Ag, Zn. D. Ca, Fe, Sn.
14. Phng php no sau y c th lm mm nc cng vnh cu?
A. Cho tc dng vi NaOH. B. un nng.
C. Cho tc dng vi HCl. D. Cho tc dng vi Na
2
CO
3
.
15. Cho cc hp cht: Cu
2
S, CuS, CuO, Cu
2
O
Hai cht c thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca Cu bng nhau l:
A. Cu
2
S v CuO. B. Cu
2
S v Cu
2
O.
C. CuS v Cu
2
O. D. CuS v CuO.
16. Phn chua c cng thc no sau y?
A. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. B. K
2
SO
4
. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.12H
2
O.
C. K
2
SO
4
. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. 24H
2
O. D. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. 24H
2
O.
17. Dung dch cha hn hp no sau y c gi l nc Javen
A. NaCl + NaClO
3
. B. NaCl + NaClO
2
.

C. NaCl + NaClO. D. CaOCl
2
+ CaCl
2
.
18. Dung dch mui n c ln tp cht l NaBr v NaI. thu c mui n tinh khit ngi ta sc vo
kh X n d, sau c cn. Kh X l
A. Cl
2
. B. F
2
. C. O
2
. D. HCl.
19. Nhit phn KNO
3
thu c sn phm gm:
A. K, NO
2
v O
2
. B. KNO
2
v O
2
.

C. K
2
O v NO
2
. D. KNO
2
v NO
2
.
20. Cho 4,05 gam nhm kim loi phn ng vi dung dch HNO
3
d thu c kh NO duy nht. Khi lng
ca NO l
VNMATHS.TK

116
A. 4,5 gam. B. 6,9 gam. C. 3 gam. D. 6,75 gam.
21. tinh ch mt mu bc kim loi c ln ng kim loi ngi ta ngm mu bc vo dung dch no sau
y?
A. ZnCl
2
. B. NaCl. C. AgNO
3
. D. Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
22. C 6 dung dch NaCl, FeCl
2
, FeCl
3
, MgCl
2
, NH
4
Cl, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
. Dng kim loi no sau y c th phn
bit 6 dung dch trn?
A. Na. B. Ba. C. Al. D. Tt c u sai.
23. Ha tan 8,3 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Al v Fe bng dung dch HCl long thu c 0,5 gam kh H
2
. C
cn dung dch thu c hn hp mui c khi lng bng bao nhiu?
24. Cho Fe tc dng vi cc dung dch no sau y th u thu c mt mui ca st?
A. HCl v Cl
2
. B. HCl v FeCl
3
.
C. CuCl
2
v HCl. D. B v C.
25. Qung xierit c cng thc l
A. FeS
2
. B. FeCO
3
. C. Fe
2
O
3
D. Fe
3
O
4
.
26. Khi in phn Al
2
O
3
ngi ta ha tan Al
2
O
3
trong criolit lm g?
A. Gim nhit nng chy, tit kim nng lng.
B. To c cht lng dn in tt hn.
C. To hn hp nh ni bn trn ngn khng cho Al b oxi ha.
D. C A, B v C.
27. Cho dung dch c cha cc ion: Na
+
, NH
4
+
, CO
3
2
, PO
4
3
, NO
3
, SO
4
2
. Dng ha cht no loi c
nhiu anion nht?
A. BaCl
2
. B. MgCl
2
. C. Ba(NO
3
)
2
. D. NaOH.
28. Cho 0,1 mol Na v 0,1 mol Al vo nc d th sinh ra bao nhiu lt kh H
2
(ktc)?
A. 4,48 lt. B. 1,12 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 22,4 lt.
29. Cn ly nhng mui no pha ch c dung dch c cc ion: Na
+
, Cu
2+
, SO
4
2
, NO
3
, Cl
?

A. NaCl, CuSO
4
, NaNO
3
. B. Na
2
SO
4
, CuCl
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
, NaCl, Cu(NO
3
)
2
. D. A, B, C u ng.
30. S nguyn t trong cc chu k 2 v 5 ln lt l
A. 8 v 18. B. 8 v 8. D. 18 v 18. D. 18 v 8.
31. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X, dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2

d, thy khi lng bnh tng 20,4 gam v c 30 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
6
. B. C
3
H
8
. C. C
3
H
6
. D. C
4
H
8
.
32. Cho toluen phn ng vi Clo theo t l 1 : 1, c xc tc nh sng. Sn phm chnh thu c
A. benzyl clorua. B. m-clotoluen.
C. p-clotoluen. D. o-clotoluen.
33. Chn thuc th nhn bit 3 hirocacbon CH
4
, C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
?
A. dung dch KMnO
4
. B. dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
C. dung dch HCl. D. dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
, dung dch brom.

117
34. Etylen glicol phn ng vi Cu(OH)
2
thu c phc mu xanh thm. Cc loi lin kt ha hc c trong
phc l
A. lin kt cng ha tr. B. lin kt ion.
C. lin kt cho nhn. D. c A v C.
35. Ru etylic c th to thnh trc tip t cht no?
A. anehit axetic. B. etyl clorua.
C. etilen. D. Tt c u ng.
36. Mt ru n chc c 50% oxi v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca ru l
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. CH
2
=CHCH
2
OH.
C. CH
3
OH. D. (CH
3
)
3
CHOH.
37. Ru isoamylic c tn gi quc t l
A. n-pentanol. B. 2-metylbutanol-2.
C. 2,2-imetybutanol. D. 3-metylbutanol-1.
38. 17,7 gam mt amin bc 1 phn ng va vi FeCl
3
thu c 10,7 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca amin l
A. C
2
H
5
NH
2
. B. C
3
H
7
NH
2
.

C. CH
3
NH
2
. D. C
4
H
9
NH
2
.
39. Cng thc no ng nht sau y c dng ch anehit no n chc?
A. C
n
H
2n
O. B. C
n
H
2n+1
CHO. C. C
n
H
2n-1
CHO. D. RCHO.
40. C
x
H
y
O
2
l mt anehit no, mch h. Khi
A. y = 2x. B. y = 2x + 2. C. y = 2x 2. D. y = 2x 4.
41. Cho a mol mt anehit Y phn ng ht vi AgNO
3
/ NH
3
thu c 4a mol Ag. Anehit Y l
A. HCHO. B. (CHO)
2
.

C. R(CHO)
2
.

D. tt c u ng.
42. Cht no sau y c nhiu trong thuc l?
A. heroin. B. nicotin. C. morphin. D. caroten.
43. Oxi ha 2,2 gam anehit X thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Xc nh cng thc ca anehit?
A. (CHO)
2
. B. CH
3
CHO.
C. CH CH CH CH
CHO CHO
= =
| |
D. c B v C
44. Th tch H
2
( 0
o
C, 2 atm) cn phn ng va vi 11,2 gam anehit acrylic l
A. 0,448 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 0,336 lt.
45. Trung ha a mol axit hu c X cn 2a mol NaOH. Mt khc, t chy a mol axit trn thu c 2a mol
CO
2
. Cng thc ca X l
A. CH
3
COOH. B. (COOH)
2
.

C. CH
2
(COOH)
2
. D. c A, B, C u ng.
46. Trung ha hon ton 1,8 gam mt axit hu c n chc bng mt lng va dung dch NaOH. C
cn dung dch sau phn ng 2,46 gam mui khan. Cng thc axit l
A. HCOOH. B. CH
3
COOH.
C. CH
2
=CHCOOH. D. C
2
H
2
COOH.
47. Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
3
, X c th phn ng vi Na v Na
2
CO
3
. Oxi ha X
bng CuO thu c sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc ca X l
VNMATHS.TK

118
A.
2 2
OH CH CH COOH B.
3
CH CH COOH
OH

I

C. HCOOCH
2
CH
3
. D.
2
CH CH CHO
OH OH

I I

48. phn bit du nht bi trn ng c v du thc vt, ngi ta dng cch no sau y?
A. Ha tan vo nc, cht no nh ni ln mt nc l du thc vt.
B. Cht no tan trong dung dch HCl l du nht.
C. un nng vi dung dch NaOH, sau ngui. Cho sn phm thu c phn ng vi
Cu(OH)
2
, thy to ra dung dch mu xanh thm l du thc vt.
D. Tt c u sai.
49. Hp cht no sau y khng phi l aminoaxit?
A. H
2
N CH
2
CH
2
COOH. B.
3
2
CH CH COOH
NH

I

C.
2
2
HOOC CH CH COOH
NH

I
D.
2
2
HCOO CH CH COOH
NH

I

50. phn bit ba mu ha cht: phenol, axit acrylic, axit axetic c th dng
A. dung dch brom. B. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
C. dung dch AgNO
3
/ NH
3
. D. dung dch NaOH.
B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

S 09
1. Tn l st trng km. Nu tn b xc th kim loi no b n mn nhanh hn?
A. Zn. B. Fe.
C. c hai b n mn nh nhau. D. khng xc nh c.
2. Kh hon ton 4,64 gam hn hp cc oxit ca st (FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
) bng CO nhit cao. Kh sinh
ra sau phn ng c dn vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thu c 8 gam kt ta. Khi lng st thu
c l

119
3. Dng ha cht no sau y c th phn bit c hai kh SO
2
v CO
2
?
A. dung dch Ca(OH)
2
. B. dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.
C. dung dch Br
2
. D. dung dch H
2
SO
4
c.
4. Magiesilixua c cng thc phn t l
A. MgSi. B. Mg
2
Si. C. MgSi
2
. D. Mg
3
Si
2
.
5. Oxi ha ht 12 gam kim loi to thnh 16,8 gam sn phm rn. Hi tn ca kim loi l g?
A. Magie. B. St. C. Natri. D. Canxi.
6. Oxit no sau y phn ng c vi dung dch HF?
A. P
2
O
5
. B. CO
2
. C. SiO
2
. D. SO
2
.
7. m ure c cng thc no sau y?
A. NH
4
NO
3
. B. NaNO
3
. C. (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
. D. (NH
2
)
2
CO.
8. Trn mt a cn t cc ng axit sunfuric c, trn a cn khc t qu cn thng bng. Sau khi
thng bng cn, nu lu ngi ta thy
A. cn cn lch v pha cc axit.
B. cn cn lch v pha qu cn.
C. cn vn thng bng.
D. khng xc nh c chnh xc
9. Sc kh H
2
S ln lt vo dung dch cc mui: NaCl, BaCl
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
v CuSO
4
. dung dch no xy ra
phn ng?
A. NaCl. B. BaCl
2
. C. Zn(NO
3
)
2
. D. CuSO
4
.
10. Tnh kh ca C th hin trong phn ng no sau y?
A. C + CO
2

o
t
2CO B. C + 2H
2

o
t
CH
4

C. 3C + 4Al
o
t
Al
4
C
3
D. 3C + CaO
o
t
CaC
2
+ CO
11. Supephotphat n c cng thc l
A. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. B. CaHPO
4
.

C. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
.

D. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ 2CaSO
4
.
12. Tm nhn nh sai trong cc cu sau y?
A. Tt c cc mui nitrat u tan v l cht in li mnh.
B. Mui nitrat rn km bn vi nhit, khi b nhit phn u to ra kh oxi.
C. Mui nitrat th hin tnh oxi ho trong c ba mi trng axit, baz v trung tnh.
D. Mui nitrat rn c tnh oxi ho.
13. Khi b nhit phn dy mui nitrat no sau y cho sn phm l oxit kim loi, kh nit ioxit v oxi?
A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
, AgNO
3
, NaNO
3
.
B. KNO
3
, Hg(NO
3
)
2
, LiNO
3
.
C. Pb(NO
3
)
2
, Zn(NO
3
)
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, Fe(NO
3
)
3
, AgNO
3
.
14. Cho 50 ml dung dch ho tan 4,48 lt NH
3
tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
1M thu c dung
dch X. S ion trong dung dch X l
VNMATHS.TK

120
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
15. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1
. S th t chu k v nhm ca X l
A. 2 v III. B. 3 v II. C. 3 v III. D. 3 v I.
16. Nhng giy qu tm vo dung dch Na
2
CO
3
th
A. giy qu tm b mt mu.
B. giy qu chuyn t mu tm thnh xanh.
C. giy qu khng i mu.
D. giy qu chuyn t mu tm thnh .
17. Trn ln 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch A. pH
ca dung dch A l
A. 2. B. 12. C. 13. D. 11.
18. Dy cht, ion no sau y l baz
A. NH
3
, PO
4
3
, Cl
, NaOH. B. HCO
3
, CaO, CO
3
2
, NH
4
+
.
C. Ca(OH)
2
, CO
3
2
, NH
3
, PO
4
3
. D. Al
2
O
3
, Cu(OH)
2
, HCO
3
.
19. in phn dung dch AgNO
3
n khi nc b in phn catot th dng li. Dung dch thu c c mi
trng
A. axit. B. baz.
C. trung tnh. D. khng xc nh c.
20. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca X l ns
2
np
4
. Vy X l
A. kim loi. B. phi kim.
C. kh him. D. nguyn t lng tnh.
21. Thi 8,96 lt CO (ktc) qua 16 gam Fe
x
O
y
nung nng. Dn ton b lng kh sau phn ng qua dung
dch Ca(OH)
2
d, thy to ra 30 gam kt ta. Khi lng st thu c l
22. Nung dy st nng , sau a vo bnh kh clo d, thu c
A. st (III) clorua . B. st (II) clorua.
C. st (III) clorua v st (II) clorua. D. khng phn ng.
23. in phn dung dch NaCl long khng c mng ngn thu c
A. nc Javen. B. nc clo.
C. nc cng thu. D. nc ty mu.
24. Ho tan ht 0,1 mol K vo m gam nc thu c dung dch c nng 25%. Khi lng nc dng
l
25. Thp l hp kim ca st v cacbon trong hm lng cacbon
A. chim t 25%. B. trn 5%.
C. di 2%. D. di 0,2%.
26. t hn hp Fe vi S thu c
A. FeS. B. FeS
2
. C. Fe
2
S
3
. D. Fe
2
S.

121
27. Canxi oxit c iu ch bng cch nhit phn CaCO
3
theo phng trnh sau
CaCO
3

o
t
CaO + CO
2
; AH > 0
chuyn dch cn bng theo chiu to ra CaO ngi ta thay i cc yu t nhit , p sut nh th
no?
A. Tng nhit v tng p sut. B. Gim nhit v gim p sut.
C. Tng nhit v gim p sut. D. Gim nhit v tng p sut.
28. Chn cng thc ng ca qung apatit?
A. Ca(PO
4
)
2
. B. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
. C. CaP
2
O
7
. D. 3Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
.CaF
2
.
29. Cho dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch AlCl
3
, un nng nh thy c
A. c kh bay ra. B. c kt ta trng ri tan.
C. kt ta trng. D. c A v C.
30. Cho mt lng nhm tc dng hon ton vi Fe
2
O
3
thu c hn hp A. Ho tan A trong HNO
3
d, thu
c 2,24 lt (ktc) mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh. Khi lng nhm dng l
31. Cho cc axit sau: CH
3
COOH, CH
2
ClCOOH, HCOOH, CHCl
2
COOH
Th t tng dn lc axit ca chng l
A. HCOOH < CH
3
COOH < CH
2
ClCOOH < CHCl
2
COOH.
B. CH
3
COOH < HCOOH < CHCl
2
COOH < CH
2
ClCOOH.
C. CHCl
2
COOH < CH
2
ClCOOH < HCOOH < CH
3
COOH.
D. CH
3
COOH < HCOOH < CH
2
ClCOOH < CHCl
2
COOH.
32. trung ho 20 ml dung dch mt axit n chc cn 30 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch
sau khi trung ho thu c 1,44 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca axit l
A. C
2
H
3
COOH. B. C
2
H
5
COOH. C. C
2
H
4
COOH. D. CH
3
COOH.
33. iu kin thng cc amino axit tn ti trng thi
A. lng. B. rn. C. kh. D. khng xc nh c.
34. Cao su thin nhin c cng thc no sau y?
A. (CH
2
CH=CHCH
2
)
n
.

B. [CH
2
CH(CH
3
)]
n
.
C. [CH
2
C(CH
3
)=CHCH
2
]
n
. D. (CH
2
CCl=CHCH
2
)
n
.
35. Chn mt ha cht phn bit cc dung dch ru etylic, anehit axetic, phenol?
A. dung dch brom. B. dung dch AgNO
3
.

C. dung dch NaOH. C. Na.
36. 6,16 gam anehit X l ng ng ca anehit fomic tc dng ht vi Cu(OH)
2
trong dung dch NaOH thu
c 20,16 gam kt ta gch. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO. B. CH
3
CHO. C. C
2
H
5
CHO. D. C
3
H
7
CHO.
37. Anehit Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 2. Cng thc ph hp ca Y l
A. C
2
H
5
CHO. B. (CHO)
2
. C. CH
3
CHO. D. c A, B u ng.
38. Ru c nhit si cao hn anehit tng ng. Nguyn nhn chnh l do
A. ru c khi lng ln hn. B. phn t ru phn cc hn.
VNMATHS.TK

122
C. ru c lin kt hiro. D. ru c lin kt hiro vi nc.
39. Dng ha cht no di y c th tinh ch c metan c ln etilen v axetilen?
A. dung dch H
2
SO
4
. B. dung dch brom.
C. dung dch KMnO
4
. D. c B, C.
40. Dy axit no trong cc axit sau y lm mt mu dung dch brom?
axit fomic, axit axetic, axit acrylic, axit propinoic, axit benzoic
A. axit benzoic, axit acrylic, axit propinoic.
B. axit acrylic, axit axetic, axit propinoic.
C. axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit propinoic.
D. axit acrylic, axit propinoic.
41. Oxi ha hon ton 4,48 gam bt Fe thu c 6,08 gam hn hp 2 oxit st (hn hp X). Kh hon ton
hn hp X bng H
2
. Th tch H
2
(ktc) ti thiu cn dng l
A. 1,92 lt. B. 2,34 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. kt qu khc.
42. Cho Na phn ng hon ton vi 18,8 gam hn hp hai ru no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
sinh ra 5,6 lt khi H
2
ktc. CTPT ca hai ru l
A, C
4
H
9
OH v C
5
H
11
OH. B. CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH.
C. C
3
H
7
OH v C
4
H
9
OH. D. C
2
H
5
OH vC
3
H
7
OH.
43. S lng ng phn anken mch nhnh c CTPT C
5
H
10
l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
44. T 16 gam t n cha 80% CaC
2
c th iu ch c bao nhiu lt C
2
H
2
ktc, bit hiu sut ca qu
trnh l 80%?
A. 5,6 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 3,584 lt.
45. Cho hai phn ng sau:
1) CH
3
CHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O CH
3
COOH + HBr
2) CH
3
CHO + 2AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O CH
3
COOH + 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3

Trong hai phn ng trn CH
3
CHO ng vai tr l cht g?
A. Cht oxi ha.
B. Cht kh.
C. (1) l cht kh, (2) l cht oxi ha.
D. (1) l cht oxi ha, (2) l cht kh.
46. Gi tn theo danh php quc t ca axit c cng thc sau:
CH
3
CH CH COOH
CH
3
C
2
H
5

A. 2-metyl-3-etylbutanoic. B. 3-etyl-2metylbutanoic.
C. 2-etyl-3-metylbutanoic. D. 3-metyl-2etylbutanoic.
47. Mt anehit khi tham gia phn ng trng gng c t l mol n
anehit
: n
ag
= 1 : 4. Anehit l
A. 1 anehit n chc. B. 1 anehit 2 chc.
C. anehit fomic. D. c B v C.

123
48. iu kin mt cht c phn ng trng hp l
A. c lin kt bi.
B. c t 2 nhm chc tr ln.
C. c t 2 nhm chc c kh nng phn ng vi nhau tr ln.
D. c lin kt ba.
49. Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi axit X n chc v ru Y a chc l
A. R(COOR
1
)
n
.

B. R(COO)
n
R
1
.

C. (ROOC)
n
R
1
(COOR)
m
. D. (RCOO)
n
R
1
.
50. Hai este A, B l ng phn ca nhau. 17,6 gam hn hp trn chim th tch bng th tch ca 6,4 gam oxi
cng iu kin. Hai este l
A. CH
3
COOCH
3
v HCOOC
2
H
5
.

B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
v HCOOC
3
H
7
.
C. HCOOC
3
H
7
v C
3
H
7
COOH.
D. CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)
VNMATHS.TK

124

S 10
1. Trong cng mt lp, electron thuc phn lp no c mc nng lng thp nht?
A. phn lp s. B. phn lp p. C. phn lp d. D. phn lp f.
2. Nguyn t Ag c 2 ng v
109
Ag,
107
Ag. Bit
109
Ag chim 44%. Vy khi lng nguyn t trung bnh
ca Ag l
A. 106,8. B. 107,88. C. 108. D. 109,5.
3. Cation no sau y c bn knh nh nht?
A. Na
+
. B. K
+
. C. Mg
2+
. D. Ca
2+
.
4. Tnh nng ion nitrat c trong 200ml dung dch cha HNO
3
0,02M v NaNO
3
0,03M.
A. 0,05M. B. 0,003M. C. 0,002M. D. 0,5M.
5. X l mt o-aminoaxit no, mch nhnh ch cha mt nhm NH
2
v mt nhm COOH. Cho 23,4 gam X
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 30,7 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH.
C. H
2
NCH(CH
3
)CH
2
COOH.
D. CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CH(NH
2
)COOH.
6. Cho bit ion no trong s cc ion sau l cht lng tnh?
HCO
3
, H
2
O, HSO
4
, HS
, NH
4
+
A. HCO
3
, HSO
4
, HS
. B. HCO
3
, NH
4
+
,

H
2
O.
C. H
2
O, HSO
4
, NH
4
+
.

D. HCO
3
, H
2
O, HS
.
7. Cn bao nhiu lt HCl (0
o
C, 2 atm) pha ch c 1 lt dung dch c pH = 2?
A. 0,224 lt. B. 1,12 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 0,112 lt.
8. i t nit n bitmut
A. kh nng oxi ho gim dn. B. m in tng dn.
C. bn knh nguyn t tng dn. D. khi lng nguyn t tng dn.
Chn pht biu sai.
9. Dung dch amoniac c mi trng baz yu nn
A. lm i mu qu tm thnh xanh.
B. ho tan hiroxit lng tnh Al(OH)
3
.
C. tc dng vi cc cht Cu(OH)
2
, Zn(OH)
2
, AgOH to thnh phc cht.
D. c th phn ng vi cc mui m kim loi c hiroxit khng tan.
Chn cu sai.
10. Cho phn ng ho hc sau:
N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3
; AH < 0

125
Cn bng trn s chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi no?
A. Tng nhit .
B. Gim p sut ca h.
C. Thm cht xc tc.
D. Ho lng amoniac tch ra khi hn hp phn ng.
11. HNO
3
c diu ch theo s sau:
NH
3
NO NO
2
HNO
3

T 6,72 lt NH
3
(ktc) th thu c bao nhiu lt dung dch HNO
3
3M. Bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l
80%?
A. 0,3 lt. B. 0,33 lt. C. 0,08 lt. D. 3,3 lt.
12. Supephotphat kp c cng thc l
A. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. B. CaHPO
4
.

C. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
. D. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ 2CaSO
4
.
13. Than chy trong oxi tinh khit v trong khng kh c ging nhau khng?
A. than chy trong oxi tinh khit v trong khng kh nh nhau.
B. than chy trong oxi tinh khit mnh hn.
C. than chy trong khng kh mnh hn.
D. khng xc nh c.
14. Ozon c rt nhiu ng dng trong thc tin nh: Ty trng thc phm,kh trng nc n, kh mi, cha
su rng .v.v... Nguyn nhn dn n ozon c nhng ng dng l v
A. ozon km bn. B. ozon c tnh kh mnh.
C. ozon c tnh oxi ha mnh. D. mt nguyn nhn khc.
15. Dung dch H
2
S trong nc khi lu ngy tr nn c. Hin tng ny c gii thch nh sau
A. H
2
S b phn hy thnh H
2
v S.
B. H
2
S b oxi ha khng hon ton thnh H
2
O v S.
C. H
2
S b oxi ha hon ton thnh H
2
O v SO
2
.
D. H
2
S phn ng vi SO
2
trong khng kh to thnh H
2
O v S.
16. Phn ng no sau y c dng iu ch kh CO trong cng nghip?
A. 2C + O
2
2CO B. HCOOH
2 4
H SO
CO + H
2
O
C. C + H
2
O
o
t
CO + H
2
D. 3C + Fe
2
O
3
3CO + 2Fe
17. Cht no sau y c dng lm thuc cha bnh au d dy?
A. natricacbonat. B. natrihirocacbonat.
C. canxicacbonat. D. magiecacbonat.
18. in phn dung dch NaCl long khng c mng ngn, dung dch thu c c tn l
A. nc Javen. B. nc ty mu.
C. nc cng thu. D. nc clo.
19. Dung dch NaHCO
3
c pH
VNMATHS.TK

126
A. < 7. B. = 7. C. > 7. D. khng xc nh.
20. Cho st phn ng vi HNO
3
rt long thu c NH
4
NO
3
, c phng trnh ion thu gn l
A. 8Fe + 30H
+
+ 6NO
3
8Fe
3+
+ 3NH
4
NO
3
+ 9H
2
O
B. 8Fe + 30HNO
3
8Fe
3+
+ 3NH
4
NO
3
+ 9H
2
O
C. 3Fe + 48H
+
+ 8NO
3
3Fe
2+
+ 8NH
4
+
+ 24H
2
O
D. 8Fe + 30H
+
+ 3NO
3
8Fe
3+
+ 3NH
4
+
+ 9H
2
O
21. Mui FeCl
2
th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi cht no sau y?
A. Cl
2
. B. AgNO
3
. C. Zn. D. dd HNO
3
.
22. Nh t t dung dch H
3
PO
4
vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
cho n d thy
A. khng c hin tng g.
B. xut hin kt ta trng khng tan.
C. xut hin kt ta trng v tan ngay.
D. xut hin kt ta trng sau kt ta tan dn to dung dch trong sut.
23. Ho tan ht 9,2 gam mt kim loi kim Y vo 100 gam nc. Sau khi phn ng xong dung dch cn li
108,8 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 0,5 M cn trung ho ht dung dch trn l
A. 400 ml. B. 1600 ml. C. 600ml. D. 800 ml.
24. in phn dung dch cha cc mui: AgNO
3
, Ni(NO
3
)
2
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Th t kh cc cation kim loi trn
catot l
A. Ag
+
> Ni
2+
> Cu
2+
. B. Ag
+
> Cu
2+
> Ni
2+
.
C. Ni
2+
> Cu
2+
> Ag
+
. D. Cu
2+
> Ni
2+
> Ag
+
.
25. Trong t nhin clo khng tn ti dng n cht m lun tn ti dng hp cht v
A. clo c tnh oxi ha mnh. B. clo c tnh kh ha mnh.
C. clo lun phn ng vi nc. D. c A, B, C u ng.
26. Cho Na vo dung dch CuSO
4
thy
A. Na tan v xut hin cht rn mu .
B. Na tan v c kh khng mu thot ra.
C. Na tan v c kh khng mu thot ra ng thi xut hin kt ta xanh nht.
D. C kt ta xanh nht.
27. Ti sao khi ha tan Zn bng dung dch HCl, nu thm vi git mui Cu
2+
th qu trnh ha tan xy ra
nhanh hn (kh thot ra mnh hn)?
A. Mui Cu
2+
c tc dng xc tc cho phn ng.
B. Xy ra s n mn ha hc.
C. To ra dng hn hng.
D. Xy ra s n mn in ha.
28. Axit no sau y mnh nht?
A. H
2
SiO
3
. B. H
3
PO
4
. C. H
2
SO
4
. D. HClO
4
.
29. nhn ra Na
2
CO
3
, MgCl
2
, AlCl
3
, cn dng
A. dd Ba(OH)
2
. B. Ca(OH)
2
.

C. NaOH. D. BaCl
2
.

127
30. Trong phn ng no sau y FeO ng vai tr l oxit baz?
A. FeO + Al. B. FeO + O
2
. C. FeO + H
2
. D. FeO + HCl.
31. Cho 6,6 gam hn hp axit axetic v mt axit hu c n chc B tc dng ht vi dung dch KOH thu
c 10,4 gam hai mui khan. Tng s mol hai axit dng l
A. 0,15. B. 0,2. C. 0,05. D. 0,1.
32. Ha tan ht 5,6 gam Fe bng mt lng va dung dch HNO
3
c nng thu c V lt NO
2
l sn
phm kh duy nht (ktc). V nhn gi tr nh nht l
A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
33. Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO
3
)
3
v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu
kim loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht)
34. Cho hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t l C
7
H
8
. Cho 4,6 gam X tc dng vi lng d AgNO
3
/NH
3

thu c 15,3 gam kt ta. X c ti a bao nhiu cng thc cu to?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
35. C
4
H
8
c bao nhiu ng phn mch h
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
36. Dng nhng ho cht no sau y c th nhn bit c 4 cht lng khng mu l etylen glicol, ru
etylic, glucoz, phenol?
A. dung dch Br
2
v Cu(OH)
2
. B. AgNO
3
/NH
3
v Cu(OH)
2
.
C. Na v dung dch Br
2
. D. Na v AgNO
3
/NH
3
.
37. t chy hon ton 0,9 gam mt hp cht hu c A thu c 1,32 gam CO
2
v 0,54 gam H
2
O. A c
KLPT l 180. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C
5
H
10
O
5
. B. C
2
H
4
O
2
. C. C
6
H
12
O
6
. D. C
5
H
8
O
7
.
38. Cho 2,5 kg glucoz cha 20% tp cht ln men thnh ru etylic. Trong qu trnh ch bin ru b hao
ht 10%. Tnh khi lng ru thu c?
A. 0,92 kg. B. 0,575 kg. C. 0,51 kg. D. 5,15 kg.
39. Cho vi git anilin vo nc, quan st hin tng; thm HCl vo dung dch, quan st hin tng ri cho
tip vi git NaOH, quan st hin tng. Cc hin tng xy ra ln lt l
A. anilin tan, xut hin kt ta, kt ta tan.
B. thy vn c, vn c tan, thy vn c.
C. thy vn c, vn c khng thay i, vn c tan.
D. thy vn c, vn c tan, khng hin tng g.
40. Ghp tn ct 1 v CTCT ct 2 cho ph hp:
Ct 1 Ct 2
1. isopropyl axetat
2. allylacrylat
3. phenyl axetat
4. sec-butyl fomiat
a. C
6
H
5
OOCCH
3

b. CH
3
COOCH(CH
3
)
2

c. CH
2
=CHCOOCH=CH
2
d. CH
2
=CHCOOCHCH=CH
2

e. HCOOCH(CH
3
)CH
2
CH
3

VNMATHS.TK

128

A. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e. B. 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-e.
C. 1-d, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e. D. 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c.
41. Thy phn 1 mol este cho 2 mui v nc. CTCT ca este c dng
A. RCOOR'. B. RCOOCH=CHR'.
C. RCOOC
6
H
5
. D. C
6
H
5
COOR.
(R l gc hirocacbon trong cacbon mang ha tr l cacbon no)
42. Phn ng gia benzen v etylclorua c xc tc l AlCl
3
to ra HCl v
A. toluen. B. phenylclorua. C. stiren. D. etylbenzen.
43. Hp cht no di y tc dng c vi AgNO
3
/NH
3
:
CH
3
CCH, CH
3
CHO, CH
3
COCH
3
, CH
3
CCCH
3

A. CH
3
CCH v CH
3
CCCH
3
.
B. CH
3
CHO v CH
3
CCH.
C. CH
3
CCCH
3
v CH
3
COCH
3
.
D. c 4 cht trn.
44. Trong phng th nghim axetilen c th iu ch bng cch
A. cho nhm cacbua tc dng vi nc.
B. un nng natri axetat vi vi ti xt.
C. cho canxi cacbua tc dng vi nc.
D. Kh nc ca ru etylic.
45. Penta-1,3-ien c cng thc cu to no sau y?
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH=CH
2
. B. CH
2
=CHCH=CHCH
3
.
C. CH
2
=C=CHCH
2
CH
3
.

D. CH
3
CH
2
CH=CHCH
3
.
46. Cho qu tm vo dung dch mi hp cht di y, dung dch no lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu xanh?
A. H
2
NCH
2
COONa. B. H
2
NCH
2
COOH.
C. Cl
NH
3
+
CH
2
COOH. D. HOOC(CH
2
)
3
CH(NH
2
)COOH.
47. Cht no sau y c th dng lm khan ru etylic?
A. CaO. B. CuSO
4
khan. C. Na
2
SO
4
khan. D. c A, B, C.
48. Cho glixerin tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit stearic, panmitic th to ra ti a bao nhiu trieste?
A. 4. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8.
49. Cng HBr vo mt anken thu c sn phm c % Br v khi lng l 65%. Anken l
A. C
2
H
4
. B. C
3
H
6
. C. C
4
H
8
. D. C
5
H
10
.
50. Glucoz v fructoz thuc loi saccarit no?
A. monosaccarit. B. isaccarit.
C. oligosaccarit. D. polisaccarit

129
B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

S 11
1. Pht biu no di y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t c cu thnh t cc ht c bn l proton, ntron v electron.
B. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu thnh t cc ht proton v ntron.
C. V nguyn t c cu thnh bi cc ht electron.
D. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
2. Nguyn t nguyn t R c tng s ht bng 34, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 10 ht. K hiu v v tr ca R (chu k, nhm) trong bng tun hon l
A. Na, chu k 3, nhm I
A
. B. Mg, chu k 3, nhm II
A
.
C. F, chu k 2, nhm VII
A
. D. Ne, chu k 2, nhm VIII
A
.
3. Cc nguyn t X (Z = 8), Y (Z = 16), T (Z = 19), G (Z = 20) c th to c ti a bao nhiu hp cht
ion v hp cht cng ha tr ch gm 2 nguyn t? (ch xt cc hp cht hc trong chng trnh ph
thng)
A. Ba hp cht ion v ba hp cht cng ha tr.
B. Hai hp cht ion v bn hp cht cng ho tr.
C. Nm hp cht ion v mt hp cht cng ha tr
D. Bn hp cht ion v hai hp cht cng ha tr.
4. Ion no di y khng c cu hnh electron ca kh him?
A. Na
+
. B. Fe
2+
. C. Al
3+
. D. Cl
.
5. Hy chn phng n ng trong cc dy cht no di y c sp xp theo chiu tng dn s phn
cc lin kt trong phn t?
A. HCl, Cl
2
, NaCl. B. NaCl, Cl
2
, HCl.
C. Cl
2
, HCl, NaCl. D. Cl
2
, NaCl, HCl.
6. ng c th tc dng vi
A. dung dch mui st (II) to thnh mui ng (II) v gii phng st.
B. dung dch mui st (III) to thnh mui ng (II) v gii phng st.
C. dung dch mui st (III) to thnh mui ng (II) v mui st (II).
D. khng th tc dng vi dung dch mui st (III).
VNMATHS.TK

130
7. Cho phn ng sau:
Mg + HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ NO + NO
2
+ H
2
O.
Nu t l s mol gia NO v NO
2
l 2 : 1, th h s cn bng ca HNO
3
trong phng trnh ha hc l
A. 12. B. 30. C. 18. D. 20.
8. m gam phoi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (B) c khi lng 12
gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thy gii phng ra 2,24
lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu?
9. Cho cc cht di y: H
2
O, HCl, NaOH, NaCl, CH
3
COOH, CuSO
4
. Cc cht in li yu l
A. H
2
O, CH
3
COOH, CuSO
4
. B. CH
3
COOH, CuSO
4
.
C. H
2
O, CH
3
COOH. D. H
2
O, NaCl, CH
3
COOH, CuSO
4
.
10. Theo thuyt axit - baz ca Bronstet, ion Al
3+
trong nc c tnh cht
A. axit. B. lng tnh. C. baz. D. trung tnh.
11. Cho phn ng:
2NO
2
+ 2NaOH NaNO
2
+ NaNO
3
+ H
2
O
Hp th ht x mol NO
2
vo dung dch cha x mol NaOH th dung dch thu c c gi tr
A. pH = 7. B. pH > 7. C. pH = 0. D. pH < 7.
12. Cho dung dch cha x gam Ba(OH)
2
vo dung dch cha x gam HCl. Dung dch thu c sau phn ng
c mi trng
A. axit. B. trung tnh. C. Baz. D. khng xc nh c.
13. Hy ch ra mnh khng chnh xc:
A. Tt c cc mui AgX (X l halogen) u khng tan.
B. Tt c hiro halogenua u tn ti th kh, iu kin thng.
C. Tt c hiro halogenua khi tan vo nc u to thnh dung dch axit.
D. Cc halogen (t F
2
n I
2
) tc dng trc tip vi hu ht cc kim loi.
14. Phn ng no di y vit khng ng?
A. Cl
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaOCl
2
+ H
2
O
B. 2KClO
3
o
2
t , MnO
2KCl + 3O
2

C. Cl
2
+ 2KOH
o
t thng
KCl + KClO + H
2
O
D. 3Cl
2
+ 6KOH
long

o
t thng
5KCl + KClO
3
+ 3H
2
O

15. C 5 gi bt mu tng t nhau l ca cc cht CuO, FeO, MnO
2
, Ag
2
O, (Fe + FeO). C th dng dung
dch no trong cc dung dch di y phn bit cc cht trn?
A. HNO
3
. B. AgNO
3
.

C. HCl. D. Ba(OH)
2
.
16. Phng trnh ha hc no di y thng dng iu ch SO
2
trong phng th nghim?
A. 4FeS
2
+ 11O
2

o
t
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 8SO
2

B. S + O
2

o
t
SO
2

C. 2H
2
S + 3O
2
2SO
2
+ 2H
2
O

131
D. Na
2
SO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O + SO
2

17. Cc kh sinh ra khi cho saccaroz vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d gm:
A. H
2
S v CO
2
.

B. H
2
S v SO
2
.

C. SO
3
v CO
2
.

D. SO
2
v CO
2
.
18. Axit sunfuric c thng c dng lm kh cc cht kh m. Kh no di y c th c lm kh
nh axit sunfuric c?
A. Kh CO
2
.

B. Kh H
2
S. C. Kh NH
3
.

D. Kh SO
3
.
19. HNO
3
long khng th hin tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi cht no di y?
A. Fe. B. Fe(OH)
2
. C. FeO. D. Fe
2
O
3
.
20. nhn bit ion NO
3
ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H

2
SO
4
long v un nng, bi v
A. phn ng to ra dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mi lm xanh giy qu m.
B. phn ng to ra dung dch c mu vng nht.
C. phn ng to ra kt ta mu xanh.
D. phn ng to dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh.
21. Nung nng hon ton 27,3 gam hn hp NaNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Hn hp kh thot ra c dn vo nc d
th thy c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) khng b hp th (lng O
2
ho tan khng ng k). Khi lng Cu(NO
3
)
2

trong hn hp ban u l
22. Cho cc kim loi Cu; Al; Fe; Au; Ag. Dy gm cc kim loi c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh dn
in ca kim loi (t tri sang phi) l
A. Fe, Au, Al, Cu, Ag. B. Fe, Al, Cu, Au, Ag.
C. Fe, Al, Cu, Ag, Au. D. Al, Fe, Au, Ag, Cu.
23. Pht biu no di y khng ng v bn cht qu trnh ho hc in cc trong khi in phn:
A. Anion nhng electron anot. B. Cation nhn electron catot.
C. S oxi ho xy ra anot. D. S oxi ha xy ra catot.
24. T phng trnh ion thu gn sau: Cu + 2Ag
+
Cu
2+
+ 2Ag. Kt lun no di y khng ng?
A. Cu
2+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Ag
+
.
B. Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag.
C. Ag
+
c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Cu
2+
.
D. Cu b oxi ha bi ion Ag
+
.
25. Cho mt t bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO
3
d, sau khi kt

thc th nghim thu c dung dch X gm
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
, H
2
O. B. Fe(NO
3
)
2
, AgNO
3
d.
C. Fe(NO
3
)
3
, AgNO
3
d. D. Fe(NO
3
)
2
,

Fe(NO
3
)
3
, AgNO
3
.

26. Chia m gam hn hp mt mui clorua kim loi kim v BaCl
2
thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ha tan ht vo nc ri cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO
3
d thu c 8,61 gam kt ta.
- Phn 2: em in phn nng chy hon ton thu c V lt kh anot (ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,334 lt. D. 3,44 lt.
VNMATHS.TK

132
27. Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200ml dung dch CuSO
4
. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi
dung dch ra sch nh bng nc ct v sy kh ri em cn thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8 gam so
vi ban u. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO
4
dng l gi tr no di y?
A. 0,05M. B. 0,0625M. C. 0,50M. D. 0,625M.
28. Criolit c cng thc phn t l Na
3
AlF
6
c thm vo Al
2
O
3
trong qu trnh in phn Al
2
O
3
nng chy
sn xut nhm v l do chnh l
A. lm gim nhit nng chy ca Al
2
O
3
, cho php in phn nhit thp, gip tit kim nng
lng.
B. lm tng dn in ca Al
2
O
3
nng chy.
C. to mt lp ngn cch bo v nhm nng chy khi b oxi ho.
D. c A, B, C u ng
29. X, Y, Z l cc hp cht v c ca mt kim loi, khi t nng nhit cao u cho ngn la mu vng.
X tc dng vi Y thnh Z. Nung nng Y nhit cao thu c Z, hi nc v kh E. Bit E l hp cht
ca cacbon, E tc dng vi X cho Y hoc Z. X, Y, Z, E ln lt l cc cht no di y?
A. NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
, NaHCO
3
, CO
2
.

B. NaOH, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, CO
2
.
C. KOH, KHCO
3
, CO
2
, K
2
CO
3
.
D. NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
, CO
2
, NaHCO
3
.
30. Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca
kim loi ho tr II bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh CO
2
(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c
sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l bao nhiu?
31. Trn 0,81 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe
2
O
3
v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c
hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO
3
un nng thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht) ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
32. Hirocacbon A c cng thc n gin nht l C
2
H
5
. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C
4
H
10
. B. C
6
H
15
. C. C
8
H
20
. D. C
2
H
5
.
33. C bao nhiu ng phn cu to, mch h c cng thc phn t C
5
H
8
tc dng vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) thu
c sn phm l isopentan?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
34. Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C
4
H
10
O. S lng cc ng phn ca X c phn ng vi Na l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
35. C bao nhiu ng phn c cng cng thc phn t C
5
H
12
O khi oxi ha bng CuO (t
o
) to sn phm c
phn ng trng gng?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
36. C bao nhiu ng phn l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t C
8
H
10
O tc dng c vi Na, khng tc
dng vi NaOH v khng lm mt mu dung dch Br
2
?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
37. X l ancol no, a chc, mch h. Khi t chy hon ton 1 mol X cn 3,5 mol O
2
. Vy cng thc ca X
l

133
A. C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
.

B. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
.

C. C
4
H
7
(OH)
3
. D. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
.
38. un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H
2
SO
4
c 140
o
C thu c hn hp cc ete c s mol
bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam. S mol ca mi ete trong hn hp l gi tr no sau y?
39. Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O
2
(c mt H
2
SO
4
long) thu c hai sn phm hu c X,
Y (ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht.
Tn gi ca X l
A. axit axetic. B. axit fomic. C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat.
40. Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCOOH v 0,2 mol HCHO tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
th
khi lng Ag thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 108 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 216 gam. D. 64,8 gam.
41. Thu phn este X trong mi trng kim thu c ru etylic. Bit khi lng phn t ca ru bng
62,16% khi lng phn t ca este. X c cng thc cu to l
A. HCOOCH
3
. B. HCOOC
2
H
5
. C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. D. CH
3
COOCH
3
.
42. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp cc este no, n chc mch h. Sn phm chy c dn vo bnh
ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
d thy khi lng bnh tng 12,4 gam. Khi lng kt ta to ra l
A. 12,4 gam. B. 10 gam. C. 20 gam. D. 28,183 gam.
43. un nng ancol no, n chc A vi hn hp KBr v H
2
SO
4
c thu c cht hu c Y (cha C, H, Br),
trong Br chim 73,4% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. CH
3
OH. B. C
2
H
5
OH. C. C
3
H
7
OH. D. C
4
H
9
OH.
44. Nguyn t nguyn t X to ion X
. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong X

bng 116. X l nguyn t no di
y?
A.
34
Se. B.
32
Ge. C.
33
As. D.
35
Br.
45. t chy 6 gam este X thu c 4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 3,6 gam H
2
O. X c cng thc phn t l
A. C
5
H
10
O
2
.

B. C
4
H
8
O
2
.

C. C
3
H
6
O
2
.

D. C
2
H
4
O
2
.
46. Mt anehit no, mch h, khng phn nhnh c cng thc thc nghim l (C
2
H
3
O)
n
. Cng thc phn t
ca X l
A. C
2
H
3
O. B. C
4
H
6
O
2
. C. C
6
H
9
O
3
. D. C
8
H
12
O
4
.
47. Dung dch FeSO
4
c ln tp cht CuSO
4
. C th dng cht no di y c th loi b c tp cht?
A. Bt Fe d. B. Bt Cu d. C. Bt Al d. D. Na d.
48. Ho tan hon ton 104,25 gam hn hp X gm NaCl v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Sc kh Cl
2
d
vo dung dch A. Kt thc th nghim, c cn dung dch thu c 58,5g mui khan. Khi lng NaCl c
trong hn hp X l
49. Ch dng ha cht no di y phn bit hai ng phn khc chc c cng cng thc phn t
C
3
H
8
O?
A. Al. B. Cu(OH)
2
.
C. Dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
.

D. CuO.
50. Polime c tn l polipropilen c cu to mch nh sau:
VNMATHS.TK

134
CH
2
CH
CH
3
CH
2
CH
CH
3
CH
2
CH
CH
3
CH
2
CH
CH
3
CH
2

Cng thc chung ca polime l

CH
2
n
A.

CH
2
CH
n
CH
2
CH
3
C.

CH
2
CH
n
CH
2
CH
3
CH CH
2
CH
3
D.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

CH
2
CH
n

CH
3
B.

135
S 12
1. Ha tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X
(ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c
lng mui khan l
2. Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch HNO
3
rt long th thu c hn hp gm 0,015 mol kh
N
2
O v 0,01mol kh NO (phn ng khng to NH
4
NO
3
). Gi tr ca m l
A. 13,5 gam. B. 1,35 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D. 8,1 gam
3. Hp cht hu c X, mch h (cha C, H, N), trong nit chim 23,73% v khi lng. Bit X tc dng
vi HCl vi t l s mol
X HCl
n : n 1: 1 = . Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C
2
H
7
N. B. C
3
H
7
N. C. C
3
H
9
N. D. C
4
H
11
N.
4. t chy 6 gam este X thu c 4,48 lt CO
2
(ktc) v 3,6 gam H
2
O. X c cng thc phn t no di
y?
A. C
5
H
10
O
2
.

B. C
4
H
8
O
2
.

C. C
3
H
6
O
2
.

D. C
2
H
4
O
2
.

5. Cho hai mui X, Y tha mn iu kin sau:
X + Y khng xy ra phn ng
X + Cu khng xy ra phn ng
Y + Cu khng xy ra phn ng
X + Y + Cu xy ra phn ng
X, Y l mui no di y?
A. NaNO
3
v NaHCO
3
. B. NaNO
3
v NaHSO
4
.
C. Fe(NO
3
)
3
v NaHSO
4
. D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
v KNO
3
.

6. Cho hn hp gm Fe v FeS tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt hn hp kh iu kin
tiu chun. Hn hp kh ny c t khi so vi hiro l 9. Thnh phn % theo s mol ca hn hp Fe v
FeS ban u ln lt l
A. 40% v 60%. B. 50% v 50%.
C. 35% v 65%. D. 45% v 55%.
7. Cho m gam Cu phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO v NO
2
c
khi lng l 15,2 gam. Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,6 gam. B. 16 gam. C. 2,56 gam. D. 8 gam.

8. Pht biu no di y khng ng v bn cht qu trnh ho hc in cc trong khi in phn?
A. Anion nhng electron anot. B. Cation nhn electron catot.
C. S oxi ho xy ra anot. D. S oxi ha xy ra catot.
9. Hai este A, B l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C
9
H
8
O
2
. A v B u cng hp vi brom
theo t l mol l 1 : 1. A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho mt mui v mt anehit. B tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH d cho 2 mui v nc, cc mui u c phn t khi ln hn phn t khi ca
CH
3
COONa. Cng thc cu to ca A v B ln lt l cc cht no di y?
A. HOOCC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
v CH
2
=CHCOOC
6
H
5

B. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
v C
6
H
5
CH=CHCOOH
VNMATHS.TK

136
C. HCOOC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
v HCOOCH=CHC
6
H
5

D. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
v CH
2
=CHCOOC
6
H
5

10. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B ng trc H trong dy in ha v c ha tr khng i trong cc
hp cht. Chia m gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
long to ra 3,36 lt kh H
2
.
- Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht).
Bit cc th tch kh o ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
11. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1mol Fe
2
O
3
vo dung dch HNO
3
long, d thu
c dung dch A v kh B khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh. Dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d thu c kt ta. Ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c cht rn c khi lng l
12. Cho cc cht: CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, (CH
3
)
2
NH, (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH v NH
3
. Trt t tng dn tnh baz (theo chiu
t tri qua phi) ca 5 cht trn l
A. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH, NH
3
, (CH
3
)
2
NH, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, CH
3
NH
2

B. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, (CH
3
)
2
NH
C. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH, NH
3
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
, CH
3
NH
2,
(CH
3
)
2
NH
D. C
6
H
5
NH
2,
(C
6
H
5
)
2
NH, NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, (CH
3
)
2
NH.
13. Ho tan hon ton 19,2 gam Cu bng dung dch HNO
3
, ton b lng kh NO thu c em oxi ho
thnh NO
2
ri chuyn ht thnh HNO
3
. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn l gi tr
no di y?
A. 1,68 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
14. Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe
2
O
3
un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X gm Fe,
FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Ha tan hon ton X bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch
Y, lng mui khan thu c l

15. Thu phn C
4
H
6
O
2
trong mi trng axit thu c hn hp hai cht u c phn ng trng gng. Cng
thc cu to ca C
4
H
6
O
2
l

C C H
3
O CH CH
2
O
A.

C H O CH
2
CH
O
CH
2
B.

C H O CH CH
O
CH
3
C.

C H
2
C H C O CH
3
O
D.

16. C 4 dung dch khng mu ng trong 4 l mt nhn: NaCl, MgCl
2
, AlCl
3
, FeCl
2
. C th dng kim loi
no di y phn bit 4 dung dch trn (khng c s dng thm thuc th khc)?
A. Na. B. Al. C. Fe. D. Ag.
17. Trong phng th nghim, kh CO
2
c iu ch t CaCO
3
v dung dch HCl thng b ln kh hiro
clorua v hi nc. thu c CO
2
gn nh tinh khit ngi ta dn hn hp kh ln lt qua hai bnh
ng cc dung dch no trong cc dung dch di y.
A. NaOH, H
2
SO
4
c. B. NaHCO
3
, H
2
SO
4
c.
C. Na
2
CO
3
, NaCl . D. H
2
SO
4
c, Na
2
CO
3
.

137
18. un nng 0,1 mol cht X vi lng va dung dch NaOH thu c 13,4 gam mui ca axit hu c a
chc B v 9,2 gam ancol n chc D. Cho ton b lng ancol D bay hi 127
o
C v 600 mmHg s
chim th tch 8,32 lt.
Cng thc ca cht X l
A. CH(COOCH
3
)
3
B. H
3
COOCCH
2
CH
2
COOCH
3

C. C
2
H
5
OOCCOOC
2
H
5
D. C
3
H
5
OOCCOOC
3
H
5

19. Cho s phn ng sau:
o o
3 3 2
dd AgNO / NH Cl , as NaOH, t CuO, t
1 :1
Toluen X Y Z T
+ + + +

Bit X, Y, Z, T l cc hp cht hu c v l nhng sn phm chnh. Cng thc cu to ng ca T l
A. C
6
H
5
COOH. B. CH
3
C
6
H
4
COONH
4
.
C. C
6
H
5
COONH
4
. D. pHOOCC
6
H
4
COONH
4
.
20. Theo nh ngha axit-baz ca Bronstet, cc cht v ion thuc dy no di y l lng tnh?
A. CO
3
2
, CH
3
COO
.

B. ZnO, Al
2
O
3
, HSO
4
, NH
4
+.

C. NH
4
+
, HCO
3
, CH
3
COO
.

D. ZnO, Al
2
O
3
, HCO
3
,
H
2
O.
21. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp hai axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip thu c 3,36 lt CO
2

(ktc) v 2,7 gam H
2
O. S mol ca mi axit ln lt l
A. 0,05 mol v 0,05 mol. B. 0,045 mol v 0,055 mol.
C. 0,04 mol v 0,06 mol. D. 0,06 mol v 0,04 mol.
22. Cho cc ion kim loi sau: Fe
3+
, Fe
2+
, Zn
2+
, Ni
2+
, H
+
, Ag
+
. Chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion l
A. Zn
2+
, Fe
2+
, H
+
, Ni
2+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
.

B. Zn
2+
, Fe
2+
, Ni
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
.
C. Zn
2+
, Fe
2+
, Ni
2+
, H
+
, Ag
+
, Fe
3+
.

D. Fe
2+
, Zn
2+
, Ni
2+
, H
+
, Fe
3+
, Ag
+
.
23. Ho tan 25 gam CuSO
4
.5H
2
O vo nc ct c 500ml dung dch A. Gi tr gn ng pH v nng
mol ca dung dch A l
A. pH = 7; [CuSO
4
] = 0,20M. B. pH > 7; [CuSO
4
] = 0,3125M.
C. pH < 7; [CuSO
4
] = 0,20M. D. pH > 7; [CuSO
4
] = 0,20M.
24. T l v s nguyn t ca 2 ng v A v B trong t nhin ca mt nguyn t X l 27 : 23. Trong ng
v A c 35 proton v 44 ntron, ng v B c nhiu hn ng v A l 2 ntron. Nguyn t khi trung
bnh ca nguyn t X l gi tr no di y?
A. 79,92. B. 81,86. C. 80,01. D. 76,35.
25. Cht hu c X mch h, tn ti dng trans c cng thc phn t C
4
H
8
O, X lm mt mu dung dch Br
2

v tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H
2
. X ng vi cng thc phn t no sau y?
A. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CH
2
OH. B. CH
3
CH=CHCH
2
OH.
C. CH
2
=C(CH
3
)CH
2
OH. D. CH
3
CH
2
CH=CHOH.
26. Khi pha long dung dch CH
3
COOH 1M thnh dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,5M th
A. in li tng. B. in li gim.
C. in li khng i. D. in li tng 2 ln.
VNMATHS.TK

138
27. Anion X
2
c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s
2
3p
6
. Tng s electron lp v ca X
2
l bao
nhiu?
A. 18. B. 16. C. 9. D. 20.
28. Cho 7,28 gam kim loi M tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, sau phn ng thu c 2,912 lt kh H
2

27,3
o
C; 1,1 atm. M l kim loi no di y?
A. Zn. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Al.
29. Khi t chy polime X ch thu c kh CO
2
v hi nc vi t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 1. X l polime
no di y?
A. Polipropilen (PP). B. Tinh bt.
C. Poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC). D. Polistiren (PS).
30. Ancol X mch h c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nhm chc. Cho 9,3 gam ancol X tc dng vi Na d
thu c 3,36 lt kh. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH
3
OH. B. CH
2
OHCHOHCH
2
OH.
C. CH
2
OHCH
2
OH D. C
2
H
5
OH.
31. Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn
A. bn knh nguyn t gim dn, tnh kim loi tng dn.
B. bn knh nguyn t gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
C. bn knh nguyn t tng dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. bn knh nguyn t tng dn, tnh phi kim gim dn.
32. t chy hai hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip ca nhau ta thu c 6,3 gam nc v 9,68 gam CO
2
.
Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
.

B. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
.
C. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
.

D. Tt c u sai.
33. Ch dng mt thuc th no di y phn bit c etanal (anehit axetic), propan-2-on (axeton) v
pent-1-in (pentin-1)?
A. Dung dch brom. B. Dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
d.
C. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
.

D. H
2
(Ni, t
o
).
34. Cho phn ng sau: FeS + H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
|

+ H
2
O
H s cn bng ca H
2
SO
4
trong phng trnh ha hc l
A. 8. B. 10. C. 12. D. 4.
35. Trong cc phng php lm mm nc, phng php ch kh c cng tm thi ca nc l
A. phng php ha hc (s dng Na
2
CO
3
, Na
3
PO
4
).
B. un nng nc cng.
C. phng php lc.
D. phng php trao i ion.
36. t chy hon ton hn hp hai amin bc mt, mch h, no, n chc, k tip nhau trong cng dy ng
ng thu c CO
2
v H
2
O vi t l s mol
2 2
CO H O
n : n 1: 2 = . Hai amin c cng thc phn t ln lt l
A. CH
3
NH
2
v C
2
H
5
NH
2
. B. C
2
H
5
NH
2
v C
3
H
7
NH
2
.
C. C
3
H
7
NH
2
v C
4
H
9
NH
2
. D. C
4
H
9
NH
2
v C
5
H
11
NH
2
.

139
37. in phn 1 lt dung dch NaCl d vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp ti khi dung dch thu c c c pH
= 12 (coi lng Cl
2
tan v tc dng vi H
2
O khng ng k, th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k),
th th tch kh thot ra anot (ktc) l bao nhiu?
A. 1,12 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,112 lt. D. 0,336 lt.
38. Khi t chy hon ton mt este X cho
2 2
CO H O
n n = . Thy phn hon ton 6,0 gam este X cn va
dung dch cha 0,1 mol NaOH. Cng thc phn t ca este l
A. C
2
H
4
O
2
. B. C
3
H
6
O
2
. C. C
4
H
8
O
2
. D. C
5
H
10
O
2
.
39. un nng 27,40 gam CH
3
CHBrCH
2
CH
3
vi KOH d trong C
2
H
5
OH, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c hn hp kh X gm hai olefin trong sn phm chnh chim 80%, sn phm ph chim 20%.
t chy hon ton X thu c bao nhiu lt CO
2
(ktc)?
A. 4,48 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 11,20 lt. D. 17,92 lt.
40. C bao nhiu ng phn cu to ca amin c cng thc phn t C
3
H
9
N?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
41. Cho dy chuyn ha sau:
o
2 4
2
H SO , 170 C
Br (dd)
3 2 3
CH CH CHOHCH E F

Bit E, F l sn phm chnh, cc cht phn ng vi nhau theo t l 1:1 v s mol. Cng thc cu to ca
E v F ln lt l cp cht trong dy no sau y?
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH=CH
2
, CH
3
CH
2
CHBrCH
2
Br.
B. CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
, CH
3
CHBrCHBrCH
3
.
C. CH
3
CH=CHCH
3
, CH
3
CH
2
CBr
2
CH
3
.
D. CH
3
CH
2
CH=CH
2
, CH
2
BrCH
2
CH=CH
2
.
42. Phn t khi trung bnh ca PVC l 750.000. H s polime ha ca PVC l
A. 12.000. B. 15.000. C. 24.000. D. 25.000.
43. Oxi ho 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc X thu c 3 gam axit tng ng (hiu sut phn ng bng
100%). X c cng thc cu to no di y?
A. CH
3
CHO. B. C
2
H
5
CHO.
C.

CH
3
CH(CH
3
)CHO. D. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CHO.
44. Cho dung dch cha a mol Ca(HCO
3
)
2
vo dung dch cha a mol Ca(HSO
4
)
2
. Hin tng quan st c
l
A. si bt kh. B. vn c.
C. si bt kh v vn c. D. vn c, sau trong tr li.
45. Th tch dung dch HCl 0,3M cn trung ho 100ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M
l
A. 100 ml. B. 150 ml. C. 200 ml. D. 250 ml.
46. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt SO
2
(ktc) bng 0,3 mol NaOH. Khi lng mui khan thu c l

47. Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu
c l

VNMATHS.TK

140
48. Cho hn hp X gm hai anehit l ng ng k tip tc dng ht vi H
2
d (Ni, t
o
) thu c hn hp
hai ancol n chc. t chy hon ton hn hp hai ancol ny thu c 11 gam CO
2
v 6,3 gam H
2
O.
Cng thc ca hai anehit l
A. C
2
H
3
CHO, C
3
H
5
CHO. B. C
2
H
5
CHO, C
3
H
7
CHO.
C. C
3
H
5
CHO, C
4
H
7
CHO. D. CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
CHO.
49. Etilen c ln cc tp cht SO
2
, CO
2
, hi nc. C th loi b tp cht bng cch no di y?
A. Dn hn hp i qua bnh ng dung dch brom d.
B. Dn hn hp qua bnh ng dung dch natri clorua d.
C. Dn hn hp ln lt qua bnh ng dung dch NaOH d v bnh ng CaO.
D. Dn hn hp ln lt qua bnh ng dung dch brom d v bnh ng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c.
50. Cho 2,84 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol n chc, l ng ng k tip nhau tc dng va vi Na to
ra 4,6 gam cht rn v V lt kh H
2
(ktc). V c gi tr l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 1,12 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 0,896 lt.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

S 13
1. Trong mt cc nc c cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol

Cl
, d mol HCO
3
. Biu thc lin h gia a,

b, c, d l
A. a + b = c + d. B. 3a + 3b = c + d.
C. 2a + 2b = c + d. D.
1
(a b)
2
+ = c + d.
2. Cho cc ion v nguyn t: Ne (Z=10), Na
+
(Z=11), F
(Z=9) c c im no sau y l chung

141
A. s khi. B. s proton. C. s electron. D. s ntron.
3. Dung dch dm n thng l
A. Dung dch axit axetic 0, 1% n 0, 3%.
B. Dung dch axitmetanoic 2% n 4%.
C. Dung dch axit acrylic 2% n 3%.
D. Dung dch axit etanoic 2% n 5%.
4. A, B l cc kim loi hot ng ha tr (II), thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. Ha tan hn
hp gm 23, 5 gam mui ccbonat ca A v 8, 4 gam mui cacbonat ca B bng dung dch HCl d sau
c cn v in phn nng chy hon ton th thu c 11,8 gam hn hp kim loi catot v V lt kh
anot. Hai kim loi A, B l
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ba v Ra.
5. Hy sp xp cc cp xi ha kh sau y theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi:
(1): Fe
2+
/Fe; (2): Pb
2+
/Pb; (3): 2H
+
/ H
2
; (4): Ag
+
/Ag;
(5): Na
+
/Na; (6): Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
; (7): Cu
2+
/Cu.
A. (5) < (1) < (2) < (3) < (7) < (6) < (4).
B. (4) < (6) < (7) < (3) < (2) < (1) < (5).
C. (5) < (1) < (6) < (2) < (3) < (4) < (7).
D. (5) < (1) < (2) < (6) < (3) < (7) < (4).
6. Mt anehit c cng thc thc nghim l (C
4
H
4
O
3
)
n
. Cng thc phn t ca anehit l
A. C
2
H
2
O
3
. B. C
4
H
4
O
3
. C. C
8
H
8
O
6
. D. C
12
H
12
O
9
.
7. Cho s chuyn ha sau:
A + HCl B + D B + Cl
2
F
E + NaOH H
|
+ NaNO
3
A + HNO
3
E + NO
|
+ D
B + NaOH G
|
+ NaCl G + I + D H
|

Cc cht A, G, H l
A. CuO, CuOH v Cu(OH)
2
. B. FeO, Fe(OH)
2
v Fe(OH)
3
.
C. PbO, PbCl
2
v Pb(OH)
4
.

D. Cu, Cu(OH)
2
v CuOH.
8. Khi cho 17, 4 gam hp kim Y gm st, ng, nhm phn ng ht vi H
2
SO
4
long d ta thu c dung
dch A; 6, 4 gam cht rn; 9, 856 lt kh B 27, 3C v 1 atm. Phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong
hp kim Y l
A. Al 30%, Fe 50% v Cu 20%.
B. Al 30%, Fe 32% v Cu 38%.
C. Al : 31,03%, Fe 32,18% v Cu 36,78%.
D. Al 25%, Fe 50% v Cu 25%.
9. Cho hn hp Y gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200 ml dung dch C cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Khi
phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch D v 8,12 gam cht rn E gm 3 kim loi. Cho bit cht rn E tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,672 lt kh H
2
ktc. Nng mol ca AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2

trong dung dch C l
A. 0,075M v 0,0125M. B. 0,3M v 0,5M.
VNMATHS.TK

142
C. 0,15M v 0,25M. D. kt qu khc.
10. C 100 ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit H
2
SO
4
v HCl c nng tng ng l 0,8M v1,2M. Thm vo
10 gam bt hn hp Fe, Mg, Zn. Sau phn ng xong, ly 1/2 lng kh sinh ra cho i qua ng s
ng a gam CuO nung nng. Sau phn ng xong hon ton, trong ng cn li 14,08 gam cht rn. Khi
lng a l
11. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 4 nhm VI, phn nhm ph c cu hnh e l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4p
4
.

C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4d
4
.

D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
.
12. Cho bit sn phm chnh ca phn ng kh nc ca (CH
3
)
2
CHCH(OH)CH
3
?
A. 2-metylbuten-1. B. 3-metyl buten-1.
C. 2-metylbuten-2. D. 3-metyl buten-2.
13. Cho bit s ng phn no ca ru no, n chc t C
3
n C
5
khi tch nc khng to ra cc anken
ng phn:
A. C
3
H
7
OH : 2 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH

: 3 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH : 3 ng phn.
B. C
3
H
7
OH : 1 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH

: 4 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH : 4 ng phn.
C. C
3
H
7
OH : 3 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH

: 4 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH : 3 ng phn.
D. C
3
H
7
OH : 2 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH

: 3 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH : 4 ng phn.
14. Trong dy ng ng ca ru n chc no, khi mch cacbon tng, ni chung
A. si tng, kh nng tan trong nc tng.
B. si tng, kh nng tan trong nc gim.
C. si gim, kh nng tan trong nc tng.
D. si gim, kh nng tan trong nc gim.
15. Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo trt t tng dn tnh baz: p-X-C
6
H
5
-NH
2
(cc dn xut ca anilin) vi
X l (I)NO
2
, (II)CH
3
, (III)CH=O, (IV)H.
A. I < II < III < IV. B. II < III < IV < I.
C. I < III < IV < II. D. IV < III < I < II.
16. Nhit phn 1,88 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
ri hp th ton b lng kh sinh ra bng H
2
O thu c 2 lt dung
dchA. Tip tc thm vo 100 ml dung dch X : 0,023 gam Na c dung dch B. pH ca dung dch A v
B ln lt l
A. 7-12,7. B. 2-7. C. 3-11. D. 2,2-12.
17. Xt cc loi hp cht hu c mch h sau: Ru n chc, no (A); anehit n chc, no (B); ru n
chc khng no 1 ni i (C), anehit n chc, khng no 1 ni i (D). ng vi cng thc tng qut
C
n
H
2n
O

ch c 2 cht sau:
A. A, B. B. B, C. C. C, D. D. A, D.
18. t chy mt hn hp cc cht thuc dy ng ng anehit thu c s mol CO
2
bng s mol H
2
O th
l dy ng ng
A. Anehit n chc no, mch h.
B. Anehit vng no.
C. Anehit hai chc no.

143
D. Anehit khng no n chc 1 lin kt i.
19. Hp cht hu c X khi un nh vi dung dch AgNO
3
/NH
3
(d) thu c sn phm Y, Y tc dng vi
dung dch HCl cho kh v c A, vi dung dch NaOH ho kh v c B. X l
A. HCHO. B. HCOOH.
C. HCOONH
4
.

D. C A, B, C u ng.
20. Cho 13,6 gam mt hp cht hu c X (C,H,O) tc dng va vi 300 ml dung dch AgNO
3
2M trong
NH
4
OH thu c 43,2 gam bc. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi oxi bng 2,125. Xc nh cng thc cu
to ca X.
A. CH
3
CH
2
CHO. B. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CHO.
C. HCCCH
2
CHO. D. HCCCHO.
21. B tc phn ng sau:
FeO + H
+
+ SO
4
2
SO
2
|
+
A. FeSO
4
+ H
2
O. B. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O.
C. FeSO
4
+ Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O. D. Fe
3+
+ H
2
O.
22. Phn ng gia dung dch Kali pemanganat trong mi trng axit vi ion iodua c biu din bng
phng trnh no di y?
A. 2MnO
4
+ 5I
+16H
+
2Mn
2+
+ 8H
2
O + 5I
2

B. MnO
4
+ 10I
+2H
+
Mn
2+
+ H
2
O + 5I
2
+ 11e

C. 2MnO
4
+ 10I
-
+16H
+
2Mn
2+
+ 8H
2
O + 5I
2

D. MnO
4
+ 2I
+8H
+
Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O + I
2
23. Sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t gim dn nhit si:
CH
3
COOH (1), HCOOCH
3
(2), CH
3
CH
2
COOH (3),
CH
3
COOCH
3
(4), CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH (5).
A. (3) > (5) > (1) > (2) > (4). B. (1) > (3) > (4) > (5) > (2).
C. (3) > (1) > (4) > (5) > (2). D. (3) > (1) > (5) > (4) > (2).
24. C 4 l ng 4 dung dch mt nhn l AlCl
3
, NaNO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
. Nu ch c php dng mt
dung dch mt cht lm thuc th nhn bit th c th chn
A. dd NaOH. B. dd H
2
SO
4
. C. dd Ba(OH)
2
. D. dd AgNO
3
.
25. Hai cht A v B cng c CTPT C
9
H
8
O
2
, cng l dn xut ca benzen, u lm mt mu dung dch nc
Br
2
. A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho 1 mui v 1 anehit, B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho 2 mui
v nc. Cc mui sinh ra u c khi lng phn t ln hn M ca CH
3
COONa. A v B tng ng l
A. CH
2
=CHCOOC
6
H
5
;

HCOOC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
.
B. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
;

CH
2
=CHCOOC
6
H
5
.
C. HCOOCH=CHC
6
H
5
; HCOOC
6
H
4
CH=CH
2
.
D. C
6
H
5
COOCH=CH
2
; HCOOC
6
H
4
CH = CH
2
.
26. Hn hp X gm 0,01 mol HCOONa v a mol mui natri ca hai axit no n chc l ng ng k tip.
t chy hn hp X v cho sn phm (CO
2
, H
2
O)ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H
2
SO
4
c, bnh 2 ng KOH
d, thy khi lng bnh 2 tng nhiu hn bnh 1 nhiu hn bnh mt l 3,51 gam. Phn cht rn Y cn
li sau khi t l Na
2
CO
3
cn nng 2,65 gam. Cng thc phn t ca hai mui natri l
A. CH
3
COONa, C
2
H
5
COONa. B. C
3
H
7
COONa, C
4
H
9
COONa.
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144
C. C
2
H
5
COONa, C
3
H
7
COONa. D. kt qu khc.
27. T bo quang in c ch to t kim loi no trong cc kim loi sau:
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Cs. D. Li.
4
H
8
O
2
vi xc tc axit v c long, thu c 2 sn phm hu
c X, Y(ch cha nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th diu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht.
Cht X l
A. axit axetic. B. Ru etylic. C. Etyl axetat. D. Axit fomic.
29. C 2 hp cht hu c X, Y cha cc nguyn t C, H, O khi lng phn t u bng 74. Bit X tc dng
c vi Na, c X, Y u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. Vy X,
Y c th l
A. C
4
H
9
OH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v HOC
2
H
4
CHO.
C. OHCCOOH v C
2
H
5
COOH. D. OHCCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
.
30. Cht no khng phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
:
A. CH
3
COOH. B. HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. HOCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH. D. CH
3
CHO.
1. C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH (A) + (B)
2. (A) + H
2
SO
4
long (C) + (D)
3. (C) + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O (E) + Ag
|
+NH
4
NO
3

4. (B) + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O (F) + Ag
|
+NH
4
NO
3
Cc cht (B) v (C) theo th t c th l
A. CH
3
CHO v HCOONa. B. CH
3
CHO v HCOOH.
C. HCHO v HCOOH. D. HCHO v CH
3
CHO.
32. Hon thnh s phn ng sau:
CH
2
= CH
2
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
A. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
+ MnO
2
+ KOH. B. CH
3
CHO + MnO
2
+ KOH.
C. CH
3
COOK + MnO
2
+ KOH. D. C
2
H
5
OH + MnO
2
+ KOH.
33. So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau: Ru etylic (1), etylclorua (2), etan(3), axit axetic (4)
A. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4). B. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1).
C. (4) > (1) > (2) > (3). D. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4).
34. Cho cc dung dch:
X
1
: dung dch HCl, X
2
: dung dch KNO
3
,
X
3
: dung dch HCl + KNO
3
, X
4
: dung dch Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
Dung dch no c th ha tan c bt Cu?
A. X
1
, X
4
, X
2
. B. X
3
, X
4
. C. X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
. D. X
3
, X
2
.
35. Crckinh 5,8 gam C
4
H
10
thu c hn hp sn phm X gm H
2
v 6 hirocacbon. t chy 1/2 hn hp
X th lng H
2
O thu c l
A. 13, 5 gam. B. 9 gam. C. 6,3 gam. D. 4,5 gam.
36. Theo nh ngha v axit-baz cc nhm phn t sau y c xc nh ng:
A. Nhm phn t NH
4
+
, SO
4
2
, NO
3
c tnh axit.

145
B. Nhm phn t HCO
3
, S
2
, Al
3+
c tnh baz.
C. Nhm phn t HCO
3
, Cl
, K
+
c tnh trung tnh.
D. Nhm phn t HCO
3
, H
2
O, HS
, Al(OH)
3
c tnh lng tnh.
37. Ngi ta c th dng thuc th theo th t nh th no d nhn bit 3 kh : N
2
, SO
2
, CO
2
?
A. Ch dng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
.
B. Dng dung dch nc vi trong sau dng dung dch KMnO
4
.
C. Dng dung dch Br
2
sau dng dung dch NaHCO
3
.
D. C B v C.
38. Cho Fe c Z = 26. Hi Fe
2+
c cu hnh nh th no?
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
4
4s
2
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4
3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
.
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
. D. p n khc.
39. A l mt este to bi ankanol v mt axit n chc, khng no mch h cha mt lin kt i. Cng thc
phn t tng qut ca A phi l
A. C
x
H
2x-4
O
2
(x>4). B. C
x
H
2x-2
O
2
(x>4).
C. C
x
H
2x
O
2
(x>4). D. C
x
H
2x-4
O
2
(x>3).
40. Hp cht A n chc c cng thc phn t l C
4
H
8
O
2
. S ng phn ca A l
A. 5. B. 7. C. 4. D. 6.
41. Trn 3 dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M; HCl 0,2 M; HNO
3
0,3M vi th tch bng nhau c dung dch A. Cho
300 ml dung dch A tc dng vi V ml dung dch B cha NaOH 0,2 M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M c dung dch
C c pH=1. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,24 lt. B. 0,08 lt. C. 0,16 lt. D. 0,32 lt.
42. t chy hon ton 2,22 gam mt hp cht hu c X thu c 5,28 gam CO
2
v 2,7 gam H
2
O. X phn
ng c vi Na, khng phn ng vi dung dch NaOH. Tm Cng thc phn t ca X v cho bit tt c
cc ng phn cng nhm chc v khc nhm chc ca X ng vi cng thc trn?
A. C
3
H
8
O, c 4 ng phn.
B. C
4
H
10
O v 6 ng phn.
C. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, khng c ng phn.
D. C
4
H
10
O c 7 ng phn.
43. Hon thnh phng trnh phn ng h hc sau:
SO
2
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
Sn phm l
A. K
2
SO
4
, MnSO
4
. B. MnSO
4
, KHSO
4
.
C. MnSO
4
, KHSO
4
, H
2
SO
4
. D. MnSO
4
, K
2
SO
4
, H
2
SO
4
.
44. Cho 1,365 gam mt kim loi kim M tan hon ton vo nc thu c mt dung dch ln hn khi lng
nc ban u l 1,33 gam. Kim loi M dng l
A. Na. B. K. C. Cs. D. Rb.
45. Ha tan hon ton 2,175 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Zn, Mg, Fe vo dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 1,344
lt H
2
(ktc). Khi c cn dung dch ta thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 6,555. B. 6,435. C. 4,305. D. 4,365.
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146
46. trung ha 200 ml dung dch aminoaxit M 0,5M cn 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8%, c cn dung dch
sau phn ng c 16, 3 gam mui khan. M c cng thc cu to l
A. H
2
NCH
2
COOH. B. H
2
NCH(COOH)
2
.

C. H
2
NCH
2
CH(COOH)
2
. D. (H
2
N)
2
CHCOOH.
47. Cho dung dch cha cc ion sau (Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
,

H
+
, Cl
). Mun tch c nhiu cation ra khi

dung dch m khng a ion l vo dung dch, ta c th cho dung dch tc dng vi cht no trong cc
dung dch sau:
A. Dung dch KHCO
3
va . B. Dung dch Na
2
SO
4
va .
C. Dung dch NaOH va . D. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
va .
48. Hp cht hu c C
4
H
7
O
2
Cl khi thy phn trong mi trng kim c cc sn phm trong c hai cht
c kh nng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ng l
A. HCOOCH
2
CHClCH
3
. B. CH
3
COOCH
2
Cl.
C. C
2
H
5
COOCHClCH
3
. D. HCOOCHClCH
2
CH
3
.
49. Trong qu trnh in phn, cc ion m di chuyn v
A. cc m v b in cc kh. B. cc dng v b in cc kh.
C. cc dng v b in cc oxi ha. D. cc m v b in cc oxi ha.
50. Cho 2, 24 lt CO
2
vo 20 lt dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, thu c 6 gam kt ta. Nng ca dung dch
Ca(OH)
2
dng l
A. 0,003M. B. 0,0035M. C. 0,004M. D. 0,003M hoc 0,004M.

B Gio Dc v o To
K thi th i hc(2)

S 14
1. Trong mt cc nc cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
v d mol HCO
3
. Biu thc lin h gia a,

b, c, d l
A. a + b = c + d. B. 3a + 3b = c + d.
C. 2a + 2b = c + d. D.
1
2
(a + b) = c + d.
2. Trong mt cc nc cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
v d mol HCO
3
. Nu ch dng nc vi
trong nng p mol/l lm gim cng trong cc, th ngi ta thy khi cho V lt nc vi trong vo,
cng ca nc trong bnh l b nht, bit c = d. Biu thc lin h gia a, b v p l

147
A. V = (b + a)/2p. B. V = (2a + b)/p.
C. V = (3a + 2b)/2p. D. V = (2b + a)/p.
3. Phng php no sau y dng iu ch kim loi kim?
A. in phn dung dch mui clorua / mng ngn xp.
B. in phn nng chy mui clorua.
C. in phn nng chy Hiroxit ca kim loi kim.
D. C hai p n B, C u ng.
4. A, B l cc kim loi hot ng ha tr II, thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. Ha tan hn hp
gm 23,5 gam cacbonat ca A v 8,4 gam mui cacbonat ca B bng dung dch HCl d c cn v
in phn nng chy hon ton cc mui th thu c 11,8 gam hn hp kim loi catot v V lt khi
anot. Hai kim loi A v B l
A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Sr v Ba. D. Ba v Ra.
5. Hy sp xp cc cp oxi ha kh sau y theo th t tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi:
(1): Fe
2+
/Fe; (2): Pb
2+
/Pb; (3): 2H
+
/H
2
; (4): Ag
+
/Ag;
(5): Na
+
/Na; (6): Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
; (7): Cu
2+
/Cu.
A. (5) < (1) < (2) < (3) < (7) < (6) < (4).
B. (4) < (6) < (7) < (3) < (2) < (1) < (5).
C. (5) < (1) < (6) < (2) < (3) < (4) < (7).
D. (5) < (1) < (2) < (6) < (3) < (7) < (4).
6. So snh tnh axit ca cc cht sau y:
CH
2
ClCH
2
COOH (1), CH
3
COOH (2),
CH
3
CH
2
COOH (3), CH
3
CHClCOOH (4)
A. (3) > (2) > (1 ) > (4). B. (4) > (1 ) > (2) > (3).
C. (4) > (1) > (3) > (2). D. (1 ) > (4) > (3) > (2).
A + HCl B + D B + Cl
2
F
E + NaOH H
|
+ NaNO
3
A + HNO
3
E + NO
|
+ D
B + NaOH G
|
+ NaCl G + I + D H
|

Cc cht A, G v H l
A. CuO, CuOH v Cu(OH)
2
. B. FeO, FeCl
2
v Fe(OH)
3
.
C. PbO, PbCl
2
v Pb(OH)
4
. D. Cu, Cu(OH)
2
v CuOH.
8. Khi cho 17,4 gam hp kim Y gm st, ng, nhm phn ng ht vi H
2
SO
4
long d ta c dung dch
A; 6,4 gam cht rn; 9,856 lt kh B 27,3
o
C v 1atm. Phn trm khi lng mi kim loi trong hp kim
Y l
A. Al: 30%; Fe: 50% v Cu: 20%.
B. Al: 30%; Fe: 32% v Cu: 38%
C. Al: 31,03%; Fe: 32,18% v Cu: 36,78%.
D. Al: 25%; Fe: 50% v Cu: 25%.
9. Cho hn hp Y gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200ml dung dch C cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Khi
phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch D v 8,12 gam cht rn E gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn E tc
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148
dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,672 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Nng mol ca AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2

trong dung dch C l
A. 0,075M v 0,0125M. B. 0,3M v 0,5M.
C. 0,15M v 0,25M. D. 0,2M v 0,6M.
10. ha tan hon ton 10 gam bt hn hp Fe, Mg, Zn cn 100 ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit H
2
SO
4
v
HCl c nng tng ng l 0,8M v 1,2M. Sau khi phn ng xong, ly 1/2 lng kh sinh ra cho i qua
ng s ng a gam CuO nung nng. Sau khi phn ng kt thc trong ng cn li 14,08 gam cht rn.
Khi lng a l
11. Nguyn t X thuc chu k 3 nhm IV. Cu hnh electron ca X l
A. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
4
. B. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
2
.
C. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3d
2
. D. 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3d
4
.
12. Cho bit sn phm chnh ca phn ng kh nc ca (CH
3
)
2
CHCH(OH)CH
3
?
A. 2-metyl buten-1 B. 3-metyl buten-1.
C. 2-metyl buten-2. D. 3-metyl buten-2.
13. Cho bit s ng phn no ca ru no, n chc t C
3
n C
5
khi tch nc khng to ra cc anken
ng phn?
A. C
3
H
7
OH: 2 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH: 3 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH: 3 ng phn.
B. C
3
H
7
OH: 1 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH: 4 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH: 4 ng phn.
C. C
3
H
7
OH: 3 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH: 4 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH: 3 ng phn.
D. C
3
H
7
OH: 2 ng phn; C
4
H
9
OH: 3 ng phn; C
5
H
11
OH: 4 ng phn
14. Trong dy ng ng ru n chc no, khi mch cacbon tng, ni chung
A. si tng, kh nng tan trong nc tng.
B. si tng, kh nng tan trong nc gim
C. si gim, kh nng tan trong nc tng.
D. si gim, kh nng tan trong nc gim.
15. Hy sp xp cc cht sau y theo trt t tng dn tnh baz: NH
3
, CH
3
NH
2
, C
6
H
5
NH
2
; (CH
3
)
2
NH v
(C
6
H
5
)
2
NH
A. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH < NH
3
< C
6
H
5
NH
2
< (CH
3
)
2
NH < CH
3
NH.
B. (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH < C
6
H
5
NH
2
< NH
3
< CH
3
NH
2
< (CH
3
)
2
NH.
C. (CH
3
)
2
NH < CH
3
NH
2
< NH
3
< C
6
H
5
NH
2
< (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH.
D. (CH
3
)
2
NH > CH
3
NH
2
> NH
3
< C
6
H
5
NH
2
> (C
6
H
5
)
2
NH.
16. Nhit phn 1,88 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
ri hp th ton b lng kh sinh ra bng H
2
O c 2 lt dung dch A.
pH ca dung dch A l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 3. D. 2,2.
17. Xt cc loi hp cht hu c mch h sau: Ru n chc, no (A); anehit n chc, no (B); ru n
chc, khng no 1 ni i (C); anehit n chc, khng no 1 ni i (D). ng vi cng thc tng qut
C
n
H
2n
O ch c 2 cht sau:
A. A, B. B. B, C. C. C, D. D. A, D.
18. t chy mt hn hp cc cht thuc dy ng ng anehit ta thu c s mol CO
2
= s mol H
2
O th
l dy ng ng

149
A. anehit non chc mch h.
B. anehit vng no.
C. anehit hai chc no.
D. Anehit khng no n chc cha 1 lin kt i.
19. Hp cht hu c X khi un nh vi dung dch AgNO
3
/ NH
3
(dng d) thu c sn phm Y, Y tc dng
vi dung dch HCl kh v c A, Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho kh v c B. X l
A. HCHO. B. HCOOH.
C. HCOONH
4
20. Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (C, H, O) tc dng va vi 300 ml dung dch AgNO
3
2M trong
NH
4
OH thu c 43,2 gam bc. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi oxi bng 2,125. Xc nh cng thc cu
to ca X.
A. CH
3
CH
2
CHO. B. CH
2
=CHCH
2
CHO.
C. HCCCH
2
CHO. D. HCCCHO.
21. B tc phn ng sau:
FeO + H
+
+ SO
4
2
SO
2
|
+ ...
A. FeSO
4
+ H
2
O B. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O.
C. FeSO
4
+ Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ H
2
O D. Fe
3+
+ H
2
O
22. Phn ng gia dung dch kali pemanganat trong mi trng axit vi ion iodua c biu din bng
phng trnh no di y?
A. 2MnO
4
+ 5I
+ 16H
+
2Mn
2+
+ 8H
2
O + 5I
2

B. MnO
4
+ 10I
+ 2H
+
Mn
2+
+ H
2
O + 5I
2
+ 11e
C. 2MnO
4
+ 10I
+ 16H
+
2Mn
2+
+ 8H
2
O + 5I
2

D. MnO
4
+ 2I
+ 8H
+
Mn
2+
+ 4H
2
O + I
2

23. Sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t tng dn nhit si: CH
3
COOH (1), HCOOCH
3
(2),
CH
3
CH
2
COOH (3), CH
3
COOCH
3
(4), CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH (5)
A. (3) > (5) > (1 ) > (2) > (4). B. (1 ) > (3) > (4) > (5) > (2).
C. (3) > (1) > (4) > (5) > (2). D. (3) > (1) > (5) > (4) > (2).
24. Sp xp cc hiroxit theo chiu tng dn tnh baz:
A. NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)
2
, Be(OH)
2
.
B. Mg(OH)
2
,

NaOH, KOH, Be(OH)
2
.
C. Mg(OH)
2
, Be(OH)
2
,

KOH, NaOH.
D. Be(OH)
2
, Mg(OH)
2
,

NaOH, KOH.
25. Cht va tc dng c vi Na, NaOH l
A. CH
3
CH
2
OH. B. CH
3
COOH.
C. HCOOCH
3
. D. HOCH
2
CH
2
CH=O
26. Hn hp X gm 0,01 mol HCOONa v a mol mui natri ca hai axit no n chc l ng ng lin tip.
t chy hn hp X v cho sn phm chy (CO
2
, hi nc) ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H
2
SO
4
c bnh 2
ng KOH thy khi lng bnh 2 tng nhiu hn bnh mt l 3,51 gam. Phn cht rn Y cn li sau khi
t l Na
2
CO
3
cn nng 2,65 gam. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai mui natri.
VNMATHS.TK

150
A. CH
3
COONa v C
2
H
5
COONa. B. C
3
H
7
COONa v C
4
H
9
COONa.
C. C
2
H
5
COONa v C
3
H
7
COONa. D. Kt qu khc.
27. T bo quang in c ch to t kim loi no trong cc kim loi sau:
A. Na. B. Ca. C. Cs. D. Li.
4
H
8
O
2
vi xc tc axit v c long, thu c hai sn phm hu
c X, Y (ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy
nht. Cht X l
A. axit axetic. B. ru etylic. C. etyl axetat. D. axit fomic.
29. C 2 hp cht hu c (X), (Y) cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, khi lng phn t u bng 74. Bit (X) tc
dng c vi Na, c (X), (Y) u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
Vy X, Y c th l
A. C
4
H
9
OH v HCOOC
2
H
5
. B. CH
3
COOCH
3
v HOC
2
H
4
CHO.

C. OHCCOOH v C
2
H
5
COOH. D. OHCCOOH v HCOOC
2
H
5
.
30. Cht no khng phn ng c vi Cu(OH)
2
?
A. CH
3
COOH. B. HOCH
2
CH
2
OH.
C. HOCH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH. D. CH
3
CH=O.
31. Cho s chuyn ho sau:
1). C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH (A) + (B)
2). (A) + H
2
SO
4 long
(C) + (D)
3). (C) + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O (E) + Ag
|
+ NH
4
NO
3
4). (B) + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O (F) + Ag
|
+ NH
4
NO
3
Cc cht B v C (theo th t) c th l
A. CH
3
CHO v HCOONa. B. CH
3
CHO v HCOOH.
C. HCHO v HCOOH. D. HCHO v CH
3
CHO.
32. Cho phn ng sau:
CH
2
=CH
2
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
Cc cht sinh ra sau phn ng l
A. C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, MnSO
4
, K
2
SO
4
, H
2
O.
B. CH
3
CHO, MnSO
4
, K
2
SO
4
, H
2
O.
C. CH
3
COOH, MnO, K
2
SO
4
, H
2
O.
D. CH
3
COOH, MnSO
4
, K
2
SO
4
, H
2
O
33. So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau: ru etylic (1), etyl clorua(2), etan (3) v axit axetic (4).
A. (1 ) > (2) > (3) > (4). B. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1).
C. (4) > (1) > (2) > (3). D. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4).
34. Cho cc dung dch X
1
: dung dch HCl; X
2
: dung dch KNO
3
; X
3
: dung dch HCl + KNO
3
; X
4
: dung dch
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Dung dch no c th ho tan c bt Cu?
A. X
1
, X
4
, X
2
. B. X
3
, X
4
.
C. X
1
, X
2
, X
3
, X
4
. D. X
3
, X
2
.

10 PP Giai Hoa Va 25 de Thi Mau 4592

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1

+ CO 4,784 gam B (Fe, Fe

+ 100 ml dung dch Y

mol e 0,075 mol 0,025 mol

= 2 0,15 4 0,1 10 0,05 + + = 1,2 mol. (p n D)

to mui bng 0,1 + 3 0,1 = 0,4 mol;

to mui bng 0,88 (0,08 + 0,08) = 0,72 mol.

. Biu thc no biu th s lin

cng thc tng qut ca B l (CH)

. Mi dung dch ch cha

ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H

. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong X

. Biu thc lin h gia a,

(Z=9) c c im no sau y l chung

). Mun tch c nhiu cation ra khi

. Biu thc lin h gia a,

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