You are on page 1of 100

B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC QUY NHN

CHUYN
NG DNG TIN HC
TRONG GING DY TON TRNG THPT

H ni 26/3/2009

CNG NGH THNG TIN V S PHT TRIN CA GI DC 1.Lp hc vi my tnh -L mt pht trin t nhin v k tha m hnh ca lp hc BNG EN tn ti hng trm nm nay. -C s tr gip tch cc ca my vi tnh ng vai tr cng c h tr cho qu trnh DY v HC. -V iu quan trng nht vi s gip ca cng ngh tin hc,gio vin c th thay i,i mi phng php,cng ngh dy hc vi mc ch cui cng l lm cho hc sinh ch ng hn,nm kin thc nhanh hn ,tt hn. y l m hnh lp hc hin i v tin tin nht hin nay, v ang c tt c cc quc gia trn th gii,nghin cu,th nghim theo nhiu phng thc v cng ngh khc nhau. 2.Khng hong gio dc v vai tr ca my tnh: Khng hong gio dc khng chi din ra mt vi nc ring l m quy m ton th gii.Vit nam cng khng ng ngoi tnh trng khng hong ny.Khng hong gio dc bt ngun t mt thc t hin nhin rng h thng gio dc hin ti khng p ng c nhu cu tm hiu,nm bt kin thc v k nng cng ngh ca cng dn.H thng gio dc thc s lc hu so vi nhu cu pht trin ca x hi.C th k ra y mt vi yu t chnh tc ng v to thnh s khng hong gio dc ny: - Nn kinh t hng ha,sn xut chuyn mnh sang Dich v. - Nn kinh t t ch ph thuc chnh vo vn(tin) chuyn sang ph thuc vo tri thc v thng tin. - Cc giao dch dn s xut hin ngy cng nhiu thng qua mng v h thng lin kt in t. Cc nguyn nhn trc tip ca khng hong gio dc hin nay: - khi lng kin thc qu ln. - Yu cu kin thc v k nng lm vic ti thiu ngy mt cao. - Phng php ging dy v truyn t trong nh trng khng i mi ph hp. gii quyt cuc khng hong gio dc hin nay c hai cch gii quyt sau: Tm kim v i mi phng php ging dy mi ph hp hn vi nhu cu v

mi trng gio dc hin i.nh hng chung ca cc phng php ging dy mi l chuyn t m hnh BNG EN vi vai tr c din ca gio vin sang m hnh CNG TC thn thin gia gio vin v hc sinh vi s tr gip c lc ca my tnh v phn mm gio dc. Tng cng vai tr ca cc cng c h tr ging dy,trong c bit ch n vai tr ca my tnh trong lp hoc mi. My tnh ng vai tr gii quyt khng hong gio dc: My tnh v phn mm my tnh ng vai tr trung tm v rt quan trng gii quyt cc khng hong gio dc hin nay.Trong mc ny chng ti ch nu ra mt s tnh nng quan trng m phn mm my tnh c th lm c v cc tnh nng ny l rt cn thit trong m hnh i mi gio dc hin nay. - Hc mi ni mi lc. - Linh hot , thch ng mi c nhn cho ngi gii cng nh cho hc sinh c bit - Hc sinh chu ng tng tc vi chng trnh,kin thc thng qua vic hi thoi vi phn mm. - Vi my tnh,hc sinh c th c hc tt c cc loi kin thc,k nng cn c theo yu cu m trn lp hc thc t khng p ng ni. - Hnh nh p,m thanh sng ng,m phng cc hin tng t nhin chnh xc to cm gic hc tp ch ng ,hp dn,d dng tip thu kin thc. - Khng cn hc thuc lng , c th tra cu thng tin nhanh v rng ln. - C kh nng trao i kin thc vi bn hc hoc vi gio vin,khng hn ch khng gian v thi gian. - My tnh nh gi kin thc rt cng bng v sng sut. - My tnh h tr gio vin ging bi. - Gim chi ph hc tp v hc sinh khng cn hc tp trung. 3. Vai tr ca phn mm gio dc: Nhim v trung tm nht ca mi nn gio dc l truyn t kin tc cho hc sinh. Kin thc c gio vin lnh hi trc v nm trong u ca gio vin trc khi dy. Nhim v chnh ca gio vin l truyn ti kin thc ny sang u ca hc sinh,bng phng tin

no khng quan trng.iu quan trng nht l kin thc phi truyn ti c. Gio vin c nhim v truyn t kin thc v c s dng bt c hnh thc loi phng tin no c th c t c mc ch ca mnh.Phng tin s dng c th l bng en,phn,thc k,cc dng c th nghim v cc vt mu . Nh vy cc phng tin c gio vin s dng ng vai tr nh mt phng tin tr gip gio vin ging dy hay cn c tn gi l thit b gio dc.Ngoi chc nng phng tin h tr ging dy,phn mm cn c th ng vai tr quan trng khc na trong qu trnh ging dy truyn t kin thc nh sch gio khoa,gio vin hng dn ,qun l ging dy,nh gi kin thc,. . .tuy nhin trong khun kh ca bi hc ny chng ta s ch yu nhc n vai tr nh mt phng tin h tr ging dy ca gio vin ca phn mm gio dc.y l mt trong nhng nh hng chnh ca cc phn mm gio dc trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam.

nh gi mt tit hc tit dy hc c ng dng CNTT


Trong thc tin dy hc ph thng hin nay,c nhiu kin khc nhau v nh gi cht lng ng dng CNTT trong dy hc.nhiu tit hc s dng cng c trnh chiu powerpoint (pp) rt hp dn,nhng hiu qu s phm khng cao,hc sinh ch theo di hnh nh chiu trn mn hnh,cha kt hp ghi chp v v tt nhin khng c cc hot ng hc tp c nhn.Cc tit hc ny i khi vn c nh gi cao.Chng ta cn a ra nhng tiu ch nh gi tit hc c ng dng CNTT &TT nh hng cho vic s dngCNTT&TT trong dy hc ph thng. 1.nh gi vic la chon ch ng dng CNTT: trong ton b chng trnh,khng phi bt c ch no cng phi ng dng CNTT&TT .trong trng hp ch dy hc ch cn ti cc thit b truyn thng th dt khot khng s dng CNTT&TT . Vic s dng CNTT&TT s khng ch tn km m c kh nng lm gim cht lng tit dy hc. Tit hc c la chn phi c tnh hung dy hc ng dng CNTT&TT c hin qu. 2.nh gi vic la chn phn mm dy hc (PMDH):

Khi xc nh ch cn ng dng CNTT&TT ,s c nhiu PMDH c th s dng phc v tit dy hc ny. GV cn cn c vo u nhc im ca tng PMDH v i chiu vi cc yu cu ca tit hc c th m quyt nh la chn PMDH tt nht hin c.Vic chn PMDH cha thch hp cng nh hng ln ti cht lng dy hc. 3. nh gi s am hiu v k nng s dng PMDH ca GV : Mi PMDH yu cu k nng s dng ring, chng c h thng giao din,hn thng cc menu v c th vin d liu tng ng .GV cn nm vng cc thao tc s dng chnh PMDH ny.khng nhng th,GV cn hiu r nhng tnh hung s phm s dng PMDH ny.C nhiu tnh hung ch cn vi phng tin truyn thng n gin r tin,nhng GV vn c dng ti my tnh in t.C nhiu trng hp cn ti t chc hot ng hc tp c nhn v nhm th GV li trnh chiu powerpoint (PPT) theo kiu dy hc ng lot.Cng c trng hp GV khng bit t chc cho HS ghi chp khi trnh chiu cc slide ca PP.Tt c cc trng hp trn khng th nh gi cao c,v n gy phn tc dng trong vic ng dng CNTT&TT trng ph thng. 4. nh gi k nng t chc hot ng hc tp ca hc sinh : i mi phng php dy hc:trong cc tnh hung dy hc c s dng PMDH ,GV phi c k nng t chc hot ng hc tp cho HS ; t chc hc tp ng lot ,hc tp theo nhm hoc hc tp c nhn mt cch ph hp.Bit s dng PMDH trong vic i mi PPDH . c bit lu n cc phng php dy hc mi nhm tch cc ha hot ng ca HS. PMDH c s dng ng ch,ng lc khng b lm dng,trong trng hp ch cn cc phng tin dy hc r tin hn th khng lm dng CNTT&TT. 5. nh gi hiu qu cui cng: y l tiu ch nh gi ht sc quan trng.Tiu ch yu cu phi xc nh l hiu qu ca tit dy hc. HS hng th hc tp hn,thc s hot ng tch cc trong hc tp,kin thc k nng t c qua tit dy hc c CNTT&TT phi tt hn khi dy bng phng php truyn thng.

Xy dng bi ging in t
1.Cu trc bi ging in t
Bi ging in t c nhng nt ph hp vi bi dy hc truyn thng. Tuy nhin cng cn phi thy c s khc bit r nht v l u im ca bi ging in t l :ngoi kh nng trnh by l thuyt ,n cho php trnh by phn minh ha v thc hin kim tra li tng vn nh ,iu m trong bi ging truyn thng kh thc hin . Thng qua cu trc ny ,mt bi ging in t cn thc hin c : - tnh a phng tin (multimedia):l s kt hp ca cc phng tin khc nhau dng trnh by thng tin thu ht ngi hc ,bao gm vn bn (text),m thanh(sound),hnh nh ha(image/graphics),phim minh ha ,thc nghim. . . - Tnh tng tc :S tr gip a phng tin ca my tnh cho php ngi thy v ngi hc khai thc cc i thoi,xem xt ,khm ph cc vn ,a ra cu hi v nhn xt v cu tr li.

2. Cc yu cu i vi mt bi ging in t
2.1. Yu cu v phn ni dung : Cn trnh by ni dung vi l thuyt c ng c minh ha sinh ng v c tnh tng tc cao r nt m phng php ging bng li kh din t . 2.2. Yu cu v phn cu hi gii p: Bi ging in t cn th hin mt s cu hi,vi mc ch: * Gii thiu ch mi. * Kim tra nh gi ngi hc c hiu ni dung (tng phn ,ton bi) va trnh by khng? * Lin kt mt ch dy trc vi ch hin ti hay k tip. Cu hi cn c thit k s dng tnh a phng tin kch thch ngi hc vn ng tr no tm cu tr li. Phn gii p cng phi c thit k sn trong bi ging in t nhm mc ch : + Vi cu tr li ng : Th hin s tn thng nng nhit, c v v kch thch lng t ho ca ngi hc . + Vi cu tr li sai :

- Thng bo li v gi ch sai bng cch nhc nh v cho quay li phn mc bi hc cn thit theo quy trnh s phm ngi hc ch ng tm ti cu tr li. - a ra mt gi ,hoc ch ra im sai ca cu tr li ,nhc nh chn mc hc , ngi hc tm ra cu tr li. - Cui cng a ra mt gii p hon chnh. 2.3. Yu cu v phn th hin khi thit k: Cc ni dung chun b ca hai ni dung trn khi th hin trnh by,cn m bo yu cu: + y : C yu cu ni dung bi hc. + Chnh xc : m bo khng c thng tin sai st. + Trc quan: Hnh v ,m thanh,bng biu trc quan,sinh ng hp dn ngi hc.

3. Cc bc xy dng bi ging in t
Cn ch cc bc quan trng sau: 3.1. La chn ch dy hc ph hp . 3.2. Bc u xy dng kch bn. Bc 1: Xy dng m hnh th hin cc thnh t ca ni dung dy hc. Bc 2: M hnh ha qu trnh dy hc,th hin cc yu t HS v cc i tng khc trong mi trng tng tc , hot ng tng tc trong tng pha dy hc. Bc 3: Hnh dung vic thc hin cc thnh t trn mn hnh vi tnh,cch th hin cc thng tin,th hin cc hiu ng phn hi trong tng pha dy hc;th t cc pha dy hc Bc 4: M t ton b cc pha dy hc theo trt t tuyn tnh ha. 3.3. Thc hin xy dng PMDH theo kch bn. - Xy dng cc d liu cn thit nh nh 3D,on text,m thanh,video, . . . - Tch hp cc d liu trong tng pha dy hc,lp trnh to cc hiu ng trong cc tng tc cc pha dy hc 3.4. Kim th Kim tra li ton b chng trnh,th li cc tng tc cng cc hiu ng. Thng thng vic ny c thc hin nh mt vi GV c kinh nghim v ch la chn. 3.5. Hon thin

Sau tit hc c th vi bi ging in t,nh gi hiu qu ca tit hc v sa li kch bn.

MT VI LU VI WINDOW EXPLORER V MS OFFICE


I. NG K M MT FILE TRONG WINDOW EXPLORER Khi ta ci t mt phn mm mi th vic ng k vi window v qun l cc file sinh ra do phn mm ny sy ra trong qu trnh ci t.Nhng nu mt phn mm chy trc tip m khng ci t ( nh wingeom,Mayura,Geosketpad,capbri Geometry II . . .) th khi ta kch chut vo cc file sinh ra bi cc phn mm ny,window s i hi ta phi ng k vi window l dng file EXE no chy.Qu trnh ng k theo trnh t sau : 1. Nu dung lng phn mm EXE khng qu ln th ta nn chp n vo vo th mc m ta cha cc file vn bn. 2. Kch chut vo file cn m. 3. Khi window khng m c file ny s hi,khai bo select from a list

4. Chn browse ch ti ni cha phn mm m file,nh chn ch Always use the seclected program to open this kind of file

5. Nhp chn file chy chng trnh,chn open

II. A MT HNH V VO VN BN WORD HOC POWERPOINT (PPT)

IV. CHP NH MN HNH VI MWSNAP Khi mun ly mt hnh nh xut hin trn mn hnh my tnh a vo vn bn word hoc PPT ta c th s dng MWSnap300.y l mt phn mm min ph,kch hot chy ngay(khng cn ci t),c trong th mc Othertoos/snap300 ca CD hc tp.cc bc th hin nh sau: 1. Kch hot Snap300

2. Trong hp thoi tip theo chn Any rect.area

3. Thu nh mn hnh ca Snap(kch vo gc cao bn tri mn hnh) 4. Mi khi cn chp mt hnh no th bm t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+A. 5. Trong mn hnh xut hin ca Snap,kch chn copy

6. M file word hoc PPT v paste vo.

GRAPH
Graph l phn mn v th 2 chiu min ph c nhiu chc nng ,cht lng hnh v tt ,phin bn mi nht l Graph 4.3 cho php v th ng theo tham s,c giao din ting vit. 1. Khai bo s dng giao din ting vit : T thanh cng c vo edit- -> options - -> - -> Language - -> Vietnammese. 2. Khai bo h trc ta (cho ln s dng u tin) Trong ln u tin s dng ta kch chn vo biu tng c hnh h trc ta trn thanh menu

Tip theo khai bo trc x v trc y nh hnh v sau ( mi khi khai bo xong kch chn Save as default)

Trong khai bo thng s ,b ch hin th li ch gii:

Ri chn mu sc

3. Khai bo v th hm s

Kch chn biu tng c hnh th trong hp thoi tip theo ,khai bo phng trnh hm s,min gii hn ca i s,chn ch ng cong biu din l nt lin hay nt t,chn mu ca th v dy.Cui cng chn OK. v mt th na trn cng h trc ta li kch chn biu tng th v tin hnh nh trn,lu nn chn mu sc khc v ch nt lin-nt t khc.

Trng hp th hm n (xc nh bi 1 phng trnh hai bin)th phi vo hm s ri kch chn Chn mi quan h

Trong hp thoi chn mi quan h nhp phng trnh hm n

v mt th ng theo tham s ta kch chn vo hm s ri kch chn dng cui cng

Trong hp thoi tip theo g tn cc tham s v gi tr ban u ca chng. v th c tham s ta nhp phng trnh mt cch bnh thng vi cc tham s.

hin phng trnh ca hm s t ca s hm s ta kch chn chn nhn ,tip theo nhp phng trnh ca hm s c tham s vo hp thoi Tn,cc tham s cho vo trong hai du ngoc trn v t sau du %. kch hot cc tham s thay i (dn n th thay i), chn Tnh t thanh menu ri kch chn Hiu ng,tip theo chn tham s cn thay i v khong thay i ca

tng tham s.

Kch chn Animate,thay i t ng hoc bng chut trong ca s tip theo.

son cng thc ton hc bn click vo nt c ch OLE nh hnh sau:

Hp thoi chn i tng hin ra ,bn chn Microsoft Equation 3.0(nh trong word) v son hm s vo sau khi ng Microsoft Equation v hp thoi son tn,kt qu nh hnh di y:

3. Kt xut ra nh dn vo word hoc powerpoint:

Kch chn edit,chn copy Image ri m

Cng c th kt xut ra file nh bng cch tip ni cn lu file.

file word hoc PPT v paste(Ctrl+I) vo. kch chn file,ri chn save as Image,chn

Nhng mt hnh v bng graph vo mt slide ca PPT: To mt slide ca powerpoint cn nhng file graph,chn menu Insert/object khi hp thoi chn i tng hin ra Chn graph system v bm ok.

Khi ca s graph hin ra v bn lm vic nh bnh thng sau khi ng graph li th slide powerpoint nh sau:

Mun chnh sa li ,bn nhy p vo cha th ,ca s graph hin ra cho ta chnh sa li.

4.Cc i tng lin quan n th


4.1. ng tip tuyn / ng vung gc v ng tip tuyn (ng vung gc) cho th va v ,bn c th lm nh sau: Thc hin lnh Fuction/Insert tangent/normal: - Nhp honh ca tip im. - Thay i cc thng s lin quan nh mu sc,kiu nt ti cc mc tng ng. - Chn mc tangent nu mun v ng tip tuyn ,chn nomal v ng vung gc ti im chn. Kch nt OK v hnh. 4.2. T bng nn t nn cho vng c chn bn thc hin nh sau: - Chn lnh Function/Insert shade. - Chn gii hn t mu trong nhn shading: + Between function and x-aixs(t mu gii hn gia th v trc honh). + Below function ( bn di th). + Above function (bn trn th). + Between function and y-axis (t mu gii hn gia th hm s v trc tung ). + Inside function (bn trong th hm s).

+ Between function (vng gii hn gia th cc cc hm . - Chn nhn options nu mun thay i kiu dng hay mu sc ca phn t. - Nu chn gii hn t mu l Between fuction th trong nhn 2nd function bn phi chn hm s th hai t danh sch cc hm s. 4.3. Chn thm cc im chn thm cc im vo h trc ta b c th thc hin theo hai cch : Cch 1: - Chn lnh Function /Insert point series. - Nhp honh v tung ca cc im vo hai ct X,Y . - nh dng mu sc v hnh dng ca cc im trong phn Line . - Kch nt OK v cc im . Cch 2: - T menu file chn lnh Import/ point series. - Xc nh file d liu cha ta cc im .File d liu c nhiu dng,mi dng l ta ca mt im vi honh v tung ngn cch nhau bi du hoc du Tab . - Kch nt open chuyn nhp. 4.4. V th hm s i qua cc im cho trc Sau khi thm im trn h trc ta ,cc bn c th v th ca cc hm s tha nm ta cc im thng qua lnh Insert trendline.. - Thc hin lnh Function / Insert trendline . - Chn kiu th ca hm s i qua cc im trong nhn built-in. + Linear: V th ca hm s c dng f(x)=a*x+b . + Logarithmic : V th ca hm s c dng f(x)=a*ln(x)+b. + Polynomial : V th ca hm s c dng f(x)=an*x^n+. . .+a3*x^3+a2*x^2+a1*x+a0. + Power : V th ca hm s c dng f(x)=a*x^b. + Exponential : V th ca hm s c dng f(x)=a*b^x.(vi a,b l cc hng s c tnh ton sao cho th hm s i qua c tt c cc im).

- Nu mun xc nh cc hm s theo mt dng c nh (t nh ngha)bn chn nhn User defined . - Xc nh kiu hm t danh sch .hm c nhp s l nhng hm chun vi cc hng s c chng trnh xc nh thng qua du $ ( v d $a,$y0,$const).khi chng trnh s thc hin vic tnh ton tm ra cc hng s ph hp nht tha mn th hm s i qua cc im. 4.5. Chn o hm bc nht v th o hm bc nht ca mt hm s bn lm nh sau: - Thc hin lnh function/Insert f(x) . - Xc nh v hnh dng ,mu sc ,. . .ca th trong cc mc tng ng. - Kch nt OK v hnh .

5. Tnh ton trong chng trnh


5.1.Tnh cc gi tr ca hm s - Thc hin lnh Calc/Evalute. . . - Chn kiu gi tr cn xc nh trong mc Snap to: + Function (Tnh cc gi tr ca hm s thng qua gi tr tham s c nhp). + Intersection (Tnh gi tr ca hm s ti giao im ca cc th ). + X-axis (Tnh gi tr hm s ti cc giao im ca th vi trc honh). + Extremum: Tnh gi tr hm s ti cc im cc tr . - Sau khi chn kiu v nhp gi tr cc tham s ,trn h trc ta s xut hin cc ng thng nh du ta ca tham s trong th,bn c th s dng chut (di chut hoc kch chut) di chuyn n cc im khc trn ta . 5.2. Tnh din tch - Thc hin lnh Calc/area. - Lnh ny ch thc hin c vi cc hm chun v cc hm cc: + Hm chun : Kt qu tr v l din tch vng c bao bi th hm s v trc honh trong gii hn c a ra. + Hm cc : Kt qu tr v l din tch vng c bao bi th hm s.

5.3. Tnh di th - Thc hin lnh Calc / Length. - Lnh ny s tnh khong cch gia hai im thuc hm s dc theo th.Bn c th nhp gi tr ca hai im hoc s dng chut nh du hai im cn tnh khong cch. 5.4 To bng gi tr - Thc hin lnh Calc / Table. - Nhp gii hn gi tr ca tham s. - Kch nt Calc ,chng trnh s t ng tnh v in vo bng cc gi tr ca hm s c tnh theo tham s.

Thc hnh:
1 . V th ca cc hm s quen bit ph thng ri a vo word v powerpoint. 2 . Dy th hm s y=| f(x) |,trc nghim th lin quan. 3 . Dy th hm s y=f(|x|),trc nghim th lin quan. 4 . Dy trc nghim th : Nhn bit th hm s,nhn bit th hm s chn,hm s l, th hm s c hm s ngc.

HNG DN S DNG GEOMETERS SKETCHPAD GSP


1. im
1.1. im trn i tng To mt im ngu nhin trn mt hoc i tng chn,bn c th di chuyn im ny nhng im ny phi lun nm trn i tng to ra n.V d im c to ra trn mt ng trn th im phi lun nm trn ng trn ,v ch c th di chuyn im ny

chy trn ng trn.Trn i tng m bn mun xy dng mt im nm trn n,chn lnh ly im. 1.2 . Giao im Chn hai i tng m bn mun xy dng im giao ca hai i tng bng cng c chn ,thc hin lnh: Construct - ->Intersection. 1.3. trung im Chn hai im ,vo Construct - ->Segment - -> midpoint

2. ng thng
2.2. ng thng vung gc Chn mt (hoc nhiu) im v chn mt (hoc nhiu) on thng(tia),ng thng bng cng c chn.thc hin lnh : Construct - ->prependicular Line. 2.3. ng thng song song Chn mt im v chn mt on thng(tia thng),ng thng bng cng c chn.Thc hin lnh Construct - ->parallel Line. 2.4. ng phn gic Chn 3 im bng cng c chn.Thc hin lnh Construct - ->Angle Bisector.

3. Xy dng cc i tng l cung trn


3.1. ng trn i qua Tm v im Chn im th nht( tm ng trn),chn im th hai(im nm trn ng trn) bng cng c chn.Thc hin lnh Construct - ->Circle By Center and Point. 3.2. ng trn i qua tm vi bn knh bit trc Thc hin : Chn im (Tm ng trn),chn on thng(bn knh ng trn s c di bng on thng ny).Thc hin lnh Construct - -> Circle By Center and Radius. 3.3. Cung trn trn ng trn Chn ng trn v hai im nm trn ng trn bng cng c chn.Thc hin lnh Construct - ->Arc on Circle. 3.4. Cung trn qua 3 im Chn 3 im ,thc hin lnh Construct - ->Acr Throught Three Point.

4. Vng c bin
a gic La chn cc im(ch th t la chn).Thc hin lnh Construct - - > Polygon Interior.To vng trong ng trn Thc hin: Chn ng trn,thc hin lnh Construct - ->Circle Interior hoc nhn phm ctrl+p. bn c th la chn mu cho vng trn vi cng c la chn mu trong thc n Display

5.Cc cng c o
5.1. o di Thc hin : Chn mt hoc nhiu on thng cn o bng cng c chn(khng chn hai im u mt).Thc hin lnh Length t thc n Measure.Gi tr di on thng s c hin th ln mn hnh . 5.2. o khong cch Hin th khong cch gia hai im cho trc ,hoc khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng cho trc. Thc hin: Chn hai im ( hoc mt im v mt ng thng) cn o khong cch gia chng.Thc hin lnh Distance t thc n Measure. 5.3. o gc La chn 3 im ( ch th t cc im c la chn) ,im t hai s l nh ca gc Thc hin lnh : Angle t thc n Measure . 5.4. o bn knh La chn ng trn ,cung trn,hnh qut bng cng c chn.Thc hin lnh Radius t thc n Measure. ln ca bn knh s c hin th ra mn hnh. 5.5. o chu vi ca ng trn La chn ng trn cn o chu vi.Thc hin lnh Circumference t thc n Measure. ln ca chu vi ng trn s c hin th ln mn hnh. 5.6. o din tch

Thc hin : Chn hnh cn o din tch bng cng c chn.Thc hin lnh Area t thc n Measure 5.7. o di cung o di ca mt cung ,hnh qut ,hnh vin phn cho trc. Thc hin: Chn cung ,hnh qut ,hnh vin phn cn o d di cung.Thc hin lnh Arc Length t thc n Measure. 5.8. o ta Chn im cn o ta .Vo Measure - ->Abscissa.

6. Cc php bin hnh


C 4 php bin hnh: php quay,php v t,php i xng,php tnh tin. 6.1. Mark Angle( thit lp gc) Trc khi thc hin php quay mt i tng vi mt gc c thit lp trc,bn cn phi thit lp mt gc . Chn 3 im ( ch : im th hai s l nh ca gc).Thc hin lnh Mark Angle t thc n Transform 6.2. Php quay - La chn mt im . - Chn Mark Center t thc n Transform chuyn im chn lm tm quay. - La chn i tng mun quay bng cng c chn. - Thc hin lnh Rotate t thc n Transform . - La chn gc quay By Fixed Angle: ( khng chn By Maked Angle): g vo s gc cn quay hnh, ch : n v o gc mc nh l ,c th thit lp li n v trong lnh Preferences. By Maked Angle : ( Chn By Maked Angle ): i tng s c quay mt gc bng gc c thit lp t trc. 6.3. Php v t - Chn mt im. - Thc hin lnh Mark Center t thc n Transform chn i tng. - Thc hin lnh Dilate t thc n Transform.

- Hp thoi Dilate xut hin : Chn t s v t. By Fixed Ratio : ( khng chn By Maked ratio) cho php bn nhp mt phn s. T s (New) v mu s (Old) phi nm trong khong [-10;10]. By Mark Ratio ; (By Mark Ratio) cho php bn co gin i tng theo t s v t c thit lp . 6.4. Php i xng trc - Dng mt on |tia| ng thng. - Thc hin lnh Mark Mirror t thc n Transform ( chuyn on |tia| ng thng thnh trc i xng). - Chn i tng m bn mun to nh. - Thc hin lnh Reflect t thc n Transform.

7. To vt kt hp vi nh ng
- Chn mt im M trn ng cong.Gi s mi mt v tr ca M trn th cho ta mt v tr ca hnh H.Kch chn im M.Vo Edit ri chn Action Buttons,chn ch Animation. Kch chn hnh H .Thc hin lnh Trace . . . t thc n Display to vt cho hnh H. Khi kch nt Animation th vt ca hnh H s hin trn mn hnh . xa vt ta vo Display ri chn Erase Traces.

8. To nt n hin (Hide/ show)


Chn i tng cn to , vo edit tip theo l Hide/show. i tn nt lnh( Animation hoc Hide/show) ta kch chut phi vo nt,xung dng Label Action Buttons v khai bo trong hp thoi xut hin.

9. V th
Vo Graph t thanh Menu ,kch chn Define Coodinate System a h trc ta ra mn hnh.khi mun v th ca mt hm s th vo Graph - - >Plot new function,trong hp thoi nhp phng trnh ca hm s. v th c tham s th m file Sliders.gsp trong Custom Tools.T ca s Windows trn thanh cng c kch chn File ang son ,kch vo biu tng trong khai bo c th chn cc ch Bounded

(Horizontal,Vertical).

10. cc ng cnic
T mt file ang son, v cc ng conic.gsp trong th mc Custom Tools. Sau thc hin tng t nh mc 9.

11. a k hiu thm vo hnh v


nh du gc vung ,gc c mt vng,hai vng,v vect ta m file Appearance tools.gsp trong th mc Custom tools.

12. G cng thc ton trong GSP : Kch hot ch g ch,xung dng cui mn
hnh nhp cng thc ton c th copy cc hnh v dn vo GSP.

13.M nhiu trang trn mt file GSP:


T menu File chn Document options, Chn Add page ,ri chn Balank

Page

14. To v s dng Script


Nu bn v mt hnh ,v mun s dng tnh nng Script sau ny vi cc bi tp cn v hnh ny,ta khng phi thc hin ton b cc php dng hnh cn thit.sau khi v hnh ,bn dng cng c chn chn ton b hnh va dng .kch ri gi chut vo

mt ca s New Tools xut hin trn mn hnh,bn nhp tn trn dng text ca Tools Name ( chng hn l tn tieptuyen),sau kch chn OK .Sau khi thc hin to ra cc scipt,bn c thc hin lnh tools options ty chnh mt s cc t chn ca file Sketchpab.kch v gi chut trn nt lnh Custom Tools,thc hin lnh :Tool Option,(hoc bn c th thc hin lnh: File/Document Option). . .Mt ca s Document Options xut hin; Trn cc ty chon View ,kch chn Tools,bn s thy ton b cc Script tool bn va to ra v bn c th s dng chng.y l mt tnh nng rt tin li ca Geometers Sketchpad 4.0 (v cc phin bn mi tr ln),t cc trang mi bn b sung,bn c th dng ngay cc hnh v c ng dng trn cc Script Tool bn va xy dng.

V D: Phng trnh ng thng qua hai im( khi chn hai im trn bn v s xut hin phng trnh ca ng thng v ng thng i qua hai im ). d lm vic ta nn chon mi trng l Snap Point khi ta cc im l s nguyn. Cch lm: Dng hai im A,B trn mt phng ta . Trch honh ,tung ca A,B ta c xA; xB ; yA; yB. To h s a ; b; c ca phng trnh ng thng: ax+by+c = 0 vi a = yA-yB;b = xBxA; c = xA.yB-xB.yA. Dng ng thng qua A,B. To on vn bn ={1}x+({2})y+({3})=0.Chn on vn bn ny v cc gi tra;b;c; theo th t ,chn Menu edit ri chn Merge Text s c phng trnh ng thng. Chn ng thng ,im A,B v phng trnh ng thng ;chn cng c ri chn Create New tool. . .t tn cho cng c l : phuong trinh duong thang qua hai diem ri chn OK.Cch to cng c cho phng trnh hm bc 2 qua 3 im;phng trnh hm bc3 qua 4 im . . .Lm tng t nh trn.

Wingeom
1.Bt u: Khi ng wingeom t menu file chn ch Open Last.

v hnh khng gian chn 3-dim hoc F3 .Tip theo kch vo vung ca s lm vic ln hn

Nu mun m mt file c sn:Vo File v chn Open ri chn ng dn ti File cn m. son mt File mi : Vo File v chn New.T thanh cng c nhp vo Units

v khi a din chn Polyhedral sau ta tip tc chn: Classics : khi a din c in. Prism : V lng tr ng c y l mt a gic u theo di 1 cch y,s cnh y v chiu cao . Pyramid : V hnh chp u theo di mt cnh y,s cnh ca a gic (u) y v chiu cao. Semiragulad : a din gn u . Box : v hnh hp ng theo 3 kch thc. Tetrahedron : V t din theo di 6 cnh ca n. Random :V hnh lng tr , hnh chp , t din bt k khng u.Sau chn cc nh dng ca a gic y (base)

v cc mt bc hai chn Surface trong hp thoi tip theo ta c th chn cc ch v mt tr(Cylinder),mt nn (Cone),mt cu (Sphere)v na mt cu (Hemisphere).

2. Xem hnh v : Chn View t thanh cng c


a. Xem ng thng : Vo View,ri Display c 5 ch xem hnh v ta la chn . Hidden : Xem hnh khi vi cc nt khut khng hin ra. Dot Hidden Lines : V cc nt khut (ta nn chn ch chn ch ny). Shown Hidden Lines tt c cc ng thng u c v,khng phn bit nt khut v nt hin.

b. Xem im : Sau khi chn View i n Labels :chn Visible in dotted mode xem c tn cc im khut . C th khai bo thm Font v mu sc (Color) ca tn cc im.

c.Xem ton cnh * Phng to: Bm phm PageDow v phm Page Up. * Quay hnh v : Dng cc phm mi tn ln-xung-tri-phi. * a h trc ta vo hnh v : T View chn Axes. 3. im

a. Nhp mt im mi : T Btns chn Text hin tn cc im ta bm t hp Ctrl+L . i tn mt im ta kch chut phi vo im ,trong hp thoi tip theo ta khai bo tn im ta cn t li. a thm mt im mi ti v tr con tr bng cch bm chut phi ri khai bo tn im cn nhp. Ta cng c th di chuyn cc im bng DRAG chut trn im . nhp mt im mi c v tr chnh xc ,lin quan n hnh v ta cn phi chn ch Point t thanh cng c. C 4 ch chnh cho php ta nh du v tr ca mt im c hay mt im mi l Coordinates bng ta ca im 1relative coordinates : Nhp im mi qua t s n ca mt on thng.T s n ny c th thay i theo 1 trong 6 tham s #,$,@,%,&,?

Intersection of line and :giao im ca mt ng thng vi mt mt phng

Xa mt im c: Vo Edit ri nhp vo Point Delete.Tip theo a tn cc im cn xa.

b. Thay i ta cc im: Dng khi a din (Polyhedral) bng ch Random

T thanh cng c chn Btns ,tip theo chn Slide Point sau khi ta nhp p vo mt im ta s thy ta ca im ,khi ta thay i ta ( t cc dng x,y,z) ri bm phm Enter th im s xut hin v tr mi

4.V on thng,v mt phng: Vo Linear t thanh cng c tip theo chn


Segment or face tip theo in 2 im ca ng thng hoc 3 im ca mt phng cn v vo trng

Dng ng thng vung gc h t mt im ti mt mt phng hay mt ng thng,vo Linear - -> Perpendiculars

5. V thit din : Sau khi vo Linear chn Cutting Plane . . .c 4 ch xc nh mt


phng ct l: * Vertices i qua 3 im c. * i qua 1 im v vung gc vi mt ng thng. * i qua 1 im v song song vi hai ng thng. * Phng trnh mt phng ax+by+cz = d Sau khi khai bo xong nhp chn Do Ta c th t mu thit din nhng ch ch View l Hidden.

6. Tnh ton
Tnh th tch : Vo Other ri chn Volume

Tnh di ,gc , din tch chn Meas

,trong hp thoi tip theo ta khai

bo nhng th nguyn m ta cn tnh, theo hng dn sau sau: G AB ri enter tnh di on AB; ABC din tch tam gic ABC.ABCDE din tch gii hn bi a gic ABCDE. Bm F6 ri g ABCD tnh chu vi t gic ABCD.G AB/AC tnh t s 2 on thng AB v AC .[sin](<ABC) tnh sin ca gc ABC.

Nhp vo Fomula kt qu tnh ton hin ra trn mn hnh.

7. Lu file ,lu hnh v :


Vo file chn Save,t tn file v chn th mc mun lu.

lu hnh v vo b nh m m Word hoc PPT dn ( Paste) vo ta chn Copy to clipboard. to ra mt file nhng vo Latex,vo Other ri chn PicTexFile,trong hp

thoi tip theo ta t tn v chn th mc s lu file data hnh v (nn chn th mc c cha file Tex m ta cn a hnh nh vo).

8. Xy dng hnh ng
Vo Amin,chn 1 trong 6 tham s .trong hp thoi tip theo ta c th thay i tham s bng cch y thanh trt hoc thay i lin tc mt cch t ng autorev,autocyc. C th t khong bin thin ca cc tham s bng cch : G s thc cn tri ri nhp chn Set L,vit s thc cn phi ri nhp chn Set R.khi hnh bt u ng ,ta c th iu khin tc : F ( Fast: nhanh);S ( Slow: chm );Q ( Quit : thot ra). To vt cho mt chuyn ng: T ca s Amin chn Tracing - - > New. hp thoi Edit Tracing khai bo tham s iu khin chuyn ng ,im cn to vt (pen on vertex), dy cavt ,mu ca vt .cui cng kch chn. OK.Trong Amin kch vo dng Moniter Tracing V th biu din quan h hm s gia hai s o c T Amin i n dng Graph Window Trong hp thoi tip theo kch chn

9. V hnh chp ,hnh lng tr vi d kin chnh xc

Bc 1: V a gic y trong Wingeom . Khi ng Wingeom ,bm F2 hoc vo Window v kch chut

Sau kch vo ca s Units s cnh ca a gic y

- ->

Chn Radom (ty ) - -> Converx Poligon. . .(a gic li) trong hp thoi tip theo ,nhp

Kch chn vo ca s View trn thanh cng c , ri chn ( h trc) a h ta vo .

.Kch hot ch Edit t thanh cng c ,chn ch nhp ta im

Trong hp thoi tip theo khai bo ta tng im ca a gic ph hp vi u bi ton

Sau chn Move .Sau khi Move im ny c th nhp ta im khc ngay bng cch nhp tn im vo Vertex Bc 2: Dng hnh a gic y,sau khi c a gic y,ta vo ca s Other t thanh cng c ,chn 3D Solid,chn Prism( nu l lng tr) hoc Pyramid nu l hnh chp.Trong hp thoi tip theo phi khai cc d liu : cc nh ca a gic y (ch rng mc nh l tam gic ABC )nn ta phi khai bo li .Khai bo chiu cao : altitude ,Khai bo chn ng cao(foot of alitude). Sau khi chn OK ta c hnh cn dng ca khng gian 3 chiu.

10. Cc php bin hnh trong khng gian


Tnh tin ( Translate),quay xung quanh 1 trc (Rotate),php v t (Dilate)

CABRI 3D V1.2.1
Ci t : M file Cabri 3D_103.exe ri kch hot Cabri 3D_103.reg sau kch hot file cabri 3D_121.exe Chn giao din ting vit : kch chn Edit t thanh cng c nh hnh v sau:

->

- ->

1. Thanh cng c
Mt song song,vung gc cc php bin hnh khi a din

Chnh sa

im

ng Thng

a gic phng

Kch chn mi biu tng trn thanh cng c tm hiu thm:

2. im
- Ly mt im nm trn mt hnh ( ng thng,on thng,ng trn, mt phng,. . . .) kch (chut tri )vo biu tng im kch chn vo hnh cha im

- Ly mt im ngoi mt mt phng. Kch chn biu tng im Shift +

- -> bm phm

v di chut ( khng bm chut) n v tr cn t ri kch chut tri.

- Cho im di ng trn mt on thng,mt ng trn: Chn ch chnh sa - -> kch chn im cn to chuyn ng - -> kch chn ca s >trong hp thoi tip theo kch chn Hot No t thanh cng c - - hoc bm F10 - - - ->

Dng chut y thanh trt v bn phi v iu chnh tc chuyn ng

Nh khng nh du vo im phong ta - -> kch cho im bt u chuyn ng - Dng giao im : kch chn biu tng im - - >trong hp thoi tip theo kch

chn

Thc hnh Cabri 3D


Cu 1: Dy v giao tuyn ca 3 mt phng phn bit trong khng gian. Cu 2: Trong mt phng cho ng trn (C) ng knh AB . Trn ng thng i qua im A v vung gc vi ly mt im S .Cho im M di ng trn ng trn ( C ). Mt phng i qua A ,vung gc vi SB ln lt ct SM,SB ti M,B.Tm qu tch M khi M di ng. Cu 3. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l mt hnh vung v SA ^ mp( ABCD).Cho M di ng trn on BC . Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn DM. Tm qu tch im K khi M di ng . Cu 4. Cho tam gic u SAB v hnh vung ABCD cnh a nm trong hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau . im M di ng trn on SA . Tm qu tch hnh chiu H ca S trn mt phng CDM. Cu 5. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c y l mt hnh vung c cnh bng a ,chiu cao bng 2a. Dng thit din to bi mt phng i qua im A v vung gc vi SC. - Dng hnh vung trn mt phng c s . Dng ng thng h i qua tm v vung gc vi ,Dng mt on thng c mt u mt ti tm O ca hnh vung v c di bng

2a.Dng mt cu tm O , bn knh 2a. Dng S l giao ca h vi mt cu.Sau khi c hnh chp tha cc yu cu dng thit din Cu 6. Dy php bin hnh trong khng gian: php i xng tm,i xng mt,i xng trc.

Cabri 3D-2.0
Ci t :
1. Kch hot file Cabri 3D 2.0 .exe ci t. 2. kch hot file Cabri 3D-2.0.reg ng k bn quyn 3. Ci t Cabri 3D_Plugin.exe nhng Cabri 3D vo PPT

1. Thanh cng c
Mt song song,vung gc cc php bin hnh khi a din

Chnh sa

im

ng Thng

a gic phng

Kch chn mi biu tng trn thanh cng c tm hiu thm:

ng thng,on thng,tia,vecto,ng trn,cung trn (i qua 3 im),conic ( i qua 5 im ,hoc tip xc 5 ng thng).Giao tuyn ca cc mt phng. Mt phng,a gic,tam gic,na mt phng,gc ( gii hn bi hai tia),mt tr,mt nn,mt cu. Dng vung gc: Mt phng i qua 1 im vung gc vi mt ng thng.ng thng i qua 1 im vung gc vi mt mt phng. Dng song song: ng thng i qua 1 im song song vi mt ng thng.Mt phng i qua 1 im v song song vi mt mt phng. Dng mt phng trung trc ,dng trung im Vct tng ,to vt ( im ,ng thng) Cc php bin hnh: Php i xng tm-i xng trc Php i xng mt php tnh tin,php quay

Dng a gic u : * Tam gic u,hnh vung,ng gic u,lc gic u,bt gic u,thp gic u ,thp nh gic u,hnh sao Mt s khi a din:

T din ,hnh hp,lng tr,hnh chp,a din li,m a din,ct a din( cho ra thit din).Trc tin dng a gic y Cc khi a din u: T din u,khi lp phng,bt din u,. . . o c v tnh ton: Khong cch : Khong cch gia hai im,hai ng thng,t mt im ti mt ng thng,t mt im ti mt mt phng. di on thng,din tch a gic phng,th tch,gc,ta ca im. Phng trnh ng thng,mt phng Tnh ton: Cc php tnh s hc,trn cc s o c.

2. im
- Ly mt im nm trn mt hnh ( ng thng,on thng,ng trn, mt phng,. . . .) kch (chut tri )vo biu tng im kch chn vo hnh cha im

- t tn im: Kch chn g tn im t bn phm.

kch chut tri vo im,khi thy hin this point th

- Ly mt im ngoi mt phng Z = 0 ,kch chn biu tng im bm phm Shift+

- ->

v di chut (khng bm chut) n v tr ri kch chut tri.

- Cho im di ng trn mt on thng,mt ng trn: Chn ch chnh sa - - > kch chn im cn to chuyn ng - - > kch chn ca s thanh cng c - -> trong hp thoi tip theo kch chn Animation ( hoc bm F10) Dng chut y thanh trt v bn phi v iu chnh tc chuyn ng ri chn Start Animation t

( nh khng nh du vo Point Frozen ) - Dng giao im : Kch chn biu tng im trong hp thoi tip theo kch

chn

- To vt : Nhp chn Trace t Menu (hoc ng thng) mun to vt.

sau nhp chn im

3. Nhng Cabri 3D vo PPT:

Kch chn Insert t thanh Menu,sau chn Object tip theo ,nhp p vo dng Cabri 3D

trong hp thoi

Trong file PPT ang son xut hin vung c biu tng cabri 3D,nhp chut phi vo

vung

trong 2 hp thoi tip theo kch chn nh 3 hnh v sau:

V chn file cn nhng

Bi tp thc hnh:
- V tr tng i ca cc ng thng,mt phng trong khng gian. - Giao tuyn ,thit din. - Cc bi tp qu tch.

- Mt trn xoay,nn tr. - Cc php bin hnh trong khng gian.

Son tho vn bn ton vi MathType


Sau khi ci t xong MathType6 th biu tng MathType s xut hin trn thanh cng c ca Word

1. Thit lp mi trng hin th ting vit.


Khi ng chng trnh MathType,t menu chn Style - -> Define hp thoi xut hin chn Simple,trong Primari font chn font VNI-Times (ty ),ri bm Apply - -> OK.bn ch l phi dng b g Unikey g ting vit .Khi g ch ,nu ch hin th b nghing,bn chnh li bng cch vo Style - -> Define - ->Advanced b chn du Check ngay Varible xong bm Apply - -> OK. Lc ch dnh li (v d g kt ta thnh Ktta),mun cch ch,bn g xong ch th nht,nhn gi phm Ctrl+Space(phm cch),sau g tip ch th hai. Khi cn xen cng thc ton hc vo vn bn ta kch chut vo du sigma v thy xut

hin mt bng cng thc ton.phn trn l mt s cng thc hay dng,phn di l bng lit k loi cng thc m ta cn nh ( i s,gii tch,ma trn,tp hp ,lng gic,hnh hc). V d: nh biu thc c cn bc 4 ca mt biu thc i s ta phi kch chut nh hnh sau:

Tip theo l nh cc biu thc trong du cn v chn ch s trong du cn. nh s m:v d

x3 .sau khi c x ta chn

nhn c

ri vo vung v nh s

3 v c c x3 .sau khi nh xong cng thc ta c th vi chnh: ln nh( bi en phn cng thc cn iu chnh ri chn Size trn thanh cng c.

Ta cng c th chn mu sc cho cng thc bng cch bi en phn cng thc mun t mu ri vo Format trn thanh cng c v chn Color sau kch chut vo mu lu chn.

nhp cng thc ta va nh vo vn bn ta thot khi MathType Show this ri chn Yes

khi hp thoi hi

ta c nhp cng thc vo vn bn ang son khng trc ht ta nh du vo Dont

Chnh kch thc cng thc tron ton vn bn

C cch khc nhanh m hiu qu hn khi chnh sa cng thc trong MathType l bi en phn cn chnh sau nhn cc phm tri ,phi,ln,xung. Cng thc s p ngay. Bi tp: nh biu thc sau (nh chnh ln nh cho ph hp gia cc nhm cng thc)
4 7 x 3 + b5 + 2 x - 3 2 16 y4

Mt s tin ch khc ca MathType: a. Xut ra file Web: Cho dn mt cng thc vo PPT hoc s dng trc tip trong PPT

b. Converse cng thc sang Latex.

Nhn vo Convert th cng thc c trong Word b mt i v thay th bng m on m Latex \[ \$\sqrt[7]{{x^3 + b_2^5 }} + \frac{{2x^4 - 3}}{{16y_4 }}$ \] Bi en v copy on m ny vo Latex la xong

Vi nt v latex
Latex l phn mm chuyn dng vit sch ,gio trnh,tiu lun,bi bo c ni dung ton hc ,mang tnh t ng ha cao,y l phn mm c nhng ngi lm ton ,cc nh xut bn sch,tp tr trn ton th gii s dng. Latex l phn mm c min ph dung lng khng ln ,tng thch vi nhiu phn mm ton hc khc,vi h son tho PcTex32 cc thao tc ging nh son tho trn Word (nh m mt file,copy khi,ghi file. . .)do thun li cho ngi quen vi h son tho trn Windows. C th dng Latex nhp v in cc thi trc nghim,ngn hng cc thi c s dng chung mt cch d dng. Ngi qun l khng mt nhiu thi gian tng hp cc thi do cc ng nghip son tho.

Bng cch t cc Macro hoc cc nh ngha vit tt,latex cho php ta son tho vn bn kh nhanh,thun li.

Bt u son tho
I.Khai bo trong ln u tin s dng 1. ng k :
Chy a CD,tm n th mc PctexV5,m file seri.txt,bi en v copy khi s seri (Ctrl+C),copy ton b th mc PCTEXV5 Latex vo cng ( nu c php). Kch hot file PctexV5.exe,vo Help chn Registration dn s seri (?) vo ri nhp Register khi thy Tex bo bn dng l Publisher th ta thnh cng.

2. Khai bo b g ting vit:


Trong ln u tin s dng Pctexv5 ta cn khai bo font ( g ting vit). Nhp Setting t thanh cng c - ->chn Default Settings.

Trong hp thoi tip theo mc ViewSettings hy khai bo nh hnh sau,v nhp chut vo Editor

Chn Word Wrap ri vo Change Font and Color s nh chn Font (VNI-Times) sau nhp OK.

y thanh trt ca

Vo TypeSettings khai bo nh hnh v ghi t ng

Vo ProjecOptions v khai nh hnh v

II. Bt u son tho:


1. M file mi :M file mu (tieuluan.tex,luanvantn.tex hoc dautien.tex) trong th mc minh SAVE AS file di mt tn khc,trong mt th muc mi.nh hnh di y:

- ->

- ->

- -> Open- -> Save As v t mt tn mi

Thot khi file mu ( nhn phm Ctrl+A v Delete) v bt u son tho. Mt s phm tt : ang t vn bn (TEX hoc DVI) 1.Bm F8 hoc F9 chuyn TEX sang DVI v ngc li. 2.Bm Ctrl +G i n trang ta cn. 3.Bm F4 tm v thay th trong TEX.

III.Dch ( xem file DVI)


Bm F8 hoc F9 chuyn gia hai file: Son tho (.Tex) v file View DVI. Chia hai mn hnh

Ta nn chia mn hnh thnh hai ca s,mt ca s son tho,mt ca s View. T thanh cng c nhp vo Window ri chn nh hnh sau:

Export ra file Pdf: ang View t DVI nhp chn File ri i n dng Export chn tip PDF

IV.nh dng vn bn trong LaTex


1. Khong cch trong Tex Tex khng cha khong cch mt cch hin th,mun xung dng ta phi bm Enter hai ln. Khi ta cho hai t ra xa nhau Tex ch cho in ra khong cch l mt k t,nu ta Enter nhiu ln Tex cng ch in ra mt ln xung dng. c khong cch theo mun bn phi dng lnh:\hskip?cm cho khong cch theo hng ngang l ?cm v lnh \vskip?cm cho khong cch theo chiu dc l ?cm. V d bn nh anh\hskip3cm v ti th View ta c ch anh cch ch v2cm ging th ny anh v ti. ko hai k t li gn nhau bn cho khong cch m. Khi bn nh : xong.\vskip3cm tip tc,th View bn s c xong.tip tc,khi bt buc Tex sang trang bn phi dng lnh \vfill\eject. 2. Cc font ch ting vit tin li trong toanpt.sty,toan.sty chng ti c a ra mt s macro vit tt mt s cm t ton thng gp.ngi dng c th t t thm. xen cng thc ton hc vo ta vn

dng nh thng thng,ngha l i vi cc cng thc vit lin vi ch th bt u v kt thc bng 1 du \$. Cn cc cng thc ton xung dng v quy tm th bt u v kt thc bng hai du \$\$ .Trong toanpt.sty d nh v s dng chng ti k hiu cc font ch thng l: *tv: thng,c va. *nv: nghing,c va. *dv: m c va. *dnv: m nghing,c va(c va thng l c 12pt). *tto: thng,c to. *nto: nghing,c to. *dto : m, c to. *dnto: m nghing ,c to( c to thng l 14pt hoc 16pt). *tbu: thng,c b. *nbu: nghing ,c b. *bdu: m ,c b. * dnbu: m nghing,c b Cc font ch hoa tng ng c thm ch h vo u .

V. Lin kt LaTex vi cc phn mm khc


T thanh cng c ca Pctex32 nhp vo ca s Settings ri chn Configure Tools tip tc chn Addtools v chn file exe ca phn mm cn dng. Sau khi Add phn mm no th ta c quyn s dng n khi ang son tho Latex bng cch vo Tool trn thanh cng c v nhp chut vo phn mm ta cn dng

VI. a hnh v vo vn bn LaTex: Xem file nhunganh.tex trong th mc


PCTEXV5\MINH\nhunganh.

VII. t nh ngha khng tham s: Cu trc \def\tn{noi dung}.ch rng tn vit


tt khng c dng du,s phi vit lin.

VIII. S dng LaTex son thi trc nghim ton.


1.S dng ch g tt trong Unikey :Kch chut phi vo biu tng Unikey,kch chn vo ch Bt tnh nng g tt

To ngn hng thi


1. To file ngn hng thi mi : Dng Pctexv5.EXE m file ngahangmau.tex trong th mc Pctexv5/Minh/tracnghiem ri Save As vo th mc tracnghiem vi tn file ko c du,vit lin,v d nhhuong (ui tex s c t ng thm vo). 2. Tip theo m file thucau.tex i n dng \def\cauthu{\def\noidung{?}\def\dapan{ds?}\phande} c hai du hi cn phi c thay th ,du hi u tin sau ch noidung c thay bi ni dung cu hi trc nghim ,du hi cui cng\ds? c thay bi p n ng (a,b,c hoc d).sau khi nhp xong ta cho Pctex bin dch:kch chut vo biu tng trn thanh cng c ca

Pctex. Nu kt qu cho ra file DVI xut hin cu trc nghim ta va g th bi en v copy nguyn cu trc nghim (t \def n ht phande} v dn vo file nhhuong.tex 3. i li tn cauthu thnh mt tn mi ph hp vi ni dung ca cu hi (chng hn xetdaumot). 4. nhp cc cu trc nghim nhanh hn ,nn bt chc nng g tt ca Unikey. nhp 4 phng n la chn ta cn c lng 4 la chn ny cn in trn mt dng ,2 dng ,hay 4 dng. Nu 4 la chn c th in trn mt dng th g mb ri nhn phm

Space(phm cch),ch g tt ca Unikey s cho ra mt cm\mb{}{}{}{}. Nhp ni dung cc la chn A,B,C,D theo th t ln lt vo cc du ngoc chn th nht,th hai,th ba,th t. Lu khng nhp cc ch A,B,C,D v cc ch ny s c t ng a vo thi. i vi cc cu nh c ba lu chn trn u sai (ng) th phi nhp l c ba la chn \cha\chb\chc\ u sai(ng). Sau cng l nhp p n ng thay cho du ? th hai sau ch \ds?,p n A c g l \dsa(thay du ? bng ch a);tng t cho p n B,C,D

Nhp cu hi c bn th
Bc 1. Dng phn mm Graph 4.2 (c th ci t trong CD,v xem hng dn di y bit cch s dng) v th cho la chn ng ,sau lu di dng File nh c phn m rng l emf

Cu hi trc nghim v tn phng n la chn (v d ndnamc )v phi lu cng th mc cha file ngn hng thi (nh v d y l th mc trc nghim ).

Nhp chn vo phng trnh th sa li phng trnh cc khc,cho la li di cc file nh c tn l cc la chn cn li ( v d ndnama,ndnamb,ndnamd). Bc 2: Trong cu hi trc nghim ,khi cn a bn th vo th g hbdothi ri g phm Space c c dng lnh \hbdothi{}{}{}{}.ln lt vit tn cc file nh cho cc la

chn A,B,C,D vo gia cc giu ngoc th nht,th hai,th ba,th t, (trong v d ca ta l \def\?{def\noidung{Trong cc th di y hy ch ra th ca hm s $y =
3x 2 - 4 x + 5$

\hbdothi{ndnama}{ndnamb}{ndnamc}{ndnamd}}\dapan{\dsc}\phande}

Nhp cu hi c mt th v bn la chn :
Bc 1: V th v lu li file nh vi phn m rng emf ( v d: ndsau)v th mc cha file ngn hng thi . Bc 2 : Trong cu hi trc nghim g haicot ri g phm Space c dng lnh sau \haicot{}{nh}. Trong du mc nhn th nht ta vit cu dn vi bn la chn dng bn hng bn la chn (\bb{}{}{}{}), du mc th hai,xa ch nh v thay bng tn ca file nh ta va v (khng cn c emf). Chng hn \def\ndsau{\def\noidung{\haicot{hnh bn l th ca hm s\bb{$y = x-1$}{$y = 2x+3$}{$y=5x-6}{$y=-x-4$}{ndsau}\def\dapan{\dsa}\phande}. Kt qu dch s cho ta hai ct, ct bn tri cha phn dn ,cn ct bn phi cha th.

Nhp cu hi c bn bng bin thin :


Bc 1: Dng GSP (c trong CD)v bng bin thin xem file mu dtmuoi.gsp v s dng cc mi tn trong file muiten.doc trong th mc minh/tracnghiem),chn vng c bng bin thin bng cng c chn

Chn Save As

ra file nh dng emf vo cng th mc cha

Ngn hng thi

Ch rng c th nhp cng thc ton t GSP Bc 2: a bn bng bin thin vo cu hi trc nghim : Nu bn bng bin thin nh c th nm trn hai dng th g hbbbt v g phm Space nhn c \hbbbt{}{}{}{}. tn cc phai nh (khng c phn m rng emf) vo cc du mc . Nu bn bng bin thin nm bn dng khc nhau th g bbbbt v g phm Space nhn c \bbbbt{}{}{}{} v khai bo tng t .

K bng :S dng phn mm LaTable (khng cn ci t ) k cc bng s liu. C th k bng trong Excel hoc Word ri cho kt xut ra file nh. Nhp biu ct : V t Word ri ct dn vo GSP v cho ra file nh dng em f. Nhp cc cu hi c cng mt gi thit :dng\namcaug(cho bi bn)

RA THI
1. Lp file ra thi: Trong th mc minh/tracnghiem,m file radeboinam.tex (nu s cu trc nghim l bi ca 5 nh 10,15,20 . . .)m file radeboibon.tex (nu s cu trc nghim l bi 4).Save As v tn mi.khai bo v ki thi. S cu hi u tin cho bi ca 5,sau l bi ca 4. 2. Chn cu hi cho thi gc :Bn la chn cu hi thi t ngn hng thi . Bn cn khai bo cc la chn bng cch thay i mi du hi gia hai du {} bng tn ( c nh ngha) ca mi cu hi thi theo th t t Macro\nhommot{\namcau{}{}{}{} n Macro\nhommuoi . . .sau ta chn thi t lun cho mi thi bng cch khai bo vo gia {} ca \def\tlmot{}n def\tlsau{}. c th nhn cu hi t ngn hng thi mt cch d dng bn c th s dng ch m hai mn theo kiu Vertically.

Kt qu ta c hai ca s nh hnh sau,mt ca s cha ngn hng thi mt ca s cha file ra thi.

In thi: Nu bn mun in thi theo mu ca B th trong khai bo u file l


minhdhqpbo:\usepackage{amsfonts,amssymb,pictexwd,toanpt,minhdhqpbo}.cn nu bn mun in thi bnh thng th trong khai bo u file l minhdhqn.T thi gc ta c c 6 thi l \demot,\dehai,\deba,\debon,\denam,\desau. c bng kt qu s dng Macro\gdemot,\gdehai,\gdeba,\gdebon,\gdenam v \gdesau.(theo ng th t ). in giy thi cho hc sinh ta g \inphieu

Ni dung thc hnh


1. Khai bo Pctexv5: S ng k,font,lu file t ng. 2. Kch hot ch g tt ca Unikey. 3. To file ngn hng thi. 4. M file thucau.tex trong th mc Pctexv5/minh/tracnghiem. Bt u son cu hi trc nghim.Dch th . 5. Sau khi mi cu hi thnh cng th copy cu hi v file cha ngn hng thi. 6. Son cu hi c h phng trnh. 7. Son cu hi c hai ct : Biu ,bng s liu ,bng bin thin. 8. Son cu hi c bn la chn l bn th. 9. Son cu hi c hnh v biu din min nghim ca bt phng trnh.

10. Son cu hi c bn la chn l bn bng bin thin. 11. Ra thi c cc cu hi c trong ngn hng thi.

Powpoint
Powerpoint nh tn gi ca n ,l phn mm chyn dng to ra cc mn trnh din . Powerpoint ( vit tt l PPT) c nhiu phin bn . Phin bn cng mi cng d s dng v c tng cng hiu ng nhiu hn phin bn c .

I. Mt s iu cn ch khi s dng PPT trong dy hc ton


1. Ni dung thng tin (ch vit ,cng thc, hnh nh) chnh xc,r rng: a. Nn (background) : khng dng cc mu sc chi trang,khng nn s dng cc nn c cnh vt,hoc hoa vn (lm phn tm hc sinh). b. Font ch: Mu sc ca ch v nn phi lm ch c nhn r. Kch thc ch ln ,khong cch gia cc dng va phi,s lng ch trong mt Slide khng qu nhiu ,lm cho ri kh c. Kiu ch khng qu cu k. Khng dng qu nhiu font ch trong mt Slide. c. Hiu ng : * Nn :S dng hiu ng mt cch c ngh thut s phm,nhn mnh nhng iu quan trng trong bi ging,a thng tin mi vo thi im cn thit ,to ra tnh hung c vn . . . * Trnh : Hiu ng cu k ,m thanh khng cn thit lm phn tn s tp trung ca hc sinh,tc ca hiu ng chm lm tn thi gian Chng ta ch tm lc nhng thao tc c bn nht i vi vic son ging ca mt gio vin ton.nhng k xo cao cp hn s c t hon thin theo thi gian

5 bc c bn son ging mt tit dy hc trn Powerpoint


Bc 1: Chun b ni dung bi hc

H thng cu hi /p ,hnh nh lin quan n bi dy v cc file m thanh,phim (nu cn). Ln k hoch b cc ,sp xp kin thc ,hnh nh minh ha cho tng mn biu din hay gi l Slide. . .Khu chun b ny rt cn thit v n s tng cng hiu qu bi ging. Bc 2 : nh dng cho cc Slide Khi ng chng trnh PPT ,trong ca s lm vic ca PPT bn ln lt thc hin cc thao tc di y: a. Chn font ch chnh : c th chn font ting vit chnh chung cho tt c cc Slide vo Fomat - ->Replace Font. Trong ca s th hai ca hp thoi nhp vo font ta cn v chn

- ->

- -> kch chn

b. Chn nn cho Slide : tp trung s ch ca hc sinh ta khng nn chn cc nn c hnh nh. Bn c th chn mt mu nn hay pha mu thch hp cho Slide theo cc bc sau:Vo trnh n Fomat - -> Background - -> Dnh du Omit background graphics from master - ->Click vo :

* Chn nn mt mu : Nhp chn mu xut hin trong khung hnh xut hin .Nu bn khng thch cc mu th kch chn More Colors trong bng mu xut hin tip theo bn chn mu mnh mun ri nhp OK.

* Nn c pha trn nhiu mu : Nhp chn Fill Effects,trong hp thoi tip theo chn gradien v nhp chn tip Two colors.

- - -> mi ca s khai bo cho color1 v clor2,vo ri chn cc mu ta mun. Trong phn

Shading Style,ta c th chn cc cch phi mu v xem trc nn to thnh t Sample gc di bn phi. Cui cng nhp OK quay v ca s Background. Nu bn ch dng mu nn va chn cho 1 Slide th kch vo Apply,cn nu bn chn mu nn ny cho tt c cc Slide th nhp chn Apply to all.

Bc 3: Nhp ni dung bi ging:


Nhp vn bn,chn hnh v,chn m thanh,chn cc on video ,to lin kt gia cc Slide,to lin kt n cc file (vn bn hoc chng trnh)khc s dng cc phn mm h tr . 1. Nhp vn bn: Sau khi kch chn font ch c bn v mu nn ca Slide,ta kch chut vo khung Click to add title. g tiu chnh ca Slide,tip theo lm tng t nhp vn bn cho Subtitle( tiu ph). Cch son tho trong mi khung nh vy ging nh trong Word. Sau khi nhp ch v chn Font (kiu + c ch),chn mu t nh cnh hp ch A thanh cng c nm pha di mn hnh bn c th di chuyn cc khung

vn bn n cc v tr thch hp. Nu bn mun nhp thm mt khung ch na th nhp chn Text Box thanh cng c pha di mn hnh Khi con tr s c dng hnh ch thp,kch(gi) chut tri khoanh vng ta s nhp vn bn,ta s thy xut hin mt khung trng. Kch chut v nhp ch ging nh tin hnh nhp ch tiu . Ta cng c th nhp mt s mu ch ngh thut (Word Art)

- - -> trong hp thoi tip theo chn kiu ch mun chn,nhp OK. Tip theo ta nhp vn bn v chn Font

2. Chn (Insert) hnh nh vo mn trnh din: Vo trnh n Insert - ->Picture. Nhp chut vo From File trong hp thoi tip theo t ca s Look in,kch chut vo nh c hnh , tm ti tp tin hnh nh ri nhp p

chut tri ln tp tin ( hoc nhp vo Insert). Khi hnh nh xut hin trong Slide ta dng chut di chuyn hnh nh n v tr v iu chnh kch thc cho ph hp,

- -> 3. Chn mt file m thanh hay mt on phim vo bi ging: Trong bi ging ta c th chn nhng trch on ca mt cnh no hay nhng m thanh ph hp vi tng bi hay mn hc. Trc ht ,lp mt th mc mi cha chung file PPT ca ta v cc file m thanh,phim (video) chun b sn: + Nu chn phim hy vo Insert\Movies and Sound - ->Movies From from file v chn ng dn ti file cha on phim - ->bm OK

+ Nu chn m thanh,vo Insert/Movies and Sounds - ->Sounds from file- ->chn ng dn ti file m thanh- ->bm OK 4. To siu lin kt (Hyperlink): Khi son mt bi ging ta cng cn lin kt vi cc Slide hoc cc file khc c lin quan gip bi ging phong ph hn nh: lin kt vi mt tp tin trong MS work,file HTML,hoc cc file th ng , . . .thc hin bng cch bi en i tng cn lin kt - ->vo Insert - ->Hyperlink,chn file cn lin kt - - ->bm OK.

trong hp thoi tip theo nu ta mun i ti mt Slide trong cng vn bn PPT m ta ang son th ta chn Place in this document ,sau trong bng lit k cc Slide ,ta chn Slide cn i ti. Nu ta mun lin kt ti cc file khc th nhp chn vo Existing File sau .

i vi nhiu file chng trnh ,khi ta kch chut lin kt ,ta s thy xut hin hp thoi hi ta c mun m file khng ,ta ch vic chn OK. Nu Window Explorer khng bit dng phn mm no m file th ta phi ng k cho Window bit. * Kinh nghim: Bn nn to mt th mc cha file PPT trnh din cng vi cc file cn lin kt. Khi mang n my tnh ca trng th copy nguyn c th mc. Khi cc ng dn lin kt mi gi nguyn.

5. V hnh tng t nh dng Draw trong Word Bc 4: To cc hiu ng theo kch bn dy hc


1. To hiu ng cho i tng ( vn bn,hnh nh) trong mt Slide Nhp chut vo i tng (vn bn ,hnh nh)vo Slide Show- ->chn Custom Animation->chn menu trong Add Effect s xut hin bn mc: + Entrance: i tng m ta chn ch xut hin vo thi im ta trnh chiu. + Emphasis : Nhn mnh i tng ta chn ( xut hin trc ). + Exit : i tng ta chn bin khi mn hnh. + Motion Paths : i tng di chuyn qua li trn Slide theo mt ng cong ty .

Khi a tr chut ti mi mc s c mt danh sch cc hiu ng xut hin ,sau khi ta nhp chn mt hiu ng no ta s nhn thy i tng ta chn hot ng vi hiu ng ta va chn. Nu bn khng va vi hiu ng ny th nhp chut vo Remove,sau li chn AddEffect v chn mt hiu ng khc . Nu bn ng vi hiu ng chn th tip tc khai bo cho tng hiu ng : vo Start khai bo cch thc hiu ng hot ng ;Onclick :phi Click chut th hiu ng mi hot ng; With Prev : xut hin cng lc vi hiu ng chn ngay trc n. Affter Previous: Xut hin sau hiu ng chn ngay trc vi thi gian ch i s c khai bo trong Timing khi ta kch vo cha thng s ca hiu ng , tham s cn khai bo tip theo l Speed:( tc m hiu ng xut hin) sau khi xong cc hiu ng trn mt Slide ,s c mt danh sch cc hiu ng xut hin ca s bn phi theo th t xut hin xp t trn xung di. Khi ta nhp chn i tng no trn Slide th s xut hin mt khung ch nht bao quanh hiu ng trong danh sch ,cn pha trn ta s c c tt c tham s v hiu ng ny. Ta c th xem nhanh hot ng ca ton Slide vi cc hiu ng chn bng cch nhp vo Play. Nu bn mun thay i th t xut hin ca cc hiu ng th s dng Re-Oder di chyn mt hiu ng no (ang c khung bao quanh) ln trn hoc xung pha di.

Khi kt thc mt Slide v chuyn sang Slide mi ta vo Insert - ->NewSlide

Nu bn mun copy mt ni dung c sn trn mt Slide ca mt file PPT khc,bn vo Insert - ->Slide from File trong hp thoi tip theo nhp vo Find Presentation v theo Browse tm ti file cha Slide cn copy,nhp chn Open. Trn ca s ca Select Slides hin ra tt c cc Slide c trong file,nhp chn nu mun gi cc format ca Slide ny (mu,nn,font ch. . .),nhp chn Slide,sau chn V nhp Color 2. To hiu ng chuyn tip gia cc Slide: Ta c th to mt hiu ng chuyn tip t mt Slide sang mt Slide tip theo bng cch vo Slide Show - ->Slide Transition - Trong hp thoi Apply to Selected Slides,bn chn hiu ng thch hp cho cc Slide ,tt nht nn chn Random Transition ( di cng ca bng la chn) v n s thay i ngu nhin cho tng Slide,rt p mt. - Trong hp thoi Modify transition :chn tc khong cch trnh din v nhc nn (nu c ) ca cc Slide - hp thoi Advance Slide : thit lp t ng cho cc Slide bng cch nh du vo Automatically ri cho thi gian hp l vo bn di v bm Apply to all Slides. Tt c cc Slide trong file u c trnh chiu theo trnh t nht nh. Chn hiu ng chuyn tip gia cc Slide

Chn tc v nhc ca cc Slide

Chn thi gin trnh din ca Slide hay i tng 3. Duyt v thay i th t cc Slide (nu cn): Sau khi son xong cc ni dung chnh ca bi dy,ta bm phm F5 xem PPT trnh din nhng g ta son. Nu bn mun thay i th t gia cc Slide th i ti thanh cng c nhp chn View- ->Slide Sort

Sau ta s thy tt c cc Slide c hin ra thnh cc theo ng th t. Bn c th DRAG chut di chuyn v tr ca cc Slide. Nu mun tr li Slide no ta ch vic nhp p chut trn hin th ca Sile . Bc 5: Lu file v ng gi : 1.Lu file: Sau khi hon thnh cc bc trn bn vo File - ->Save v chn tn file v th mc lu. 2.Nhng font : Khi mang file PPT bn son trong my tnh ca bn v copy vo my tnh gn vi my my chiu DataShow, c th sy ra tnh trng my tnh ny khng c cc font m bn s dng,bn dng mt th thut gi l nhng font sau y. M trnh duyt PPT,m file bn son t thanh cng c vo File- - ->Save As,trn thanh Toolbar chn Tools

Tip theo vo Save Options,trong phn Font Options for current document only nh du chn mc Embed True Type Fonts

Sau b c tip hai la chn : - Embed characters in use only ( best for reducing file size): chn ch ny nu ch mun s dng bi son ch trnh din my khc (khi chn kiu nhng ny th dung lng tp tin s ln thm khng ng k ). - Embed all characters ( best for editing by others):chn ch ny th dung lng tp tin s ln hn nhng rt thun tin cho vic chnh sa my khc . - Sau khi chn mt trong hai ch nhn OK. Sau c th lu ln tp tin c hoc lu li vi tn mi. By gi bn c th trnh din bi son ca mnh bt c my tnh no khc m khng phi bn tm v vn phng ch na. 3. ng gi: Ta c th ng gi file PPT bi son em trnh din bng cch vo File ->Save as.

Trong dng cui cng ca hp thoi tip theo ,ti Save as type tm ti dng Powerpoint Show, tip theo l t tn v chn th mc la file. File ny s c phn m rng l .pps. n ch c th dng trnh chiu ch khng th sa ni dung .

Chn Flash vo PPT


- u tin lu cc file flash vo cng th mc vi file PPT trnh din bi dy. - Vo View - -> chn Toolbars - -> chn Control Toolbox

- Sau nhp vo nt More Controls

- Nhn S trn bn phm nhiu ln chn Shockware Flash Object.

- -> - Nhp chut v v ln mt hnh vung ni cn chn file Flash. - Nhp chut phi vo hnh vung va v chn Properties. - Trong ca s bn phi ca dng Custum,nhp tn ca file Flash cn. Trn dng Movie,bn cng nhp tn file

. - phn Playing chn True nu mun file Flash t ng chy khi trnh din.

Nu khng bn c th thit lp thi im chy ca file Flash phn Custom Animation. Ngoi ra,cng c th t cc hiu ng cho n phn Custom Animation nh cc i tng khc. - Sau ng ca Properties. - Cui cng ch vic lu li file powerpoint . Khi bm F5 hoc bn s thy file Movie ca Macromedia Flash chuyn ng rt trc quan trong file trnh din PPT.

Thc hnh PPT


Bi 1: - M th mc trong cng D vi tn ca hc vin (khng vit du). Khi ng PPT. RepLay Font chn font ch mc nh cho ton file. Chn mu nn . - Vit cng thc ton trong PPT. - V mt hnh v hnh hc khng gian bng Wingeom v dn vo Slide. Lu file Wingeom vo th mc tn ca hc vin. To lin kt ti file Wingeom mi to. - V mt hnh v bng Cabri3D. lu file vo th mc ca hc vin. Nhng file Cabri3D vo PPT. To lin kt t PPT ti file Cabri3D va lu. Bi 2: th hm s c tr tuyt i - Dng Graph 3.3 v tng khc th ca hm s y = (x + 2)x(x - 2) v hai khc nm pha trn trc honh ca hm s y = (x + 1)x(x + 2) . - Copy hnh v sang Slide ca PPT. Ungrounping cc on th v lm hiu ng xut hin v bin mt . - a ch v to hiu ng xut hin v bin mt ca ch.

Autograph
I. Autograph c th c dng vi mc ch g?
Autograph l phn mn h tr hc tp v ging dy ton do mt nhm GV v chuyn gia tin hc Anh quc thit lp t nm 2000. Phn mn ny c rt nhiu gii thng l phn mn dng trong nh trng tt nht ti nc Anh v nhiu quc gia EU khc. Phin bn Autograph 3.0 c cng ty ny mi a ra cui nm 2006,u nm 2007 l mt pht trin mang tnh t ph ca phn mm. Autograph c thit k chuyn dng cho GV ging dy mn ton trn lp hc kt hp vi my chiu (projector). Phn mm h tr ging dy mn ton phn i s ( c bit l th v hnh hc gii tch trn mt phng v khng gian) ,xc sut thng k,bao ph hu ht cc module kin thc mn Ton t cc khi lp

THCS n THPT v cc nm u ca chng trnh i hc. Cc c im ni bt nht ca phn mm ny l : - Kh nng th hin cc th hm s p vi nhiu ty bin ng cho cc tham s. - C kh nng to cc hiu ng animation t ng hoc bng tay ngay trn mn hnh rt sinh ng. - Thc hin c hu ht cc tnh ton t ng vi th hm s nh tip tuyn ,tim cn,giao ct,tch phn ,o hm. - Trn mt phng (hoc khng gian ) ta c th thc hin c rt nhiu cc thao tc hnh hc nh to im ,ng trn,vecto,a gic,cc php bin i trn cc i tng hnh hc ny. - Kh nng cho php ngi dng ( GV) v ( vit) trc tip trn mn hnh tng t nh ang lm vic vi mt bng en trong lp hc . - Tt c cc chc nng trn to cho Autograph tr thnh mt cng c l tng cho vic ging dy mn Ton trn lp hc. Vi phn mm ny cc tit hc v dy Ton trn lp s tr nn sinh ng,p mt,chnh xc. - Mt iu na cn nhc li v nhn mnh l Autograph l phn mm c thit k chuyn dng dnh cho GV ging dy mn Ton trn lp hc. iu ny to nn s khc bit so vi hu ht cc phn mm tng t khc ch : cc phn mm tng t khc u c thit k cho ngi s dng va l GV va l HS.

II. Mn hnh Autograph


Autograph c ba ch lm vic chnh: + 1D : dnh cho cc m hnh bi ton thng k. + 2D : th trn mt phng. + 3D : th trong khng gian 3 chiu. Trong bi vit ny t s ch trnh by cc chc nng chnh ca mn hnh 2D. y l ch lm vic hay dng nht ca phn mm v n ph hp vi chng trnh mn ton i s trong nh trng ph thng Vit Nam.

Thc n v thanh cng c

Trang hin thi Trc ta v cc th th hin

Mn hnh lm vic chnh trong ch 2D

Thanh chn cc ch lm vic,chnh sa

Cc phng trnh hm ang th hin trn mn hnh

Mn hnh Autograph c chia thnh cc vng lm vic chnh sau: 1. Vng thc n v thanh cng c chnh y l vng cha cc lnh chnh ca phn mm hon ton tng t nh cc phn mm bt k khc trong mi trng Window. Hu ht cc lnh chnh ca phn mm u c thc hin t h thng cc lnh c trn thc n v thanh cng c ny. Phn mm c 5 thanh cng c chnh sau: + Main : Thanh cng c cc lnh chung v thng dng ca phn mm . + Modes : Thanh cng c bao gm cc cng c ch ra cc ch lm vic chnh trn cc i tng ton hc ca phn mm. + 1D : Cc cng c lm vic vi cc trang d liu kiu 1D ( d liu thng k). + 2D : Cc cng c lm vic vi d liu 2D. + 3D : Cc cng c lm vic vi d liu 3D. 2. Trang lm vic chnh Mi trang ( hay tp ) lm vic chnh c th hin trn khung chnh ca phn mm .

Phn mm cho php m v lm vic vi cng mt lc nhiu trang lm vic. Nh vy mi trang lm vic tng ng vi mt tp (*.agg). Bn hy ch n vng nm bn tri pha trn ca trang lm vic. Ti vng ny s ch r cc trang lm vic hin ang c trong b nh. Mi trang lm vic ch c th l mt trong 3 dng 1D,2D hoc 3D. Trn thc n File bn s thy 3 lnh New ng vi 3 kiu to trang khc nhau ca phn mm . Trong bi vit ny ti s ch m t cc chc nng lm vic chnh ca trang 2D,trang th hin cc phng trnh v th trn mt phng . 3. Cc ch v cng c lm vic Cc ch v cng c lm vic chnh nm trong thanh cng c Modes. C th m t ngn gn cc cng c chnh ca phn mm trong bng sau,ch rng cc ch lm vic ny c thc hin trn tt c cc kiu trang lm vic ca Autograph. Stt Icon 1 Tn cng c Cng c chn M t tm tt ngha y l cng c lm vic chnh. Vi cng c ny ta c th thc hin cc lnh khi to cc i tng ton hc,chn chng v thc hin cc lnh c lin quan n cc i tng ny trn mn hnh trong ch ny. 2 Cng c im (point) 3 Cng c v (Scribble) Ch ngi dng c php b xung v iu chnh cc im,vecto,hnh trn trn mn hnh. y l cng c cho php GV v v vit trc tip trn trang lm vic. Vi chc nng ny mn hnh my tnh phc v nh mt bng (bng mica,khng phi bng en) trn lp hc. GV s dng bt d v nh du hoc k thm cc nt trn mn hnh. Cc ng k thm ny sau ny s c xa i bi cng c ty.

Cng c ty (erase) Cng c th (drag) Cng c phng to (Zoom in) Cng c thu nh (Zoom out)

Cng c ny cho php xa cc i tng c trn mn hnh. Cng c ny c bit hu ch khi cn xa cc nt v do GV b sung trn trang trong ch v t do. Trong ch lm vic ny ,dng chut ko th trn mn hnh s lm dch chuyn ton b h ta trn mn hnh theo hng di chuyn chut. Cng c phng to mn hnh. Sau khi chn cng c ny vic thc hin phng to mn hnh c thc hin bng vic nhy chut trn trang lm vic. Tng t nh trn,cng c ny dng thu nh mn hnh. Cng c ny cho php phong to v dn cch mn hnh theo trc ngang x. Cng c ny cho php thu nh mn hnh theo trc ngang x. Cng c ny cho php phong to v dn cch mn hnh theo trc dc y. Cng c ny cho php thu nh mn hnh theo trc dc y. Cng c cho php phng to mt khung hnh ch nht c xc nh bi vic ko th chut trn mn hnh. Cng c cho php thu nh mn hnh theo t l c xc nh bi mt khung hnh ch nht cho bi vic ko th chut trn mn hnh.

Phng to theo x (Zoom in x) thu nh theo x (Zoom out x)

10

Phng to theo y (Zoom in y) Thu nh theo y (Zoom out y)

11

12

Phng to theo hp (Zoom in box) Thu nh theo hp (Zoom out box)

13

III. Thc hin mt v d minh ha

Trc khi i vo chi tit cc tnh nng mnh ca phn mm ny,chng ta hy cng nhau thc hin mt v d minh ha c th. V d: kho st cc im cc tr ca hm s y =
x4 - 2 x2 + 6 4

- Thc hin lnh File - ->New 2D Graph Page hoc nhn nt trn thanh cng c chnh ca phn mm. Ta thy xut hin mt trang trng vi h ta vung gc trn mn hnh. Nu thy li ta cha vung th hy nhn nt phn mm t ng iu chnh thnh h ta thc s vung gc trn mn hnh. - Bn vo Equation trn thanh cng c vo ca s nhp mt phng trnh hm s mi (ca s Enter Equation). Ti v tr Equation nhp d liu hm s nh trn. Nhp xong nhn nt OK ng hp nhp d liu . Ch : Atograph c kh nng t hiu cch nhp gi liu nhanh ca ngi dng. Thay v cn g chnh xc 2*x^2 th ch cn g 2x^2. Cng c th s dng cc nt k t c bit ngay trong ca s nhp gi liu trn nhp cc s ly tha hoc bng ch ci Hy lp. - Ta s thy xut hin ngay th ca hm s ny trn mn hnh. Mun t m ng k hy dng chut nhn chn th ,sau nhn nt ( kiu ng) trn thanh cng c,chn kiu ng cn th hin ca th. Ta nhn c hnh nh tng t di y m t th hm s ny.

- By gi ta s tnh cc hm f(x),f(x) bng cch sau:

Dng chut nhy chn th ,nhy chut ln nt lnh trn thanh cng c hay tng ng vi lnh Equation - ->Create- ->Gradient Function

Ca s dng sau xut hin

Nhn nt OK ta s thy xut hin th ca hm f(x) trn mn hnh

Tng t nh thc hin vi hm ban u,by gi ta s thc hin vic to o hm bc hai f(x) trn mn hnh nh sau:

Hm ban u

o hm bc 2

o hm bc 1

T th trn GV d dng ch ra: + th o hm f(x) ct trc honh ti 3 im c ta ln lt l -2,0 v 2,nh vy hm s c th c maximum l 3 im cc tr .

+ Ti cc im x = -2 v x = 2ta thy ngay trn mn hnh f(x) t cc gi tr ln hn khng ( > 0) vy ti hai im ny hm s ban u t gi tr cc tiu. + Ti im x = 0,hm f(x) t gi tr < 0 vy hm s gc t gi tr cc i ti im ny. - By gi ta s nh ngha li hm s ban u bng cch a vo cc tham s. Hm c nh ngha li nh sau: Y = ax^4 bx^2 +c

Trong ca s trn nhy nt Edit Constants v iu chnh cc h s a,b,c theo hnh di y:

Nhn nt OK. Kt qu ca vic sa ny c th hin nh sau trn mn hnh ,do cc h s a,b,c c chn nh hm s gc nn chng ta thy cc th khng h thay i trn mn hnh. - By gi chng ta b sung cc dng ch m t th trn mn hnh. Nhy chut nh ln th ca hm s gc chn th ny ,sau nhp chut phi ( s xut hin mt thc n ln) v chn lnh Text box. Xut hin ca s lnh nhp dng ch (nhn) cho th ny. Mn hnh s c dng tng t sau:

Khun dng cc th khng thay i do vic chn cc h s a,b,c ging nh hm gc . Ch n khung ch nht pha di ,cng thc hm s thay i.

- By gi chng ta cng thc hin chc nng dynamic classroom hay lp hc di ng ca phn mm. Ta thc hin nh cc hnh sau y: vo View- ->Toolbars - ->Customize

- -> Trong hp thoi tip theo kch chn Commands - ->View- -> Thc hin kch (gi ) chut tri vo bit tng v r n cc biu tng

trn thanh cng c v th chut khi ta c c nh hnh sau: tip theo kch chn biu tng Constant Controller xut hin nh hnh di y. trn thanh cng c hp hi thoi

y l hp thoi c chc nng iu chnh ng cc tham s c trn trang , bin i chng trc tip v cc th th hin trn mn hnh s bin i ng theo . + Trong hp thoi trn ta c th chn tng tham s tin hnh cng vic iu khin ty bin. Gi s chn tham s a nh hnh trn. + Cc nt lnh dng iu chnh gi tr Step l bc chy ca tam s a. kch hot s thay i ca thm s a. khi a thay i

+ Dng chut nhy vo cc nt

cc th trn trang cng s thay i theo,chng ta s nhn r cc hiu ng ny ngay trn mn hnh.

Mun qu trnh bin i trn sy ra hon ton t ng chng ta hy nhn nt lnh Options vo mn hnh cc thng s chi tit cho vic trnh din . Sau khi t xong cc tham s bin i cho cc tham s a,b,c chng ta bt u c th tin hnh cc bin i t ng cc tham s ny bng cch nhy chut vo cc nt tng ng trong hp thoi Constant Controller nh hnh sau y. C th thc hin bin i tng tham s hoc ng thi c ba tham s.

Nhy chut ti y iu khin ton b 3 tham s cng bin i t ng

Trong hnh ny ,chng ta c th cho cc th trn mn hnh cng chuyn ng khi thay i t ng cc tham s a,b,c. C th thc hin vic bin i tng tham s hoc ng thi tt c cc tham s

Nhy chut ti y iu khin ring mt tham s hin thi c trong hp

Nh vy thng qua mt v d c th chng ta thy r cc tnh nng rt mnh ca phn mm Autograph. Nh mt cng c h tr c lc GV ging dy trn lp hc.

Bi tp thc hnh Geometers Sketchpad (GSP)

Ch : khng c son trn cc file trong th mc Custom Tools.

Bi 1. Dy th : a h ta ra mn hnh GSP 1. Ly hai im trn trc honh. Chn mt im M di ng trn on thng to bi hai on . Trch honh ca M ( x M ). Tnh v a ra mn hnh x3 - 3x2 + 2 .V im c M ta ( x M , x3 - 3x2 + 2 ). To vt ca im ny. To nt chuyn ng cho M. M 2. To cc thanh trt ph thuc tham s a,b,c,d. V th hm s y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c . To nt n/ hin th ny. a ra bi tp trc nghim v nhn bit th hm s bc bn trng phng. 3. V th hm s y = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d . Th hin tnh cht im un l tm i ca th ,to nt n/hin th ny. 4. Dy v tnh cht th hm s l , th hm s chn. a ra bi tp trc nghim v nhn bit th hm s l,hm s chn. 5. V th hm s y = ax 2 + bx + c . Tnh v a ra mn hnh ta (honh ,tung ) nh ca parabol. To vt cho nh. Cho a,c c nh cn b thay i,nhn xt v qu tch ca nh. To nt n/hin th ny.
ax2 + bx + c 6. V th hm s y = . V cc ng tim cn. Th hin tnh cht giao hai dx + e

tim cn l tm i xng ca th. To nt n hin cc tim cn. To nt n hin th ny. 7. Gi cch gii bi tp : H ng thng ( Da ): y = ax + 1 - a2 - 4a,a ,lun tip xc vi mt parabol c nh. H ng thng x.cos(a)+y.sin(a)+2.sin(a)+3.cos(a)-1=0 lun
(3m + 1)x - m 2 + m tip xc vi mt ng trn c nh. H ng cong y = lun tip xc x+m

vi hai ng thng c nh. Bi 2.

Minh ha : nh ngha gii hn ca gii hn hm s. nh ngha o hm. Y ngha hnh hc ca o hm,tip tuyn l v tr gii hn ca ct tuyn. H s gc ca tip tuyn vi th y = f(x) bng gi tr ca o hm bc nhtcuar hm s ti honh tip im. Bi 3. Dy Ellip,parabol,hypebol : nh ngha , th, khong cch nh nht t mt im nm trn ellip(parabol) n mt ng thng khng ct ellip(parabol). Bi 4. a). Dy php tnh tin (i xng tm,quay,v t) : nh ngha ,tnh cht (nh tnh v nh lng). b). Dng mt hnh hp ,dng mt hnh chp,dng mt hnh nn trn xoay,dng mt tr trn xoay. Bi 5. Dy hm s cun v th hm s y = sin(x) , y = cos(x),y = tan(x). - a h ta ra mn hnh. Dng ng trn tm O bn knh bng 1. Xc nh n v o gc l Radian. - Ly mt im M trn ng trn. Dng cung I(1,0)M. Tnh di hnh hc Arc Angle ca cung va dng. Tnh sin ca Arc Angle . V im A c honh l Arc Angle,tung l sin ca Arc Angle. Dng hnh chiu vung gc H ca A trn trc honh. Dng on OH v on AH. T mu on OH cng mu vi cung IM. Dng hnh chiu vung gc K ca M trn trc honh. Dng on MK. T mu on MK cng mu vi on AH. To nt cho M chuyn ng trn ng trn theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h v quay trong mt ng trn. To vt cho im A - Lm tng t cho im N di ng xui chiu kim ng h. Ch : to vt ca im B l im c honh l Arc Angle ca cung IN. Bi 6. Trn ng thng d ly 3 im H,B,A theo th t A,B c nh ,gi d l ng thng vung gc vi d ti H. M l im di ng trn d. Gi C l hnh chiu ca B trn AM. Gi s BC ct d ti N,AN ct BM ti B. a). CM: ng trn ng knh MN lun i qua hai im c nh I,J.

b). Tm qu tch tm E ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMN . c). CM :CD lun i qua mt im c nh. Bi 7. Cho hai ng trn (O) v (O) tip xc trong ti A. Gi AB l ng knh ca (O) v AC l .knh ca (O). Mt ng thng thay i i qua A ct (O) v (O) ln lt ti M v N. a). Tm qu tch giao im I ca BN v CM. b). Gi E,F ln lt l trung im ca BN v CM. Chng minh ng thng EF lun i qua im c nh,tm qu tch E,F. Bi 8. Cho im P ngoi ng trn (O),mt ng thng thay i qua P ct (O) ti hai im A,B. Cc tip tuyn ca (O) ti A,B ct nhau M: a). Tm qu tch ca M. b). Tm qu tch tm J ca ng trn ngoi tip t gic OAMB **Suy ngh thm : Nu gi E l giao im ca OA v BM ,F l giao im ca OB v AM th qu tch ca E,F s ra sao? Bi 9. Cho hai im c nh A,B. Hai ng trn (O) v (O) lu ng ln lt tip xc vi AB A,B. T s bn knh ca hai n trn l mt hng s v chng cng nm mt pha i vi AB a) Tip tuyn chung ngoi th hai ca (O) v(O) i qua im no. b) Tip tuyn trn ct trc ng phng ca (O) v(O) ti I. Tm qu tch ca I.

Bi 10. Cho ba im A,B,C thng hng theo th t. Gi (O) l ng trn tm O thay i i qua B v C. T A k cc tip tuyn AE v AF n (O). Gi I,N ln lt l trung im ca BC,EF a) CM: E,F lun nm trn mt ng trn c nh. b) Tm qu tch tm J ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ONI.

Bi 11. Cho A,B,H thng hng theo th t. Gi d l ng thng vung gc vi AB ti H. M l im di ng trn d. Gi C l hnh chiu ca B trn AM. BC ct d ti N,AN ct BM ti D a) CM: ng trn ng kinh MN lun i qua hai im c nh I,J. b) CM : ng trn tm J ngoi tip tam gic AMN qua hai im c nh A,E. v CD i qua im c nh K. Tm qu tch cu J. c) CD ct (J) ti P,Q. Tm qu tch ca P,Q. Bi 12. 1. V on trung bnh nhn: cho c hai on c di a,b. V on x sao cho x = a.b 2. V hai on bit tng v tch : Cho sn hai on c di s v m . hy v hai on x,y bit rng x+y = s. v x.y = m. 3. V hai on bit hiu v tch : cho sn hai on h v n. hy v hai on x,y bit rng x-y = h v x.y = m. Bi 13. Cho ng trn tm (O) ng knh AB = 2R c nh. Trn tip tuyn ca (O) ti B ly hai im H,K sao cho BH.BK = R.AK v AH ct (O) ti E,F a) CM: t gic EFHK ni tip trong mt ng trn. b) CM : ng trn (I) ngoi tip tam gic AHK i qua hai im c nh. c) Tm qu tch ca I. Bi 14. Cho mt ng thng d v hai im A,B nm v mt pha i vi d. Hy dng ng trn i qua A,B v tip xc vi d. Hy suy ngh xem: Nu AB song song vi d? Nu A hoc B nm trn d? Nu A,B nm v hai pha i vi d. (AB ct d ti I,dng ng trn qua A,B. Dng tip tuyn IK. Dng ng trn tm I bn knh IK,ct d ti T,T. Dng hai ng thng vung gc vi d ti T v T,ct ng trung trc ca AB ti J,J. Hai ng trn (J,JT) v (J,JT) cn dng). Bi 15. 1. Dng ba ng cao,ba ng trung tuyn,ba ng phn gic ca mt tam gic.

2. Dng tip tyn : ti mt im thuc ng trn,i qua mt im nm ngoi hnh trn. Du cc bc dng trung gian. Hin th hiu cc s o di ca hai tip tuyn. Dng tip tuyn chung ( ngoi,trong) ca hai ng trn. Dng mt ng trn ni tip trong mt tam gic. 3. dng mt ng trn. Chn ba im A,B,M trn ng trn. Dng trc tm H ca tam gic ABM. To to ra chuyn ng ca M trn ng trn. To vt ca trc tm H.

thc hnh Wingeom


cu 1. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c y l mt hnh vung c cnh bng 2 v cnh bn bng 4. Trn cc cnh SC,SD,AB ln lt ly M,N,P sao cho
SM 1 SN 2 AP 1 = ; = ; = . SC 3 SD 3 AB 2

Dng thit din ca hnh chp i qua 3 im M,N,P. Tnh din tch thit din. Cu 2. Qua mt im M di ng trn cnh AB ca t din ABCD,dng mt phng song song vi AC v BD. Dng thit din ,tnh t s Cu 3. Cho tam gic u SAB v hnh vung ABCD cnh bng 2 nm trong hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau. im M di ng trn on SA. Tm qu tch hnh chiu H ca S trn mt phng CDM. Cu 4.
AM din tch thit din l ln nht. AB

Trong mt phng cho ng trn (C) ng knh AB. Trn ng thng i qua im A v vung gc vi ,ly mt im S. Cho im M di ng trn ng trn ( C) . Mt phng b i qua A,vung gc vi SB ln lt ct SM,SB ti M,B. Tm qu tch M khi M di ng. Cu 5. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l mt hnh vung v SA ^ mp(ABCD) cho M di ng trn on BC. Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn DM. Tm qu tch im K khi M di ng. Cu 6. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c y l mt hnh vung,c cnh bng 1,chiu cao bng 2. Dng thit din to bi mt phng i qua im A v vung gc vi SC. Tnh din tch thit din. Cu 7. Cho hnh chp SABCD a) Dng giao tuyn ca cc mp : (SAB) v (SCD); (SAC) v (SBD). b) Gi M l trung im ca SA. Dng thit din ca mt phng (MCD) vi hnh chp. Cu 8. Dy tnh cht thit din song song vi y ca mt hnh chp. Cu 9. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh a) Gi M,N,P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB,AD v SC. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mp(MNP). b) Vn bi ton trn,thay gi thit l im P lu ng trn cnh SC. Tm tp hp trng tm G ca tam gic MNP. Cu 10. Cho hnh chp SABCD . Mt mp(P) lu ng cha AB ct cnh SC , SD ti M,N. Gi I l giao im ca AN,BM;J l giao im ca AM v BN. 1. CMR: I,J lun nm trn cc ng thng c nh.

2. Gi (Q) l mp lu ng cha CD. Tm giao tuyn d ca (P)v (Q). CMR: d lun i qua mt im c nh. Cu 11. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi H,K ln lt l trung im ca SA,SB. Gi M l im lu ng trn SC khng trng vi S,mt phng (MHK) ct SD ti N . a) Gi I l giao im ca MK v NH .tm tp hp tp hp ca I. b) Gi J l giao im ca MH v NK. Tm tp hp ca J. Cu 12. Cho t din ABCD . Gi (P) l mp thay i lun i qua cc trung im I v K ca cc cnh DA v DB . Gi s (P) ct cc cnh CA,CB ln lt ti M,N. a) Gi O l giao im ca IM v KN.Chng t O lun nm trn mt ng thng c nh. b) Gi O l giao im ca IN v KM .Tm tp hp O. Cu 13. Trong mt phng cho .trn (O) ,bn knh R,CD l mt ng knh ca (O) ,EF l mt dy lu ng // hoc trng vi CD. Trn ng vung gc vi mp ti O,ly mt im S. Gi H l trung im ca EF. Gi I,M l tm ng trn ngoi tip cc tam gic SCD,SEF . a) CM: IM ^ mp(SEF). b) Gi s 0<OH<R. Tm tp hp cc im M. Cu 14. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD,cnh y a,ng cao SH bng 2a.M l im di ng trn cnh AH. mp(P) qua M v // vi AD v SH ct AB,DC,SD,SA ti I,J,K,L. 1. nh v tr ca M th tch khi a din DAKLH t GTLN. 2. (P) ct DB ti N tm qu tch giao im E ca hai ng cho t gic MNKL Cu 15. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y hnh vung . Gi M l im di ng trn SA v I,J ln lt l trung im ca BC,CD. a) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mp(MIJ).

b) Tm qu tch trng tm G ca tam gic MIJ . Cu 16. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y hnh vung cnh a . SA = a v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). 1. Cmr: cc mt bn ca hnh chp l cc tam gic vung. 2. Mp(P) qua Avaf vung gc vi SC ln lt ct SB,SC,SD ti B,C,D.Cmr: B,D song song vi BD v AB vung gc vi SB. 3. M l im di ng trn on BC, gi K l hnh chiu ca S trn DM tm qu tch ca K. Cu 17. Hnh chp S.ABCD c y hnh thoi tm O cnh a,gc BAD = 60. SO vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SO = 3a/4 . Gi E,F l trung im ca BC,BE. 1. Cmr : mp(SOF) ^ mp (SBC). 2. Tnh khong cch t O v A n mt phng(SBC). 3. Gi (P) l mt phng qua AD v vung gc vi mp(SBC). Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi (P). Tnh din tch thit din ny . Cu 18. Trong mt phng (P) cho ng trn tm O bn knh R,CD l mt ng knh c nh ca O,EF l mt dy cung song song hay cng vi CD.trn ng thng vung gc vi (P) ti O,ta ly mt im S sao cho SO = R. Gi H l trung im ca EF . 1. Gi s EF //CD Cmr: hai mt phng (SEF) v (SOH) vung gc nhau. 2. Gi I v M l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic SCD v SEF . Cmr: IM ^ mp(SEF) . 3. Tm tp hp cc im M.

Cu 19. Cho tam gic u SAB v hnh vung ABCD cnh a nm trong hai mt phng vung gc nhau.gi H,K l trung im ca AB v CD ; v F,E l trung im ca SA ,SB 1. Tnh khong cch t A n mp(SCD)

2. Gi G l giao im ca CE v DF .Cmr: G l trng tm ca tam gic SHK. 3. Gi M l im di ng trn SA.Tm qu tch hnh chiu ca S trn mt phng (CDM). Cu 20. Hnh chp S.ABCD c y hnh vung c cnh a,cc cnh bn u bng a/3 . 1. Tnh khong cch t S n mp(ABCD). 2. Gi (P) l mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SC. Hy xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi (P) . 3. Tnh din tch thit din trn. 4. Tnh sin ca gc AB v mp(P). Cu 21. Cho A l im c nh trong ng trn (O) . M l im di ng trn (O). 1. Cmr: ng trung trc ca AM lun tip xc vi mt Ellip c nh . 2. AM ct mp( O) ti M .Cmr: trung trc ca AM cng tip xc vi (E) trn. 3. Gi N l im trn (O) sao cho AN ^ AM .Tm qu tch giao im P ca cc trung trc ca AM v AN. 4. Gi Q l hnh chiu ca A trn AN,tm qu tch Q. 5. Cmr: MN lun tip xc vi mt (E) c nh. Cu 22. Cho ng trn c nh tm O bn knh R. F l mt im c nh ngoi ng trn.N l mt im lu ng trn ng trn. Gi d l ng thng vung gc vi FN ti N.Cmr : d lun tip xc vi mt hypebol (H). Cu 23. Cho nhng parabol(P) nhn O lm nh v i qua mt im M cho trc (khc O) 1. Tm qu tch chn ng vung gc N h t M ln trc ca (P). 2. Tm qu tch giao im P ca tip tuyn ca (P) ti M vi trc. Cu 24. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A.Tam gic chyn ng sao cho nh A c nh cn im B chy trn ng thng d c nh,nh c chuyn ng sao cho BC ^ (d)

Thc hnh Cabri3D


Cu1. Dy v giao tuyn ca 3 mt phng phn bit trong khng gian. Cu 2. Cho bi ton : trong mt phng a cho ng trn (C ) ng knh AB. Trn ng thng i qua im A v vung gc vi a ,ly mt im S. Cho im M di ng trn ng trn (C ). Mt phng b i qua A,vung gc vi SB ln lt ct SM,SB ti M,B.Tm qu tch Mkhi M di ng. Cu 3. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y hnh vung v SA ^ mp(ABCD). Cho M di ng trn BC. Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn DM .Tm qu tch im K khi M di ng. Cu 4. Cho tam gic u SAB v hnh vung ABCD cnh a nm trong hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau. im M di ng trn on SA. Tm qu tch hnh chiu H ca S trn mt phng (CDB) . Cu 5. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c y l mt hinh vung,c cnh bng a,chiu cao bng 2a. Dng thit din to bi mt phng i qua im A v vung gc vi SC. - Dng hnh vung trn mt phng c s a - Dng ng thng h i qua tm v vung gc a . - Dng mt on thng c mt u mt ti tm O ca hnh vung v c di bng 2a. - Dng mt cu tm O,bn knh 2a. Dng S l giao ca h vi mt cu. Sau khi c hnh chp tha cc yu cu dng thit din. Cu 6. Dy php bin hnh trong khng gian ( i xng tm,i xng trc,i xng mt).

You might also like