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Ethanol,Methanol,andMTBE:

AnInves4ga4onintoSouthern
California sOxygenateProle

ClaytonElder
SARP2011WholeAirGroup
Dr.DonBlake

Introduc)on
OxygenatesofInterest

Ethanol,Methanol,MTBE

Methods

Rowland/BlakeTraceGasAnaly)calSystem
ComparisonTechniques
MappinginArcGIS

Findings

ComparisonsbetweenSanJoaquinValleyandLABasin
OxygenateCorela)ons
OxygenateProles
EvidenceofOxygenateProduc)onandUseage

Conclusions

Projec)ons&Implica)ons

OxygenatesofInterest
Methanol

Vola)leSolvent,MiscibleinH2O
UsedasFuelforDragRacing
ToxicinHumans(Destroys
Nerve)ssue)
NaturallyEmiXedfromLiving
Plants
~2WeekLife)mein
Atmosphere

MTBE

Methyltertbutylether
PolarSolvent
Usedasanan)knocking
agentinGasoline
Iden)edasgoundwater
contaminantinmid1990s
ReducedUsageSincemid90s
~4DayLife)meinAtmosphere

OxygenatedHydrocarbons(Alcohols)
Ethanol

DrinkingAlcohol
SolubleinWater
FuelAddi)ve(BioFuel)
NaturallyEmiXedfromLiving
Plantsanddecomposing
OrganicMaXer(fermenta)on)
~4Daylife)meinAtmosphere

FromGassesinaCanto
InterpretableData
Concentration Data
(Absorbance Peaks)

Multi Detector GC
System

Baseline Modified
Data Organized into
Excel Spreadsheet

nal
o
i
t
c
n
Fu
Data
on
i
t
a
t
e
r
Interp

Ethanol/MethaneasIndicatorsof
CaXleFarms

Ethanolevolu)on
fromsilage
stockpile
fermenta)on

Methane
evolu)onfrom
wasteseXling
ponds

LinearCorrela)ons

3500.0
3000.0
2500.0

t
p 2000.0
p
e
n
a
h
tE 1500.0
1000.0
500.0
0.0
0

200

400

600

iButaneppt

800

1,000

Ethanol/MethaneBiModalPlot?
8000
7000
6000

t 5000
p
p
l
o 4000
n
a
h
tE

Other Source?

Harris Ranch

3000
2000
1000
0
0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

Methaneppm

2.00

2.50

3.00

Uptakeand
EmissionsofShort
ChainOxygenates

R.Secoetal./AtmosphericEnvironment41(2007)
24772499

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20HighestEthanol
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Concentra)onsin
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FourMissions
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Legend
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SARP_2011 Top 20 Ethanol


SARP_2010 Top 20 Ethanol
SARP_2009 Top 20 Ethanol
ARCTAS Top 20 Ethanol

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TopEthanolValuesProle
SARP2011

SARP2010

NumberofSamplesExamined
130
94
MaxEthaneppt
7613
1769
20thHighestEthaneppt
1963
830
GeneralLoca4onofMax
OrangeCove,CA WofMerced,CA
Ethane

SARP2009

ARCTAS

202
11889
5300

856
5407
2902

OrangeCove,CA

SWofDavis,CA

SAME REGION

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Legend
SARP_2011 Top 20 Ethanol
Ethanol ppt

3
1

-7
61

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39
9

-3
99

2
28
6

-2
86

2
23
2

21
6

-2
32

4
-2
16
3
19
6

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SARP_2010 Top 20 Ethanol


Ethanol ppt

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-1
0

14
1

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SARP_2009 Top 20 Ethanol


Ethanol ppt

89
-1
18

6
6
82
8

-8
28

0
66
5

-6
65

0
63
0

58
7

-6
30

6
-5
87
0
53
0

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-1
76

0
11
0

85
4

91
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-9

-1
10

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54
-8
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Ethanol,Methanol,MTBEasFuel
Addi)ves?
Increasingpopularityinaddingethanolin
Gasoline(Bioenergyresource)
Methanolusedinhighperformancevehicles
MTBEtradi)onallyusedas an)knock agent
HYPOTHESIS:
Duetothehighconcentra.onofgasoline
consump.onintheLABasin,Weexpecthigh
concentra.onsofthesefueladdi.ves.

Day1Flights:Ethanolpptv.JulianTime
8000
7000
6000

t 5000
p
pl
o 4000
n
a
ht
E 3000
2000
1000
0
179.75

179.80

179.85

179.90

179.95

180.00

180.05

JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)

PMFlight(LABasin)

180.10

Day2Flights:Ethanolpptv.JulianTime
4500
4000
3500

t 3000
p
pl 2500
o
n
a 2000
ht
E
1500
1000
500
0
181.75

181.80

181.85

181.90

181.95

182.00

JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)

PMFlight(LABasin)

Day1Flights:Methanolpptv.Julian
Time
700
600
500

t
p
pl 400
o
n
a
ht 300
e
M
200
100
0
179.75

179.80

179.85

179.90

179.95

180.00

180.05

JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)

PMFlight(LABasin)

180.10

Day2Flights:Methanolpptv.JulianTime
700
600
500

t
p
pl
o 400
n
a
ht 300
e
M
200
100
0
181.75

181.80

181.85

181.90

181.95

182.00

JulianTime
AMFlight(SanJoaquinValley)

PMFlight(LABasin)

MTBEConcentra)onsinARCTAS
(2008)Missions
225
200
175
150
t
p 125
p
E
B
T
M100
75
50
25
0
10

11

12

13

14

15

16 17 18 19 20
ArctasFlightNumber

21

22

23

24

25

SARP2011MTBEConcentra)ons
8.0
7.0
6.0

t 5.0
p
p

E 4.0
B
T
M
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
178

180

182

184

186

JulianTime

188

190

192

194

Conclusions
Withthesimplicityofcomparinggasconcentra)ons
andcorrela)onsalongwithArcGISmapping
Techniques,tracegasprolescanbeeasily
iden)ed.
ExaminingtheprimarylobeintheEthanol/Methane
correla)onleadsustobelievelivingplants
(par)cularlyOrangeTrees)areaprimarysourceof
ethanolintheSanJoaquinValley
Oxygenateaddi)veshavenoapparentsignicancein
theLABasin
MTBEConcentra)onsCon)nuetobeontheDecline

SpecialThanks
Air Group Super Team
Don Blake
Julie Lee
Rowland/Blake Lab Research Team
Emily Schaller
Rick Shetter
Shawn Kefauver & Sherry Palacios
NSERC
NASA

Ques)ons?

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