You are on page 1of 16

C1: Basic Concepts, Basic Circuit Analysis Techniques 1.

X l tn hiu, s v vai tr ca cc khi trong s khi *X l tn hiu: Chuyn i tn hiu (m thanh, hnh nh, ...) thnh cc tn hiu in (tng t, s) thch hp cho vic x l, lu tr. *S & vai tr cc khi trong s : 2. Khi nim ngun dng, ngun p. Ngun dng c lp, ph thuc. Ngun p c lp, ph thuc *Ngun p: Gi tr in p h mch ca ngun (V). *Ngun dng: Gi tr dng ngn mch ca ngun (A). *Ngun c lp: in p/dng in cung cp khng ph thuc vo vic thay i trong mch ni vi ngun. * Ngun ph thuc: in p/dng in cung cp ph thuc theo mt quy lut nht nh no vo vic thay i trong mch ni vi ngun. 3. S v cc tham s ca ngun khng l tng.

*Ngun dng: Rn It Ing *Ngun p: Rn 0 Uab Ung 4. Biu din phc ca mt dao ng iu ha v cc tnh ton vi biu din phc.

E: Bin hiu dng Em: Bin phc 5. S tng ng gia cc ton t v cc biu din.

6. Cc khi nim tr khng v dn np cng cc cch tnh tr khng v dn np cho mt mch in. *Tr khng(Z): Ton t c nhim v bin i dng in thnh in p:

( Mc ni tip) *Dn np(Y=Z-1): Ton t c nhim v bin i in p thnh dng in:

( Mc song song )

7. Cc yu t hnh hc ca mt mch in, cc xc nh (cng thc xc nh) ca cc yu t .

*
* * * * * * * * *

Biu din th (graph): s cu trc hnh hc m t s ghp ni gia cc phn t trong mch. Nhnh (edge): phn on mch nm gia hai nt v ch cha cc phn t mc ni tip nhau. S lng nhnh: Nnh Nt (node): im gp nhau ca 3 nhnh tr ln. S nt: Nn Cy (tree): phn mch bao gm mt s nhnh i qua ton b cc nt nhng khng to thnh vng kn. Nhnh cy (branch): nhnh thuc cy. S nhnh cy: Nc ; nhnh khng thuc cy gi l nhnh b cy. S nhnh b cy: Nb Nc = Nn 1 Nb = Nnh Nc Vng (loop): phn mch bao gm mt s nt v mt s nhnh to thnh mt vng kn m mi nt ch gp mt ln. Vng c bn (ng vi mt cy): vng ch cha mt b cy. S vng c bn: Nv . Nv = Nb = Nnh Nn + 1 8. Cc nh lut Kirchhoff v ng dng phn tch mch in.

9. Phng php in p nt, phng php dng in vng, phng php phng php s dng nguyn l xp chng, phng php ngun tng ng Thevenin-Norton.

*Phng php ngun tng ng Thevenin-Norton:

10. Mng bn cc, cc ma trn tham s ca mng bn cc v cch xc nh cc tham s vi mt mch in cho trc.

*Ma trn tr khng:

*Ma trn dn np:

*Ma trn truyn t:

*Ma trn truyn t ngc:

*Ma trn hn hp:

*Ma trn hn hp ngc:

11. Cc phng thc ghp ni mng bn cc v cch tnh cc tham s ca mng ghp. *Ghp ni ni tip - ni tip (N-N):

*Ghp ni song song - song song (S-S):

*Ghp ni ni tip - song song (N-S):

*Ghp ni song song - ni tip (S-N):

*Ghp ni theo kiu dy chuyn:

12. S tng ng ca mng bn cc tuyn tnh, th ng, tng h.

C2: Electronic Devices (Part 1) 1. Linh kin in t v vai tr ca chng trong cc sn phm cng ngh hin i. *Linh kin in t: L cc thnh phn c bn c th ghp ni thnh mch in t hay thit b in t. 2. S pht trin cng ngh v mt tch hp ca cc chip in t. *Nm 2004, cng ty Intel (M) ch to chip Pentium 4 vi trn 42 triu con transistor. 3. S pht trin cng ngh v xu hng ca kch thc cng ngh. * ra i dng chip 19nm, nh hn rt nhiu so vi kch thc 55m nm 1960 C2: Electronic Devices (Part 2) 1. Phn b mc nng lng: Cu trc nng lng ca mt nguyn t c lp, ca cc nguyn t khi to thnh nt mng tinh th; khi nim vng cm, vng dn, vng ha tr; phn bit gia cht dn in, cht cch in, v cht bn dn. * Cu trc nng lng ca mt nguyn t c lp: C dng l cc mc nng lng ri rc. * Cu trc nng lng ca mt nguyn t khi to thnh nt mng tinh th: S tng tc ca cc nguyn t lm bin dng mc nng lng to thnh di * Cc khi nim: + Vng ha tr: Trong tt c cc mc nng lng b chim ch. +Vng dn: Trong cc mc nng lng u cn b trng hay ch b chim ch mt phn. +Vng cm: Trong khng tn ti cc mc nng lng no in t c th chim ch, hay xc sut tm ht ti y bng 0.

2. Khi nim cht bn dn; Cht bn dn thun; Cht bn dn pha tp: loi n v loi p. * Cht bn dn: L loi vt liu c mc dn in khong gia mc dn sut ca cht cch in v cht dn in. * Cht bn dn thun: Cht bn dn c tinh khit ca cc nguyn t cao(~100%) * Cht bn dn pha tp: + Bn dn loi n: Pha thm cc nguyn t thuc nhm V + Bn dn loi p: Pha thm cc nguyn t thuc nhm III 3. Cc qu trnh to ht dn trong cc cht bn dn. Qu trnh ti hp in t v l trng.

4. S hnh thnh tip gip PN; Tip gip PN khi cha c in p phn cc, khi c in p phn cc thun, khi c in p phn cc ngc. * Tip gip PN:

* Tip gip PN khi cha c in p phn cc: Et t n p to nn mt hng ro th nng ngn cn s khuch tn tip theo ca cc l trng qua lp tip xc. * Tip gip PN khi c in p phn cc thun:

* Tip gip PN khi c in p phn cc ngc:

5. Dng in qua tip gip PN khi c phn cc, khi khng c phn cc. * Dng in qua tip gip PN khi c phn cc:

6. Cc c ch nh thng tip gip PN.

*C ch nh thng xuyn hm: in trng ngc tng v ln, cc nguyn t b ion ha, xy ra nhiu ln, s lng ht dn tng t ngt, dng ngc tng nhanh. 7. Khi nim c bn v Diode. * it: L linh kin gm c mt lp tip xc P-N v hai cc l ant (A) ni vi bn dn P v catt (K) c ni ti bn dn N + L linh kin in t phi tuyn + Dn in khi phn cc thun (UAK > 0) Kha khi phn cc nghch (UAK < 0) 8. Cu to, k hiu, nguyn l hot ng, c tuyn V-A, mt s tham s c bn, s tng ng, v ng dng ca Diode chnh lu. * Cu to, k hiu:

* Nguyn l hot ng:

* c tuyn V-A:

in p ngng: UD = 0.5 0.8 cho Silic , UD = 0.2 0.4 cho Gecmani. * Mt s tham s c bn: + in tr ng trung bnh: Tn hiu c s thay i ln. + in p ngc cc i: Ungc,max ln nht c th t vo Diode m n vn bnh thng(~0.8Unh thng ) (V-104 ) + H s chnh lu: c trng cho phi tuyn

hot ng

+ in dung:

* S tng ng:

* ng dng:

9. Khi nim c bn, nguyn l lm vic, c tuyn V-A, ng dng ca Diode Zener. * Khi nim c bn: L Diode bn dn c ch to c bit s dng ch nh thng v in ca chuyn tip P-N n nh in p * Nguyn l lm vic: +S dng hiu ng nh thng xuyn hm. +in p n p l in p nh thng ca Diode Vz. +Lm vic ch phn cc ngc. * c tuyn V-A: +Phn cc thun: Ging Diode chnh lu. +Phn cc ngc: Khc nhiu Diode chnh lu. *ng dng: Mch n p. 10. Khi nim c bn, cu to, k hiu, ch hot ng, v nguyn l lm vic ca transistor lng cc (BJT). * Khi nim c bn: BJT l thit b bn dn gm 3 lp( min) bn dn pha tp to nn 3 min cc: Pht ( E ), gc ( B ), v gp ( C ) tng ng, 3 min c phn tch bi 2 lp tip xc P-N. * Cu to: + BJT thun: 3 lp PNP, ngc: NPN. + Min E: Pha tp nng ln; Min B: Pha tp nng va phi, kch thc kh mng; Min C: Pha tp nng thp * K hiu:

* Ch hot ng: + iu kin khng c phn cc: Dng in tng chy qua cc cc ca tranzito bng 0 ( Cn bng nhit) + Ph thuc in p mt chiu t vo cc cc: - Ch ngt: C 2 tip gip PN u phn cc ngc in tr rt ln, dng qua cc cc rt nh. - Ch dn bo ha: C 2 PN u phn cc thun in tr nh, dng chy qua cc cc ln. - Ch tch cc thun: Tip gip BE phn cc thun, cn BC phn cc ngc. BJT lm vic nh mt phn t tch cc ( khuch i dng, p, cng sut). Thng dng. - Ch tch cc o: BE phn cc ngc, BC thun Khng mong mun * Nguyn l lm vic:

+ Ch ngt: + Ch bo ha:

+ Ch phn cc thun: BE phn cc thun, BC phn cc ngc. 11. Mt s cng thc c bn ca BJT lm vic ch lm vic tch cc thun.

12. Cc cch mc BJT.

13. Phn cc cho BJT: Khi nim chung, ng ti v im lm vic tnh, cc phng php phn cc v tnh ton c bn cho cc s phn cc transistor lm vic ch tch cc thun. * Khi nim chung: Thit lp cc iu kin cho lp tip xc PN, ty theo in p phn cc m n c chc nng lm vic: + Khuch i: Ch tch cc thun (BE thun, BC ngc) +Chuyn mch: Ch bo ha v ngt. * ng ti v im lm vic tnh: + ng ti: ng thng ni im BJT lm vic ch ngt vi BJT bo ha. + im lm vic tnh: Giao ca c tuyn ti v c tuyn ra ca BJT.

*Cc phng php phn cc: + Bng dng c nh. + Bng mch hi tip m: -Hi tip: Ly 1 phn tn hiu ra a vo u vo - Hi tip dng: Tn hiu ra tng Tn hiu vo tng. - Hi tip m: Tn hiu ra tng Tn hiu vo gim. -Phng php: Cc gp; Cc pht; Cc gp & cc pht + Bng mch phn p. + Phn cc b. * Tnh ton c bn cho cc s phn cc transistor lm vic ch tch cc thun. 14. Phn cc cho transistor BJT lm vic ch chuyn mch. * ch chuyn mch, BJT lm vic nh 1 kha in t.

C2: Electronic Devices (Part 3) 1. Khi nim c bn, phn loi, k hiu v so snh transistor FET vi transistor BJT. *Khi nim c bn: Transistor hiu ng trng (Field Effect Transistor) l mt dng linh kin bn dn ng dng hiu ng in tr sut ca bn dn c th iu kin (thay i) bng in trng. + FET: iu khin bng in p. + Dng in trong FET: Mt loi ht dn to thnh. + FET c 3 chn cc tng ng cc cc ca BJT: -Cc ngun (S - Source) - cc E. -Cc ca (G - Gate) - cc B. -Cc mng (D - Drain) - cc C. * Phn loi: + Theo cu trc cc ca: -JFET: G ngn cch vi knh dn bng vng ngho ca tip gip phn cc ngc. -IGFET: cc ca cch ly vi knh dn. -MESFET: Cch ly bng vng ngho chuyn tip kim loi - bn dn. -MOSFET: Cch ly bng lp in mi -xt (SiO2).

+ Theo s hnh thnh knh dn: ( t sn & cm ng) + Theo loi ht a s trong knh dn: ( n & p) * K hiu:

* So snh transistor FET vi transistor BJT.

2. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng, cc c tuyn ca JFET. * Cu to:

* Nguyn l hot ng:

* Cc c tuyn:

3. Cc cch mc JFET, cc phng php phn cc v cc tnh ton c bn cho mch phn cc JFET. * Cc cch mc JFET: 3 cch + Cc ngun chung(CS): Dng ph bin trong cc mch khuch i + Cc mng chung(CD): Dng ph bin trong cc tng khuch i m, tn s cao. + Cc ca chung(CG): Dng ph bin trong cc tng khuch i m, tn s cao.

* Cc phng php phn cc: + im lm vic tnh: Q( VGS, VDS,ID) + Cc phng php phn cc: - Phn cc cc cng - Phn cc t cp - T phn p * Cc tnh ton c bn: + IG rt nh (IG 0). + VDS ln JFET lm vic trong vng bo ha ID = IDSS = const vi mi VGS xc nh. + ID = IS + S dng phng trnh Schockley cho c tuyn truyn t ch bo ha. 4. Cu to, k hiu, nguyn l hot ng ca MOSFET. * Cu to: + Trn tm bn dn hai vng bn dn khc loi c cy to thnh cc cc S v D. + Vng gia cc cc S v D l vng s hnh thnh knh dn. - c cy (pha tp): MOSFET knh t sn - Hnh thnh bng in p phn cc: MOSFET knh cm ng + Pha trn vng knh dn l mt lp SiO2 mng cch ly cc ca vi knh dn. + Cc ca thng bng kim loi hoc silic a tinh th c pha tp. * K hiu:

* Nguyn l hot ng: n, p khc nhau v chiu dng v du ca ngun cung cp: + in p phn cc gia cc G v S to ra mt in trng lm bin thin nng ht dn trong knh, hoc thay i thit din knh dn dn ca knh thay i. + Dng ID ph thuc vo in p VGS v VDS . 5. Cc cch mc, cc phng php phn cc v cc tnh ton c bn cho mch phn cc MOSFET. * Cc cch mc:

* Cc phng php phn cc:

+ DMOSFET:

+ EMOSFET: - Phn p bng mch hi tip. - Phn p bng mch chia in p * Cc tnh ton c bn: 6. Nguyn l chung ca cc linh kin quang in t.

7. Hot ng ca LED, u nhc im ca LED trong chiu sng. * Hot ng ca LED: + L 1 diode bn dn(GaAs) do lp PN tp nn. + ng dng nguyn tc ti quang hp : S ti hp ca e-l trng pht x photon (Phn cc thun) : Cc ht dn a s vt qua vng ngho d dng v i vo vng bn kia tr thnh ht thiu s khuch tn, ti hp vi ht a s, pht x photon. * u im: + Tui th ln (100k h) + Hiu sut cao: in p thp, dng tiu th nh, ~ khng ta nhit(P: 50-90%) + Cng sng tt + Gi thnh khng qu cao + Tnh nh gn + Khng c hi + a dng nh sng * Nhc im: + Quang ph nh sng khng lin tc Hi mt. + Lng in sn xut ra LED tn nhiu. Hu nh khng th ti ch. + B iu khin c mt s vn : Tui th k cao, c th gy n, b iu khin ca hng no ch chy vi LED ca hng y. 8. Nguyn l hot ng ca Laser Diode, u v nhc im. * Nguyn l hot ng: Gn tng ng vi LED, khi ti hp ln s kch thch pht x * u im: + Nh gn, hiu sut cao, gi thnh phi chng, bn, thch hp sn xut hng lot. + p ng tc lm vic rt cao + Linh kin u vit cho khuch i v iu ch thng tin trong h thng thng tin si quang vi tc rt cao. * Nhc im: + C th gy tn hi cho mt, da. 9. Nguyn l hot ng, k hiu ca Photodiode. * Nguyn l hot ng: + 1 tip xc PN c bit s dng hiu ng hp th nh sng to cc ht dn t do. + Tip xc PN phn cc ngc c chiu sng: Photon tc ng to ra cp ht dn(e- l trng) + e n; L trng p to ra dng in * K hiu:

10. Nguyn l, cu to, k hiu ca Phototransistor. * Cu to: Mt t hp photodiode v transistor c ch to cng nhau. * Nguyn l: Photodiode to dng dn khi c tc ng ca nh sng, dng dn khuch i bi transistor. * K hiu:

11. Tng quan h thng thng tin quang.

* Trong h thng quang l nh sng l sng in t c tn s rt cao ( 1014 1015 Hz) do vy ti tin quang rt thun li cho ti cc tn hiu bng rng. 12. Nguyn l truyn dn trong cp si quang, cu to cp si quang, phn loi v u nhc im ca mi loi. *Nguyn l truyn dn trong cp si quang: Da vo hin tng phn x ton phn ca tia sng ti mt phn cch gia 2 mi trng chit sut khc nhau. * Cu to cp si quang: Li lm bng SiO2 hoc plastic: + Loi SiO2: C suy hao nh, lm vic cc vng bc sng 0.85, 1.3, 1.55 m + Loi plastic: C suy hao ln, thch hp truyn thng tin ngn(~100m), 650nm. * Phn loi: * - Si a mt(MM): l si c th truyn ng thi c nhiu thnh phn sng. MM c kch thc li > SM, cc tia sng thnh phn truyn dn trong MM theo cc ng i khc nhau. - Si n mt (SM): ch truyn duy nht mt mt nh sng. SM c kch thc li rt nh nn tia sng chy gn nh song song vi trc ca si. * Phn loi theo s bin thin ca chit sut bn trong li: + Si quang chit sut nhy bc(SI) + Si quang chit sut gim dn. * u nhc im ca mi loi : - Si quang nh, nh, d un cong, tn t vt liu. - Si quang ch to t thu tinh thch anh khng nn khng s b n mn. Si l cht in mi nn cch in hon ton, tn hiu truyn trong si quang khng b nh hng ca nhiu bn ngoi ti v cng khng gy nhiu ra mi trng xung quanh. - m bo b mt thng tin, khng s b nghe trm. - Kh nng truyn c rt nhiu knh trong mt si quang c ng knh rt nh. Tiu hao nh v khng ph thuc tn s nn cho php truyn dn bng rng v tc truyn ln hn nhiu so vi si kim loi. - Gi thnh rt r. 13. Nguyn tc la chn bc sng lm vic cho h thng thng tin quang, u nhc im ca h thng thng tin quang vi cc h thng thng tin truyn thng khc. * Nguyn tc la chn bc sng lm vic cho h thng thng tin quang: Ty thuc li lm bng SiO2 hoc plastic: + Loi SiO2: C suy hao nh, lm vic cc vng bc sng 0.85, 1.3, 1.55 m + Loi plastic: C suy hao ln, thch hp truyn thng tin ngn(~100m), 650nm. * u nhc im ca h:

14. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng ca solar cell. * Cu to: 1 photodiode khng c phn cc. * Nguyn l hot ng: Khi photon c hp th, nng lng truyn n cc e trong mng tinh th( e ngoi cng). Khi e kch thch dn in, cc e ny c th t do di chuyn trong bn dn. Khi nguyn t s thiu 1 e "l trng". Cc l trng c hnh thnh xuyn sut mch bn dn. 2. Khi nim c bn v hi tip, phn loi, so snh vai tr v nh hng ca hi tip m v hi tip dng. *Khi nim c bn: Hi tip l vic truyn tn hiu t u ra tr v u vo b khuch i

* Phn loi: + Theo pha tin hiu hi tip: - Dng: Tn hiu hi tip cng pha vi tn hiu vo. - m: Ngc pha. + Theo phng thc ghp ni tip tn hiu hi tip: - Ni tip: Tn hiu hi tip mc ni tip tin hiu vo. - Song song: Mc song song. + Theo i lng hi tip : - in p : i lng hi tip t l vi in p ra. - Dng in : i lng hi tip t l vi dng in ra. * So snh vai tr v nh hng ca hi tip m v hi tip dng:

3. L do v iu kin s dng m hnh tng ng tn hiu nh trong tnh ton cc mch ng dng: ca BJT, FET. * L do: Khi mc tn hiu vo nh, hot ng ca cc transistor c th coi l tuyn tnh * V iu kin: Transistor c th c thay th bng mng 2 cng, vi m hnh tng ng tn hiu nh. 4. M hnh tng ng re, tham s hn hp ca BJT, FET: * M hnh tng ng re:

* Tham s hn hp ca BJT, FET

5. S dng cc s tng ng trong phn tch, thit k s khuch i dng BJT, FET. * S dng cc s tng ng trong phn tch, thit k s khuch i dng BJT

+ Mch CE - nh thin c nh. - nh hng ca RE + Mch CC + Mch BE * S khuch i dng FET: + Phn cc c nh + T phn cc + T phn cc vi nh hng ca Rs

You might also like