Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sir Dr.Zubair
A. Supports :
There are three types of Supports 1. Hinge Support: It is always in clockwise or Anti-clockwise not horizontal or vertical
B. Loads :
Dead Loads Uniformity Disturbed Load Uniformly Varying Load Point Load
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Beams
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem:1 :
Determinate Forms
Ma
Ra Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0,
Ha
+ve Fy = 0 Ra P = 0 Ra= P
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem:2 :
Determinate Forms
P= 80lb
L = 10
P = 80 lb
Ma
L = 10
Ra Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0,
Ha
+ve Fy = 0 Ra P = 0 Ra= 80 lb
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem:3 :
W v/v
Ra
Ha
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0, +ve Fy = 0 Ra WL = 0 Ra= WL Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point C Ma+ Ra * L/2 =0 Ma = - ( Ra * L / 2 ) Ma = - ( WL * L / 2) Ma= - W L 2 / 2
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem:4 :
3 kip/m
Ra
Ha
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0, +ve Fy = 0 Ra WL = 0 Ra= 6 Kip Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point C Ma+ Ra * L/2 =0 Ma= - W L 2 / 2 Ma= - 3 (2)2 / 2 Ma= - 6 kip. m
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem:5:
60k 4
60k
60k
Fx Fy
60k
A Ma Ra Ha 6
53.30
B Rb
First of all changing Tangent into Degree = Tan-1 4/3 = 53.30 Now, finding X-Y co-ordinates of the Inclined Force Fx= F Cos = 60 Cos 53.3 = 60 (0.59)= 36K ; Fy = F Sin = 60 Sin 53.3 = 60 (0.801)=48.10K
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 60 * 6 + Fy * 12 Rb *18 = 0 60 * 6 + 48 * 12 = 18 Rb Rb = 52 K Putting Value of Rb in Equation (i) Ra + Rb = 108 Ra + 25 = 108 Ra = 56 K
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem:6:
12 k 16k 16k 3 k / ft
2 K / ft
12 k C D
16 k E
16 k F G
9k B Rb
2 2
; ;
X = L / 3 = 6 / 3 = 2 X= L / 2 = 8 / 2 = 4
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0, +ve Fy = 0 Ra 16k 12k 16k 16k + Rb 9k = 0 Ra + Rb = 69 --------------------------------(i) Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A (16 * 4) + (12 * 12) + (16 *16) + (16 * 20) - (Rb * 24) + (9 * 26)= 0 1018 24Rb = 0 Rb = 42.41 K Putting Value of Rb in Equation (i) Ra + Rb = 69 Ra + 42.41 = 69 Ra = 26.6 K
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 7
Point Load
40 K
50K 3/4
30 K
A 4
E 5
C 3
F 3
D 8
G 3
H 3
(PART 1 ) We Disturb this Diagram into two A Point to C Point Free Body Diagram 40 k
A Ha 4 Ra
C Hc 5 Rc
Ra = 22 K
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Hc 3
F 3
D 4 4
G 3
H 3
= Tan-1 3/4 36.86 Fx = F Cos 50 * Cos 36.86 40K Fy= F Sin 50 * Sin 36.86 30 K
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Hc + Fx = 0, Hc = - 40 k Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A Rc * 18 - Fy * 15 + Rd *12 32*8 30*2 = 0 +ve Fy = 0 - Rc Fy + Rd 32 -30 + Rb = 0 Rb + Rd = 110 --------------------------------(i)
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 8 :
Rk 6k 3 k /ft
2 6k
Ma
Ra
Ha 8
8 6
8 2
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0, +ve Fy = 0 Ra -48 37 - 6 = 0 Rb + Rd = 143 --------------------------------(i) Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A Ma + Ra *16 ( 48 + 37 ) * 8 - 6 * 2= 0 0 = Ma + 143 *16 1096 - 12 Ma = -1180 K. ft Hence the direction of Moment A should be taken as reversed.
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 9 :
R K /ft
A 20
Point Load = 1/2 * 37 * 20 890 k Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0, +ve Fy = 0 Ra 890 + Rb = 0 Ra + Rb = 890 --------------------------------(i) Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 890 * 6.66 - Rb * 20 = 0 20 Rb = 5927.4 Rd = 296.37 K Putting Value of Rd in Equation (i) Ra + Rb = 890 Ra + 296.37 890 = 0 Rb = 593.63 K
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
8k
A 4
C 8
D 6
10 k
Rk
32 k
8k
Ra Ma
A Ha 2
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0, +ve Fy = 0 Ra 10 - 37 32 -8 = 0 Ra = 139 k Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A Ma + Ra * 18 10* 16 37 * 14 32 * 10 = 0 0 = Ma + 2502 -1724 Ma = -778 K . ft
The direction should be reversed
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 11:
8K (0.2+R ) K RK 20 k
4 8 5 5 9 5
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Hb = 0, +ve Fy = 0 8 160 37 + Ra 20 + Rb = 0 Ra + Rb = 1722.6 -----------------------------(i) Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A - 8 * 28 - 1605.6 * 23 20 * 5 + Ra -24 = 0 24 Ra = 27252.8 Rd = 1552.2 K Putting Value of Rd in Equation (i) Ra + Rb = 890 Ra + 1552.2 1722.6 = 0
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Rb = 170.4 K
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 12:
( 10+ R/2) K/ft
(10+R/2) K
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Part 2:
( 1/2 * 10 * [10+R/2] ) B
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 13:
10 k
20 k
Rk 1/2
B 6
E 4 5
C 5
F 4 6
Part 1
10 k
10 k
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha - He = 0, Ha = 79.60 k Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 10 * 8 - Rb * 12 Re * 18 = 0 -12 Rb = - 2.12 *18 Rb = 3.65 K Putting Value of Ra in Equation (i) Ra + Rb = 12.12 Ra + 3.65 12.12 = 0
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Rb = 8.47 K
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, He - Hf = 0, He = 79.60 k Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point E 20*4 Rc * 9 + Rf * 14 = 0 -9 Rc = - 414.236 Rc = 46 K Putting Value of Rc in Equation (i) Re + Rc = 43.874 Re + 46 43.874 = 0 Re = -2.124 K +ve Fy = 0 Re + -20 +Rc -Rf = 0 Re + Rc = 43.874 -----------------------------(i)
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Part 3: Rk
= tan -1 1 / 2 26.56 Fx = F Cos 37 Cos 26.56 79.60 k Fy = F Sin 37 Sin 26.56 39.79 k Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Hf - Fx = 0, Hf = 7960 k Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point F Fy * 4 Rd * 10 =0 39.79 * 4 10 Rd = 0 Rd = 15.916 K +ve Fy = 0 Rf - Fy + Rd = 0 Rf + Rd = 39.79 -----------------------------(i)
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 14:
0.6 k / ft
2.4 k /ft
16
16
Ra
Rb
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha = 0, +ve Fy = 0 Ra - 9.6 14.4 + Rb = 0 Ra + Rb = 24 -----------------------------(i) Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 9.6 * 8 + 14.4 * 10.66 - Rb * 16 = 0 Putting Value of Rb in Equation (i) Ra + Rb = 24 Ra + 14.39 24 = 0 Re = 9.61 K 0 = 76.8 + 153.59 15 Rb Rb = 14.39 K
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 15 :
RK
200 lb /ft
100 lb/ft A C D
Solution: By solving the above figure: First convert the U.D.L and V.D.L into single point loads. For U.D.L = 12 * 100 = 1200 k For V.D.L = 1/2 * 12 * 100 = 600 k
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point C 1200 * 6 + 600 * 8 Rd * 12 = 0 Putting Value of Rb in Equation (i) Rc + Rd = 1800 Ra + 1000 1800 = 0 Re = 800 K 0 = 7200 + 4800 12 Rd Rd = 1000 K
Part 2:
R k
800 k
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Bending Moment:
The bending moment at a cross-section of a beam is the algebraic sum of the moments of the forces to the right or left of the section. OR Algebraic sum of the clockwise and anti-clockwise moment is called Bending Moment.
CASE-II :
For U.D.L the shear force diagram will be inclined line. Or Triangular Form
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
CASE - III :
For U.V.L uniform varying load 20 Curve will be there in its diagram
20
SIGN CONVERSION :
An upward force to the right of a section contributes to a Positive Shearing force in upward L.H.S +VE -VE
R.H.S
+VE
-VE
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
CASE-II
For UDL the shape of B.M diagram will be parabolic at 20 curve
20
CASE-III
The shape for V.D.L of B.M will be at 30 curve.
30
+VE
-VE
-VE
+VE
Positive Bending Moment is also known as Hogging Bending Moment and Negative B.M is also known as sagging B.M
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Sir Dr.Zubair
2.5 k
1.5 k
2k
0.6 m
0.6 m
0.6 m
Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point B Ma + Ra * 0.18 - 2.5 * 0. 12 1.5 * 0.6 = 0 0 = Ma + 10.8 3 0.9 Ma = - 6.9 K
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Ra Ha 0.6 m X1 X2
0.6 m
0.6 m
X3
Section ( 1-1)
V1 = Ra
+ 6 t ----------- (i)
V2 = Ra 2.5
6 2.5
V3 = Ra 2.5 1.5
If = 1.2 @ D + 2 t
6 2.5 1.5
+ 2 t ----------- (iii)
If = 1.8 @ ( A - B ) + 3.5 t
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Sir Dr.Zubair
1 2.5 k
2 1.5 k
3 2k
Ma
Ra 0.5 m X1 X2 X3 0. 6 m 0.6 m
Section ( 1-1)
B.M1 = Ra * + Ma
1
6 1 6.9
If 1 = 0 @ A Section ( 2-2)
6 ( 0) 6.9
B.M2 = Ra *
Section ( 3-3)
If 3 = 1.2 @ D 6 * 1.2 69 2.5 ( 1.2 0.6 ) 1.5 ( 1.2 1.2 ) If 3 = 1.8 @ B 0 t.m
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Sir Dr.Zubair
0.6 m
0.6 m
0.6 m
+6t
+ 3.5t
+ 2.1 t
-6.9 tm
-3.3 tm
-1.2 tm
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Sir Dr.Zubair
W lb/ft
A L
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Ra Ha L
X1 Section ( 1-1)
V1 = Ra - W
WL - W ----------- (i)
A Ma
Ra
X1
B.M1 = Ma + Ra * W * /2
If 1 = 0 @ A If 1 =L @ B
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Sir Dr.Zubair
W lb/ft
A L
+WL
0 0 -WL2 /2 20
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Sir Dr.Zubair
A cantilever beam AB 2m long carrying a uniform disturbed load of 2.5 Kn/m over a length of 1.6 m frin free hand . draw the S.F and B.M diagram for the beam. 2.5 Kn/m
A 0.4 m 1.6 m
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Sir Dr.Zubair
X1 X2 Section ( 1-1)
V1 = Ra
4 KN ----------- (i)
If = 0 @ A 4 KN
Section ( 2-2)
V2 = Ra 2.5 *( 2 0.4 )
Ra 2.5 2 + 1
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Section ( 1-1)
B.M1 = Ma +
If 1 = 0 @ A Section ( 2-2)
* Ra
----------- (i)
Ma + 0
- 4.8 t.m
B.M2 = Ra
- 3.2 KN. m
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Sir Dr.Zubair
A 0.4 m 1.6 m
+4 Kn
+ 4 Kn
-4.80 kn.m
-3.2 Kn.m 2o
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Sir Dr.Zubair
A cantilever beam of 1.8 m is loaded as shown in figure . Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram. 2 Kn 1.5 Kn 2.5 Kn/m 1 KN
A 0.3 m
B 0.6 m
C 0.3m 0.6 m
Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A Ma = Ma + 2 * 0.3 + 1.5 * 0.9 + 0.48 * 1.5 0 = Ma + 0.6 + 1.35 + 0.72 + 1.8 Ma = - 4.47 KN . m
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Theory of Structures Free Body diagram and Shear Force 1 2 kn 2 3 1.5 kn 4 0.48 Kn
Sir Dr.Zubair
1 Kn
A Ra Ha 0.3 m
0.6 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
X1 X2 X3 X4 Section ( 1-1)
V1 = Ra
Section ( 2-2)
If 1 = 0 @ A +4.98 KN
V2 = Ra 2
Section ( 3-3)
4.98 2 +2.98 KN
If 2 = 0.3 @ B + 2.98 KN
V3 = Ra 2 1.5
Section ( 4-4)
If 3 = 0.9 @ C
+ 1.48 KN
1 KN
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Sir Dr.Zubair
1 2 kn Ma A Ra 0.3 m
3 1.5 kn
4 0.48 Kn 1 Kn
0.6 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
X1 X2 X3 X4
Section ( 1-1)
B.M1 = Ra *
If 1 = 0 @ A Section ( 2-2)
+ Ma
----------- (i)
Ma + 0
-4.47 Kn.m
B.M2 = Ra
* 2 + Ma 2 * ( 2 0.3 )
4.98 2 4.4 - 2 2 + 0.6 If 2 = 0.3 @ B 4.98 ( 0.3) - 4.4 2 ( 0.3) + 0.6 - 2.97 KN. m
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Section ( 3-3)
B.M3 = Ra
-4.47 + 4.98 3 - 2 3 + 0.6 1.5 3 +1.35 1.48 3 2.52 If 3 = 0.9 @ C 1.48 ( 0.9 ) - 2.52 - 1 .188 KN. m
Section ( 4-4)
B.M4 = Ra
-4.47 + 4.98 3 - 2 3 + 0.6 1.5 3 +1.35 0.4 (4 1.2)2 - 2.52 + 1.48 4 0.4 (4 1.2) 2 If 4 = 1.2 @ D -2.52 + 1.48 (1.2 ) 0.4 ( 1.2 1.2 ) 2 If 4 = 1.8 @ E -2.52 + 1.48 (1.8 ) 0.4 ( 1.8 1.2 ) 2 - 0.744 KN. m 0 KN. m
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
A 0.3 m
B 0.6 m
C 0.3m 0.6 m
+4.98 kn
+2.98 kn
+1.48 kn
+1.48 kn
1kn
- 4.47 kn.m
- 0.744 knm
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem : 5 A 5m long cantilever bream carries a point load of R t at the free hand and a UDL of ( 1+ 0.2 R ) t /m over a length of 3m from the free end . Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram. Rt 18.8 t
A 2m
B 3m
Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 0 = Ma + 56.4 * 3.5 +89* 5 0 = Ma + 197.4 + 445 Ma = - 642.4 t . m
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Sir Dr.Zubair
(1+0.2 R )*3
Rt
A Ra Ha 2m
1.5 m
1.5 m
X1
X2
SHEAR FORCE
Section ( 1-1)
V1 = Ra
Section ( 2-2)
If 1 = 0 @ A +145.4 t
V2 = Ra 18.8 (2 -2 )
If 2 = 2 @ B If 2 = 5 @ C
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Rt
X1
X2
Section ( 1-1)
B.M1 = Ra *
If 1 = 0 @ A Section ( 2-2)
+ Ma 145 1 - 624.4
----------- (i)
Ma + 0
- 642.4 t.m
B.M2 = Ra
* 2 + Ma + 18.8 * ( 2 2 ) ( 2 2 / 2 )
145.4 2 624.4 - 9.4 ( 2 + 2) 2 If 2 = 2 @ B 145.4 * 2 642.4 9.4 ( 2- 2 ) 2 If 2 = 5 @ C 145.4 * 5 642.4 9.4 ( 5- 2 ) 2 - 351.6 t. m 0 t. m
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Sir Dr.Zubair
Rt 18.8 t
A 2m
B 3m
+145.4 t
+145.4t
89t
0 -642.4 tm 20 -351.6 tm
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Sir Dr.Zubair
A cantilever beam of 150 cm span carries a load of 2t at 60 cm from the fixed end , a load of 1t at the free end and a load of 4 ton UDL over 60 cm from 2 ton load towards the free end . Draw S.F and B,M diagram
2t 6 t /m
1t
A 0.6 m
B 0.6 m
C 0.3 m
Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 0 = Ma + 2 * 0.66 + 4 * 0.99 + 1 * 1.5 0 = Ma + 1.33 + 3.99 + 1.5 Ma = - 6.33 t . m
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Sir Dr.Zubair
1 2t 4t
1t
A Ra Ha 0.6 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
X1
X2
Section ( 1-1)
V1 = Ra
Section ( 2-2)
+ 7 t ----------- (i)
If 1 = 0 @ A + 7 t
V2 = Ra 6 ( 2 0.66 )
Section ( 3-3)
If 2 = 0.66 @ B + 7 t
V3 = Ra 6 (2 0.66 ) - 2
If 3 = 1.33 @ C If 3 = 1.5 @ D
74-2 1 t
+1t +1 t
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Sir Dr.Zubair
1 2t Ma 4t
1t
A Ra 0.6 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
0.3 m
X1
X2
Section ( 1-1)
B.M1
= Ra * 1 + Ma
If 1 = 0 @ A Section ( 2-2)
B.M2 = Ra
B.M3 = Ra
* 3 + Ma 2 * ( 3 0.6 ) 4 * ( 3 0.9)
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Sir Dr.Zubair
1t
A 0.6 m
B 0.6 m
C 0.3 m
+ 7t
+7t
1t
1t
-6.31 t.m
-21.6 t.m
20
-0.6 t.m
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Sir Dr.Zubair
TRUSSES
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Problem 1 :
20 k 15 k
60o A 5 10 5
600 C
60o 5 10 5
60o E
Ra
Rb
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Sir Dr.Zubair
B A 60o
C
Ra = 18.75
+ve Fy = 0 Ra F ab y = 0 F ab y = 18.75 k
F ab x = 10.82
+ve Fy = 0 F ab y 20 F cb y = 0 18.75 20 F cb
y
= 0 F cb
= 1.25
F cb = 1.44 ( C ) , F cb x = F cb Cos 60 0
F cb x = - 0.721
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Sir Dr.Zubair
= 0 F cd
= - 1.25
F cd = 1.43 ( T ) , F cb x = F cb Cos 60 0
F cb x = -0.721
C E
F de = - 18.75 k ( C )
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Problem # 2 : 3k
2k F 3k
By applying Sine Law Sin 60 / AG = Sin 90 / 3 AG = 3 Sin 60 AG = 2.59 Cos 30 = AC / AG AC = 2.59 Sin 60 / 3 = Sin 60 / CF Cos 60 = CD / 3 Moment, +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 0 = 3 * AC + 2 * ( 3 + CD ) + 3 * ( 6 + DB ) Rb * 9 0 = 28.46 9 Rb CF = 3
CD = 1.5
Rb = 4.27 k
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Ra = 4 k
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Sir Dr.Zubair
60o
= 4k
F ag = 8 k ( C ) , F ag x = F ag Cos 60 0 F ac = 6.92 k ( T )
F ag x = 6.92 k
F ac = F ag x 3k F
Here if we solve it directly it will be more different for us to get the assumes beacuase 2 unknown will come in each equation of equilibrium. So we rotate it as
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y 30 k 300
A G
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F ag y = 2.251 , F cg x = F cg Cos 60 0
F cg x = 1.3 k
+ve Fy = 0 F cf y - F cg y = 0 F cf
y
= 4k
F cf
= F cf Sin 60 0
F cf = 2.59 ( T ) , F cf x = F cf Cos 60 0
F cf x = 1.295 k
2k
F B D
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Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
Method of Sections
Previously we have studied methods of joints for analysis of trusses In this methods we can directly analysis a truss force without calculating from initial point .
Here condition of moment is used rather than condition of statistics ( except in exceptional cases ) Need to cut a section where maximum unknown members force becomes zero or can be neglected.
PROCEDURE Cut a section Draw a free body diagram Assume compression and tension Apply co-planer applications of forces and equation of moment to determine members force
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12
12
12
12
Ra
1200
1200
1200
Rh
+ve Fy = 0
Taking momet at A.
Ra + Rh = 3600---- ( i )
Ra=1800
1200
Take the point where maximum unknowns can be neglected. Taking moment at B. Taking moment at E 1800 * 12 F ce * 8 = 0 F ce = 2700 lb ( T ) Fbd y = 2400 lb
1800 * 24 1200 * 12 F bd y * 12 = 0
Fbd y = F bd * Sin 18.45 Fbd = 7583.4 lb ( C ) Taking moment at D F be x * 12 F ce * 12 + 1800 * 24 = 0 F be x= 2400 lbs
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Fcd = 14.14 k
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Here Equation of moment fails so we have apply direct method which is to apply equation of statics.
+ve Fy = 0
F gf + 30 = 0 F gf = - 30 ( C ) or 30 ( T )
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ARCHES
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Problem 1 : 3 hinge parabolic arch of 20 ft and standardize of 5 caring a concentrate load of 20 kips at 6 from the left side support. Draw the bending moment diagram for the arch, position and magnitude of maximum bending moment for the arch also find the value of the reaction forces C 20 kips yc=5 A 20 ft DATA: Yc = 5 P = 20 kips L = 20 B.M = ? B
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha - Hb = 0, Ha = Hb +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 20* 6 Vb * 20 = 0 Vb = 6 kips R.H.S +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point C Vb * 10 + Hb * 5 = 0 Hb= 12 kips RESULTANT Ra = Ha2 + Va 2 18.44 kips Rb= Hb2 + Vb 2 13.4 kips as Hb=Ha , So , Ha = 12 kips putting this value in eq(i) Va = 14 kips +ve Fy = 0 Va + Vb = 20 ------ ( i )
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Va * 6 Ha * Y = 14 * 6 12 * 4.2
33. 6 k.ft
B.M max ( -ve ) Hb * Y Vb * --------------- (iii) Using Formula Y = 4 Yc ( L ) / L2 Y = 4 * 5 * ( 20 ) / L2 Y = - 2 / 20----(iv) putting Y value in equation (iii) 12 * ( 2 / 20) 6 * 12 12 2/20 6 6 12 2/20 Differentiating w.r.t = 5 p putting this value in eq (iv)
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Y = - 15
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Problem 2 : 3 hinge parabolic arch of 20 m and standardize of 4 m caring a concentrate U.D.L of 2 ton/m from the left side support over the length of 8 m . Draw the bending moment diagram for the arch, position and magnitude of maximum bending moment for the arch also find the value of the reaction forces
A DATA: Yc = 4 m P = 2 to / m L = 20 m B.M = ?
8m 20 m
Equilibrium, +ve Fx = 0, Ha - Hb = 0, Ha = Hb +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point A 16 * 4 Vb * 20 = 0 Vb = 3.2 t R.H.S +ve Clockwise M = 0 at point C Va * 16 + Ha * 4 16 * 6 = 0 Hb= 8 t RESULTANT Ra = Ha2 + Va 2 15.094 t Rb= Hb2 + Vb 2 8.61 t
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+ve Fy = 0 Va + Vb = 16 ------ ( i )
Va = 12.8 t
as Hb=Ha , So ,
Ha = 8 t
Theory of Structures
Sir Dr.Zubair
B.M max ( +ve ) Va * Ha * Y 2 * * /2 -------- (v) Using Formula Y = 4 Yc ( L ) / L2 Y = 4 * 4 * ( 20 ) / (20)2 Y = 0.8 0.04 2 Putting Value of Y in eq ( v) B.M= 12.8 * 8 * ( 0.8 0.04 2 ) - 2 B.M = 12.8 6.4 + 0.32 2 2 B.M = 6.4 0.68 2 ---- ( vi) Differentiating w.r.t. 0 = 6.4 ( 0.68 ) ( 2 ) = 4.7 m from left hand side support Putting value of in eq ( vi ) B.M = 6.4 * 4.7 0.68 * ( 4.7)2 B.M ( max) = 15.05 t.m
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B.M max ( -ve ) Vb * Hb * Y --------------- (vii) Using Formula Y = 4 Yc ( L ) / L2 Y = 0.08 0.04 2 put in equation (vii) 3.2 * 8 * ( 0.8 2 0.04 2 ) B.M = - 3.2 + 0.32 2 ---------------- ( viii) Differentiating w.r.t 0 = - 3.2 + 0.64 =5m putting this value in eq (viii) B.M = -3.2 * 5 + 0.32 * ( 5 )2 = - 8 t.m
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COLUMNS
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Problem 1 : 1.5 m long column and has a circular cross-section of 5m diameter one of the ends of the column is fixed and other end is free . Find the Rakiens formula and Find the Eulers Crippling load .
Assume: Rakiens Constant = 1 / 1600 Modulus of Elasticity : 1.2 x 106 kg / cm2 Crushing Stress = 5600 kg/cm2
Rakiens Formula: P = Fc * A / 1 + a ( L/K)2 DATA: L = 1.5 m = 150 cm E = 1.2 * 106 kg / cm2 fc= 5600 kg/cm2 Finding Area = / 4 (d)2 As one head is fixed = L = 2l Finding Inertia = / 64 (d)4 Finding K = i/A / 4 ( 5) 2 19.63 cm2 2 ( 150 ) 300 cm 3.14 / 64 ( 5) 2 30.67 cm4 , , d = 5 cm a = 1 / 1600 K = I /A
Putting Value in formula P = 5600 * 19.63 / 1 + { 1 / 1600 ( 300 / 12.4 ) 2 } P = 2971.78 kg Finding Eulers Formula P = 2 E I / 4 L 2 ----------------------- As one end is fixed other is free P = (3.14)2 * (1.2 * 10 6) ( 30.67 ) / 4 ( 300 ) 2 P = 362.87 * 10 6 kg
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Problem 2 : A cast iron 3 m in length when hinged at both ends has a critical pickling load of P kilogram when the column is fixed at both the ends its critical load rises to P + 30,000 kilogram . if ratio of external diameter is 1.25 and E is equal to 1 * 10 6 . Determine the external and internal diameter of column.
L = 3000 cm
Load when both ends are hinged : P kg Load when both ends are fixed : P + 30,000 E = 1 * 10 6 Using Eulers theorem when both ends are hinged P = 2 E I / L 2 -------------------------- ( i ) Finding interia ( i) = i = / 64 ( do2 di2 ) Putting value of do i= / 64 ( 1.25 di )2 - ( di ) 2 i= / 64 ( 0.25 di ) 4 ----------------------------- (ii) putting value of i P=2EI/L2 in equation (i) P = 2 E ( / ( 0.25 di ) 4 ) / 64 * L 2 P = 3 (0.25 di) 4 -------------------------- (iii) L = l / 2 3000 / 2 1500 cm L =l
Using Eulers theorem when both ends are fixed. P + 30, 000 = 4 2 E I / L 2 Putting value of i P + 30 , 000 =
4 2 E { / ( 0.25 di ) 4 } / 64 * L 2 3 ( di ) 4
P + 30,000 = 3 ( di ) 4 ------------------------------ (iv) Putting value of P from eq (iii) into eq ( iv) 3 (0.25 di) 4 + 30,000 = 3 ( di ) 4
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