Giao An Chuong Trinh Moi Lop 12 Ki 2

Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao Tit 37 Bi : MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM I.
Mc tiu bi hc: hc sinh nm c 1. Tnh cht ho hc v phng php iu ch NaOH bng in phn, hiu c nhng qu trnh ho hc xy ra trn cc in cc, vit s v phng trnh in phn 2. Nhng tnh cht ho hc ca cc mui NaHCO3, Na2CO3; ng dng ca chng. II. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: NI DUNG BI HC I. Natrihidroxit: NaOH 1. Tnh cht: - NaOH l cht rn khng mu, d ht m, d nng chy, tan nhiu trong nc. - NaOH l mt baz mnh, phn li hon ton thnh ion khi tan trong nc. NaOH Na+ + OH- Tc dng vi dung dch axit, oxit axit, mui. VD: NaOH + HCl CO2 + NaOH 2. ng dng v iu ch: a) ng dng: c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong cng nghip: sx nhm , x phng...... b) iu ch: in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn s : d2 NaCl (NaCl, H2O) catot anot + Na , H2O Cl , H2O 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH2ClCl2 + 2e pdd Ptp: 2NaCl + 2H2O H2 +2NaOH m.n +Cl2 II.Natrihidro cacbonat v natricacbonat: 1. Mui natrihidrocacbonat: NaHCO3 a) Tnh cht: - l cht rn mu trng t tan trong nc, b phn hu nhit cao. 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+CO2 +H2O - L mui ca axit yu, khng bn, tc dng vi axit mnh. NaHCO3 +HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O + HCO3 + H CO2 + H2O - L mui axit nn p c vi dung dch baz VD: NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O HCO3- + OH- CO3- + H2O Gio vin: HOT NG CA GV V HS HOT NG 1 GV: Cho HS quan st l cha NaOH rn HS: quan st v cho bit mu sc, trng thi tn ti GV: Biu din TN ho tan NaOH vo nc, cho hc sinh cm ng nghim, nhn xt hin tng. Hi: NaOH l baz mnh hay yu, trong nc phn li cho ra nhng ion no, vit p? Hi : Hy cho bit nhng tnh cht ca dung dch baz? V hon thnh cc phong trnh phn ng sau y? NaOH + Cu(NO3)2 HOT NG 2 Hi: Trong thc t em bit NaOH c nhng ng dng g ? GV: NaOH c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui NaCl. GV: Treo s thng in phn dung ch NaCl v m t.
HS: Vit cc qu trnh xy ra ti in cc v vit phn ng in phn HOT NG 3 GV: NaHCO3 bn nhit thng, b phn hu nhit cao.
Hi: Hy vit p chng minh rng NaHCO3 l cht lng tnh ? GV: Lm th nghim: cho HCl vo ng nghim cha NaHCO3. HS: Cho bit tnh lng tnh ca NaHCO3 l do ion no gy ra ? GV: tnh baz vn l u th HS: Nghin cu nhng ng dng trong sgk
Gio n ha hc 12 b) ng dng : sgk 2. Natricacbonat: Na2CO3 a) Tnh cht: - L cht rn mu trng d tan trong nc, to nc = 850oC , khng phn hu nhit cao. - L mui ca axit yu nn p vi axit mnh. Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 +H2O CO3- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O ion CO32- nhn proton, nn c tnh baz b) ng dng: sgk
Chng trnh nng cao HOT NG 4 HS: Quan st l cha Na2CO3 v nhn xt tnh cht vt l ca n Hi: Na2CO3 l mui ca axit no? Hy vit ptp ca Na2CO3 vi HCl dng phn t v ion thu gn , t nhn xt tnh cht ca n ? Hi: Hy cho bit dung dch Na2CO3 c mi trng g ? v sao? pH ln hay nh hn 7 ? HS: c nhng ng dng ca Na2CO3
HOT NG 5: Cng c: bi tp 1,2,5 / sgk Tit 38 Bi : KIM LOI KIM TH Mc tiu bi hc: 1. V kin thc: a) HS bit: v tr, cu hnh e, nng lng ion ho, s oxi ho ca kim loi kim th, mt s ng dng ca kim loi kim th. b) HS hiu: - Tnh cht vt l: tonc v tos tong i thp, khi lng ring nh. - Tnh cht ho hc c trng ca kim loi kim th l tnh kh mnh nhng yu hn Kim loi kim, tnh kh tng dn t Be Ba. - Phng php iu ch kim loi kim th l in phn nng chy mui clorua. 2. V k nng: - Bit thc hin thao tc t duy: v tr, CTNT tnh cht pp iu ch. - Vit ptp ho hc. II. Chun b: I. 1. Bng tun hon, s in phn nc MgCl2 2. n cn, cc, kp g, dy Mg, H2O, dd CuSO4 III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc NI DUNG BI HC I. V tr v cu to: 1. V tr ca KLKTtrong bng tun hon: - Thuc nhm Iia , gm: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba v Ra(px). - Trong mi chu k ng sau KLK. 2. cu to ca KLK th: - l nguyn t s - Cu hnh e ngoi cng TQ: ns2. - Xu hng nhng 2e to ion M2+. Vd. Mg Mg 2+ + 2e [Ne]3s2 [Ne] II. Tnh cht vt l: - Tonc v tos tng i thp Gio vin: HOT NG CA GV V HS HOT NG 1 Hi: KLK th nm nhn no trong BTH? Bao gm nhng nguyn t no? GV: treo BTH. HS: vit cu hnh e ca Mg, Ca cu hnh e ngoi cng TQ. Hi: cho bit KLKT c my e ho tr nm phn lp no? xu hng ca KLKT trong p ho hc. HOT NG 2 GV: Hy quan st vo bng s liu - Cho bit tonc, tos, nhn xt ? - So snh cng ca KLK vi kl nhm IIA ? 2
Chng trnh nng cao Hi: Do nhng yu t no m kim loi nhm IIA c cng thp, tonc, tos thp? - Cc kim loi ny c kiu mng ging nhau hay khng ? tonc, tos c bin i theo quy lut ? HOT NG 3 - Kiu mng tinh th: khng ging Hi: Hy nhc li s bin i bn kmh nguyn t nhau. trong mt chu k, so snh vi kim loi kim tnh cht c trng l g ? so snh tnh cht vi KLK ? GV: nhit thng Be, Mg p chm vi O2 , khi III. Tnh cht ho hc: t nng KLK th u b chy trong khng kh. KLK th c tnh kh mnh, yu hn KLK. GV: Lm TN: Mg chy trong kk Tnh kh tng dn t Be Ba. HS: Vit p ca KLK th vi O2,Cl2... 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: - Khi t nng, KLK th p vi GV: Cho bit Eo ca KLK th t -2,9V oxi(chy). -1,85V; EoH+/H2 = 0,00V VD: 2Mg + O2 2MgO Hi: KLKT c kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit? TQ: 2M + O2 2MO Gt? - Tc dng vi Hal: GV: Lm TN: Mg + dd HCl HS: Vit p, xc nh s oxh VD: Ca + Cl2 CaCl2 Hi: Hy n/c SGK v cho bit kh nng p ca 2. Tc dng vi axit: + - KLK th kh c ion H trong KLKT vi H2O. dung dch axit thnh H2 v EoM2+/M HS: Vit ptp ca kim loi Ba, ca vi H2O to ra < EoH+/H2. dung dch baz. VD: Ca + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2 + 2+ TQ: M + 2H M + H2 3. Tc dng vi nc: - Be khng p - Mg: p chm nhit thng. - Ca,Sr,Ba p nhit thng. VD: Ca + 2 H2O Ca(OH)2 +H2 to Mg + 2H2O MgO + H2 HOT NG 4 Hs: c SGK v cho bit kloi nh IIA c nhng ng dng g ? hp kim ca Mg ch to my bay, tn la .
Gio n ha hc 12 - Kim loi thuc nhm IIA c cng cao hn KLK nhng mm hn nhm v nhng kim loi nh, v c d<g/cm3
GV: Trong Tnhin, KLKT tn ti dng M2+ trong III. ng dng v iu ch: cc hp cht. 1. ng dng: - Kim loi Be to ra nhng hp kim bn, c PP iu ch KLK th l pnc mui ca chng. tnh n hi cao. - Kim loai Mg to ra hp kim nh ,bn. - Ca: Dng tch oxi, S ra khi thp. 2. iu ch: * P2: pnc mui halogenua. Vd: pnc MgCl2 Mg + Cl2 TQ: pnc MX2 M + X2
HOT NG 5: cng c Bi tp 1,2,4,5/sgk
Gio vin:
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao
Tit 39 Bi: MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. v kin thc: - HS hiu tnh cht ho hc ca hdroxit, cacbonat,sunfat ca kim loi kim th. - HS bit: mt s ng dng quan trng ca mt s h/c KLKT 2. v k nng: - bit cch tin hnh mt s th nghim kim tra nh gi tnh cht ho hc ca Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaSO4. - vn dng kin thc bit v s hu phn, quan nim axit, baz, tnh cht ha hc ca axit, baz,... tm hiu tnh cht ca my s hp cht. - bit cch nhn bit tng cht Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaSO4. II. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: NI DUNG BI HC HOT NG CA GV V HS I. Mt s tnh cht chung ca hp HOT NG 1 cht KLKT. Gv: Yu cu HS vit cc p nhit phn mt s 1. tnh bn i vi nhit: hp cht ca KLKT. - cc mui nitrat,cacbonat, hidroxit ca KLKT b phn hu khi un nng. VD: to 2Mg(NO3)2 to 2MgO +4NO2 +O2 HS: vit p v rt ra nhn xt. CaCO3 CaO + CO2 to Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O 2. Tnh tan trong H2O. SGK II. mt s hp cht ca KLKT: 1. canxihidroxit: a) tnh cht: - l cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc - dung dch Ca(OH)2 (nc vi trong) l mt baz mnh. Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH- dung dch Ca(OH)2 c nhng tnh cht ca mt dung dch baz kim. VD: Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 Ca(OH)2 + CuSO4 b) ng dng: SGK 2. Canxicacbonat: a) Tnh cht: - l cht rn mu trng khng tan trong nc - l mui ca axit yu nn p vi nhng axit mnh hn VD: CaCO3 + HCl CaCO3 + CH3COOH - phn ng vi CO2 v H2O: CaCO3 + CO2 H2O Ca(HCO3)2 Hi: Hy nghin cu bng tnh tan ca cc cht v cho bit tnh tanca cc mui v hidroxit ca KLKT ? HOT NG 2 HS: nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Ca(OH) 2 da vo quan st mu Ca(OH)2. Hi: dung dch Ca(OH)2 c tnh cht g ? hy nu nhng tnh cht ho hc c trng v vit p minh ho. HS: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 GV: hng dn HS lp t l: nOH-/nCO2. Ca(OH)2 + FeCl2 Hi: hy cho bit nhng ng dng trong thc t ca Ca(OH)2 m em bit ? HS: nghin cu SGK v tr li. HOT DNG 3 Hi: CaCO3 l mui ca axit no ? hy nu nhng tnh cht hoa hc ca CaCO3 ? HS: vit ptp minh ho. GV: CaCO3 phn ng vi CO2 v H2O to ra mui axit, hy vit phn ng xy ra Gio vin: 4
Chng trnh nng cao chiu thun gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma b) ng dng : i vi vi, chiu nghch gt s to thnh thch 3. Canxi sunfat: CaSO4 nh trong cc hang ng, cn vi trong m un - l cht rn, mu trng , t tan trong nc. nc. HOT NG 4 - tu theo lng nc kt tinh m ta c 3 HS: c nhng ng dng ca CaCO3 loi: Hi: canxicacbonat kt tinh c my loi ? . CaSO4.2H2O: thch cao sng . 2CaSO4. H2O: thch cao nung - cc thch cao nung v thch cao khan ta phi . CaSO4 : thch cao khan. thc hin qu trnh no ? 2CaSO4 . 2H2O 2CaSO4.H2O + 3 H2O HS: tm hiu cc ng dng ca thch cao. * ng dng: HOT NG 5: 1. Cng c ton bi 3. tp 1,2/ sgk Tit 40: Bi:
Gio n ha hc 12
NC CNG
I. Mc tiu bi hc: - Hc sinh bit c nc t nhin khc vi nc ct hoc nc ma ly trc tip, v sao c cha cation Ca2+, Mg2+. Sau nh ngha c nc cng v nc mm. - Bit cch phn loi nc cng, nm c nhng anion gc axit no c trong mi loi nc cng. - Tc hi ca nc cng i vi i sng v sn xut. - Bit cch lm mm nc cng, HS nm c nguyn tc v phng php ca vic lm ny, vit c phn ng minh ho. II. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Ni dung bi hc I. Nc cng: - Nc c vai tr cc k quan trng i vi i sng con ngi v sn xut. - Nc thng dng l nc t nhin c ho tan mt s hp cht ca canxi, magie nh: Ca(HCO3)2 , Mg(HCO3)2 ..., CaSO4, MgSO4, CaCl2 ... vy nc t nhin c cha v cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+. Nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+ gi l nc cng. nc c cha t hoc khng cha cc ion trn gi l nc mm. II. Phn loi nc cng: Tu thuc vo thnh phn anion gc axit c trong nc cng, chia lm 2 loi: 1. Nc cng tm thi: l nc cng c cha anion HCO3-. ( ca cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 , Mg(HCO3)2 ) 2. Nc cng vnh cu: l nc cng c cha cc ion Cl-, SO42- hoc c 2. ( ca cc mui CaCl2, CaSO4, MgCl2...). Gio vin: Hot ng ca GV v HS HOT NG 1 Hi: 1) Nc c vai tr nh th no i vi i sng con ngi v sn xut? 2) Nc sinh hot hng ngy ly t u? L ngun nc g? GV: thng bo Nc t nhin ly t sng sui, ao h. nc ngm l nc cng, vy nc cng l g? Nc mm l g? ly vd
HOT NG 2 GV: Tu thuc vo thnh phn anion gc axit c trong nc cng , ngi ta chia lm 2 loi: GV: Ly vd cc mui trong nc cng tm thi HS: tm ra c im ca nc cng tm thi HS: Nghin cu sgk v cho bit nc cng tm thi v nc cng vnh cu khc nhau im no ? 5
Chng trnh nng cao HOT NG 3 Hi: Trong thc t em bit nhng tc hi GV m thoi vi hc sinh cc tc hi ca no ca nc cng ? nc cng . HS: c sgk v tho lun IV. Cch lm mm nc cng: HOT NG 4 Nguyn tc: lm gim nng ion Ca2+, Mg2+ Gv: Nh chng ta bit nc cng c cha trong nc cng bng cch chuyn 2 ion t do cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, vy theo cc em ngyun ny vo hp cht khng tan hoc thay th tc lm mm nc cng l g? chng bng nhng cation khc. 2 phng php: c Hi: Nc cng tm thi c cha nhng mui 1. Phng php kt ta: no ? khi ung nng th c nhng phn ng a) i vi nc cng tm thi: ho hc no xy ra ? - un osi trc khi dng t M(HCO3)2 MCO3 + CO2 + H2O lc b kt ta c nc mm. - C th dng nc vi trong va - Dng nc vi trong va : trung ho mui axit tnh mui trung M(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 MCO3 + CaCO3 ho khng tan , lc b cht khng tan + 2H2O c nc mm. b) i vi nc cng vnh cu: dng cc dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4 lm Hi: Khi cho dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4 vo nc cng tm thi hoc vnh cu th c hin mm nc. tng g xy ra ? Vit p di dng ion. M2+ + CO32- MCO3 2+ 33M + 2PO4 M3(PO4)2 HOT NG 5 2. Phng php trao i ion: cho nc cng i qua cht trao i ion( ionit), cht ny hp Gv: Da trn kh nng c th trao i ion ca mt s cht cao phn t t nhin hoc nhn th Ca2+, Mg2+, gii phng Na+, H+ nc to. mm . Vd: natri silicat Hot ng 6: 1)Cng c ton bi 2)Lm cc bi tp sgk Tit 41: Bi : NHM I. Mc tiu bi hc: Bit c v tr ca nhm trong bng tun hon, bit cu to nguyn t v bit c cu hnh electron v s e ho tr ca Al. Bit nhng tnh cht vt l quan trng ca Al: dn in, dn nhit tt, nh v bn. Nm c tnh cht ho hc ca Al l tnh kh mnh, trong cc phn ng ho hc n d b oxi ho thnh ion c in tch duy nht l Al3+. gii thch c tnh cht ny v c kh nng dn ra c nhng phn ng ho hc minh ho tnh kh mnh ca Al. T nhng tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca Al, HS suy ra nhng ng dng quan trng. II. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: HOT NG CA GV V HS HOT NG 1 HS: Vit cu hnh e ca nhm v cho bit v tr ca nhm trong BTH. GV: Treo BTH v yu cu: HS: Xc nh trong mi chu k , nhm III A, kim loi nhm ng sau v trc nguyn t 6
Gio n ha hc 12 III. Tc hi ca nc cng:
1. 2. 3. 4.
NI DUNG BI HC I. V tr v cu to: 1. V tr ca nhm trong bng tun hon: 2 2 6 2 1 l 13 A : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p v tr: chu k 3, nhm IIIA - Trong chu k Al ng sau Mg, trc Si Gio vin:
Gio n ha hc 12 - Trong nhm IIIA: Al ng sau B. 2. Cu to ca nhm: - L nguyn t p, c 3 e ho tr. Xu hng nhng 3 e to ion Al3+ Al Al3+ + 3e 2 1 [Ne]3s 3p [Ne] - Trong hp cht nhm c s oxi ho +3 vd: Al2O3, AlCl3 - Cu to n cht : LPTD II. Tnh cht vt l ca nhm (sgk) III. Tnh cht ho hc: o E Al /Al = -1,66 V; I1, I2, I3 thp Al l kim loi c tnh kh mnh. ( yu hn KLK, KLK th) 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: tc dng trc tip v mnh lit vi nhiu phi kim. Vd: 4 Al + 3O2 2 Al2O3
3+
Chng trnh nng cao no ? Hi: 1) Hy cho bit nhm thuc loi nguyn t g ? c bao nhiu e ho tr ?
2) Nhn xt g v nng lng ion ho ca nhm t cho bit tnh cht c bn ca nhm v s oxi ho ca n trong cc hp cht HOT NG 2 HS: nghin cu sgk v tho lun rt ra nhng tnh cht vt l quan trng ca nhm. HOT NG 3 Hi: da vo cu to nguyn t, EoAl /Al ; Nng lng ion ho cu nhm, hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc ca nhm l g ?
3+
HS: ly vd v mt s phn ng ca nhm vi phi kim hc. HS xc nh s oxi ho v vai tr cu nhm trong phn ng trn. HOT NG 4 GV lm th nghim: cho mt mu nhm vo dung dch HCl, cho HS quan st hin tng v yu cu HS vit ptp xy ra dng phn t v ion thu gn. -
2 Al + 3Cl2 2 AlCl3 Al kh nhiu phi kim thnh ion m . 2. Tc dng vi axit: a) Vi cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4long: Vd: 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2 Pt ion: 2Al + 6H+ 2 Al3+ + 3H2 Al kh ion H+ trong dung dch axit thnh hidro t do. b) Vi dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c: - Al khng p vi HNO3 c ngui, H2SO4 c ngui. - Vi cc axit HNO3 c nng, HNO3 long, H2SO4 c nng: Al kh c +5 + 6 N v S xung nhng mc oxi ho thp hn.to Al + 6HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O Al + H2SO4 3. Tc dng vi H2O: Do EoAl /Al < Eo H O/H Al kh c nc. 2Al + 6H2O 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2 phn ng dng li nhanh v c lp Al(OH)3 khng tan trong H2O bo v lp nhm bn trong. 4. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: - nhit cao, Al kh c nhiu ion kim loi km hot dng hn trong oxit ( FeO, CuO,to ...) thnh kim loi t do. Vd: Fe2O3 + 2 Al Al2O3 + 2 Fe 2 Al + 3 CuO phn ng nhit nhm.
3+
Hi: 1) Al c p c vi dung dch HNO3 c ngui, H2SO4 c ngui? v sao ?
2) Hy vit p ca Al vi HNO3 long, H2SO4 c, nng ?
HOT NG 5 Hi: 1) Cho EoAl /Al < Eo H O/H , vy nhm c tc dng c vi nc khng ? 2) V sao nhng vt bng nhm hng ngy tip xc vi nc d nhit cao nhng khng xy ra phn ng ? HOT NG 6 Gv: nhit cao, Al c th kh c nhiu ion kim loi trong oxit thnh kim loi t do, phn ng to nhiu nhit.
3+
Hi: Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca cc phn ng trn v cho bit loi ca p. 7
Gio vin:
Gio n ha hc 12 5. Tc dng vi baz: nhm tc dng vi dung dch baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2.... vd:2Al +2NaOH +6H2O2Na[Al(OH)4] +3H2 natri aluminat IV. ng dng v sn xut: 1. ng dng: 2. Sn xut : Qua 2 cng on: cng on tinh ch qung boxit cng on pnc Al2O3 - h nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 t 2050o C xung 900oC, ho tan Al2O3 trong criolit n/c. pnc, xt ptp: Al2O3 2Al + 3/2 O2 HOT NG 8: Cng c: bi tp 1,2 / sgk
Chng trnh nng cao HS: Vit p: Al + Ba(OH)2 + H2O HOT NG 7 Hs: Nghin cu nhng ng dng trong sgk GV: Treo s thng in phn Al2O3 nng chy. HS: Quan st, m t cc phn ca thng in phn v vit cc qu trnh xay ra ti in cc.
Tit 42: Bi: MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA NHM I. Mc tiu bi hc : 1. Nm c tnh cht ho hc quan trng ca Al2O3 l cht lng tnh v dn ra c nhng phn ng ho hc minh ha nhng tnh cht ny. 2. Nm c nhng tnh cht ca Al(OH)3, l : a) Tnh cht lng tnh, gii thch v dn ra c nhng phn ng monh ho. b) Tnh cht khng bn i vi nhit 3. Vn dng nhng kin thc ttng hp v tinh cht ho hc ca Al, Al 2O3 v Al(OH)3 l gii hin tng mt vt bng nhm b ph hu trong mi trng kim. 4. Bit cch phn bit nhng hp cht ca nhm, hp cht ca nhm vi kim loi nhm IA. IIA. II. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: NI DUNG BI HC HOT NG CA GV V HS I. Nhm oxit: Al2O3 HOT NG 1 1. Tnh cht vt l v trng thi t Hi: Hc sinh quan st mu ng Al2O3 , nhn nhin: xt cc hin tng vt l. - L cht rn mu trng, khng tan v khng tc dng vi nc.ton/c > - Trong t nhin Al2O3 tn ti nhng 2000oC dng no? - Trong v qu t, Al2O3 tn ti cc dng sau: - rubi v saphia, hin nay iu ch + Tinh th Al2O3 khan l qu rt cng: nhn to. corinddon trong sut, khng mu. + rubi(hng ngc): mu + saphia: mu xanh. HOT NG 2 2. Tnh cht ho hc: Gv; Thng bo, ion Al3+ c in tch ln nn a) Al2O3 l hp cht rt bn: lc ht gia ion Al3+ v ion O2- rt mnh, to - Al2O3 l hp cht ion, dng tinh th ra lin kt trong Al2O3 rt bn vng. n rt bn v mt ho hc, ton/c = 2050oC. - Cc cht: H2, C, CO, khng kh c GV; Lm th nghim: cho Al2O3 tc dng vi Al2O3. dung dch HCl, NaOH, cho hc sinh quan st b) Al2O3 l cht lng tnh: hin tng. - Tc dng vi axit mnh: HS: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra Gio vin: 8
Gio n ha hc 12 Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3 H2O Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3 H2O C tnh cht ca oxit baz. - Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh: AL2O3 +2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] Al2O3 +2OH- + 3H2O 2[Al(OH)4] C tnh cht ca oxit axit . II. Nhm hidroxit: Al(OH)3. 1. Tnh cht ho hc: a) Tnh bn vi nhit: to 2 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3 H2O b) L hp cht lng tnh: - Tc dng vi cc dung dch axit mnh: 3 HCl + Al(OH)3 AlCl3 + 3 H2O 3 H+ + Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 3 H2O - Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh : Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4] Al(OH)3 + OH- [Al(OH)4]- Nhng vt bng nhm b ho tan trong dung dch NaOH, Ca(OH)2 ..l do : mng bo v: Al2O3 +2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] 2 Al + 6 H2O 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2 Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4] III. Nhm sunfat: Al2(SO4)3. Quan trng l phn chua: Cng thc ho hc: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O Hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O * ng dng: Phn chua c dng trong cng nghip thuc da, CN giy.... HOT NG 5: Cng c: bi tp 1,2 /sgk Tit 43:
Chng trnh nng cao Kt lun tnh cht ca Al2O3 C) ng dng ca Al2O3: - HS nghin cu sgk v cho bit cc ng dng ca nhm oxit.(sx nhm, lm trang sc...) HOT NG 3 GV: Al(OH)3 l hp cht kem bn i vi nhit, b phn hu khi un nng. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ? GV: Lm th nghim: Dung dch HCl
Al(OH)3 Dung dch NaOH
Al(OH)3 HS: Quan st hin tng xy ra v vit phng trnh phn ng chng minh hin tng . Hi: V sao nhng vt bng nhm khng tan nc nhng b ho tan trong dung dch NaOH ? HOT NG 4 Hi: V sao phn chua c th lm trong nc c ?
I. Muc tieu: 1. Kien thc: - Hieu c moi quan he gia kim loai kiem va kim loai kiem tho, nhom ve cau tao nguyen t, tnh chat hoa hoc cua n chat va hp chat. 2. K nang: - So sanh cau hnh electron, nang lng ion hoa, ien tch ion, so oxi hoa cua mot so nguyen to tieu bieu la Na, Mg va Al e thay c s khac nhau va giong nhau gia chung. Gio vin: 9
LUYEN TAP TNH CHAT CUA KL KIEM VA KL KIEM THO VA NHOM
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - So sanh the ien cc chuan gia cac kim loai e thay c s giong nhau va khac nhau gia chung. - So sanh tnh baz gia cac hp chat hiroxit gia cac kim loai tren. Viet PTHH. II. Chuan b: GV: Chuan b mot so bang e hoc sinh ghi tiep kien thc ma cac em a c hoc III, Cac hoat ong tren lp: GV: neu muc ch cua bai luyen tap. GV: tien hanh phat cac phieu hoc tap cho tng nhom va yeu cau cac em viet cac kien thc ma phieu hoc tap yeu cau , sau o ai dien cua tng nhom len trnh bay phan kien thc cua to mnh. Trc lp GV: hng dan cac em trnh bay va chot lai cac kien thc can nh. BAI TAP: GV: Sau khi on lai kien thc can nh gv yeu cau hoc sinh giai bai tap V du: 1. Hay neu phng phap hoa hoc nhan biet : a. 3 kim loai: Al, Mg, Na b. 3 oxit: Al2O3, MgO, Na2O c. 3 hiroxit: AlOH3, Mg(OH)2, NaOH d. 3 muoi ran: NaCl, AlCl3, MgCl2 2. Hay neu iem chung ve phng phap ieu che kim loai kiem, kim loai kiem tho, nhom. Lay v du minh hoa, viet PTHH 3. gv chon bai tap 2, 3, 4 SGK e hoc sinh lam tai lp. 4. GV cho mot bai tap lien quan en 3 kim loai tren 5. GV anh gia ket qua bang tra li cua tng nhom va cho iem tng nho Tit 44 Bai 30: BAI THC HANH SO 5 I. Muc tieu: - Cung co kien thc ve mot so tnh chat hoa hoc cua Na, Mg, Al va hp chat cua nhom. - tiep tuc ren luyen k nang thao tac, quan sat va giai thch hien tng trong th nghiem II. Chuan b dung cu: Dung cu th nghiem Hoa chat - Coc thuy tinh 500ml: 3 - Na - Ong hnh tru co e: 1 - Mg si hoac bang dai - Ong nghiem : 5 - Al la - Pheu thuy tinh c nho : 1 - Dung dch CuSO4 ac - Ong hut nho giot: 3 - Dung dch Al2(SO4)3 ac - Gia e ong nghiem: 1 - Dung dch NaOH - ua thuy tinh: 1 - Dung dch H2SO4 hoac HCl. - Kep kim loai: 1 III. Cac hoat ong thc hanh: Chia hoc sinh theo 8 nhom thc hanh, moi nhom t 5 6 em Th nghiem 1: Phan ng cua Na, Mg, Al vi nc. Gio vin: 10
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao Chuan b va tien hanh th nghiem a, b nh SGK a viet 1. Na tac dung vi nc nhiet o thng: - Tien hanh th nghiem nh SGK - Can lu y cho hoc sinh: - Can at ong hnh tru trong coo thuy tinh 500ml. o nc vao coc cho en khi mc nc dang len trong ong hnh tru ch cach mep di cua nut cao su chng 1cm. Nham muc ch: * am bao an toan hn do s tao thanh hon hp kh no ( H2 mi tao thanh va oxi cuakhong kh co san trong ong hnh tru) giam i nhieu. * Tiet kiem hoa chat. - Ong ot H2 phai co au vuot nhon. - e n gian hn ta co the thc hien phan ng trong mot th nghiem . at ong nghiem tren gia e ong nghiem va rot nc vao ong cho en khi mc nc cach nut di nut cao su chng 1cm. Dung kep sat cho vao ong nghiem mieng Na bang hat au xanh. Mot tay ay nhanh mieng nut cao su co ong dan kh xuyen qua, tay kia a que om ang chay vao gan au ong dan kh. Co tieng no bep va ngon la hiro chay. 2. Mg tac dung vi nc nhiet o thng: - Thc hien th nghiem nh SGK. - Lu y: at vao coc nc oan day Mg a lam sach va c uon theo hnh lo so. Up ngc ong nghiem a cha ay nc len oan day Mg noi tren. -GV: hng dan hoc sinh quan sat co rat t bot liti H 2 xuat hien tren day Mg roi noi len tu lai ay ong nghiem up ngc. Hien tng xay ra rat cham. Thay Mg bang kim loai nhomphan ng hoa hoc xay ra khong ro v nhiet o thng tuy nhom co the kh c nc giai phong kh H2 nhng phan ng nhanh chong dng lai v lp nhom hiroxit khong tan trong nc a ngan can khong cho nhom tiep xuc vi nc. Th nghiem 2: phan ng cua nhom vi dung dch CuSO4: a. Chuan b va tien hanh th nghiem nh SGK o Co the nhung la nhom vao dung dch HCl loang roi ra bang nc sach e lam mat lp Al2O3 bao phu ngoai la nhom. o Can dung dch CuSO4 ac. o Co the thc hien phan ng trong hom nho cua e s gia th nghiem thc hanh. b. Quan sat hien tng xay ra va giai thch: - Nhung la nhom vao ong nghiem cha dung dch CuSO4. khong co phan ng hoa hoc say ra v trong khong kh be mat cua nhom c phu kn bang mang Al2O3 rat mong nhng rat vng chac. - Sau khi dung giay rap mn anh sach lp Al2O3 phu ngoai la nhom ta nhung la nhom vao dung dch CuSO4 th sau vai phut co lp vay mau o bam len mat la nhom. Th nghiem 3: Tnh chat cua nhom hiroxit: Gio vin: 11
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao a) Tien hanh th nghiem nh SGK va lu y khi ieu che ket tua Al(OH)3 t dung dch Al2(SO4)3 ac va dung dch NaOH khong dung d NaOH. b) Quan sat hien tng say ra va ket luan. - Khi nho vai giot dung dch HCl vao Al(OH)3 cha trong coc nc (1) th Al(OH)3 tao thanh AlCl3 va nc. - Nho vai giot dung dch NaOH ac vao Al(OH) 3 cha trong coc nc (2) th Al(OH)3 cung tan, tao thanh Na[ Al(OH)4] - HS: viet phng trnh phan ng minh hoa. - Ket luan: Al(OH)3 la hp chat co tnh lng tnh IV. HS vit tng trnh th nghim: Tit 45:
BI KIM TRA 45 PHT LN 1

S GD & T QUNG NGI TRNG THPT TRN QUANG DIU KIM TRA MN HA LP 12 BAN A THI GIAN : 45 PHT
Chn kt qu ng mi cu v nh cho (x) vo bng sau : 1/ bo qun kim loi Na trong phng th nghim, ngi ta dng cch no sau y : A Ngm trong ru B Bo qun trong bnh kh NH3 C Ngm trong nc D Ngm trong du ha 2/ Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng d dng vi nc nhit thngl: A Mg, Na B Na, Ba C Mg, Ba D Cu, Al 3/ Hidroxit no sau y c tnh lng tnh: A NaOH B Cu(OH)2 C Al(OH)3 D Mg(OH)2 4/ Kim loi kim c th iu ch c trong cng nghip theo phng php no sau y : A Nhit luyn B Thy luyn C in phn dung dch D in phn nng chy 5/ Cc nguyn t nhm IA ca bng tun han c c im no chung sau y: A S e lp ngai cng B S lp e C S ntron D S in tch ht nhn 6/ Cht no sau y c s dng kh tnh cng ca nc cng vnh cu : A NaNO3 B Ca(OH)2 C Cht trao i ion(Zeolit) D CaCl2 7/ Loi qung no sau y c cha nhm xit trong thnh phn ha hc : A Pirit B Boxit C lmit D vi 8/ Cc nguyn t kim loi no c sp xp theo chiu tng ca tnh kh : A Al, Fe, Zn, Mg B Ag, Cu , Al , Mg C Na, Mg,Al, Fe D Ag, Cu, Mg, Al 9/ Trong s cc phng php lm mm nc cng sau , phng php no ch lm mm nc cng tm thi ? A Phng php ha hc B Phng php trao i ion C Phng php ct nc D Phng php un si nc 10/ Trng hp no sau y l n mn in ha ? A Km b ph hy trong kh clo B Km trong dung dch H2SO4 lang C Natri chy trong khng kh D Thp trong khng kh m 11/ Hin tng hp kim dn in v dn nhit km kim loi nguyn cht v lin kt ha hc trong hp kim l : A Lin kt ion B Lin kt kim loi v lin kt cng ha tr Gio vin: 12
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao C Lin kt kim loi D Lin kt cng ha tr lm gim mt e t do 12/ Dy gm cc kim loai u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 l : A Al , Fe, Mg , Cu B Na, Al, Fe, Ba C Na, Al, Cu D Ba, Mg, Ag ,Cu 2+ 2+ 2+ 13/ Dung dch A cha 5 ion : Mg , Ba , Ca v 0,1 mol Cl- , 0,2 mol NO3- . Thm dn V lt dung dch K2CO3 1M vo dung dch A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht . V c gi tr l : A 0,15 B 0,25 C 0,3 D 0,2 14/ Hin tng no xy ra khi cho t t dung dch HCl cho n d vo dung dch natrialuminat A Khng c hin tng no xy ra B C kt ta dng keo , kt ta khng tan C Ban u c kt ta dng keo, lng kt ta tng dn n cc i, sau kt ta tan dn D Ban u c kt ta dng keo, sau tan n 15/ Dy kim loi no sau y c sp xp theo chiu tng tnh dn in tng dn : A Fe, Al, Cu, AG B Ca, Mg, Al, Fe C Fe, Mg, Au , Hg D Cu, Ag, Au, Ti 16/ Ha tan 0,5 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ha tr 2 trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lit kh (ktc) . kim loi ha tr 2 l A Zn B Mg C Ca D Be 17/ Cho 16,2 gam mt kim loi M c ha tr n tc dng vi 0,15 mol oxi. cht rn thu c sau phn ng dem ha tan vo dung dch HCl d thy that ra 13,44 lt kh H 2 (ktc), phn ng xy ra han tan . kim loi M l A Mg B Ca C Al D Fe 18/ ha tan han tan 20 gam hn hp Fe v Mg trong dung ch HCl thu c 1 gam kh H2 . c cn dung dch th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan A 55,5gamB 50gam C 56,5 gam D 27,55 gam 19/ Ha tan 4,59 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 lang thu c hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi hi i vi H2 l 16,75. t l th tch ca kh N2O/NO l : A 2/3 B 1/3 C 3/1 D 3/2 20/ Ha tan han tan 0,1 mol hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo dung dch HCl d, dn kh thu c vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th lng kt ta to ra l m gam. Gi tr ca m l : A 7,5 B 10 C 15 D 0,1 21/ C 6 dung dch ng trong 6 l : NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, MgCl2, AlCl3, FeCl2, FeCl3 . ch dng mt cht no sau y gip nhn bit 6 cht trn A Dung dch NaOH B Dung dch Ba(OH)2 C Dung dch ZnSO4 D Dung dch NH3 22/ Cho 3,87 gam bt nhm phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl3 . Cng thc phn t cu mui XCl3 l cht no sau y : A CrCl3 B FeCl3 C BCl3 D AlCl3 23/ Ha tan han tan 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim lai ha tr II vo dung ch HCl thy that ra 0,2 mol kh. khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thundcc bao nhiu gam mui khan: A 26gam B 26,8 gam C 28 gam D 28,6 gam 24/ Hn hp X gm 2 kim lai A v B nm k tip nhau trong bng tun han. Ly 6,2 gam X ha tan han t5an vo nc thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). A v B l 2 kim lai A Na, K B K, Rb C Li, Na D Rb, Cs 25/ Nhng mt thanh nhm nng 50 gam v 400 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,5 M . sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm ra cn nng 51,38 gam . khi lng Cu that ra l: A 0,64 gam B 1,92 gam C 1,28 gam D 2,56 gam
Gio vin:
13
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao
Tit 46: Chng 6: CRM - ST - NG MC TIU CA CHNG 1. V kin thc: a) HS bit: - Cu to nguyn t v v tr mt s kim loi chuyn tip trong BTH. - Cu to n cht ca mt s kim loi chuyn tip. b) HS hiu: - S xut hin cc trng thi oxi ho - Tnh cht l, ho hc ca mt s n cht v hp cht. - Sx v ng dng mt s kim loi chuyn tip. 2. V k nng: - Rn luyn k nng vn dng kin thc gii thch tnh cht ca cc cht. - Bit phn on v so snh tm hiu tnh cht. 3. V gio dc t tng: - Bit yu qu thin nhin v bo v ti nguyn khong sn. - C thc vn dng nhng kin thc ho hc khai thc , gi gn v bo v mi trng. Bi 31: CRM I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. V kin thc: - Bit cu hnh electron v v tr ca crm trong bng tun hon. - Hiu c tnh cht l, ho hc ca n cht crm - Hiu c s hnh thnh cc trng thi oxi ho ca crm. - Hiu c phng php s dng sn xut crm. 2. V k nng: - Vn dng c im cu to nguyn t v cu to n cht gii thch nhng tnh cht l, ho hc c bit ca crm. - Rn luyn k nng hc tp theo phng php nghin cu, t duy logic. II. Chun b: 1. Bng tun han 2. Mt s vt dng m kim loi crm III. Cc hot ng dy hc. NI DUNG BI HC HOT NG CA GV V HS I. V tr v cu to: HOT NG 1 1. V tr ca crm trong BTH: Crm l kim loi chuyn tip GV: Treo BTH v tr: STT: 24 HS: Tm s th t ca crm, v tr ca crm Chu k: 4 trong bng tun hon. Nhm: VIB 2. Cu to ca crm: Hi: T s hiu nguyn t ca crm trong 2 2 6 2 6 5 1 sgk. 24 Cr 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 3. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn - Trong hp cht, crm c s oxi ho t bin i t +1 n +6. s oxi ho ph 4. Phn b e vo lng t bin l +2,+3,+6. ( crm c e ho tr 5. Nhn xt v s lp e, s e c nm phn lp 3d v 4s) thn. - nhit thng: cu to tinh th lc Hi: t s e c thn hy d on s oxi ho phng. Gio vin: 14
Gio n ha hc 12 3. Mt s tnh cht khc: o E Cr3+/Cr = - 0,74 V II. Tnh cht vt l: - Crm c mu trng bc, rt cng ( cng thua kim cng) - Kh nng chy, l kimloi nng, d = 7,2 g/cm3. III. Tnh cht ho hc: 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: 4Cr + 3 O2 2 Cr2O3 2Cr + 3Cl2 2 CrCl3 - nhit thng trong khng kh, kim loi crm to ra mng mng crm (III) oxit c cu to mn, bn vng bo v. nhit cao kh c nhiu phi kim. 2. Tc dng vi nc: khng tc dng vi nc do c mng oxit bo v. 3. Tc dng vi axit: vi dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long nng, mng axit b ph hu Cr kh c H+ trong dung dch axit. Vd: Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2 Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2 Pt ion: 2H+ + Cr Cr2+ + H2 - Crm th ng trong axit H2SO4 v HNO3 c ,ngui. IV. ng dng v sn xut: 1. ng dng: Sgk 2. Sn xut - Trong TN, crm tn ti dng hp cht. qung ch yu ca crm l crmit: FeO.Cr2O3. - P2: tch Cr2O3 ra khi qung, dng phng php nhit nhm. Cr2O3 + 2 Al 2Cr + Al2O3 HOT NG 5: Cng c: bi tp 2,3/sgk
Chng trnh nng cao c th c ca crm? HS: Quan st sgk v cho bit cu to ca crm n cht, Eo, m in, bn knh nguyn t, ion, nng lng ion ho. HOT NG 2: Hi: Hy nghin cu sgk tm hiu tnh cht vt l c bit ca crm. da vo cu trc mng tinh th, hy gii thch nhng tnh cht vt l ? HOT NG 3 Gv: Da vo bng 1 s tnh cht khc ca crm, hy d on kh nng hot ng ca crm? - Crm l kim loi chuyn tip kh hot ng, nhit cao n c th phn ng mnh lit vi hu ht phi kim nh: Hal, O2, S... Hi: V sao Eo Cr2+/Cr = - 0,86 V < Eo H2O/H2 Nhng crm khng tc dng vi nc ? HS: So snh Eo H+/H2 vi Eo Cr2+/Cr . Yu cu: crm kh c H+ trong dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long , gii phng H2. Hy vit ptp xy ra dng phn t v ion thu gn. Lu :
HOT NG 4 Hs: Nghin cu sgk v cho bit cc ng dng ca crm. - Crm c sx nh th no ? nguyn liu v phng php ?
Tit 47: Bi: MT S HP CHT CA CRM I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. V kin thc: - Bit tnh cht ho hc c trng ca cc hp cht ca crm (II), crm(III), crm(VI). - Bit c ng dng ca mt s hp cht ca crm. 2. V k nng: tip tc rn luyn k nng vit pt phn ng, c bit phn ng oxi ho kh. II. Chun b: dung dch K2Cr2O7, NaOH, KOH, HCl, H2SO4, KI, CrCl3, Cr2(SO4)3, Cr2O3, ng nghim, kp, gi ng nghim, ng nh git. III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc Gio vin: 15
Gio n ha hc 12 NI DUNG BI HC I. Mt s hp cht ca crm (II) vd: CrO, CrCl2, Cr(OH)2 1. Crm (II) oxit: CrO l mt oxit baz. - Tc dng vi axit HCl, H2SO4 CrO + 2 HCl CrCl2 + H2O - CrO c tnh kh, trong khng kh b oxi ho thnh Cr2O3 . 2. Crm (II) hidroxit Cr(OH)2 : - L cht rn mu vng. /c: CrCl2 + 2 NaOH Cr(OH)2 + 2NaCl - Cr(OH)2 l mt baz: Cr(OH)2 + 2 HCl - Cr(OH)2 c tnh kh. 4 Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 Cr(OH)3 3. Mui crm (II): c tnh kh mnh 4 CrCl2 + 4HCl + O2 4CrCl3 + 2 H2O II. hp cht crm (III): 1. Crm (III) oxit: Cr2O3 ( mu lc thm) Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh, tan trong axit v kim c. Vd: Cr2O3 + HCl Cr2O3 + NaOH + H2O 2. Crm (III) hidroxit: Cr(OH)3 l cht rn mu xanh nht. i ch:CrCl3 +3 NaOH Cr(OH)3 + 3NaCl - Cr(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh: Cr(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Cr(OH)4] Natri crmit Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3 H2O 3. Mui crm (III): va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho. Hs nghin cu sgk Zn + Cr3+ Cr3+ + OH- + Br2 CrO42- + Br- + H2O mui quan trng l phn crm-kali: KCr(SO4)2.12H2O- c mu xanh tm, dng trong thuc da, cht cm mu trong nhm vi.
Chng trnh nng cao HOT NG CA GV V HS HOT NG 1 Hi: hy nghin cc sgk v cho bit ? 1) C nhng loi hp cht crm (II) no ? 2) Tnh cht ho hc ch yu ca cc loi hp cht ny l g ? 3) Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho tnh cht nu ?
GV: qua nhng phn ng trn hy rt ra tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht crm (II) l g ? HOT NG 2 Gv: Lm th nghim: - cho HS quan st bt Cr2O3 v nhn xt. - Cho Cr2O3 tc dng ln lt vi HCl v dd NaOH. HS: quan st v vit ptp xy ra. GV: iu ch Cr(OH)3 t mui v dung dch NaOH vo 2 ng nghim. Sau cho H2SO4 v NaOH vo mi ng. HS: quan st v vit ptp chng minh tnh lng tnh ca Cr(OH)3. HS: cho bit s oxi ho ca Crm trong mt s mui crm (III) v a ra nhn xt v tnh cht ca mui crm (III).
GV: cho Eo Cr2+/Cr = - 0,86 V , Eo Cr3+/Cr = 0,74 V, Eo Zn2+/Zn = - 0,76 V. hy vit p xy ra khi cho Zn vo dung dch CrCl3. HOT NG 3 Hi: nghin cc sgk cho bit nhng tnh cht IV. Hp cht Crm (VI): l, ho hc ca CrO3 ? so snh vi hp cht 1. Crm (VI) oxit: CrO3 tng t SO3 c c im g ging v khc ? - L cht rn mu . GV: gi ? - CrO3 l cht oxi ho rt mnh. mt s 1) s oxi ho cao nht +6 nn hp hp cht v c v hu c bc chy khi cht ny c ch tnh oxi ho ? o tip xc vi t 3. CrO 2) ging SO3, CrO3 l oxit axit 3) khc: CrO3 tc dng vi nc Vd: 2CrO3 + 2 NH3 Cr2O3 +N2 +3 H2O to ra hn hp 2 axit - CrO3 l mt oxit axit, tc dng vi 4) H2CO4 v H2Cr2O7 khng bn H2O to ra hn hp 2 axit. khc vi H2SO4 bn trong dung CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 : axit crmic Gio vin: 16
Gio n ha hc 12 2 CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 : axit i crmic - 2 axit trn ch tn ti trong dung dch, nu tch ra khi dung dch chng b phn hu to thnh CrO3 2. Mui crmat v icromat: - L nhng hp cht bn - Mui crmat: Na2CrO4,...l nhng hp cht c mu vng ca ion CrO42-. - Mui icrmat: K2Cr2O7... l mui c mu da cam ca ion Cr2O72-. - Gia ion CrO42- v ion Cr2O72- c s chuyn ho ln nhau theo cn bng. Cr2O72- + H2O 2 CrO42- + 2H+ (da cam) (vng) Cr2O72- + 2 OH- 2 CrO42- + 2 H+ * Tnh cht ca mui crmat v icromat l tnh oxi ho mnh. c bit trong mi trng axit. Vd: K2Cr2O7 + SO2 + H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 + KI + H2SO4
Chng trnh nng cao dch
HOT NG 4 Gv: cho HS quan st tinh th K2Cr2O7 v nhn xt. Ho tan K2Cr2O7 vo nc , cho hs quan st mu ca dung dch. GV: mu ca dd l mu ca ion Cr2O72Hi: nu hin tng xy ra v vit p khi : a) nh t t dd NaOH vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 b) nh t t dd H2SO4 long vo dd K2CrO4. Gv: ln th nghim : thm t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch K2Cr2O7, sau thm tip dung dch H2SO4. Hi hy d on tnh cht ca mui cromat v icromat ? gii thch ? TN: nh dd KI vo dd hn hp K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4
HOT NG 5: Cng c . vit ptp ttheo dy chuyn ho sau: Cr Cr2O3 CrCl3 Cr(OH)3 Na[Cr(OH)4 ] Cr(OH)3 CrCl3 Na2CrO4 Na2Cr2O7 Tit 48: Bi :
ST
Ngy son: 28/2/08
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. V kin thc: - Bit v tr nguyn t st trong bng tun hon - Bit cu hnh e nguyn t cu cc ion Fe2+, Fe3+ - Hiu c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca n cht st 2. V k nng: - Tip tc rn luyn k nng vit cu hnh e nguyn t v cu hnh e ca ion - Rn luyn kh nng hc tp theo phng php so snh, i chiu v suy lun logic II. Chun b: 1. Bng tun hon 2. Tranh v mng tinh th st, mu qung st 3. Dng c ho cht: dd HNO3, H2SO4 c nng, Fe, n cn III . T chc cc hot ng dy hc: NI DUNG BI HC HOT NG CA GV V HS I. V tr v cu to: HOT NG 1 1. V tr ca Fe trong BTH GV: Treo bng tun hon. v tr: stt : 26 HS: tm v tr ca Fe trong BTH v cho bit s chu k 4, nhm VIIIB hiu nguyn t v NTKTB ca Fe . - Nhm VIIIB, cng chu k vi st cn Hi: Cho bit cc nguyn t nm ln cn c cc nguyn t Co, Ni. Ba nguyn t nguyn t st ? ny c tnh cht ging nhau. GV t cc cu hi sau: 2. Cu to ca st: 1) Hy vit cu hnh e ca nguyn Gio vin: 17
Gio n ha hc 12 - Fe l nguyn t d, c th nhng 2 e hoc 3 e phn lp 4s v phn lp 3d to ra ion Fe2+,Fe3+. - Mng tinh th: ph thuc vo nhit - Trong hp cht, st c s oxi ho l +2, +3. Vd: FeO, Fe2O3 3. Mt s tnh cht khc ca st: E Fe2+/Fe = -0,44V; E Fe3+/Fe2+ = +....V II. Tnh cht vt l: - St l kim loi mu trng hi xm, do, dai, d rn, nhit nng chy kh cao( 1540oC) - dn nhit, dn in tt, c tnh nhim t. III. Tnh cht ho hc: - Khi tham gia phn ng ho hc, nguyn t st nhng 2 e phn lp 4s , khi tc dng vi cht oxi ho mnh th st nhng thm 1 e phn lp 3d. to ra cc ion Fe2+, Fe3+. Fe Fe2+ + 2e Fe Fe3+ + 3 e Tnh cht ho hc ca st l tnh kh. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: - Vi oxi, phn ng khi un nng. to 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 ( FeO.Fe2O3) - vi S, Cl: p cn ung nng. 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 2Fe + 3 Br2 2 FeBr3 Fe + I2 FeI2 Fe + S FeS 2. Tc dng vi axit: a) Vi cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long: VD: Fe + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2 Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 Pt ion: Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2 St kh ion H+ trong dung dch axit thnh H2 t do. b) Vi cc axit HNO3, H2SO4 c: - Vi HNO3 c, ngui;H2SO4 c, ngui: Fe khng phn ng. - Vi H2SO4 c, nng; HNO3 c, nng: vd: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O st (III) sunfat Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3 NO2 + 3H2O - Vi HNO3 long: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Gio vin:
Chng trnh nng cao t Fe, ion Fe , Fe ? 2) Phn b cc e vo cc lng t. 3) Yu cu HS xc nh s xi ha ca Fe trong cc hp cht sau: FeO, Fe2O3, FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3. HS: c sgk v tm hiu mt s tnh cht khc ca Fe nh: r, th in cc chun... HOT NG 2 Hi: Da vo kin thc c, sgk hy cho bit st c nhng tnh cht vt l c bit g ? GV: b sung v kt lun. HOT NG 3 GV: phn tch: St c bao nhiu e lp ngoi cng ? Trong cc phn ng ha hc nguyn t st d nhng bao nhiu e ? HS: Do st l nguyn t d nn e ha tr nm phn lp s v d. Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh Fe c th nhng thm 1e phn lp 3d. Vy tnh cht ha hc ca st l g ? HOT NG 4 Hi: Hy nu mt s v d v p tc dng ca st vi phi kim ? - nhit thng st tc dng vi oxi hay khng ? Nu vt bng st trong khng kh m s c hin tng g ? GV: Tu vo tnh oxi ha ca phi kim m Fe b oxi ha thnh +2 hoc +3. - hy xc nh vai tr ca cc cht trong p. HOT NG 5 Hi: Hy vit p xy ra khi cho Fe tc dng vi dd HCl, H2SO4 long? Xc nh vai tr ca cc cht / GV: lm th nghim Fe + HCl - Cht oxi ha l ion H+, ch oxi ha Fe thnh Fe2+. GV: Fe tc dng c vi HNO3 c ngui, H2SO4 c ngui hay khng ? Hi: HNO3, nng; H2SO4c nng l nhng cht oxi ha mnh, s oxi ha Fe v mc oxi ha no ? HS: vit ptp ? - HS vit ptp ca Fe vi dung dch HNO3 long, v cho bit sp khc vi t/h trn hay khng ? HOT NG 6 GV: Hy vit p xy ra khi cho Fe vo cc dung dch CuSO4; FeCl3, xc nh vai tr ca cc cht ? 18
2+ 3+
Gio n ha hc 12 vd: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu kh oxh Fe + 2 Fe(NO3)3 3 Fe(NO3)2 Vd: Cho Fe d tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c, nng. 4. Tc dng vi nc: - Nu cho hi nc i qua st nhit cao, Fe kh nc gii phng H2. P: 3 Fe + 4 H2O Fe3O4 + 4 H2 Fe + H2O FeO + H2 IV . iu ch: trong cng nghip t qung st. - Dng phng php nhit luyn: vd: Fe2O3 + 3 CO 2Fe + 3 CO2 cc p khc: FeCl2 Fe + Cl2 Mg + FeSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
Chng trnh nng cao
Fe
Cu
Vd: cho Fe d tc dng vi dung dch HNO3. Ch : Quy tc alpha. HOT NG 7 GV: nhit thng Fe c kh c nc hay khng ?
Hi: 1) C my phng php iu ch kim loi ? 2) ta c th iu ch Fe bng cch no ?
HOT NG 8: 1.Cng c ton bi : kim loi st c tnh kh 2. Cho Fe d vo dd HNO3 long 3. Vit ptp Fe FeCl3 FeCl2 Fe(NO3)3 Fe3O4 FeCl3 Tit 49: Bi : HP CHT CA ST I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Nm c tnh cht ho hc chung ca cc oxit st (FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3) l oxit baz, ca cc hidroxit st Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3 l baz v minh ha tnh cht ho hc ny bng cc p ca chng i vi axit. 2. Bit nguyn tc v phn ng ho hc c th iu ch Fe(OH) 2, Fe(OH)3. nhng hidroxit ny b phn hu khi t nng to ra nhng oxit tng ng v iu ch. 3. Hp cht st (II) c tnh kh, khi b oxi ho n bin thnh hp cht st (III). dn ra c nhng phn ng ho hc minh hc. 4. Hp cht st (III) l cht oxi ho, khi b kh n bin thnh hp cht st (II), Fe. dn ra c nhng phn ng ho hc minh ho. 5. Nhn bit cc ion Fe2+, Fe3+ trong dung dch bng phn ng ho hc. II. t chc cc hot ng dy hc: NI DUNG BI HC HOT NG CA GV V HS I. Hp cht st (II): HOT NG 1 gm mui, hidroxit, oxit ca Fe2+ Hi:1) Hy ly v d v mt s hp cht st Vd: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeCl2 (II) ? 1. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp 2) Fe c th nhng bao nhiu e ? Nh vy ion cht st (II): Fe2+ c th nhng thm bao nhiu e phn - Hp cht st (II) tc dng vi cht oxi lp 3d ? ho s b oxi ho thnh hp cht st 3) Khi no ion Fe2+ nhng e trong cc phn (III). Trong p ho hc ion Fe2+ c kh ng ha hc ? nng cjo 1 electron. T cho bit hp cht st (II) c tnh cht Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e ha hc chung l g ? Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st HOT NG 2 (II) l tnh kh. Gio vin: 19
Gio n ha hc 12 V d 1: nhit thng, trong khng kh ( c O2, H2O) Fe(OH)2 b oxi ho thnh Fe(OH)3. P: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 Fe (OH)3 kh oxh V d 2: Sc kh clo vo dung dch mui FeCl2 P: 2 FeCl2 + Cl2 2 FeCl3 Fe(NO3)2 + HNO3 NO + ... V d 3: Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 long: 3FeO + 10 HNO3 3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O V d 4: cho t t dung dch FeSO4 vo dung dch hn hp ( KMnO4 + H2SO4) Kt lun: c) Oxit v hidroxit st c tnh baz: 2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (II): a) Fe(OH)2 : Dng phn ng trao i ion gia dung dch mui st (II) vi dung dch baz. V d: FeCl2 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaCl Fe2+ + 2 OH- Fe(OH)2 b) FeO : - Phn hu Fe(OH)2 nhit cao trong mi trng khng c khng kh . Fe(OH)2 FeO + H2O - Hoc kh oxit st nhit cao. to Fe2O3 + CO 2 FeO + CO2 c) Mui st (II): cho Fe hoc FeO, Fe(OH)2 tc dng vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long. II. Hp cht st (III): 1. Tnh cht ho hc ca hp cht st (III): a) Hp cht st (III) c tnh oxi ho: khi tc dng vi cht kh, hp cht st (III) b kh thnh hp cht st (II) hoc kim loi st t do. Trong p ho hc : Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ Fe3+ + 3e Fe tnh cht chung ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho. V d 1: Nung hn hp gm Al v Fe2O3 nhit cao: Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2 Fe V d 2: Ngm mt inh st sch trong dung dch mui st (III) clorua. 2 FeCl3 + Fe 3 FeCl2 V d 3: cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3. Cu + 2 FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2 FeCl2 - Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl3 c hin tng vn c: 2 FeCl3 + H2S 2 FeCl2 + 2 HCl + S Gio vin:
Chng trnh nng cao Hs vit p xy ra v cho bit vai tr ca st trong cc trng hp v d sau: Hi: clo l cht oxi ha mnh hay yu, khi sc kh clo vo dung dch FeCl2 , hy vit p xy ra ? FeCO3 + HNO3 c nng Hi: s oxi ha ca st trong FeO l bao nhiu , cao nht cha ? Khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long l cht oxi ha th c hin tng g xy ra ? Vd: FeO + H2SO4 long FeO + H2SO4 c HS: vit p chng minh FeO v Fe(OH)2 c tnh baz. HOT NG 3 iu ch Fe(OH)2 ta i t nhng hp cht no ? GV: Trong p iu ch Fe(OH)2, cc cht khng c ln cht oxi ha nh O2...nu khng s c mt phn Fe(OH)3. Hi : 1) Hy nu nhng tnh cht vt l ca FeO ? 2) iu ch FeO, theo cc em phi thc hin nhng phn ng no ? V nu p nung Fe(OH)2 thc hin trong khng kh th c thu c FeO ? 3) Hy vit pt phn ng ca FeO, Fe(OH)2 vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long ? t hy cho bit cch aiu ch mui Fe(II). HOT NG 4 Hy ly v d mt s hp cht st (III) ? GV: ion Fe3+ c th nhn e tr thnh ion Fe2+ hoc nguyn t Fe khi tc dng vi cht kh. T hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (III) l g ?
Hi: Hy ly mt s v d m trong hp cht st (III) ng vai tr l mt cht oxi ha ? HS: Ly vd, vit p v xc nh s oxi ha kt lun. VD: 2FeCl3 + 2KI 2FeCl2 + 2KI+ I2 HS: Vit ptp ca Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3 vi cc axit tng ng. 20
Gio n ha hc 12 2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (III): a. Fe(OH)3: Cht rn, mu nu . - iu ch: p trao i ion gia dung dch mui st (III) vi dung dch kim. V d :Fe(NO3)3 +3NaOH Fe(OH)3+3 NaNO3 Pt ion: Fe3+ + 3 OH- Fe(OH)3 b. St (III) oxit: Fe2O3 phn hu Fe(OH)3 nhit cao 2 Fe(OH)3 - Fe2O3 + 3 H2O c. Mui st (III): 3. ng dng ca hp cht st (III): phn st amoni: NH4Fe(SO4)2. 12H2O
Chng trnh nng cao HOT NG 5 Hy cho bit tnh cht vt l ca Fe(OH)3 ? iu ch Fe(OH)3 ta cn thc hin phn ng no ? HS: vit p xy ra dng phn t v ion thu gn. Hi: Nu trong p iu ch Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3 thc hin trong mi trng khng kh hoc c ln cht oxi ha th c nh hng g ti sp hay khng ? HS: vit cc p xy ra.
HOT NG 6: 1. Cng c ton bi: tnh cht ca hp cht st (II). (III). 2. Vit cc ptp theo dy chuyn ho sau: Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe FeCl3 Fe(NO3)3 Cu(NO3)2 Tit 50: Bi: HP KIM CA ST I. Muc tieu bai hoc: 1. Kien thc: - Biet thanh phan nguyen to trong gang va thep. - Biet phan loai tnh chat, ng dung cua gang va thep. - Biet nguyen lieu va nguyen tac san xuat gang va thep. - Biet mot so phng phap luyen gang va thep. 2. K nang: Van dung kien thc ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua sat va cac hp chat cua sat e giai thch cac qua trnh hoa hoc xay ra trong lo luyen gang va thep. 3. Thai o: - Biet gia tr ve kinh te va gia tr s dung cua gang va thep - Co y thc va biet cach s dung, bao ve cac vat dung bang gang va thep. II. Chuan b: 1. Giao vien: - Tranh ve s o lo cao va cac phan ng xay ra trong lo cao. - Tranh ve s o lo thoi oxi. - Mot so mau vat bang gang thep. - Su tam cac thong tin ve ng dung cua gang thep trong i song va trong k thuat. 2. Hoc sinh: - Hoc k tnh chat hoa hoc cua n chat sat va cac oxit sat. Gio vin: 21
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - Xem lai cac kien thc ve hp kim . - Su tam cac mau vat ve gang, thep. III. TIEN TRNH BAI GIANG: 1. On nh trat t: 1 phut 2. Kiem tra bai cu : 15 phut 3. Giang bai mi. I. GANG: Hoat ong 1: (5 phut) GV: Cho hoc sinh quan sat mau vat bang gang, mau gang trang, gang xam GV: at cau hoi: H: Gang la g? HS: Gang la hp kim cua sat cacbon va mot so nguyen to khac, trong o ham lng cacbon bien ongtrong gii han 2% 5%. H: Co may loai gang? Gang trang khac gang xam cho nao? HS: Co 2 loai gang: gang trang va gang xam. H: Tnh chat va ng dung cua cac loai gang o la g? HS: Gang trang cng, gion, c dung e luyen thep. Gang xam t cng va t gion hn, c dung e uc cac vat dung. GV: Co the nhac lai kien thc ve hp kim , hp kim cua sat vi cacbon la g? Hoac l giai tai sao trong thc te ngi ta thng dung hp kim cua sat ma t dung sat nguyen chat. Hoat ong 2: (10 phut) GV: Yeu cau hs oc SGK tm hieu qua trnh luyen gang. GV: Hoi H: e luyen gang can nhng nguyen lieu g? HS: Nguyen lieu e luyen gang la quang sat, than coc va chat chay CaCO3 H: Nguyen tac cua viec luyen gang la g? HS: Nguyen tac luyen gang la dung chat kh CO e kh cac oxit sat thanh sat H: Cho biet nhng phan ng hoa hoc xay ra trong lo cao? GV: dung tranh ve s o lo cao va cac phan ng xay ra trong lo cao e ch cho hoc sinh thay ro cac vung xay ra phan ng ( HS ch can biet ma khong can nh nhiet o xay ra phan ng moi vung) HS: Cac phan ng kh sat xay ra trong lo cao II. THEP: Hoat ong 3: ( 7 phut) GV: Yeu cau hoc sinh nghien cu SGK va cho biet : H: Thanh phan nguyen to trong thep so vi gang co g khac? HS: Thep la hp kim cua sat vi cacbon va mot lng rat t nguyen to Si, Mn . . . Ham lng cacbon trong thep chiem 0,01 2%. H: Thep c chia lam may loai ? da tren c s nao? HS: Co 2 loai thep : da tren ham lng cua cac nguyen to co trong tng loai thep Gio vin: 22
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - Thep thng hay thep cacbon cha t cacbon, silic, mangan va rat t S,P. - Thep ac biet la thep co cha them cac nguyen to khac nh Si, Mn, Ni, W, Vd H: Cho biet ng dung cua thep? HS: Thep co nhieu ng dung trong cuoc song va trong k thuat. Hoat ong 4: ( 10 phut) GV: Hay cho biet nguyen tac san xuat thep? HS: Nguyen tac e san xuat thep la oxihoa e giam t le cacbon, silic, lu hunh, photpho co trong gang. GV: Hay cho biet nguyen lieu e san xuat thep? HS : Nguyen lieu e san xuat thep la: - Gang trang hoac gang xam, sat thep phe lieu. - Chat chay la CaO - Chat oxihoa la oxi nguyen chat hoac khong kh giau oxi. - Nguyen lieu la dau mazut, kh ot hoac dung nang lng ien. GV: hay neu cac phng phap , u nhc iem cua moi phng phap? HS: Co 3 phng phap luyen thep la: - phng phap lo thoi oxi, thi gian luyen thep ngan, chu yeu dung e luyen thep thng. - Phng phap lo bang: thng dung e luyen thep co chat lng cao. - Phng phap ho quang ien: dung e luyen thep ac biet, thanh phan co nhng km loai kho chay nh W, Mo, crom, . . . GV: Co the dung s o lo thoi oxi e ch dan cho hoc sinh thay c s van chuyen cac nguyen lieu trong lo Hoat ong 5: ( 6 phut) : CUNG CO BAI Tit 51,52: Bi :
NG. MT S HP CHT CA NG
I. Muc tieu bai hoc: 1. Kien thc: - Biet v tr cua nguyen to Cu trong bang tuan hoan. - Biet cau hnh electron nguyen t cua Cu. - Hieu c tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua ong. - Biet tnh chat, ng dung mot so hp chat va hp kim cua ong. - Biet cac cong oan cua qua trnh san xuat ong. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang s dung day the ien cc cua kim loai e xet oan chieu hng cua phan ng oxihoa kh. - Tiep tuc ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc, ac biet la phan ng oxihoa kh Gio vin: 23
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - Ren luyen k nang thc hien va quan sat hien tng th nghiem. II. Chuan b: 1. Giao vien: - Mang tnh the lap phng tam dien. - Cac mau vat, quang ong, ong va hp kim ong. - Hoa chat, dung cu: o Cac dung dch axit: H2SO4 ac,loang; HNO3, HCl o Manh ong kim loai. o ong nghiem. 2. Hoc sinh: - Hoc sinh on lai cach viet cau hnh electron cua nguyen t ong - Su tam tranh anh, t lieu ve ng dung cua ong va hp kim cua ong III. Tien trnh bai giang: 1. n nh trat t: 2. Kiem tra bai cu: 3. Giang bai mi: NI DUNG BI HC A. NG. I. V tr v cu to: 1. V tr ca ng trong BTH: - L kim loi chuyn tip - V tr: STT: 29; chu k 4; nhm IB 2. Cu to ca ng: 2 2 6 2 6 10 1 29Cu : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s - L nguyn t d, c electron ho tr nm 4s v 3d - Trong hp cht: Cu c mc oxi ho ph bin l: +1 v +2 to ra c 2 ion: Cu+ (Ar) 3d10; Cu2+ (Ar) 3d9 - Bn knh nguyn t = 0,128(nm), c cu to mng tinh th LPTD l tinh th c chc lin kt trong n cht ng vng chc hn. 3. Mt s tnh cht khc ca ng : XCu = 1,9; Eo Cu /Cu = + 0,34 V. I1, I2 l 744; 1956 ( KJ/mol) II. Tnh cht vt l: - ng l kim loi mu , do, dai, d ko si, dt mng. - Dn nhit, dn in tt. - L kim loi nng, nhit nng chy cao. III. Tnh cht ho hc:
2+
HOT NG CA GV V HC SINH HOT NG1 GV: treo BTH v yu cu hs xc nh v tr ca Cu trong BTH ? Hi: 1) Xung quanh nguyn t Cu gm nhng nguyn t no ? hy cho bit ZCu v NTK ca n ? 2) hy vit cu hnh e ca Cu, cho bit s e tng lp ? v cho bit Cu thuc loi nguyn t g ? (s,p,d) so snh vi cu to ca Fe ? Cu c my e ha tr ? Nh vy trong hp cht Cu c nhng mc oxi ha no ? HS: Vit cu hnh e ca Cu+ v Cu2+ v quan st mng tinh th ca Cu. HS: Quan st hnh v mng tinh th ng. HOT NG 2 HS: Da vo kin thc thc t v sgk, hy nu ln nhng tnh cht vt l ca Cu. 4)
Gio vin:
HOT NG 3 Hi: 1) da vo cu to nguyn t, m 24
Gio n ha hc 12 Eo Cu /Cu = + 0,34 V > EoH /H ng l kim loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: - Cu phn ng vi oxi khi un nng to CuO bo v nn Cu khng b oxi ho tip tc. 2Cu + O2 CuO - Khi tip tc un nng ti (800-1000oC) CuO + Cu ---> Cu2O () - Tc dng trc tip vi Cl2, Br2, S... Cu + Cl2 CuCl2 Cu + S CuS 2. Tc dng vi axit: - Cu khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long. - Khi c mt oxi, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl, ni tip xc gia dung dch axit vi khng kh. 2 Cu + 4HCl + O2 2 CuCl2 + 2 H2O * vi HNO3, H2SO4 c : Cu + 2 H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O Cu + 4 HNO3 Cu + HNO3 long 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: - Kh c ion kim loi ng sau n trong dung dch mui. vd: Cu + 2 AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag IV. ng dng ca ng: da vo tnh do, dn in, dn nhit, bn ca ng v hp kim. 1. ng thau : Cu-Zn 2. ng bch : Cu-Ni 3. ng thanh : Cu-Sn 4. Cu-Au : ( vng ty) V. Sn xut ng: - Trong t nhin : phn ln tn ti dng hp cht. - Cc loi qung : pirit ng CuFeS2, malachit Cu(OH)2.CuCO3, chancozit : Cu2S - Sn xut ng t CuFeS2 : chia lm 2 giai on: Lm giu qng bng phng php tuyn ni. Chuyn ho qung ng thnh ng , gm 3 bc: +O2 +Cu2S 2 +O2 CuFeS2 Cu2S Cu2O Cu Gio vin:
2+ + 2
Chng trnh nng cao in, cc gi tr th in cc ca Cu, hy d on kh nng hot ng ha hc ca ng ?
2) ng c bn trong khng kh hay khng? Ti sao trong khng kh ng thng b ph mt lp mng c mu xanh ? 3) Hy vit ptp xy ra khi cho Cu tc dng vi Cl2, Br2, S HOT NG 4 Gv: Lm th nghim: Cu + H2SO4 long. HS: Quan st TN v khng nh mt ln na: Cu khng kh c ion H+ trong dung dch axit. GV: lm cc th nghim: cho mu Cu vo HNO3 c v H2SO4 c. HS: quan st , vit p gii thch hin tng. GV: Cho mt mu Cu vo dung dch AgNO3, dd Fe(NO3)3 HS: vit p HOT NG 5 HS: Nu nhng ng dng ca Cu trong thc t Ngihn cu sgk v cho bit nhng hp kim c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip v i sng. HOT NG 6 Hi: 1) trong t nhin , ng tn ti nhng dng no ? 2) Loi khong sn no c gi tr trong cng nghip sn xut ng.
3)
Nu nhng cng on chnh ca qu trnh sn xut Cu.
4)
vit cc p xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut Cu.
25
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao Tinh luyn ng th bng phng php in phn. HOT NG 7 B. MT S HP CHT CA NG: GV: cho hs quan st cc l ng CuO, yu cu hs cho bit cc tnh cht vt l ca CuO. I. ng (II) oxit: CuO - L cht rn mu en. Hi: 1) Hy cho bit phng php iu ch - iu ch: nhit phn. CuO ? 2 Cu(NO3)2 2 CuO + 4 NO2 + O2 2) Xc nh s oxi ha ca Cu trong CuO v CuCO3. Cu(OH)2 2 CuO + CO2 + H2O nu tnh cht c trng ca CuO ? Cu(OH)2 CuO + H2O - CuO c tnh oxi ho: Vd : CuO + CO Cu + CO2 3 CuO + 2 NH3 N2 + 3Cu + 3 H2O GV: lm th nghim: cho dung dch NaOH vo II. ng (II) hidroxit: Cu(OH)2 dung dch CuSO4 - L cht rn mu xanh. HS quan st v vit p xy ra; nu cch iu - iu ch: t dung dch mui Cu2+ v ch Cu(OH)2 v cho bit cc tnh cht ca n ? dung dch baz. Vd: CuSO4 + 2 NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Hi: c hin tng g xy ra khi cho t t - Cu(OH)2 d tan trong dung dch NH3 to dung dch NH3 cho n d vo dung dch dung dch mu xanh thm gi l nc CuSO4 ? Svayde. Vd: Cho t t dung dch NH3 cho n d vo dung dch CuSO4. HOT NG 10: Cng c: 1) Cng c ton bi. 2) HS lm mt s bi tp. 1. Vit ptp thc hin dy chuyn ho sau: Cu CuO CuCl2 Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu 2. Bng cch no c th tinh ch dung dch Fe (II) sunfat khi tp cht CuSO4 ?
Tit 53,54: Bi 37:
S LC V MT S KIM LOI KHC
A.Muc tieu bai hoc: 1. Kien thc: - Biet v tr cua mot so nguyen to kim loai quan trong trong bang tuan hoan - Biet cau tao nguyen t va tnh chat hoa hoc cua chung. - Biet ng dung va phng phap ieu che cac kim loai o. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang hoc tap theo phng phap oi chieu va so sanh. - Ren luyen kha nang suy luan logic, kha nang khai quat, he thong hoa van e. B. Chuan b: 1. Giao vien: - Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc. Gio vin: 26
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - Tai lieu, mau vat ve ng dung, ieu che mot so kim loai quan trong nh Ag, Au, Ni, Zn, Sn, Pb. 2. Hoc sinh: - oc k bai hoc nha - Su tam tai lieu, tranh anh, mau vat ve ieu che va ng dung cua mot so kim loai tren. C. Cac hoat ong day hoc: 1. On nh trat t: 2. Kiem tra bai cu: 3. Vao bai mi: Hoat ong 1: GV: Chia hoc sinh trong lp theo 5 nhom moi nhom khoang 10 em GV: Cho cac em ve nha chuan b trc en tiet hoc lp GV mi ai dien cua tng nhom len bao cao ket qua thu thap ve cau hoi cua mnh . cng bo co gm cc ni dung: 1. tm v tr ca nguyn t trong BTH 2. c im cu to ca nguyn t 3. tnh cht ho hc c bn 4. ng dng ca tng kim loi 5. phng php iu ch GV: Danh thi gian cho hoc sinh trong ca lp thao luan GV: Bo sung kien thc va tom tac cac kien thc trong tam Hoat ong 2: Cung co bai GV: Bo sung va sa cha lai cac bao cao va cho iem tng nhom hoc sinh GV: Nhan xet va ong vien tinh than lam viec cua hoc sinh. Tiet 55 Bai 38:
LUYEN TAP TNH CHAT HOA HOC CUA CROM , SAT , ONG VA NHNG HP CHAT CUA NO
I. Muc tieu cua bai hoc: 1. Kien thc: - Cung co va he thong hoa tnh chat hoa hoc cua cac kim loai Cr, Fe, Cu va mot so hp chat quan trong cua chung. - Thiet lap c moi quan he gia cac n chat va hp chat, gia cac hp chat vi nhau cua moi nguyen to da vao tnh chat hoa hoc cua chung. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc, ac biet la phan ng oxihoa kh - Van dung kien thc e giai cac bai tap co lien quan en tnh chat hoa hoc cua cac n chat va hp chat cua Cr, Fe, Cu. II. Chuan b: Gio vin: 27
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao 1. Giao vien: - Giao cong viec, bai tap cho hoc sinh chuan b nha. - Phieu hoc tap. 2. Hoc sinh: - On tap k nhng van e co lien quan en noi dung bai luyen tap. C. Cac hoat ong day tren lp: 1. On nh trat t: 2. Kiem tra cac kien thc can nh GV: Chuan b phieu hoc tap da theo muc tieu cua bai hoc va s o ve moi quan he ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua cac n chat va hp chat trong SGK. GV: Yeu cau tng ai dien len bao bao trc lp ve noi dung cua nhom mnh am nhan . GV: Cho hoc sinh trong lp thao luan va ket luan kien thc c ban nhat cua bai hoc 3. Giai bai tap: GV: kiem tra v bai tap cua hoc sinh ( bai tap a giao trc tiet luyen tap) - Lam u bai tap ve nha c 3 iem - Trnh bay sach se va khoa hoc c 1 iem - Lam ung moi y trong bai tap c 0,5 iem. HOT NG 1: Cng c kin thc. GV: chia HS theo nhm v yu cu mi nhm thc hin nhng cng vic sau: 1. vit cu hnh electron ca Cr, Fe, Cu 2. cho bit nhng tnh cht ho hc c trng ca nhng nguyn t ny, c v d minh ho 3. cho bit hp cht ca chng gm: oxit, hidroxit, mui ca cc nguyn t ny, nu nhng phng php c trng, vit ptp chng minh. 4. cc phng php iu ch kim loi Cr, Fe, Cu HS: nghin cu s tm tt trong sgk, tho lun kt lun HOT NG 2: Gii cc bi tp. Cu 1: s n mn st, thp l mt qu trnh oxi ho kh. a) hy gii thch v vit pt ho hc ca p xy ra khi st thp b n mn. b) km hoc thic trng ngoi vt bng st, thp c tc dng bo v chng n mn. Hy gii thch mt thc t l sau mt thi gian s dng th vt c trng bng km li c hiu qu bo v tt hn ? Cu 2: vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s d : a) Cr Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 Cr(OH)3 Na[Cr(OH)4] Na2CrO4 Na2Cr2O7 Cr2O3. b) Fe FeSO4 Fe Fe(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 CuCl2 Cu CuCl2 FeCl2 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe Cu 3: ho tan 4 gam oxit FexOy cn va 52,14 ml dung dch HCl 10% ( d=1,05g/ml). tm cng thc ca oxit st ? Tit 56:
BI THC HNH
( Tnh cht ha hc ca Crm, St, ng v nhng hp cht ca chng) Gio vin: 28
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao I. Mc tiu bi thc hnh: 1. Cng c kin thc v mt s tnh cht ha hc ca cc kim loi Cr,Fe,Cu v nhng hp cht ca chng. 2. Tip tc rn luyn k nng tin hnh th nghim vi lng nh ho cht. II. Dng c v ha cht: 1. Dng c: ng nghim, ng ht nh git, gi ng nghim, n cn, a thu tinh. 2. Ha cht: Cc dung dch: NaOH, HCl, K2Cr2O7, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, H2SO4 c, H2SO4 long, dd KMnO4, HNO3 long, FeCl3, KI, ng mnh. III. T chc cc hot ng bi thc hnh: GV chia hc sinh ra thnh nhiu nhm v cho hc sinh tin hnh th nghim. Th nghim 1: Tnh cht ha hc ca kali icromat K2Cr2O7. a) Tin hnh: Nh vo ng nghim 10 git dung dch K2Cr2O7. Nh tip vi git dung dch H2SO4 long, lc nh. Sau nh tip dn dn vo ng nghim tng git dung dch FeSO4 , lc nh. b) Hin tng v gii thch: - Dung dch lc u c mu gia cam ca ion Cr2O72- sau chuyn dn sang mu xanh ca ion Cr3+. P: K2Cr2O7 + 6 FeSO4 + 7 H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 3 Fe2(SO4)3 + 7 H2O. Kt lun: K2Cr2O7 c tnh oxi ha mnh , c bit trong mi trng axit, Cr+6 b kh thnh ion Cr3+. Th nghim 2: iu ch v tnh cht ca hidroxit st. a) Cch tin hnh th nghim: Nh vo 2 ng nghim, mi ng 10 git nc ct un si. Ho tan mt t FeSO4 vo ng nghim (1), mt t Fe2(SO4)3 vo ng nghin (2), nh tip vo mi ng nghim vi git dung dch NaOH long. b) Hin tng v gii thch: - Trong ng nghim (1) xut hin kt ta mu trng xanh, ng nghim (2) xut hin kt ta mu nu . P: FeSO4 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6 NaOH 2 Fe(OH)3 + 3 Na2SO4 - Dng a thu tinh ly nhanh tng loi kt ta, sau nh tip vo mi ng nghim vi git dung dch HCl. - Trong ng nghim (1) kt ta tan dn, thu c dung dch c mu lc nht ca FeCl2. Trong ng nghim (2) kt ta tan dn to ra dung dch c mu nu ca FeCl3. Kt lun: St (II) hidroxit v st (III) hidroxit c tnh baz. Th nghim 3: Tnh cht ha hc ca mui st: a) Tin hnh th nghim: Nh vo ng nghim 10 git dung dch FeCl3. Nh tip vi git dung dch KI v lc. b) Dung dch trong ng nghim chuyn dn t mu vng sang mu nu sm v cui cng xut hin kt ta tm en. P: 2 FeCl3 + 2 KI 2 FeCl2 + 2 KCl + I2 Kt lun: Mui Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha. Th nghim 4: Tnh cht ha hc ca ng: a) Tin hnh th nghim: - Nh 5 git dung dch H2SO4 long vo ng nghim (1) c vi mnh ng. - Nh 5 git dung dch H2SO4 c vo ng nghin (2) c vi mnh ng. - nh 5 git dd HNO3 long vo ng nghim (3) c mnh ng. Gio vin: 29
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao b) Hin tng v gii thch: ng nghim (1) khng c p xy ra ng nghim (2) p ha hc cng khng xy ra. ng nghim (3) sau mt thi gian ming ng nghim c kh mu nu , dung dch c mu xanh. c) phn ng chng minh. IV. HS vit tng trnh th nghim: ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... ........
Tit 57:
KIM TRA VIT 45 PHT LN 2
H v tn........................................................Lp 12A1 S GD & T QUNG NGI KIM TRA MN HA LP 12 BAN A TRNG THPT TRN QUANG DIU THI GIAN : 60 PHT Phieu tra li : So th t cau tra li di ay ng vi so th t cau trac nghiem trong e. oi vi moi cau trac nghiem, hoc sinh chon va to kn mot o tron tng ng vi phng an tra li ung.
01. { | } ~ 02. { | } ~ 03. { | } ~ 04. { | } ~ 05. { | } ~ 06. { | } ~ 07. { | } ~ 08. { | } ~ 09. { | } ~ 10. { | } ~ 11. { | } ~ 12. { | } ~ 13. { | } ~ 14. { | } ~ 15. { | } ~ 16. { | } ~ 17. { | } ~ 18. { | } ~ 19. { | } ~ 20. { | } ~ 21. { | } ~ 22. { | } ~ 23. { | } ~ 24. { | } ~ 25. { | } ~ 26. { | } ~ 27. { | } ~ 28. { | } ~ 29. { | } ~ 30. { | } ~ 31. { | } ~ 32. { | } ~ 33. { | } ~ 34. { | } ~ 35. { | } ~ 36. { | } ~ 37. { | } ~ 38. { | } ~ 39. { | } ~ 40. { | } ~
Cu 1: hin tng no xy ra khi a mt dy ng mnh, c un thnh l xo, nng vo l thu tinh ng y kh clo, y l cha mt lp nc mng ? A. dy ng khng chy B. dy ng chy to khi mu C. ng chy mnh, c khi mu nu, khi khi tan, lp nc y l thu tinh c mu xanh nht. D. ng chy mnh, c khi mu nu, lp nc sau p khng mu. Cu 2: dng 100 tn qung c cha Fe3O4 luyn gang (cha 95% Fe), cho bit rng hm lng Fe3O4 trong qung l 80%, hiu sut qu trnh l 93%. khi lng gang thu c l: A. 55,8 tn B. 56,712 tn C. 56,2 tn D. 60,9 tn Gio vin: 30
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao 3+ 2+ Cu 3: mun kh ion Fe trong dung dch thnh ion Fe , ta phi thm cht no sau y vo dung dch Fe3+ A. Zn B. Na C. Cu D. Ag Cu 4: kh 6,4 gam mt oxit kim loi cn 2,688 lit H2 (ktc). nu ly lng kim loi cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl th gii phng 1,792 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi l: A. Mg B. Al C. Fe D. Cr Cu 5: t chy hon ton 2 gam st bt trong khng kh thu c 2,762 gam mt oxit st duy nht. cng thc ca oxit st l: A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4 D. FexOy Cu 6: khng th iu ch Cu t CuSO4 bng cch: A. in phn nng chy mui B. in phn dung dch mui 2+ C. dng Fe kh ht Cu ra khi dung dh mui D. cho tc dng vi dd NaOH d, sau ly kt ta Cu(OH)2 em nhit phn ri kh CuO to ra bng C. Cu 7: nung x mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp gm 4 cht rn. hon tan hn hp cht rn ny vo dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 672ml kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca x l: A. 0,15 B. 0,21 C. 0,24 D. 0,12 Cu 8:in phn 250ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr, khi catot bt u c bt kh th ngng in phn, thy khi lng catot tng 4,8 gam. nng mol/lit ca dung dch CuSO 4 ban u l: A. 0,3M B. 0,35M C. 0,15M D. 0,45M Cu 9: thi mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng thu c 2,32 gam hn hp rn. ton b kh thot ra cho hp th ht vo dung dch cha Ca(OH)2 d th thu c 5 gam kt ta. m c gi tr l: A. 3,22g B. 3,12g C. 4,0g D. 4,2 g Cu 10: cho 19,2 g Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3, kh NO thu c em hp th vo nc cng dng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3. th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia qu trnh trn l: A. 2,24 lit B. 3,36 lit C. 4,48 lit D. 6,72 lit Cu 11: khi cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch cha FeCl3, CuSO4, AlCl3 thu c kt ta. nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c cht rn X. cht rn X gm: A. FeO, CuO, Al2O3 B. Fe2O3, CuO, BaSO4 C. Fe3O4, CuO, BaSO4 D. Fe2O3, CuO Cu 12: cho tan hon ton 58g hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dch HNO 3 2M thu c 0,15 mol NO; 0,05mol N2O v dung dch D. c cn dung dch D th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 120,4 g B. 89,8 g C. 116,9 g D. 90,3 g Cu 13: khi lng CuSO4.5H2O cn thm vo 300 gam dung dch CuSO4 10% thu c dung dch c nng CuSO4 25% l: A. 115,4g B. 121,3 g C. 60 g D. 40 g Cu 14: a) cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lit NO. b) cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thot ra V2 lit NO bit NO l sn phm kh uy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. quan h gia V1 v V2 l: A. V1=V2 B. V2=2V1 C. V2=2,5V1 D. V2=1,5V1 Cu 15: hn hp A gm Fe3O4, FeO, Fe2O3 mi oxit u c 0,5 mol. Th tch dung dch HCl 1M cn ho tan hn hp A l: Gio vin: 31
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao A. 4 lit B. 8 lit C. 6 lit C. 9 lit Cu 16/ Hp kim no sau y khng phi l ca Cu? a ng thau b ng thic c Contan tan d Electron 0 Cu 17/ St tc dng vi nc nhit cao hn 570 C th to ra sn phm: a FeO v H2 b Fe3O4 v H2 c Fe2O3 v H2 d Fe(OH)2 v H2 Cu 18/ Trong s cc cp kim loi sau y, cp no c tnh cht bn vng trong khng kh, nc, nh c lp mng oxt mng, rt bn vng bo v? a Al v Cr b Fe v Al c Mn v Al d Fe v Cr Cu 19/ ng thau l hp kim no sau y: a Cu Ni b Cu - Zn c Cu Fe d Cu- Cr Cu 20/ Kim loi no sau y dn in tt nht a Al b Ag c Au d Cu Cu 21/ Cho bit Cu ( z = 29). Trong cc cu hnh electron sau, cu hnh electron no l ca Cu? a 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 b 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9 2 2 6 2 6 1 10 c 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d d 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2 Cu 22/ Nc svayde c cng thc ho hc l: a Cu(NH3)4 b [Cu(NH3)2] (OH) c [Cu(NH3)4 ] (OH)2 d Cu(NH3)2. 2H2O Cu 23/ Cho 4 kim loi Al, Fe, Ag , Cu v 4 dung dch ZnSO4 , AgNO3, CuCl2, FeSO4 .Kim loi kh c c 4 dung dch mui l: a Ag b Cu c Al d Fe Cu 24/ Cht no sau y c gi l phn chua, dng nh trong nc? a Li2SO4 . Al2 (SO4)3 . 24 H2O b K2SO4 . Al2(SO4)3 . 24 H2O c Na2SO4 . Al2 (SO4)3 . 24 H2O d (NH4) 2SO4 . Al2(SO4)3 . 24 H2O Cu 25/ Trong dung dch Al2(SO4)3 long c cha 0,6 mol SO42- th trong dung dch c cha: a 1,8 mol Al2(SO4)3 b 0,2 mol Al2(SO4)3 c 0,8 mol Al3+ d 0,6 mol Al3+ Cu 26/ Ho tan hon ton 16,2 gam mt kim loi cha r ho tr , bng dung dch HNO 3 c 5,6 lit ( ktc) hn hp kh A nng 7,2 gam gm NO v N2 . Kim loi cho l: a Cr b Fe c Al d Zn Cu 27/ C cc dung dch AlCl3, NaCl, MgCl2, H2SO4 . Ch c dng thm mt thuc th , th c th dng thm thuc th no sau y nhn bit cc dung dch : a Dung dch Ba(OH)2 d b Dung dch qu tm c Dung dch BaCl2 d d Dung dch AgNO3 Cu 28/ Tch Ag ra khi hn hp Ag, Cu, Fe m vn gi nguyn khi lng Ag ban u ta dng dung dch no sau y: a AgNO3 b H2SO4 c nng c Fe2 (SO4)3 d FeSO4 Cu 29/ Ho tan 2 gam st oxit cn 26,07 ml dung dch HCl 10% ( d = 1,05 g/ml). Cng thc oxit st trn l: a Hn hp Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 b FeO c Fe2O3 d Fe3O4 CuCl2 + FeCl2 cho thy: Cu 30/ Phn ng : Cu + FeCl3 a Cu c th kh Fe3+ thnh Fe2 + b Cu kim loi c oxiho km hn st kim loi c Cu kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st kim loi Gio vin: 32
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao d Fe kim loi b Cu y ra khi dung dch mui Cu 31/ Cho mt mnh Ba kim loi d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3 . Trong dung dch c hin tng : a c bt kh, C kt ta b c bt kh, C kt ta v kt ta tan dn, n mt thi im no kt ta khng tan na. c C kt ta v hin tng tan dn kt ta d Al3+ b y ra khi dung dch mui Cu 32/ Hin tng g xy ra khi cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch mui K2Cr2O7 a T mu da cam sang khng mu b Khng thay i c Chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam d Chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng Cu 33/ Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra 6,84 gam mui sunfat. l kim loi no trong s sau: a Al b Fe c Ca d Mg Cu 34/ Trn 0,54 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp A. ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3 c hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c t l s mol tng ng l 1:3. Tnh th tch ( ktc) kh NO v NO2 ln lt l: a 6,72 lt v 2,24 lt b 0,672 lt v 0,224 lt c 0,224 lt v 0,672 lit d 2,24 lit v 6,72 lt Cu 35/ Mt tm kim loi bng vng b bm mt lp st b mt. Ta c th ra lp st loi tp cht trn b mt bng dung dch no sau y: a Dung dch FeSO4 d b Dung dch ZnSO4 d c Dung dch CuSO4 d d Dung dch FeCl3 d Cu 36/ Ngm mt l kim loi M c khi lng 50 gam trong dung dch HCl, sau khi thu c 336 ml kh H2( KTC). Th khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Tn kim loi M l: a Fe b Al c Cu d Cr Cu 37/ Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X cha 2 mui AlCl 3 v FeSO4 c kt ta A. Ly kt ta A em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. thnh phn cht rn B gm: a Al2O3 v Fe2O3 b FeO c Al2O3 v FeO d Fe2O3 Cu 38/ Cc kim loi Cu, Fe, Ag v cc dung dch HCl, CuSO4, FeCl2, FeCl3 s cp cht c phn ng vi nhau l: a 3 b 1 c 2 d 4 Cu 39/ Trn 5,4 gam Al vi 4,8 gam Fe2 O3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn ng ta thu c m (g) hn hp cht rn. Ga tr ca m l: a 4,08 gam b 0,224 gam c 10,2 gam d 2,24 gam Cu 40/ Ho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp mui khan FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 . Dung dch thu c phn ng hon ton vi 1,58 gam KMnO4 trong mi trng axit H2SO4. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 ban u l n l t l : a 76% v 24% b 67% v 33% c 24% v 76% d 33% v 67%
Tit 58,59 :
Chng VII: PHAN TCH HOA HOC Muc tieu cua chng: 1. Kien thc: Biet: - Nguyen tac cua phan tch nh tnh va phan tch nh lng. Gio vin: 33
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - Cach s dung cac loai thuoc th e xac nh nh tnh mot so cation va anion va mot so hp chat hu c. - Cach s dung phng phap phan tch nh lng. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang van dung kien thc ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua cac chat trong qua trnh phan tch nh tnh va nh lng. - Ren luyen k nang quan sat, nhan biet cac hien tng. - Ren luyen k nang van dung cac hoa chat, dung cu th nghiem ac trng cua hoa phan tch nh cac loai thuoc th, buret, pipet, ong ong, can. . . . 3. Thai o: - Giao duc c tnh t m, chch xac, trung thc. - Biet gi gn va s dung hoa chat hp l, tiet kiem. - Co y thc bao ve moi trng. Bai 40:
PHAN TCH NH TNH MOT SO ION VO C TRONG DUNG DCH
A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC: 1. Ve kien thc: - Hieu cach s dung mot so thuoc th phan tch. - Hieu c cach nhan biet mot so cation va anion vo c n gian trong dung dch. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. - Ren luyen k nang quan sat, nhan xet cac hien tng hoa hoc. B. CHUAN B: 1. Giao vien: - Hoa chat, dung cu th nghiem: * Dung dch cac muoi: NaCl, KCl, BaCl2, NH4Cl, CrCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)2, MgSO4, CuSO4 * Dung dch thuoc th phan tch : NaOH, K2Cr2O7, KSCN, NH3, Na2HPO4, H2SO4 loang. * Manh ong kim loai. - S o phan tch mot so nhom ion. - Ong nghiem , gia ong nghiem, kep go. 2. Hoc sinh: - On lai tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot so chat co lien quan en bai hoc: cac hp chat cua nhom, muoi amoni, hp chat sat (II), sat (III), hp chat crom (III) . . . - Cach viet va y ngha cua phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc dang ion rut gon. C. CAC HOAT ONG DAY HOC: 1. On nh trat t: Gio vin: 34
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao 2. vao bai mi: I. NHAN BIET CAC CATION KIM LOAI KIEM Na+ , K+, NH4+ Hoat ong 1: GV: at cau hoi: Da vao tnh chat nao e nhan biet cac cation kim loai kiem va amoni. Dung cu va cac thuoc th dung e nhan biet cac cation nay la g? GV: Co the cung cap them thong tin hoac gi y e hoc sinh nh lai cac ac iem ve tnh chat cua cac ion nay. Ket luan: - Nhan biet cation kim loai kiem (Na+ , K+ ) bang cach th mau ngon la - Thuoc th dung e nhan biet ion NH4+ la dung dch kiem. II. NHAN BIET CAC CATION Ca2+, Ba2+ Hoat ong 2: GV: Yeu cau hoc sinh da vao SGK tra li cau hoi: co the dung thuoc th g e nhan biet cac ion Ca2+, Ba2+ ? neu trong dung dch Ba2+ co lan ion Ca2+ th nhan biet ion Ba2+ bang cach nao? Tai sao can phai tach ion Ba2+ va Pb2+ trc khi nhan biet ion Ca2+ ? GV: Can nhan manh cac ac iem : ion Ca2+ khong can tr viec nhan biet ion Ba2+ neu tao moi trng axit axetic cho dung dch nhan biet. V khi o ket tua BaCrO4 mau vang ti khong tan, con ket tua CaCrO4 lai tan ra. Neu trong dung dch can nhan biet ion Ca2+ co cha ong thi ion Ba2+ va ion Pb2+ th trc het can phai tach ion nay ra khoi dung dch v cac ion nay cung tao thanh ket tua vi thuoc th amoni oxalat kho tan trong axit axetc loang. III. CACH NHAN BIET CAC CATION Al3+ VA ION Cr3+ Hoat ong 3: GV: Neu van e: Hai ion Al3+ va Cr3+ co tnh chat hoa hoc g giong va khac nhau? Thuoc th cua nhom cac ion nay la g? Bang phng phap hoa hoc, phan biet 2 ion nay bang cach nao? Viet cac PTHH dung e nhan biet di dang ion rut gon. GV: gi y hoc sinh nh lai tnh chat hoa hoc cua 2 ion Al 3+, Cr3+ a c hoc e hoc sinh hieu c Tai sao thuoc th nhom cua cac ion nay la dung dch kiem. Gio vin: 35
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao Tai sao khi cho chat oxihoa H2O2 vao dung dch th ch co hp chat cua crom b bien oi ma hp chat nhom khong b bien oi? GV: Can noi ro cho hoc sinh thay: Dung dch muoi nhom khong co mau, con dung dch muoi crom (III) co mau xanh tm. Neu 2 dung dch muoi nay ng trong 2 ong nghiem rieng biet th ch can da vao mau sac cung co the phan biet c. Neu dung dch nhan biet cha ong thi 2 ion Al3+, Cr3+ co lan cac tap chat la cac ion Fe3+ , Mn2+ th phai oxihoa ion [Cr(OH)4]- thanh ion CrO42_ e tranh kha nang mat ion [Cr(OH)4]- do ket tua cac ion Fe3+ , Mn2+ . Nhan biet c ion Cr3+ thong qua ion [Cr(OH)4]- co mau vang. Con ion Cr3+ co mau xanh tm. Neu cho dung dch muoi amoni d vao dung dch cha ion cromat mau vang va ion aluminat khong mau se thay ket tua keo nhom hiroxit mau trang xuat hien. IV. NHAN BIET CAC CATION Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ : Hoat ong 4: GV: Neu cau hoi: Cac ion Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ co nhng tnh chat g giong va khac nhau? Thuoc th nhom cua nhom cac ion nay lag? Bang cach nao co the phan biet c cac ion nay? Viet PTHH a dung di dang ion rut gon Cac ion Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ kha quen vi hoc sinh. HS hieu c phng phap nhan biet va cac thuoc th can dung nh SGK a trnh bay GV: Can nhac hoc sinh lu y : - Dung dch cac ion tren eu co mau: Dung dch cua Fe3+ co mau o nau. Dung dch cua Fe2+ co mau xanh rat nhat Dung dch cua Cu2+ co mau xanh da tri Dung dch cua Mg2+ khong mau V vay cac dung dch muoi nay ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet th ch can da vao mau sac cung co the nhan biet c. - Ket tua Mg(OH)2 khac vi cac ket tua cua hiroxt con lai cho no co the tan c trong dung dch muoi amoni. Thuoc th ac trng cua ion Mg2+ la dung dch Na2HPO4. - Cac ion Fe2+, Fe3+ , Cu2+, Mg2+ eu co thuoc th ac trng nen nhan biet c rat de dang. V. NHAN BIET MOT SO ANION NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32Hoat ong 5: HS: Tra li cau hoi: Gio vin: 36
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua cac anion NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- la g? Thuoc th dung e nhan biet cac onion NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- la g? Thuoc th nhom cua cac halogenua la g?da vao ac iem g e phan biet cac ion Cl- vi cac halogenua con lai. Viet cac PTHH cua cac phan ng a dung e nhan biet di dang ion rut gon. GV: Can nhac cho hoc sinh nh lai rang: S co mat cua nhieu ion trong dung dch phu thuoc vao s co mat cua cac ion khac. Chang han, dung dch a cha ion NH4+ th khong the co d ion OH- ; trong moi trng axit cac ion HCO3-, CO32-, SO32_ khong the ton tai. a so cac anion ton tai trong dung dch cung vi cac cation kim loai kiem, amoni trong moi trng axit. Hoat ong 6: GV: s dung bai tap 1,2,4 SGK e cung co kien thc trong tam cua tiet 1. Hoat ong 7: GV: Thc hien mot so th nghiem khong co ieu kien cho hoc sinh lam nh th mau ngon la e nhan biet ion Na+, K+ . GV: Cach tien hanh nh SGK HS: Quan sat va cho nhan xet. Hoat ong 8: GV: Chuan b cac mau can phan tch, giao noi dung th nghiem va dung cu hoa chat cho tng nhom hoc sinh. Nen co 2 nhom hoc sinh co cung noi dung th nghiem e so sanh ket qua. Cho cac nhom hoc sinh tien hanh phan tch. GV: Co the chuan b cac mau phan tch nh sau: Mau 1: Nhan biet cac ion NH4+, Ca2+, Ba2+ ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet Mau 2: Nhan biet cac ion Al3+, Cr3+, Mg2+ ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet Mau 3: Nhan biet cac ion Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+ ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet Mau 4: Nhan biet cac ion NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- ng trong cac ong nghiem rieng biet - Nhom trng cua tng nhom len nhan noi dung th nghiem va hoa chat. Hoat ong 9: - Da vao SGK va kien thc a c trao oi tiet hoc th nhat, tng nhom len ke hoach lam th nghiem . - GV: kiem tra ke hoach cua tng nhom - c s ong y cua GV, HS bat au lam th nghiem Hoat ong 10: Gio vin: 37
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - Lan lt tng nhom HS bao cao trc lp ket qua thu c - Cac nhom khac co the neu cau hoi thac mac hoac bo sung y kien - GV ghi nhan xet va ket luan.
Tit 60: Bi 43: BI THC HNH S 7 (Nhn bit mt s ion v c) I. mc tiu: 1. da trn kin thc ho hc v c hc, gip HS nhn bit cc ion NH 4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, CO32-, NO3-. 2. tip tc rn luyn k nng tin hnh th nghim. II. Chun b ha cht v dng c: 1. Dng c th nghim: ng nghim, cp ng nghim, gi ng nghim, ng ht nh git, n cn, b gi th nghim ci tin. 2. Ho cht: cc dung dch: (NH4)2CO3, Na2CO3, HCl, NaOH, giy qu tm, dung dch: FeCl3, FeCl2, KSCN, CuSO4, NH3, KNO3, Cu, H2SO4 long. III. T chc cc hot ng thc hnh: GV chia hc sinh thnh nhiu nhm thc hnh, mi nhm t 5-7 hc sinh tin hnh th nghm. Th nghim 1: Nhn bit ion NH4+ v CO32-. a) cch tin hnh th nghim: - nh khong 5 git dd (NH4)2CO3 vo ng nghim 1 cha 10 git dung dch HCl. - nh 5 git dung dch (NH4)2CO3 vo ng nghim 2 cha 14 git dung dch NaOH. - nh 5 git dung dch Na2CO3 vo ng nghim 3 cha 14 git dung dch NaOH. - un nng nh 2 ng nghim, trn mi ng nghim mt mu giy qu tm m. quan st v nhn xt cc hin tng xy ra. b) Quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. Trong ng nghim 1 c cc bt kh CO2 thot ra. Ptp: CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O Khi un nng nh cc ng nghim (2) v (3), mu giy qu tm trn ng nghim 2 chuyn sang mu xanh do c kh NH3 bay ln. Ptp: 2 NH4+ + 2 OH- 2 NH3 + 2 H2O Trong ng nghim 3 khng c phn ng ha hc xy ra. Kt lun: Mun nhn bit 2 dung dch mui cacbonat trn, ta cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d v un nng nh, sau nhn bit dd cha (NH4)2CO3 bng kh bay ln lm xanh qu tm m. Th nghim 2: Nhn bit cc ion Fe3+, Fe2+. a) Tin hnh th nghim: - nh 2 git dung dch KSCN vo ng nghim 1 cha dung dch FeCl3. - nh 10 git dung dch NaOH vo ng nghim 2 cha dung dch FeCl3. - nh 10 git dung dch NaOH vo ng nghim 3 cha dung dch FeCl2. kt ta xut hin, yn mt lc, quan st hin tng xy ra. b) Quan st hin tng v gii thch: Trong ng nghm (1) xut hin mu mu: Fe3+ + 3 SCN- Fe(SCN)3 Gio vin: 38
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao Trong ng nghim (2) xut hin kt ta Fe(OH)3 mu nu : Fe3+ + 3 OH- Fe(OH)3 Trong ng nghim (3) lc u xut hin kt ta mu trng hi xanh, sau chuyn thnh mu nu nu trong khng kh. Th nghim 3: Nhn bit cation Cu2+ a) Tin hnh th nghim: - nh t t 10 git dung dch NH3 long vo ng nghim cha 6 git dung dch CuSO4 - nh tip vo ng nghim vi git dung dch NH3 ri lc cho n khi kt ta tan ht. b) Hin tng xy ra v gii thch. - lc u trong ng nghim xut hin kt ta mu xanh lc . CuSO4 + 2 NH3 + 2 H2O Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 - cho tip dung dch NH3 vo ng nghim ri lc, kt ta tan ht v to dung dch c mu xanh lam m. Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4 ](OH)2 Th nghim 4: Nhn bit anion NO3IV. Hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim. Tit 61 Bi: NHN BIT MT S HP CHT HU C I. Mc tiu ca bi hc: 1. v kin thc: - Hiu c cch s dng mt s thuc th c trng nhn bit mt s hp cht hu c. - Hiu c cch nhn bit mt s hp cht hu c quan trng. 2. V k nng - rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh phn ng ha hc ca p hu c - Rn luyn k nng quan st, nhn xt cc hin tng ha hc. II. chun b: 1. dng c: ng nghim, gi ng nghim, kp g, n cn. 2. Ho cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, anehit fomic, axit axetic, dd glucozo, TB, Na, Cu(OH)2, AgNO3, NH3, NaOH, I2, Br2. III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc:
Gio vin:
39
Gio n ha hc 12 NI DUNG BI HC I. Nhn bit mt s ancol, AH, axit cacboxylic, glucozo v tinh bt: 1. Nhn bit ancol v glixerol: - ancol p vi Na gii phng kh H2 2 ROH + 2 Na 2 RONa + H2 - Ancol bc nht oxh bi oxi khnh kh, xc tc Cu to AH, nhn bit AH sinh ra bng p trng bc ancol. - Nhn bit ancol etylic bng p Iodofom CH3-CH2-OH + 4I2 + 6 NaOH HCOONa + 5 NaI+ 5 H2O + CHI3vng sng - Nhn bit glixerol bng Cu(OH)2 to ra phc mu xanh lam. 2. Nhn bit cc anehit: - phn ng ca AH vi thuc th Sip l p c trng. RCHO + tt Sip SP c mu hng. - Dng phn ng trng bc hoc p vi Cu(OH)2/OH-. RCHO + 2 [Ag(NH3)2]OH RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 3 NH3 + H2O. RCHO + 2 Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + 3 H2O + Cu2O gch - Nhn bit CH3CHO bng phn ng Iodofom. 3. Nhn bit axit cacboxylic: - Nhn bit chung: qu tm ha ; p vi Na2CO3 gii phng kh CO2; p vi ancol to este khng tan trong nc. 2 RCOOH + Na2CO3 2 RCOONa + CO2+ H2O RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O - Axit fomic v mui ca n c cha nhm -CHO nn c th dng p trng bc nhn bit. - mui ca CH3COOH + FeCl3 to phc c mu . 4. Nhn bit glucoz: - dng p trng bc - p vi dung dch brm - p vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng hoc un nng. 5. Nhn bit tinh bt: dd iod II. Nhn bit mt s l ha cht mt nhn: Gio vin: Bi tp 1,2/sgk
Chng trnh nng cao HOT NG CA GV V HS HOT NG 1 Hi: Hy nhc li nhng tnh cht ha hc c trng ca ancol ? Glixerol v ancol n chc c nhng tnh cht ha hc g ging v khc nhau, t c th dng thuc th no nhn bit v phn bit ancol n chc v a chc ? GV: lm th nghim
HS: c sgk v cho bit cch nhn bit ring ancol etylic. HOT NG 2 Hi: Hy nghin cu sgk v cho bit cch nhn bit chung cc AH l g ?
HS: Nu tnh cht ha hc c trng ca anehit ? v vit mt s p ca AH vi AgNO3/NH3, Cu(OH)2/NaOH,to.
HOT NG 3 GV: C hin tng g xy ra khi cho axit CH3COOH v dung dch Na2CO3 ? qu tm...T cho bit cch nhn bit chung cc axit cacboxylic. HS: vit cc p xy ra. Hi: axit fomic c tnh cht ha hc no khc vi nhng axit khc ? cch nhn bit.
HOT NG 4 HS: vit CTCT ca glucoz. Hi: nhn bit glucozo c th dung nhng thuc th no ? hy vit cc p xy ra .
HS: nhn bit cc l ha cht mt nhn. 40
Gio n ha hc 12 Tit 62: Tit 63,64: Bi:
Chng trnh nng cao
BI THC HNH S 8 ( Nhn bit mt s hp cht hu c)
PHN TCH NH LNG HA HC
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Bit bn cht v c im ca phn ng nh lng ha hc. - Bit nh lng ha hc bng phng php khi lng v phng php th tch. 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng la chn p thch hp cho php phn tch. - Vn dng kin thc phn tch nh tnh trong phn tch nh lng - Vn dng kin thc gii bi tp c lin quan. II. Chun b ca gio vin: 1. Dng c: buret, pipet, bnh tam gic, ... 2. phu, cc hng, nc sch. III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng 1: Cc phng php phn tch nh lng: Hc sinh nghin cu sgk v tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. c my phng php phn tch nh lng ? 2. c im ca phng php phn tch ha hc, phng php phn tch vt l v ha l l g ? Chng ging nhau, khc nhau nh th no ? 3. Cho bit u nhc im ca mi phng php ? GV: Tm tt cc kin ca hc sinh: Kt lun: C 2 nhm phng php phn tch nh lng: phng php ha hc v phng php cng c Phng php ha hc da vo cc p ho hc v dng nhng dng c, thit b n gin xc nh lng cht khng qu nh. Phng php vt l v ha l ( p2 cng c) thng dng my mc, thit b phc tp xc nh nhng lng nh v lng rt nh cc cht. C s ca phng php phn tch ha hc v phng php cng c u l nhng phn ng ha hc dng trong phn tch.
I. Phn tch khi lng v phn tch th tch: Hot ng 2: Phn tch khi lng: Hc sinh nghin cu sgk v cho bit: 1. iu kin mt phn ng ha hc c dng phn tch khi lng l g ? 2. Dng c quan trng nht trong phn tch khi lng l g ? GV: yu cu HS c 2 v d trong sgk v cho bit: Nhng d , dng kt ta l cht no ? Dng cn l lng l 3. Trong 2 vphn ng ha hc dng trong phn tch khi cht no ?nhng p to kt ta v xy ra hon dng 4. Phn bit dng kt ta v ton. cn ? Nhng cht c cn phi c thnh phn ha hc xc nh v c tinh Kt lun: khit cao. Dng cn l dng c thnh phn xc nh, ng vi cng thc ha hc ca n. Dng kt ta phi m bo c kch thc ht ln, d lc, v khi nung chuyn hon ton thnh dng cn. Gio vin: 41
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao
Hot dng 3: Nguyn tc chung ca phn tch th tch: GV yu cu hc sinh nghin cu sgk v cho bit: 1. Dung dch chun l g ? 2. im tng ng l g ? 3. Cht ch th dng lm g ? 4. im cui l g ? Ti sao cn xc nh chnh xc im cui ? GV xc nhn kin ca hc sinh v kt lun: Kt lun: Dung dch chun l thuc th bit chnh xc nng , da vo xc nh c nng dung dch cht cn chun . im tng ng l thi im cht cn chun tc dng va ht vi dung dch chun. Cht ch th cho php xc nh im tng ng. im cui l thi im kt thc s chun . Da vo im cui s bit c th tch dung dch chun p, t tnh c nng cc cht cn chun.
B. Phng php chun trung ho v chun oxi ha kh: Hot ng 4: Phng php chun trung ha: Hc sinh c sgk v tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. Nguyn tc ca phng php chun trung ha l g ? (chun axit-baz). Ly v d minh ho. 2. Bn cht ca p chun trung ho l g ? 3. pH ca dung dch thu c trong mi trng hp c nh nhau khng ? Gii thch v ly v d minh ho. Kt lun: 1. Nguyn tc ca phng php chun trung ho (chun axit-baz) l dng dung dch chun l dung dch axit mnh hoc baz mnh chun baz hoc axit khc. 2. Bn cht ca chun trung ha l p axit-baz, pH ca dung dch thu c thay i lin tc trong qu trnh chun , ph thuc vo bn cht ca axit hoc baz cn chun v nng ca chng.
Gio vin:
42
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao
Hot ng 5: Chun oxi ha kh. Phng php pemanganat. Hc sinh nghin cu sgk v tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. Phng php pemanganat c dng xc nh nng cc cht trong nhng trng hp no ? Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho. 2. Hy m t qu trnh chun xc nh nng ion Fe2+ trong dung dch bng phng php pemanganat ? Kt lun:
Phng php chun oxi ha kh da trn phn ng oxi ha kh gia dung dch chun v dung dch cht cn chun. Phng php pemanganat c dng trong trng hp cn xc nh nng ca cht kh, trong mi trng axit. Cn c vo s thay i mu ca ion MnO4- t mu tm sang khng mu kt thc qu trnh chun .
Hot ng 6: Dng bi tp s 4/sgk cng c kin thc trng tm ca bi Tit 66 Chng 8: HA HC V VN KINH T X HI MI TRNG Bi 46:
HA HC V NHNG VN PHT TRIN KINH T

I. Mc tiu ca bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Bit nhng vn t ra cho nhn loi: Ngun nng lng b cn kit, khan him nhin liu, cn nhng vt liu mi p ng yu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi. - Bit c ha hc s gp phn gii quyt nhng vn , nh to ra ngun nng lng mi, nhng vt liu mi... 2. K nng: - c v tm tt thng tin bi hc. - Vn dng kin thc hc trong chng trnh ph thng minh hc - Tm thng tin t cc phng tin khc hoc t thc tin cuc sng. II. Chun b: 1. Tranh ng t liu c lin quan nh ngun nng lng cn kit, khan him.. 2. Mt s thng tin, t liu cp nht nh: nh my in nguyn t, t s dng nhin liu hidro, vt liu nano, cmpozit... 3. a hnh c ni dung v mt s qu trnh sn xut ha hc. III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc Hot ng 1: Vn nng lng v nhin liu: GV yu cu hc sinh c nhng thng tin trong bi, s dng kin thc c...tho lun v tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. Nng lng v nhin liu c vai tr nh th no i vi s pht trin ni chung v s pht trin kinh t ni ring ? Gio vin: 43
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao 2. Vn nng lng v nhin liu ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l g ? 3. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu nh th no trong hin ti v tng lai ? Kt lun:
Nhn loi ang gii quyt vn thiu nng lng v khan him nhin liu do tiu th qu nhiu. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn ny l: Sn xut v s dng ngun nguyn liu nhn to thay th cho ngun nguyn liu thin nhin nh than, du m.. S dng cc ngun nng lng mi mt cch khoa hc.
Hot ng 2: Vn nguyn liu cho cng nghip: HS nghin cu sgk , c cc thng tin b sung s dng kin thc c, tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. Vn nguyn liu ang t ra cho cc ngnh kinh t l g ? 2. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ? HS tho lun thy c ngun nguyn liu ha hc ang c s dng cho cng nghip hin nay l : - Qung, khong sn v cc cht c sn trong v Tri t. - Khng kh v nc. l ngun nguyn liu rt phong ph trong t nhin v c s dng rng ri trong nhiu nhnh cng nghip ha hc. - Ngun nguyn liu thc vt. - Du m, kh, than l ngun nguyn liu cho cng nghip tng hp cht do, t si tng hp, cao su.... Kt lun: Nhn loi ang gp phi vn : Ngun nguyn liu t nhin ang s dng ngy cng cn kit. ha hc gp phn: s dng hp l c hiu qu ngun nguyn liu ch yu cho cng nghip ha hc. s dng li cc vt liu ph thi l hng tn dng nguyn liu cho cng nghip ha hc.
Hot ng 3: Vn vt liu: GV: a ra cc cu hi tho lun nh sau: 1. Vn ang t ra v vt liu cho cc ngnh kinh t l g ? 2. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ? Hot ng 4: Hng gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu cho tng lai: HS quan st gii quyt vn khan him nng lng vtho lun ngun nguyn liu, hnh nh v c nhng thng tin trong bi hc, cn kit v a ra nhng kin . GV: Hng dn3HS tho lun, hon bn sau y: lun. c phng hng c chnh v kt Tm cch s dng mt cch c hiu qu ngun nng lng v nhin liu hin c. Sn xut v s dng ngun nng lng v nhin liu nhn to... Gio vin: 44 S dng cc ngun nng lng mi.
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao
Tit 67 Bi 47:
HA HC V CC VN X HI
I. Mc tiu ca bi hc: 1. Kin thc: Hc sinh hiu c ha hc gp phn p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng v lng thc, thc phm, may mc, thuc cha bnh v tng cng th lc cho con ngi, c th nh: - Sn xut c phn bn, thuc bo v v pht trin cy trng... - Sn xut t si tng hp to ra vi, len... - Sn xut ra cc loi thuc cha bnh, thuc b v thuc chng gy nghin,.... 2. K nng: - Phn tch c mt vn ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay v lng thc, thc phm, may mc, sc kho. - Nu c hng gii quyt v v d c th v ng gp ca ha hc vi tng lnh vc nu trn. II. Chun b: 1. Tranh nh, hnh v, cc nh my sn xut phn bn, thuc cha bnh... 2. S liu thng k thc t v lng thc, dc phm... III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng 1: Ha hc v vn lng thc, thc phm. Tm hiu mt s vn ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay v lng thc, thc phm. GV yu cu HS tr li mt s cu hi. Vn v lng thc thc phm ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l g ? L do ti sao ? Kt lun: Do s bng n dn s v nhu cu ca con ngi ngy cng cao, do vn t ra i vi lng thc, thc phm l: Khng nhng cn tng v s lng m cn tng v cht lng. GV hi: Ha hc gp phn gp phn gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n lng thc, thc phm nh th no ? HS: tho lun cc ni dung: ng dng ca cc cht hc ,c bit l cabohidrat, cht bo, protein....v kin thc thc tin tho lun....v rt ra kt lun. Kt lun: Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lng v cht lng v lng thc, thc phm. Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v v pht trin ng thc vt nh: phn bn, thuc tr su, dit c, kch thch sinh trng.... Bng phng php ha hc, tng cng ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo cng ngh ha hc to ra sn phm c cht lng cao hn. Hot ng 2: Ha hc v vn may mc: Hc sinh tm hiu vn may mc v ang t ra cho nhn loi v vai tr ca ha hc trong vic gii quyt cc vn trn nh th no ? - Nu con ngi ch da vo t si thin nhin nh bng, ay, gai,...th khng . - Ngy nay vic sn xut ra t, si ha hc p ng c nhu cu may mc cho nhn loi. Gio vin: 45
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao - So vi t t nhin ( si bng, si gai, t tm), t ha hc nh t visco, t axetat, t nilon, ....c nhiu u im ni bt: dai, n hi, mm mi, nh, xp, p v r tin. - Cc loi t si ha hc c sn xut bng phng php cng nghip nn d p ng c nhu cu v s lng , cht lng v m thut. Hot ng 3: Ha hc v sc kho con ngi: Hc sinh c thng tin trong bi hc, vn dng kin thc thc tin v cc thng tin b sung v cc loi thuc v tm hiu thnh phn ha hc chnh ca mt s loi thuc thng dng. Nu mt s bnh him ngho cn phi c thuc c tr mi c th cha c.... T cho bit vn v ang t ra i vi ngnh dc phm v ng gp ca ha hc gip gii quyt vn nh th no ? Kt lun: - Nhiu loi bnh khng th ch dng cc loi cy c t nhin trc tip cha tr. - Ngnh Ha dc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc tn dc c nhiu u th: s dng n gin , khi bnh nhanh, hiu qu c bit i vi mt s bnh do virut v mt s bnh him ngho... Hc sinh tm hiu mt s cht gy nghin , ma tu v c thi phng chng tch cc. Tm hiu sch gio khoa v tr li cc cu hi: 1. Ma ty l g ? 2. Vn hin nay ang t ra i vi vn maty l g ? 3. Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th no ? nhim v ca ha hc ? Hot ng 4: Cng c v nh gi. Cc bi tp 1,2,3/sgk Tit 68: Bi 48: HA HC V VN MI TRNG I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Hu nh hng ca ha hc i vi mi trng sng ( kh quyn, nc, t) - Bit v vn dng mt s bin php bo v mi trng trong cuc sng hng ngy. 2. K nng: - Bit pht hin mt s vn thc t v mi trng. - Bit gii quyt vn bng nhng thng tin thu thp c t ni dung bi hc, t cc kin thc bit, qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng,... II. Chun b: T liu, tranh nh, bng a v nhim mi trng, mt s bin php bo v mi trng sng Vit Nam v trn th gii. III. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng 1: nhim mi trng khng kh: GV yu cu hc sinh: 1. Nu mt s hin tng nhim khng kh m em bit ? 2. a ra nhn xt v khng kh sch v khng kh b nhim v tc hi ca n ? GV: Vy ngun no gy nhim khng kh ? 3. Nhng cht ha hc no thng c trong khng kh b nhim v gy nh hng ti i sng ca sinh vt nh th no ? HS: Tho lun nhm, tho lun ton lp v rt ra kt lun. Hot ng 2: nhim mi trng nc: HS: c ti liu , t cc thng tin khc, tr li cc cu hi: 1. Nu mt s hin tng nhim ngun nc ? Gio vin: 46
Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao 2. a ra nhn xt v nc sch, nc b nhim v tc hi ca n . 3. Ngun gy nhim nc do u m c ? 4. Nhng cht ha hc no thng c trong ngun nc b nhim v gy nh hng nh th no n con ngi v sinh vt khc ? Hot ng 3: nhim mi trng t: HS tho lun vi cu hi tng t nh trn. Hot ng 4: Nhn bit mi trng b nhim. GV: t vn : Bng cch no c th xc nh c mi trng b nhim ? HS : suy ngh, c nhng thng tin trong bi hc tr li cu hi v nu phng php xc nh . Mt s cch nhn bit mi trng b nhim: Quan st mu sc, mi. Dng mt s ha cht xc nh cc ion gy nhim bng phng php phn tch ha hc. Dng cc dng c o nh: nhit k, sc k, my o pH, ... xc nh nhit , cc ion v pH ca t, nc...
Hot ng 5: X l cht nhim nh th no ? GV: Nu tnh hung c th v yu cu hc sinh a ra phng php gii quyt. HS: c thm thng tin trong sch gio khoa, quan st hnh v th d v x l cht thi, kh thi trong cng nghip. Tin hnh tho lun nhm, phn tch tc dng ca mi cng an v rt ra nhn xt chung v mt s bin php c th trong sn xut, i sng v: - X l kh thi. - X l cht thi rn. - X l nc thi. Kt lun: x l cht thi theo phng php ha hc, cn cn c vo tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ha hc ca mi loi cht thi chn phng php cho ph hp.
Tit 69,70: N TP HC K V THI HC K 2 H v tn........................................................Lp 12A

S GD & T QUNG NGI KIM TRA HC K 2 MN HA LP 12 BAN A TRNG THPT TRN QUANG DIU THI GIAN : 45 PHT Cu 1 : Nhng l st nng 8 gam vo 500 ml dung dch CuSO 4 2M .Sau mt thi gian ly l st ra cn li thy khi lng ca n bng 8,8 gam .Xem th tch dung dch khng i th nng CuSO4 sau phn ng bng bao nhiu ? A. 0,9 M B. 1,8 M C. 1 M D. 1,5 M
Gio vin:
47
Gio n ha hc 12
Chng trnh nng cao
Cu 2 :Mt hn hp X (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2) tch Fe2O3 ra khi hn hp X ,ta cn khuy X vo dung dch ly d A . H2SO4 B. HCI C. NaOH D. NaCl Cu 3 : C 5 mu kim loi: Ba, Mg, Fe, Ag, Al. Nu ch dng dung dch H2SO4 long c th nhn bit c nhng kim loi no ? A. Ba, Al, Ag B. Ag, Fe, Al C. Ag, Ba D. c 5 kim loi Cu 4: Ho tan hn hp gm: a mol Na2O v b mol Al2O3 vo nc th ch thu c dung dch cha cht tan duy nht. khng nh no ng ? A. a b B. a = 2b C. a=b D. a b Cu 5: Hm lng oxi trong mt oxit st FexOy khng ln hn 25%. Oxit st ny c th l: A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4 D. khng xc nh c Cu 6: Hn hp X gm Zn v CuO. X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH sinh ra 4,48 lit kh H 2 (ktc). ho tan ht X cn 400ml dung dch HCl 2M. khi lng X bng: A. 21 gam B. 62,5 gam C. 34,5 gam D. 29 gam Cu 7: St khng tc dng vi cht no sau y ? A. dung dch HCl long B. dung dch H2SO4 c nng C. dung dch CuSO4 D. dung dch Al(NO3)3 Cu 8: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ? A. ion Ag+ c th b oxi ho thnh Ag B. nguyn t Mg c th kh c ion Sn2+ 2+ C. ion Cu c th oxi ha c nguyn t Al D. CO khng th kh MgO thnh Mg Cu 9: Nhm m cc kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 l: A. Ba, Mg, Hg B. Na, Al, Fe, Ba C. Al, Fe, Mg, Ag D. Na, Al, Cu Cu 10: cho s sau: Al A Al(OH)3 B Al(OH)3 C Al. cc k t A, B, C ln lt l: A. NaAlO2, AlCl3, Al2O3 B. Al2O3, AlCl3, Al2S3 C. KAlO2, Al2(SO4)3, Al2O3 D. A v C ng Cu 11: Trong cc phng php iu ch kim loi sau, phng php no khng ng ? A. iu ch nhm bng cch in phn nng chy Al2O3 B. iu ch Ag bng phn ng gia dung dch AgNO3 vi Zn C. iu ch Cu bng phn ng gia CuO vi CO nhit cao D. iu ch Ca bng cch in phn dung dch CaCl2 Cu 12: Ha tan ht 0,5 gam hn hp gm: Fe v kim loi ha tr 2 bng dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 1,12 lit kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi ha tr 2 dng l: A. Ni B. Zn C. Mg D. Be Cu 13: Ha tan 8 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M ( ha tr 2, ng trc H 2 trong dy in ha) vo dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lit H2 (ktc). Mt khc ha tan 4,8 gam kim loi M th dng cha n 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi M l: A. Zn B. Mg C. Ca D. Ba Cu 14: Mt vt bng hp kim Cu-Zn c nhng trong dung dch H2SO4 long, hin tng xy ra l: A. Zn b n mn, c kh H2 that ra. B. Zn b n mn, c kh SO2 thot ra. C. Cu b n mn, c kh H2 thot ra D. Cu b n mn, c kh SO2 thot ra. Cu 15: Mt dung dch cha a mol NaAlO2 tc dng vi mt dung dch cha b mol HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta Al(OH)3 sau phn ng l: A. a=2b B. b<4a C. a=b . b<5a Cu 16: Cho 2 cp oxi ha kh: Xx+/X ng trc cp Yy+/Y trong dy in ha. Pht biu no sau y khng dng ? A. tnh oxi ha ca Yy+ mnh hn Xx+ B. X c th oxi ho c Yy+ng trc cp Yy+/Y C. Yy+ c th oxi ha c X D. tnh kh ca X mnh hn Y Cu 17: Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch hn hp gm AlCl 3 v FeSO4, thu c kt ta A. Nung A trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn B. cho H 2 d qua B nung nng , phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn C. C c cha: A. Al v Fe B. Al2O3 v Fe C. Al, Al2O3, Fe v FeO D. Fe Cu 18: Phn ng no sau y thu c Al(OH)3 ? A. dung dch AlO2- + dung dch HCl B. dung dch AlO2- + dung dch Al3+ C. dung dch AlO2 + CO2/H2O D. c A, B, C Cu 19: kt ta hon ton Al(OH)3 c th dng cch no sau y ? A. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d. B. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d
Gio vin:
48
Gio n ha hc 12 C. Cho dung dch NaAlO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. D. Cho dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d.
Chng trnh nng cao
Cu 20: C 3 dung dch: NaOH, HCl, H2SO4. thuc th duy nht phn bit 3 dung dch trn l: A. Al B. CaCO3 C. Na2CO3 D. qu tm Cu 21: Khi in phn nng chy Al2O3 sn xut Al, ngi ta thm criolit (Na3AlF6) vo Al2O3 vi mc ch A. to lp mng bo v cho nhm lng B. tng tnh dn in ca cht in phn C. gim nhit nng chy ca cht in phn D. c A, B, C u ng Cu 22: in phn dung dch FeCl2 , sn phm thu c l: A. Fe, O2, HCl B. H2, O2, Fe(OH)2 C. Fe, Cl2 D. H2, Fe, HCl Cu 23: Cho dung dch cha cc ion: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, H+, Cl-+. mun loi c nhiu cation nht ra khi dung dch trn th nn dng ha cht no sau y ? A. dung dch NaOH B. dung dch Na2CO3 C. dung dch KHCO3 D. dung dch Na2SO4. Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c V ml kh X ( mu nu) ktc. V c gi tr l: A. 336 ml B. 112 ml C. 224 ml D. 448 ml Cu 25: Trong nc t nhin thng c ln nhng lng nh cc mui: Ca(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2. C th dng mt ha cht no sau y loi ng thi cc cation trong cc mui trn ? A. NaHCO3 B. K2SO4 C. Na2SO4 D. NaOH Cu 26: cho s sau: + Fe + dd NH3 +HNO3 +HCl +Cl2 Fe A B A D E. Cc k t A, B, D, E ln lt l: A. FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)3 B. FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)3 C. . FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)2, Fe(NO3)2 D. . FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OH)3, Fe(NO3)3 Cu 27: in phn dung dch NaCl n ht ( c mng ngn, in cc tr), cng dng n 1,61A th ht 60 pht. Thm 0,03 mol H2SO4 vo dung dch sau in phn th thu c mui vi khi lng: A. 4,26 gam B. 8,52 gam C. 6,39 gam D. 2,13 gam Cu 28: Cho 4 kim loi: Al, Fe, Mg, Cu v bn dung dch ZnSO4, AgNO3, CuCl2, Al2(SO4)3, kim loi no kh c c 4 dung dch mui trn : A. Mg B. Mg v Al C. Mg v Fe D. Cu Cu 29: Hn hp X gm Al v Fe3O4. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton thu c cht rn Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOh d thu c 6,72 lit H2 (ktc). Phn 2 cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 26,88 lit kh H2 (ktc). Khi lng Al v Fe3O4 trong hn hp u bng: A. 54g; 139,2g B. 29,7g; 69,6g C. 27g; 69,6g D. 59,4;g; 139,2g Cu 30: Trong qu trnh n mn in ha, in cc m xy ra: A. qu trnh oxi ha nc trong dd in li B. qu trnh kh kim loi C. qa trnh oxi ha kim loi D. qu trnh oxi ha oxi trong dd in li.
Gio vin:
49

Giao An Chuong Trinh Moi Lop 12 Ki 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Giao An Chuong Trinh Moi Lop 12 Ki 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gio n ha hc 12 Chng trnh nng cao Tit 37 Bi : MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM I.

HOT NG 5: cng c Bi tp 1,2,4,5/sgk

Chng trnh nng cao

Gio n ha hc 12 III. Tc hi ca nc cng:

Hi: 1) Al c p c vi dung dch HNO3 c ngui, H2SO4 c ngui? v sao ?

2) Hy vit p ca Al vi HNO3 long, H2SO4 c, nng ?

Hi: Hy xc nh s oxi ho ca cc phn ng trn v cho bit loi ca p. 7

Al(OH)3 Dung dch NaOH

LUYEN TAP TNH CHAT CUA KL KIEM VA KL KIEM THO VA NHOM

BI KIM TRA 45 PHT LN 1

Chng trnh nng cao

Chng trnh nng cao dch

Ngy son: 28/2/08

Chng trnh nng cao

Hi: 1) C my phng php iu ch kim loi ? 2) ta c th iu ch Fe bng cch no ?

HOT NG 3 Hi: 1) da vo cu to nguyn t, m 24

Chng trnh nng cao in, cc gi tr th in cc ca Cu, hy d on kh nng hot ng ha hc ca ng ?

Nu nhng cng on chnh ca qu trnh sn xut Cu.

vit cc p xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut Cu.

Tit 53,54: Bi 37:

S LC V MT S KIM LOI KHC

KIM TRA VIT 45 PHT LN 2

PHAN TCH NH TNH MOT SO ION VO C TRONG DUNG DCH

HS: Nu tnh cht ha hc c trng ca anehit ? v vit mt s p ca AH vi AgNO3/NH3, Cu(OH)2/NaOH,to.

HS: nhn bit cc l ha cht mt nhn. 40

Gio n ha hc 12 Tit 62: Tit 63,64: Bi:

Chng trnh nng cao

BI THC HNH S 8 ( Nhn bit mt s hp cht hu c)

PHN TCH NH LNG HA HC

Chng trnh nng cao

Chng trnh nng cao

HA HC V NHNG VN PHT TRIN KINH T

Chng trnh nng cao

Tit 69,70: N TP HC K V THI HC K 2 H v tn........................................................Lp 12A

Chng trnh nng cao

Chng trnh nng cao

You might also like