CC CHUYN MY TNH B TI

I.CC BI TON V : PHP NHN TRN MN HNH

Bi 1:
Tnh chnh xc tng S = 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + 4.4! + ... + 16.16!.
Gii:
V n . n! = (n + 1 1).n! = (n + 1)! n! nn:
S = 1.1! + 2.2! + 3.3! + 4.4! + ... + 16.16! = (2! 1!) + (3! 2!) + ... + (17! 16!)
S = 17! 1!.
Khng th tnh 17 bng my tnh v 17! L mt s c nhiu hn 10 ch s (trn mn hnh). Nn ta tnh
theo cch sau:
Ta biu din S di dng : a.10n + b vi a, b ph hp khi thc hin php tnh, my khng b trn,
cho kt qu chnh xc.
Ta c : 17! = 13! . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 = 6227020800 . 57120
Li c: 13! = 6227020800 = 6227 . 106 + 208 . 102 nn
S = (6227 . 106 + 208 . 102) . 5712 . 10 1
= 35568624 . 107 + 1188096 . 103 1 = 355687428096000 1
= 355687428095999.
Bi 2:
Tnh kt qu ng ca cc tch sau:
a) M = 2222255555 . 2222266666.
b) N = 20032003 . 20042004.
Gii:
a) t A = 22222, B = 55555, C = 666666.
Ta c M = (A.105 + B)(A.105 + C) = A2.1010 + AB.105 + AC.105 + BC
Tnh trn my:
A2 = 493817284 ; AB = 1234543210 ; AC = 1481451852 ; BC = 3703629630
Tnh trn giy:
A2.1010 4 9 3 8 1 7 2 8 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AB.105 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
AC.105 1 4 8 1 4 5 1 8 5 2 0 0 0 0 0
BC 3 7 0 3 6 2 9 6 3 0
M4938444443209829630
b) t X = 2003, Y = 2004. Ta c:
N = (X.104 + X) (Y.104 + Y) = XY.108 + 2XY.104 + XY
Tnh XY, 2XY trn my, ri tnh N trn giy nh cu a)
Kt qu:
M = 4938444443209829630.
N = 401481484254012.
Bi tp tng t:
Tnh chnh xc cc php tnh sau:
a) A = 20!.
b) B = 5555566666 . 6666677777
c) C = 20072007 . 20082008
d) 10384713
e) 201220032
II. TM S D CA PHP CHIA S NGUYN
a) Khi cho s b hn 10 ch s:
S b chia = s chia . thng + s d (a = bq + r) (0 < r < b)
Suy ra r = a b . q
V d : Tm s d trong cc php chia sau:
1) 9124565217 cho 123456
2) 987896854 cho 698521
b) Khi cho s ln hn 10 ch s:
Phng php:
Tm s d ca A khi chia cho B ( A l s c nhiu hn 10 ch s)
- Ct ra thnh 2 nhm , nhm u c chn ch s (k t bn tri). Tm s d phn u khi chia cho B.
- Vit lin tip sau s d phn cn li (ti a 9 ch s) ri tm s d ln hai. Nu cn na tnh lin
tip nh vy.
V d: Tm s d ca php chia 2345678901234 cho 4567.
Ta tm s d ca php chia 234567890 cho 4567: c kt qu s d l : 2203
Tm tip s d ca php chia 22031234 cho 4567.
Kt qu s d cui cng l 26.
Bi tp: Tm s d ca cc php chia:
a) 983637955 cho 9604325
b) 903566896235 cho 37869.
c) 1234567890987654321 : 123456
c) Dng kin thc v ng d tm s d.
* Php ng d:
+ nh ngha: Nu hai s nguyn a v b chia cho c (c khc 0) c cng s d ta ni a ng d vi b theo

modun c k hiu
+ Mt s tnh cht: Vi mi a, b, c thuc Z+

V d 1: Tm s d ca php chia 126 cho 19

Gii:
Vy s d ca php chia 126 cho 19 l 1
V d 2: Tm s d ca php chia 2004376 cho 1975
Gii:
Bit 376 = 62 . 6 + 4
Ta c:
Vy
Kt qu: S d ca php chia 2004376 cho 1975 l 246
Bi tp thc hnh:
Tm s d ca php chia :
a) 138 cho 27
b) 2514 cho 65
c) 197838 cho 3878.
d) 20059 cho 2007
e) 715 cho 2001
III. TM CH S HNG N V, HNG CHC, HNG TRM... CA MT LU THA:
Bi 1: Tm ch s hng n v ca s 172002
Gii:
Vy . Ch s tn cng ca 172002 l 9
Bi 2: Tm ch s hng chc, hng trm ca s 232005.
Gii
+ Tm ch s hng chc ca s 232005
Do :
Vy ch s hng chc ca s 232005 l 4 (hai ch s tn cng ca s 232005 l 43)
+ Tm ch s hng trm ca s 232005
Vy ch s hng trm ca s 232005 l s 3 (ba ch s tn cng ca s 232005 l s 343)
III. TM BCNN, UCLN
My tnh ci sn chng trnh rt gn phn s thnh phn s ti gin
T p dng chng trnh ny tm UCLN, BCNN nh sau:
+ UCLN (A; B) = A : a
+ BCNN (A; B) = A . b
V d 1: Tm UCLN v BCNN ca 2419580247 v 3802197531
HD: Ghi vo mn hnh : v n =, mn hnh hin
UCLN: 2419580247 : 7 = 345654321
BCNN: 2419580247 . 11 = 2.661538272 . 1010 (trn mn hnh)
Cch tnh ng: a con tr ln dng biu thc xo s 2 ch cn 419580247 . 11
Kt qu : BCNN: 4615382717 + 2.109 . 11 = 26615382717
V d 2: Tm UCLN ca 40096920 ; 9474372 v 51135438
29570. 40096920 = ta c : 6987Gii: n 9474372
UCLN ca 9474372 v 40096920 l 9474372 : 6987 = 1356.
Ta bit UCLN(a; b; c) = UCLN(UCLN(a ; b); c)
Do ch cn tm UCLN(1356 ; 5113543
.
Thc hin nh trn ta tm c:
UCLN ca 40096920 ; 9474372 v 51135438 l : 678
Bi tp:
Cho 3 s 1939938; 68102034; 510510.
a) Hy tm UCLN ca 1939938; 68102034.
b) Hy tm BCNN ca 68102034; 510510.
c) Gi B l BCNN ca 1939938 v 68102034. Tnh gi tr ng ca B2.
IV.PHN S TUN HON.
V d 1: Phn s no sinh ra s thp phn tun hon sau:
a) 0,(123)

b) 7,(37)
c) 5,34(12)
Gii:
Ghi nh: ...
a) Cch 1:
Ta c 0,(123) = 0,(001).123 =
Cch 2:
t a = 0,(123)
Ta c 1000a = 123,(123) . Suy ra 999a = 123. Vy a =
Cc cu b,c (t gii)
V d 2: Phn s no sinh ra s thp phn tun hon 3,15(321)
Gii: t 3,15(321) = a.
Hay 100.000 a = 315321,(321) (1)
100 a = 315,(321) (2)
Ly (1) tr (2) v theo v, ta c 999000a = 315006
Vy
Bi 3: Tnh
Gii
t 0,0019981998... = a.
Ta c:
Trong khi : 100a = 0,19981998... = 0,(0001) . 1998 =
Vy A =
V. TNH S L THP PHN TH N SAU DU PHY.
V d 1:
Tm ch s l thp phn th 105 ca php chia 17 : 13
Gii:
Bc 1:
+ Thc hin php chia 17 : 13 = 1.307692308 (thc cht my thc hin php tnh ri lm trn v
hin th kt qu trn mn hnh)
Ta ly 7 ch s u tin hng thp phn l: 3076923
+ Ly 1,3076923 . 13 = 16,9999999
17 - 16,9999999 = 0,0000001
Vy 17 = 1,3076923 . 13 + 0.0000001
(ti sao khng ghi c s 0
??? Khng ly ch s thp cui cng v my c th lm trn. Khng ly
s khng v
17 = 1,30769230 . 13 + 0,0000001= 1,30769230 . 13 + 0,0000001
Bc 2:
+ ly 1 : 13 = 0,07692307692
11 ch s hng thp phn tip theo l: 07692307692
Vy ta tm c 18 ch s u tin hng thp phn sau du phy l:
307692307692307692
Vy 17 : 13 = 1,(307692) Chu k gm 6 ch s.
Ta c 105 = 6.17 + 3 ( )
Vy ch s thp phn th 105 sau du phy l ch s th ba ca chu k. chnh l s 7
V d 2:
Tm ch s thp phn th 132007 sau du phy trong php chia 250000 cho 19
Gii:
Ta c . Vy ch cn tm ch s thp phn th 132007 sau du phy trong php chia 17 : 19
Bc 1:
n 17 : 19 = 0,8947368421.
Ta c 9 ch s u tin sau du phy l 894736842
+ Ly 17 0, 894736842 * 19 = 2 . 10-9
Bc 2:
Ly 2 : 19 = 0,1052631579.
Chn s hng thp phn tip theo l: 105263157
+ Ly 2 0,105263157 * 19 = 1,7 . 10-8 = 17 . 10-9
Bc 3:
Ly 17 : 19 = 0,8947368421.
Chn s hng thp phn tip theo l
+ Ly 17 0,0894736842 * 19 = 2 . 10-9
Bc 4:
Ly 2 : 19 = 0,1052631579.
Chn s hng thp phn tip theo l: 105263157
...
Vy 17 : 19 = 0, 894736842105263157894736842105263157 ...
= 0,(894736842105263157) . Chu k gm 18 ch s.
Ta c
Kt qu s d l 1, suy ra s cn tm l s ng v tr u tin trong chu k gm 18 ch s thp
phn.

Kt qu : s 8
Bi tp:
Tm ch s thp phn th 2007 sau du phy khi chia:
a) 1 chia cho 49
b) 10 chia cho 23
VI. CC BI TON V A THC
Mt s kin thc cn nh:
1. nh l Bezout
S d trong php chia f(x) cho nh thc x a chnh l f(a)
H qu: Nu a l nghim ca f(x) th f(x) chia ht cho x a
2. S Hor n
Ta c th dng s Hor n thm kt qu ca php chia a thc f(x) cho nh thc x a.
V d:
Thc hin php chia (x3 5x2 + 8x 4) cho x 2 bng cch dng s Hor n.
Bc 1: t cc h s ca a thc b chia theo th t vo cc ct ca dng trn.

Bc 2: Trong 4 ct trng dng di, ba ct u cho ta cc h s ca a thc thng, ct cui

cng cho ta s d.
- S th nht ca dng di = s tng ng dng trn
- K t ct th hai, mi s dng di c xc nh bng cch ly a nhn vi s cng dng lin trc
ri cng vi s cng ct dng trn

Vy (x3 5x2 + 8x 4) = (x 2)(x2 3x + 2) + 0

* Nu a thc b chia l a0x3 + a1x2 + a2x + a3 , a thc chia l x a, ta c thng l b0x2 + b1x
+ b2 d l r. Theo s Hor n ta c:

Bi 1: Tm s d trong cc php chia sau:

a) x3 9x2 35x + 7 cho x 12.
b) x3 3,256 x + 7,321 cho x 1,1617.
c) Tnh a x4 + 7x3 + 2x2 + 13x + a chia ht cho x + 6
d)
e) Cho P(x) = 3x3 + 17x 625
+ Tnh P(2 )
+ Tnh a P(x) + a2 chia ht cho x + 3
Bi 2 :
Cho P(x) = x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + f .
Bit P(1) = 1 , P(2) = 4 , P(3) = 9 , P(4) = 16 , P(5) = 15 . Tnh P(6) , P(7) , P(
, P(9)
Gii:
Ta c P(1) = 1 = 12; P(2) = 4 = 22 ; P(3) = 9 = 32 ; P(4) = 16 = 42 ; P(5) = 25 = 52
Xt a thc Q(x) = P(x) x2.
D thy Q(1) = Q(2) = Q(3) = Q(4) = Q(5) = 0.
Suy ra 1; 2; 3; 4; 5 l nghim ca a thc Q(x).
V h s ca x5 bng 1 nn Q(x) c dng:
Q(x) = (x 1)(x 2)(x 3)(x 4)(x 5).
Vy ta c Q(6) = (6 1)(6 2)(6 3)(6 4)(6 5) = P(6) - 62
Hay P(6) = 5! + 62 = 156.
Q(7) = (7 1)(7 2)(7 3)(7 4)(7 5) = P(7) 72
Hay P(7) = 6! + 72 = 769
Bi 3:
Cho Q(x) = x4 + mx3 + nx2 + px + q . Bit Q(1) = 5 , Q(2) = 7 , Q(3) = 9 ,
Q(4) = 11 .
Tnh cc gi tr ca Q(10) , Q(11) , Q(12) , Q(13)
Hng dn
Q(1) = 5 = 2.1 + 3; Q(2) = 7 = 2.2 + 3; Q(3) = 9 = 2.3 + 3 ; Q(4) = 11 = 2.4 + 3
Xt a thc Q1(x) = Q(x) (2x + 3)
Bi 4 : Cho P(x) = x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e .
Bit P(1) = 3 , P(2) = 9 , P(3) = 19 , P(4) = 33 , P(5) = 51 . Tnh P(6) , P(7) , P(
P(11) .
Bi 5:
Cho P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. C P(1) = 0,5 ; P(2) = 2 ; P(3) = 4,5 ;

, P(9) , P(10) ,

P(4) = 8. Tnh P(2002), P(2003)

Bi 6:
Cho P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. Bit P(1) = 5; P(2) = 14; P(3) = 29; P(4) = 50. Hy tnh P(5) ,
P(6) , P(7) , P(
Bi 7:
Cho P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. Bit P(1) = 0; P(2) = 4 ; P(3) = 18 ; P(4) = 48. Tnh P(2007)
Bi 8 : Cho P(x) = x5 + 2x4 3x3 + 4x2 5x + m .
a) Tm s d trong php chia P(x) cho x 2,5 khi m = 2003 .
b) Tm gi tr ca m P(x) chia ht cho x 2,5
c) P(x) c nghim x = 2 . Tm m .
Bi 9: Cho P(x) = .
a) Tm biu thc thng Q(x) khi chia P(x) cho x 5.
b) Tm s d ca php chia P(x) cho x 5 chnh xc n 3 ch s thp phn.
Bi 10:
Tm s d trong php chia a thc x5 7,834x3 + 7,581x2 4,568x + 3,194 cho
x 2,652. Tm h s ca x2 trong thc thng ca php chia trn.
Bi 11:
Khi chia a thc 2x4 + 8x3 7x2 + 8x 12 cho x 2 ta c thng l a thc Q(x) c bc l 3. Hy
tm h s ca x2 trong Q(x)
Bi 12:
Cho a thc P(x) = 6x3 7x2 16x + m .
a) Tm m P(x) chia ht cho 2x + 3
b) Vi m tm c cu a ) , hy tm s d r khi chia P(x) cho 3x 2 v phn tch P(x) thnh tch ca
cc tha s bc nht
c) Tm m v n Q(x) = 2x3 5x2 13x + n v P(x) cng chia ht cho x 2 .
d) Vi n tm c trn , hy phn tch Q(x) ra tch ca cc tha s bc nht.
Bi 13:
Cho P(x) = x4 + 5x3 4x2 + 3x + m v Q(x) = x4 + 4x3 - 3x2 + 2x + n .
a) Tm cc gi tr ca m v n P(x) v Q(x) cng chia ht cho x 2 .
b) Vi gi tr ca m v n tm c , chng t rng R(x) = P(x) Q(x) ch c mt nghim duy nht
Bi 14 :
Cho f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c . Bit : f = ; f = ; f = . Tnh gi tr ng v gn ng ca f .
Bi 15:
Xc nh cc h s a, b, c ca a thc:
P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx 2007 sao cho P(x) chia cho (x 13) c s d l 1, chia cho (x 3) c s
d l l 2, v chia cho (x 14) c s d l 3
(Kt qu ly vi hai ch s hng thp phn)
Bi 16:
Xc nh cc h s a, b, c, d v tnh gi tr ca a thc
Q(x) = x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx 2007 ti cc gi tr ca x = 1,15; 1,25; 1,35; 1,45
VII. MT S BI TON V DY S
Bi 1:
Cho dy s a1 = 3; an + 1 = .
a) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh an + 1
b) Tnh an vi n = 2, 3, 4, ..., 10
Bi 2:
Cho dy s x1 = ; .
a) Hy lp quy trnh bm phm tnh xn + 1
b) Tnh x30 ; x31 ; x32
1) Bi 3: Cho dy s (n
a) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh xn + 1 vi x1 = 1 v tnh x100.
b) Lp quy trnh bm phm tnh xn + 1 vi x1 = -2 v tnh x100.
1) Bi 4: Cho dy s (n
a) Cho x1 = 0,25. Vit quy trnh n phm lin tc tnh cc gi tr ca xn + 1
b) Tnh x100
Dy FIBONAXI
Bi 5: Cho dy s vi n = 0; 1; 2; 3; ...
a) Tnh 5 s hng u tin U0, U1, U2, U3, U4
b) Chng minh rng Un + 2 = 10Un + 1 18Un .
c) Lp quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un + 2 theo Un + 1 v Un.
HD gii:
a) Thay n = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4 vo cng thc ta c
U0 = 0, U1 = 1, U2 = 10, U3 = 82, U4 = 640
b) Chng minh: Gi s Un + 2 = aUn + 1 + bUn + c. Thay n = 0; 1; 2 v cng thc ta c h phng
trnh:
Gii h ny ta c a = 10, b = -18, c = 0
c) Quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un + 2 trn my Casio 570MS , Casio 570ES

a U1 vo A, tnh U2 ri a U2 vo B
1 SHIFT STO A x 10 18 x 0 SHIFT STO B,
lp li dy phm sau tnh lin tip Un + 2 vi n = 2, 3, ...
x 10 18 ALPHA A SHFT STO A (c U3)
x 10 18 ALPHA B SHFT STO B (c U4)
Bi 6: Cho dy s vi n = 1; 2; 3; ...
a) Tnh 5 s hng u tin U1, U2, U3, U4 , U5
b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh Un + 1 theo Un v Un 1.
c) Lp quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un + 1 trn my Casio
Bi 7:
Cho dy s vi s hng tng qut c cho bi cng thc
vi n = 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . k , . . .
a) Tnh
b) Lp cng thc truy hi tnh theo v
c) Lp quy trnh n phm lin tc tnh theo v
Bi 8:
Cho dy s c to thnh theo quy tc sau: Mi s sau bng tch ca hai s trc cng vi 1, bt u
t U0 = U1 = 1.
a) Lp mt quy trnh tnh un.
b) Tnh cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 1; 2; 3; ...; 9
c) C hay khng s hng ca dy chia ht cho 4? Nu c cho v d. Nu khng hy chng minh.
Hng dn gii:
a) Dy s c dng: U0 = U1 = 1, Un + 2 = Un + 1 . Un + 1, (n =1; 2; ...)
Quy trnh tnh Un trn my tnh Casio 500MS tr ln:
1 SHIFT STO A x 1 + 1 SIHFT STO B. Lp li dy phm
x ALPHA A + 1 SHIFT STO A x ALPHA B + 1 SHIFT STO B
b) Ta c cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 1; 2; 3; ...; 9 trong bng sau:
U0 = 1 U1 = 1 U2 = 2 U3 = 3 U4 = 7
U5 = 22 U6 = 155 U7 = 3411 U8 = 528706 U9 = 1803416167
Bi 9:
2) Cho dy s U1 = 1, U2 = 2, Un + 1 = 3Un + Un 1. (n
a) Hy lp mt quy trnh tnh Un + 1 bng my tnh Casio
b) Tnh cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 18, 19, 20
Bi 11:
2) Cho dy s U1 = 1, U2 = 1, Un + 1 = Un + Un 1. (n
c) Hy lp mt quy trnh tnh Un + 1 bng my tnh Casio
d) Tnh cc gi tr ca Un vi n = 12, 48, 49, 50
S cu b)
U12 = 144, U48 = 4807526976, U49 = 7778742049 , U49 = 12586269025
Bi 12:
2). Cho dy s sp th t vi U1 = 2, U2 = 20 v t U3 tr i c tnh theo cng thc Un + 1 = 2Un
+ Un + 1 (n
a) Tnh gi tr ca U3 , U4 , U5 , U6 , U7 , U8
b) Vit quy trnh bm phm lin tc tnh Un
c) S dng quy trnh trn tnh gi tr ca Un vi n = 22; 23, 24, 25
III. MT S BI TON V LIN PHN S.
Bi 1:
Cho . Vit li
Vit kt qu theo th t
Gii:
Ta c
.
Tip tc tnh nh trn, cui cng ta c:
Vit kt qu theo k hiu lin phn s
Bi 2:
Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc sau v biu din kt qu di dng phn s:
;;
p s: A) 2108/157 ; B) 1300/931 ; C) 783173/1315
Ring cu C ta lm nh sau: Khi tnh n 2003: . Nu tip tc nhn x 2003 = th c s thp phn v
vt qu 10 ch s.
V vy ta lm nh sau:
391 x 2003 = (kt qu 783173) vy C = 783173/1315.
Bi 3:

a) Tnh b)
c) d)
Bi 4:
a) Vit quy trnh tnh:
b) Gi tr tm c ca A l bao nhiu ?
Bi 5:
Bit . Tm cc s a, b, c, d.
Bi 6:
Tm gi tr ca x, y. Vit di dng phn s t cc phng trnh sau:
a) ; b)
Hng dn: t A = , B =
Ta c 4 + Ax = Bx. Suy ra .
Kt qu . (Tng t y = )

Bi 7:
Tm x bit:
Lp quy trnh n lin tc trn fx 570MS, 570ES.
381978 : 382007 = 0.999924085
n tip phm x-1 x 3 8 v n 9 ln du =. Ta c:
. Tip tc n Ans x-1 1 =
Kt qu : x = -1,11963298 hoc
Bi 8:
Thi gian tri t quay mt vng quanh tri t c vit di dng lin phn s l:
. Da vo lin phn s ny, ngi ta c th tm ra s nm nhun. V d dng phn s th c 4 nm li
c mt nm nhun.
Cn nu dng lin phn s th c 29 nm (khng phi l 28 nm) s c 7 nm nhun.
1) Hy tnh gi tr (di dng phn s) ca cc lin phn s sau:
a) ; b) ; c)
2) Kt lun v s nm nhun da theo cc phn s va nhn c.