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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

RADIO NETWORK OPTIMIZATION FOR BEGINNER


1. Gii Thieu Tong Quan Cau Truc Mang Di ong Viettel kv3.
1.1 Quan iem thiet ke mang Viettel Mobile. 1.2 Tong quan tai nguyen, cau truc mang di ong Viettel Mobile 1.2.1 Quy hoach tai nguyen tan so. 1.2.2 Quy hoach tai nguyen thiet b. 1.2.3 Tong quan cau truc mang di ong Viettel Mobile.

2. Bai Toan Toi u Mang Di ong.


2.1 Gii thieu muc ch, ly do va li ch cua toi u mang vo tuyen 2.2 Quy trnh toi u mang 2.2.1 Qua trnh giam sat va phan tch. 2.2.2 Qua trnh thc hien thay oi va kiem tra ket qua toi u. 2.3 Gii thieu cac KPIs vo tuyen chnh 2.3.1 SDCCH Congestion rate. 2.3.2 SDCCH drop rate. 2.3.3 TCH assign unsuccess rate. 2.3.4 TCH congestion rate. 2.3.5 Call drop rate. 2.3.6 Call setup success rate. 2.3.7 Call success rate. 2.3.8 Handover outgoing success rate. 2.3.9 Handover incoming success rate. 2.4 Nguon thong tin phan tch, toi u mang 2.4.1 Thong tin giam sat chat lng, tai lu lng BSS. 2.4.2 Cac nguon thong tin gia tr. 2.4.3 Gii thieu thiet b o chat lng mang vo tuyen GSM (Tems Investigation). 2.4.4 Gii thieu thiet b o giao thc NetHawk M5. 2.5 Cac van e vo tuyen tieu bieu 2.5.1 Van e vung phu. 2.5.2 Van e nhieu. 2.5.3 Van e mat can bang cong suat. 2.5.4.Van e nghen TCH. 2.6 Cac van e loi cuoc goi tieu bieu 2.6.1 Qua trnh thiet lap ng truyen vo tuyen. 2.6.2 Qua trnh SDCCH. 2. 6.3 Qua trnh an nh TCH. 1

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner 2.6.4 Qua trnh TCH. 2.7 Cac d lieu thong ke, phan tch, toi u c ban 2.7.1 Lu lng v vn nh c 2.7.1.1 Lu lng SDCCH v vn nh c 2.7.1.2 Lu lng TCH v vn nh c. 2.7.2 Truy cp ngu nhin. 2.7.2.1 Truy cp ngu nhin khng c chp nhn. 2.7.2.2 Chp nhn truy cp nhng khng thnh cng. 2.7.3 Cp nht v tr 2.7.4 Tm gi. 2.7.5 Rt cuc gi 2.7.6 Chuyn giao. 2.7.7 Vn nhiu

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3. e Xuat Giai Phap:


3.1 Giai phap multiband/multilayer. 3.2. Giai phap repeater cho cac vung lom, Inbuilding va T_Boom/Vertical Boom cho cac tang cao nha cao tang. 3.3 Cac giai phap tan so. MOT SO KY NANG OI VI KY S TOI U MANG VO TUYEN GSM (QUN L CHT LNG/TI U/QUN L CU HNH)

TP. HCM 26/09/2008


2

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

RADIO NETWORK OPTIMIZATION FOR BEGINNER


1. GII THIU TNG QUAN CU TRC MNG DI NG VIETTEL MOBILE KHU VC 3
1.1. Quan im Thit K Mng Viettel Mobile Quan im thit k cho di hn v cho nm 2008: V vng ph: m bo ph sng 90 % din tch Vit Nam, 97% dn c theo tiu ch: Ph sng ti tt c cc x trn ton quc. u tin pht trin trm ti cc x m cc i th cnh tranh cha c sng. Ch cc khu vc c bit nh khu du lch, ng tu, ng quc l, khu vc c cng trnh ang trin khai nh cng trnh thu in V dung lng: m bo dung lng mng li phc v cho 50% dn s Vit Nam 1.1.1. V vng ph Vi cc tnh (khng bao gm th ph tnh): i vi cc cm dn c: 100% cc x trn ton quc c trm pht sng. C trm pht sng ti cc cm dn c c t 50 n 100 h tr ln.

- u tin pht trin trm ti cc x m cc i th cnh tranh cha c sng i vi ph ng: 100% tuyn ng lin huyn, lin tnh c ph sng. m bo ph kn cc trc ng ln, quc l 1A, ng H Ch Minh, ng tu, i vi ph sng ven bin: t trm ti nhng im cao ven b m bo ph kn din tch ven bin vi phm vi vng ph vn ra bin t 20 n 30 km so vi t lin. i vi cc khu cng nghip ch xut, khu vui chi gii tr: - Ph sng 100% cc khu cng nghip ch xut v cc khu vui chi gii tr. i vi cc to nh cao tng: t trm Inbuilding ph sng cc to nh cao tng: khu thng mi, vn phng v chung c c t 10 tng tr ln. Cc tnh s lp danh sch cc to nh cn trin khai. Th ph cc tnh v 3 thnh ph ln HNI, NG v HCM: Thit k theo li v gc chun. 3 -

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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1.1.2. V dung lng m bo dung lng mng p ng 50% dn s ti tnh. Cc tham s c bn cho thit k: 1 b thu pht phc v khong 200 thu bao. S b thu pht trung bnh ca 1 trm BTS l 9. 1.2. Tng Quan Ti Nguyn, Cu Trc Mng Di ng Viettel Mobile Khu Vc 3 1.2.1. Quy hoch ti nguyn tn s 1.2.1.1. Quy hoch tn s cho di tn 900 MHz Di tn GSM900 Viettel v cc nh khai thc khc c cp pht: Viettel C 41 tn s t 43 n 83, trong c 22 tn s (t 43 n 64) dng cho mc ch BCCH, 18 tn s (t 66 n 83) hoch nh cho TCH, tn s 65 bo v gia BCCH v TCH. 1 41 42 G 63 43 83 84 G 65 G 66 TCH 85 124

Vinaphone 43

Viettel 64

Mobiphone 83

BCCH

Quy hoch tn s BCCH: Dng mu ti s dng tn s 7/21 + 1: Sector A 43 S1 S2 S3 50 57 B 44 51 58 C 45 52 59 D 46 53 60 E 47 54 61 F 48 55 62 G 49 56 63 64

Quy hoch tn s TCH: Dng mu ti s dng tn s 1x3 vi 18 knh TCH (cu hnh 6/6/6). Sector 1 66 S1 S2 S3 72 78 2 67 73 79 3 68 74 80 4 69 75 81 5 70 76 82 6 71 77 83

1.2.1.2 Quy hoch tn s cho di tn 1800 MHz Di tn GSM1800 Viettel c cp pht: 711 712 744 745 GB BCCH G 746 760 761 762 766 767 768 809 810 811 G For Umbrella G TCH Test GB For Micro/Inbuilding

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner Trm Macrocell: Quy hoch tn s BCCH theo mu 10/30 + 3: Sector A S1 S2 S3 B C D E F G H

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712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 Quy hoch tn s TCH: Dng mu ti s dng tn s 1x3 vi 42 knh TCH khng lin tc (cu hnh 14/14/14):

Sector S1 S2 S3

10

11

12

13

14

768 771 774 777 780 783 786 789 792 795 798 801 804 807 769 772 775 778 781 784 787 790 793 796 799 802 805 808 770 773 776 779 782 785 788 791 794 797 800 803 806 809 Trm Microcell v Inbuilding: Dng 15 tn s t 746 n 760 cho mc ch trm microcell v inbulding (BCCH v TCH). Trm Umbrella: Dng 5 tn s t 762 n 766 cho cc trm Umbrella. Cho cc mc ch th nghim dng tn s 810. Cc tn s cn li cho mc ch bo v.

1.2.2. Quy hoch ti nguyn thit b BSS Hin ti cc node mng Viettel Mobile khu vc 3 gm: 8 MSC Ericssion: MSCHCM1 -> MSCHCM8. 6 MSS Nokia: MSSHM1 -> MSSHM6. 2 HLR Ericssion: HLR2, HLR4. 2 GMSC Huawei: GHCM1 v GHCM2. 2 STP Huawei: SGHCM1 v SGHCM2. 2 STP Tekelec: STPHCM1 v STPHCM2. 1 CRBT Huawei. 1 SMSC: SMSC2. 69 BSC Alcatel: BSCHCM1 -> BSCHCM69. 2986 trm BTS Alcatel. Viettel Mobile khu vc 3 hin ang s dng thit b h thng BSS ca Alcatel (gm 69 BSC) qun l 2986 trm BTS ti 21 tnh pha nam t Ninh Thun tr vo. Cu hnh qun l ca cc phn t mng BSS Alcatel hin ang s dng nh sau:

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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H thng iu khin trm gc (BSC): C 69 BSC, gm 2 loi l BSC G2_A9120 (39 BSC) v MX BSC_A9130 (30 BSC), cu hnh qun l ca 2 loi BSC ny nh sau: Tng s TRX FR 448 Tng S TRX HR 224 300

BSC Erlang BTS CELL configuration

S knh N7

S knh voice

S knh data

G2 BSC (A9120) MX BSC (A9130)

1,900

255

264

16

16

2,600

255

264

600

16

30

18

H thng khai thc bo dng OMC: Hin c 2 OMC, cu hnh qun l ca mi OMC nh sau: Cu hnh OMC XX-Large (V490) S BSC c th qun l 120 S Cell c th qun l 6000 S TRX c th qun l 30000

H thng h tr phn tch, ti u mng NPA/RNO: Hin c 1 h thng NPA/RNO, cu hnh qun l h thng ny nh sau: Cu hnh NPA/RNO XX-Large (V490) S Cell c th qun l 10500 S TRX c th qun l 40000

1.2.3. Tng quan cu trc mng di ng Viettel Mobile khu vc 3 Cu trc mng khu vc 3 c 2 tng trm t ti Ph Lm v Hong Hoa Thm. Phng my Ph Lm phc v mt phn thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh min ty, phng my khu vc Hong Hoa Thm phc v mt phn thnh ph H Ch Minh v cc tnh min ng. S kt ni mng thoi v mng bo hiu nh sau:

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner S mng thoi:

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S mng bo hiu:

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

2. BI TON TI U MNG DI NG
2.1. Gii Thiu Mc ch, L Do V Li ch Ti u Mng V Tuyn Mc ch: Mc ch ch yu ca vic ti u ho mng l duy tr v ci thin ton b cht lng v dung lng hin thi ca mng di ng. Mc ch ca vic ti u l t c 1 hay cc mc ch nh sau: nhn din chnh xc cc suy gim hiu sut mng. Cc suy gim ny c nhn din qua vic gim st lin tc cc KPIs ca mng c nh ngha hay qua cc phn nh ca khch hng. Khi bt u thit k mng, cht lng ca dch v (QoS) phi c ngh n khch hng. Ti u chc chn hiu sut mng c duy tr vi cht lng dch v khng thay i. lm cho mng hin ti c hiu sut cao hn L do: Cc l do ca vic thc hin qu trnh ti u mng: Sau khi hon thnh trin khai mng, pht hin li khi gim st KPIs do vic hoch nh ban u khng tt bi tn hiu ng truyn v tuyn tht s khng nh cng c thit k d on do c s d liu u vo thit k khng chnh xc v phn b ti lu lng tht s th khc so vi cc d on da trn cc thng k khi thit k. Do vic b sung cc tnh nng, dch v mi (v d: dch v tin nhn SMS/GPRS/EDGE) trong n lc gii thiu dch v mi vi nh hng nh nht n cht lng dch v hin ti v nh nht chi ph u t b sung. Ti u hiu chnh cc vn c nhn din lm gim hiu sut mng sau khi kim tra (Audit) mng. Thc hin hiu chnh, ti u khi gim st nhn din c tnh cht lng mng KPIs suy gim. Ci thin hiu sut mng t c cc yu cu kinh doanh. Do lu lng ngy cng tng, cu trc mng thay i nhanh chng v ngy cng phc tp. Tinh chnh, thay i cc tham s hot ng mng nh tng gim vng phc v cell bng cc thay i tham s chuyn giao, thay i gc ngng anten, tng, gim cng sut pht,... Cc li ch ca ti u ho: Duy tr, ci thin cht lng dch v hin ti. Gim t l ri b mng ca cc khch hng hin ti. Thu ht khch hng mi qua vic cung cp cc dch v hay cht lng dch v tt hn bng vic nng cao c tnh mng.

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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t c ti a li nhun do cc dch v to ra bi vic s dng ti a hiu sut ca cc phn t chc nng mng. 2.2. Quy Trnh Ti u Mng:
Thit K v Tch Hp Mng

Gim St

Kim Tra Vic Thay i Phn Tch D Liu Nhn din li /Thc Thi Cc Thay i t Yu Cu QoS?

Qun l c tnh cht lng mng. Vic ti u cht lng mng Ti u mng GSM l mt quy trnh khp kn khng c im kt thc. Tm thi c th chia thnh cc bc chnh: Gim st -> Phn tch d liu-> Nhn din li/ Thc thi cc thay i -> Kim tra -> Gim st Gim st: C th theo di s hot ng ca mng bng nhng cch khc nhau, v d s dng cc tham s mng, cc cnh bo, cc log file o kim Driving Test, cc phn nh t khch hng. Ph bin nht l xem xt cc thng k thng s ca mng mi ngy, cc cnh bo (t OMC), v RNO h tr vic gim st thng xuyn cc cells km cht lng hay cc cells c lu lng cao qua cc ch s KPIs ( Key Performance Indicators Cc ch s biu din chnh ).

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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Phn tch d liu: D nhin vic phn tch mt cch chnh xc v r rng s gip cho vic khc phc s c c nhanh chng hn. Qu trnh phn tch nn bt u cng sm cng tt ngay khi s c xut hin trong mng. Ngoi tt c cc cng c (Tools) h tr hin c, qu trnh phn tch cng nn s dng cc b m counters v cc ch s KPIs. Phng php chnh l xc nh thi im bt u xut hin s c v tm cch gii quyt trit . Nhn din li, thc thi cc thay i: Sau khi phn tch, cn phi a ra nhng hnh ng c th khc phc s c: thay i tn s, tinh chnh tilt, azimuth, neighbours, cc tham s mng, reset cards hot ng km hiu qu, kim tra anten, feeder, ngun, cng sut pht, thay cards hng, Kim tra : Khu ny rt quan trng kim tra li tnh ng n ca cc hnh ng khc phc trn ( V nhng tc ng khng phi lc no cng hon ton ng, c th khc phc c s c, c th khng nh hng, c th i lch hng lm tnh hnh ti t hn). Nn s dng cc cng c (tools) nh OMC, RNO, thit b o kim TEMS hay cc phn nh t khch hng cho vic kim tra ny. Nu s c c x l thnh cng, s tip tc quay li qu trnh gim st ban u, cho n khi li pht hin s c mi. Lu qu trnh kim tra cn c thc hin cn thn ( u tin mc TRX/cell, n cluster, sau l ton mng ). Chnh v vy ti u mng GSM l mt quy trnh khp kn khng c im kt thc. Trong qu trnh thc hin c th linh ng kt hp cc giai on vi nhau. C th chia lm 2 qu trnh chnh: Qu trnh gim st v phn tch c xem nh qu trnh qun l c tnh cht lng mng. Qu trnh nhn din vn , thc thi nhng tc ng ti u v kim tra kt qu c xem nh qu trnh ti u ho mng.. C th nh sau : 1. Qu trnh gim st v phn tch (qu trnh qun l c tnh cht lng mng): Hai giai on gim st v phn tch c kt hp thnh mt qu trnh v thc hin ng thi. Vn chnh cn gii quyt l cc li v tuyn. Qu trnh ny bao gm 4 bc chnh: nh gi cc s c m cc nhn vin k thut BTS/BSC a ra v cc ch s KPIs lin quan. Kim tra gi tr cc tham s chnh ca mng. Thc hin o kim Driving Test trc khi ti u Kim tra phn cng thit b (card TRX, ANC, BTS, thit b truyn dn, BSC..) v cc cnh bo t OMC_R 10

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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C th cc bc nh sau : a) Xem qua cc s c m cc nhn vin k thut BTS/BSC a ra v cc ch s KPIs lin quan Bc u tin trong qu trnh qun l cht lng mng l phi nh ngha cc ch s cht lng dch v (QoS : Quality of Service ) nh t l rt cuc gi, t l cuc gi thnh cng,.... Cc ch s ny s h tr pht hin cc cell c cht lng dch v (th hin qua thng k KPIs) km hn cc yu cu cht lng dch v t ra. Nh c th gii quyt cc s c nh hng n cell. Bc ny bao gm 4 bc nh. a1) Phn tch cc ch s QoS Cn xem v phn tch k cc ch s KPIs chnh nh: T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng (CSSR), T l rt cuc gi (CDR), T l chuyn giao ra thnh cng (HOSR), t l chuyn giao vo thnh cng (HISR), T l nghn knh lu lng TCH (TCH congestion Rate), T l rt trc khi n nh knh TCH (TCH Preparation Tht bi Rate), T l nghn knh bo hiu SDCCH (SDCCH congestion Rate), T l rt knh SDCCH, Cc ch s ny cn c phn tch kt hp vi cc counters lin quan. V d: Cc cuc gi b rt c th do phn v tuyn, do chuyn giao hay do phn cng thit b BSS,.. T c th ch ra nguyn nhn chnh lm rt cuc gi v a ra phn tch su hn. a2) Phn tch s thng ging lu lng Trong qu trnh phn tch cn lu n lu lng mng hay Cluster theo tng gi trong ngy. Nn lu cc Sites hay cc vng no trong cluster c lu lng cao v phn ng ca khch hng i vi dch v mng di ng m h ang dng. Nn thc hin nhng thay i tham s mng vo khong thi gian m c s thu bao t nht v lu lng thp nht. a3) Phn tch cc cell c cht lng km nht S dng cng c RNO phn tch cc d liu cells ti ny nhiu mc (TRX, Cell ,Cluster, BSC, LAC, ), cc tham s (theo ngy), cc QoS (theo gi), cng vi cc phng tin h tr khc nh: bn , th, cc bo co, ..) Mt s hnh ng c th nh sau : Kim tra vng ph t cc log file o kim Driving Test bng cng c Map Infor hay Tems Invest. Kim tra kh nng chng lp vng ph (overlap) ca cc cell gn nhau. Kim tra nhiu: nhiu i vi ton b cell, hay nhiu i vi tn s BCCH ca cell. a4) Ghi nhn v gii quyt cc phn nh t khch hng v cht lngmng ca mt khu vc c th no 11

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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Vic tham kho nhng phn nh cht lng mng t khch hng kt hp vi cc s c mng s gip cho vic ti u c din ra nhanh hn v chnh xc hn. b) Kim tra gi tr cc tham s chnh ca mng: Bc th hai trong qu trnh qun l c tnh cht lng mng l kim tra li ton b cc thng s nh gi hot ng ca mng. Vic ny c thc hin vi cc cng c ca Alcatel (RNO), Aircom (Asset) v Mapinfo. Phn ny c chia thnh bn bc nh: b1) Kim tra li cc thng s BSS v Cell Mi BSC v Cell c nh ngha bng danh sch cc thng s, cc thng s ny nh ngha hot ng ca n trong qu trnh la chn li cell, chuyn giao, qun l lu lng, GPRS, Mi cell c hn 250 tham s. Tt c cc thit lp c ly ra hng ngy di dng file text v nhp vo c s d liu A956 RNO. Tt c cc thit lp hin ti (ang hot ng) v cc thit lp c k c cc thit lp mc nh u lu trong c s d liu ny. Khi s dng RNO cc tham s c th d dng so snh vi gi tr khuyn ngh. Vic thay i gi tr thng s ca cc Cells u c lu li trong c s d liu ca RNO cho mc ch tham kho. Cc yu cu thay i cc tham s cn phn tch, nh gi chi tit thit lp n cc gi tr ti u. Nhn chung, Alcatel khuyn ngh s dng cc gi tr mc nh, tuy nhin ti u hot ng ca mng, tinh chnh cho trng hp c bit, ti u phn b ti lu lng, nn cc tham s thit lp khc vi gi tr mc nh. b2) Kim tra li hoch nh tn s Bc 2 ca vic kim tra li mng l xem li k hoch tn s. C th s dng mt trong hai cng c hoch nh ca Aircom (Asset) hoc Mapinfo kim tra tn s hot ng. Tt c cc tn s ca cell phc v v cell xung quanh cn c xem xt k v lit k ra, cc tn s ny c th gy nn nhiu ng knh hay nhiu kn k. Vic xem li k hoch tn s nn kt hp vi kt qu KPIs v o kim Driving Test nhn ra khu vc b nhiu v nh hng ca nhiu ny ln kt qu KPIs. Nn thc hin thay i tn s cng sm cng tt khi xc nh c ngun gc gy ra nhiu. b3) Kim tra li hoch nh neighbour Bc 3 trong qui trnh ny l xem li neighbor. Mapinfo l cng c hay v d dng cho vic kim tra neighbor. Tt c cc neighbor cell cho l khng cn thit v mun loi b phi c xem xt bng kt qu cc ch s v neighbor c sn trong RNO. Cc quan h neighbor mt chiu phi c kim tra v b sung. iu ny c ngha l bt c khi no d nh loi b mt neighbor nn kim tra c bao nhiu c gng chuyn giao v bao nhiu chuyn giao thnh cng trn

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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hai hng gia cell phc v v cell neighbor (khng c hng dn c th v vic mt quan h neighbor c xem l ng th c bao nhiu c gng chuyn giao gia hai cell), quan h neighbor ny c quyt nh da trn yu cu vng ph, ti u v di chuyn ca thu bao trong khu vc . b4) Kim tra cc thng s anten: V tr, cao, Tilts, Azimuth, Loi anten Vic kim tra thng s ca anten cng quan trng nh kim tra k hoch tn s v neighbor trong vic phn tch chnh xc cc vn ca mng. Mi thng s nh l v tr anten, cao, loi anten, azimuth v tilt phi c kim tra cn thn. Da trn phn tch ny, cc vn chnh d dng lit k ra l vn do vn hnh hay vn do v tuyn. c) Thc hin o kim Driving Test trc khi ti u Phi hon thnh o kim chun b ti u trc khi lm bt c hnh ng thay i chnh hay ti u. Vic o kim ny xem nh l mc chun x l u tin cc vn ca mng. Khi o cn o ht tt c cc ng ln, ng nh trong khu vc cn ti u. Hn na, kt qu o kim s c s dng cho mi phn tch lit k trn nh vng ph, cc vng ph chng ln nhau, nhiu, nhn ra vng ph km, cc vng c cht lng thu km, cc l do rt cuc gi d) Kim tra phn cng thit b (card TRX, ANC,..) v cc cnh bo t OMC_R Bc cui cng ca vic gim st, phn tch (qun l c tnh cht lng mng) l nh gi phn cng BSS v cc cnh bo OMC. Vic kim tra ny hon thnh do nhm BSS thc hin kim tra ng thi vi phn tch cc ch s t RNO lin quan ti cc vn ca BSS. Vic kim tra ny rt quan trng trong vic c lp li phn cng vi li v tuyn v hot ng ca cc bc ti u lin quan. 2. Qu trnh nhn din li, thc thi nhng tc ng ti u v kim tra kt qu (qu trnh ti u ho mng) Ti u c th xem l mt phn ca qu trnh qun l c tnh cht lng mng. Mc tiu ca vic ti u mng v tuyn l t c ti a hiu sut ca mng di ng. Sau khi phn tch cc vn xong, ta cn thc hin cc u cu thay i ti u mng. Khi cc du hiu biu hin ca vi nguyn nhn ging nhau th tt c cc thng tin lin quan c b sung xc nh vn chnh lin quan n vng ph km, nhiu, trng lp vng ph, tham s cell cha tt, thiu neighbor, hoch nh tn s khng tttrc khi thc hin hnh ng chnh xc khc phc vn li.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Nu mi bc ti u nh hng hot ng ca mng v dch v khch hng, th mi hnh ng phi c quyt nh cn thn trc khi thc hin. Tt c cc im kim tra nn theo cc th t sau: 1. Vn do thit lp tham s ? Phn tch cc tham s v ngh thay i. 2. Li lp t, li phn cng BSS, truyn dn, li vn hnh ? Xc nh thit b h thng v sa thit b hng. 3. Vn vng ph ? - Kim tra phn cng BTS, cng sut pht , t s sng ng (VSWR), thng s ca anten ( cao, azimuth, tilt, loi anten v v tr anten, vng Fresnel thong hay bi che chn). Thc hin sa li tng cng vng ph. 4. B nhiu ? - Kim tra tn s vi Mapinfo hay cng c ca Aircom. Nu cn, o kim tn s bng TEMS trong khu vc b nhiu xc nh cell gy nhiu. Thay i tn s cell phc v hoc tn s cell gy nhiu hoc nu c th, gii hn vng ph tn hiu gy nhiu bng cch gim Tilt anten ca cell xung. 5. Vn chuyn giao ? - Kim tra neighbor vi Mapinfo. Kim tra tt c cc tham s chuyn giao trong RNO, phn tch d liu o kim v quyt nh thm bt neighbor, tinh chnh d tr chuyn giao. 6. Vng ph i xa qu hay trng lp vng ph ? - Kim tra thng s anten. Phn tch d liu o kim cn thn. Xc nh Timing Advance, mc thu, cht lng thu t cc bo co ca RNO. Sau ch thc hin gim Tilt anten, quay hng anten, hay gim cao anten. 2.3. Gii Thiu Cc KPIs V Tuyn Chnh 2.3.1. SDCCH Congestion rate (T l nghn knh SDCCH) T l ca knh SDCCH khng c n nh trong sut qu trnh thit lp lin kt v tuyn do nghn trn giao din v tuyn. Nghn SDCCH c th nh hng n cm nhn khch hng nh sau: o Khng thit lp c cuc gi nu sau 3 ln nghn lin tc. o Nu khng, thi gian thit lp cuc gi b ko di khng nh mong i. T l nghn SDCCH khuyn ngh nh hn 5%. 2.3.2. SDCCH drop rate (T l rt knh SDCCH) T l knh SDCCH b rt. SDCCH rt lm cuc gi khng c tht lp thnh cng. T l SDCCH drop khuyn ngh nh hn 4%, tuy nhin trong khu vc mt trm cao, t l SDCCH Drop nn nh hn 1%. Thng thng t l SDCCH yu cu nh hn t l cuc gi b rt do thi gian chim dng ca

14

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

thu bao trn knh SDCCH (thng km hn 5s) nh hn thi gian chim dng trn knh TCH (khong vi chc giy). 2.3.3. TCH assign unsuccess rate (T l n nh knh TCH khng thnh cng) T l chim knh lu lng khng thnh cng cho mch ch n nh bnh thng. Thng thng do nghn knh lu lng hay do vn v tuyn hoc BSS. T l n nh knh lu lng khng thnh cng khuyn ngh nh hn 3%, tuy nhin trong khu vc mt trm cao, t l ny nn nh hn 1%. 2.3.4. TCH congestion rate (T l nghn knh lu lng TCH mc nghn v tuyn) Th hin s lng hay t l cc cell b nghn thng xuyn. KPI ny dng qun l t l phn trm mng b nghn, thng thng t l nghn knh lu lng TCH cho php 2%. Nghn TCH nh hng n cm nhn khch hng l thit lp cuc gi b tht bi. 2.3.5. Call drop rate (T l rt cuc gi) T l cc cuc gi b rt (do h thng BSS, v tuyn hay rt do chuyn giao) trn tng s cuc gi kt thc thnh cng. y l KPI quan trng nht, c s dng vi t l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng so snh vi cc mng di ng mt t khc. KPI ny nh hng n khch hng chnh l cm nhn cuc gi b rt. T l rt cuc gi khuyn ngh nh hn 4%, tuy nhin trong khu vc mt trm cao, t l CDR nn thp hn 2%, thm ch nh hn 1% hay thp hn trong trng hp c s dng nhy tn chm. 2.3.6. Call setup success rate (T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng) T l cc cuc gi c thc hin cho n khi n nh TCH thnh cng m khng b ngt do rt SDCCH hay do n nh tht bi. y l KPI quan trng th 2 sau t l rt cuc gi, n c dng so snh vi cc mng di ng mt t khc. KPI ny th hin n khch hng l cuc gi khng c thit lp n lc u tin. T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng khuyn ngh > 95%, tuy nhin trong khu vc mt trm cao, t l ny nn ln hn 98%. T l nghn knh SDCCH cng nn c quan tm c ci nhn ton din v thit lp cuc gi. 2.3.7. Call success rate (T l cuc gi thnh cng) T l cc cuc gi c thc hin cho n khi gii phng m khng b ngt do rt knh SDCCH, hay do n nh tht bi hay cuc gi b rt. 15

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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T l cuc gi thnh cng khuyn ngh < 92%, tuy nhin trong khu vc mt trm cao, t l cuc gi thnh cng nn ln hn 97%. 2.3.8. Outgoing handover success rate (T l chuyn giao ra thnh cng) Th hin t l chuyn giao SDCCH v TCH ra ngoi thnh cng t mt cell n cc cell ln cn ca n (cng BSS hay khc BSS). T l chuyn giao ra ngoi thnh cng khuyn ngh > 90%. 2.3.9. Incoming handover success rate (T l chuyn giao vo thnh cng) Th hin t l chuyn giao SDCCH v TCH thnh cng n mt cell t cc cell ln cn ca n (cng BSS hay khc BSS). T l chuyn giao vo thnh cng khuyn ngh > 90%. 2.4. Ngun ThngTin Phn Tch, Ti u Mng 2.4.1. Thng tin gim st cht lng dch v mng, ti lu lng BSS Gim st cht lng dch v BSS nh ngha Gim st ng ngha phi o lng, nh gi hay m bo cht lng mng. Mng y bao gm phn BSS hay BSS v NSS, hoc bao gm c phn BSS, NSS, PSTN, Cht lng l dch v u cui ngi dng v cht lng k thut ca h thng S dng d liu gim st cht lng dch v: D liu c chia lm 3 mc bo co: i qun l: Dng d liu so snh cht lng dch v mng vi i th khc v lp k hoch ci thin cht lng mng. i qun l phi c ci nhn tng qut cht lng dch v mng hng thng (thnh thong hng tun). i ti u v tuyn: Da vo d lu pht hin cc khu vc cht lng dch v km trong mng quyt nh thay i v thc hin ci thin cht lng dch v. i ti u v tuyn phi nm chi tit trng thi v s thay i, tin trin ca cht lng dch v mc BSS v mc cell (thnh thong mc TRX) hng tun, hng ngy (i khi hng gi). i gim st v bo dng: C chc nng pht hin v nhn din cc phn t mng c kh nng lm suy gim nghim trng cht lng dch v. i gim st v bo dng phi nm chi tit trng thi cht lng dch v mc cell v mc TRX hng gi. Gim st ti lu lng ca BSS.

16

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

nh ngha: o c s lng lu lng c c x l qua mng, BSCs, Cells. Phn tch cc c tnh lu lng nh cuc gi, chuyn giao, cp nht v tr,dng nh c cu trc mng. 2.4.2. Cc ngun thng tin gi tr Cc phng tin gim st: C nhiu cch khc nhau gim st, o c mng GSM. D liu cht lng dch v QoS c th c xy dng t cc ngun thng tin khc nhau v b sung ln nhau nh: Cc b m OMC_R c ly t h thng BSS. Cc bn tin bo hiu c cung cp t cc my o giao thc trn cc giao din khc nhau: giao din v tuyn (Air), Abis, A (hay Ater).

Ngun thng tin giao din A: S dng cc my phn tch giao thc (nh Wandel, Tektronix, NetHawk ) bt, gii m bo hiu gia MSC v BSCTranscoder (giao din A hay Ater). u im: y l giao din c chun ho trong GSM nn c th s dng tu gia cc nh sn xut. Bn tin cha y ni dung thng tin, thi gian. C th pht hin cc vn li do user/MS/BSS hay NSS. Nhc im: Chi ph thit b cao. Tn nhiu thi gian lp t thit b, phn tch file. Phi thnh tho, tinh thng cho vic phn tch bn tin. S lng COCs bt bo hiu ti cng thi im t. Kch thc file d liu o c ln (>> 10 Mbytes/hour/BSC). Thun li chnh ca o kim giao din A l cho php pht hin thit lp cuc gi tht bi do user hay do NSS. Vi nguyn nhn tht bi do user nh: IMSI Unknown trong VLR/HLR, IMEI khng c chp nhn, PLMN khng cho php, 17

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

dch v yu cu khng c cung cp, user bn, nh dng s khng c gi tr, Vi nguyn nhn tht bi do NSS nh: ti nguyn khng m bo, thit b chuyn mng nghn, li giao thc, 2.4.2.1. Ngun thng tin giao din Abis: S dng cc my phn tch giao thc (nh Wandel, Tektronix, NetHawk) bt, gii m bo hiu gia BSC v BTS u im: Bn tin cha y ni dung thng tin, thi gian. C th pht hin cc vn li do user/MS/BSS hay NSS. o c ng ln v ng xung. Nhc im: Chi ph thit b cao. Tn nhiu thi gian lp t thit b, phn tch file. Phi thnh tho, tinh thng cho vin phn tch bn tin. S lng tuyn bo hiu v tuyn (RSL), s lng cell bt bn tin o ti cng thi im thp. Kch thc file d liu o c ln (>> 10 Mbytes/hour/BSC). Thun li chnh ca phn tch bn tin Abis l cho php nh gi chi tit v chnh xc cht lng v tuyn ca mt cell mc TRX. C th quan st v so snh c cho c ng ln v ng xung. 2.4.2.2. Ngun thng tin giao din v tuyn: S dng thit b o MS bt bo hiu v cc c im ca tn hiu. u im: a ra v tr chnh xc ca cc khu vc li. Cung cp cc thng tin v tuyn ng xung. L cch duy nht xc nh khu vc vng ph km. L cch duy nht gim st cc i th. Nhc im: Chi ph thit b cao. Tn rt nhiu thi gian. Kh khn c th thc hin nhiu cuc gi. Khng c thng tin ng ln. Thun li chnh ca kt qu phn tch o c trn giao din v tuyn l s kt hp gia kt qu o c cht lng v tuyn v khu vc a l ca mng. 2.4.2.3. Cc b m o c c tnh mng: m cc s kin c nhn thy bi h thng, gi tr thng tin c bo co nh k 1 gi.

18

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

u im: Chi ph thp: Thu thp trc tip t h thng OMC. C th lu cc b m cho ton b mng Nhc im: Thng tin th, kh c th hiu. Ph thuc vo nh sn xut thit b Li im chnh ca cc b m BSS l d liu c lu tr nhiu ngy, cung cp d liu cht lng dch v mt cch d dng gim st cht lng dch v lu di. 2.4.3. Gii thiu thit b o cht lng mng v tuyn GSM (Tems Investigation) 2.4.3.1. Gii thiu thit b o TEMS Investigation Thit b o TEMS Investigation l cng c o kim nh gi thi gian thc cc thng s phn nh cht lng mng di ng qua giao din v tuyn. N cho php ta theo di c knh thoi hay knh d liu qua GPRS. Do d liu hin th dng thi gian thc nn n h tr rt tt cho vic pht hin s c, ti u ho mng. Cc d liu cng c th c ghi li phc v cho vic phn tch nh gi v sau.

2.4.3.2. Driving Test (DT) v mc ch ca vic DT Driving Test l phng php o kim s dng phng tin di chuyn (thng l t) thu thp cc kt qu o kt hp vi to im o. Mc ch vic DT trong mng di ng : - Kim tra cc thng s ca trm BTS theo thit k v tuyn: tn s BCCH, TCH, BSIC, Neighbour, LAC, RAC,

19

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

- o kim cc thng s phn nh cht lng mng (RxLevel, RxQuality, CSSR, CDR, HO_SR) - Kim tra hot ng, vng ph ca trm BTS. nh gi, kim tra nhiu. - Cung cp d liu logfile cho nhm ti u mng phn tch, nh gi cht lng mng, pht hin c cc vn ca mng v a ra cc khuyn ngh thay i ci thin cht lng mng. 2.4.3.3. Cc bc chun b trc khi DT - Chun b tuyn ng: Lp k hoch tuyn ng cn o, tuyn ng i trong vng cn o kim phi c gi nguyn qua cc ln o m bo kt qu o phn nh s ci thin hay s suy gim ca cht lng mng. - Kim tra cc thit b ca b o Tems gm mt Laptop, mt ngun d tr UPS (hoc b chuyn i 12 VDC -> 220 VAC s dng ngung acqui trn t), my o Tems Investigation, cng chuyn i COM a d liu o c vo my tnh, GPS, anten ngoi. - Chun b y v chnh xc c s d liu trm nh to , tn s, neighbours, hng anten,... - Cc yu cu khc: m bo cho d liu o t c kt qu chnh xc nht vi thc t th MS phi c t v tr c nh, cc thit b khc t gn gng, thun tin nht. - S kt ni thit b o:

GPS

20

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

- Trong qu trnh o kim cn ghi ch cc trng hp li thit b v cc s kin khng bnh thng khc (nh sai to trm, u ni anten feeder sai,) v thng bo cho cc nhm x l tng ng. 2.4.3.4 Cc ch o trong Tems Investigation GSM C 5 ch o trong Tems Investigation GSM: Ch o bnh thng Normal Mode. Ch o qut tn s Frequency Scanning: Dng qut mt di tn s theo yu cu. Ch o qut nhiu Interference Scanning: Dng qut tn s gy nhiu ti khu vc nghi ng. Ch o qut nhiu knh ln cn C/A Scanning: Dng o c cng trng ca cc knh ln cn. Ch o qut danh sch Neighbor List Scanning: Dng qut cc neighbours cho mc ch xc nh, b sung cc neighbour thiu. 2.4.4. Gii thiu thit b o giao thc NetHawk M5 s dng NetHawk M5 cn: Mt my tnh. Phn mm NetHawk. License. Thit b tng thch giao din NetHawk cho my tnh. Cp NetHawk. 2.4.4.1 Thit lp kt ni bt c bo hiu t ng truyn n ng dng gim st giao thc cn thc hin: u ni vt l cp kt ni gia thit b tng thch NetHawk v mng. Trong trng hp s dng card N2, kt ni c m t nh hnh v sau:

21

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner


V d: gim st E1/T1/JT1 s dng u ni song song.

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

trnh suy hao, mo, v nhiu nn s dng cp cng ngn cng tt.

Khi thc hin gim st ng E1/T1/JT1, ni N5 ti ng dy bng vic s dng cc kt ni song song. Thng thng cc im gim st kt ni trc c s dng. Thit lp cu hnh tng thch: Chn loi giao tip t Tools > Adapter options (PCM cho cc giao tip 2G, ATM cho cc giao tip 3G); Chn ch tng ng gia E1 v T1 trong trng hp chn loi giao tip PCM. Kim tra trng thi ng dy v cc kt ni cp t menu Tools > State Monitor. Ci t cu hnh kt ni: trn menu Tools, chn Connection Configuration. Thc hin cc thao tc sau th Configuration Content ca ca s Connection Configuration: Nu bit cc yu cu thit lp kt ni, nhp cc tham s vo Trng hp khng bit cc yu cu thit lp kt ni, s dng b qut tm tham s cho kt ni. Sau khi ci t xong cu hnh, chn OK xc nhn cu hnh. Chn giao thc gim st t menu Application > Protocol Monitor. Chn kt ni o kim: hin th lu lng kt ni, chn kt ni c hin th bn tri th Online Configuration. Thc hin theo mt trong cc bc sau: Ko v th kt ni t th Online Configuration n ca s gim st giao thc Protocol Monitor Window. Click Protocol Monitor Window chn, v double-click kt ni mun chn. 22

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Trn thanh trng thi Status Bar ca Protocol Monitor, kim tra trng thi ca b ch th thu (Receive). Nu mu xanh th ch th ang thu d liu t ng dy. Mu nu ch th d liu cha c thu. thu d liu t ng dy, double-click b ch th thu hoc bm Space trn bn phm. Trn thanh trng thi Status Bar ca Protocol Monitor, kim tra trng thi ca b ch th phn tch (Analyse). Nu mu xanh th hin d liu ang phn tch v hin th lu lng thi gian thc. Mu nu th hin trng thi phn tch khng hot ng v khng hin th lu lng thi gian thc. bt u phn tch, double-click b ch th phn tch hoc bm F12 trn bn phm. 2.4.4.2 Cc ng dng NetHawk M5 Nethawk M5 c th thc hin gim st, phn tch, s dng cc ng dng ch trc tuyn hay khng trc tuyn cng lc. NetHawk M5 c cc ng dng sau: Gim st giao thc: Vi ng dng ny, cc bn tin bo hiu qua li c th c phn tch chi tit hn. Ca s Single Line Decoding view cho ci nhn tng quan bng cch th hin thng tin s kin v ni dung giao thc trn mt dng. Ca s Detailed Decoding view hin th ton b bo hiu. Ngoi ra, kh nng lc gip tp trung gim st d liu thit yu nht.

Single-Line Decoding view

Detailed Decoding view

Phn tch cuc gi v phin truyn d liu: y l ng dng g ri chnh, cc cuc gi c gim st thi gian thc qua cc giao din Abis, Ater, A, Gb,... ng dng ny c th nhn qua mt cch nhanh chng xem ni no ang c vn trong qu trnh hot ng. Thoi ca cc cuc gi chuyn mch mch cn quan

23

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

tm t cc giao din A, Ater c th c ghi li (.wav) hay nghe trc tip t loa my tnh.

Thng k cuc gi v phin lm vic: ng dng ny cung cp thng tin cn thit trn ton b cht lng mng. N thng k cc bo hiu t cc giao din abis, A, Gb, MAP v ISUP,Tnh nng ny hin th cc thng tin cuc gi v phin lm vic nh KPIs, phn b li, l do litrong nh dng ho.

o c ti u v tuyn (ROM: radio optimisation measurements): Tnh nng ny cung cp cc thng tin quan trng nh cng sut thu, cng sut pht, BLER, 24

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

BER, t s tn hiu trn nhiu, cho mc ch phn tch iu khin cng sut, cht lng v nhiu ca giao din v tuyn.

Lu gi c s d liu: D liu o, KPIs,cng c th c lu n c s d liu SQL, file .rec cho mc ch phn tch thng k su hn vi ng dng th 3 khc. 2.5. Cc Vn V Tuyn Tiu Biu 2.5.1. Vn vng ph 2.5.1.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu vn vng ph nh ngha: vng ph km l mng hay cell c mc tn hiu thu v cht lng thu km cng khu vc ti cng thi im. Cc du hiu: Khch hng phn nh rt cuc gi hay mt sng. Cc b ch th cht lng dch v ca h thng OMC: T l TCH tht bi cao. T l rt cuc gi cao. T l chuyn giao do nguyn nhn better cell HO thp so vi t l chuyn giao Emergency HO. T l chuyn giao do DL quality HO cao.

25

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Cc b ch th giao din A T l bn tin Clear Request cao, nguyn nhn tht bi giao din v tuyn. 2.5.1.2. Phn tch, kim tra, nh gi vn vng ph Ph thuc vo ngun thng tin chng ta c: Cc thng k o c v tuyn: Ma trn (RxLevel, RxQuality). Cc b m lin kt v tuyn. S cuc gi vi vng ph DL/UL km (RxLev km, RxQual km) Giao din Abis: Cht lng km > 5%. Mc tn hiu thu km (RxLev <-95dBm) v cht lng thu RxQual > 4. Thng k t OMC_R hay giao din A: Lu lng cao t xut do cuc gi lp li Thng tin t h thng cc: Pht hin t l cuc gi gi li cao. 2.5.1.3. Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu ca vn vng ph Nu vng ph tht s khng nh m phng bi cc cng c hoch nh mng v tuyn: Kim tra h thng anten. Tng hay ngng gc down-tilt anten. Kim tra cng sut pht ti a BTS Nu vng ph tht s nh m phng: Lu lng indoor c iu khin bi cc phng c bit. Nu im lm gn bin cell, xo chuyn giao ra ngoi. 2.5.2. Vn nhiu 2.5.2.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu ca nhiu nh ngha: Mt mng i mt cc vn nhiu khi c mc tn hiu thu tt v cht lng thu (RxQual) km cng khu vc ti cng thi im. Cc du hiu: Khch hng phn nh cht lng thoi km (cuc gi nhiu) hay rt cuc gi. Cc b ch th cht lng dch v ca h thng OMC: Rt SDCCH/TCH. T l chuyn giao do better cell HO thp. T l chuyn giao do DL/UL quality v chuyn giao do nhiu cao. 26

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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T l chuyn giao thnh cng thp. Cc b ch th giao din A T l bn tin clear request cao, nguyn nhn tht bi giao din v tuyn. 2.5.2.2. Phn tch, kim tra, nh gi vn nhiu Vic phn tch, nh gi nhiu da vo cc thng k o c v tuyn RMS. RMS c thit k gip cho vic hoch nh v ti u c d dng hn bng vic cung cp cc thng k trn cc bo co o c v tuyn. RMS cung cp cc thng k mc TRX/Cell qua cng c h tr phn tch ti u v tuyn RNO. Cc thng k h tr phn tch nhiu nh: Ma trn phn b mc cht lng v tn hiu (RxQual/RxLev). Ma trn phn b t l xa khung lin tc so vi mc tn hiu (CFE/RxLev). Thng k v mc tn hiu trn nhiu (C/I) ca cc neighbour. Thng k v mc tn hiu trn nhiu ca cc tn s MAFA (MAFA l tnh nng mi cho cc thit b MS ca GSM, cc MAFA MS c th o c tn hiu trn nhiu (C/I) ca cc tn s (cell) khng phi l neighbour). S cuc gi vi nhiu ng ln hay ng xung. (tn hiu tt, cht lng km). S cuc gi b tp m (cht lng km) vi cht lng thoi km. T l s dng cc m ho AMR tc thp cng th hin cc vn nhiu. Tuy nhin, vic nh gi ny cn cn thn do ph thuc vo la chn cc gi tr ngng c s dng cho vic thay i gia cc tc m. 2.5.2.3. Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu ca nhiu Nhiu bi h thng GSM: Nhiu ng knh: Nu tn hiu cng knh khng mong mun (ngun nhiu) nh hn tn hiu c ch 12dB (C/I 12) th c kh nng gy nhiu (vi GSM l 9dB). Du hiu nhiu ng knh lun lun l nhiu ng xung, t l chuyn giao do quality cao, t l rt cuc gi hay n nh knh TCH tht bi cao. x l cn gim gc ngng ngun nhiu, thm ch thay i hng ca anten, gim cng sut pht ca BTS hay thay i tn s.

27

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner Nhiu knh k: Nu tn hiu knh k khng mong mun (ngun nhiu) ln hn 6dB so vi tn hiu mong mun (C/A -6) th c kh nng gy nhiu (vi GSM l 9dB).

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Du hiu nhiu knh k lun lun l nhiu ng xung, t l chuyn giao do quality cao, t l rt cuc gi hay n nh knh TCH tht bi cao. x l cn gim gc ngng ngun nhiu, thm ch thay i hng ca anten, gim cng sut pht ca BTS hay thay i tn s. Nhiu do s dng tnh nng Forced Directed Retry: Thut ton FDR cho php MS kt ni trn SDCCH ca mt cell m khng c ti nguyn TCH ri v thc hin chuyn giao SDCCH-TCH chim mt knh TCH trn neighbour ca n. Tuy nhin vic s dng tnh nng FDR s lm MS kt ni n cell khng phi vng phc v ca n s lm ph v hoch nh tn s v lm tng nguy c cuc gi b nhiu v cht lng ti. Nhiu t h thng khng phi GSM: Nhiu bi cc mng di ng khc nh CDMA, TACS, AMPS, NMT900. Nhiu bi cc ngun tn s v tuyn khc nh cc h thng radar, thit b chng trm, thit b y t,. 2.5.3. Vn khng cn bng d tr cng sut 2.5.3.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu khng cn bng d tr cng sut nh ngha: Mt Cell c xem l khng cn bng d tr cng sut khi suy hao ng truyn gia ng ln v ng xung chnh lch ln. Do , nn gim ti a c th chnh lch suy hao ng truyn gia ng ln v ng xung trnh trng hp truy cp mng 1 chiu (thng thng hng xung t BTS n MS th tt, hng ngc li MS n BTS khng tt). Cc du hiu: Cc b ch th cht lng dch v OMC: T l nguyn nhn chuyn giao UL do quality cao. T l thnh cng chuyn giao vo (incoming HO) thp (yu cu truy cp chuyn giao (HO access) khng n c BTS ng ln). Cc b ch th giao din A: T l bn tin yu cu xa knh (clear request) cao do li giao din v tuyn. 28

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner Cc cnh bo O&M: Cnh bo t s sng ng (VSWR).

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2.5.3.2. Phn tch, kim tra, nh gi vn mt cn bng d tr cng sut Da vo thng tin thng k o c v tuyn nh: Vector cn bng ng truyn trn mi b thu pht (TRX). S cuc gi vi t l li khung (FER) km bt bnh thng (cht lng thu tt trong khi t l li khung km). Da vo gim st trn Abis: Chnh lch suy hao ng truyn ln hn 5dB. Kim tra xem vn xy ra trn 1 b thu pht (TRX) hay trn tt c cc b thu pht. 2.5.3.3. Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu ca vn khng cn bng d tr cng sut Do li Anten, feeder, jumper hay cc thnh phn thit b chung nh ANX, ANC khi vn xy ra vi tt c cc b thu pht ca Cell. Nu vn xy ra i vi 1 b thu pht th do li cp RF, hay b thu pht, hoc b khuch i tp m thp, 2.5.4. Vn nghn knh lu lng TCH 2.5.4.1. nh ngha v cc du hiu nghn knh lu lng TCH nh ngha: Mt cell c xem l nghn TCH khi t l nghn TCH (trong qu trnh n nh TCH) th qu cao (ln hn 2%). trnh trng hp nghn TCH, cn phi thit k sao cho s lng ti nguyn (nng cp TRX) p ng c lu lng yu cu ca khch hng (traffic offered). Cc du hiu: Khch hng phn nh mng bn (network busy). Cc b ch th cht lng dch v OMC: T l nghn TCH cao. T l chuyn giao vo thnh cng thp (chuyn giao cng BSC hay khc BSC) do khng cn ti nguyn TCH chuyn giao vo. T l Directed Retry cao nu tnh nng ny c s dng. Cc b ch th giao din A: T l bn tin n nh tht bi cao do khng c ti nguyn v tuyn. 2.5.4.2. Phn tch, kim tra, nh gi vn nghn TCH kim tra nghn TCH, cn phi xem xt trn mi cell. Kim tra, nh gi xu hng ca t l nghn TCH hng ngy v cn phi c cc d bo cho vic pht trin lu lng trong tng lai v cc s kin c bit. 29

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2.5.4.3.

Cc nguyn nhn tiu biu gy nghn TCH Cc s kin c bit: o C th d bo c nh cc trn bng , cc cuc hp quan trng, cc chng trnh ca nhc,...Gii php cho cc s kin ny l nng cp cu hnh trm (thm TRX), s dng cc trm BTS lu ng. o Khng th d bo c nh cc v tai nn t trn ng cao tc. Cc vn nh k hng ngy: ti nguyn Cell khng c nh c ng nn gy nghn lc cao im. Gii php cho vn ny nh sau: o Gii php cng: S dng bng Erlang B tnh ton s knh TCH yu cu (vi t l nghn cho php GoS = 2%). B sung TRX, nng cp cu hnh trm. B sung trm mi chia ti, m rng t BTS (master/slaver), hay ng dng trm Concentric. o Gii php mm: S dng cc tnh nng c bit nh: S dng knh bn tc. Forced Directed Retry. Chuyn giao lu lng. Chuyn giao lu lng nhanh.

2.6. Cc Vn Li Cuc Gi Tiu Biu Cc trng thi cuc gi c chia lm 4 qu trnh nh sau: 2.6.1. Qu trnh thit lp ng truyn v tuyn Lu c bn pha thit lp ng truyn v tuyn (i vi cuc gi n) nh sau:

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Cc trng hp li tiu biu ca qu trnh thit lp ng truyn v tuyn: Nghn knh SDCCH. n nh SDCCH tht bi do cc vn v tuyn. 2.6.1.1. Nghn knh SDCCH

Trong trng hp nghn knh SDCCH, MS s t ng lp li yu cu ca n. Sau max_retrans + 1 ln yu cu tht bi, MS hoc s c gng t ng la chn li cell hoc khng lm g c. Trong trng hp cp nht v tr, MS s c gng yu cu cp nht v tr mi. Cc nguyn nhn ch yu gy nghn SDCCH SDCCH nghn cao do lu lng ca thu bao ln (lu lng cuc gi hay cp nht v tr). Gii php cho vn ny l tng cu hnh, 31

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tng trm (cho trng hp nhiu cuc gi), hay thit k li vng nh v (cho trng hp c nhiu cp nht v tr). Nghn SDCCH cao quan st c cc thi im khc thng ca ngy thi gian cao im ca cc yu cu cp nht v tr c to ra bi mt nhm ln thu bao vo vng nh v mi ti cng thi im (nh trm xe but, xe la hay cng hng khng). Gii php cho vn ny l thit k li vng nh v hay ti u li cc tham s v tuyn. Nghn SDCCH quan st thy khng bnh thng (thiu lu lng MS tht s) trong trng hp nhiu cao hay gn my pht khng phi my pht v tuyn GSM. gii php cho vn ny l thay i tn s BCCH hay lp thm b lc thu. Mt cell b nghn SDCCH khng bnh thng trong trng hp mt trong cc cell ln cn ca n b cm cuc gi. Gii php cho vn ny l g b cc tnh trng b cm ca cell neighbour ln cn. Gii php n nh knh SDCCH ng nhm gim nghn SDCCH. Vic khai bo qu nhiu knh SDCCH s lm gim ti nguyn knh lu lng TCH v doanh thu. Nu qu t knh SDCCH, kt qu s lm nghn knh SDCCH, knh TCH khng th c n nh, v iu ny cng lm gim li nhun ca nh khai thc. OMC_R cho php khai bo cc timeslot SDCCH tnh iu khin lu lng SDCCH bnh thng, v cc timeslot SDCCH ng c th c s dng nh knh lu lng thoi TCH hay knh lu lng SDCCH ph thuc vo yu cu. Tnh nng ny khng ch ci thin nghn SDCCH m cn ci thin t l n nh TCH thnh cng.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner 2.6.1.2. Li v tuyn khi n nh knh SDCCH Cc nguyn nhn ch yu: -

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d tr cng sut Uplink v Downlink khng cn bng.

Vng ph km:

Vn nhiu:

Vn Ghost RACH: do gii m khng thnh cng bn tin yu cu knh (do nhiu) hay cc cell gn nhau c cng tn s BCCH v BSIC (NCC, BCC) nn yu cu knh c nhn nhng khng cp knh xung c ng thu bao yu cu.

2.6.2. Qu trnh SDCCH Vic rt kt ni trong sut qu trnh SDCCH gi l rt SDCCH. Cc nguyn nhn chnh lm rt SDCCH: - Rt knh SDCCH do vn v tuyn: cc vn v tuyn c th do vng ph, nhiu v thnh thong do cc hot ng bt thng ca BSS (li khng c pht hin nh mt cnh bo bi ng dng qun l li vn hnh v khai thc).

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- Rt knh SDCCH do vn BSS (thit b): Li BSS c th l li phn cng hay phn mm BTS/BSC, ngoi ra cng c th do vn trn giao din Abis (chng hn do li truyn dn vi ba). - Cuc gi SDCCH b rt trong qu trnh chuyn giao knh SDCCH (chuyn giao khng thnh cng m khng tr v li knh c). Nhn chung chuyn giao SDCCH khng c s dng trong mng khi thi gian chim gi knh SDCCH trung bnh ch khong 2 n 3 giy. 2.6.3. Qu trnnh n nh knh lu lng TCH Cc nguyn nhn ch yu gy li trong qu trnh n nh knh TCH: - Nghn knh TCH: Mt s nguyn nhn gy nghn nh hng i y; khng cn ti nguyn Abis, TCH; cc yu cu TCH b loi b bi hng i do c yu cu c u tin cao hn ang i. - Li do v tuyn: Trong trng hp truy cp TCH li, MS s c gng bt li knh SDCCH, nh vy c th MS s bt li knh SDCCH thnh cng hoc vic thit lp cuc gi tht bi. - Do vn BSS: Vic n nh TCH c th tht bi do li trn Abis hoc do li phn cng hay phn mm ca BTS, BSC. 2.6.4 Qu trnh TCH

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Qu trnh thit lp cuc gi v qu trnh n nh cuc gi th khng tng ng vi nhau gia phn BSS v NSS. BSS, cuc gi c thit lp khi MS truy nhp thnh cng knh TCH trn giao din v tuyn. Trong khi NSS, cuc gi c thit lp khi d liu thoi bt u c chuyn mch gia hai u cui. Do phn BSS qu trnh thit lp cuc gi th ngn hn v thi gian cuc gi th di hn phn NSS, do t l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng NSS th ti v t l rt cuc gi th ti BSS. Cc nguyn nhn gy li trong qu trnh cuc gi TCH: Rt do v tuyn: cc vn v tuyn c th do vng ph, nhiu hoc thnh thong do BSS hot ng bt thng m khng c pht hin nh mt cnh bo h thng bi ng dng qun l li vn hnh v khai thc. Rt do vn b m ho u xa (remote Transcoder): Vn ny lun lun bi cht lng km ca truyn dn trn giao din Abis (vi ba) hay mt thnh phn phn cng trn Transcoder b li, hoc thm ch i khi cng l do cc vn phn mm, phn cng BSS. Rt do cc do vn bn trong BSS: Vn xy ra c th do li phn cng hoc phn mm ca BTS hay BSC. Rt do qu trnh chuyn giao: S kin ny xy ra khi chuyn giao ra ngoi b li (khng thnh cng) m khng bt tr v li knh TCH c. 2.7. Cc D Liu Thng K, Phn Tch, Ti u C Bn 2.7.1. Lu Lng v Vn nh C Vic o c v nh gi lu lng knh TCH v SDCCH l ht sc cn thit. Ti nh trong gi cao im c dng trong nh c. nh c cho 1 mng GSM l a ra s knh lu lng thch hp phc v mt s thu bao no . Lu lng ca 1 knh chnh l khong thi gian chim gi knh trong 1 gi. 1 Erlang c th hiu l 1 knh b chim trong sut 1 gi. Lu lng ca mi thu bao c nh ngha bng t l gi Calling Rate v thi gian trung bnh ko di m thoi Mean Conversation Holding Time. Gi tr in hnh khong 15 n 20 mE cho mi thu bao. S knh cn h tr cho lu lng cho trc (thc t ang dng) c tnh ton da vo cng thc (bng) Erlang B. Cng thc ny phi tha mn cc gi nh: Khng c hng i S thu bao tng ng vi s knh yu cu. Khng c knh lu lng no dng cho d tr. Lu lng phn b bnh thng. Khng tnh n cc cuc gi b kha. Lu : Nu khng c nghn hoc nghn t th cng thc Erlang B coi nh b sung c lng dung lng v nghn ti a cho cell. 35

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2.7.1.1. Lu Lng SDCCH v Vn nh C Khng nghn: Nu c SDCCH v TCH u khng nghn th cu hnh ca SDCCH xem nh n. Tuy nhin, cn lu ti Paging khi s dng cu hnh knh SDCCH kt hp (SDCCH combined). Khuyn ngh chung l dng knh SDCCH khng kt hp (SDCCH non_combined). Vic nh c cell nn d phng cho kh nng tng lu lng trong tng lai. Nghn: Cu hnh ti u l c nhiu Time Slot dnh cho TCHs nht min sao GoS ca SDCCH khng vt qu GoS ca TCH. Kim tra: S knh SDCCHs c n nh trong cell. Cu hnh SDCCH. SDCCH Mean Holding Time: Sau y l mt s gi tr MHT ph bin ca SDCCH (n v giy): Call Set up : 2.5 Locatin Updating ( automatic ) : 3.5 Location Updating ( Periodic ) : 3.5 IMSI attach : 3.5 IMSI detach : 3.0 Tin nhn SMS : 6.5 Dch v cng thm : 2.5 C th tham kho khi phn tch nghn knh SDCCH ca 1 cell. Kim tra MHT c bnh thng khng. Nu MHT ko di qu lu : Kim tra c nghn knh TCH khng. Nu c, phi tin hnh tng cu hnh cho cell. S tin nhn tng : nu cu hnh hin ti khng m bo th phi tng cu hnh cho SDCCH. Tuy nhin, t gp trng hp ny. Nghn trn tuyn bo hiu: kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca tuyn bo hiu v dung lng bo hiu c hay khng (t OMC-R). Nu thiu th ngh tng thm lung. Li phn cng: do phn cng b li ( phn bo hiu) nn khng gii phng knh bo hiu. Thng th cho reset cc cell ny. Lu Lng TCH v Vn nh C : Khi dung lng tng, nn thc hin kim tra: S TRX ang c khai bo v s TRX ang hot ng thc s. C cn m rng t cha thit b hay khng? Nu c, c khng gian thm hay khng? 36

2.7.1.2

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C cn b sung thm sector hay khng ? C cn thm trm mi hay khng ? Kim tra cc tuyn truyn dn vi ba,.. Ngoi ra cng nn kh nng tng thm lung truyn dn, cc b thu pht nu cn. Lu lng TCH thp: Thng th lu lng ca mt cell thp khng phi l du hiu cho bit cell c nhiu li. Tuy nhin, nu khu vc thnh th, dn c ng m lu lng li thp, hoc lu lng ang cao trong mt thi gian li gim xung ng k th nn kim tra cell . C th ly danh sch cc cells c lu lng thp nht trong cluster ca mnh qua WCL Report trn RNO. Cc trng hp lu lng thp (hay dao ng bt thng): Site c t phc v nhng dp c bit nh hi ch trin lm, sn vn ng, cha chin, du lch theo maDo , vo nhng ngy khng c l hi th lu lng thp l bnh thng. Ngc li, cng nn d phng mt cu hnh hp l phng trng hp nghn qu cao. Nu site c t vng nng thn t dn c khng c lu lng hoc lu lng thp: thng th khng cn kim tra li ca cell ( nu nm r a hnh vng ), tuy nhin nn xem li hng ca anten (c quay ra vng ng trng, rng, ) Nu s neighbours qu t, nn kim tra danh sch neighbours v tin hnh thm bt neighbours hp l, kim tra li vic khai neighbours c hai hng,.. Sau khi kim tra cc kh nng trn u n, s kim tra n cc kh nng sau : Phn cng b li: nu cm thy lu lng cell bt thng, nn kim tra s TCHs ang c v s knh TCHs ang hot ng bnh thng (s dng b ch th trong RNO: RTCH available number). Ngoi ra cng nn kim tra log file ca trm c n khng. Nu pht hin li phn cng c th cho tin hnh reset card thit b hoc thay card tng ng. Li ci t : thng gp cc trm mi tch hp pht sng (BSC khng nhn dng c trm: thu bao khng thc hin cuc gi c nn lu lng ng nhin gim hn) hay do site c chuyn sang BSC khc nhng cha khai bo li d liu trn h thng. Vic xc nh nguyn nhn rt phc tp, thng l thc hin Reset card ti BSC, hay reset cng ti trm, khai bo li d liu trn h thng Li lp t: vic lp anten khng ng mc ch ph cng c th gy lu lng thp.

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Gi tr cc tham s cell khng ng : trng hp ny t xy ra v thng th cc gi tr ny c khai bo gi tr mc nh. Tuy nhin, nu nghi ng c th ly cc gi tr cc tham s ca cell c s c so snh vi cell ang hot ng tt tm li. RTCH Mean Holding Time : Mean Holding Time ngn: thng c cc microcell hay cc cells gn ng cao tc. Tuy nhin, nu nghi ng gi tr ny khng bnh thng, c th kim tra: S Call Drop ca cells. S chuyn giao ra khi cell c nhiu khng, do Rx_level hay Rx_qual hay cc gi tr tham s chuyn giao cha ng. S chuyn giao bn trong cell c nhiu khng. Thng th nu nhiu l do nhiu. Cui cng l thit b hot ng bnh thng khng. Mean Holding Time qu di: C th xy ra cc kh nng sau Thu bao treo my : Kim tra thi gian gii phng knh Kim tra xem c thit b no tnh trng bn hn 1 gi ng h khng. Cc cell In building (repeater hay micro cell): Kim tra v tr t trm.

2.7.2. Truy Cp Ngu Nhin 2.7.2.1 Truy cp ngu nhin khng c chp nhn. Nhng nguyn nhn lm cho s lng truy cp ngu nhin khng c chp nhn cao c th l: Timing advance qu cao: Hnh ng: Kim tra tham s MAXTA (timing advance cc i) Kim tra v tr trm. Gii php: Ci t li tham s MAXTA vi gi tr cao hn. Nu trm c v tr v vng ph tt, th c th gim tilt hoc gim cao anten. Cm truy cp chuyn giao t cell cng knh khc. Hnh ng: Kim tra BSIC v k hoch tn s. Gii php: 38 -

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Nguyn nhn truy cp sai nu mt cm chuyn giao th c chp nhn nh mt truy cp ngu nhin. iu ny ch c th xy nu knh TCH c cng tn s v BSIC nh knh BCCH.

- Thay i BSIC v tn s. Li truy cp bi v nhiu nn cao. Hnh ng: - Kim tra tn s Khng gii m c nguyn nhn truy cp. Hnh ng: Kim tra k hoch tn s. Gii php: Thay i tn s. -

2.7.2.2 Chp nhn truy cp nhng khng thnh cng Nhng l do c th xy ra : Cng tn hiu yu. Hnh ng: Kim tra nhng cuc gi b rt do cng tn hiu yu. Gii php: - Ci thin vng ph. Nhiu cao. Hnh ng: Kim tra nhiu. Gii php: - Thay i tn s. Nhm truy cp chuyn giao ti cell cng knh khc. Hnh ng: Kim tra BSIC v k hoch tn s. Gii php: Thay i BSIC hoc tn s. -

2.7.3. Cp Nht V Tr T l cp nht v tr cao cho thy c vn ti mc cell v c th l nguyn dn n cp nht v tr khng thnh cng hoc gy nghn knh SDCCH. Cc nguyn nhn c th lm t l cp nht v tr thnh cng thp: Cell bin LAC: Hnh ng : 39

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Kim tra xem c phi l cell bin LAC hay khng. Gii php : Xem xt iu chnh v tng tr CRH (Cell Reselect Hysteresis). C th n nh li Cell ny vo mt vng nh v (LA) khc. tr CRH thp : Hnh ng : Kim tra thit lp gi tr ca CRH. Gii php : - Tng gi tr ca CRH. nh c vng nh v km: Hnh ng : Kim tra xem c s lng ln thu bao di chuyn dc theo hoc ngang qua bin cell hay khng. Gii php : Gi s nu mt ng cao tc nm dc theo bin vng nh v th vng nh v ny cn phi c xc nh li. Cc cell c th c thit k li vo vng nh v khc. Khong thi gian cp nht v tr theo chu k qu ngn : Hnh ng : Kim tra khang thi gian gia cc ln cp nht v tr theo chu k, kim tra cc thng s T3212 v BTDM. Nhiu : Hnh ng : Kim tra mc nhiu trong h thng. Gii php : - Khc phc nhiu. S knh SDCCH khng : Hnh ng : Kim tra cu hnh knh SDCCH. Gii php : Xem xt tng s knh SDCCH. -

2.7.4. Tm Gi (Paging) Cc nguyn nhn c th dn n Paging khng thnh cng : IMSI Attach/Dettach khng c s dng : Hnh ng : Kim tra xem c tnh ny c c s dng cha. Gii php : 40 -

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner - Nu cha th kch hat c tnh ny. Cp nht v tr theo chu k : Hnh ng :

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Kim tra thit lp thng s timer T3212 BSC v BTDM, GTDM MSC. Gii php : Thay i cc thng s ny nu khng ng. Xem xt gim thi gian gia cc ln cp nht v tr theo nh k. Vn v vng ph : Hnh ng : Kim tra vng ph ti cc khu vc Thc hin Driving test -

Kim tra cng sut u ra ti anten Gii php : Thm trm, thay i anten nu tn hiu ng ln km, tng cng sut u ra.

2.7.5. Rt Cuc Gi (Dropped Call) 2.7.5.1. Tng quan C nhiu h s c th dn n vic mt thu bao tht bi trong vic hon thnh cuc gi theo mong mun. Vn duy nht m cc thu bao s chp nhn m khng phn nn trong mt mng cng cng l tn hiu bn t thu bao b gi. Tht khng may, thc t khng lun nh mong i khi iu n t mt mng di ng, dn ti cc phn nn ca khch hng v cht lng km ca dch v. Cui cng h s thay i nh cung cp dch v nu cht lng mng tip tc ti. Dropped call biu din s cc cuc gi b t kt ni mt cch bt bnh thng trong khi thit lp cuc gi hoc ang m thoi. C nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau lm rt cuc gi. V d: rt cuc gi do mc tn hiu thp, cht lng ti, timing advance qu ln. 2.7.5.2. n nh TCH Trc khi gi lnh n nh knh TCH t BSC, hai ch tiu sau y phi tha mn: - Phi c mt knh TCH ri (khng nghn). - Thut ton v tr phi nhn c t nht l mt bn tin o c . Nu mt trong hai ch tiu khng c tha mn, lnh n nh s khng c gi v lnh gii phng knh s c gi ti MS v bn tin yu cu xa c gi ti MSC. 41

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Theo quan im ca cc thu bao, cuc gi b rt ngha l cuc m thoi ang din ra b ngt, chng hn nh cuc gi b rt trn TCH. Nu cuc gi b rt trn knh SDCCH ngi dng n gin ch gi li cuc gi ln na v hy vng thnh cng vi ln ny. Theo quan im ca h thng, rt cuc gi trn knh SDCCH th nguy him hn, mt radio link time-out trn SDCCH s chim mt knh SDCCH ph khong (RLINKUP+RLINKT)/2 giy v tng nguy c nghn SDCCH. 2.7.5.3. Phn tch cuc gi b rt

kim tra t l CDR/Cell

Kim tra l do cuc gi b rt/Cell


Kim tra t s HO b mt/Tng s cuc gi b rt

C nhiu cuc gi b rt do HO? Khng Kim tra cuc gi b rt/timeslot

Kim tra c tnh HO v cc tham s

Kim tra file log li ca BTS

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Qu trnh phn tch cuc gi b rt c th theo cc bc nh sau: 1. Kim tra cc cuc gi b rt trn tng cell. La chn cc cells c t l rt cuc gi cao. 2. Kim tra cc nguyn nhn gy ra rt cuc gi cho cell c la chn. 3. Kim tra t s mt chuyn giao trn tng s cuc gi b rt. 4. Kim tra cc cuc gi b rt trn tng khe thi gian (Timeslot) xc nh nguyn nhn rt do li thit b hay nhiu. Kim tra log file li ca BTS. Mt s hnh ng khc: Thc hin driving test v kim tra ti trm. Kim tra li tn s, vng ph, nhiu. Kim tra cng sut pht v gi tr thit lp cc tham s ca cell. 2.7.5.4 Cuc gi b rt trn knh SDCCH Cc nguyn nhn c th: Cng tn hiu thp c ng ln/xung: Nguyn nhn do vng ph yu c th l mt vi trm cng sut pht sai, b che chn, khng ph c indoor trong nh hoc thit b b li. Hnh ng: - Kim tra vng ph - Kim tra cng ng ra. - Thc hin driving test - Kim tra file li ca BTS. Gii php: - Thm site mi, tng cng sut pht, sa cha cc thit b li. Cht lng ti ng ln hay xung Hnh ng: - Kim tra C/A v C/I - Kim tra tn s - Thc hin driving test Gii php: - Thay i tn s, s dng cc c tnh v tuyn c th Timing Advance qu cao Hnh ng: - Kim tra xem tham s TALIM < 63. - Kim tra cc cell ng knh c chng ln nhau. Gii php:

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Thit lp TALIM gn vi gi tr 63. Gim tilt, gim chiu cao anten, gim cng sut pht i vi cc cell ng knh Thit b u cui MS b li: Mt vi MS c c th gy rt cuc gi nu mt vi tnh nng mng v tuyn c s dng. L do khc l MS b h hoc hot ng khng ng. Hnh ng: - Kim tra thit b MS Gii php; - nh gi li li ch ca cc tnh nng. Hnh vi ca thu bao: Cc thu bao khng c hng dn y c th s dng cc thit b cm tay ca h khng ng cch nh khng bt anten ln, chn v tr khng ph hp thc hin cuc gi,... Hnh ng: - Kim tra phn nh ca khch hng v thit b MS ca h. Do pin: Khi thu bao ang m thoi m MS ht pin, cuc gi s b rt do mt kt ni t xut. Hnh ng: - Kim tra ngun ca MS c c s dng ng. - Kim tra DTX ng ln c c s dng. Nghn trn TCH: SDCCH c th b rt khi vic n nh TCH b nghn trn mt cell c cht lng ti. Hnh ng: - Kim tra nghn TCH Gii php: - Tng dung lng TCH. 2.7.5.5. Rt cuc gi trn TCH Cc nguyn nhn c th ca cc vn lin quan n mng v tuyn c th lm rt cuc gi trn TCH: Cng tn hiu thp c ng ln/ xung: Bnh thng mt cuc gi b rt ti bin ca vng nng thn rng ln vi vng ph sng khng m bo. S suy gim nhanh cng tn hiu c th do kt qu ca vic di chuyn vo trong mt gara xe, thang my hoc thm ch pha sau mt gc ng, Vng ph indoor ti c th dn ti rt cuc gi, b che chn bi cc to nh cng c th l mt nguyn nhn. Hnh ng: - Kim tra vng ph. - Thc hin driving test v kim tra ti trm. 44

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner Kim tra cng sut pht Kim tra loi v cu hnh anten Kim tra vic lp t anten

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Gii php: - Thm trm lp ci thin vng ph (v d nh lp trm lp trong ng hm), thay i anten tt hn (c li cao hn). Thm trm mi nu vng mt sng ln. Khng c Cell phc v tt nht. Hnh ng: - Kim tra vng ph Gii php: - Thm vng ph Dragon Site: Mt dragon site ngha l trm c t ti v tr cao v ph sng cho mt khu vc rng ln.Trm ny c th ph xa n nhiu trm BTS khc.V trm c t ti v tr cao nn rt kh hoch nh tn s, c th s b rt nhiu nhiu ng knh. Hnh ng: - Kim tra v tr trm. Gii php: - Hu b trm hoc cu hnh li trm Dragon . Thit b u cui MS b li: Mt vi MS c c th gy rt cuc gi nu mt vi tnh nng mng v tuyn c s dng. L do khc l MS b h hoc hot ng khng ng. Hnh ng: - Kim tra thit b MS Khng tuyn tnh trong b thu Hnh ng: - Kim tra log file li BTS - Thc hin kim tra ti trm. Li thit b Hnh ng: - Kim tra log file li BTS - Thc hin kim tra ti trm. Vn v truyn dn Hnh ng: - Kim tra cht lng truyn dn Do Pin: Khi thu bao ang m thoi m thit b MS ht pin, cuc gi s b rt do mt kt ni t xut. Hnh ng:

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner -

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Kim tra ngun ca MS c c s dng ng. Kim tra DTX ng ln c c s dng.

Cht lng ti ng ln hay ng xung Hnh ng: - Kim tra C/I v C/A. - Kim tra nhiu. Gii php: - Ci thin nhiu nh i tn s, gim gc ngn anten, i cng sut pht, h cao anten, s dng nhy tn, Timing Advance qu cao Hnh ng: - Kim tra thit lp TALIM - Kim tra v tr trm Gii php: - Hiu chnh cc tham s thit lp, kim tra liu trm c ph qu xa, chng hn vng ph tt khong cch ln do anten t cao. li phn tp thp: Vic s dng 1 anten thu lm gim cht lng ng ln. Vic lp t khng tt vi cch ly qu nh gia 2 anten thu cng lm gim hiu qu ca phn tp. Hnh ng: - Kim tra lp t ca anten Cng sut pht BTS qu thp Hnh ng: - Kim tra thit lp cng sut ca BTS Gii php: - Tng cng sut pht BTS nu thch hp. Thit lp sai tham s iu khin cng sut ng ca MS Hnh ng: - Kim tra tham s khai bo Gii php: - Tinh chnh tham s b thit lp sai Thit lp sai tham s iu khin cng sut ng ca BTS Hnh ng: - Kim tra tham s khai bo. Gii php: - Tinh chnh tham s b thit lp sai

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S dng tnh nng chuyn giao khn cp do cht lng ti khng hp l : Vic thit lp tham s chuyn giao do cht lng km ng ln hay ng xung c th qu thp dn n qu nhiu chuyn giao khn cp khng c kh nng quay li knh c. Hnh ng: - Kim tra tham s thit lp cho chuyn giao do cht lng ng ln v ng xung km. Gii php: - Tinh chnh tham s thit lp cho ph hp. S dng tnh nng chuyn giao Intra-cell khng hp l: S dng tnh nng chuyn giao intra-cell khng hp l c th dn n chuyn giao khng cn thit v nguy c rt cuc gi rt cao. Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc tham s c thit lp - Kim tra hiu sut chuyn giao Gii php: - Tinh chnh cc tham s b thit lp sai Li Neighbour Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc tham s c thit lp - Kim tra hiu sut chuyn giao Gii php: - Thm neighbour b thiu Chuyn giao ra khng thnh cng: Hoc MS khng bao gi nhn c lnh chuyn giao hoc n tht bi c trong vic thit lp trn cell ch v trong vic thit lp li trn cell gc. Cuc gi b gii phng bi vic gi bn tin gii phng knh ti MS. Nguyn nhn c th l do mc tn hiu thp hoc nhiu cao. Hnh ng: - Kim tra hiu sut chuyn giao Chuyn giao vo khng thnh cng: MS khng bao gi thit lp trn cell ch v tht bi trong vic quay li cell gc. Sau mt time-out trong BSC cuc gi c gii phng bi vic gi bn tin gii phng knh ti MS. Cuc gi b rt c tnh trong cell gc. Nguyn nhn c th l do mc tn hiu thp hoc nhiu cao. Hnh ng: - Kim tra c tnh chuyn giao 2.7.6. Chuyn Giao (Handover) 2.7.6.1. Tng quan 47

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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Chuyn giao l mt chc nng chnh trong mng GSM. Nu hiu sut chuyn giao km thu bao s nhn c cht lng mng km. Thng k v hiu sut chuyn giao tt nht l nn c o 24 gi hoc lu hn. 2.7.6.2. Cc nguyn nhn c th lm cc yu cu chuyn giao trn mi quan h neighbour t: Khai bo quan h neighbour khng cn thit Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc quan h Neighbour . Gii php: - Kim tra cc quan h neighbour cn thit. Xa cc quan h neighbour khng cn thit (chng hn s lng chuyn giao t hn 10% so vi s lng chuyn giao trung bnh trn mi quan h neighbour).. Trm BTS c khai bo nhng khng phc v Hnh ng: - Kim tra nguyn nhn trm BTS khng phc v Gii php: - X l trm BTS phc v. Li phn cng: Hnh ng: - Kim tra log file li BTS. 2.7.6.3. Chuyn giao khng thnh cng: Tng quan: Khi n lc chuyn giao khng thnh cng th s xy ra hai trng hp, hoc MS b mt lin lc (cuc gi b rt) hoc cuc gi c chuyn li cell c trn knh c. iu ny c ngha l chuyn giao khng thnh cng c th dn n rt cuc gi nhng khng phi lun nh vy. Cc nguyn nhn lm chuyn giao khng thnh cng: Nghn: Nu Nghn cao cell ln cn, cuc gi c th b ko di cell ang phc v v gy nhiu chuyn giao khng thnh cng Hnh ng: - Kim tra nghn trn TCH Gii php: - Thm dung lng TCH Timer ht hn sau khi MS mt lin lc: MS khng bao gi tr li trm BTS. Hnh ng: - Kim tra vng ph - Kim tra nhiu 48

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Mt kt ni ng truyn hoc li phn cng: Hnh ng: - Kim tra log file li BTS - n kim tra ti trm - o cht lng ng truyn Gii php: - Sa cha cc thit b b li Lp t anten km Hnh ng: - Kim tra ti trm v kim tra vic lp t anten. - Kim tra dy feeder anten Gii php: - Hiu chnh lp t anten, loi anten, feeder Anten u sai feeder: Hnh ng: - Kim tra ti trm v kim tra vic lp t anten. - Kim tra feeder anten Gii php: - u li anten cho ng vi cc sector Gc ngng anten (Tilt) khng ng Hnh ng: - Kim tra ti trm v kim tra vic lp t anten. Gii php: - Hiu chnh li gc ngng (tilt). nh ngha Neighbour sai: iu ny c th xy ra khi mt trm mi c thm vo v cc quan h neighbour c khng cn ph hp khng c b i, cc quan h mi cn thit khng c thm vo. Gii php: - Thm hoc b bt cc neighbour Thiu neighbour: iu ny c th gy ra mt l hng mt sng v vng ph. Chng hn MS khng th chuyn giao n cell tt nht m ch chuyn giao n cc cell c tn hiu km hn. Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc quan h neighbour ang tn ti. Kim tra li v tr tht s ca trm v vng ph, nu cn c th thm cc quan h neighbour mi. Gii php: - Thm cc quan h neighbour Cng sut pht sai do li ca thit b thu pht 49

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

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Hnh ng: - kim tra cng sut pht Gii php: - Thay i li cng sut pht. Tham s c thit lp sai: i vi outer cell hay external cell, vic nh ngha sai trong MSC hoc BSC c th l l do chuyn giao khng thnh cng. Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc tham s c thit lp Gii php: - Hiu chnh li cc tham s Qu nhiu neighbour c nh ngha: Nhiu quan h Neighbour c khai bo (>16) s lm gim s lng ly mu trn mi tn s (cell), dn ti chnh xc ca cc php o s gim theo, c th dn ti vic gii m sai BSIC. Hnh ng: - Kim tra li s quan h neighbour c khai bo. Gii php: - Loi b bt mt s quan h Neighbour khng cn thit S dng cc tnh nng ca mng v tuyn khng km: Vic s dng khng ng cc tnh nng v tuyn nh iu khin cng sut ng, nhy tn.. Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc tham s thit lp. Gii php: - Hiu chnh li cc thit lp tham s l v sai Thi gian tr hon quyt nh handover: C th do nghn trong cell ch. Hnh ng: - Kim tra tham s handover Vng ph km Hnh ng: Kim tra vng ph Nhiu ng knh/knh k cao: Chuyn giao ra do cht lng ng ln ti c th cho bit nhiu t cc MS ng knh khc. Ti bin cell, cht lng tn hiu c th ti hn v cng tn hiu thp hn. Cht lng ng xung ti c th cho bit nhiu t cc BTS khc. Hnh ng: - Kim tra nhiu Gii php: - Thay i tn s 50

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

2.7.6.4 Chuyn giao ngc iu ny xy ra khi MS tht bi thit lp trn knh lu lng mi nhng thnh cng khi bt tr li trn knh lu lng c. Nu MS khng quay li thnh cng n s b rt cuc gi. Nguyn nhn c th Nhiu: Cell thch hp chuyn giao n c th b nh hng bi nhiu v v th khng th hon thnh bo hiu cho chuyn giao. Chuyn giao ra do cht lng ng ln qu ti c th cho bit nhiu t cc MS ng knh khc. bin cell, cht lng c ti hn, mc tn hiu c th thp hn. Cht lng ng xung ti c th cho bit nhiu t cc BTS ng knh khc. Hnh ng: - Kim tra xem c nhiu chuyn giao do cht lng ti ng xung hay ng ln Cng sut pht trn TCH thp hn trn BCCH Cell ch Hnh ng: - Kim tra cng sut pht Vn vi b anten thu (trong cell neighbour) Hnh ng: - Kim tra lp t anten 2.7.6.5 Chuyn giao qua li (Ping-Pong Handovers) Cc nguyn nhn Thit lp tham s ti Hnh ng: - Kim tra tr chuyn giao Gii php: - Hiu chnh cc tham s thit lp khng ph hp Cng sut pht trn TCH thp hn so vi trn BCCH cell ch Hnh ng - Kim tra cng sut pht Vng lm sng: C th dn ti chuyn giao Ping-Pong c bit i vi MS di chuyn chm. Vng lm khng c ngha l cng tn hiu tht s di mc c thit lp nh nht. Vn c th l do b che chn bi cc ta nh cao tng v cc con ng thng c vng ph ca cc cells ln cn rt tt. Hnh ng: 51

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner Thc hin driving test Kim tra tham s.

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Gii php: - Thm vng ph, v d mt microcell. - Thay i tham s, v d nh gi tr tr chuyn giao. Khng c Cell phc v tt nht: Ti mt v tr no m mc tn hiu ca cc cells ln cn ngang nhau c th dn n chuyn giao Ping-Pong. Thng tnh hung ny c th dn cht lng thoi ti v cui cng l t l rt cuc gi cao. Hnh ng: - Thc hin driving test Gii php: - Thm trm mi tng vng ph 2.7.6.6 Chuyn giao khn cp Cc nguyn nhn c th Vng ph ti: C th l s kt hp gia vng ph ti v nhiu cao Hnh ng : - Kim tra vng ph Gii php: - Ci thin vung ph, thay i li tn s Nhiu ng ln: C th l nhiu t cc MS khc Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc trm ng knh - Kim tra cc ngun nhiu bn ngoi - Kim tra vng ph Nhiu ng xung: C th l nhiu t cc trm BTS khc Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc trm ng knh - Kim tra cc ngun nhiu bn ngoi - Kim tra vng ph 2.7.6.7 Hiu sut chuyn giao Intracell Chuyn giao intracell thng c thc hin trong cng mt cell vi mc tn hiu cao v cht lng ti Cc nguyn nhn dn n vic chuyn giao intra-cell khng thnh cng hoc s lng chuyn giao intra-cell cao bt bnh thng: Tham s thit lp sai 52

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner Hnh ng: - Kim tra cc tham s chuyn giao intra-cell. Gii php: - Hiu chnh cc tham s ph hp Nhiu t bn trong Hnh ng - Kim tra nu ng ln/ xung c vn - Kim tra cc trm ng knh - Kim tra tnh cht rt cuc gi. - Kim tra hiu sut chuyn giao.

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Gii php: - Thay i tn s Nhiu t bn ngoi: S lng chuyn giao Intra-Cell cao ch ra rng c nhiu. ng truyn b nh hng c th d dng c nhn bit thng qua cng thc nhiu ng ln v ng xung. chc chn l nhiu t bn ngoi, nn kim tra ti trm v thc hin o tn s v tuyn. Hnh ng: - Kim tra t s chuyn giao Intra-Cell trn kt ni TCH - Kim cc vn ng ln v ng xung - Kim tra xem c s dng nhy tn hay khng - Thc hin o knh trong ch idle - Kim tra ti trm v driving test - o tn s v tuyn cell b nh hng Gii php: - Nhn din v loi b cc nhiu bn ngoi. Gii php tm thi c th l thay i tn s b nh hng. 2.7.7. NHIU Nhiu c chia thnh cc loi sau: - Nhiu bn trong: nhiu ng knh hay knh k do chnh bn thn mng gy ra do vic hoch nh tn s km, v tr trm khng tt, do nghn hay v tr anten t cao. - Nhiu ngoi: do cc b pht sng bn ngoi mng nh truyn dn truyn hnh, cc tuyn vibaGii php cho vn ny bng cch i tn s b nhiu trnh b nh hng hay ngn chn ngun nhiu. - Nhiu bi cc sn phm iu ch tng h: Nu nhiu bi cc sn phm iu ch tng h th tn hiu thu c dng khng mong mun. Nguyn nhn l do kt hp cc b pht tn hiu vo cng BTS hay l do li thit b.

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2.7.7.1. Nhiu Xc nh ngun gc nhiu Vic tm ra ngun gc gy nhiu th cn thit cho vic khc phc li. Thng thng ng xung c cht lng km, v d nh s phn b ca chuyn giao intracell bnh thng l 25% cho ng ln v 75% cho ng xung. Nhiu ng ln hay ng xung c th c xc nh bi chuyn giao trong cell hay trong BSC. xc nh r ngun nhiu, c th kim tra cc vn sau: Kim tra s lng quan h chuyn giao. Kim tra t l chuyn giao do cht lng. Chn quan h m c tnh chuyn giao km nht. Kim tra nhiu do cht lng km ng ln hay ng xung. Kim tra k hoch hoch nh tn s, hng anten v v tr trm. Bng vic kt hp thng tin a l v v tr trm, hng anten v d liu v hoch nh tn s vi cc thng k chuyn giao c th xc nh ra nguyn nhn nhiu. Chuyn giao khn cp km s xc nh ng ln hay xung b nhiu. Sau y l nhng nguyn nhn ch quan hay khch quan nh hng n nhiu: Du + lm gim nh hng ca nhiu; du - lm tng nh hng nhiu. ng ln: + BTS c mc thu tt hn MS + BTS c li phn tp + Cng sut pht MS thng c iu chnh gim dn. - MS khng c anten nh hng v pht tt c cc hng. + V tr anten MS thp. ng xung: + Cng sut BTS c th c iu chnh. - Knh BCCH c pht lin tc. - MS khng phn tp. - Cng sut pht ca BTS cao. - V tr anten BTS cao hay hng ph anten khng tt. - Mi trng kh iu chnh vng ph sng nh sng, h. - Hoch nh tn s km, cc cell ln cn c cng hay k tn s vi nhau. 2.7.1.2. Cc nguyn nhn nhiu ng ln - iu khin cng sut MS khng hot ng: MS s pht cng sut ln nht v pht tt c cc hng. Trng hp MS bin cell s b nhiu bi cc MS khc (ng knh hay knh k). - Hoch nh tn s: Vic hoch nh tn s khng tt c th nh hng n nhiu ng ln. - Anten BTS khng phn tp. 54

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- Lp t anten khng tt: Azimuth khng ng, suy hao b ni Connector v cp ln hn tnh ton, u ni feeder v anten khng ng, hng bc x ca anten khc hng mong mun. - B thu BTS b hng: nhy thu thp hn danh nh. - V tr anten cao. - Nhiu bn ngoi mng: gn cc trm AMPS - V tr trm khng tt. 2.7.1.3. Cc nguyn nhn nhiu ng xung: - Hoch nh tn s khng tt s gy nhiu, v vy cn phi ci thin vn tn s. - iu khin cng sut BTS khng hot ng - Cng sut pht BTS thp. - B thu pht b hng. - V tr anten thp hay b che khut: V tr anten thp hay b che khut th khng lun dn n nhiu ng xung. Vn xy ra khi c trm cng tn c v tr anten t cao. Anten b che khut c th tng nhiu trong khu vc b che chn hng ca cc trm cng knh tn s. - Feeder c vn nh nc vo trong feeder. - Combiner c vn . - Do mi trng nh cc khu vc sng, h s c vng ph ln v l nguyn nhn gy nh hng nhiu. - Nhiu knh k hay ng knh. - Cng BSIC v tn s cc cell neighbour ln cn. - B thu pht anten b li: Lp t anten khng tt lm cng sut bc x km hay cng sut bc x khng ng hng. C nhiu thng k c th xc nh nhiu. S lng ln chuyn giao intra cell thng ch th cht lng km v cng tn hiu cao. Nhiu cao cng lm cht lng thoi thu c ca thu bao thp v lm rt cuc gi. n nh TCH khng thnh cng cng c th cho thy l nhiu nu cell khng b nghn. S lng chuyn giao khn cp cao cng c xc nh do nhiu. ng truyn b nhiu c th c nhn din bng vic s dng cc b m chuyn giao. Cc thng k sau ch th nhiu: S lng chuyn giao trong cell cao. Chuyn giao trong cell khng thnh cng n nh TCH khng thnh cng. Rt cuc gi do cht lng km trn TCH v SDCCH. Nhiu chuyn giao do cht lng km (chuyn giao khn cp). Nhiu cuc gi b t kt ni do cht lng km.

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Nhiu chuyn giao khng thnh cng v tr li cell gc ban u.

3. XUT CC GII PHP


3.1. Gii Php Multiband/Multilayer 3.1.1. Gii php Multiband: Tng quan: Hin ti Viettel c cp php tn s c 2 bng tn GSM900 (41 knh) v GSM1800 (100 knh). Vic kt hp 2 bng tn ny vo mt mng PLMN s tng dung lng hn l 2 mng tch bit. Cc thit b MS c th hot ng tt c bng GMS900 v GSM1800 (thng k n cui nm 2002 hn 80% cc thit b MS hot ng c c 2 bng tn). c tnh suy hao ng truyn ca GSM900 th khc vi GSM1800, trm GSM900 nhn chung c vng ph ln hn trm GSM1800. Vi c im trn, nu kt hp c 2 bng tn trn vo cng mt mng PLMN th cc trm GSM900 c th c s dng ph cc khu vc rng ln vi mt lu lng gii hn, cc trm GSM1800 c th tng dung lng trong cc khu vc tp trung lu lng cao. Vic s dng mng multiband (GSM900 + GSM1800) s lm tng dung lng mng (m rng dung lng bng cch thm trm mi, dng cc tham s v tuyn san ti gia cc bng tn trnh nghn bng tn GSM900 hay GSM1800) trong khi vn gi cht lng dch v tt (mu hoch nh ti s dng tn s t cht hn nu thm bng tn mi v t nghn hn). Vic s dng bng GSM1800 trong mng Viettel khu vc 3 c th ng dng trong lp mng n (s dng cng lp mng vi GSM900 hay s dng nh lp mng mi) hoc s dng trong mng nhiu lp (ng dng trong lp trn hay lp di ca mng) hoc s dng nh mt phn cu trc cell hin ti (cell nhiu bng tn). Ph thuc vo cu trc phn lp la chn m cc tham s thit lp s khc nhau v gim st cht lng dch v v lu lng cng theo cc cch khc nhau do mi cu trc c u im v nhc im ring. La chn cu trc tng ng ca bng GSM1800: ng dng trong cu trc lp mng n: Cng lp mng GSM900 Macro 900 (single). Macro 1800 (single). Hot ng gia GSM900 v GSM1800 c qun l bng tht lp u tin. ng dng nh lp mng tch bit vi lp GSM900 Macro 900 (umbrella). Macro 1800 mini

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Hot ng gia GSM900 v GSM1800 c iu khin bng vic thit lp tham s cho mng 2 lp. ng dng trong cu trc mng nhiu lp: ng dng trong lp trn: Macro 900 (umbrelle). Macro 1800 (umbrella). Micro 900. ng dng trong lp di: Macro 900 (umbrella). Macro 1800 mini. Micro 900. ng dng trong gii php cell nhiu bng tn: Cn c gi l single BCCH. Da trn tnh nng cell ng tm (concentric cell): Bng tn GSM1800 c s dng trong cell GSM900 ang hot ng. Vng trong (Inner zone) ch cha knh lu lng TCH. Vng bn ngoi (Outer zone) cha knh BCCH, SDCCH v knh lu lng TCH.

3.1.2. Gii php Multilayer Tng quan: Vi s lng thu bao di ng Viettel pht trin nhanh nh hin nay (trn 20 triu thu bao), trong khi yu cu cht lng ngy cng cao nh cht lng thoi cao (chng hn C/I phi cao hn ngng h thng), t l nghn cuc gi thp, t b rt cuc gi, mi ni, c bit nhng ni cng cng, trung tm mua sm, trm xe la, sn bay,Cc mc tiu cht lng ny phi gi trong khi s lng thu bao, lu lng ngy cng cao hn. Do , mng di ng Viettel phi tng dung lng h thng m bo yu cu cht lng dch v, nhiu gii php c s dng nh: S dng trm cu hnh 3 sector (3 cell), thay v 1 sector (1 cell).

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S dng nhy tn kt hp vi pht khng lin tc v iu khin cng sut cho php s dng mu ti s dng tn s nh hn nhm c c nhiu tn s hn cho mi trm BTS. Phn chia mu ti s dng: 2 mu ti s dng c s dng trong mng. Cc phng php ny cho php tng dung lng. Tuy nhin, lin quan n trm macrocell ang hot ng c cng sut pht ln (43 60 W) c t trn nc cc nh cao tng v vi khong cch trm nh hn 500m trong khu vc trung tm th th vic s dng mu ti s dng nh (nh mu 12 cell) th s khng m bo cht lng dch v. Do , gii php cho cc khu vc mt lu lng cao l s dng trm microcell vi cng sut pht gii hn (2 W) v anten t di cc nc nh xung quanh. Bn knh ph tiu biu ca microcell nh hn 150m. iu kin truyn sng ca cc trm microcell ph thuc nhiu vo mi trng: rng ca ng, cc vt chn di chuyn,Cng tn hiu phc v bi trm microcell s gim nhanh khi thu bao chuyn hng gc ng. Vi cc cuc gi di chuyn nhanh, s thay i tn hiu ln do mng khng thi gian thc hin chuyn giao khi cuc gi ri khi cell s l nguyn nhn lm rt cuc gi. Nhiu cuc gi vi tc di chuyn cao s to nhiu chuyn giao v l nguyn nhn lm tng bo hiu trong mng. Do cn phi duy tr vng ph vi trm macrocell, trm phc v cc khu vc nhiu vt chn, cc khu vc t tp trung lu lng v cc khu vc thu bao c tc di chuyn cao (ng cao tc) gim chuyn giao. Cu trc mng nhiu lp (Multilayer) c s dng m rng dung lng h thng, tng vng ph v l gii php ph sng trong nh (indoor). Cc im tp trung nhiu thu bao th c phc v bi trm microcell (lp 1), trong khi trm macrocell cung cp vng ph lin tc ca vng phc v (lp 2). Trong cc khu vc trung tm th c th s dng c 2 loi macrocell v microcell. Khi thit k mng nhiu lp cn phi quan tm 3 vn sau: Xc nh cc khu vc tp trung nhiu thu bao, quyt nh kch thc phc v microcell v v tr ca trm microcell trong vng phc v macrocell. Vn qun l ti nguyn gia cc lp: bao nhiu knh phi c n nh trong microcell? C th s dng cng tn s c 2 lp? Qun l cuc gi v chuyn giao: m bo chia ti gia 2 lp vi mc tiu t c cht lng dch v tt nht. La chn cu trc tng ng: Hin ti c th nh ngha 3 lp trong cu trc mng di ng Viettel khu vc 3. Tuy nhin c th nh ngha nhiu lp hn bng tinh chnh tham s.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Cu hnh microcell s ph thuc vo v tr ca n trong lp thp (lp 1), vic nh ngha loi microcell s nh hng n cch thit lp cc tham s mng. C 4 loi cu hnh cho microcell tiu biu sau: Microcell trong (Inner Microcell): Microcell c bao quanh bi cc microcell khc. Microcell bin (Border Microcell): Microcell bin ca khu vc microcell. Microcell cho im nng (Hotspot Microcell): Microcell p ng lu lng ti im tp trung nhiu thu bao. Microcell trong nh (Indoor Microcell): Microcell c t v phc v trong nh nh sn bay, trm xe, trung tm mua sm,

3.2. Gii Php Repeater Cho Cc Vng Lm, Inbuilding, T_Boom Cho Cc To Nh Cao Tng 3.2.1. Gii php Repeater cho cc vng lm Tng quan: Trong h thng thng tin di ng GSM, s gii hn vng ph ca trm gc, cc yu t a hnh nh ng hm, cc khu vc ng su v hp, c nhiu to nh cao che chn tc ng rt ln ti cht lng ph sng ca mng di ng. Nhng yu t ny lm xut hin cc vng sng lm khin cht lng thoi gim hoc khng th thc

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

hin c cuc gi. gii quyt vn v ph sng, ng thi gip tng cht lng mng li, repeater l mt gii php hiu qu (v cht lng v tnh kinh t). Chc nng chnh ca repeater l: thu tn hiu t cc trm gc, sau khuch i ri pht li gip tng ng k cng trng in t trong di tn la chn trc ti cc vng lm. u im ni bt ca repeater so vi cc trm BTS: Kinh ph r hn rt nhiu. Ct anten n gin, nh nh anten tivi, trin khai nhanh, trnh khiu kin ca dn. Din tch lp t nh, gim chi ph thu nh trm. Thit b nh gn, trin khai n gin, nhanh (trong vng 1 ngy). Tiu hao t in, gim chi ph tin in hng thng. S khi ca repeater
Donor Antenna Service Antenna

Down Link

220V/50Hz

MS

Repeater

Up Link
Thnh phn: Anten thu (Donor antenna). Anten pht (Service antenna). Thit b repeater. Ngun in (220V/50Hz). Nguyn tc hot ng: Tn hiu ng xung (downlink) thu c t trm BTS nh anten donor, n repeater (cng BTS) qua b ghp song cng (duplexer), qua b khuch i tp m thp (LNA), qua b lc (FC) (c chn trc theo di tn tn hiu ng xung ca nh khai thc dch v thng qua vic t tn s nh vng kho pha PLL), sau c khuch i cng sut (PA), qua b ghp song cng (duplexer) a ra cng

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

MS ca repeater, tn hiu c a ti anten service truyn ti thit b u cui di ng. Tn hiu ng ln chy tng t nhng theo chiu ngc li, tn hiu ng ln (uplink) pht t my u cui di ng ti anten thu (anten service) n repeater (cng MS) qua b ghp song cng (duplexer), qua b khuch i tp m thp (LNA), qua b lc (FC) (c chn trc theo di tn tn hiu ng ln ca nh khai thc dch v thng qua vic t tn s nh vng kho pha PLL), sau c khuch i cng sut (PA), qua b ghp song cng (duplexer) a ra cng BTS ca repeater, tn hiu c a ti anten donor truyn ti trm BTS. Ngun: thng s dng trc tip ngun 220V~/50Hz hoc ngun 1 chiu 9V nh b adapter. Mt s loi Repeater:

Loi 20dBm

Loi 15dBm

Hnh: Repeater do hng REMOTEK sn xut ng dng ca Repeater Gii php dng repeater cho cc ng hm:

Repeater

Power supply cable


D.BDA D.BDA D.BDA D.BDA D.BDA D.BDA

B.DBA Battery Backup

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Dng repeater trong trng hp vng ph b che khut, siu th, cc to nh cao tng, cng s,

)))

3.2.2. Gii php Inbuilding cho cc to nh Tng quan: Truyn thng khng dy trong nh tr thnh nhu cu cp thit trong thi k hin nay. Qu trnh p dng cc cng ngh khng dy tin tin nh GSM, CDMA, HSDPA, WLAN/WiFi, WiMAX, khin cc dch v truyn thng v d liu khng dy trong nh tr thnh quan tm hng u ca tt c ch s hu cc to nh, cc trung tm thng mi, nh ga, v cc cng s cng cc nh cung cp dch v v ngi s dng dch v in thoi di ng. To nh cao tng thng c thit k v xy dng vi cu trc hin i vi khung b tng chu lc cng vi h thng tng bao v vch ngn l tng gch hoc cc vt liu nh nh: knh, thch cao,.. Cht lng dch v thng tin di ng trong to nh thng khng m bo do s suy gim cht lng ph sng gy ra bi s cn tr ca c s h tng xy dng ca chnh cc cng trnh ny. Theo kt qu kho st chi tit cht lng vng ph sng dch v thng tin di ng trn cc tng trong to nh u cho thy mt kt qu chung chi tit nh sau: Khu vc Cu thang my Tng hm Tng 1 Tng 5 Tng 6 Tng thng Cht lng sng Sng rt yu, khng s dng c dch v Sng rt yu v thng khng c sng, khng s dng c dch v Sng tt vi dch v c th s dng vi . Tuy nhin mt s im sng yu v khng n nh Tn hiu sng mnh, c hin tng nhiu cao v thng c hin tng chuyn giao gia cc cell lin 62

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies k, cht lng dch v thng khng m bo do cht lng thoi khng tt, cuc gi khng n nh.

Chnh v vy gii quyt cc vn trn, cn tp trung pht trin vic u t c s h tng phc v ph sng di ng trong nh cho cc to nh, nh ga sn bay, trung tm thng mi, nhm tng lu lng, m bo cht lng dch v v tng nng lc cnh tranh. Gii php ph sng Inbuilding cho cc ta nh cao tng c thit k vi tiu ch m bo tin cy cao v t phi bo dng nhm tng hiu qu chi ph u t xy lp v gim thiu chi ph qun l h thng khi khai thc vn hnh trong qu trnh s dng. M hnh cu trc h thng c s h tng phc v ph sng di ng trong nh nh sau:
NH CUNG CP DCH V (SERVICE PROVIDER)

B PHI HP (COMBINER)

H THNG B CHIA (SPLITTER)

H THNG ANTEN PHN B (ANTENNA SYSTEM)

Yu cu thit k h thng Inbuilding: Yu cu thit k h thng Inbuilding phi m bo: Tng 15 95% Rxlevel (dBm) - 75 95% RxQuality 3 95% C/I (dB) 17

-70 3 17 610 T tng 11 tr ln -65 3 17 H thng Inbuilding phi t c cc KPIs : CDR 0.2% ; HOSR 99,6%. i vi cc tng t 15: Vi ch tiu yu cu thit k l 95% Rxlevel 75dBm v C/I 17 s m bo c c 2 yu cu, p ng cng tn hiu Inbuilding v gim c nh hng ca sng Inbuilding pht x ra ngoi (cng

63

Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

tn hiu pht x ra bn ngoi - 90dBm; bi suy hao do kt cu vt liu thi cng Inbuilding i vi cc tng 610: Tn hiu bn trong ta nh c Rxlevel - 80dBm v C/I 12. Cc tng ny c cao tng ng vi Anten v t b che chn nn nhn c c tn hiu pht x t cc bp sng ph ca cc Anten gy ra nhiu ng knh v nhiu cn knh cc tng ny ln lm C/I thp. m bo cht lng ca sng di ng bn trong ta nh th thit k h thng Inbuilding phi m bo 95% Rxlevel - 70dBm, khi s ci thin c C/I 17. i vi cc tng 1135: Tng t nh cc tng 610, cc tng cao t tng 11 tr ln s chu nh hng ca nhiu nhiu hn (C/I 10). V vy khi thit k h thng Inbuilding cho cc tng ny phi m bo cng tn hiu tt hn: 95%Rxlevel -65dBm, khi s ci thin c C/I17. 3.2.3. Gii php T_Boom/Vertical Boom cho cc tng cao to nh cao tng Tng quan: cc to nh cao tng (hn 20 tng), cc cuc gi khng th c thit lp hay nhn mc d cng tn hiu ch th tn hiu c thu tt. Nu cuc gi c kt ni th cht lng cuc gi rt km, cuc gi c khuynh hng b rt cao. Cc nguyn nhn do: Nhiu ng knh: Do 2 hay nhiu knh lin lc hot ng cng lc cng tn s. Vn cng nghim trng nu tn s BCCH b ng knh. Nhiu knh k: Cc tn s knh k nm trong di thng ca sng mang mong mun. Nhiu knh k khng nghim trng nh nhiu ng knh. Cc ngun nhiu: Do mu ti s dng tn s cht; trm t cao; nhn tn hiu trc tip t cc trm khng mong mun; c tnh anten km; phn x v tn x t cc cell khng mong mun; thit k lp microcell km l cc ngun nhiu nh hng n cht lng dch v ti cc ta nh cao tng.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Mt trong cc k thut ti u cht lng dch v nh cao tng l s dng gii php chia Cell bng cch s dng anten th 2 c nh hng phc v phn nh cao tng (gii php T_Boom v Vertical Boom). Gii php T_Boom v Vertical Boom: s dng T_Boom hoc Vertical Boom cn ch cc vn sau: Cu trc anten hin ti phi c kh nng lp thm c anten mi. C khng gian trng lp anten mi. La chn anten ph hp cho mc ch ph. i vi gii php T_Boom th: Anten ngang: Tng tn hiu cc tng cao ca ch mt ta nh cao tng. Anten ng: Duy tr mc tn hiu ph ng hin ti. i vi gii php Vertical Boom th: Anten t trn: Tng gc ngng v nh hng phc v cc tng cao ca nhiu ta nh cao tng. Anten t di: S dng duy tr vng ph hin ti.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

T_Boom

Vertical Boom

3.3. Cc Gii Php Tn S Hin ti, vn quy hoch tn s GSM900 Viettel th cn phi quan tm, mt s gii php hoch nh tn s GSM900 cho mng Viettel nh sau: Gii php 1:
BCCH Band (7/21) Sector S1 S2 S3

A 43 51 59

B 44 52 60

C 45 53 61

D 46 54 62

E 47 55 63

F 48 56 64

G 49 57 65

TCH Band (1X3) s dng 18 knh S1 66 S2 72 S3 78 2 knh d phng 50

67 73 79

68 74 80

69 75 81

70 76 82

71 77 83

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u im: Vi cch phn chia 2 cm tn s ring bit cho BCCH v TCH s c cht lng TCH tt hn. Vi mu hoch nh 7/21 cho BCCH s c cht lng BCCH tt hn. Nu s dng mu ti s dng 1x3 TCH vi danh sch MA l 6 tn s lin k nhau v hoch nh MAIO l (0,2,4), c th nhy tn tng hp trn 3 TRX. V vy, c th s dng cu hnh ti a l 4/4/4.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Nhc im: Vi cch phn chia tn s lin tip, khng c tn s bo v gia cc knh BCCH c th pht sinh nhiu knh k gia cc cell ln cn nhau. Gii php 2:
BCCH Band (5/15) Sector A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 E1 E2 E3 15 BCCH 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 76 9 TCH1 55 57 59 73 75 77 79 81 83 55 57 59 79 81 83 9 TCH2 67 69 71 78 80 82 49 51 53 67 69 71 49 51 53 6 TCH3 61 63 65 43 45 47 61 63 65 43 45 47 61 63 65 39

2 knh d phng 74

u im: Vi cch phn chia xen k tn s th cht lng ca BCCH tt hn v c tn s bo v gia cc BCCH. C th kt hp c vi pht gin on DTX, iu khin cng sut v nhy tn bng gc tng cht lng mng. Nhc im: V hoch nh BCCH cht ch theo mu 5/15 c nhiu tn s hn cho TCH nn c th pht sinh nhiu nhiu hn do s ln s dng li tn s nhiu hn. Vi cch hoch nh nh trn, ngha l cc cells phi c cu hnh 4/4/4. Nh vy, lu lng s phn b khng u trn ton mng, lng ph ti nguyn.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner Gii php 3:


BCCH Band (6/18) Sector S1 S2 S3 A 44 56 68 B 46 58 70 C 48 60 72 D 50 62 74

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

E 52 64 76

F 54 66 78

TCH Band (1X3) s dng 21 knh S1 S2 S3 2 knh d phng 80 82 57 71 43 59 73 45 61 75 47 63 77 49 65 79 51 67 81 53 69 83 55

u im: Vi cch phn chia xen k tn s th cht lng ca BCCH tt hn v c tn s bo v gia BCCH ca cc cell trong cc trm khc nhau, s trnh nhiu knh k. Vi danh sch MA l 7 tn s khng lin k nhau th cht lng ca TCH tt hn v c th nhy tn tng hp trn 3 TRX. V vy, c th s dng cu hnh ti a l 4/4/4 Nhc im: Ti nhng thi im nht nh sinh ra nhiu knh k gia cc cell trong cng mt site v cc cell ln cn neighbours ca nhau. La chn gii php: T vic phn tch nhng u, nhc im ca cc phng php hoch nh tn s, t kt qu m phng nhiu ca cc gii php tn s dng cng c Enterprise, t thc t ca mng di ng Viettel th gii php th 3 (Ti s dng vi mu 6/18 cho BCCH) tng i kh thi nht bi cc l do sau: Vi 41 tn s, hoch nh mu 6/18 cho BCCH th tt hn mu 5/15 ca gii php 2. Cht lng s c ci thin, ng thi gim t l n nh b li. Vi cch phn chia xen k tn s s cho cht lng BCCH tt hn. So vi mu 15/9/9/6 ca gii php 2 th cch dng 21 knh cho TCH (1x3) s tt hn, hiu qu hn cho nhng trm c cu hnh nh hn hoc bng 4/4/4 v cng tt hn so vi s dng 18 knh cho TCH ca gii php 1. Dng mu 1x3 TCH nhy tn tng hp s d dng cho vic hoch nh tn s hn so vi gii php 2.

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Radio Network Optimization For Beginner

Phan Hoi Hi Viettel Technologies

Kt hp nhy tn tng hp vi pht gin on DTX, iu khin cng sut s cho cht lng tt hn. D trin khai khi thm trm mi.

MT S K NNG I VI K S TI U V TUYN GSM (QUN L CHT LNG/TI U/QUN L CU HNH)


Mt s k nng m k s ti u v tuyn cn phi c. Tu vo kinh nghim lm vic m mi k s ti u c mc hiu bit su, hay lm vic di s hng dn hoc tham gia cc bui tho lun, o to hay c cc ti liu lin quan n cc k nng ny (ng nhin, cc k s ti u phi tng l k s hoch nh mng v tuyn nn phi nm cc k nng cho k s hoch nh mng v tuyn).
Multi-Operator Benchmarking via Drive Survey Multi-operator Drive Survey Analysis OMC Based Network Analysis Network Optimisation Based on OMC Statistical Analysis Network Optimisation Based on Drive Survey Network Performance Audit GPRS Testing and Optimisation Based on Drive Survey BSS Databases Feature Implementation / Testing Frequency Hopping, Planning, Testing and Optimisation Multilayer System Optimisation (IUO, Dual-Band, Microcell) Measurement-Based C/I Matrix and AFP Optimisation BSS Interface Analysis (A/Abis) BSS Database Configuration Management Process Tools Integration (OPTIMA and DATASAFE)

Climb High Tower Skill.

TP. HCM 26/09/2008

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