Co So Ly Thuyet - PDF 1111111

Gii bi tp bng phng php bo ton e v phng php ion e.
Lp 10A4
GVHD: C NGUYN TH ANH LNG Trang 1
A. C S L THUYT
I. L thuyt v phn ng oxi ho-kh:
1. nh ngha:
Phn ng oxi ho-kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s chuyn electron gia cc cht phn ng; hay phn ng
oxi ho-kh l phn ng ho hc trong c s thay i s oxi ho.
Cht kh l cht nhng electron hay l cht c s oxi ho tng sau phn ng. Cht kh cn c gi l cht b
oxi ho.
Cht oxi ho l cht nhn electron hay l cht c s oxi ho gim sau phn ng. Cht oxi ho cn c gi l cht
b kh.
S oxi ho (qu trnh oxi ho) mt cht l lm cho cht nhng electron hay lm tng s oxi ho ca cht .
S kh (qu trnh kh) mt cht l lm cho cht nhn electron hay lm gim s oxi ho ca cht .
2. Phn loi:
a. Phn ng oxi ha- kh:
L phn ng oxi ha- kh l loi phn ng trong c s chuyn electron hon ton (hoc mt phn) t nguyn t
(hay ion) ny sang nguyn t (hay ion) khc. Kt qu l trong phn ng c s thay i s oxi ha ca mt hoc vi
nguyn t. V d:
0 1 1
2
0 1 2 0
2 2
2 Na + Cl 2 Na Cl
2Zn + 2HCl 2Zn Cl H
+
+ +
+
b. Phn ng t oxi ha kh:
L mt phn ng oxi ha- kh c bit, trong mt cht va l cht oxi ha va l cht kh v c s cho, nhn
in t gia cc phn t ca cng mt cht. Ngha l phn t cht ny cho in t( ng vai tr cht kh) n mt
phn t khc ca cng cht y( ng vai tr cht oxi ha). Trong thc t thng gp ch mt nguyn t trong phn
t c s oxi hoa thay i v h s nguyn ng trc phn t tc cht ny 2.
V d:
0 1 1
2
2
0 2 4
2 2 3 2
4 3 5
2
2 3 2
6 7 4
4 2 4 2
5 7 1
3 4
2Cl 2NaOH Na Cl Na Cl O H O
3S 6NaOH 2Na S Na SO 3H O
2 NO 2NaOH Na NO Na NO 3H O
3KMn O 2H O 2KMn O Mn O 4KOH
4KCl O KCl O KCl
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+
c. Phn ng oxi ha kh ni phn t:
L mt phn ng oxi ha- kh c bit, trong mt cht va l cht oxi ha va l cht kh v c s cho, nhn
in t ngay trong mt phn t . Thng gp hai nguyn t khc nhau trong phn t c s oxi ha thay i.
Nhng cng c trng hp ch mt nguyn t trong phn t c s oxi ha thay i ( nguyn t ny cho in t v
nguyn t ca cng nhuyn t y trong cng phn t nhn in t).
Gii bi tp bng phng php bo ton e v phng php ion e. Lp 10A4
V d:
0
0
2
0
0
5 2 3 0
t
3 2
3
5 2 1 0
t
2
3 MnO
7 2 6 4 0
t
2
4 2 4 2
3 6 3 0
t
2
4 2 7 2 3 2
2Na NO 2Na NO O
2KCl O 2KCl O
2KMn O K MnO Mn O O
(NH)Cr O Cr O N 4H O
+ +
+
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+ +
3. iu kin xy ra phn ng oxi ho-kh:
Tnh cht ca hu ht cc phn ng oxi ha kh l thun nghch. Chiu ca phn ng thay i l do iu kin th
nghim.
bit mt s phn ng oxi ha kh c th xy ra c th iu kin cn l phi c cht kh v cht oxi ha
tham gia phn ng, ng thi ta cng da vo s to thnh cht oxi ha; cht kh. Nu phn ng to thnh cht oxi
ha v cht kh yu hn, trong iu kin xt th phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra.
Phn ng oxi ho-kh xy ra theo chiu:
Oxh
mnh
+ Kh
mnh
Oxh
yu
+ Kh
yu
V d :
- SO
2
phn ng c vi Br
2
v SO
2
c tnh kh v Br
2
l cht oxi ha.
- H
2
l cht kh phn ng c vi CuO l cht oxi ha nhng H
2
khng phn ng c vi Cu v c 2 u l cht
kh.
- Cl
2
khng tc dng vi CuO v c hai cht u l cht oxi ha.
c phn ng cht oxi ha phi mnh oxi ha cht kh.
V d :CuO oxi ha c H
2
: CuO + H
2
0
t
Cu + H
2
O
Al
2
O
3
khng oxi ha c H
2
v Al
2
O
3
khng mnh.
Cl
2
; KMnO
4
; HNO
3
l cht oxi ha mnh, gn nh phn ng c vi tt c cc cht kh, nhng I
2
; mui Fe
3+
c
tnh oxi ha trung bnh, ch phn ng c vi cc cht kh mnh.
II. Gii bi tp bng phng php bo ton electron v phng php
ion electron:
1. Ni dung phng php:
Trong phn ng oxi ho kh, tng s mol cht kh cho bng tng s mol cht oxi ho nhn.
| ) | ) e cho e nhan
n n =

2. Phm vi p dng:
Ch p dng vi cc qu trnh oxi ho-kh.
Phng php ny c bit thch hp vi cc bi ton trong c nhiu cht oxi ho v cht kh; cc bi ton phi
bin lun nhiu trng hp xy ra; nhng bi ton c nhiu phng trnh phn ng m vic vit phng trnh v
cn bng tr nn rt kh khn v tn thi gian, thm ch c nhiu bi khng vit c phn ng do khng r phn
ng xy ra hon ton hay cha, tc cht no cho ra sn phm no; v.v
3. Phng php s dng:
a. Mu cht quan trng nht l phi xc nh c trng thi u v trng thi cui ca cc cht phn
ng v sn phm. (Khng cn quan tm ti cc phng trnh phn ng cng nh l cc sn phm
trung gian).
b. Xc nh chnh xc cc cht kh cho electron v cc oxi ho nhn electron t u qu trnh cho ti
cui qu trnh.
c. Tip theo vit ln lt tt c cc bn phn ng oxi ho-kh ra ri da vo d kin bi ton m tm
tng s mol e cho, tng s mol e nhn, t p dng nh lut bo ton v tm cc n theo yu cu
ca bi.
Ch : Mun lm tt c hai iu trn a, b ta cn thc hin mt thao tc quan trng l nn lp s ca bi
ton trc khi gii.
Ta c hai phng php cn bng cc phn ng oxi ho-kh, tng t ta cng c hai cch gii bi tp, l: gii
bi tp bng phng php bo ton electron v phng php ion electron.
V bn cht, hai phng php ny ging nhau. Nhng trong tng bi tp c th, ta cn la chn mt trong hai
phng php gii quyt bi ton cng nhanh v cng gn nh hn.
Thng thng ta hay s dng gii bng phng php bo ton electron v n t cng knh hn v c bit l
phng php ny c th s dng vi tt c cc trng hp.
Phng php ion electron ch c s dng vi cc qu trnh xy ra trong dung dch, c s tham gia ca mi
trng. Tuy nhin khng phi min l dung dch l ta xi n, m ta ch xi n khi ta cn s dng ti thng H
+
,
yu cu tm lng axit tham gia phn ng hay cho hn hp cc axit, hoc khi ta b qu khng bit xc nh s
oxi ho ca nguyn t th no.
Ta c hai v d n gin sau:
V d 1: Cho 20 gam hn hp Fe v FeO tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
nng d, thu c 5,6 lt kh
(ktc). Phn trm khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u bng:
Li gii:
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Fe v FeO ta c phng trnh :
56x + 72y = 12 (a)
2
SO
n =
5, 6
22, 4
= 0,25 (mol)
Qu trnh oxi ho
Fe
3
Fe
+
+ 3e
x 3x (mol)
2
Fe
+
3
Fe
+
+ e
y y(mol)
Qu trnh kh:
2
4
SO

+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,5 0,5 0,25(mol)
p dng nh lut bo ton e vo ta c: 3x + y = 0,5 (b)
T (a) v (b) ta c x = 0,1; y = 0,2
m
Fe
= 0,1 56 = 5,6 %Fe =
5, 6
100%
20
= 28%
Nhn xt: Ta thy r rng, tuy phn ng xy ra c s tham gia ca mi trng H
+
nhng ta u cn bit s mol H
+
lm g, v vy s dng phng php gii bng ion e nh trn l khng hp l lm, dng phng php bo ton e
th nhn bi lm s nh nhng hn.
V d 2: Cho 3,24g mt kim loi M tan ht trong 0,1 lt dung dch HNO
3
0,5M. Phn ng ch to ra kh NO (trong
dung dch khng c s to thnh NH
4
NO
3
) v nng mol ca HNO
3
cn li sau phn ng gim i 5 ln. Kim loi
M l :
A. Cu B. Ag C. Mg D. Zn
Li gii :
3
HNO
n = 0,5 . 0,1= 0,05 (mol)
3
HNO cn
n = 0,01 (mol)
3
HNO pu
n = 0,04 (mol)
p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c cc qu trnh :
Qu trnh oxi ha Qu trnh kh
M
o
M
n
+
+ ne
n
03 , 0
0,03
NO
3
+ 3e + 4H
+
NO + 2H
2
O
0,03 0,04
n
M
=
n
03 , 0
M =
n
03 , 0
24 , 3
= 108n
Nghim ph hp : n = 1 ; M = 108
Vy kim loi M l Al.
Nhn xt: T s mol H
+
cho, ta mi suy ra c s mol e nhn, dng phng php ion e l hon ton hp l.
Nu ta s dng phng php bo ton e th lm sao tm c p s bi ton.
B. VN DNG:
Ch 1: Kim loi tc dng vi axit.
Dng 1: Bi ton yu cu tm khi lng mui to thnh khi cho kim loi tc dng vi axit
(c bit l vi HNO
3
hc H
2
SO
4
c nng.)
Tng qut:
Cn kt hp phng php bo ton in tch v bo ton electron. Ta c:
Tng s mol electron cht kh nhng = in tch ca cation kim loi.
in tch ca cation kim loi = in tch ca anion to mui.
V th s mol anion to mui c tnh thng qua s mol electron nhn trong qu trnh to sn phm kh.
Lu : Vi cc bi ton tc kim loi tc dng vi HNO
3
, nu cho cng lc c hai s mol: s mol ca kim loi v
s mol ca axit tham gia phn ng. Ta nn cn thn so snh tng s mol e nhn vi tng s mol e nhng bit
c cn mui to ra do s kh hay khng.
T ci tng qut trn ta suy ra cch tnh nhanh (theo kiu thuc lng gii trc nghim) nh sau:
- Cch tnh nhanh s mol anion
3
NO
to mui v HNO
3
tham gia phn ng:
Khng ph thuc vo s lng v bn cht cc cht kh, ta lun c cc bn phn ng kh:
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
3 2 2
3 2
3 2 2
3 2 2
NO 2H e NO H O 1
x 2x x x mol
NO 4H 3e NO 2H O 2
y 4y 3y y mol
2NO 10H 8e N O 5H O 3
2z 10z 8z z mol
2NO 12H 10e N 6H O 4
t 12t 10t t mol
+
+
+
+
+ + | +
+ + | +
+ + | +
+ + | +
Tm li:
| )
| )
2 2 2
3
2 2 2 3
X NO NO N O N
NO taomuoi
NO NO N O N HNO phan ung
n a n n 3n 8n 10n
n 2n 4n 10n 12n
= = + + +
= + + +
(Vi a l s mol electron m

5
N
+
nhn vo to ra sn phm kh X).
- Cch tnh nhanh s mol anion
2
4
SO

to mui v s mol axit H
2
SO
4
tham gia trong cc phn ng oxi
ho kh:
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2
4 2 2
2
4 2
2
4 2 2
SO 4H 2e SO 2H O 5
4x 2x x mol
SO 8H 6e S 4H O 6
8y 6y y mol
SO 10H 8e H S 4H O 7
10z 8z z mol
+
+
+
+ + | +
+ + +
+ + | +
Ghi nh:
| )
2
2 2
4
2 4 2 2
Y SO S H S taomuoi
SO
H SO SO S H S
a 2 6 8
n n n n n
2 2 2 2
n 2n 4n 5n
= = + +
= + +
( Vi b l s mol electron m
6
S
+
nhn vo to sn phm kh Y ).
Bi 1: Ho tan hon ton 50(gam) hn hp X gm mt s kim loi trong dung dch HNO
3
, kt thc phn ng thu
0,2 mol NO
2
v 0,15 mol NO v 0,1 mol N
2
v dung dch X. Bit khng c phn ng to mui NH
4
NO
3
.
.
a) Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau khi c cn X.
b) Tnh s mol HNO
3
phn ng.
Li gii:
| ) 2 2
3
X NO NO N
NO taomuoi
(muoi)
n a n n 3n 10n
0, 2 3 0,15 10 0,1 1, 65(mol)
m 50 62 1, 65 139, 9(gam)
= = + +
= + + =
= + =
| ) 2 2 3
NO NO N HNO phan ung
n 2n 4n 12n 2 0, 2 4 0,15 12 0,1 2, 2(mol) = + + = + + =
Bi 2: Ho tan hon toan 12 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu trong HNO
3
d, sau phn ng thi c 0,1 mol NO v
0,2 mol NO
2
. Tnh s gam mui nitrat to thnh trong dung dch bit phn ng khng to NH
4
NO
3
.
A. 43(gam) B. 30,6(gam) C. 55,4(gam) D. 39,9(gam)
Li gii:
| )
| )
2
3
X NO NO
NO taomuoi
(muoi)
n a n n 3n 0, 2 0,1 3 0, 5 mol
m 12 62 0, 5 43(gam).
= = + = + =
= + =
Bi 3: Ho tan 50 gam hn hp mt s kim loi trong dung dch H

2
SO
4
c, nng (d) thy thot ra 0,12 mol SO
2
,
0,1 mol S v 0,05 mol H
2
S.
a) Tnh s mol H
2
SO
4
phn ng.
b) Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng.
Li gii:
| )
| )
| )
| )
2 4 2 2
2
2 2
4
H SO SO S H S
Y SO S H S taomuoi
SO
muoi
n 2n 4n 5n 2 0,15 4 0,1 5 0, 05 0, 95 mol
a 2 6 8
n n n n n
2 2 2 2
0,15 0,1 3 4 0, 05 0, 65 mol
m 30 0, 65 96 92, 4 gam
= + + = + + =
= = + +
= + + =
= + =
Bi 4: Ho tan 15,95 gam hn hp Ag, Zn, v Al bng H

2
SO
4
c, nng thu 7,849 (lt) kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Tnh khi lng mui sunfat to thnh.
Li gii:
| )
| )
| )
2
2
4
Y SO taomuoi
SO
muoi
a 2 7, 84
n n n 0, 35 mol
2 2 22, 4
m 15, 95 0, 35 96 49, 55 gam
= = = =
= + =
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi trong dung dch cha hai axit H
2
SO
4
v HNO
3
thu
c dung dch Y cha 7,06 gam mui v gii phng hn hp kh X gm 0,05 mol NO
2
v 0,01 mol SO
2
. Tnh m.
Li gii:
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2
2
4
2
3
Y SO taomuoi
SO
NO
NO taomuoi
(kimloai)
a 2
n n n 0, 01 mol
2 2
n n 0, 05 mol
m 7, 06 0, 01 96 0, 05 62 3 g
= = =
= =
= =
Dng 2: Tm cng thc ca sn phm kh

5 +
N v
6 +
S :
- T cc bn phn ng kh (1), (2), (3), (4) phn trn, ta rt ra:
3
NO
nhn 1e to NO
2
, nhn 3e to
NO, nhn 8e to N
2
O v nhn 10 to N
2
.
- T cc bn phn ng (5), (6), (7) ta c:
2
4
SO

nhn 2 mol e to SO
2
, nhn 6 mol e to S v 8 mol e
to H
2
S.
( Ta b qua vic t oxit l N
x
O
y
v nh th s tn nhiu thi gian v bi tr nn tm lum khng cn thit.)
Bi 1: Ho tan 9,28 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn vi s mol bng nhau trong mt lng va dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 0,07 mol mt sn phm Z duy nht cha lu hunh. Sn phm Z l
A. S. B. H
2
S. C. SO
2
. D. SO
3
.
Li gii:
Gi x l s oxi ho ca S trong sn phm Z ;
a l s mol ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X
Ta c 24a + 27a + 65a = 9,28 (g) a =
9, 28
116
= 0,08 (mol)
Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh xy ra:
Qu trnh nhng electron Qu trnh nhn electron
o
Mg
2
Mg
+
+ 2e
6
S
+
+ (6 x)e
x
S
a 2a (6 x)0,07 0,07
o
Al
3
Al
+
+ 3e
a 3a
o
Zn
2
Zn
+
+ 2e
a 2a
n
e
= 0,08.7 = 0,56. S e nhn = 0,56/0,07 = 8 : H
2
S.
Bi 2: Thi lung khng kh i qua 25,2 gam bt st sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp X c khi lng 30 gam
gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
. Cho X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thy gii phng ra 5,6 lt kh Y duy
nht (ktc). Kh Y l
A. NO B. NO
2
C. NH
3
D. N
2
Li gii
S mol e nhng :
e Fe
25, 2
n 3.n 3. 1, 35 mol
56
= = =
S mol e m O
2
nhn :
2
e O
30 25, 2
n 4.n 4. 0, 6 mol
32
= = =
S mol e m N
+5
nhn to Y : n
e
= 1,35 - 0,6 = 0,75
S e m N
+5
nhn to Y l 0,75/0,25 = 3 : NO
Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 13,92 gam Fe
3
O
4
bng dung dch HNO
3
thu c 448 ml kh X
(ktc). Kh X l:
A. NO B. N
2
O C. NO
2
D. N
2
Hng dn: n
e
= 0,06 mol. S e nhn = 0,06/0,02 = 3 : NO.
Bi 4: Cho 4,05 gam Al tan hon ton vo dung dch cha 0,54 mol HNO
3
thu c dung dch cha mt mui duy nht
v mt cht kh X. Cht kh X l
A. NO B. N
2
C. N
2
O D. NO
2
Li gii:
n
e
= 3.n
Al
= 0,45 mol.
Bo ton nguyn t : n
N(trong X)
= 0,54 - 0,45 = 0,09 mol
S e m N
+5
nhn = 0,45/0,09 = 5. Mt nguyn t N nhn 5e: N
2
.
Bi 5: Thi lung khng kh i qua 25,2 gam bt st sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp X c khi lng 30 gam
gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
. Cho X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
thy gii phng ra 5,6 lt kh Y duy
nht (ktc). Kh Y l:
A. NO B. NO
2
C. NH
3
D. N
2
Li gii:
| ) | ) | )
x y
Fe O N O
25, 2 30 25, 2 5, 6
n 0, 45 mol ; n 0, 3 mol ; n 0, 25 mol
56 16 22, 4
= = = = = =
Bn phn ng oxi ho Fe: Bn phn ng kh:
| ) | )
3
Fe Fe 3e
0, 45 mol 1, 35 mol
+
+
| ) | )
| ) | )
0 2
5 a
O 2e O
0, 3 mol 0, 6 mol
N (5 a)e N
0, 25(5 a )mol 0, 25 mol
+ +
+
+
| ) =
e cho
n 1,35 mol | ) | ) = +
e nhn
n 0, 6 0, 25 5 a mol
p dng bo ton electron, s mol electron m N
x
O
y
nhn l: 1,35 - 0,6 = 0,75 (mol)
Ta c: | ) 0, 25 5 a 0, 75 a 2 = =
Vy kh y l NO.
Dng 3: Mt s bi ton v st v hn hp oxit st:
Bi ton tng qut:
Cho a gam Fe b oxi ho thnh b gam hn hp X. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch axit HNO
3
(hoc
H
2
SO
4
c, nng) thu c V lt kh (cc sn phm kh) v c gam mui khan.
Tu c th yu cu tm mt trong cc yu t a, b, c hoc V.
Dng ton ny l mt bi ton kh c ra thi nhiu ln, ch thay i gi thit thnh kt lun v ngc li. Bi ton
c rt nhiu cch gii, nhng y ch trnh by ba cch nhanh nht v hay nht da trn c s phng php bo
ton electron v phng php ion electron.
Cch 1: Xc nh trng thi u v cui ca cc cht oxi ho v cht kh, ch vit bn phn ng oxi ho kh, v p
dng bo ton electron.
Cch 2: Gi s tc nhn oxi ho hn hp X khng phi l ion NO
3
-
m l Oxi. (Da trn tnh cht: Tng s mol
kim loi nhng l nh nhau vi mi tc nhn oxi ho.)
Cch 3: S dng phng php quy i kt hp vi bo ton electron.
s dng tt cch 3, ta cn ch vi iu khi s dng phng php quy i:
+ Khi quy hn hp nhiu cht (hn hp X) thnh hn hp hai hay ch cn mt cht ta phi bo ton s mol nguyn
t hay bo ton khi lng ca hn hp.
+ C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy v mt cht. Tuy nhin ta nn chn cp cht no
n gin c t phn ng oxi ho- kh nht vic tnh ton d dng hn.
+ Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo phng php quy i i khi ta gp s m, l do s b tr khi lng cc cht
trong hn hp. Trong trng hp ny ta vn tnh ton bnh thng v kt qu cui cng vn tho mn.
+ Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht Fe
x
O
y
th Fe
x
O
y
tm c ch l oxit gi nh, khng c thc.
* Bi tp v d v phng php quy i kt hp vi phng php bo ton electron.
V d 1: Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m (gam) cht X gm Fe, FeO,
Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
. Ho tan hon ton X trong H
2
SO
4
c, nng (d) c 1,12 lt SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht ktc).
Gi t m l:
A. 11,2 gam B. 10,2 gam C. 7,2 gam D.6,9 gam
Li gii:
Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3
:
| ) | )
2
Fe SO
8, 4 1,12
n 0,15 mol ; n 0, 05 mol
56 22, 4
= = = =
Khi cho X vo H
2
SO
4
:
Qu trnh oxi ho: Qu trnh kh:
| )
2 3
Fe Fe e
0,1(mol)0,1 mol
+ +
+
| ) | )
4 6
S 2e S
0,1 mol 0, 05 mol
+ +
+
| )
| )
| )
| )
Fe FeO Fe FeO
n 0,1 mol m 0,1 56 5, 6 gam = = =
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2 3 2 3
2 3
2 3
Fe Fe O Fe Fe O
Fe O Fe
X FeO Fe O
2, 8
m 8, 4 5, 6 2, 8 gam n 0, 05(mol)
56
1 0, 05
n n 0, 025 mol
2 2
m m m 0,1 72 0, 025 160 11, 2 gam
= = = =
= = =
= + = + =
Quy hn hp v hai cht l Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
Khi cho X vo H
2
SO
4
:
| )
o 3
Fe Fe 3e
1
(mol)0,1 mol
30
+
+
| ) | )
4 6
S 2e S
0,1 mol 0, 05 mol
+ +
+
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2 3 2 3
2 3
2 3
Fe Fe O Fe Fe O
Fe O Fe
X Fe Fe O
1 98 98 7
m 8, 4 56 gam n (mol)
30 15 15 56 60
1 7 7
n n mol
2 60 2 120
1 7
m m m 56 160 11, 2 gam
30 120
= = = =
= = =
= + = + =
Quy hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
:
Khi cho X vo H
2
SO
4
:
| )
2y
3
x
x
Fe xFe (3x 2y)e
0,1
(mol)0,1 mol
3x 2y
+
+
+
| ) | )
4 6
S 2e S
0,1 mol 0, 05 mol
+ +
+
| )
| )
| )
| )
x y
Fe Fe O
6 7
X
0,1x
n 0,15 mol
3x 2y
x 0, 3 6
0,1x 0, 45x 0, 3y 0, 3y 0, 35x Fe O
y 0, 35 7
0,1
m 448 11, 2 gam
3 6 2 7
= =
= = = =
= =

V d 2:
Ha tan ht m gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, bng HNO
3
c nng thu c dung dch X v 4,48 lt kh
NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 35,7g B. 46,4g C. 15,8g D. 77,7g
Li gii:
S :
| )
+

| =

2 3 3
2
3 4
FeO
dd X
m (gam)Fe O HNO
NO V 44,8l
Fe O
Quy hn hp v Fe
3
O
4
. Ta c cc bn phn ng sau:
Bn phn ng oxi ho: Bn phn ng kh:
| ) | )
8
3 3
3
Fe 3Fe e
0, 2 mol 0, 2 mol
+
+
+
| ) | )
5 4
N e N
0, 2 mol 0, 2 mol
+ +
+
| )
3 4
A Fe O
m m 232 0, 2 46, 4 gam = = =
*Bi ton hn hp oxit st:
Bi 1: Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan hn hp X trong dung dch
HNO
3
(d) thot ra 0,56 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,22 gam B. 2,62 gam C. 2,52 gam D. 2,32 gam
( thi i Hc - Khi A- Nm 2007)
Li gii
S :
+ + +
o
t
2 3 3 3 2
Fe + O X HNO Fe(NO )NO H O
Cch 1: Ta c:
| ) | ) | )
Fe O NO
m 3 m 0, 56
n mol ; n mol ; n mol
56 16 22, 4
= = =
| )
3
Fe Fe 3e
m m
3 mol
56 56
+
+
| )
| ) | )
0 2
5 2
O 2e O
3 m 3 m
mol
16 8
N 3e N
0, 075 mol 0, 025 mol
+ +
+

+
| ) =
e cho
m
n 3 mol
56
| )
= +
e nhn
3 m
n 0, 075 mol
8
p dng bo ton electron :
+ = =
3 m m
0, 075 3 m 2, 52 (g)
8 56
Cch 2: Ta khng bit trong 3 gam cht rn X cha nhng cht g nhng ta bit chc trong X, Fe cha t mc oxi
ho cao nht l +3, ta c bn phn ng kh NO
3
-
:
| ) | )
5 2
N 3e N
0, 075 mol 0, 025 mol
+ +
+
Nu thay cht oxi ho l O m khng cn l NO
3
-
, ta c s phn ng mi nh sau:
o
t
2 2 2 3
2 3 3 4
Fe, FeO
Fe + O O Fe O
Fe O , Fe O
Qua ta thy O cng nhn 0,075 mol electron theo bn phn ng kh:
| ) | )
0 2
O 2e O
0, 075 mol 0, 0375 mol
+
V sau cng ta ch thu c mt cht l Fe
2
O
3
c khi lng:
| )
| )
| )
2 3
Fe Fe O
Fe
3 0, 0375 16 3, 6 gam
3, 6
n 2n 2 0, 045 mol
160
m 0, 045 56 2, 52 gam
+ =
= = =
= =
Cch 3: Ta quy hn hp X v hai oxit l FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Khi X tc dng vi HNO
3
th c s thay i s oxi ho
nh sau:
| )
2 3
Fe Fe e
0, 075 mol
+ +
+
| ) | )
5 2
N 3e N
0, 075 mol 0, 025 mol
+ +
+
| )
| ) | )
| ) | )
| )
2 3 2 3
2 3
FeO
Fe O Fe O
Fe FeO Fe O
Fe
m 0, 075 72 5, 4 g
2, 4
m 3 5, 4 2, 4 g n 0, 015 mol
160
n n 2n 0, 075 2 0, 015 0, 045 mol
m 0, 045 56 2, 52 g
= =
= = = =
= + = + =
= =
Bi 2: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long d, thu
c 1,344 lt kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 38,72g B. 35,5g C. 49,09g D. 34,36g
( thi i Hc- Khi A- nm 2008)
Li gii
S :
| )

+

| =

3
2 3 3 4
X Fe, FeO
11, 36gam HNO
NO V 1, 344l Fe O , Fe O
Cch 1: Tuy khng nhc g n Fe ban u nh bi 1, m cho thng vo hn hp gm Fe v cc oxit ca n.
Nhng ta c gi s hn hp c to ra t m (gam) Fe ban u, v khi bi 2 li quay tr v nh bi 1, s mol
nguyn t oxi nhp vo A to ra 11,36 (gam) hn hp l:
| )
O
11, 36 m
n mol ;
16
=
| ) | )
Fe NO
m 1, 344
n mol ; n 0, 06 mol
56 22, 4
= = =
| )
3
Fe Fe 3e
m m
3 mol
56 56
+
+
| )
| ) | )
0 2
5 2
O 2e O
11, 36 m 11, 36 m
mol
16 8
N 3e N
0,18 mol 0, 06 mol
+ +
+

+
| ) =
e cho
m
n 3 mol
56
| )
= +
e nhn
11, 36 m
n 0,18 mol
8
| ) | )
| )
| )
| )

+ = =
= = =
= =
3
3
3
3
Fe bd Fe NO
Fe NO
11, 36 m 3 m
0,18 m 8, 96 (g)
8 56
8, 96
n n 0,16 mol
56
m 0,16 242 38, 72 g
Cch 2: Ta c bn phn ng:
| ) | )
5 2
N 3e N
0,18 mol 0, 06 mol
+ +
+
Gi s cht oxi ho khng phi l NO
3
-
m l oxi, ta c bn phn ng sau:
| ) | )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2 3
2 3
2 3 3 3
3 3
0 2
Fe O
Fe O
Fe O Fe NO Fe NO
O 2e O
0,18 mol 0, 09 mol
m 11, 36 0, 09 16 12, 8 g
12, 8
n 0, 08 mol
160
n 2 n 2 0, 08 0,16 mol n 0,16 242 38, 72 g
+
= + =
= =
= = = = =
Cch 3: Ta quy hn hp v hai oxit l FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Khi hai oxit tc dng vi HNO
3
th c s thay i s oxi
ho nh sau:
| )
2 3
Fe Fe e
0,18 mol
+ +
+
| ) | )
5 2
N 3e N
0,18 mol 0, 06 mol
+ +
+
| )
| ) | )
| )
| ) | )
| )
| )
2 3 2 3
2 3 3
3
3
3
FeO
Fe O Fe O
FeO Fe O Fe NO
Fe NO
m 0,18 72 12, 96 g
1, 6
m 11, 36 12, 96 1, 6 g n 0, 01 mol
160
n n 2n 0,18 2 0, 01 0,16 mol
m 0,16 242 38, 72 g
= =
= = = =
= + = + =
= =
Bi 3: Cho 5,6 gam Fe tc dng vi oxi thu c 7,52 gam hn hp rn X. Cho hn hp rn X tc dng vi dung
dch HNO
3
(d) thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,448 lt B. 0,224 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 2,24 lt
Li gii:
| ) | ) | )
Fe O NO
5, 6 7, 52 5, 6
n 0,1 mol ; n 0,12 mol ; n x mol
56 16
= = = = =
Cch 1:
| ) | )
3
Fe Fe 3e
0,1 mol 0, 3 mol
+
+
| ) | )
| ) | )
0 2
5 2
O 2e O
0,12 mol 0, 24 mol
N 3e N
3x mol x mol
+ +
+
+
| ) =
e cho
n 0,3 mol | ) = +
e nhn
n 0, 24 3x mol
| )
+ = =
= = =
NO
0, 24 3x 0, 3 x 0, 02 (mol)
V 22, 4 x 22, 4 0, 02 0, 448 mol
Cch 2: Ta gi s 0,1 mol Fe ban u qua hai giai on oxi ho s bin thnh Fe
2
O
3
.
| ) | )
| )
2 3
2 3
Fe O
2Fe Fe O
0,1 mol 0, 05 mol
m 0, 05 160 8 gam
= =
| ) | )
5 2
N 3e N
3x mol x mol
+ +
+
Gi s cht oxi ho khng phi l NO
3
-
m l oxi, ta c bn phn ng sau:
| ) | )
o 2
O 2e O
3x mol 1, 5x mol
+
Ta c phng trnh:
| ) | )
NO
7, 52 1, 5x 16 8 x 0, 02 mol V 0, 448 l + = = =
Bi 4: t m gam Fe trong oxi thu c 48,8 gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe. Ho tan hon ton A
trong H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c 10,08 lt SO
2
duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 39,2. B. 32,9. C. 39,8. D. 35,5.
Li gii:
Ta c: | ) | )
2
SO O Fe
10, 08 48, 8 m m
n 0, 45 mol ; n (mol); n mol
22, 4 16 56
= = = =
S phn ng:
o
2 2 4
O 3 4 H SO
, t
2 4 3 2 2
2 3
FeO
Fe O
Fe A Fe (SO ) SO H O
Fe O
Fe
+ +
+ | +
Cch 1: Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh xy ra:

| )
3
Fe Fe 3e
m m
3 mol
56 56
+
+
| )
| ) | )
o 2
6 4
O 2e O
48, 8 m 48, 8 m
mol
16 8
S 2e S
0, 9 mol 0, 45 mol
+ +
+

+
| ) =
e cho
m
n 3 mol
56
| )
= +
e nhn
48,8 m
n 0, 9 mol
8

+ = =
48,8 m 3 m
0, 9 m 39, 2 (g)
8 56
Cch 2: Ta quy hn hp v hai oxit l FeO v Fe
2
O
3
. Khi hai oxit tc dng vi H
2
SO
4
th c s thay i s oxi
ho nh sau:
| ) | )
2 3
2 2Fe Fe 2e
0, 9 mol 0, 9 mol
+ +
+
| ) | )
6 4
S 2e S
0, 9 mol 0, 45 mol
+ +
+
| )
| ) | )
| ) | )
| )
2 3 2 3
2 3
FeO
Fe O Fe O
Fe FeO Fe O
Fe
m 0, 9 72 64, 8 g
16
m 48, 8 64, 8 16 g n 0,1 mol
160
n n 2n 0, 9 2 0,1 0, 7 mol
m 0, 7 56 39, 2 gam
= =
= = = =
= + = + =
= =
Bi 5: Nung nng 5,6 gam bt st trong bnh ng O
2
thu c 7,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
. Cho
X tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO
3
thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO
2
, t khi hi ca Y so
vi H
2
l 17,665. V c gi tr l:
A. 22,4 lt B. 0,672 lt C. 0,372 lt D. 1,12 lt
Li gii:
Ta c s sau:
+ + +

o
t
2 2 3 3 3 3 2
2
3 4
Fe
NO
Fe + O Fe O HNO Fe(NO )H O
NO
Fe O
| ) | ) | )
2
Fe O NO
5, 6 7, 36 5, 6
n 0,1 mol ; n 0,11 mol ; n x mol
56 16
= = = = =
| )
2
Y
Y Y
H
2
M
d 17, 665 M 17, 665 2 35, 33 g / mol
H
= = = =
T s ng cho ta suy ra:
2
NO
NO
n 2
n 1
=
| ) | )
3
Fe Fe 3e
0,1 mol 0, 3 mol
+
+
| ) | )
| ) | ) | )
0 2
5 2 4
O 2e O
0,11 mol 0, 22 mol
3N 8e 2 N N
8x mol 2x mol x mol
+ + +
+
+ +
| ) =
e cho
n 0,3 mol | ) = +
e nhn
n 0, 22 8x mol
| ) | )
= + =
= = = =
Y
0, 3 0, 22 8x x 0, 01(g)
n 0, 01 3 0, 03 mol V 0, 03 22, 4 0, 672 l
Bi 6: Cho 6,64 gam hn hp A gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch HNO
3
long, d thu c V lt hn hp
kh B ( ktc) gm NO, NO
2
(vi =
2
NO NO
n : n 2 ). Mt khc khi cho lung kh H
2
d i qua hn hp A nung
nng, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 5,04 gam Fe. Th tch hn hp kh B l :
A. 0,464 lt B. 0,672 lt C. 0,9408 lt D. 0,738 lt
Li gii:
S mol O c trong hn hp A l: | )
O
6, 64 5, 04
n 0,1 mol
16
= =
Da vo cc d kin cho, ta thit lp li bi ton tin li cho vic tnh ton, ta c s sau:
| ) | ) | )
+
+ + +

o
3
t
2 3 2
2 3 2
3 4
Fe
FeO 2NO
Fe + O HNO Fe H O
Fe O NO
Fe O
0,09 mol 0,05 mol 6, 64 gam
| ) | )
3
Fe Fe 3e
0, 09 mol 0, 27 mol
+
+
| ) | )
| ) | ) | )
0 2
5 2 4
O 2e O
0,1 mol 0, 2 mol
3N 5e N 2N
5x mol x mol 2x mol
+ + +
+
+ +
| ) =
e cho
n 0, 27 mol | ) = +
e nhn
n 0, 2 5x mol
| ) | )
= + =
= = = =
Y
0, 27 0, 2 5x x 0, 014 (g)
n 0, 014 3 0, 042 mol V 0, 042 22, 4 0, 9408 l
Dng 4: Mt s bi ton tng hp.
*Cc bi ton minh ho phng php ion electron:
Bi 1: C m
1
gam hn hp gm Mg v Al vo m
2
gam dung dch HNO
3
24%. Sau khi cc kim loi tan ht c 8,96
lt hn hp kh X gm N
2
O, N
2
bay ra (ktc) v c dung dch A. Thm mt lng O
2
va vo X, sau phn
ng c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d, c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Z i ra (ktc). T khi ca Z
i vi kh H
2
bng 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo A c kt ta duy nht thu c 62,2 gam kt ta.
1. Tnh m
1
, m
2
. Bit lng HNO
3
ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit.
2. Tnh C% cc cht trong dung dch
Li gii:
a). Tnh m
1
.
t:
2
2
NO (a mol)
N O (b mol) a + b+c =0,4 (mol) (*)
N (c mol)
X+O
2
Phng trnh phn ng:
2NO + O
2
2
2NO
| ) a a mol
Hn hp Y c:
2
2
NO (a mol)
N O (b mol)
N (c mol)
Y + dung dch NaOH

Phng trnh phn ng:
2 2 3 2
2NO 2NaOH NaNO NaNO H O + + +
Hn hp kh Z c:
2
2
N O (b mol) b + c = 0,2 (2*)
N (c mol)

Mt khc t gi thit v t khi: 44a + 28b = 8 (3*)

Gii h phng trnh (*)(2*)(3*):
a =0,2 (mol)
b = 0,15 (mol)
c = 0,05 (mol)
Giai on u: Cht kh
Mg (x mol)
Al (y mol)
Qu trnh kh Qu trnh oxi ha

3 2
3 2 2
3 2 2
NO 4H 3e NO 2H O
(mol) 0,8 0,6 0, 2
2NO 10H 8e N O 5H O
(mol) 1,5 1,2 0,15
2NO 12H 10e N 6H O
(mol)
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
0,6 0,5 0, 05
2
3
Mg 2e Mg
(mol) x 2x x
Al 3e Al
(mol) y 3y y
+
+

2x + 3y=0,6+1,2+0,5=2,3
Dung dch A c:
2 3
3
Mg (x mol) Al (y mol)
NO H (du)
+ +
+
A + dung dch NaOH

Phng trnh phn ng:
2
2
2
3
3
H OH H O
Mg 2OH Mg(OH)
(mol) x x
Al 3OH Al(OH)
(mol) y y
+
+
+
+
+
Theo bi:
2 3
Mg(OH)Al(OH)
1
m m 62, 2
58x 78y 62, 2 (5*)
m 24.0, 4 27.0, 5 23,1 gam
+ =
+ =
= + =
Tnh m
2
T qu trnh kh
3
HNO
H
n n 0, 8 1, 5 0, 6 2, 9(mol)
+
= = + + =

2
2, 9.63 120
m .100. 913, 5 gam
24 100
= =
S mol HNO
3
d c trong dung dch A=2,9.20%=0,58(mol)
Vit li: Dung dch A c:
2 3
3
Mg (0,4 mol) Al (0, 5 mol)
NO (2,88 mol) H (0,58 mol)
+ +
+
Hay
3 2
3 2 3
Mg(NO ) (0,4 mol)
Al(NO ) (0,5 mol) v HNO (0,58 mol)
Khi lng dung dch A = m

1
+ m
2
- m
2 2
(NO N O N ) + + |
= 23,1+ 913,5 - (0,2.30+0,15.44+0,05.28)
= 922,6 gam
C% Mg(NO
3
)
2
= 6,42%
C% Al(NO
3
)
3
=11,54%
C% HNO
3
= 3,96%
Bi 2: Ha tan hon ton hn hp A gm Mg, Cu vo mt lng va dung dch H
2
SO
4
70% (c, nng), thu
c 1,12 lt kh SO
2
(ktc) v dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng vi NaOH d c kt ta C; nung C n
khi lng khng i, c hn hp cht rn E. Cho E tc dng vi lng d H
2
(nung nng) thu c 2,72 gam
hn hp cht rn F. Tnh s gam Mg, Cu c trong hn hp A.
Cho thm 6,8 gam nc vo dung dch B c dung dch B
. Tnh nng % cc cht trong B(xem nh lng

nc bay hi khng ng k).
( thi tuyn sinh Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni nm 1998)
Li gii:
Qu trnh oxi ha:
2
2
Mg Mg 2e
x x 2x(mol)
Cu Cu 2e
y y 2y(mol)
+
+
+
+
Qu trnh kh:
2
4 2 2
SO 4H 2e SO 2H O
+
+ + +
0,05 0,2 0,1 0,05 (mol)
Dung dch B tc dng vi NaOH:
o
o
o
2
2
2
2
t
2 2
t
2 2
t
2 2
Mg 2OH Mg(OH)
x 2x x
Cu 2OH Cu(OH)
y 2y y
Mg(OH)MgO H O
x x x
Cu(OH)CuO H O
y y
CuO H Cu H O
y y
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
MgO + H
2
o
t
khng phn ng
cht rn F l hn hp Cu v MgO c khi lng l 2,72 gam
2
SO
1,12
n 0, 05 (mol)
22, 4
= =
Gi x, y ln lt l s ml Mg, Cu trong hn hp A
Ta c:
2x 2y 0,1 x 0, 02
40x 64y 2, 72 y 0, 03
+ = =

+ = =

Mg
Cu
m 24 0, 02 0, 48 gam
m 64 0, 03 1, 92 gam
= =
= =
Ta c:
2 4
H SO
H
1 0, 2
n n 0,1
2 2
+
= = = (mol)
2 4
H SO
m 0,1 98 9, 8 = = (gam)
2 4
H SO
m dng:
9, 8 100%
14gam
70%
=
Dung dch Bgm: MgSO
4
, CuSO
4
v H
2
O
,
B
m (14 0, 48 1, 92 6, 8)3, 2 20gam = + + + =
Do :
4
4
0, 02 120
C%MgSO 100% 12%
20
0, 03 160
C%CuSO 100% 24%
20
= =
= =
Bi 3: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp hai kim loi hai chu k k thuc nhm IIA tc dng vi ht dung dch HCl
d thu c 0,672l kh H
2
thot ra (ktc). Xc nh hai kim loi.
Li gii:
2
H
n 0, 03(mol) =
M M
n+
+ 2e
a a 2a
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
0,06 0,03
p dng nh lut bo ton electron:
a = 0,03 mol nn M
M
= 55,666666.
M
Ca
= 40 < 55,6666 < M
Sr
=80
Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 4,76 gam hn hp Zn, Al c t l mol 1:2 trong dung dch HNO
3
c dung dch X cha
m gam mui khan v khng thy kh thot ra. Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu?
Li gii:
Gi
Zn
n = a ; n
Al
= b
Ta c: 65a + 27b = 4,76 (1)
2a - b = 0 (2)
Gii (1) v (2) ta c:
a = 0,04 mol
b = 0,08 mol
Khi to mui , s mol kim loi khng i
2n =
3 2
Zn(NO )
n = 0,04 mol ; n
Al
=
3 3
Al(NO )
n = 0,08 mol
1 mol Zn(NO
3
)
2
c 2 mol
3
NO
.
1 mol Al(NO
3
)
3
c 3 mol
3
NO
3
NO
n
trong mui kim loi
= 0,04 2 + 0,08 3 = 0,32 mol
Phn ng khng to kh to NH
4
NO
3
3 4 2
NO 10H 8e NH 3H O
+ +
+ + +
m
mui khan
= m
mui kim loi
+ m
mui amoni
= 0,04 189 + 0,08 213 + 0,04 80
= 27,8 gam
Bi 5: Cho hn hp 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H
2
SO
4
0,5M v NaNO
3
0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO ( sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V
ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l:
Li gii:
n
electron cho
=
1,12 1, 92
3 2 0,12
56 64
+ = (mol)
3
NO
n

= 0,08 (mol)
Da vo bn phn ng:
3
NO
+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O
H
n
+
= 0,4 2 0,5 -
4
3
0,12 0, 24
1
+
0,1= 0,24 (mol)
V =
0,12 0, 24
1
+
= 0,36 (lt) = 360 ml
Bi 6: Cho a gam Fe ha tan trong dung dch HCl (th nghim 1), sau khi c cn dung dch thu c 3,2 gam cht
rn. Nu cho a gam Fe v b gam Mg (th nghim 2) vo dung dch HCl (cng vi lng nh trn) sau khi c cn
dung dch th thu c 3,34 gam cht rn v 448ml H
2
.
Tnh a, b v khi lng cc mui
Li gii:
*Th nghim 1:
2
H
0, 448
n 0, 02 mol
22, 4
= =
Nu khi ch ring Fe, Fe tan ht th:
2
2
FeCl
Fe
3,1
n n 0, 024mol
127
+
= = =
Vy H
+
gii phng l 0,024. Nh vy khi cho c Mg, Fe vo dung dch HCl th
2
H
n gii phng t nht cng phi l
0,024 mol, theo u bi ch c 0,02 mol H
2
. Vy th nghim 1 Fe d.
2 2
FeCl FeCl
n 0, 02 m 0, 02 127 2, 54gam = = =
m
Fe d
3,2 2,54 = 0,56 gam n
Fe d
= 0,01 mol
Fe Fe
n 0, 01 0, 02 0, 03 m a 0, 03 56 1, 68gam = + = = = =
* Th nghim 2:
Gi s Fe hon ton khng tham gia phn ng (Mg hot ng ha hc mnh hn Fe) th khi lng
2
MgCl 3, 34 1, 66 1, 68gam = =
2
2
FeCl
Fe
1, 68
n n 0, 017mol
95
+
= = = . S mol ny ti thiu phi l 0,02 mi ng. Nh vy mt phn Fe tham gia v
Mg ht.
Qu trnh oxi ha:
2
Mg Mg 2e
24g 95g
95b 95b
bg
24 12
+
+
2
Fe Fe 2e
56g 127g
127x 127x
x g
56 28
+
+
Qu trnh kh:
2
H 2e H
x x x x
2
24 56 24 56
+
+
| |
+ +
|
\ .
Ta c:
Fe
95b 127x
x 3, 34 1, 68 1, 66 x m 1, 68
b 0, 24
24 56
95b 127x
x x x 0, 56 3, 34
2 0, 02
24 56
24 56
+ = = + =

=

= | | + =

+ =
|
\ .
Vy: m
Mg
= 0,24 gam; m
Fe
=1,68 gam
Bi 7: Hn hp A l hp kim Al Cu (dng bt)
Ly m g hn hp A ha tan bng 500ml dung dch NaOH nng a mol/l cho n khi kh ngng thot ra th thu
c 6,72l H
2
(dktc) v cn li m
1
g kim loi khng tan. Mt khc ly m g hn hp A ha bng 500ml dung dch
HNO
3
nng b mol/l cho n khi ngng thot ra thu c 6,72l kh NO duy nht ( ktc) v cn li m
2
g kim
loi khng tan trn em oxi ha hon ton thnh oxi th thu c 1,6064 m
1
g v 1,542 m
2
g oxit.
1.Tnh nng mol ca cc dung dch NaOH v HNO
3
2.Tnh khi lng m
3.Tnh % khi lng Cu trong hp kim.
Li gii:
2 2 2
3
Al NaOH H O NaAlO H
2
|
+ + +
S mol H
2
:
6, 72
0, 3
22, 4
= mol
S mol NO:
6, 72
0,3
22, 4
= mol
Khi cho hn hp A tc dng vi NaOH, ch c Al tc dng:
2
Al AlO 3e
+ (1)
0,2 0,6
2
2H 2e H
+
+ (2)
0,6 0,6 0,3
Khi cho hn hp A tc dng vi HNO
3
ta c thm phn ng kh:
3 2
NO 4H 3e NO 2H O
+
+ + + (3)
0,3 0,9 0,3
Gi s Al phn ng ht to thnh Al
3+
th m
2
g cht rn cn li l Cu.
Khi :
2
1
Cu O CuO
2
+ (4)
64g 80g
Theo (4), t l khi lng gia CuO v Cu l:
80 5
1, 542
64 4
= = : tri vi gi thuyt
Trong m
2
cn d Al.
Al c tnh kh mnh hn Cu m Al d nn Cu cha phn ng.
T (2) v (3) trong m
1
lng Al d nhiu hn
0, 9 0, 6
0,1
3
= mol Al.
Mt khc khi tc dng vi NaOH, Al cn d nn NaOH phn ng ht.
S mol NaOH
2
3
= s mol H
2
0, 3.2
0, 2
3
= = mol
() M NaOH
C = a mol/l =
0, 2
0, 4
0, 5
= mol/l
T (3) ch mi c 0,3 mol Al phn ng HNO
3
:
H
n 4.0, 3mol
+
=
Vy b
4.0, 3
2, 4
0, 5
= = mol/l
2. Do lng Cu ban u vn cn nguyn trong m
1
v m
2
nhng m
1
> m
2
v trong m
1
c Al d nhiu hn 0,1mol hay
m
1
m
2
= 27.0,1=2,7g (5)
Ta c phn ng:
2 2 3
3
2Al O Al O
2
+
54g 102g
2,7g
100.2, 7
5,1g
54
=
m
1
nng hn m
2
mt lng l 2,7g Al nn khi Al b oxi ha th lng oxit nhiu hn 5,1g.
1, 6064 m
1
1,542m
2
= 5,1 (6)
Gii h phng trnh (5) v (6) ta c:
m
1
= 14,5g, m
2
=11,8g
T (2) => m = m
1
+ 0,2.27 = 14,5 + 5,4 =19,9g
3. Gi x l s mol ca Cu ban u hay s mol ca Cu trong m
1
, y l s mol ca Al ban u th (y 0,2) l s mol
Al trong m
1
. Ta c:
x mol Cu x mol CuO
(y 0,2) mol Al
y 0, 2
2
mol Al
2
O
3
Ta c h phng trnh:
64x + 27y = 19,9
x = 0,1 mol Cu (7)
80x +
y 0, 2
102
2
= 14,5.1,6064
(7)
0,1.64.100
%Cu 32,16%
19, 9
= =
Bi 8: Chia hn hp hai kim loi A v B c ha tr tng ng l n v m thnh 3 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho ho tan ht trong dng dch HCl thu c 1,792 l H
2
(ktc)
- Phn 2: cho tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c 1,344 lt kh (ktc), cn li cht rn khng tan c khi lng bng
4
13
khi lng mi phn.
- Phn 3: nung trong oxi d c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit l
2 n
A O v
2 m
B O .
1. Tnh tng khi lng ca hai kim loi trong
1
3
hn hp ban u.
2. Hy xc nh hai kim loi A v B.
(Cu III- 67 BT H- 1993)
Phn tch:
Bi ton ny khng n gin l kim loi tc dng vi kim, m l hn hp kim loi v ng thi hn hp ny c
th tc dng vi axit v tc dng vi kim.
Li gii:
1. Trong phn 1 c a gam hn hp 2 kim loi b oxi ha bi H
+
tc l nhng electron cho H
+
theo cc phng
trnh phn ng:
n
2
n
A nH A H
2
+ + |
+ + (3)
m
2
m
B mH B H
2
+ + |
+ + (4)
2
1
H e H
2
+ |
+ (5) 0,16 0,08
S mol H
2
:
1, 792
0, 08
22, 4
= mol
(5) cho thy s mol electron m H
+
thu ca a gam kim loi l 0,16 mol e.
V tng s oxi ha ca A, B trong (1), (2), (3), (4) ging nhau nn a gam hn hp 2 kim loi phn 3 cng
nhng cho oxi 0,16 mol e, v oxi nhn electron theo phn ng:
Trong phn 2: A, B kh oxi theo bn phn ng kh:
2
O 2e O

+ (6)
0,16 0,08
Theo (6) s mol O kt hp vi a gam kim loi l 0,08 mol thnh 2,84 g hn hp 2 oxit:
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c:
a = 2,84 0,08.16 = 1,56 gam
2. Trong 1,56 gam hn hp (A, B) ca phn 2 c mt kim loi A hoc B khng kh c H ca dung dch kim,
gi s kim loi l A, kim loi kh c l B. Theo gi thuyt khi lng ca A l
4
.1, 56 0, 48g
13
= v ca B l
1,56 0,48 = 1,08g B
B kh c dung dch kim m bn cht l kh H ca H
2
O theo phn ng kh:
m 2
2 2
m m m
B H O B H O
2 2 2
+
+ + + (7)
Theo gi thit s mol H
2
l:
1, 344
0, 06
22, 4
= mol
n
H
= 0,12 mol
Tng t nh trn mun gii phng 0,12 mol H th 1,08 gam hay
1, 08
mol
B
B phi nhng 0,12 mol electron.
n
A A ne
+
+ (1)
m
B B me
+
+ (2)
1, 08
B
B 9m = vi m, n
*
N e v n, m s 4 (8)
Ta thy
M = 3 B = 9.3 = 27: Al
S mol e m 0,48 gam A nhng cho H
+
l:
(0,16 0,12) = 0,04 mol e
Ta c: 1 mol A n mol e
0, 48
mol
27
A 0,04 mol e
A = 12n (vi n 4 s v
*
n N e ) (9)
T (9) n 2 A 12.2 24 = = = : Mg
Bi 9: C 1 cc ng p gam dung dch cha HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
. Ha tan ht 4,8 gam hn hp 2 kim loi M, N c ha
tr khng i vo dung dch trong cc th thu c 2,1504 l hn hp 2 kh NO
2
v A (ktc).
(a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, bit rng sau phn ng khi lng cc cht cha trong cc tng thm 0,096g
so vi p.
(b) Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c
(c) Khi t l mol HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
trong dung dch thay i th s mol kh thot ra s thay i trong khong gii hn
no? (gi nguyn thnh phn v khi lng 2 kim loi trong hn hp)
Hng dn:
Xc nh thnh phn hn hp kh
A c th l H
2
, SO
2
, H
2
S
Tm s mol
2
3 4
NO , SO

to mui
tm gii hn ta gi s:
- Hn hp ch c HNO
3
2
NO
n
- Hn hp ch c H
2
SO
4
2
SO
n
Li gii:
n
hn hp kh
2,1504
0, 096mol
22, 4
= =
Theo bi ta c:
p + 4,8 - m
kh
= p + 0,096g
m
kh
= 4,704g
M hn hp kh
4, 704
49
0, 096
= =
p dng quy tc ng cho hn hp 2 kh l
2
2
NO amol
SO bmol
(b) ta c h phng trnh:

a b 0, 096 a 0, 08
46a 64b 4, 704 b 0, 016
+ = =

+ = =

t M x(mol) c ha tr m
N ymol c ha tr n
Ta c:
Qu trnh oxi ha:
m
M M me
+
+
x x xm (mol)
n
N N ne
+
+
y y ny (mol)
Qu trnh kh :
3 2 2
NO 2H e NO H O(*)
+
+ + +
0,08 0,16 0,08 0,08 (mol)
2
4 2 2
SO 4H 2e SO H O
+
+ + + (**)
0,16 0,64 0,032 0,016 (mol)
T (*)
3
3
H NO
2
NO
n 0,16mol n (bd)
n (taoNO )0, 08mol
+
= =
3
NO
n

to mui
3
NO
n

= (ban u) -
3
NO
n

(to NO
2
)
= 0,16 0,08 = 0,08 mol
T (**)
2
4
SO
n

(to mui) = 0,032 0,016 = 0,016 mol
m
Mui
= m
kim loi
+
anion
m
= 4,8 + 0,08.62 + 0,016.96 = 11,296g

(c) Gi s ch c axit HNO
3
Phng trnh phn ng:
3 3 n 2 2
M 2mHNO M(NO )mNO mH O + + +
x xm
3 3 n 2 2
N 2nHNO N(NO )nNO nH O + + +
Y ny
2
NO
n mx ny 0,112mol = + =
Gi s ch c H
2
SO
4
Phng trnh phn ng:
2 4 2 4 m 2 2
2M 2mH SO M (SO )mSO 2mH O + + +
x 0,5mx
2 4 2 4 n 2 2
2N 2nH SO N (SO )nSO 2nH O + + +
y 0,5y
2
SO
n 0, 5(mx ny)0, 5.0,112 0, 056mol
0, 056 n 0,112
= + = =
< |<
Bi 10: Cho hn hp A gm 3 kim loi X, Y, Z c ha tr ln lt 3, 2, 1 v t l mol ln lt l 1: 2 : 3 trong s
mol ca X l x (mol). Ha tan hon ton A bng dung dch cha y gam HNO
3
(ly d 25%). Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch B khng cha NH
4
NO
3
v V lt hn hp G (o iu kin tiu chun) gm NO
2
v NO.
(a) Vit cc qu trnh oxi ha kh xy ra trong cc th nghim
(b) Lp biu thc tnh y theo x v V.
Hng dn:
Bi ton a n tnh hung kh khn khi vit phng trnh phn ng v l kh c th bit c kim loi no to
kh g hay cn c mi kim loi to 2 kh.
Lu bi khng c gi thuyt xc nh t l mol 2 kh NO
2
v NO nn cn vit 2 qu trnh kh.
Gii
Thit lp h thc lin lc gia x, y, V
t
X (x mol)
Y (2x mol)
Z (3x mol)
3
HNO
n (tham gia phn ng) =
y 100 0, 8y
mol
63 125 63
=
Giai on u: Cht kh X, Y, Z
Giai on sau: Cht oxi ha:
3
NO
t NO
2
(a mol) v NO (b mol)
3
3 3 3
2
3 3 2
3 3
X 3e X 3NO X(NO )
(mol) x x 3x
Y - 2e Y 2NO Y(NO )
(mol) 2x 2x 4x
Z - e Z NO ZNO
(mol) 3x 3x 3x
+
+
+
+

+

+

3 2 2
3 2
NO 2H e NO H O
(mol) a a
NO 4H 3e NO 2H O
(mol) b b
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
3
NO
n

(to hn hp kh)=
0, 8y
10x mol (*)
63
| |
|
\ .
3
NO
n

(to hn hp kh) = a+b =

V
22, 4
(lt) (2*)
T (*) v (2*):
0, 8y V V
10x Y 78, 75 10x
63 22, 4 22, 4
| |
= = +
|
\ .
Bi 11: Cho hn hp gm FeO, Cu
2
O, CuO, Fe
3
O
4
c cng s mol x tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
thu c
hn hp kh gm 0,09mol NO
2
v 0,05mol NO. Tnh s mol mi cht?
Li gii:
Coi Fe
3
O
4
= FeO.Fe
2
O
3
2
Fe 2x
+
=
Ta c:
Qu trnh oxi ho :
Fe
2+
Fe
3+
+ e
2x 2x
Cu
+1
Cu
2+
+ e
2x 2x (mol)
Qu trnh kh :
N
+5
+1e N
+4
0,09 0,09 0,09
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
0,15 0,15 (mol)
nhuong nhan
e e
n n 4x 0, 09 0,15 x 0, 06 = = + =

Vy s mol mi cht l 0,06mol.
Bi 12: Cho m gam hn hp bt A gm Fe, Cu (trong Fe chim 36,84% khi lng) lu trong khng kh
bin thnh 36,8 gam hn hp B gm Cu, CuO, Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Cho B tan hon ton trong V lt dung dch
HNO
3
4M ly d 30% so vi lng cn thit, ta thu c 4,48 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO v NO
2
c t
khi vi hidro bng 19.
a) Tnh m.
b) Tnh V.
Li gii:
| )
| ) | )
2 3
2
ddX Fe 36, 48%m
A O 36, 8 g B HNO V, 4M
4, 48(l)C: NO NO Cu

+ +

+

Trong 100 gam hn hp A c 36,48 gam Fe v 100 - 36,48 = 63,16 gam Cu, ta c:
| )
| ) | )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2
Cu Cu Fe Fe
Cu Fe
Fe Cu A
O trongB
C
C NO,NO
m n 64 63,16 g ; m n 56 36, 84
n : n 3: 2 1, 5
n x mol ; n 1, 5x mol m 56x 64 1, 5x 152x
36, 8 152x
n mol
16
M 2d 2 19 38 gam/ mol ; n 4, 48: 22, 4 0, 2 mol
= = = =
= =
= = = + =
=
= = = = =
V: | )
2
C
NO NO
30 46 0, 2
M 38 n n 0,1 mol
2 2
+
= = = = =
| )
| )
| )
| )
3
2
cho
Fe Fe 3e
x x 3x mol
Cu Cu 2e
1, 5x 1, 5x 3x mol
e 6x mol
+
+
+
+
=
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2
3 2 2
nhuong
O 2e O
36, 8 152x
36, 8 152x
mol
16 8
2NO 6H 4e NO NO 3H O
0, 6 0, 4 0,1 mol
36, 8 152x
e 0, 4 mol
8
+
+
+ + | + | +
= +
p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c:

| )
| )
| )
36, 8 152x
0, 4 6x x 0, 2 mol
8
m 152 0, 2 30, 4 gam
+ = =
= =
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
3
3
HNO phan ung
HNO sudung
n 0, 6 mol
n 0, 6 0, 6 0, 3 0, 78 mol
V 0, 78: 4 0,195 l
=
= + =
= =
Bi 13: Ho tan 5,76 Cu trong 80 ml dd HNO
3
ch thu c NO v dung dch X. Sau khi phn ng kt thc cho
thm lng d H
2
SO
4
vo dung dch X thu c ly thy c kh NO bay ra. Gii thch v tnh th tch kh NO bay
ra sau khi thm lng d H
2
SO
4
.
Li gii:
| ) | )
3
3
Cu HNO
NO
n 5, 76: 64 0, 09 mol ; n n 0, 08 2 0,16 mol
= = = = =
| )
2
Cu Cu 2e
0, 09 0,18 mol
+
+
| )
3 2
NO 4H 3e NO 2H O
0,16 0,12 mol
+
+ + | +
Ta thy:
| )
| ) 3
Cu Cucho
NO nhan
e e n
>

d.
| ) Cu du
0,12
n 0, 09 0, 03(mol)
2
= =
Vy trong phn ng trn Cu nhng 0,12 (mol) e th n cng nhn li 0,12 (mol) NO
3
-
to mui.
| )
| )
3
NO trong X
n 0,12 mol
= .
Khi thm H
2
SO
4
vo dung dch X, ion NO
3
-
c tnh oxi ho trong mi trng axit nn li c phn ng:
| ) | )
2
3 2
3Cu 2NO 8H 3Cu 2NO 4H O
0, 03 mol 0,12 mol
+ +
+ + + +
So snh t l mol, ta thy Cu phn ng ht v NO
3
-
d, nn ta tnh theo Cu.
| ) | )
NO
NO
n 0, 03 2: 3 0, 02 mol V 0, 02 22, 4 0, 448 l .
|
= = = =
Bi 14: Ha tan hon ton 5,94 gam kim loa R trong 564 ml dung dch HNO
3
10% (d = 1,05g/ml) thu c dung
dch X v 2,688 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm N
2
O v NO. T khi ca Y i vi hiro l 18,5. Kim loi R l:
(Ngn)
A. Al B. Cr C. Fe D. Zn
Hng dn gii:
Qu trnh oxi ho:
n
R R ne
+
+
Qu trnh kh:
| )
3 2 2
2NO 10H 8e N O 5H O
10x 8x x mol
+
+ + +
| )
3 2
NO 4H 3e NO 2H O
4x 3x x mol
+
+ + +
3
HNO
n 0, 94 = mol
Da vo t khi
2
N O NO
n n =
x = 0,06 mol
ne = 8x + 3x = 0,66
0, 66
R 5, 94 R 9n
n
= =
R= 27 (Al)
Bi 15: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit
3
HNO , thu c V lt ( ktc) hn
hp kh X (gm NO v
2
NO ) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi
2
H bng 19.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24 B. 4,48 C. 5,60 D. 3,36
Li gii:
Gi x =
Cu Fe
n n =
Fe Cu
m m 12 gam 56x 64x 12 x 0,1 mol + = + = =
Biu thc LBT electron:
| ) | )
2
Fe Cu NO NO
3.n 2.n 5 2 .n 5 4 .n
3.0,1 + 2.0,2 = 3.a + b 3a + b = 5 (1)
+ = +

Theo : dX/
2
H =19 Mx 19.2 38 = =
30a 46b
38 a b (2).
a b
+
= =
+
T (1,2): a = b = 0,125 mol
hh Kh
V 22, 4.(0,125 0,125)5, 6 lt = + =
Bi 16: Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe c t khi tng ng l 7:3. Ly m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dich
cha 0,7 mol HNO
3
. Sau phn ng cn li 0,75m gam cht rn v c 0,25 mol kh Y gm NO v NO
2
. Gi tr ca
m l:
A. 40,5 B. 50,4 C. 50,2 D. 50
Li gii:
Ta c:
Fe Cu
3
m m 0, 3m(g); m 0, 7m(g)
3 7
= = =
+
V Fe phn ng trc Cu v sau phn ng cn 0,75m (g) cht rn
Cu cha phn ng 0,7m
Fe d 0,75m 0,7m= 0,05m

Fe
m
phn ng
= 0,3m 0,05m = 0,25m (g)
Fe d nn ch to mui Fe(NO
3
)
2
, HNO
3
ht (lu ch H
+
ht;
3
NO
cn trong mui)
2 o
Fe - 2e Fe
0, 25m 0, 25m
56 28
+
3 2
3 2 2
NO + 4H 3e NO 2H O
4a 3a a (mol)
NO + 2H 1e NO 2H O
2b b b (mol)
+
+
+ +
+ +
| ) e nhan
a b 0, 25 a 0,1
4a 2b 0, 7 b 0,15
n 3a b 0, 45 (mol)
+ = =

+ = =

= + =

0, 25m
0, 45 m 50, 4 (g)
28
= =
Bi 17: Ha tan 5,6 gam hn hp Fe, Cu vo dung dich HNO
3
1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c 3,92
gam cht rn khng tan v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit rng trong hn hp ban u Cu chim 60% v
khi lng. Th tch dung dich HNO
3
dng l:
A. 0,07 lt B. 0,08 lt C. 0,12 lt D. 0,16 lt
Li gii:
Ta c: m
Cu
= 60% x 5.6 = 3,6 (g)
m
Fe
= 5,5 3,36 = 2,24 (g)
V Fe phn ng trc Cu m m
rn
= 3,2 g
Cu cha phn ng 3.36 g
Fe d: 3,92 3,36 = 0,6 g
m
Fe phn ng
= 2,4 0,6 = 1,8g n
Fe phn ng
= 0,3 mol
- Do Fe d nn ch to mui Fe
2+
:
Qu trnh nhng electron:
2
0
Fe - 2e Fe
0.03 0.06 (mol)
+
3 2
NO + 4H 3e NO 2H O(*)
0.08 0.06 (mol)
+
+ +
3
HNO
V =
0, 08
0, 08
1
=
Bi 18: Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu
c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn
khng tan G. t chy X v G cn va V lt kh O
2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,48 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 2,8 lt D. 0,8 lt
Li gii:
| )
| )
| )

o
2
2
+ O t HCl 2
2 2
2
Fe FeCl
5, 6 g Fe
H O
M FeS X : H S H
SO 2, 4 g S
S G : S
| ) = = = = =
Fe S O
5, 6 2, 4
n 0,1(mol); n 0, 075(mol); n x mol
56 32
Xt c qu trnh phn ng th ta thy nhng cht c s thay i s oxi ho l: Fe, S v O
2
.
Ta c cc bn phn ng oxi ho - kh nh sau:
| )
| )
| )
| )
o 2
o 4
e cho
Fe Fe 2e
0,1 0, 2 mol
S S 4e
0, 075 0, 3 mol
n 0, 2 0, 3 0, 5 mol
+
+
+
+
= + =
| )
| )
| )
o 2
e nhan
O 2e O
x 2x mol
n 2x mol
+
=
p dng nh lut bo ton electron :

| )
| ) | )
2 2
O
O O O
0, 5 2x x n 0, 25 mol
1
n n 0,125 mol V 0,125 22, 4 2, 8 l
2
= = =
= = = =
Bi 19: Cho m
1
gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,3M v AgNO
3
0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton th thu c m
2
gam cht rn X. Nu cho m
2
gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th thu c
0,336 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m
1
v m
2
ln lt l:
A. 8,1 v 5,43 B. 1,08 v 5,16 C. 0,54 v 5,16 D. 1,08 v 5,43
Li gii:
X tc dng vi HCl cn gii phng 0,336 : 11,2 = 0,03 mol H chng t trong X xn Al d.
| ) 2
Ag Cu
n n 0,1 0, 3 0, 03 mol
+ +
= = =
Bn phn ng kh: Bn phn ng oxi ho Al:
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2
nhan
Ag e Ag
0, 03 0, 03 0, 03 mol
Cu 2e Cu
0, 03 0, 06 0, 03 mol
H e H
0, 03 0, 03 0, 03 mol
e 0,12 mol
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
| )
| )
| )
3
cho
Al Al 3e
x x 3x mol
e 3x mol
+
+
=
Theo nh lut bo ton in tch, ta suy ra: x = 0,04 (mol)

| )
| )
1
2
m 0, 04 27 1, 08 gam
m 0, 03 108 0, 03 64 0, 01 27 5, 43 gam
= =
= + + =
Bi 20: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi Al v Cu. Ho tan hon ton 18,2 gam X vo 100 ml dung dch B cha ng
thi H
2
SO
4
12M v HNO
3
2M, un nng. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 8,96 lt hn hp kh (ktc) T
gm NO v SO
2
. T khi ca T so vi H
2
l 23,5. Khi lng ca mui trong dung dch Y l
A. 34,2 gam. B. 32,0 gam. C. 66,2 gam. D. 33,1 gam.
Li gii
D dng tm c:
2
NO SO
n 0, 2 mol; n 0, 2(mol) = =
Dung dch B gm:
2
4
NO
H SO
n 2, 6 mol ; n 1, 2 mol ; n 0, 2 mol.
+
= = =
| )
| )
3
2
Al Al 3e
x 3x mol
Cu Cu 2e
y 2y mol
+
+
+
+
2
4 2 2
3 2
SO 2e 4H SO 3H O
0, 2 0, 4 0, 8 0, 2
NO 3e 4H NO 2H O
0, 2 0, 6 0, 8 0, 2
+
+
+ + +
+ + +
p dng s bo ton electron, ta c: 3x + 2y = 1 (1)
Phng trnh khi lng : 27x + 64y =18,2 (2)
Gii h (1) v (2), ta c : n
Al
= 0,2 mol ; n
Cu
= 0,2 mol.
Dung dch Y gm:
| ) | ) | ) | ) 3 2 2
4
Al Cu H SO
n 0, 2 mol ; n 0, 2 mol ; n 1 mol ; n 1 mol
+ + +
= = = =
(
3
NO
b oxi ho ht).
Y gm cc mui sunfat:
| )
| )
| )
| )
2 4
3
4
Al SO
CuSO
m 0,1.342 34, 2 g
m 0, 2. 160 32 g
m 34, 2 32 66, 2 g
= =
= =
= + =
*Cc bi ton c gii theo phng php bo ton electron:

Bi 1: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long ,un nng v khuy u.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36l kh NO (ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 g kim loi. C
cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan.Tnh gi tr ca m.
Li gii:
V cn li 2,4 g kim loi nn ta ch thu c dung dch cha
2+
Fe . Gi x, y ln lc l s mol ca Cu, Fe
3
O
4
Qu trnh oxi ha:
| )
o 2
Cu Cu 2e
x x 2x mol
+
+
Qu trnh kh:
| )
| )
8
3
2
3
5 2
Fe 2e 3Fe
y 2y 3y mol
N 3e N
0,15 0, 45 mol
+
+
+ +
+
+
NO
n =
3.36
22.4
= 0,15 (mol)
p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c
2x - 2y = 0,45 (1)
64x + 232y = 61,2 2,4 (2)
Gii (1) v (2) ta c: x = 0,375
y = 0,15
m
mui
= 0,375 188 + 0,15 3 180
= 151,5 gam
Bi 2: Cho 3,024gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO
3
long, thu c 940,8ml kh N
x
O
y
(sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H
2
l 22. Kh N
x
O
y
v kim loi M l:
Li gii:
Da vo bi, ta c phng trnh sau:
14x + 16y = 44
x =
22 8y
7
Gii phng trnh trn ta c: x = 2 ; y = 1

x y 2
N O l N O
Qu trnh oxi ha: Qu trnh kh:
| )
n
M M ne
0, 336
0, 336 mol
n
+
+
5 1
2
2N 8e N
0, 336 0, 042
+ +
+
Ta c n
e (cho)
= n
e (nhn)
= 8
0, 9408
22, 4
= 0,336 (mol)
T M
M
=
3, 024
0, 336
n
= 9n
(vi n l s oxi ho cao nht ca M)
Vy M l Al
Bi 3: Ha tan hon ton 10.4g hn hp A gm Fe v kim loi R(c ha tri khng i ng trc H) bng dung
dch HCl thu c 6,72l kh H
2
(ktc). Mt khc nu cho A tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO
3
long d thu
c 1,96l kh N
2
O duy nht (ktc) v khng tao ra NH
4
NO
3
.
Xc nh kim loi R.
Li gii:
- Hn hp tc dng vi dung dch HCl
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
a(mol) 2a(mol)
R R
+n
+ ne
b(mol) nb(mol)
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
0,6(mol) 0,3(mol)
Ta c: nb + 2a = 0,6 mol (1)
- Hn hp tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
Fe Fe
+3
+ 3e
a(mol) 3a(mol)
R R
+n
+ ne
b(mol) nb(mol)
| )
1 5
2
2N 8e N
0, 7 0, 0875 mol
+ +
+
p dng nh lut bo ton electron, ta c:
nb + 3a = 0,7 (mol) (2)
T (1) v (2): nb = 0,4(mol); a = 0,1 (mol)
M
Fe
= 5,6g m
R
= 4,8g
R
4, 8n
M 12n
0, 4
= =
n = 2 nn M
R
= 24 R =Mg
n 1 2 3
M 9 18 27
(loi) (loi) Al
Bi 4: Cho 3,024g kim loi M tan ht trong dung dich HNO
3
long ,thu c 940,8 ml N
x
O
y
(sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc) c t khi hi so vi H
2
l 22. Xc nh kh N
x
O
y
v kim loi M.
Li gii:
x y
N O
M 44 = nn : 16x +14y = 44
Bin lun ta c kh N
x
O
y
l N
2
O
x y
N O
n 0, 042 9(mol) =
M M
+n
+ ne
a(mol) na(mol)
2N
5+
+ 8e 2N
+1
0,336(mol) 0,042(mol)
na =0,336 (mol) nn M
M
=
3, 024n
9n
0, 336
=
n = 3 nn M
M
=27 M:Al
Bi 5: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm : 0,02 mol FeS
2
v 0,03 mol FeS vo lng d dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng
thu c Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
, SO
2
v H
2
O. Hp th ht SO
2
bng lng va dung dch KMnO
4
thu c dung dch Y
khng mu, trong sut, c pH = 2. Tnh th tch dung dch Y.
Li gii :
Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c :
FeS
2
Fe
+3
+ 2S
+4
+ 11e
0,02 0,04 0,22 (mol)
FeS Fe
+3
+ S
+4
+ 7e
0,03 0,03 0,21 (mol)
S
+6
+ 2e S
+4
(0,22 + 0,21) 0,215 (mol)
2
SO
n = 0,215 + 0,04 + 0,03= 0,285 mol
Khi cho SO
2
vo dung dch KMnO
4
:
5SO
2
+ 2H
2
O + 2KMnO
4
2MnSO
4
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
SO
4
Theo phn ng.
2 4
H SO
n =
2
5
2
SO
n = 0,114 mol
H
n
+
= 0,228 mol
V
dd
=
0, 228
0, 01
= 28,8 lt
Bi 6: 2,52g bt st trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 2,84g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
.
ha tan ht X cn 500ml dung dch HNO
3
a M thy sinh ra 0,56 lt NO l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch
Y.
Tnh a.
Li gii :
Dung dch Y c th gm Fe(NO
3
)
2
a mol v Fe(NO
3
)
3
b mol.
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t
n
Fe(bd)
= n
Fe(Y)
a = b =
2, 52
56
= 0,045 mol (1)
Gi x l s mol ca O
2
.
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :
2
O
n = m
X
m
Fe
= 2,84 2,52 = 0,32 g
2
O
n =
0, 32
32
= 0,01 mol
Ta c : n
NO
=
0, 56
22, 4
= 0,025 mol
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
Fe Fe
+3
+ 3e
b 3b
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
a 2a
O
2
+ 4e 2O
-2
0,01 0,04
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
0,075 0,025
2a + 3b = 4 . 0,01 + 3 . 0,025 = 0,115 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c a = 0,02; b = 0,025
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t N ta c :
3
HNO
n =
N
n
= n
N(Y)
+ n
N(NO)
3
HNO
n = 2.a + 3.b + 0,025 = 0,14 mol
HNO
3
M
C =
0,14
0, 5
= 0,28
Bi 7: Ly 7,88 gam hn hp A gm hai kim loi hot ng (X, Y) c ho tr khng i, chia thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
Phn 1: Nung trong oxi d oxi ho hon ton ta thu c 4,74 gam hn hp hai oxit.
Phn 2: Tan hon ton trong dung dch cha ng thi hai axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
long.
1) Tnh th tch kh H
2
thu c ktc.
2) Tm gii hn khi lng mui kim loi thu c.
3) Nu X, Y l hai kim loi thuc hai chu k lin tip ca phn nhm chnh nhm II v dung dch axit ch cha
HCl. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi mui clorua khan thu c.
Li gii:
| )
| ) | )
1 2
2 2 4
X P O du 4, 74 g hh oxit
7, 88 g
Y P (HCl, H SO )
+

+

| ) | )
1 2
P P O
7, 88 4, 74 3, 94
m m 3, 94 g ; n 0, 05 mol
2 16
= = = = =
1) Trong qu trnh to oxit, ta c bn phn ng kh:
| ) | )
2 o
O 2e O
0,1 mol 0, 05 mol
+
V cng mt lng kim loi xc nh nn s mol e kim loi nhng l bng nhau vi mi tc nhn oxi ho, nn s
mol e H
+
nhn cng bng s mol e m O nhn.
| ) | )
| )
2
2
H
2H 2e H
0,1 mol 0, 05 mol
n 0, 05 22, 4 1,12 l
+
+
= =
2) Khi cc nguyn t kim loi phng ra 0,1 mol e cho ion H
+
th chng tr thnh cc cation kim loi c tng
s mol n v in tch dng l 0,1 mol.
Gi x l s mol Cl
-
tham gia to mui | ) 0 x 0,1 s s , th s mol SO
4
2-
tham gia to mui s l: | )
0,1 x
mol
2
Ta c khi lng hn hp mui l:

| ) | )
0,1 x
m 3, 94 35, 5 x 96 g 8, 74 12, 5x gam
2
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
Khi x = 0,1 ngha l phn ng ch to mui clorua, khi khi lng mui nh nht bng 7,94 (gam).
Khi x = 0 ngha l khng c mui clorua to thnh, ch to mui sunfat th lng mui ln nht l 8,74 (gam).
Vy: 7, 49 m 8, 74 s s
3) Ta thay hn hp hai kim loi bng mt kim loi tng ng c ho tr II:
| ) | )
2
M M 2e
0, 05 mol 0,1 mol
+
+
| )
3, 94
M 78, 8 g
0, 05
= =
V X, Y thuc hai chu k lin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II nn ta c X l Ca v Y l Sr.
40 M 78, 8 88
s = s
T s ng cho, ta suy ra:
| )
| )
| )
CaCl
2
2
2
Ca
Ca
Sr
Sr SrCl
CaCl
2
2
n n 0, 01 mol
n 1
n 4
n n 0, 04 mol
m 0, 01 111 1,11 g
1,11
%CaCl 100% 14, 82%
7, 49
%SrCl 100% 14, 82% 85,18%
= =
=

= =
= =
= =
= =
Bi 8: Cho hn hp A gm kim loi R ho tr I v kim loi X ho tr II. Ho tan 3 gam A vo dung dch c cha
ng thi hai axit HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
thu c 2,94 gam hn hp B gm hai kh NO
2
v D, c th tch 1,344 lt
(ktc).
1) Hi khi lng mui khan thu c bin i trong khong gii hn no?
2) Nu cho cng mt lng kh clo ln lt tc dng hon ton vi kim loi R v vi kim loi X th khi
lung R phn ng gp 3,375 ln khi lng ca kim loi X: khi lng mui clorua ca R thu c gp
2,126 ln khi lng clorua ca X to thnh. Hy tnh % theo khi lng ca cc kim loi trong hn hp
A.
(Cu III- 48 BT i Hc 1993)
Li gii:
1) | )
| )
| )
| ) | )
2 4 3 2
R I
3 g A H SO HNO 2, 94g NO D ; V 1, 344l
X II
+ + | + | =
| ) | )
2
B B
NO D
1, 344 2, 94
n 0, 06 mol M 49 gam/ mol
22, 4 0, 06
M 46 49 M
= = = =
= < <
Hn hp hai kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
v H
2
SO
4
c th gii phng cc kh N
2
, NO, NO
2
, N
2
O, H
2
,
H
2
S, SO
2
nhng ch c SO
2
l c khi lng mol ln hn 49. Vy D l SO
2
.
Gi x l s mol NO
2
v (0,06 - x) l s mol SO
2
, ta c:
| ) | )
| ) | )
2 2
NO SO
46x 0, 06 x 64 2, 94 x 0, 05 mol
n 0, 05 mol ; n 0, 01 mol
+ = =
= =
Khi cho kim loi vo hai axit ta c bn phn ng kh nh sau:
| )
| )
5 4
4 6
N e N
0, 05 0, 05 0, 05 mol
S 2e S
0, 02 0, 02 0, 02 mol
+ +
+ +
+
+
T hai bn phn ng kh trn ta thy, tng s mol m NO
3
-
v SO
4
2-
nhn t hn hp hai kim loi l 0,05 + 0,02
= 0,07 (mol) e, nhng ta khng xc nh c mi kim loi c bao nhiu mol v phng ra bao nhiu mol e tng
ng, ch bit chc l tng mol n v in tch dng ca cc cation R
+
v X
2+
l 0,07 mol.
Gi y l s mol NO
3
-
tham gia to mui (0 y 0, 07) s s , v (0,07 y) l s mol SO
4
2-
tham gia to mui. Khi
lung mui thu c s l:
| ) | )
0, 07 y
m 3 62 y 96 g 14y 6, 36 gam
2
| |
= + + = +
|
\ .
Khi y = 0,07 ngha l phn ng ch to mui nitrat, khi khi lng mui ln nht bng 7,34 (gam).
Khi y = 0 ngha l khng c mui nitrat to thnh, ch to mui sunfat th lng mui nh nht 6,36 (gam).
Vy: 6, 36 m 7, 34 s s
2) Theo tnh cht c bn ca hn hp ng nht v nh lut thnh phn khng i th vi mi s mol Cl
2
,
kt qu ca bi ton vn khng thay i, nn ta cho s mol Cl
2
tham gia phn ng vi mi kim loi l 1
mol.
2
2 2
2R Cl 2RCl
X Cl XCl
+
+
Theo bi cho ta c:
| ) | )
2R 3, 375X X 64 X:Cu
2 R 35, 5 2,126 X 71 R 108 R : Ag
= =

+ = + =

Bn phn ng oxi ho 3 (gam) hn hp hai kim loi:
| )
o 1
2 o
Ag Ag e
a a(mol)
Cu Cu 2e
0, 07 a
0, 07 a mol
2
+
+
+
+

Gi a l s mol Ag trong 3 (gam) hn hp. Ta c phng trnh theo khi lng:
| )
0, 07 a
108 a 64 3 y 0, 01 mol
2
0, 01 108
%Ag 100% 36%
3
%Cu 100% 36% 64%
| |
+ = =
|
\ .
= =
= =
Bi 9:
(a) A l oxit ca kim loi M (ha tr n) c cha 30% oxi theo khi lng. Xc nh cng thc ho hc ca A.
(b) Cho lng kh CO i qua ng s ng m g oxit A nhit cao 1 thi gian ngi ta thu c 6,72 gam hn
hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau. em ha tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung dch HNO
3
d to thnh 0,448 l NO
duy nht.
Tnh gi tr m.
(c) Cho bnh kn c dung tch khng i l 3 lt cha 498,92 ml H
2
O (D = 1g/ml) phn khng kh trong bnh (ktc)
cha 20% oxi theo th tch, cn li l N
2
. Bm ht kh B vo bnh, lc k n phn ng hon ton c dung dch
C. Tnh C% dung dch C, gi s H
2
O bay hi khng ng k.
Hng dn:
t cng thc oxit kim loi ha tr n.
Nu bnh kn iu kin tiu chun th dung tch bng th tch kh cha trong bnh.
Li gii:
(a)
t A l M
2
O
n
16n 30
2M 70
= Chn cp nghim hp l n = 3 v M = 56 (Fe)
A l Fe
2
O
3
(b) Fe
2
O
3
khng tham gia vo qu trnh kh, ch tham gia qu trnh to mui nitrat Fe
3+
2 4
2
C(CO)C(CO )2e
a 2a a
+ +
+
n
NO
= 0,02 mol
| )
2 5
N 3e N
0, 06 0, 02 mol
+ +
+
2a = 0,06 a 0, 03 =
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
2
CO CO
m 6, 72 m m = +
=6,72 + 44.0,03 28.0,03 = 7,2g
(c) iu kin tiu chun th tch khng kh c trong bnh bng dung tch bnh nn:
2
O
3
n 20% 0, 027mol
22, 4
= =
Phng trnh phn ng:
2 2
2 2 2 3
2NO O 2NO
0, 02 0, 01 0, 02
4NO O 2H O 4HNO
0, 02 0, 005 0, 02
+
+ +
Sau phn ng lng oxi vn cn d
(0,01 + 0,05 = 0,015 < 0,027) nn phn ng hon ton to dung dch HNO
3
(0,02 mol)
ng thi:
2 2 2
dd NO O H O
m m m m
0, 02.46 0, 005.32 498, 2 500g
0, 02.63
C% 100 0, 252%
500
= + +
= + + =
= =
Bi 10: Cng mt kim loi R, khi ha tan ht bng dung dch HCl v bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng th khi
lng SO
2
gp 48 ln khi lng H
2
sinh ra. Mt khc khi lng mui clorua bng 63,5% khi lng mui
sunfat. R l :
A. Mg B. Fe C. Al D. Zn
Li gii:
Gi s R l kim loi c ha tr khng i n v c a l s mol.
Ta c cc qu trnh sau :
R R
+n
+ ne
a a an(mol)
2H
+
+ 2e
o
2
H
an
an
2
(mol)
S
+6
+ 2e S
+4
an
an
2
Theo bi ta c :
2
SO
m = 48
2
H
m 64 .
an
2
= 48 . 2 .
an
2
32an = 48an (v l)
R l kim loi c nhiu ha tr.
Gi m l ha tr ca R. (m > n)
R R
+n
+ ne
a a an (mol)
2H
+
+ 2e
o
2
H
an
an
2
(mol)
R R
+m
+ me
a a am (mol)
S
+6
+ 2e S
+4
am
am
2
(mol)
Theo bi ta c :
2
SO
m = 48
2
H
m 64 .
am
2
= 48 . 2 .
an
2
32am = 48an m =
3
2
n
m = 3 ; n = 2
Ngoi ra :
2
RCl
m = 36,5%
3
RCl
m a( R + 71) =
36, 5
100
. a( R + 106,5 )
R = 56
Vy kim loi R la Fe.
Bi 11: Hn hp bt gm 3 kim loi Mg, Al, Zn c khi lng 7,18g c chia lm 2 phn u nhau.
- Phn 1 em t chy hon ton trong oxi d thu c 8,71g hn hp oxit.
- Phn 2 ha tan hon ton trong HNO
3
c nng d thu c V lt (ktc) kh NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht). V c
gi tr l :
A. 14,336 lt B. 23,456 lt C.13,548 lt D. 15,678 lt
Li gii :
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng i vi phn 1, ta c :
m
O
2
= 8,71
2
18 , 7
= 5,12 (g) n
O
2
=
32
12 , 5
= 0,16 (mol)
Do khi lng kim loi 2 phn bng nhau nn s mol do hn hp kim loi nhng l nh nhau s mol
electron do O
2
nhn bng s mol electron do N
+5
nhn.
p dng nh lut bo ton electron ta c :
Qu trnh kh:
O
2
+ 4e 2O
-2
0,16 0,64
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4
0,64 0,64
n
NO
2
= 0,64 mol
V
NO
2
= 0,64 . 22,4 = 14,336 (lt).
Bi 12: Chia hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B (c ho tr khng i) thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1 : Ha tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,792 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
- Phn 2 : Nung trong oxi n phn ng hon ton c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit.
Khi lng ca hn hp X l
A. 5, 08 gam B. 3,12 gam C. 2,64 gam D. 1,56 gam
Li gii :
2
H
n = 1,792 : 22,4 = 0,08 mol
M M
+n
+ ne
0,16 (mol)
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
0,16 0,08 (mol)
O + 2e O
-2
0,08 0,16 0,08 (mol)
Vy khi lng hn hp kim loi l
m
X
= m
MO
m
O
= 2,84 0,08 . 16 = 1,56 gam
Bi 13: Cho m(g) Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO
3
thy to ra 11,2 lt hn hp 3 kh NO, N
2
O, N
2
c t l
mol l n
NO
: n
N
2
: n
N
2
O
=1: 2: 2.
Gi tr ca m (g) :
A. 35,1 B. 16,8 C. 1,68 D. 2,7
Li gii :
11, 2
n
22, 4
| =
= 0,5 (mol)
v n
NO
: n
N
2
: n
N
2
O
=1: 2: 2
n
NO
= 0,1 (mol) ; n
N
2
O
= n
N
2
= 0,2 (mol)
Gi a l s mol ca m(g) Al
Ta c cc qu trnh :
Al
o
Al
+3
+ 3e
a 3a (mol)
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
0,3 0,1
2N
+5
+ 10e N
2
2 0,2
2N
+5
+ 8e N
2
O
1,6 0,2
3a = 0,3 + 2 + 1,6 = 3,9 a = 1,3
m
Al
= 27 . 1,3 = 35,1 (g)
Bi 14: Ha tan hon ton 11,2g bt Fe trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long d nhiu, thu c dung dch A. phn
ng ht vi mui Fe
2+
trong dung dch A cn dng ti thiu mt lng KMnO
4
l :
A. 15,8 gam B. 6,32 gam C. 31,6 gam D. Mt kt qu khc
Li gii :
n
Fe
=
56
2 , 11
= 0,2 mol
Ta c cc qu trnh :
o
Fe
3
Fe
+
+ 1e
0,2 0,2 (mol)
7
Mn
+
+ 5e
2
Mn
+
0,04 0,2 (mol)
4
KMnO
n = 0,04 (mol)
4
KMnO
m = 0,04 . 158 = 6,32 (g)
Bi 15: Ha tan 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Fe
x
O
y
bng HCl c 1,12 lt H
2
(ktc). Cng lng hn hp ny nu
ho tan ht bng HNO
3
c nng c 5,6 lt NO
2
(ktc). Tm Fe
x
O
y
?
A. FeO B. Fe
3
O
4
C. Fe
2
O
3
D. Khng xc nh c
Hng dn gii:
Ch c Fe tc dng vi HCl mi gii phng kh nn:
2
Fe H
1,12
n n 0, 05mol
22, 4
= = =
x y
Fe O
m 10 0, 05.56 7, 2g = =
Khi cho hn hp tc dng vi HNO
3
o 3
8
3 2 3
3
5 4
Fe Fe 3e
0, 05
3Fe 3Fe 1e hay Fe Fe 1e
a
N 1e N
0, 25
+
+
+ + +
+ +
+
+ +
+
Bo ton electron:
x y
(Fe O )
0, 05.3 a 0, 25 a 0,1
7, 2
M 72 FeO
0,1
+ = =
= =
Bi 16: Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol
3
FeCO v b mol
2
FeS trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d). Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l
2 3
Fe CO v hn hp
kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l: (bit sau cc phn
ng, lu hunh mc oxi ha +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k)
A. a=0,5b B. a=b C. a=4b D.a=2b.
Li gii:
V bnh kn, th tch rn khng ng k
1 2
V V =
Theo :
1 1 2
1 2
1
n .R.T n .R.T2
P P (*)
V V2
= =
Nhit khng i:
1 2 1 2
T T n n = =
Phn ng:
2
4FeS
2 2 2 3 2
3 2
2 2 3
4FeS + 11O 2Fe O 8SO
11b
b 2b
4
FeCO FeO CO
a a a
4FeO + O 2Fe O
a
a
4
+
+
Vy, hn hp kh sau phn ng l:

2
O
d
2
O
n =
ban u
-
2
O
n
phn ng
=
2
O
n
ban u
11b a
4 4
| |
+
|
\ .
Theo : n
trc
= n
sau
2
O
n
ban u
=
2
O
n
d
2 2
CO SO
n n + +
11b a
a 2b a b
4 4
+ = + =
Bi 17: Ha tan m(g) Al vo lng d dung dich hn hp NaOH v NaNO
3
thy xut hin 6,72 lit (ktc) hn hp
kh NH
3
v H
2
vi s mol bng nhau. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,75 B. 7,59 C. 8,1 D. 13,5
Li gii
+2e
+8e
1 5
3
0 3 3 0
(NaOH Na NO )du
2
2 3
m(g)Al Al O NH H
+ +
+
+
+ + +
-3e
Da vo s ta thy Al l cht kh;
3
H v NO
+
l cht oxi ha:
Ta c
n
hh kh
=
6, 72
0, 3
22, 4
= mol
n
Al =
m
mol
27
o 3
Al 3e Al
m m
27 9
+

5 3
N 8e N
1,2 0,15(mol)
+
+
1 o
2
2H 2e H
0,3 0,15 (mol)
+
+
m
1, 2 0, 3 m 13, 5
9
= + =
Bi 18: Trn 60g bt Fe vi 30g bt lu hunh ri un nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) thu c cht
rn X. Ho tan X bng dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
long, d c dung dch B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O
2
(ktc).
Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th V c gi tr l:
A. 39,2 lt B. 32,928 lt C. 32,29 lt D. 38,292 lt
Li gii
S :
| )
| )
| )

o
2 4
2
4
H SO t
+ O 2
2 2
2
B : FeSO
60 g Fe
Fe
H O X
C : H S H FeS 30 g S
SO
| ) = = = = =
Fe S O
60 15 30 15
n (mol); n (mol); n x mol
56 14 32 16
Xt c qu trnh phn ng th ta thy nhng cht c s thay i s oxi ho l: Fe, S v O
2
.
Ta c cc bn phn ng oxi ho - kh nh sau:
| )
| )
| )
| )
o 2
o 4
e cho
Fe Fe 2e
15 15
mol
14 7
S S 4e
15 15
mol
16 4
15 15 165
n mol
7 4 28
+
+
+
+
= + =
| )
| )
| )
o 2
e nhan
O 2e O
x 2x mol
n 2x mol
+
=
p dng nh lut bo ton electron :

| )
| ) | )
2 2
O
O O O
165 165
2x x n mol
28 56
1
n n 1, 47 mol V 1, 47 22, 4 32, 928 l
2
= = =
= ~ = =
Gii ra x = 1,47 mol ;
2
O
V 22,4.1,47 32,928 = = (lt)
Bi 19: Trn m gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Zn vi 9,6 gam bt S, thu c hn hp X. Nung X trong bnh kn
(khng c khng kh) sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp Y. Ho tan ht Y trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c, nng thy
c 26,88 lt kh SO
2
(ktc) thot ra. Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thy c kt ta xut
hin. Bit khi lng ca kt ta Fe(OH)
3
l 10,7 (gam). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 15,35(gam) B. 12,1(gam) C. 14,9(gam) D, 24,2(gam)
Li gii:
| ) | )
| )
| )
| )
| )
o
2
t
2 4 d,n
2 4 du
26, 88 l SO m g Fe Zn
X Y H SO
dd Z NaOH Na SO 9, 6 g S
+

+

+ | +

| )
| )
| )
= = =
= = =
2
3
Fe S
SO Fe OH
m 9, 6
n (mol); n 0, 3 (mol)
56 32
10, 7
n 1, 2 mol ; n 0,1 mol
107
Xt c qu trnh phn ng th ta c cc bn phn ng oxi ho - kh nh sau:
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
o 3
o 2
o 4
e cho
Fe Fe 3e
0,1 0, 3 mol
Zn Zn 2e
x 2x mol
S S 4e
0, 3 0, 3 1, 2 mol
n 1, 5 2x mol
+
+
+
+
+
+
= +
| ) | )
| )
| )
6 4
e nhan
S 2e S
x 1, 8 mol 1, 2 0, 3 0, 9 mol
n 1, 8 mol
+ +
+
=
=
Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c:

| )
| )
1, 5 2x 1, 8 2x 0, 3 x 0,15 mol
m 0,1 56 0,15 65 15, 35 gam
+ = = =
= + =
Bi 20: Cho 25 gam hn hp gm 3 kim loi A, B, C tan hon ton trong 200 ml dung dch NaNO
3
1M v H
2
SO
4
d, ta thu c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn Y tathu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca
m l:
A. 84 gam B. 86 gam C. 53,8 gam D. Tu
Li gii:
| )
3
3
NaNO NO
Na NO
n n n 0,1(mol); n 4, 48: 22, 4 0, 2 mol
+
= = = = =
| )
2 5
N 3e N
0, 2 0, 6 0, 2 mol
+ +
+
T bn phn ng kh trn ta thy:
| )
| ) | )
(cho) nhan
e 0, 6 mol e 0, 6 mol = =

Vy tng s mol n v in tch dng ca cc cation kim loi l: 0,6 + 0,2 = 0,8 (mol).
0,8 mol n v in tch dng phi kt hp vi 0,4 mol SO
4
2-
to ra hn hp 4 mui sunfat A, B, C v Na.
| ) m 25 0, 2 23 0, 4 96 68 gam = + + =
Bi 21: Kh hon ton m oxit M
x
O
y
cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a gam kim loi M. Ho tan ht a
gam M bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (d) thu oc 20,16 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht). M
x
O
y
l:
A. FeO B. CrO C. Cr
2
O
3
D. Fe
3
O
4
Li gii:
| ) | )
| )
| )
| )
o
x y
t
2 2 4 d
m g M O 17, 92 l CO
a g M H SO dd 20,16 l SO
|
+

+ + |
Cch 1:
| )
| ) | )
x y
CO
O M O
17, 92
n n 0, 8 mol a m 0, 8 16 m 12, 8 g
22, 4
= = = = =
Bn phn ng oxi ho Bn phn ng kh:
| )
n
M M ne
m 12, 8 (m 12, 8)n
mol
M M
+
+

| )
4 6
S 2e S
20,16
0, 9 0, 8 0, 9 mol
22, 4
+ +
+
=
Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c:
(m 12, 8)n (m 12, 8)n
1, 8 M
M 1, 8

= =
Vi n = 2, 3 v M: Fe hay Cr u khng tho, ta cho n = 8/3 v M = Fe th m = 50,6 v s mol ca Fe l 0,675
(mol).
| )
8/3
8
Fe Fe e
3
0, 675 1, 8 mol
+
+
Nghim ng nh lut bo ton e nn ta nhn Fe
3
O
4
.
Cch 2:
| )
| ) | )
x y
CO
O M O
17, 92
n n 0, 8 mol a m 0, 8 16 m 12, 8 g
22, 4
= = = = =
Khi M dng oxit kim loi, n c s oxi ho l + n.
Khi M dng mui sunfat n c s oxi ho l + m vi m n > .
Bn phn ng kh O: Bn phn ng oxi ho M:
| )
2
O 2e O
0, 8 1, 6 0, 8 mol
+
| )
n
M M ne
1, 6 1, 6
1, 6 mol
n n
+
+
Khi dng mui sunfat, ta c:
Bn phn ng kh: Bn phn ng oxi ho:
| )
6 4
S 2e S
0, 9 1, 8 0, 9 mol
+ +
+
| )
m
M M me
1, 6 1, 6 1, 6
m mol
n n n
+
+
Theo nh lut bo ton in tch ta c:

1, 6 8
m 1, 8 n m
n 9
= = . Nn ch c nghim m = 3 v n = 8/3 l ph hp. Cng thc oxit l Fe
x
O
y
.
Bi 22: Ho tan hon ton 2,44 gam hn hp X gm Fe
x
O
y
v Cu bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng (d). Sau phn
ng thu c 0,504 lt kh SO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht) ktc v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat.
Phn trm khi lung ca Cu trong hn hp l X l:
A. 65,57% B. 39,34% C. 26,23% D. 13,11%
Li gii:
| )
2
SO
0, 504
n 0, 0225 mol
22, 4
= =
| )
6 4
S 2e S
0, 0225 0, 045 0, 025 mol
+ +
+
V s mol e m hn hp nhng cho mi tc nhn oxi ho l nh nhau nn khi b oxi ho bi oxi, hn hp cng
nhng 0,045 mol e:
| )
2
O 2e O
0, 0225 0, 045 0, 0225 mol
+
V khi hn hp tr thnh Fe
2
O
3
v CuO c khi lng l:
2,44 + 0,0225.16 = 2,8 (gam)
V khi tan trong H
2
SO
4
c, hn hp oxit ch tham gia phn ng trung ho to ra hai mui l: Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v CuSO
4
.
Gi x, y l s mol ca Fe
2
O
3
v CuO, ta c s chuyn ho:
| )
| )
| )
2 3 2 4
3
4
Fe O Fe SO
x x mol
CuO CuSO
y y mol
160x 80y 2, 8 x 0, 0125
400x 160y 6, 6 y 0, 01
0, 01 64
%Cu 100 26, 23%
2, 44
+ = =

+ = =

= =
Bi 23: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400ml dung dch HNO
3
1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ha tan ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr ca m:
A. 0,64 B. 3,84 C. 1,92 D. 3,20
( thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A nm 2009)
Li gii:
| ) | )
| )
3
3
Fe HNO
NO H
3
3 2
n 6, 72: 56 0,12 mol ; n n n 0, 4 1 0, 4 mol
Fe NO 4H Fe NO 2H O
0,1 0,1 0, 4 0,1 mol
+
+ +
= = = = = =
+ + + +
S mol Fe cn li 0,12 0,1 = 0,02 (mol) s cng x (mol) Cu kh 0,1 (mol) Fe
3+
thnh 0,1 (mol) Fe
2+
. Ta c:
Bn phn ng oxi ho Fe v Cu: Bn phn ng kh:
| )
| )
| )
| )
o 2
o 2
cho
Fe Fe 2e
0, 02 0, 02 0, 04 mol
Cu Cu 2e
x x 2x mol
e 0, 04 2x mol
+
+
+
+
= +
| )
| )
| )
3 2
nhan
Fe e Fe
0,1 0,1 0,1 mol
e 0,1 mol
+ +
+
=
Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c: | ) | )

Cu
2x 0, 04 0,1 x 0, 03 mol m 0, 03 64 1, 92 gam + = = = =
Bi 24: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe
3
O
4
tc dng vi dung dch HNO
3
long, un nng. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton ta thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim
loi. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 151,5 B. 97,5 C. 137,1 D. 108,9
Li gii:
Tng khi lng kim loi tham gia phn ng = 61,2 2,4 = 58,5 gam trong c x mol Fe
3
O
4
v y mol Cu nn ta
c:
232x + 64y = 58,8 (1)
V Cu d nn ta ch thu c mui Fe
2+
v Cu
2+
.
Bn phn ng oxi ho Cu: Hai bn phn ng kh:
| )
o 2
Cu Cu 2e
y y 2y mol
+
+
| )
| )
8
2 3
3
5 2
Fe 2e 3Fe
x 2x 3x mol
N 3e N
3, 36
0, 45 0,15 mol
22, 4
+
+
+ +
+
+
=
Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c: 2x + 0,45 = 2y
| )
| )
| )
x 0,15 mol 2x 2y 0, 45
y 0, 375 mol 232x 64y 58, 8
m 0, 45 180 0, 375 188 151, 5 g
= =

= + =

= + =
Bi 25: Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng thu c 1,344 lt kh
NO
2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH
3
(d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln
lt l:
A. 21,95% v 0,78 C. 78,05% v 2,25
B. 21,95% v 2,25 D. 78,05% v 0,78
Li gii:
| ) | )
| )
2
Cu Al
NO
n x mol ; n y mol 64x 27y 1, 23
n 1, 344: 22, 4 0, 06 mol
= = + =
= =
Bn phn ng kh: Bn phn ng oxi ho:
| )
5 4
N e N
0, 06 0, 06 0, 06 mol
+ +
+
| )
| )
o 2
o 3
Cu Cu 2e
x x 2x mol
Al Al 3e
y y 3y mol
+
+
+
+
Ta c h phng trnh:
| )
| )
x 0, 015 mol 2x 3y 0, 06
y 0, 01 mol 64x 27y 1, 23
0, 015 64
%Cu 100% 78, 05%
1, 23
= + =

= + =

= =
Khi cho dung dch cha Cu
2+
, Al
3+
tc dng vi NH
3
d th Cu
2+
to phc tan nn ch c 0,01 mol Al
3+
kt ta
thnh 0,01 mol Al(OH)
3
.
| )
| )
3
Al OH
m 0, 01 78 0, 78 gam = =
Bi 26: Ho tan 9,28 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn vi s mol bng nhau trong mt lng va dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 0,07 mol mt sn phm Z duy nht cha lu hunh. Sn phm Z l
A. S. B. H
2
S. C. SO
2
. D. SO
3
.
Li gii:
Gi x l s oxi ho ca S trong sn phm Z
a l s mol ca mi kim loi trong hn hp X.
Ta c | ) | )
9, 28
24a 27a 65a 9, 28 g a 0, 08 mol
116
+ + = = =
Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh xy ra:
Qu trnh nhng electron Qu trnh nhn electron
| )
| )
| )
| )
| )
2 o
o 3
o 2
e cho
Mg Mg 2e
a 2a mol
Al Al 3e
a 3a mol
Zn Zn 2e
a 2a mol
n 0, 08 7 0, 56 mol
+
+
+
+
+
+
= =
| )
| ) | )
6 x
S 6 x e S
6 x 0, 07 0, 07 mol
+
+
Theo nh lut bo ton e, ta c: s mol e nhn = 0,56:0,07 = 8 (mol)

Vy Z l H
2
S
Ch 2: Vn dng phng php ion e
vo gii bi tp kim loi mui.
Gii hn p dng:
- Ch p dng cho cc kim loi t Mg tr v sau, cn cc kim loi ng trc Mg( trong dy in ha) th khi vo
dung dch chng s kh hiro ca nc v phn ng tr nn phc tp.
- Mui phi tan trong nc.
Dng 1: Mt kim loi y mt cation kim loi khc.
Kim loi ng trc kh c ion kim loi ng sau v ion kim loi ng sau oxy ha c kim loi ng trc.
Cho thanh kim loi: A + mui
n
BCl hoc | )
3
n
B NO
n m
A + BCl AlC +B |
Nu :
A B
M <M (lng tan t hn lng bm)
Khi lng thanh kim loi A tng so vi ban u:
bm tan B A
B A B A
m m m m
m
M M M M

A |= =

Khi lng kim loi A sau phn ng l:
A
m
sau phn ng =
A
m m A | + ban u
Bi 1: Mt thanh kim loi M ha tr 2 dc nhng vo trong 1 lt dung dch CuSO
4
0,5M. Sau khi ly thanh M ra
v cn li, thy khi lng ca thanh tng 1,6 gam, nng CuSO
4
cn 0,3M.
a). Xc nh kim loi M.
b). Ly mt thanh M c khi lng ban u bng 8,4 gam nhng vo dung dch cha AgNO
3
0,2M v CuSO
4
0,1M. Thanh M c tan ht hay khng? Tnh khi lng cht rn A thu c sau phn ng v nng mol cc ion
kim loi c trong dung dch B (gi s th tch dung dch B vn l 1 lt).
Li gii:
a)
S mol ca Cu
2+
phn ng l:
1(0,5-0,3)=0,2 mol
tng khi lng ca thanh kim loi M:
Mtan Cu
m = m - m = 0,2(64-M)=1,6
M=56: M l Fe
|
b).
M M
+2
+ 2e
0,2 mol 0,4 mol
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
0,2 mol 0,4 mol
2
Febd
Ag bd Cu bd
Cu Ag
Fe
8, 4
n 0,15mol ; n 0, 2.1 0, 2mol ; n 0,1mol
56
+ +
+ +
|
|
|
<
= = = = =
Ag
+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu
2+
nn Ag
+
phn ng trc vi Fe:
(I)
Sau phn ng (I) ht Ag
+
cn d:
0,15 -0,10 =0,05 mol Fe
(II)
Vy Fe tan ht, v trong dung dch B thu c c cha Fe
2+
(0,15 mol) v Cu
2+
d (0,05 mol).
2 2
M(Fe )M(Cu )
0,15 0, 05
C 0,15M; C 0, 05M
1 1
+ +
= = = =
Cht rn A gm 0,2 mol Ag v 0,05 mol Cu:
m
A
= 0,2.108 + 0,05.64 = 24,8 gam.
Bi 2: Nhng mt thanh kim loi M ha tr 2 vo 0,5 lt dung dch cha Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M. Sau phn ng, khi lng
thanh M tng ln 0,04 gam trong khi nng CuSO
4
cn li l 0,1 M.
a). Xc nh kim loi M.
b). Ly M gam kim loi M cho vo mt lt dung dch cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
nng mi mui l 0,1 M. Sau
phn ng (hon ton) ta thu c cht rn A khi lng 15,28 gam v dung dch B. Tnh M
c). Thm vo dung dch B mt lng NaOH d, thu c kt ta C. em nung cht kt ta ny ngoi khng kh
n khi lng khng i, c cht rn D. Xc nh thnh phn cht rn D v khi lng ca D.
Li gii:
a)
S mol ca Cu
2+
phn ng l:
5(0,2-0,1)=0,05 mol
tng khi lng ca thanh kim loi M:
Mtan Cu
m = m - m = 0,2(64-M)=0,40
M=56: M l Fe
|
b).
Ta ch bit s mol ban u ca Ag
+
v Cu
2+
nhng khng bit s mol ca Fe:
2
Cu Ag
Fe
+ +
|
|
|
<

Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
0,1 mol 0,2 mol
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
0,2 mol 0,2 mol
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
0,05 0,1
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
0,05 0,1 (mol)
MM
+2
+ 2e
0,05 0,1
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
0,05 0,1
Fe + 2Ag
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Ag | (I)
Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu | (II)
Ta ly hai mc so snh:
Nu va xong phn ng (I), Ag kt ta ht, Fe tan ht, Cu cha kt ta:
Cht rn Ag:
m
1
= m
Ag
= 0,1.108 =10,8 gam.
Nu va xong phn ng (I) v (II)
Cht rn A gm 0,1 mol Ag v 0,1mol Cu (Fe tan ht):
m
rn
= m
2
= 0,1(108 +64) = 17,2 gam.
Theo , m
A
=15,28 gam
10,8 < 15,28 < 17,2 m
1
< m
A
< m
2
Vy Ag kt ta ht; Cu kt ta mt phn v Fe tan ht.
Cu A Ag
Cu
m m m 15, 28 10, 8 4, 48g
4, 48
n 0, 07mol
64
| | |
|
= = =
= =
S mol Fe phn ng vi Ag
+
v Cu
2+
l:
0,05 + 0.07 = 0,12 mol
V Fe phn ng ht: n
Fe p
= n
Fe b
nn:
m
Fe
= 0,12.56 = 6,72 gam
c). Dung dch B cha 0,12 mol Fe
2+
(do 0,12 mol Fe tan) v 0,1 0,07 = 0,03 mol Cu
2+
d.
Khi thm NaOH d vo dung dch B, ta c:
2
2
2
2
Fe 2OH Fe(OH)
0,12 0,12
Cu 2OH Cu(OH)
0, 03 0, 03
+
+
+ |
+ |
Khi nung kt ta C ngoi khng kh:
0
0
2 2 2 3
t
3 2 3 2
t
2 2
1
2Fe(OH)O H O 2Fe(OH)
2
0,12 0,12
2Fe(OH)Fe O 3H O
0,12 0, 06
Cu(OH)CuO H O
0, 03 0, 03
+ +
+ |
+ |
m
rnD
=
2 3
Fe O
m + m
CuO
= 0,06.160+0,03.80 = 12
m
D
= 12 gam.
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
0,05 0,05 0,1
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
0,1 0,1 0,1
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
0,1 0,1 0,2
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
0,1 0,2 0,1
Bi 3: Mt thanh kim loi M ha tr 2 nhng vo 1 lt dung dch FeSO
4
c khi lng tng ln 16g. Nu nhng
cng thanh kim loi y vo 1 lt dung dch CuSO
4
th khi lng ca thanh tng ln 20g. Bit rng cc phn ng
ni trn u hon ton v sau phn ng cn d kim loi M; 2 dung dch FeSO
4
v CuSO
4
c cng nng mol ban
u.
a) Tnh nng mol ca mi dung dch v xc nh kim loi M.
b) Nu khi lng ban u ca thanh M l 24g, chng minh rng sau phn ng vi 2 dung dch trn cn d M.
Tnh khi lng thanh kim loi sau 2 phn ng trn.
Li gii:
a) Sau phn ng d M vy ht Fe
2+
v Cu
2+
(v phn ng hon ton).
Vi FeSO
4
tng khi lng:
Mtan Fe
m m m
|
A =
Gi x l s mol FeSO
4
(v cng l s mol CuSO
4
) ban u.
2
M M 2e
+
+
2
Fe 2e Fe
x mol 2x mol
+
+
m x.(56 M) A = =16 (1)
2
M M 2e
x mol 2x mol
+
+
2
Cu 2e Cu
x mol 2x mol
+
+
Mtan Cu
m m m
|
A = = x.(64 - M) = 20 (2)
(2)64 M 20 5
(1)56 M 16 4
= =
256 4M = 280 5M M= 24
M l Mg
(1)
16 16
x 0, 5mol
56 24 32
= = =
FeSO CuSO
4 4
M M
0, 5
C C 0, 5M
1
= = =
b) Nu
Mgbd
m 24g = th:
Mgbd
m =
24
1mol x 0, 5mol
24
= > =
Vy d Mg cho 2 phn ng trn
- Vi FeSO
4
, khi lng thanh Mg sau phn ng:
m
rn
=
Fe Mgdu
m m + = 0,5.56 + (24 - 0,5.24) = 40 gam
Ch : C th tnh m
rn
=24 + 16 = 40 gam
(v theo khi lng tng 16g)
- Vi CuSO
4
: m
rn =
Mgdu Fe
m m
|
+ =0,5.64+ (24- 0,5.24)= 44 gam
C th tnh m
rn
=24+20=44 gam
(V theo khi lng tng 20 gam)
Bi 4: Mt thanh kim loi A ha tr 2 khi nhng vo mt dung dch CuSO
4
th c khi lng gim 1% so vi khi
lng ban u, nhng cng thanh kim loi y khi nhng vo dung dch mui Hg
2+
th c khi lng tng ln
67,5% so vi khi lng ban u( khi lng ban u l m gam).
a. Xc nh kim loi A bit rng gim s mol ca Cu
2+
bng 2 ln gim s mol ca Hg
2+
.
b. Tnh s mol ca Hg
2+
v Cu
2+
b kh trong trng hp m= 100 gam.
c. Tnh khi lng ti thiu ca thanh kim loi A khi nhng vo 5 lt dung dch CuSO
4
0,16M th dung dch thu
c sau phn ng:
- Ch cha mt ion kim loi.
- Cha hai ion kim loi v khi thm NaOH va kt ta ht 2 hirooxxit, em nung kt ta ny n khi
lng khng i, ta thu c mt cht rn c khi lng 64,4 gam. Cc phn ng u hon ton.
Gii:
a) Vi dung dch CuSO
4
, gi: 2x =
2
Cu p.u
n
+
2
A A 2e
2x mol 2x mol 4x mol
+
+
2
Cu 2e Cu
2x mol 4x mol 2x mol
+
+
gim khi lng = m
A tan
m
Cu
=2x(A-64)=
m
100
(1)
2
Hg bi khu
n
+
= x mol
tng khi lng khi nhng thanh A vo dung dch Hg
2+
:
m
Hg
m
A tan
= x(200 - A) =
67, 5
m
100
(2)
(2)200 A
67, 5
(1)2(A 64)
A =65. Vy A l Zn.
b) Nu m=100g, thay vo (1):
2x(65-64)=
100
100
=1
x=0,5 mol v 2x=1 mol.
c)
2
Cu bd
n 0,16.5 0, 8mol
+
= =
Zn + Cu
2+
Zn
2+
+ Cu (1)
0,8 mol 0,8 mol
2
A A 2e
x mol 2x mol
+
+
2
Hg 2e Hg
x mol 2x mol
+
+
- Trng hp dung dch thu c ch cha mt ion kim loi:
Nu khng Zn cho phn ng (1) th dung dch cha 2 ion kim loi Zn
2+
v Cu
2+
(d). Vy ch cn 1 ion kim
loi (phi l Zn
2+
) th Zn phi kh ht Cu
2+
v khi lng ti thiu ca Zn l khi lng Zn va cho phn ng
trn.
m
Zn
= 0,8.65=52 gam.
- Trng hp dung dch thu c cha 2 ion kim loi (Zn
2+
v Cu
2+
):
Zn cha kh ht Cu
2+
vy d Cu
2+
v ht Zn (v phn ng hoan ton).
Gi y=n
Zn b
=n
Zn p
2
Zn Zn 2e
ymol ymol 2ymol
+
+
2
Cu 2e Cu
ymol 2ymol ymol
+
+
Dung dch cha y mol ZnSO
4
v (0,8 - y) mol CuSO
4
d. Khi thm NaOH va kt ta ht 2 hiroxit:
Zn
2+
+ 2OH
-
Zn(OH)
2
y mol y mol
Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
Cu(OH)
2
(0,8-y)mol (0,8-y)mol
Zn(OH)
2
0
t
ZnO + H
2
O
y y
0
t
2 2
Cu(OH)CuO H O +
0,8-y 0,8-y
m
rn
=m
ZnO
+m
CuO
= 81y + 80(0,8-y) =64,6
y=0,6 mol
m
Zn
= 0,6.65 = 39 gam
Bi 5: C mt dung dch mui clorua kim loi. Cho mt tm st nng 10 gam vo 100ml dung dch trn, phn ng
xong khi lng kim loi l 10,1 gam. Loi b mt tm Cadimi (Cd) 10 gam vo 100ml dung dch mui clorua
kim loi trn, phn ng xong, khi lng tm kim loi l 9,4 gam.
a). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca mui clorua kim loi.
b). Nng mol dung dch mui clorua kim loi.
Li gii:
Nhn xt: Khi hai kim loi c cng ha tr, tc dng vi cng mt lng mui, iu c ngha l s mol hai kim
loi tc dng l nh nhau.
Gi x l s mol ca Fe v Cd
2
0
Fe Fe 2e
xmol 2xmol
+
+
0
n
M ne M
2x
2x mol mol
n
+
+
Ta thay khi lng kim loi tng: 10,1-10=0,1g
2x
M 56x 0,1g (1)
n
=
0
2
Cd Cd 2e
xmol 2xmol
+
+
0
n
M ne M
2x
2x mol mol
n
+
+
Khi lng kim loi gim 10-9,4=0,6g
2x
12x 0, 6g (2)
n
=
Ly phng trnh (1) + (2) ta c:
x = 0,0125
Thay gi tr x = 0,0125 vo phng trnh (1) :
M=32n
n=1 M=32 (loi)
n=2 M=64 (nhn)
n=3 M= 96 (loi)
Vy mui c cng thc phn t l CuCl
2
|
2
CuCl
2
2x
n 0, 0125
n
0, 0125 x 1000
CuCl 0,125M
100
= =
= =
Bi 6: Nhng mt thanh graphit ph kim loi A ha tr II vo dung dch CuSO
4
d. Sau phn ng thanh graphit
gim 0,04 gam. Tip tc nhng thanh graphit ny vo dung dch AgNO
3
d, khi phn ng kt thc khi lng
thanh graphit tng 6,08 gam (so vi khi lng thanh graphit sau khi nhng vo CuSO
4
). Coi nh ton b kim loi
to thnh u bm vo thanh graphit. Xc nh kim loi A.
Li gii:
Th nghim u ton b lng kim loi A tan ht v thay th bng mt lng Cu.
Nh vy trong th nghim 2 chnh ton b lng Cu phn ng vi AgNO
3
.
Cu + 2AgNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag
x mol 2x mol x mol 2x mol
Qu trnh oxi ha
2
Cu Cu 2e
+
+
x mol 2x mol
Qu trnh kh
Ag 1e Ag
+
+
2x mol 2x mol
2x(108)-64=6,08
x = 0,04 mol
S mol cu chnh l do phn ng u sinh ra.
Qu trnh oxi ha
2
A A 2e
+
+
0,04 mol 0,08 mol
Qu trnh kh
2
Cu 2e Cu
+
+
0,04 mol 0,08 mol
0,04 M
A
0,04(64)=0,04 gam
M
A
= 65 Zn.
Bi 7: Ly thanh km nng 9,75g nhng vo dung dch V ml
3 2
Cu(NO ) 0,5M. Tnh V bit Zn gim 0,12g.
Li gii:
Gi x (mol) = n
Zn
phn ng
; n
2
CuCl
=0,2.0,2=0,04 mol
2 2
Zn CuCl ZnCl Cu + +
x x x
Zn Cu
Zn Cu
Zn Cu
m m 65.x 64.x
M M m 0,12g
M M 65 64
x 0,12 mol

> A |= = =

=
Th tch dung dch
3 2
M
n 0,12
Cu(NO ) l : 0, 24 lt 240 ml
C 0, 5
= = =
Bi 8: Cho m gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
th nng ca Cu
2+
cn li trong dung dch bng 1/2 nng
ca Cu
2+
ban u v thu c mt cht rn A c khi lng bng (m + 0,16) gam. Bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Khi lng Fe v nng ( mol/l ) ban u ca Cu(NO
3
)
2
l:
A. 1,12 gam v 0,3M B. 2,24 gam v 0,2 M
C. 1,12 gam v 0,4 M D. 2,24 gam v 0,3 M.
Li gii:
Gi a (M) l nng ban u ca Cu
2+
trong dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
2
Cu (bd)
n
+
= 0,1a mol
2
Cu (spu)
n
+
= 0,05a mol
Fe Fe
2+
+ 2e
0,05a 0,1a
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
0,05a 0,1a
64.0, 05a m 0,16

56.0, 05a m
= +
3, 2a m 0,16
2,8a m
= +
a 0, 4
m 1,12
=
Vy khi lng Fe ban u l 1,12g v nng mol/l Cu(NO

3
)
2
l 0,4M.
Dng 2: Mt kim loi y hai cation kim loi khc.
Khi mt kim loi kh dung dch cha nhiu ion kim loi khc nhau th ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ha cng mnh
cng b kh trc.
- Cho thanh kim loi A + hn hp 2 mui
n
B
+
v
m
C
+
Do
m
C
+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn
n
B
+
, nn
m
C
+
phn ng trc vi A:
m p
mA pC mA pC (I)
+ +
+ +
(vi p l ha tr ca A)
Sau phn ng (I), nu cn d A, s c phn ng (II) gia A v
n
B
+
:
n p
1
nA pB nA pB (II)
2
+ +
+ +
Nh vy nu dung dch sau phn ng cha:
- 3 ion kim loi (
m
C
+
,
n
B
+
,
p
A
+
), cha xong phn ng (I),
n
B
+
cha phn ng v A tan ht.
- 2 ion kim loi (
n
B
+
,
p
A
+
), xong (I), phn ng (II) cha xong (cn d
n
B
+
, vy A tan ht ).
- Ch c 1 ion kim loi (
p
A
+
), xong (I), (II), ht
n
B
+
, d (hoc ht) A.
Bi 1: Cho 12 gam Mg vo 1 lt dung dch ASO
4
v BSO
4
c cng nng l 0,1M (Mg ng trc A, A ng
trc B trong dy in ha).
a). Chng minh A v B kt ta ht.
b). Bit rng phn ng cho ra cht rn C c khi lng 19,2 gam v khi cho C tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
long
d, cn li mt kim loi khng tan c khi lng 6,4 gam. Xc nh 2 kim loi A v B.
c). Ly 1 lt dung dch cha ASO
4
v BSO
4
vi nng mui v 0,1M v thm vo m gam Mg. Lc ly dung
dch D. thm NaOH d vo dung dch D c kt ta E, nung kt ta E ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i,
cui cng c cht rn F c khi lng 10 gam. Tnh khi lng Mg dng.
Li gii:
2 2
A B
Mg
+ +
| |
|
<
a). Ta ln lt c cc phn ng:

kh ht B
2+
v A
2+
cn 0,2 mol Mg
Vi n
Mg b
12
0, 5mol 0, 2mol
24
= = > , ta c d Mg, do A v B kt ta ht.
b). Cht rn C gm 0,1 mol A, 0,1 mol B v 0,5 0,2 = 0,3 mol Mg d.
m
C
= 0,1(A+B) + 0,3.24 = 19,2
0,1(A+B) = 12 A+B = 120
Mg Mg
+2
+ 2e
0,2 0,2 0,4
B
+2
+ 2e B
0,1 0,2 0,1
A
+2
+ 2e A
0,1 0,2 0,1
Trong H
2
SO
4
long. Mg tan (7,2 gam) v A tan, cn li mt kim loi khng tan l B.
m
n
= 0,1B = 6,4 B = 64 : B l Cu
(1) A = 120 64 = 56: A l Fe.
- Gi s Mg va kh Cu
2+
(I)
Dung dch D cha Mg
2+
(0,1 mol), Fe
2+
(0,1 mol)
Thm vo NaOH d ta c 0,1 mol Mg(OH)
2 | .
em ngung ngoi khng kh, c cht gm 0,1 mol MgO v
0,05 mol Fe
2
O
3
.
m
rn
= m
MgO
+
2 3
Fe O
m =(0,1.40)+(0,05.160)=12g
m
1
=12g
- Gi s Mg va kh Cu
2+
v Fe
2+
(II)
Dung dch D khi cha 0,2 mol Mg
2+
. NaOH d to ra 0,2 mol Mg(OH)
2
. Sau khi nung c cht rn l 0,2 mol
MgO.
m
rn
=m
2
=0,2.40=8g
Theo bi m
F
=10g
8<10<12 m
2
< m
F
< m
1
Vy: Cu
2+
b kh ht, Fe
2+
b kh mt phn v Mg tan ht.
Gi x l s mol Mg cn li sau phn ng (I), x mol ny tham ny tham gia ht vo phn ng (II).
Dung dch D cha (0,1+x) mol Mg
2+
v (0,1-x) mol Fe
2+
d.
Vi NaOH d ta thu c (0,1+x) mol Mg(OH)
2
v (0,1-x) mol Fe(OH)
2
.
Sau khi nung ta c (0,1+x) mol MgO v
0,1 x
()
2
mol Fe
2
O
3
.
m
F
= m
MgO
+
2 3
Fe O
m = 40(0,1+x)+160(
0,1 x
2
)
4 + 40x + 8 80x = 10 x = 0,05 mol
n
Mg p
= n
Mg b
= 0,1 + x = 0,15 mol
m
Mg
= 0,15.24 = 360 gam.
Bi 2: Lc m gam bt Fe vi dung dch A gm AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
n khi phn ng kt thc, thu c x gam
cht rn B. Tch B, thu c nc lc C. Cho nc lc C tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c a gam kt ta ca hai
hiroxit kim loi. nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn.
Cho cht rn B tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO
3
long thu c V lt kh NO (ktc).
1) Lp biu thc tnh m theo a, b.
2) Cho a=36,8; b=32; x=34,4.
a) Tnh gi tr ca m.
c). Ta bit s mol ban u ca Fe
2+
v Cu
2+
l 0,1 mol nhng khng bit s mol ban u
ca Mg.
Mg Mg
+2
+ 2e
0,1 0,1 0,2
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
0,1 0,2 0,1
Mg Mg
+2
+ 2e
0,1 0,1 0,2
Fe
+2
+ 2e Fe
0,1 0,2 0,1
b) Tnh s mol ca mi mui trong dung dch ban u.
c) Tnh th tch V ca kh NO.
Cho Cu=64, Ag=108, Fe=56
Li gii:
1. n
Fe
=
m
mol
56
Fe kh Ag
+
, Cu
2+
trong dung dch mui AgNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
theo th t u tin:
2
2 2
Fe 2Ag Fe 2Ag (1)
Fe Cu Fe Cu (2)
+ +
+ +
+ + |
+ + |
Khi cho dung dch C tc dng vi NaOH d, theo gi thit ta thu c a gam kt ta ca 2 hyrooxxit kim loi th
chc chn l Cu(OH)
2
v Fe(OH)
2
.
2
2
2
2
Fe 2OH Fe(OH) (3)
Cu 2OH Cu(OH) (4)
+
+
+ |
+ |
Trong dung dch C cn d Cu
2+
, v phn ng kt thc nn Fe tan ht thnh Fe
2+
, x gam cht rn B ch cha
Ag, Cu, hoc Ag nu (2) cha xy ra m Fe tan ht theo (1).
Khi nung trong khng kh ta c phn ng:
0
0
t
2 2
t
2 2 2 3 2
Cu(OH)CuO H O (5)
1
2Fe(OH)O Fe O 2H O (6)
2
+
+ +
R rng l
m
mol
56
, mol Fe ban u qua cc qu trnh bin i.
2
2 2 3
Fe Fe Fe(OH)Fe O
+

Cui cng ta thu hi dng Fe
2
O
3
, theo s bin i thu gn
2 3
2 3
2Fe Fe O
m m m
mol mol Fe O
56 56.2 112
=
2
CuO Fe O
m b m =
Vy khi lng
m
CuO (b .160)g
112
=
Mt khc, theo (5): s mol Cu(OH)
2
= s mol CuO
2
2 2
Fe(OH)Fe
Cu(OH)Fe(OH)
b m.160 b 2m b m
80 112.80 80 112 80 56
m
n n
56
b m m
a () M M
80 56 56
b m m
()98 90
80 56 56
m 8, 575b 7a
= = =
= =
= | +
= +
=
2. a) Cho a=36,8 b=32 x=34,4
m 8, 575.32 7.36, 8 16, 8g = =
2
Fe Fe 2e
0,1 0,1 0, 2
+
+
D(0,3-0,1) 0,4
Ag 1e Ag
0, 2 0, 2
+
+
2
Cu 2e Cu
0, 2 0, 4
+
+
b) Theo kt qu trn, s mol
16, 8
Fe 0, 3 mol Fe.
56
= =
Nu ch c (1) th 0,3 mol Fe s kh c 0,6 mol Ag
+
thnh 0,6 mol Ag hay x = 0,6.168 = 64,8 > 34,4: tri vi gi
thit. Vy xy ra (2) v trong 34,4 gam cht rn B c c Ag v Cu.
Gi y l s mol Fe tham gia (1) th (0,3 y) l s mol Fe tham gia (2). Theo (1) v (2) ta c phng trnh theo khi
lng.
2y.180+(0,3-y).64=34,4
3
AgNO
y 0,1 n 0, 2 mol = =
2
Cu
n
+ d
= n
CuO
=
32
32 .160
112
0,1 mol
80
=
Vy
2
Cu
n
+
ban u = s mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
= 0,2+0,1 = 0,3 mol
c) Theo kt trn trong cht rn B c:
0,2 mol Ag v 0,2 mol Cu ta c:
0
0
2
Ag Ag e
0, 2 0, 2 0, 2
Cu Cu 2e
0, 2 0, 2 0, 4
+
+
+
+
4H
+
+
3
NO
+ 3e NO + H
2
O
x 3x x
Gi x l s mol NO to ra
3x=0,2+0,4=0,6
x= 0,2 mol NO
Khi NO thu c (ktc) nn V(NO)=0,2.22,4=4,48 lt
0
2 2
OH OH 2
2 2
O H O OH t 2
2 3 2 3
OH 2
Zn Zn(OH)ZnO (tan)
2Fe 2Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)Fe O
5y mol 0,25y mol
Cu

+ + +
+ + + +
+ +

0
t
2
Cu(OH)CuO
0, 5(0,17 x y) 0, 5(0,17 x y)

Ta c phng trnh sau:
(0,25y.160) +
0, 5(0,17 x y)
.80 = 5,2 (3)
T phng trnh (1), (2) v (3) ta c:
x = 0,04 mol Zn
y = 0,06 mol Fe
z = 0,05 mol Cu
T tnh c khi lng kim loi.
m
Zn
= 2,6g; m
Fe
= 3,36g; m
Cu
= 3,2g
Bi 3: Lc 0,81 gam bt nhm trong 200 ml dung dch cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
mt thi gian, thu c cht rn
A v dung dch B. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 100,8 ml kh hiro (o ktc) v cn li 6,012g hn
hp kim loi. Cho B tc dng vi NaOH d c kt ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c 1,6g mt oxit.
Tnh nng C
M
(mol/lt) ca AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong dung dch u.
Li gii:
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
tham gia phn ng
Al
0
Al
+3
+ 3e
(1)
x 2y
3
+ | |
|
\ .
mol (x 2y) + mol
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
0
x mol x mol
Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu
0
y mol 2y mol
Do A tc dng vi NaOH d to ra kh nn sau phn ng Al cn d khi kh ht AgNO
3
v kh mt phn
Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Do .
Cht rn A gm Al d, Cu v Ag.
Dung dch B gm Al(NO
3
)
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
d.
A + NaOH d. Al tan ht, cn 6,012g Ag v Cu.
2
2 2 2
H
2Al 2H O 2NaOH 2NaAlO 3H (2)
0,1008
n 0, 0045 mol
22, 4
+ + + |
= =
B + NaOH d.
0
3 3 2 2 3
3 2 2 3
t
2 2
CuO
Al(NO )4NaOH NaAlO 2H O 3NaNO (3)
Cu(NO )2NaOH Cu(OH)2NaNO (4)
Cu(OH) CuO+H O (5)
16
n 0, 02 mol
80
+ + +
+ +
= =
T (1),(2) ta c:
2
Al H
1 2 2 0, 81
n x y n 0, 03
3 3 3 27
= + + = =
x 2y 0, 081 + = (I)
T (4), (5) c:
108x + 64y =6,012 (II)
Gii h phng trnh (I) v (II) ta c:
x = 0,045 ; y = 0,018
3 2
Cu(NO )bandu CuO
n y n 0,18 0, 02 0, 038 = + = + =
Nng C
M
ca cc cht trong dung dch u l:
3
3 2
M(AgNO )
M(Cu(NO ))
0, 045
C 0, 225M
0, 2
0, 038
C 0,19M
0, 2
= =
= =
Bi 4: R, X, Y l cc kim loi ha tr 2, khi lng nguyn t tng ng l r,x,y. Nhng 2 thanh kim loi R cng
khi lng vo 2 dung dch mui nitrat ca X, Y. Ngi ta nhn thy khi s mol mui nitrat ca R trong 2 dung
dch bng nhau th khi lng thanh th I gim a% v thanh th 2 tng b% (gi s tt c kim loi bm vo thanh
R). Lp biu thc tnh R theo a, b, x, y. p dng: X l Cu, Y l Pb, a=0,2%; b=28,4%.
Li gii:
Gi z l s mol R tham gia phn ng:
2
R R 2e
z z 2z
+
+
2
X 2e X
z 2z z
+
+
2
R R 2e
z z 2z
+
+
2
Y 2e Y
z 2z z
+
+
Gi m l khi lng ban u ca thanh kim loi R.
gim khi lng ca R trong dung dch X
2+
: m
Rtan
- m
X
=z(r-x)=
m.a
100
(1)
tng khi lng ca R trong dung dch Y
2+
:m
Y
m
Rtan
=z(y-r)=
m.b
100
(2)
(2)y r b
(1)r x a
ay ar=br-bx
ay bx
r
a b
+
=
+
p dng:
Vi X l Cu: x=64; Y l Pb: y=207; a=0,2; b=28,4, ta c:
0, 2.207 28, 4.64
r 65
0, 2 28, 4
+
= =
+
R l Zn
Bi 5: Mt dung dch cha hai mui clorua ca kim loi M: MCl
2
v MCl
3
c s mol bng nhau. Cho Al va
phn ng hon ton vi dung dch trn. Khi lng M thu c sau phn ng l 3,36 g. Bit rng tng s gam Al
dng l 1,35g. kim loi M l kim loi no sao y:
A. Cr B. Fe C. Mn D. Ti
Gii:
3
Al Al 3e
+
+
2
a mol
3
2a mol
2
M 2e M
+
+
a mol 2a mol
3
Al Al 3e
+
+
a mol 3a mol
3
M 3e M
+
+
a mol 3a mol
Phn ng vi MCl
2
l
54
a
3
gam = 18a gam
Phn ng vi MCl
3
l 27a gam
18a +27a = 1,35 gam
a = 0,03
m
Al
tham gia phn ng (1): 18a = 0,54g
m
Al
tham gia phn ng (2): 0,81g
S mol mui MCl
2
v MCl
3
bng nhau v bng 0,03 mol.
Theo phng trnh (1) v (2), tng s mol kim loi M c gii phng l 2a mol.
Thay a = 0,03 2a = 0,06 mol
M c khi lng mol:
3, 36
56gam
0, 06
=
M l st.
Bi 6: Cho m (g) Mg tc dng vi 300ml dung dch X cha
4
CuSO 0,2M v
3
AgNO 0,1M. Sau phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c 2,16 (gam) cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A.0,64 gam B.0,24 gam C. 0.32 gam D. 0,45 gam
Li gii:
1 Ag
m m 0,1.0, 3.108 3, 24 gam (Ag
+
= = =
tham gia ht)
2 Ag Cu
m m m 3, 24 0, 2.0, 3.64 7, 08 gam (Cu
+
= + = + = tham gia ht)
Rn = 2,16 <
1
m 3, 24 gam =
Mg ch phn ng mt phn vi Ag
+
v sinh ra cht rn Ag.
m
cht rn
= m
Ag
= 2,16 gam
Ag
2,16
n 0, 02 mol
108
= =
Ag
Mg
n
0, 02
n 0, 01 mol (Mg + 2Ag Mg + 2Ag )
s e nhung 2
+
+ + +
= = =
Mg
m 0, 01.24 0, 24 gam = =
Chn B.
Bi 7: Nhng 1 thanh Fe ngn 100g vo 500ml dung dch hn hp CuSO
4
0,08M v Ag
2
SO
4
0,004M. Sau mt thi
gian ly thanh Fe ra cn li c 100,48g
(a) Tnh khi61 lng cht rn A thot ra bm trn thanh Fe.
(b) Ly thanh Fe c khi lng 100,48g ni trn cho phn ng vi axit HNO
3
m c. Tnh th tch kh nu thot
ra (ktc).
(C) Cho ton b kh nu ni trn vo 3 lt dung dch NaOH 2M. Tnh nng cc cht sau phn ng. Gi thit th
tch dung dch thay i khng ng k.
Hng dn:
(a) Do Ag
+
u tin phn ng nn xt trng hp Cu
2+
cha phn ng ht.
Ta c:
Ag
+
(0,004 mol) v Cu
2+
(b < 0,04mol)
2
2
Fe Fe 2e
Ag e Ag 2a 0, 004 2b
Cu 2e Cu
+
+
+
+
+ = +
+
Mt khc: 0,48 = 108.0,004 + 64b - 56a
a = 0,022 (mol) v b = 0,02 (mol)
m
A
= 108.0,004 + 64.0,02 = 1,712g
(b)
Fe100 56.0, 022 98, 768g 1, 764mol
Ag0, 004mol
Cu0, 02mol
=
T 3 phng trnh phn ng

2
NO
n 5, 335mol =
(c) dung dch sau phn ng c: NaNO

2
(2,6675 mol)
NaNO
3
(2,6675 mol)
NaOH (0,665 mol).
Bi 8: Cho hn hp Y gm 2,8 gam Fe v o,81 gam Al vo 200 ml dung dch C cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
3
. Khi
phn ng kt thc ta thu c dung D v 8,12 g cht rn E gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn E tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d th thu c 0,0672 lt kh H
2
(ktc).
Tnh nng mol/lt ca AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
3
trong dung dch C.
Hng dn
Al u tin phn ng vi AgNO
3
nn nu E gm 3 kim loi th trong c Ag, Cu, Fe d
Do kim loi Fe d nn AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
ht
Fedu
E HCl n 0, 03mol + =
Cht kh:
Fe(0, 05 0, 03 0, 02mol)
Al(0, 03mol)
=
Cht oxi ha:

2
Ag (amol)
Cu (bmol)
+
+
T qu trnh kh:
a 2b 0,13
108a 64b 0, 03.56 8,12
+ =
+ + =
|
3
AgNO 0,15M = v |
3 3
Cu(NO )0, 25M =
Dng 3: Hai kim loi y mt cation kim loi khc.
- Khi nhiu kim loi cng kh mt ion ca dung dch mui th kim loi c tnh kh mnh s kh trc.
- Cho kim loi A, B + mui
n
MX (M A, B) >
a m
a n
A MX AX M
B MX BX M
+ + |
+ + |
- Cht rn: M v A, B (nu d)
- m
rn
M B
m m = + th A ht v b cha phn ng.
-
A B
m m m + <
rn
<
M B
m m +
th A ht v B phn ng cha ht.

- Nhng trng hp khc phi xt tng bi ton c th.
Phng php so snh:
Bc 1: Tnh khi lng cc ion kim loi trong mui.
Bc 2: So snh da trn hai mc khi lng.
1
m m =
kim loi mui yu
v
2
m m =
tng cc kim loi mui.
Bc 3: Xc nh cht rn v tnh ton
Bi 1: Cho 1,36 gam hn hp bt A (Fe + Mg) v 400 ml dung dch CuSO
4
c nng mol/l. Sau khi phn ng
xy xong, thu c 1,84 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Thm NaOH vo dung dch C c kt ta. Nung kt ta
ny ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 1,2 gam cht rn D. Tnh thnh phn phn trm mi kim
loi trong A v tnh x.
Li gii:
2
Cu
| | |
+
Mg > Fe
Mg c tnh kh mnh hn Fe s tc dng trc vi Cu
2+
; ht Mg, Fe mi tc dng vi Cu
2+
.
Xt 3 trng hp:
1) Mg v Fe tc dng ht, d Cu
2+
.
2) Mg tc dng mt phn, Fe s cha tc dng, ht Cu
2+
.
3) Mg tc dng ht, Fe tc dng mt phn, d Cu
2+
.
- Mg v Fe tc dng ht, d Cu
2+
.
Gi a = n
Mg
, b = n
Fe
, c = n
Cu
.
m
A
= 24a + 56b =1,36 (1)
Dung dch C cha a mol Mg
2+
, b mol Fe
2+
v c (a+b) mol Cu
2+
d (c > a + b).
Vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta gm a mol Mg(OH)
2
, b mol Fe(OH)
2
v c (a+b) mol Cu(OH)
2
. Sau khi nung
nng, cht rn D gm a mol MgO,
2 3
b
mol Fe O
2
v c (a+b) mol CuO.
D
b
m 40a 160. 80(c a b)1, 20
2
40a 80b 80(c a b)1, 20
= + + =
+ + =
(2)
So snh gia (1) v (2), ta thy h s ca a, b trong (2) ln hn trong (1), cng thm 80(c a - b) dng nhng kt
qu l 1,20 < 1,36 nn trng hp ny sai.
- Mg tc dng mt phn, Fe s cha tc dng, ht Cu
2+
.
Dung dch D cha c mol Mg
2+
. Vi NaOH d, thu c c mol Mg(OH)
2
kt ta v sau khi nung, c c mol MgO.
1, 2
c 0, 03mol
40
= =
Cht rn B gm (a - c) mol Mg d, b mol Fe v c mol Cu.
m
B
= 24(a - c) + 56b +64c = 1,84
m
B
= 24a + 56b +40c = 1,84 (3)
(3) (1) 40c = 1,84 1,36 = 0,48
0, 48
c 0, 012mol
40
= =
Ta c 2 gi tr khc nhau ca c nn trng hp ny sai.
- Mg tc dng ht, Fe tc dng mt phn, d Cu
2+
.
Mg Mg
+2
+ 2e
a 2a
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
B 2b
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
(a+b) (2a+2b)
Mg Mg
+2
+ 2e
c c 2c
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
c 2c
m
B
= m
Fe d
+
Cu
m
|
= 56 (b c + a) +64c = 1,84
Sau khi n gin: 7a + 7b + c = 0,23 (4)
(1): 83a +7b = 0,17 (1)
Dung dch C cha a mol Mg
2+
, (c a) mol Fe
2+
. Sau khi kt ta bng NaOH d v nung kt ta ngoi khng kh ta
c:
A mol MgO v
2 3
c a
mol Fe O
2
| |
|
\ .
D
c a
m 40a 160 1, 2
2
2c a 0, 03 (5)
| |
= + =
|
\ .
=
(4), (1) v (5) cho ta:
a = 0,01 mol Mg, b = 0,02 mol Fe v c = 0,02 mol CuSO
4
(a + b > c): ng.
Thnh phn % hn hp A.
m
Mg
= 0,01.24 = 0,24 gam
m
Fe
= 0,02.56 = 1,12 gam
0, 24
%Mg .100% 17, 65%
(0, 24 1,12)
%Fe 100 17, 65 82, 35%
= =
+
= =
Nng mol ca CuSO
4
:
4
M(CuSO )
0, 02
C x 0, 05M
0, 4
= = =
Bi 2: Cho 9,16 gam bt A gm Zn, Fe, Cu vo cc ng 170ml dung dch CuSO
4
1M. Sau phn ng thu c
dung dch B v kt ta C trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i c 12 gam cht rn. Thm
dung dch NaOH vo mt na dung dch B, lc kt t, ra v nung trong khng kh n nhit khng i thu
c 5,2 gam cht rn D. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.
Li gii:
Theo u bi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton Zn phn ng trc, sau n Fe v ion Cu
2+
c th ht hoc cn d.
4
CuSO
n 0,17.1 0,17 mol = =
Gi s 9,16 gam A hon ton l Fe (khi lng nguyn t nh nht) th
hh
9,16
n 0,164
56
= = v vy n
Fe+Cu
trong hn hp <
4
CuSO
n . Do sau phn ng CuSO
4
cn d hn hp kim loi th
ht.
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca Zn, Fe, Cu.
Mg Mg
+2
+ 2e
a 2a
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
c - a 2c -2a
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
c 2c
0 +2
0 +2
Zn Zn + 2e
x mol 2x mol
Fe Fe + 2e
y mol 2y mol
+2 +2 0
Cu + 2e Cu
(2x+2y)mol (x+y)mol
Ta c :
65x 56y 64z 9,16 + + =
(1)
Cht rn C l Cu: vi s mol
2
1
Cu + O CuO
2
12
(x y z)mol 0,15mol
80
x y z 0,15mol (2)
+ + =
+ + =
Khi cho dung dch B + NaOH s xy ra cc phn ng:
0
2 2
OH OH 2
2 2
O H O OH t 2
2 3 2 3
OH 2
Zn Zn(OH)ZnO (tan)
2Fe 2Fe(OH)2Fe(OH)Fe O
5y mol 0,25y mol
Cu

+ + +
+ + + +
+ +

0
t
2
Cu(OH)CuO
0, 5(0,17 x y) 0, 5(0,17 x y)

Ta c phng trnh sau:
(0,25y.160) + 0, 5(0,17 x y) .80 = 5,2 (3)
T phng trnh (1), (2) v (3) ta c:
x = 0,04 mol Zn
y = 0,06 mol Fe
z = 0,05 mol Cu
T tnh c khi lng kim loi.
m
Zn
= 2,6g; m
Fe
= 3,36g; m
Cu
= 3,2g
Bi 3: Cho 5,5g hn hp b Al v Fe (trong s mol Al gp i s mol Fe) vo 300 ml dung dch
3
AgNO 1M.
khuy k cho phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Xc nh gi tr ca m.
Li gii:
Gi
Fe Al
n x; n =2x =
Theo : 56x +2x.27=5,5 x = 0,05 mol
3
Al Al 3e
0,1mol 0, 3mol
Ag 1e Ag
0, 3mol 0, 3mol
+
+
+
+
Al ht th Fe mi phn ng:
3 3 2
Fe 2AgNO Fe(NO )2Ag + +
Ag
m 0, 3.108 32, 4g = =
Cht rn cn li l Ag v Fe cha phn ng
m
rn
Ag Fe
m m 32, 4 0, 05.56 35, 2g = + = + =
Dng 4: Hai kim loi cho vo dung dch cha hai cation kim loi khc.
- Theo th t kim loi c tnh kh mnh th s phn ng trc.
- Ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ha cng mnh s b kh trc.
Cho kim loi A, B+ hn hp mui MX
a
v NY
b
(tnh kh A> B, tnh oxi ha M
a+
> N
b+
a m
b m
a n
b n
A MX AX M
A NY AY N
B MX BX M
B NY BX N
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
e cho e nhn
n n =

Bi 1: Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi: A (ch c ha tr 2) v B (c ha tr 2 v 3), c khi lng 18,4 gam. Khi
cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th X tan ht cho ra 11,2 lt H
2
(ktc), cn nu cho X tan ht trong dung dch
HNO
3
c 8,96 lt NO (ktc) thot ra.
a) Tm mt h thc gia 2 KLNT ca A v B. Xc nh A, B bit rng B ch c th l Cr hay Fe. Xc nh thnh
phn % hn hp X.
b) Ly 9,2 gam hn hp X vi thnh phn % nh trn cho vo 1 lt dung dch Y cha AgNO
3
0,01M v Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,15M. Phn ng to ra cht rn C v dung dch D. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch D, c kt ta. em nung kt
ta ny ngoi khng kh c cht rn E. Tnh khi lng ca C v E.
Li gii:
a) Gi n
A
l a, n
B
l b.
Khi lng hn hp X= aA + bB = 18,4 (1)
X vi dung dch HCl: do HCl l axit khng c tnh oxi ha. B cho ra mui BCl
2
.
2
H
11, 2
n a b =0,5mol (2)
22, 4
= + =
X vi dung dch HNO
3
: do HNO
3
l axit c tnh oxi ha mnh. B cho ra mui B(NO
3
)
3
.
A A
+2
+ 2e
a mol 2a mol
B B
+2
+ 2e
b mol 2b mol
2H
+
+ 2e H
2
(2a+2b) mol (a+b) mol
NO
2a 8, 96
N +b= =0,4 (3)
3 22, 4
=
a
(2)(3)0,1 a 0, 3mol A
3
b 0, 2mol B
= =
=
Thay a v b vo (1) ta c:
0,3A + 0,2B = 18,4
Hay 3A + 2B = 184
Nu B l Cr:
184 2.52 80
A
3 3
= = (loi)
Nu B l Fe:
184 2.56
A 24
3
= = (nhn)
Vy A l Mg v B l Fe.
- Thnh phn % hn hp X.
0, 3.24
%Mg .100% 39,13%
18, 4
%Fe 100 39,13 60, 87%
= =
= =
b) V 9,2 =
18, 4
2
Vy 9,2 g hn hp X cha
0, 3 0, 2
0,15mol Mg v 0,1mol Fe
2 2
= = .
1 lt dung dch Y cha 0,1 mol Ag
+
v 0,5 mol Cu
2+
.
V ta bit s mol ban u ca Mg, Fe, Ag
+
v Cu
2+
, nn ch cn theo ng th t cc phn ng tnh s mol.
2
Cu Ag
| | | |
+ +
<
Mg > Fe
Sau khi Mg phn ng vi Ag
+
, d 0,15 - 0,05 = 0,1 mol Mg.
Sau khi Mg d phn ng vi Cu
2+
, d 0,15 0,1 = 0,05 mol Cu
2+
.
Sau khi Fe phn ng vi Cu
2+
d, d 0,1 - 0,05 = 0,05 mol Fe.
Cht rn C gm:
0,1 mol Ag m = 0,1.108 = 10,8 gam
0,15 mol Cu m = 0,15.64 = 9,6 gam
0,05 mol Fe d m = 0,05.56 = 2,8 gam
A A
+2
+ 2e
a mol 2a mol
B B
+3
+ 3e
b mol 3b mol
N
+5
+ 3e N
+2
(2a+3b) mol
2a 3b
3
+ | |
|
\ .
mol
Mg Mg
+2
+ 2e
0,05 0,2
D 0,1 0,2
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e 0,05 0,1
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
0,1 0,1
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
0,1 0,2 0,1
0,1 D 0,05
M
C
= 10,8 + 9,6 +2,8 = 23,2 gam
Dung dch D cha 0,15 mol Mg
2+
v 0,05 mol Fe
2+
.
Khi thm NaOH d c 0,15 mol Mg(OH)
2
| v 0,05 mol Fe(OH)
2
| .
Khi nung ngoi khng kh thu c cht rn E gm:
0,15 mol MgO v
2 3
0, 05
mol Fe O
2
m
E
= 0,15.40 +
0, 05
2
.160 = 10 gam
Bi 2: Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe c khi lng 8,3 gam. Cho X vo 1 lt dung dch A cha AgNO
3
0,1M v
Cu(NO
3
)
2
0,2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc c cht rn B v dung dch C mt mu hon ton. B hon ton
khng tan trong dung dch HCl.
Tnh khi lng ca B, % Al v % Fe trong hn hp X.
Li gii:
Gi: a = n
Al
, b = n
Fe
trong hn hp X.
2
2
Ag Cu
Cu Ag
Al Fe
n 0,1mol, n 0, 2mol
| | | |
+ +
+ +
>
>
= =
Da trn v tr Al, Fe, Cu v Ag trn dy in ha, ta thy phn ng trc Fe, Ag
+
trc Cu
2+
.
Dung dch Cu
2+
mt mu hon ton, c ngha l Cu
2+
b kh ht thnh Cu. Do Ag
+
b kh trc Cu
2+
, nu Cu
2+
b kh c ngha l Ag
+
b kh ht.
Cht rn B ch cha Ag v Cu, khng cha Fe, Al v nu c 2 kim loi ny B s c phn ng vi dung dch HCl.
Vy Al, Fe phn ng va vi Ag
+
v Cu
2+
.
Ta c m
B
= m
Ag
+ m
Cu
= 0,1.108 +0,2.64
= 10,8 +12,8 = 23,6 gam.
Ta c:
cho nhn
e e
n n =

3a + 2b = 0,5
m
x
= m
Al
+ m
Fe
= 27a + 56b = 8,3
(1) v (2) a = 0,1 mol Al; b = 0,1 mol Fe.
0,1.27.100
%Al 32, 53%
8, 3
= =
% Cu = 100 32,53 = 67,47 %.
Bi 3: Cho hn hp Y gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200 ml dung dch C cha AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
. Khi
phn ng kt thc ta thu c dung dch D v 8,12 gam cht rn E gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn E tc dng vi
dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,672 lit kh H
2
. Tnh nng mol/lit ca AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong dung dch C.
Li gii:
3
nn nu E gm 3 kim loi th t hn l Ag, Cu v Fe d.
Do kim loi Fe d nn AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
ht
Al Al
+3
+ 3e
a 3a
Fe Fe
+2
+ 2e
b 2b
Ag
+
+ 1e Ag
0,1 0,1
Cu
+2
+ 2e Cu
0,2 0,4
E + HCl
Fe
n
d
= 0,03 (mol)
Fe
n 0, 05 0, 03 0, 02 = =
T qu trnh oxi ha kh:
a 2b 0,13
108a 64b 0, 03.56 8,12
+ =
+ + =
| |
3 3 2
AgNO 0,15(M) v Cu(NO )0, 25 (M) = =
Bi 4: Ha tan 5,64 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
v 1,70 gam AgNO
3
vo nc c 101,43 gam dung dch A. Cho 1,57 gam
bt kim loi gm Zn v Al vo phn rn B v dung dch D ch cha 2 mui. Ngm B trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long
thy khng c kh thot ra.
Tnh nng % ca mi mui trong dung dch D.
Li gii:
3
Cht rn B khng phn ng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
chng t Al, Zn phn ng ht.
Dung dch D ch cha 2 mui chng t AgNO
3
v Cu(NO
3
)
2
ht
D
3 3
3 2
2a +3b = 0,07
a = 0,02 (mol) v b = 0,01 (mol)
m 101, 43 1, 57 (0, 01.108 0, 03.64)100 gam
C% Al(NO )2,13%
C% Zn(NO )3, 78%
= + + =
=
=
Bi 5: Cho 3,61 gam Al, Fe (gm 0,03 mol Al, 0,05 mol Fe) tc dng vi 100ml dung dch A cha Cu(NO
3
)
2
v
AgNO
3
. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch v 8,12g cht rn C gm 3 kim loi. Cho cht rn C tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d dc 0,672l H
2
ktc. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Tnh nng C
M
ca cc dung dch mui trn.
Li gii:
0
3
0
2
Al Al 3e
0, 03mol 0, 09mol
Fe Fe 2e
0, 02mol 0, 04mol
+
+
+
+
2
Ag 1e Ag
a mol a mol
Cu 2e Cu
bmol 2bmol
+
+
+
+
2
3
Zn Zn 2e
a mol 2a mol
Al Al 3e
bmol 3bmol
+
+
+
+
2
Ag 1e Ag
0, 01mol 0, 01mol
Cu 2e Cu
0, 03mol 0, 06mol
+
+
+
+
Zn (a mol) 65a + 27b = 1,57
Al (b mol)


3
2 3
2
2 2
2
2
Al 3Ag Al 3Ag
2Al 3Cu 2Al 3Cu
Fe 2Ag Fe 2Ag
Fe Cu Fe Cu
Fe 2H Fe H
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + |
+ + |
+ + |
+ + |
+ + |
2
H Fe
0, 672
n 0, 03 n 0, 03
22, 4
= = =
Vy 3 kim loi l: Ag, Cu, Fe. t s mol AgNO
3
l a mol, s mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
l b mol.
n
Fe
tham gia phn ng: 0,05 - 0,03 = 0,02
Ta c:

2
0 0 0
3e 2e 1e 2e 2e 3 2 2
2
s e Ag nhn s e Cu nhn
s e Al cho s e Fe cho
s e H nhn
Al Al ; Fe Fe ; Ag Ag; Cu Cu; 2H H
0, 03.3 0, 05.2 a.1 b.2 0, 03.2
+ +
+
+ + + + + + + +

+ = + +

Ta c h phng trnh:
a 2b 0,13
108a 64b (0, 03.56)8,12
+ =
+ + =
Gii h phng trnh trn ta c a= 0,03; b=0,05

T tnh c nng mui AgNO
3
, Cu(NO
3
)
2
.
HT

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Gii bi tp bng phng php bo ton e v phng php ion e.

(Vi a l s mol electron m

Bi 3: Ho tan 50 gam hn hp mt s kim loi trong dung dch H

Bi 4: Ho tan 15,95 gam hn hp Ag, Zn, v Al bng H

Dng 2: Tm cng thc ca sn phm kh

Cch 1: Cc qu trnh oxi ho - kh xy ra:

Y + dung dch NaOH

Mt khc t gi thit v t khi: 44a + 28b = 8 (3*)

Qu trnh kh Qu trnh oxi ha

A + dung dch NaOH

Khi lng dung dch A = m

. Tnh nng % cc cht trong B(xem nh lng

(b) ta c h phng trnh:

= 4,8 + 0,08.62 + 0,016.96 = 11,296g

(to hn hp kh) = a+b =

p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c:

Fe d 0,75m 0,7m= 0,05m

p dng nh lut bo ton electron:

p dng nh lut bo ton electron :

Theo nh lut bo ton in tch, ta suy ra: x = 0,04 (mol)

*Cc bi ton c gii theo phng php bo ton electron:

Gii phng trnh trn ta c: x = 2 ; y = 1

Ta c khi lng hn hp mui l:

Vy, hn hp kh sau phn ng l:

p dng nh lut bo ton electron :

Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c:

Theo nh lut bo ton in tch ta c:

Theo nh lut bo ton e ta c: | ) | )

Theo nh lut bo ton e, ta c: s mol e nhn = 0,56:0,07 = 8 (mol)

Qu trnh oxi ha Qu trnh kh

64.0, 05a m 0,16

Vy khi lng Fe ban u l 1,12g v nng mol/l Cu(NO

a). Ta ln lt c cc phn ng:

T 3 phng trnh phn ng

(c) dung dch sau phn ng c: NaNO

Cht oxi ha:

th A ht v B phn ng cha ht.

Gii bi tp bng phng php bo ton e v phng php ion e. Lp 10A4

Gii h phng trnh trn ta c a= 0,03; b=0,05

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