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Written by T Minh c.

THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
PHNG PHP O HM GII TON PHNG PHP O HM GII TON
DNG TON 1. GII PHNG TRNH, BT PHNG TRNH,
H PHNG TRNH V H BT PHNG TRNH
V d 1. Gii cc phng trnh
1.
2 2
cos x sin x
2 2 cos 2x 0 +
2.
3 3 2 2 3 3
x 2 x 1 2x 1 2x + + + + +
3. (Khi A-1970)
x x x
3 4 5 +
4. (BTS)
3 2
2log cot gx log cos x
5. (HVQHQT-1996) ( )
4
4
1
2x 1 2x
27
+
6. ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
2x 1 2 2x 1 3 3x 2 9x 3 0 + + + + + + +
V d 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau
1. ( )
3
1 log 1 2 x x + + +
x
3
2.
( ) ( )
2004 2006
log 1 log 1
2006 2004 2
x x +

3. (TH&TT)
2 6 3 5
x x x x
+ +
4.(TH&TT T7/289)
2 2
4 2 3 3
x x x x
+ +
5.
( )
2
3 1
2
3
1
log 3 2 2
5
x x
x x

| `
+ +

. ,
V d 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh
1. (HY-1999)
x x x
2.2 3,3 6 1 + > 2.
x x
x x
2 3 5
3 4 7
+

+
V d 4. Gii cc h phng trnh
a. (H Lut-1996)
3 2
3 2
3 2
2x 1 y y y
2y 1 z z z
2z 1 x x x
+ + +

+ + +
'

+ + +

b.
tgx tgy y x
2x 7y 4
x, y
2 2

+
'


< <

V d 5. Gii cc bt phng trnh


1. (HXD-1994)
x
tg 2x 3
4
0
4 x x

+ +
>

2. (H Lut-1996)
2 x
x
3 3 2x
0
4 2

V d 6
1. (HXD-1994). Tm k phng trnh sau c ba nghim phn bit
( ) ( )
2
x k 2 x 2x
1
2
2
4 log x 2x 3 2 log 2 x k 2 0
+
+ + +
2. Tm a bt phng trnh sau ch c ng mt nghim
( )
( )
2 2
1 5 a
a
log x ax 5 1 .log x ax 6 log 3 0 + + + + + +
1
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
CC BI TP LUYN TP
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau
1. (Phng ng-1996) ( )
4
4
sin x 1 sinx 17 +
2.
x 3x 6 2 6 x
2x 6 x 4
+ +

+ +
3.
2
2 2
1 x 1 2x
x x
1 1
2 2
2 x


4.
x 1 x
2
1 x
2 2 log
x


5.
2 2
cos x sin x
e e cos 2x
6. (HBK-1999)
2 n
n n
2
sin x cos x 2

+
vi
n , n 2 >
trn
0;
2

| `

. ,
7. (SPHN-2001)
3 5 6 2
x x
x + +
Bi 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau
1.
( )
x
x
2 3 1 + 2. ( )
x 2 x 2
25 3x 10 5 3 x 0

+ +
3.
x 1 x 1
3 100 7
+
+
4.
( ) 2 3
log 1 x log x +
5.
( )
2 2
4x 1 x 1 2x 2x 1 + + + 6.
2 2 2
log 9 log x log 3 2
x x 3 x
7.
( ) ( )
5 7
log x 1 log x 1
7 5 2
+

8.
( )
5
log x 3
2 x
+

9.
2 2
log x log 5 2
x 3 x + 10. ( )
x x
25 2 3 x 5 2x 7 0 +
12.
x x
4 3 1 +
11. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 2 log x 1 4 x 1 log x 1 16 0 + + + + +

Bi 3. Gii cc bt phng trnh, h phng trnh
1.
( ) ( ) ( )
x x x
6 4 2 17 12 2 34 24 2 1 + + 2.
x x x x
3 4 8 15 + + <
3.
x
x
2
1
2cos 4cos 3 1
7 7
2cos
7
| `


| `


. ,


. ,

4. (HVQY-1996)
1 x
x
3 3x 2
0
2 1

5. (HKTQD-1996)
2
3 2
x 5x 4 0
x 3x 9x 10 0
+ + <

'
+ >

Bi 4. Gii cc h phng trnh


1.
2
2
2
x y 1
y z 1
z x 1
+

+
'

2.
3 2
3 2
3 2
x y y y 2
y z z z 2
z x x x 2
+ +

+ +
'

+ +

2
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
3. (BTS)
cot gx cot gy x y
5x 8y 2
0 x, y

+
'

< <

4.
tgx tgy x y
sin x sin y 2
x, y
2 2

+
'


< <

5. (HTN-1997)
( ) ( )
x y
2 2
2 2
e e log y log x xy 1
x y 1
+

'
+

6. (HQG-1995)
( ) ( )
x y
2 2
2 2 y x xy 2
x y 2
+

'
+

Bi 5
1. ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
2x 1 2x 1 2004 2005 x x 2004 2005 0 + + + + + + +
2. (BTS) Chng minh rng vi a 0 h phng trnh sau lun c duy
nht mt nghim
2
2
2
2
a
2x y
y
a
2y x
x

'

3. (HBK-1998) Bin lun theo a s nghim ca phng trnh


2 2
2 x sin x 2 x cos x a 1 a 1 + + + +
4. (H Hng Hi-1999) Gii v bin lun theo m h phng trnh
2
4 2
1
4
x
x 4x m m 4 0

<

'

+ + + >

Bi 6. Gii phng trnh


1. (HSPHN2-1999)
2
x
cos x 1
2
2.
x
6x 5 4sin
3


3. ( ) ( )
2 2
2 3
2 2 3
log x 2x 2 log x 2x 3
+
+

4.
3
x
sin x x
3

DNG TON 2. TM THAM S PHNG TRNH, BT
PHNG TRNH C NGHIM
V d 1. Tm tham s phng trnh f(x) = m, x X c nghim.
1. (HXD-1994) Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim
6 6
sin x cos x msin2x +
3
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
2. (HGTVT-1999) Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim
2
mcos 2x 4sin xcos x m 2 0 +
3. (HVBCVT-1999) Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim
( )
x x x 12 m 5 x 4 x + + +
4. (HKTQD-1997) Tm a phng trnh sau c nghim
( ) ( ) 1 x 8 x 1 x 8 1 a + + + +
V d 2
1. (HQG khi A-1999). Tm m bt phng trnh sau c nghim
2 2 2
sin x cos x sin x
2 3 m.3 +
2. (H TM-1998) Tm m h phng trnh sau c nghim
2
3 2
x 3x 4 0
x 3x x m 15m 0

'

3. (H-C Khi B nm 2005) Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim


( )
2 2 4 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 1 1 m x x x x x + + +
V d 3
1. (H TM-1996) Tm k phng trnh
4 3
x 4x 8x 1 k + + c bn
nghim phn bit
2. (khi A-1978) Chng minh rng nu n l s t nhin chn, a > 3 th
phng trnh sau y v nghim
( ) ( )
n 2 n 1 n 2
n 1 x 3 n 2 x a 0
+ + +
+ + +
3. Tm m phng trnh sau c bn nghim phn bit
2
4 3
4 2
1
1
5
x x
m m
+
| `
+

. ,
CC BI TP LUYN TP
Bi 1. Tm tham s cc phng trnh sau c nghim
1.
2 2
x x 1 x x 1 m + + +
2. (HNT-1997)
3 3
1 x 1 x a + +
3. (HAN-1997)
2 2
x 2x 4 x 2x 4 m + + +
4. (BTS)
6 6
sin x cos x m sin2x +
5. (khi A-1986)
6 6
2 2
cos x sin x
2atg2x
cos x sin x
+

6. (H Cn Th-1997) ( ) ( )
2
x 2x 4 3 x x 1 m 3 + + +
7. (H Thy Sn-1998) ( ) ( ) 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x m + + +
4
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
8. Tm k nguyn phng trnh:
2 2
x
2sin x 6cos 5 2k
2
+ c nghim.
Bi 2
1. (BTS) Ty theo m hy bin lun s nghim s ca phng trnh
2n 2 n 2 2
x x x
m 0
2n 2 n 2 2
+ +
+ + +
+ +
( ) n
2. (BTS) Bin lun s nghim s ca phng trnh
4 4 4
x 4x m x 4x m 6 + + + + +
3. (HBK-1999) Tm a th hm s ( )
3
y f x x ax+2 +
ct trc honh
ti ng mt im.
4. (HLN-1996) Chng minh phng trnh
3 2
x mx 3 0
lun c mt
nghim dng. Tm m phng trnh ch c duy nht mt nghim.
5. (BTS) Tm p phng trnh sau c nghim
2
2
2 4 2
4x 2px
1 p 0
1 2x x 1 x
+ +
+ + +
6. Tm a phng trnh
2 2
2x 3x 2 5a 8x 2x
c nghim duy nht.
7. Tm a phng trnh
2 2
2x 10x 8 x 5x a + +
c bn nghim khc nhau.
8. (HNT - 1998) Tm m phng trnh
2
x 4x 3
4 2
1
m m 1
5
+
| `
+

. ,
c bn
nghim phn bit
9. ( 49III
1
) Vi gi tr no ca m th phng trnh
x 1
1
3m 2
2


c duy
nht mt nghim.
10. ( 99III
1
) Xc nh k phng trnh sau c ba nghim phn bit
( ) ( )
2
x k 2 x 2x
1
2
2
4 log x 2x 3 2 log 2 x k 2 0
+
+ + +
Bi 3
1. (HVQHQT-1999) Tm m h
2
2
x 10x 9 0
x 2x 1 m 0
+ +

'
+

c nghim
2. (HBK-1995) Tm m h phng trnh sau c nghim
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
x 2 3m x 6m 0
x 2m 5 x m 5m 6 0

+ <

'
+ + + +

3. (HTCKT-1996) Tm m bt phng trnh sau c nghim


x x
9 m.3 m 3 0 + + +
4. (BTS) Tm a > 0 bt phng trnh
x x 1 a
c nghim.
5
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
5. (3I
2
) Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim
( ) ( ) ( )
x 1
x 3 x 1 4 x 3 m
x 3
+
+ +

6. (5II
2
) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s a phng trnh
( )
2
2
1 a tg x 1 3a 0
cosx
+ +
c nhiu hn mt nghim trong khong
0;
2

| `

. ,
DNG TON 3. TM GTLN, GTNN CA Y=f(x); x X
V d 1
1. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s [ ]
3x 1
y 0; 2
x 3

trn
2. (HVNHTHHCM-1998) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
2
2
20x 10x 3
y
3x 2x 1
+ +

+ +
3. (HBK-1997) Cho tam gic ABC vi cc gc tha mn A > B > C. Tm
GTNN ca hm s ( )
x sinA x sinB
f x 1
x sinC x sinC

+

. T suy ra phng
trnh
x sinA x sinB x sinC +
c mt v ch mt nghim.
V d 2
1. (HVNH-1998) Tm GTNN ca
1 1
y
sin x cos x

+ v i 0 <x <
2
2. (H Lut-1999) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
20 20
y sin x cos x +
3. (HBK-1996) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
p q
y cos x.sin x 0 x
2

v i .
(p, q l cc s t nhin).
4. (H - C khi B nm 2006) Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 2 A x y x y y + + + + +
5. (H - C khi D - 2004). Tm GTLN- GTNN ca hm s
2
1
1
x
y
x
+

+
trn [ ]
1; 2
V d 3
1. Ty theo cc gi tr ca m tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s
4 4
y sin x cos x msin xcos x + +
2. (HQG khi D-1996) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca biu thc
2 2
2 2
x y
A
x xy y
+

+ +
v i x, y khng ng thi bng khng.
6
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
3. (CCN HN - 2005) Cho
0; , 0;
2 2
x y

| ` | `


. , . ,
v
3 tgx tgy
. Tm gi tr
ln nht ca ( ) tg x y
CC BI TP LUYN TP
Bi 1
1. (HKTr-1998) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
2
2cos x cos x 1
A
cos x 1
+ +

+
2. (H - C khi B - 2004) Tm GTLN,GTNN ca
2
4 A x x +
Bi 2
1. (HGTVT-1997) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
2
1
y sin x cos x
2
+
2. Tm
GTLN, GTNN ca
2m 2n
y cos x sin x + vi m, n
*
.
Bi 3 (HVQHQT-1996) Cho
x 0; y 0; x y 1. +
Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr
nh nht ca biu thc:
y
x 1
+
+
x
P=
y+1
.
Bi 4. (HVKTQS-1996) Vi b l tham s. Tm GTNN ca hm s
[ ]
4 2 2
y x 6bx b trn -1; 2
Bi 5
1. (BTS) Tm a GTNN ca hm s [ ]
2
y 4x 4 2a
2
ax+a trn -2; 0
l 2
2. (BTS) Tm GTNN ca
2
2
1
y lg x
lg x 2
+
+
Bi 6
1. (HVNH-1996) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
3
y 3sin x sin3x
2. (H Hu-1998) Tm GTNN ca
( )
2
2
2
a
y x 2x 1
x 1
+ + +
+
vi a 0
3. (H Quy Nhn-1997) Tm GTNN ca
2 2
y 4cos x 3 3sin x 7sin x + +
4. (HNN-1999) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca:
y x c x 0;
4

]
+
]
]
2
os v i x
5. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
2
2 sin2x
y
2 cos x
+

+
Bi 7
7
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
1. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
2
2
x 2x 2
y
x 2x 2
+

+ +
2. Cho
2 2
x y xy 1 + + . Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
2 2
A x xy y +
Bi 8
1. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s
2 2
cos x sin x
y 8 8 + t gii phng trnh
2 2
cos x sin x
8 8 10 cos 2 + + t
2. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca a, b hm s y
x 1

+ +
2
ax+b
x
c GTNN l 1 v
GTLN l 3.
Bi 9
1. (BTS) Cho
1 2
x , x
l nghim ca phng trnh

2 2
2
12
12x 6mx m 4 0
m
+ + . Tm m
3 3
1 2
x x + t GTLN, GTNN.
2. (BTS) Tm GTLN ca y x 2 4 x + t gii phng trnh
2
x 2 4 x x 6x 11 + +
Bi 10
1. (HSPHN2-1995) Tm GTLN, GTNN ca
1
y
sin x cos x

+
2. (HBK-1995) Cho ( )
4 2
f x x 2mx 4 m 0 + > v i
. Tm GTNN ca
f(x) vi 0 x m .
3. (HKTQD-1997) Tm GTLN ca
[ ]
3 2
y x 3x 72x 90 + + trn -5; 5
DNG TON 4. CHNG MINH BT NG THC
V d 1
1. Cho a + b = 2. Chng minh rng
4 4
a b 2 +
2. Chng minh rng
2 2
a a 1 a a 1 2; a + + + +
3. Chng minh rng [ ]
x 1;1
v mi s nguyn dng n > 1 ta c
( ) ( )
n n
n
1 x 1 x 2 + +
V d 2. Chng minh rng
1.
3x
1
2sin x tgx
2
2 2 2 x 0;
2
+

| `
+ >

. ,
2. (HXD-1996)
2
x
x
e 1 x x 0
2
> + + >
8
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
3. (BTS)
2 n
x
x x
e 1 x ...
2! n!
> + + + + vi mi n nguyn dng v x > 0
4. (HXD-1994)
2
x
cos x 1
2
> v i 0
V d 3
1. Vi 0 < b < a Chng minh rng
a b a a b
ln
a b b

< <
2. Chng minh rng nu
( ) b - a
0 a b
2 cosa 2cos b

< < < <
sin
th
V d 4
1. (HSPHN2-1998) Chng minh rng vi mi tam gic nhn ta u c
( ) ( )
2 1
sinA sinB sinC tgA tgB tgC
3 3
+ + + + + >
2. (HAN-1997) n l s nguyn dng l, n 3 . Chng minh rng
x 0 ta c
2 n 2 3 n
x x x x x
1 x ... 1 x ... 1
2! n! 2! 3! n!
| `| `
+ + + + + + <

. ,. ,
V d 5
1. (H - C khi A - 2003) Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tho mn iu
kin
1 x y z + +
. Chng minh rng
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
82 x y z
x y z
+ + + + +
2. (H-C khi A nm 2006)
CC BI TP LUYN TP
Bi 1
1. Chng minh rng
2
2
2x 2x 3
4; x
x x 1
+ +

+ +

2. (BTS) Chng minh rng


4 3 4
x px q 0; x 256q 27p + +
3. Chng minh rng
x
e 1 x; x 0 > + . T chng minh
2
1
1
1 x
0
4
e dx
4
+
+
>

Bi 2
1. Chng minh rng
sin x tgx x 1
2 2 2
+

| `
+

. ,
x 0;
2
2. Chng minh rng vi mi tam gic nhn ABC ta c
sinA sinB sinC tgA tgB tgC 2 + + + + + >
3. (H Quy Nhn-1997) Chng minh rng
2
a 4 4a 8
3 3 2; a
+
+ . T
9
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
gii bt phng trnh
2
x x
4 4 8
2
3 3 2cos x
| ` | `
+

. , . ,
+
4. (BTS) Gii h
x y 1 2y 1
4
4 3.4 2
x 3y 2 log 3
+
+
'
+

5. (BTS) Gii h
x y
2 2 1
x y 2
+
'
+

Bi 3
1. Chng minh rng
3
x
sin x x x 0
6
> > v i
2.
( )
2
x
ln 1 x x x 0
2
+ > > v i
3.
arctga arctgb a b ; a, b
4. ( )
2
1
arctgx ln x 1 ln2; x ;1
4 2

]
+
]
]
5.
3 3
x x
x arctgx x ; x (0;1]
3 6
< <
Bi 4
1. (BTS) Nu a, b, c l 3 s dng ty tha mn
2 2 2
a b c 1 + + .
Chng minh rng:
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c 3
3
b c c a a b 2
+ +
+ + +
2. (HNN1-1998) Chng minh rng
2
2
x x 4
2
0
2
e dx 2 e
e

3. (HSP Vinh-1998) Chng minh rng


3
1
x
1
1 2 dx 4

4. (BTS) Chng minh rng


3
6
3 s 1
dx
4 2

< <

inx
x
5. (HNN1-1999) Chng minh rng
a b a b
; a, b
1 a b 1 a b
+ +

+ + + +

Bi 5
1. (TH&TT s 10/2000) Chng minh rng
2003 2004
2001 2x
0
1
x e dx
2 2003 2004


> +

2. (TH&TT bi T9/311) Chng minh rng


x 0;
2

]

]
]
ta c
10
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
2
2
4 4
sin x x x


3. Chng minh rng vi mi tam gic ABC ta c
c c c
3 2 + + <
A B C
os os os
2 2 2
A B C
1+sin 1+sin 1+sin
2 2 2
DNG TON 5. TM THAM S ( ) ( ) ( )
f x m f x m ; x X
V d 1
1. (HKTr-1997) Tm m [ ]
2 2
x 2x 1 m 0; x 1; 2 +
2. (HGTVT - 1998) Tm m ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2x 3 x m 2x 5x 3 + > + +
V d 2
1. (HGTVT-1997) Tm a ( )
x x 2
a.4 a 1 2 a 1 0;
+
+ + >
2. (HBH-1996) Tm k ln nht tha mn
( )
k sin x cos x 1 sin 2x cos x sin x 2; x + + + + +
3. (HTCKT-1996) Tm m ( )
2 2 2
2x x 2x x 2x x
m.9 2m 1 6 m.4 0

+ +
tha mn vi mi x m
1
x
2

V d 3
1. (HKTr-1999) Tm m [ ]
x 2;5
tha mn
x x 3 m
2. Tm a
2a 15
5
sin x 3cos x a 5
log 0; x
5

| `
+ +
>

. ,

CC BI TP LUYN TP
Bi 1
1. (HVBCVT-1998) Tm m ( ) [ ]
2 2
x 2 m 1 x m 2m 0; x 0;1 + + +
2. (C Hi Quan-1996) Tm m
2
cos 2x 8sin xcos x 4m 3 0; x 0;
4

]
+
]
]
3 (HKTr-1995) Cho
( )
( )
2
2
2
cos x
1 sin x
x 3x 3
f x
1
m 1 2 2m
2

+
+

| `
+ +

. ,
Tm m ( ) f x 0; x <
11
Written by T Minh c. THPT Cm Kh - Cm Kh - Ph Th
4. (BTS) Tm m
2 2
2 2
mcos x m m
0; x
m 1 mcos x
+
>
+

5. (BTS) Tm a
x 0;
4

]

]
]
ta lun c
( ) ( )
5 5
sin x cos x a sin x cos x sin xcos x sin x cos x + + +
6. Tm a
3 3
sin x cos x a; x +
Bi 2
1. (HBK-1997) Tm m
3
3
1
x 3mx 2 ; x 1
x
+
2. (BTS) Tm a :
2
x ax+1>0; x 0 >
3. (BTS) Tm a bt phng trnh ( ) ( )
2
4 4 x 2 x x 2x a 18 + +
c tha mn vi [ ]
x 2; 4
4. (HNN-1997) Tm m hm s sau xc nh vi mi x
( )
4 4
f x sin x cos x 2msin xcos x +
5. Tm m bt phng trnh sau c tha mn vi mi x
( )
x x
m.25 4 m 1 5 m 1 0 + + >
6. (H M a Cht-1998) Tm m bt phng trnh
( )
x x
9 2 m 1 3 2m 3 0; x + >
Bi 3
1 (HAN-1996) Chng minh rng
cos x sin x
4 2 3; x +
2. (BTS) Cho
2
y x 1 x a +
. Tm a hm s khng nhn gi tr
dng ti mi x trong tp xc nh ca n.
Bi 4. Tm a
2a 13
5
sin x 3cos x a 4
log 0; x
5

| `

>

. ,

12

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