CHUI GI TR SN PHM THT LN CUNG CP CHO KHCH SN, NH HNG HU I. Du lch v sn phm tht ln cung cp cho du khch Hu 1.

1. Tm quan trng ca sn phm tht ln trong pht trin du lch Hu Du lch l ngnh kinh t mi nhn v l hng chin lc ca nhiu nc trn th gii. i vi nc ta, mt nc ang pht trin, du lch l mt ngnh kinh t tng hp quan trng, mang ni dung vn ha su sc, c tnh lin ngnh v x hi ha cao. Pht trin du lch gp phn pht trin kinh t - x hi v bo tn, pht trin ti nguyn du lch cho t nc. Tha Thin Hu l mt trong nhng trung tm vn ha - du lch ln ca c nc. Tim nng du lch Tha Thin Hu ht sc phong ph v a dng, l iu kin pht trin nhiu loi hnh du lch nh ngh mt, du lch bin - m ph, du lch sinh thi, du lch vn ho, du lch nghin cu... C Hu ang lu gi mt kho tng vn ha vt th v phi vt th s. UNESCO cng nhn qun th di tch c l di sn vn ha th gii u tin ca Vit Nam v nh nhc cung nh Hu l di sn vn ha phi vt th ca nhn loi. Hu c UNESCO ca ngi "l mt kit tc v th, v kin trc th, l mt thnh ph c quyn gi trong mnh nhng kho tng v gi, mt nh bo tng k l ca nn vn ho vt cht v tinh thn ca Vit Nam". Nhng nt c sc ca vn ha Hu th hin trn nhiu kha cnh khc nhau v lch s vn ha, v ngh thut m nhc, kin trc, iu khc, hi ha, v ngnh ngh truyn thng, v vn ha m thc... Tht vy, m thc Hu tr thnh vn ho c sc m nhiu du khch trong v ngoi nc bit n. Trong m thc, cc loi thc phm khc nhau c ch bin theo cc nn vn ho v c nt c sc ring khc nhau, trong tht ln l loi thc phm quan trng khng th thiu trong nhiu mn n ca con ngi ni chung v Hu ni ring. hiu r hot ng ca cc tc nhn trong chui gi tr sn phn tht ln cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu, nghin cu ny i su kho st v phn tch lm r iu . 2. Mc tiu nghin cu Nghin cu ny nhm p ng mt s mc tiu sau: - Nghin cu nh gi chui gi tr sn phm tht ln cung cp cho cc nh hng, khch sn Hu; - Phn tch hot ng ca cc tc nhn trong chui nhm xc nh cc gi tr sn phm do cc tc nhn to ra. Trn c s a ra cc xut gip cc tc nhn c nhng hot ng thit thc nhm gip chui hot ng thng sut v bn vng;

- Thng qua phn tch hot ng ca cc tc nhn trong chui, xut hot ng nhm tng kh nng tiu th sn phm tht ln cho h ngho. Trn c s gip cc h ngho nng cao thu nhp, pht trin cng ng cc a phng trong tnh. 3. Phm vi v i tng nghin cu Phm vi khng gian: Nghin cu c thc hin trn phm vi khng gian tnh Tha Thin Hu. Tuy nhin cc i tng khc nhau c nghin cu trn phm vi khng gian khc nhau. C th nghin cu tp trung: Khch sn, nh hng: phm vi thnh ph Hu Ngi bn l ch yu cc ch ca thnh ph Hu, cung cp tht ln cho cc khch sn, nh hng c nghin cu. L m ln v ch m ln cung cp tht ln cho khch sn, nh hng Hu: phm vi thnh ph Hu Ngi mua gom: Nhng ngi mua gom ln cung cp cho cc ch l m. Phn ln theo cc khu vc. Khu vc l m Bi Du, khu vc l m s 1 Nguyn Gia Thiu, b Bc Sng Hng v khu vc l m Nam Sng Hng ng Nguyn L Trch. Ngoi ra ngi mua gom cc a phng cung cp ln cho cc l m trn. Ngi dn nui ln cc vng: Hng S - thnh ph Hu, Hng Ton - huyn Hng Tr, Thu Dng - huyn Hng Thu, th trn Sa - huyn Qung in Phm vi thi gian: Thi gian nghin cu thng tin, s liu lin quan tp trung hai nm l nm 2006 v nm 2007 i tng nghin cu: i tng nghin cu chnh l cc h gia nh, ngi thu gom, ch l m, ngi bn l v cc khch sn, nh hng Hu. Nhng vn lin quan n sn xut, tiu th sn phm tht ln cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu. 4. Phng php nghin cu - Phng php thu thp thng tin, s liu: Thng tin, s liu c lin quan c thu thp thng qua iu tra phng vn trc tip tng i tng (khch sn, nh hng, ngi bn l, ch l m, ngi mua gom). i vi h chn nui ln c phng vn theo nhm, theo a phng. Mi nhm h khong 3 - 5 ngi. Cc i tng c phng vn theo mu c sn. Cc mu iu tra c th hin bng 1.

Bng 1. S mu iu tra cc loi i tng lin quan chui gi tr sn phm tht ln cung ng cho khch sn, nh hng Hu Ch tiu 1. Khch sn, nh hng 2. Ngi bn l 3. Ch l m 4. Ngi mua gom 5. H chn nui ln Tng s S kho S mu iu T l iu tra (%) 10,67 41,67 100,00 30,00 100,00 28,50 st* tra 150 16 12 5 5 5 10 3 30 30 207 59 Ngun: S liu kho st v iu tra

Ghi ch: * Tng s khch sn, nh hng l s liu kho st ban u. S liu kho st 12 ngi bn l do 16 nh hng, khch sn cung cp. Tng t, s liu kho st 5 ch l m do 5 ngi bn l cung cp; s liu kho st ca 10 ngi thu gom do 5 ch l m cung cp v s liu kho st 30 h chn nui do 3 ngi thu gom cung cp. Hin ti thnh ph Hu c tt c gn 150 nh hng, khch sn cc loi, bao gm khch sn 1 sao, di 1 sao n khch sn 5 sao v nh hng bnh dn n nh hng c sn, trong khch sn 1-3 sao v nh hng bnh dn l ch yu. Qua kho st ban u cho thy, mc d s khch sn, nh hng Hu ln n hn 150, nhng phn ln khch sn ch cho thu phng l ch yu m khng c dch v n ung. Cng tng t, phn ln cc nh hng Hu ch yu phc v cc loi c sn rng bin v cc loi nh hng bnh dn tiu th nhiu tht ln khng nhiu. nghin cu kh nng tiu th v mc cung ng tht ln cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu, chng ti tin hnh chn iu tra 16 khch sn, nh hng chnh (10% trong tng s), y l nhng khch sn, nh hng c mc tiu th tht ln bnh qun trong ngy ln, lng khch n ung nhiu v c th i din cho 150 khch sn, nh hng trn ton thnh ph Hu. Trong 16 khch sn, nh hng c la chn iu tra c 4 nh hng v 12 khch sn. Cc nh hng iu tra gm nh hng B o, nh hng Hu Xa, nh hng Tnh Gia Vin v nh hng Tn Hng Sen. y l cc nh hng c mc tiu th tht ln tng i ln v thng xuyn, bnh qun tiu th 3 n 20 kg tht ln/ngy v l nhng nh hng c nhiu khch trong v ngoi tnh. Trong 12 khch sn c iu tra c 3 khch sn thuc nhm khch sn 4 - 5 sao l khch sn Si Gn Morin, khch sn Hng Giang, khch sn La Residence (nhm khch sn ny bnh qun 1 ngy tiu th t 10 n 20 kg tht ln/ngy); 07 khch sn thuc nhm khch sn 2 - 3 sao gm khch sn Duy Tn, khch sn ASIA, khch sn Thnh Ni, khch sn Nguyn Hu, khch sn Festival, khch sn Cng on v khch sn Thun Ho, nhm khch sn ny tiu th tht ln t 2 n 20 kg/ngy. C bit c khch sn Duy Tn trong mt s ngy c nhiu tic ci hi c th mc tiu th ln n 200 - 300 kg tht ln; 02

khch sn thuc nhm khch sn 1 sao tr xung gm khch sn ng Li, khch sn Thi Bnh, mc tiu th tht ln bnh qun ngy ca nhm khch sn ny khng ln, bnh qun 2-5 kg/ngy. Cung cp tht ln hng ngy cho cc khch sn, nh hng trn c 12 ngi bn l 4 ch ln trong thnh ph, gm ch ng Ba (8 ngi bn l), ch Fafilm (2 ngi bn l), ch An Cu (1 ngi bn l) v ch Ty Lc (1 ngi bn l). Thc t qua kho st chng ti nhn thy: mt khch sn hoc nh hng thng ly tht ln t 2 ngi bn l khc nhau c th cng 1 ch hoc khng. Tuy nhin, khng c nh hng, khch sn no trc tip mua tht ln t nhng ngi bn bun hoc ch l m. Nguyn nhn dn n iu ny, th nht l do lng tiu th tht ln ca khch sn, nh hng Hu trong ngy bnh thng khng ln, ngoi tr nhng ngy khch sn Duy Tn c nhiu tic ci (3-4 tic ci), lng tht ln cc loi c th ln n 300 kg/ngy. Tuy nhin, nhng ngy ny thng khch sn c k hoch trc v t trc vi ba tun. Th hai, Hu hu nh khng c ngi bun tht ln ln, mua trc tip t cc l m phn phi li cho h thng ngi bn l, m hu ht nhng ngi bn l u n trc tip l m mua tht ln. Trong thc t c mt t ngi mua mt con ln mc hm1 v bn khng ht v chia li cho mt s ngi bn l khc v y cha phi l ngi bn bun tht ln ln. Th ba, thng thng khch sn, nh hng mua tht ln theo tng loi ring bit, ch yu l xng ci, nc mng hoc cotlech, mt t sn v ba ch. Vi cc loi ny khong 10 20 kg/ ngy (k c 200 - 300 kg) th cng khng c ch m ln no c th cung cp c. Nn khch sn, nh hng u mua tht ln trc tip qua ngi bn l. Trong 12 ngi bn l trc tip cung cp tht ln cho 16 khch sn, nh hng nu trn, th 2 ngi bn l hin cung cp cho nh hng khch sn nhiu nht l b Ho v ch L (u bn l ch ng Ba), bnh qun mi ngi cung cp 30 - 50 kg tht ln cho 3 - 5 nh hng, khch sn. Ngoi ra cn c mt s ngi bn l khc, nhng mc cung ng tht ln hng ngy cho cc khch sn, nh hng khng ln, bnh qun 5 - 10 kg. nh gi chnh xc mc cung ng cng nh hot ng ca nhng ngi bn l tht ln cho cc khch sn, nh hng trn, trong 12 ngi bn l chng ti chn iu tra 5 ngi i din. C th, ch ng Ba chn 3 ngi trong 8 ngi bn l cung ng tht ln cho cc khch sn, nh hng iu tra, gm b Ho (bnh qun cung ng 40-50 kg/ngy), ch L (bnh qun cung ng 25 - 30 kg/ngy) v ch L (bnh qun cung ng 10 kg/ngy). S ngi bn l cn li ch ng Ba c mc cung ng thp v t thng xuyn. ch Fafilm c 2 ngi bn
1

Ln tht nguyn con c cc ch l m m ra, nhng cha phn chia thnh cc loi tht: mng, i, ba ch, nc, cotlech, chn gi, xng ci...

l cung ng cho nh hng khch sn chng ti chn ch Nh, vi mc cung ng bnh qun 5 10 kg/ngy cho khch sn, nh hng. Ch l ngi bn l tht ln lu nm v c s lng ln ch Fafilm. Thi im trc khi ln b dch bnh tai xanh ch bn l 50 - 100 kg tht ln mi ngy ch ny. Ch cng l ngi cung ng thng xuyn, m bo uy tn v cht lng cho khch sn, nh hng. 2 ngi bn l cn li 2 ch An Cu (1 ngi) v ch Ty Lc (1 ngi) chng ti chn iu tra ch B bn l tht ln ch Ty Lc. Bi l, ch B ch Ty Lc cung ng tht ln cho nh hng Tn Hng Sen, mt nh hng ln b Bc Sng Hng v lng cung ng bnh qun ngy khong 5 kg, trong khi ch Xu ch An Cu mc cung ng bnh qun ngy cho khch sn, nh hng l 2 kg. Nh vy, vi s mu iu tra 5 ngi bn l trong tng s 12 ngi cung ng tht ln cho 16 khch sn, nh hng iu tra l hp l v c th i din cho nhng ngi bn l tht ln khc cung ng cho nh hng, khch sn. Qua iu tra, chng ti nhn thy, 5 ngi bn l tht ln cung ng cho khch sn, nh hng c iu tra u trc tip mua tht ln mc hm t 5 ch l m. Trong l m Bi Du c 3 ch, l m Nam Sng Hng, ng Nguyn L Trch c 1 ch v l m Bc Sng Hng c 1 ch. Trn c s 5 ch m ny chng ti chn iu tra c 5 ch, bi qua tm hiu chng ti nhn thy 5 ch m ny nhp ln t cc vng v a phng khc nhau. L m Bi Du c 3 ch (ng Linh, ng c v ng ), l m Nam Sng Hng c 1 ch (ng Trung) v l m Bc Sng Hng c 1 ch (ng Huy). Cung cp cho 5 ch m ln nu trn cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu t nhiu mi khc nhau. Tha Thin Hu, cc c s chn nui ln ln nh ng Long (Trng i hc Nng Lm), ng Thnh (Cng ty cung ng ging cy trng, vt nui ca tnh), ng Hng v mt t cc a phng trong tnh. Ngoi ra mt lng ln ln tht c nhp t Bnh nh, Qung Bnh, Ngh An cung cp cho nh hng, khch sn Hu. Trong khun kh ca nghin cu ny, vi mc ch nghin cu chui gi tr sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu, chng ti ch tp trung iu tra cc h chn nui Hu cung ng ln tht cho khch sn, nh hng m khng nghin cu, phn tch cc u mi nhp ln t c s khc ngoi tnh Tha Thin Hu, mc d h cng cung cp ln cho khch sn, nh hng Hu. Nh vy, sau khi iu tra cc ch l m, chng ti tin hnh iu tra cc c s chn nui ln cung ng ln tht cho cc ch m trong chui ny, l ng Long, ng Thnh v ng Hng. Bn cnh , qua cung cp ca cc ch m, ngoi lng ln c nhp t ngoi tnh, lng tht ln cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu cn do mt s ngi mua gom cc a phng c h chn nui ln siu nc t cc d n ln lai ging gia ging i Bch v ging ngoi nhp ca Anh nh Thu Vn, Thu Dng - Hng Thu v Hng S - thnh

ph Hu... V vy trong s nhng ngi mua gom ln cung cp cho cc ch m trn, chng ti trc tip iu tra 3 ngi mua gom ca 3 a phng trn. T vic iu tra ngi mua gom cc a phng trn, chng ti tin hnh xc nh nhng h bn ln cho nhng ngi thu gom ny theo nhm 2-3 ngi cc a phng trn. Qua iu tra, kho st thc t chng ti nhn thy nhng h v c s cung cp ln cho cc ch m cung cp tht ln cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu l nhng h giu c, chn nui ln vi quy m ln, nm bt v ng dng tt khoa hc k thut tin tin vo chn nui. gii quyt vn ti sao h ngho khng cung ng c ln cho khch sn, nh hng v lm cch no h c th tham gia vo chui cung sn phm ny, chng ti m rng iu tra 12 h ngho chn nui ln, bn cho nhng ngi thu gom v ch cc l m trn nhm so snh hai loi h chn nui khc nhau nh th no c bin php c th gii quyt vn nu trn. - Phng php phn tch: Trn c s cc thng tin, s liu thu thp c, thng qua vic xy dng chui gi tr sn phn tht ln cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng, nghin cu phn tch, nh gi tng tc nhn trong chui, nhng thun li, kh khn ca cc tc nhn. Trn c s a ra cc nhn nh, bin php nhm tng hot ng ca tng tc nhn, gip chui hot ng bn vng. II. Chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho cc nh hng, khch sn Hu 2.1. Chui cung sn phm tht ln v cc tc nhn trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho nh hng, khch sn Hu Hu l trung tm du lch - dch v ca min Trung v c nc. Cung cp thc phm, c bit l tht ln cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu phc v du khch trong v ngoi Hu l iu quan trng. hiu c hot ng ca th trng ny, mt m t chi tit v hnh vi kinh doanh ca cc tc nhn chnh trong chui gi tr sn phm tht ln s c trnh by di y. Chui gi tr sn phm tht ln Hu, gm cc tc nhn: ngi dn hoc c s chn nui ln, ngi mua gom, ch l m, ngi bn l tht ln v ngi tiu dng. Khi nim cc tc nhn: - C s cung cp cc dch v u vo: l nhng c s cung cp cho ngi chn nui ln nhng yu t u vo nh ln ging, thc n cng nghip ( qua ch bin mang tnh cng nghip), thc n cha ch bin (rau, thc n ti, cm, go, bt ng, khoai, sn...), th y (dch v th y, thuc phng, tr bnh dch...). i vi cc c s, h chn nui ln siu nc cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu th cc c s cung cp u vo: ging, thc n cng nghip, th y v lao ng l rt quan trng, yu cu v mc cung cp cao, nghim nght.

Ring h gia nh chn nui ln ging a phng hoc ging c hm lng nc thp cung cp cho th trng tiu dng a phng th c s cung cp u vo ch yu l ging v th y. Tuy nhin yu cu v mc cung cp khng mang tnh chuyn nghip cao. S 1. Chui cung sn phm tht ln Hu Ngi tiu dng (gia nh, siu th, nh hng, khch sn...)

Ngi bn l tht ln ti ch ng Ba, ch An Cu, ch Fafilm v ch Ty Lc

Ch git m ln l m Bi Du, Nam Sng Hng, Bc Sng Hng

Ngi mua gom ln a phng

100%

Ch bun ln Bnh nh, Qung Bnh, Ngh An

H, c s chn nui ln TT Hu

Ngi chn nui v c s chn nui ln ngoi tnh TT Hu

C s cung cp dch v u vo (ging, thc n, th y) - H chn nui hoc c s chn nui ln: l nhng gia nh hoc c s chn nui ln cung cp cho th trng. H gia nh hoc c s chn nui ln nhn cc u vo t cc c s cung cp dch v u vo nh ging, thc n cng nghip, th y... phi hp vi cc ngun lc sn c ca h nh lao ng gia nh, thc n t sn xut, t ch bin, chung tri chn nui... t chc chn nui ln tht cung cp cho th trng.

i vi cc c s chn nui ln quy m ln, gn nh tt c cc u vo nh ging, thc n cng nghip, thc n ti, th y... k c lao ng u phi mua ngoi. H t ra cc yu cu kht khe, cht ch v cht lng i vi cc yu t u vo c cung cp. y l cc c s chn nui c tnh chuyn mn ho cao v nh vy h c th sn xut cc loi ln tht m bo p ng yu cu ca cc khch sn, nh hng v du khch. - Ngi mua gom: l nhng ngi trung gian u mi, t chc thu mua ln tht ca cc h gia nh hoc cc c s chn nui, sau gom v mt a im bn li cho ch m ln. C nhiu hnh thc mua gom ln khc nhau: + Ngi chuyn mua gom cc a phng trong tnh (u mi): vi hnh thc ny, ngi chuyn mua gom n tn h gia nh hoc c s chn nui ln, xem ln, tho thun nhau v hnh thc, cch thc mua bn, gi c... sau tr tin v thu ngi lao ng vn chuyn ln v mt a im c th. Sau khi gom s ln cn thit, ngi mua gom thu xe vn chuyn ln v nhp cho ch l m hoc lin lc ch l m n tn a im gom ln mua. Hnh thc ny thng p dng i vi ch mua gom l nhng ngi c vn ln, mun bn ln cho ch l m thnh ph nhng a im xa l m thnh ph nh Phong in, Ph Lc... + Ngi mua gom l: l nhng ngi s dng cng lao ng ca chnh bn thn h trc tip n tn h chn nui hoc c s chn nui ln t chc thu mua ln v vn chuyn v nhp cho ch l m. Hnh thc ny thng p dng cho nhng ch mua gom c vn nh, s dng cng lao ng ca chnh bn thn h lm dch v trung gian mua gom ln. + Ngi mua gom cng l ch m ln: l nhng ngi s dng cng lao ng ca bn thn trc tip mua thu gom ln ca cc h chn nui, sau vn chuyn v l m v trc tip m ln. Hnh thc ny thng p dng i vi nhng ch m ln c quy m nh l. + Cc u mi ngoi tnh: l nhng ngi hoc c s ng ra t chc lm u mi thu mua ln cc a phng ngoi tnh v nhp v cho cc ch l m. Hnh thc ny p dng i vi nhng ch kinh doanh ln, tr thnh cc u mi ln mang tnh lin tnh, lin vng. Hot ng ca cc u mi ny kh rng mang tnh chuyn nghip cao nh cc u mi bun ln Bnh nh, Qung Bnh, Ngh An t chc thu mua v nhp ln tht cho cc ch l m thnh ph Hu. - Ch l m ln: l nhng ngi ng ra thu mua ln tht ca cc u mi trung gian, ca nhng ngi thu gom v ca cc c s chn nui, t chc m ln cung cp cho nhng ngi bn bun, bn l tht ln bn ra th trng. Tu thuc vo quy m kinh doanh, c th c cc loi ch m ln sau: + Ch c s git m ln quy m ln: l nhng ch c s nhp ln vi s lng ln t cc u mi trung gian hoc thu gom v t chc m vi quy m ln. y l hnh thc p dng

cho nhng ch kinh doanh c vn ln, thu lao ng v t chc m ln vi s lng ln cung cp cho nhiu u mi bn bun, bn l khc nhau. Thng nhng ch ny c cc mi bn l n nh, c bit cc mi bn l cung cp cho cc nh hng, khch sn hoc siu th, do nhng i tng tiu th ny c yu cu cao hn v phm cht tht ln. + Ch va mua gom, va git m: l nhng ngi va s dng cng lao ng bn thn trc tip mua gom v vn chuyn v l, sau trc tip git m. Hnh thc ny thng p dng i vi nhng ch c vn kinh doanh nh, quy m ln m khng nhiu v khng thu thm lao ng. Tht ln ca nhng ngi ch ny sau khi git m thng c nhng ngi bn l trn th trng t do tiu th, bn l li cho tiu dng c nhn. Do khng c u mi cung cp ln n nh nn sn phm tht ln git m cng t n nh. Do vy, h cng kh p ng c yu cu cht lng sn phm cho cc i tng nh nh hng, khch sn hoc siu th. - Ngi bn l tht ln: l nhng ngi mua tht ln git m ti cc l m (ln mc hm2) hoc chia li t ngi bn l khc v phn tht x thnh cc loi khc nhau v trc tip bn cho ngi tiu dng hoc cung ng cho cc nh hng, khch sn hoc siu th... Hin ti Hu khng c mt c s bn bun tht ln ln m ch c ngi bn l. Ngi bn bun tht ln l ngi lm u mi mua ln x (ln mc hm) t cc l m, sau phn phi li cho ngi bn l. Trong mt s trng hp, ngi bn l trc tip n l m mua ln mc hm v chia li cho ngi bn l khc (khng trc tip n l m) bn. Nh vy, nhng ngi ny cng ch l ngi bn l ch khng phi bn bun. L do khng xut hin c s bn bun tht ln l do mc tiu th tht ln Hu khng ln, lng bn l ca nhng ngi bn l hng ngy khng cao v cc l m ln tng i gn cc ch, gn a im bn l nn ngi bn l trc tip mua ln x l m m khng cn thng qua h thng phn phi bn bun khi mt chi ph trung gian. Ch c nhng ngi bn l c uy tn, c kinh nghim v mua tht ln t nhng mi ch git m m bo tht cht lng mi cung ng cho cc nh hng v khch sn Hu. - Ngi tiu dng (c nhn, gia nh, siu th, khch sn, nh hng...): l nhng ngi hoc c s tiu th tht ln cc loi ca ngi bn l hoc ca ch git m. i vi ngi tiu dng l cc siu th, nh hng, khch sn th yu cu kh cao v cht lng tht ln t cc ch git m hoc ngi bn l. Do y l nhng c s tiu th tht ln nhng cha phi l ngi tiu dng cui cng. Ngi tiu dng cui cng ca h l nhng khch hng hoc du khch trong v ngoi nc. Chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho nh hng, khch sn Hu
2

L ln tht nguyn con c cc ch git m git m nhng cha phn loi thnh cc loi tht khc nhau nh tht nc mng, tht sn, m trng, xng ci...

S 2. Chui cung chnh sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu Khch sn, nh hng Hu

Ngi bn l tht ln ti ch ng Ba, ch An Cu, ch Fafilm v ch Ty Lc

Ch git m ln l m Bi Du, Nam Sng Hng, Bc Sng Hng

C s chn nui ln siu nc Hu

Ch bun ln Bnh nh, Qung Bnh, Ngh An C s chn nui ln ngoi tnh TT Hu

C s cung cp dch v u vo (ging siu nc, thc n, th y)

C s cung cp dch v u vo (ging siu nc, thc n, th y) Chui cung chnh sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu bao gm cc tc nhn: c s cung cp dch v u vo (ging siu nc, thc n, th y v lao ng), c s chn nui ln siu nc, ch bun ln ngoi tnh, ch git m, ngi bn l v khch sn, nh hng Hu. Nh vy, so vi chui cung sn phm tht ln chung cung cp cho th trng th chui cung chn sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu c s khc bit ln v s lng cc tc nhn. i vi knh ln tht ni tnh cung cp cho cc ch git m khng c tc nhn ngi mua gom, m ch git m trc tip quan h vi c s chn nui ln siu nc mua ln. Trong chui ny, ch git m ln l tc nhn quan trng, m bo tht ln tiu chun cung cp cho ngi bn l cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng v c quan h su sc vi cc c s chn nui ln. Nh vy, so vi chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho th

10

trng chung, th chui cung ny c tnh bn vng hn do mang tnh hp tc hn v trch nhim ca tng tc nhn cng cao hn. Qua chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho nh hng, khch sn Hu chng ta thy: - i vi c s chn nui: ch c nhng c s chn nui c u t ln (chung tri, my mc thit b hin i, c chuyn gia hoc cn b c kin thc thc hin cc quy trnh chn nui theo ng k thut, hiu bit v th trng) vi quy m chn nui nhiu (hn 100 con) mi iu kin tham gia vo chui cung sn phm - i vi ngi git m: ch c nhng ngi git m c quy m git m ln (hn 50-70 con/ngy), vn ln v c uy tn trong ngh mi c iu kin tham gia thu mua ln ca cc c s chn nui (do cc c s chn nui ln bn 1 ln vi s lng ln, vi chc con/ln) git m cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng - i vi ngi bn l: cng ch c nhng ngi bn l lu nm, nhiu kinh nghim v c uy tn ln trn th trng mi c th c khch sn, nh hng la chn cung cp tht. Nh vy, nu xt cc kha cnh ca cc tc nhn l c s chn nui, ngi git m v ngi bn l th h ngho cha thy xut hin y. Tuy nhin, nu xt theo cc khu, cc cng on c th th chui ny, nhiu lao ng ngho tham gia vo nhiu khu cng vic khc nhau. C th: - Khi ch git m mua ln cc c s chn nui ln, tu thuc vo s lng ln mua, ch git m thng thu 1 - 3 ngi bt ln a ln xe t. - Khi xe t a ln v l m, ch git m thu nhng ngi ny hoc lao ng ngho khc bc d ln xung xe v th vo chung ln. - Khi m ln, ch git m cng thu lao ng m ln, mc d l nhng ngi m ln chuyn nghip nhng y ch yu l nhng ngi ngho. - Sau khi ngi bn l mua tht ca ngi git m, ngi bn l thng thu lao ng ngho vn chuyn tht x v quy phn loi tht bn. - Ch git m cn thu ngi ngho a tht n cc mi bn l khc, hoc vn chuyn u, ni tng bn cho cc qun cho lng, bn hoc cc c s ch bin thc phm khc. - Trong khu vn chuyn tht ln t ch v khch sn, nh hng cng do nhng ngi ngho m nhn, thng ngi bn l thu. - i vi chui cung c tc nhn ngi mua gom, thng cng vic vn chuyn ln t nh h chn nui n a im gom ln l do ngi ngho tham gia, k c cng vic bc ln ln xe vn chuyn v l m.

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Nh vy, mt con ln t khi h hoc c s chn nui bn n i tng l khch sn, nh hng t nht c 6 - 7 lt lao ng ngho tham gia. iu cho thy, mt lc lng lao ng ln c huy ng tham gia vo chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho th trng hoc cho nh hng, khch sn. 2.2. Mi quan h gia cc tc nhn trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu nghin cu c th chui cung sn phm tht ln trn a bn tnh Tha Thin Hu, chng ti ch tp trung vo knh nui ln Tha Thin Hu cung ng cho khch sn, nh hng Hu m khng i su nghin cu cc tc nhn ngoi tnh. Nh vy s 3. phn nh mi quan h gia cc tc nhn trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung ng cho khch sn, nh hng Hu. Qua s 3 ta thy c 4 mi quan h gia cc tc nhn trong chui: (1) Quan h gia c s cung cp dch v u vo vi ch c s chn nui; (2) Quan h gia ch c s chn nui vi ch git m; (3) Quan h gia ch git m vi ngi bn l; (4) Quan h gia ngi bn l vi khch sn, nh hng. Vi 4 mi quan h trn ta thy, mi quan h s (2) v mi quan h s (4) l cht ch, bn vng. Cn mi quan h s (1) v mi quan h s (3) t cht ch v tm thi, tnh n nh thp. Khch sn, nh hng Hu Nguyn nhn chnh dn n nhng mi quan h cht ch hay t cht ch l do quan h

cung - cu v hng ho, dch v ca cc tc nhn vi nhau. Tc nhn vi vai tr cu v hng (4) ho, dch v s quyt nh mi quan h .bn l tht ln ti Ngi ch ny Ba, ch ch - mi quan h th (1), quan hngl t cht An v khng bn vng bi v hu ht Cu, ch Fafilm v ch cc c s chn nui ln siu nc cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng u l nhng c s chn Ty Lc nui c tnh chuyn mn cao v c th t cung cp cc u vo quan trng nh ging v th y. (3) Thc t cho thy, cc c s chn nui ln siu l m Bi Du, ln cho khch sn, nh hng Ch git m ln nc cung ng tht nh Tri ging ca Cng tyNam Sng Hng, Bc Sng Hng Hu, ng Long, Hng Lut, c phn ging, vt nui Tha Thin y l nhng c s i u p dng khoa hc k thut tin tin trong lai to ging v k thut (2) chn nui hin i. Vi nhng u vo quan trng ny, cc c s chn nui t cung cp v khng phi da vo c s bn ngoi nn mi quan h ny t cht ch v t bn vng. C s chn nui ln S 3. Mi quan h gia cc tc nc trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung siu nhn Hu cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu (1) C s cung cp dch v u vo (ging siu nc, thc n, th y) 12

Ghi ch:

Mi quan h cht v bn vng lu di Mi quan h t cht v t bn vng

- mi quan h th (2), y l mi quan h gia c s chn nui ln siu nc v ch git m ln. y l mi quan h lm n lu di, bi cung - cu v hng ho y l kh quan trng. Hng ho trao i mua bn trong quan h ny l ln siu nc, mt loi hng ho i hi cht lng cao v yu cu nghim ngt. Ch c nhng c s chn nui ln siu nc c quy trnh chn nui cht ch, ng k thut mi p ng c, trn th trng ln tht t do trong dn c khng p ng c yu cu . V vy, cc ch git m ln mun c ln siu nc, p ng yu cu cho khch sn nh hng th phi quan h lu di v gi uy tn vi cc c s chn nui ln ny. Ngc li, v phn mnh, cc c s chn nui ln siu nc cng phi quan h lu di vi cc ch git m v ch c cc ch git m c iu kin, uy tn mi tiu th loi sn phm tht ln ny, do sn phm ny c gi cao hn so tht ln ging bnh thng tiu th trn th trng t do. Thc t, khi ch git m c hp ng ln siu nc t ngi bn l th h s trc tip lin h cc c s chn nui ln siu nc v thng thng cc c s chn nui ny s cung cp ngay bt k thi gian no. Ngc li i vi c s chn nui ln m bo uy tn, cht lng khi cn bn mt s lng ln ln, lin lc vi ngi git m, ngi git m s mua gi mi.

13

Vi quan h , c 2 tc nhn ny lun to uy tn nhau trong lm n v nh vy, quan h ny s lu di. - mi quan h th (3), quan h gia ch git m ln v ngi bn l. y l mi quan h tng i cht ch nhng tnh bn vng khng cao. Thng thng th mi quan h ny kh cht ch, do hng ho trong quan h ny l loi hng ho c yu cu cao v cht lng v iu kin cung cp nn thng ngi bn l c nhu cu th phi hp ng trc cho ngi git m. Tuy nhin, do s lng tht ln siu nc m ngi bn l yu cu Hu thng khng ln, do mc tiu th sn phm ny ca cc khch sn, nh hng khng cao, nn cc ch git m, kh p ng c yu cu trong nhiu trng hp. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, buc ngi bn l phi n vi ch git m khc. V th quan h tr nn km bn vng. - mi quan h th (4), quan h gia ngi bn l v khch sn, nh hng. y l mi quan h kh cht ch v bn vng. Bi nh hng, khch sn l nhng ngi tiu th sn phm tht ln nhng cha phi l ngi tiu dng cui cng, m ngi tiu dng cui cng l khch hng hoc du khch. V vy, nh hng, khch sn a ra yu cu nghim ngt v cht lng tht ln, v thi gian cung ng cng nh cc iu kin khc. Thc t, t c nhng vn ny, cc khch sn, nh hng Hu phi trc tip ra ch nghin cu, la chn ngi cung cp. Mc d ngi bn l th nhiu, nhng p ng c yu cu ca khch sn, nh hng v c trch nhim v hng ho cung cp th rt t. Nn khi tm c mi, khch sn, nh hng lun gi mi ny cung cp tht theo yu cu ca khch sn, nh hng. Ngc li, ch c nhng ngi bn l c uy tn, cht lng v c nhiu kinh nghim trong bun bn tht ln mi c th p ng c yu cu . Mc khc, y l mi quan h thng xuyn hng ngy, gi c v tin bc sng phng v th ngi bn l lun lun gi mi ny lm n n nh, tc lun lun c mt khong thu nhp nht nh t nh hng, khch sn nu lm n uy tn. V vy, c li 2 tc nhn ny cng phi quan h lu di, n nh.. Tuy nhin, thng khch sn, nh hng, c bit l cc khch sn ln 2-3 sao tr ln thnggi quan h lu di vi t nht l 2 ngi bn l, bng 2 th hin r iu . L do cc khch sn, nh hng mua 2 ngi khc nhau l nhm m bo cnh tranh v cht lng, gi c, iu kin cung cp v gim thiu ri ro. Nh mua tht t 2 ngi khc nhau m khch sn, nh hng c th so snh, nm bt c th trng tht, cht lng tht v lun c s lng tht yu cu, do mua 2 ngi nn khi ngi ny khng cung cp c th ngi khc cung cp thay. Bng 2. Quan h ca khch sn, nh hng v ngi bn l cung cp tht ln
STT

Ch tiu

Tng s

Nh hng Tng s BQ/NH

Khch sn 1 sao Tng s BQ/KS

Khch sn 2 -3 sao Tng s BQ/KS

Khch sn 4 - 5 sao Tng s BQ/KS

14

3 4 5

S mu iu tra S ngi cung cp 1 ngi 2 ngi Thi gian quan h 5 nm < 5 nm Thi gian mua tht Hng ngy Thi im cung cp Sng Yu cu khi lng tht BQ hng ngy (kg) Ngy Cao nht (kg) Yu cu ca KS, NH Hm lng tht nc Mu tht ti Du kim sot git m Cn s lng Gi c hp l C th p ng t xut C th n tr sau Quyt nh gi c v hnh thc mua bn Th trng v 2 bn thng lng gi c Bn tin mt tr ngay Bn tin mt thanh ton 1 thng 2 ln hoc cui thng Mi lin kt gia KS, NH v ngi bn Da vo mua bn Ngi bn gii thiu C ngi gii thiu

16 11 5 7 9 16 16 116,5 542 10 15 14 10 4 5 3

4 4 0 0 4 4 4 19-25 54 4,8 6,3

2 2 0 1 1 2 2 5-8 18 1 2 2 1 2,5-4,0 9,0

7 5 2 4 3 7 7 51-60 420 6 7 7 5 1 1 3 7,3-8,5 60,0

3 0 3 2 1 3 3 30-35 50 3 2 3 2 1 2 10,0-11,7 16,7

4 2 2 2 2

16 7 9

4 3 1

2 2

7 2 5

3 0 3

13 1 2

3 1

1 2

Ngun: S liu iu tra nm 2007 Bng 2 cho thy, cc khch sn u c quan h lu di vi nhng ngi bn l. C th nhm khch sn 4-5 sao, c 2 khch sn c quan h > 5 nm (khch sn Hng Giang v khch sn Sai Gon Morin) v 1 khch sn c quan h < 5 nm (khch sn La Residence, mi thit lp li v a vo s dng nm 2005). i vi nhm khch sn 2 -3 sao, 3 khch sn c quan h di 5 nm l khch sn ASIA, Festival v khch sn cng on, cn 4 khch sn khc u c quan h lu di vi ngi bn l. i vi nh hng, thng quan h t lu di vi ngi bn l hn so vi cc khch sn, l do ch yu c a ra y l: c s i ch ca nh hng nn chn ngi bn khc (nh hng Tn Hng Sen), cn cc nh hng khc ch yu la chn ngi bn l t t uy tn sang uy tn hn (nh hng Tnh Gia Vin, nh hng Hu Xa). Cc nh hng, khch sn yu cu cung cp tht hng ngy, l v tt c cc khch sn, nh hng Hu khng cch xa ch nn d mua; mua hng ngy nh vy tht s ti v ngon

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hn. Thi im mua tht l vo bui sng thng t 6 gi n 8 gi. L do cc khch sn nh hng yu cu nh th l v cc l m u m ln vo sng sm (t 2 gi sng n 4 gi 30 sng hng ngy) nn bui sng tht ti, c nhiu c hi chn c tt, m bo cht lng theo yu cu v chn mua bui sng ch ng chun b ba tra v chiu cho khch. Bnh qun 1 ngy, 16 khch sn, nh hng Hu c iu tra tiu th khong 116,5 kg tht ln cc loi. Nhng ngy tiu th nhiu c th ln n 542 kg, c bit l cc ngy nhiu tic ci hi, t chc lin hoan ca cc c quan, c s sn xut kinh doanh Vi cc khch sn ln 4 -5 sao, bnh qun 1 khch sn 1 ngy tiu th 10 - 12 kg, trong khch sn Sai Gon Morin bnh qun 1 ngy tiu th 20 kg tht ln cc loi. i vi khch sn 2 -3 sao, bnh qun 1 ngy tiu th 7-8,5 kg, trong khch sn Duy Tn bnh qun 1 ngy tiu th 20 kg, c nhng ngy nhiu tic ci hi, lin hoan mc tiu th ln n 300 kg/ngy. i vi nh hng, mc tiu th hng ngy cng khng cao, bnh qun khong 5 kg/ngy. i vi yu cu ca khch sn, nh hng v cht lng tht ta thy, yu cu ca khch sn nh hng cao nht l ti ca tht, du kim sot ca c quan th y chng nhn kim dch, hm lng tht nc cao v ngi bn phi cn ng, s lng tht yu cu. i vi gi c, tt c cc khch sn v nh hng u chn gi c mua bn da vo gi th trng v thng qua tho thun ca 2 bn v u tr bng tin mt. Ring hnh thc thanh ton, cc nh hng v khch sn 1 sao tr xung chn hnh thc tr tin mt ngay sau khi mua hng, l do l v nhng nh hng, khch sn ny c khi lng tiu th hng ngy khng ln v khng yu cu ho n phc tp. Nhng cc khch sn ln 2 - 3 sao tr ln li chn hnh thc thanh ton tr sau, thng 1 thng tr 2 ln hoc cui thng tr 1 ln. y l nhng khch sn tiu th lng tht ln v h thng ho n chng t hon chnh, y . Trong 16 khch sn, nh hng iu tra, phn ln mi quan h gia khch sn, nh hng v ngi bn l do quan h mua bn to lp nn l ch yu. Tc khch sn, nh hng ra tn ch kho st, a ra yu cu v la chn ngi bn l cung cp v quan h m bo uy tn, lm n lu di vi nhau. 2.3. Gi tr gia tng trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho nh hng, khch sn Hu Trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho th trng ni chung v cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu, t c s cung cp cc hng ho, dch v u vo n ngi bn l v ngi tiu dng hoc khch sn, nh hng, mi tc nhn u l gia tng mt lng gi tr nht nh. Bng 3 phn nh gi tr gia tng do cc tc nhn trong chui to ra. Bng 3. Gi tr gia tng ca cc tc nhn trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho th trng t do Hu

16

(Tnh cho 1 con ln)

S TT 1 2 3 H chn nui Ngi mua gom Ngi git m - Tht x - Khc Ngi bn l - Tht x - Khc Tng cng Tc nhn Tng chi ph (1000) 806,00 830,00 898,00 991,75 94,40 Chi ph Chi ph gia tng (1000) 806,00 23,33 40,00 26,5 895,83 % tng chi ph gia tng 89,97 2,60 4,47 2,96 100,00 Doanh thu (1000) 825 861,67 1059,65 965,25 94,40 1134,00 Thu nhp Thu nhp (1000) 19,00 31,67 161,65 142,25 354,57 % tng thu nhp 5,36 8,93 45,59 40,12 100,00 Doanh thu bin Doanh thu % gi bin (1000) 36,67 197,98 74,35 bn l

Ngun: S liu iu tra nm 2007 Bng 4. Gi tr gia tng ca cc tc nhn trong chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu (Tnh cho 1 con ln)
S TT 1 2 H chn nui Ngi git m - Tht x - Khc Ngi bn l - Tht x - Khc Tng cng Tc nhn Tng chi ph (1000) 1946,44 2020,00 1979,50 109 Chi ph Chi ph gia tng (1000) 1946,44 40,00 26,50 2012,94 % tng chi ph gia tng 96,70 2,00 1,30 100,00 Doanh thu (1000) 1980 2062 1953 109 2141 Thu nhp Thu nhp (1000) 74,81 42,00 161,5 278,31 % tng thu nhp 26,88 15,09 58,03 100,00 Doanh thu bin Doanh thu % bin (1000) 82 79 -

Ngun: S liu iu tra nm 2007 Ghi ch: * Chi ph gia tng/con khng tnh lao ng gia nh b ra Chi ph v doanh thu tng tc nhn c tnh c th phn ph lc Bng 3 v bng 4 cho thy, gi tr gia tng ca cc tc nhn to ra trong chui sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu bnh qun/con c s chnh lch ln, c bit l chui cung ca h chn nui ngho cung cp cho th trng t do. Bng 3 cho thy, trong chui cung h ngho chn nui ln, mc d h chn nui ln b ra n 89,97% trong tng chi ph gia tng ca 1 con ln t con ging n tht ln cung cp cho ngi tiu dng nhng t l thu nhp ca ngi chn nui trong tng thu nhp ca 1 con ln ch chim 5,36%. Trong khi ngi bn l v ngi git m ch b ra 2,96% v 4,47% chi ph gia tng tng ng nhng thu nhp ca h tng ng 40,12% v 45,59%. i vi chui cung sn phm tht ln cung ng cho khch sn, nh hng th t l trong tng thu nhp ca ch c s chn nui c cao hn, tuy nhin so vi t l chi ph b ra th chnh lnh ny l cn qu ln. C th bng 4 cho thy, c s chn nui b ra 96,70% trong tng chi ph gia tng nhng thu nhp ca h ch chim 26,88%. Trong khi , ngi bn l ch b ra 1,3% chi ph gia tng nhng h c th thu c 58,03% trong tng thu nhp.

17

2.2. H chn nui ngho v chui cung sn phm tht ln cung ng cho khch sn, nh hng Hu Chui cung sn phm tht ln cung ng cho nh hng khch sn Hu cho thy h chn nui ngho cha th tham gia c vo chui ny bi nhng l do ch yu l hng ho tht ln m khch sn, nh hng c nhu cu i hi cht lng rt cao v c chn nui, kim sot theo mt quy trnh cht ch, v v vy h chn nui ngho cha th p ng c. C th: - Tht ln cung cp cho nh hng, khch sn Hu thuc ging ln siu nc. y l nhng ging c chn lc, lai to t nhng trung tm ging hoc c s nghin cu, lai to ging cht lng cao. Gm cc loi ging: Yorshine, Landrace, Duroc, Bdu (ging 3 mu) c t l nc rt cao (54% so trng lng hi) nhng thng khng c bn trn th trng t do nh ch hoc gia nh cc h cung cp ging thng thng m mun c n phi hp ng trc tip vi s lng ln vi cc trung tm ging. Vn ny rt kh cho h chn nui ngho tip cn. - Ging ln siu nc c gi cao hn ging ln bnh thng. Nu ging ln bnh thng c gi khong 170.000 - 255.000 ng/1 ln con 10 - 15 kg (17.000 ng/kg hi), th gi ging ln siu nc l 660.000 - 759.000 ng/1 ln con 20 - 23 kg (33.000 ng/kg hi). Vi gi ny l qu cao cho ngi ngho mun chn nui ln siu nc. - Nui ln siu nc i hi kin thc k thut chn nui cao, theo mt quy trnh nghim ngt, c bit l kin thc th y phng v tr bnh v phi c mt c s vt cht c trang b m bo mi trng sng tt cho ln... y l vn qu kh i vi h ngho chn nui, do trnh chuyn mn thp, thiu vn, thiu c s vt cht k thut - Nui ln siu nc ch yu phc v cho th trng ngi tiu dng cao cp nh siu th, nh hng, khch sn hoc xut khu. Trong khi s lng nui ca h ngho 1 - 2 con s rt kh tiu th trong th trng ny. Vi nhng vn trn, ngi ngho hin nay cha th tham gia vo chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho nh hng, khch sn Hu. Trn c s kho st tnh hnh chn nui 2 loi ln: siu nc v ln thng ca 2 i tng chn nui l c s chn nui cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng v h ngho chng ti a ra mt s ch tiu so snh gia 2 nhm i tng ny nhm tm ra gii php gip h ngho tham gia vo chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu. Kt qu c th hin bng 5. Bng 5. So khc bit gia chn nui ln ca ngi ngho v c s chn nui cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu

18

STT 1 2 3

Ch tiu Quy m nui Ging Thc n

C s chn nui cung cp

H ngho chn nui

cho khch sn, nh hng 120-700 con hin ang nui 2-10 con hin ang nui Siu nc (Yorshine, Landrac, Ging a phng, Mng ci, Duroc, Bdu) i bch lai to nhiu i Cm, kh u tng, bt bp, Cm, go, rau vn, ph kh du, bt c, bt sn, mui phm thc n (u, rut khong ch bin. c), b bia ru thc n cng nghip: bt tng trng,

K thut nui

bt m c Cn b k thut thc hin, Nui theo truyn thng, kin chm sc ng quy trnh, kin thc chn sc, phng v tr thc chuyn mn su, quy bnh khng bit. Cho n theo trnh chm sc, phng, tr truyn thng cm quan bnh nghim ngt. Cho n: ng v cht dinh dng, ng liu lng, ng quy

5 6

trnh C s vt cht, h c u t y , mi Thiu c s vt cht, v sinh tng k thut Kin thc th trng trng m bo km, mi trng nhim Nm bt kin thc th trng Kin thc th trng thiu, tt, theo di gi c hng ngy, kh nng nm bt th trng quan tm nhiu n th trng u vo, u ra km, kh u vo: ging, thc n, thuc nng ra quyt nh km. bnh dch v u ra sn phm. Ra quyt nh tt C k hoch ch ng vn Kim li nhun cao

7 8

Vn Mc ch nui

Thiu vn v lun b ng Tn dng ph phm ca gia nh, cng lao ng nhn ri v tit kim tin

Nh vy, h ngho tham gia vo chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn nh hng cn gii quyt cc vn m h gp phi nh trnh by bng 5. Quan trng nht vn l gii quyt cho h vn v k thut chn nui ln siu nc. Sau khi c k thut, h s bit chn ging, thc n v bin php cho n, chm sc v phng tr bnh dch. Sau khi c vn, h s u t ci thin h thng c s h tng k thut, u t con ging, thc n v thuc th y.

19

III. nh gi chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu 1. Chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu kh r rng t ngi cung cp cc yu t u vo, ngi chn nui, ch git m, ngi bn l n ngi tiu dng l cc khch sn, nh hng. 2. hp l 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. rng. IV. Kt lun v cc gii php nng hot ng ca chui gi tr sn phm tht ln cung cp cho cc khch sn, nh hng Hu Nui ln cung cp cho th trng l mt ngh lu i ca nhiu h dn nng thn. Tuy nhin, do nui ln trong cc h ch yu l nui mang tnh t pht, vi mc ch tn dng cc loi ph phm, ph phm v thc n tha, s dng cng lao ng nhn ri ca gia nh nn quy m nui khng ln, thiu s h tr ca cc cp, cc ngnh a phng. V vy, tiu th sn phm lm ra ca cc h cha c s gn kt cht ch gia cc tc nhn trong chui, c bit l gia ngi chn nui v ngi mua gom. Qua vic phn tch chui gi tr sn phm tht ln, h ngho chn nui ln tham gia vo chui cung sn phm tht ln cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng Hu, chng ti mnh dn a ra mt s xut sau: 1. Tnh cn c chnh sch p dng tin b k thut trong nng nghip, nng thn di dng tp hun k thut, c bit l k thut chn ging, cho n, chm sc v phng tr dch bnh cho ln Hin ti, h ngho khng nui c ln siu nc cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng v cn nhiu vn phi gii quyt ( cp bng 5). Tuy nhin trong tt c vn th vn trung tm, ct li l vn v kin thc k thut trong chn nui. Gi c r rng theo bin ng th trng Chui mang tnh hp tc cao, c bit l c s chn nui v ch git m, ngi bn l Thng tin trong chui r rng Nhu cu v tht ln ca cc khch sn, nh hng cha ln v tc ng ca yu t bnh Quy trnh hot ng lin mch i vi cc h ngho, chui gi tr sn phm tht ln cha th hin vai tr ln trong Phn phi li ch gia cc tc nhn trong chui khng c s chnh lch ln v m bo

v khch sn, nh hng.

dch nn nhu cu tiu th v tnh cnh tranh thp, gy ra nhiu thit hi cho ngi sn xut.

vic tiu th sn phm ln ca h ngho. V vy, vai tr pht trin cng ng ca chui cha r

20

Cn t chc cng tc tp hun k, c th v chn nui v chm sc ln, c bit l bin php chm sc v theo di, pht hin, phng v iu tr bnh. Thc t cho thy, ngi dn chn nui theo kinh nghim. Tt c cc h c phng vn u cho rng cha c tham gia tp hun chn nui, c bit l cc bin php chn nui k thut tin tin. Cc k thut chn nui cc h c c ch yu do kinh nghim v hc hi nhau hoc qua cc thng tin trn cc bao b thc n cng nghip. Cc bin php k thut chn nui c nh hng ln n qu trnh sinh trng, pht trin ca ln, n bnh dch v kt qu chn nui ca h. Bn cnh hu ht cc h chn nui khng h hay bit cc loi bnh tt ca ln. Khi pht hin ln c triu chng au bnh ch yu l b n, chn n th lp tc h gi cn b th y. Tt c cc khu chn on, iu tr, chi ph u do cn b th y quyt nh. iu cho thy h hon ton b ng trong khu phng v tr bnh dch cho ln, vn c bn gip h trnh ri ro trong chn nui. Cn ch cng tc tp hun: tp hun phi m bo nng dn tr thnh chuyn gia, tc tp hun phi c th, thc t v h c th p dng c ngay. Trnh tnh trng tp hun chung chung, l thuyt v khng p dng c trong thc t. 2. Tnh cn c chnh sch vn v cung cp ging ln siu nc, cht lng tt cho ngi ngho di dng chng trnh d n tn dng nng thn Nh nc nn chnh thc u t xy dng c s sn xut v cung ng ging ln cho cc h nui, c bit l ln ni tt vi bin php th tinh nhn to, m bo ging ln nui cht lng, t bnh tt v khng thoi ho. Thc t cho thy, phn ln ging cung cp cho cc h nui u l ging lai to t cc h trong a phng vi nhau. Ni l ging ln i Bch, Mng Ci, Cocvang nhng cc loi ny qua nhiu i lm ging, lai tp nhiu loi ging khc nhau trong c c ging a phng. Nn ging d b thoi ho, d nhim dch bnh Ngoi vn trn, cn h tr cho ngi dn ngho nui ln siu nc di dng cc chng trnh d n hoc c t chc, nhm m bo chn nui ng quy trnh vi quy m s lng ln cung cp cho cc ch git m ln, cung cp cho khch sn, nh hng i vi nhng ngi chn nui vi nhau, c bit l cc h ngho, cn c s lin kt cht ch gia cc h nui trong vic trao i thng tin th trng, c bit l gi c, cch thc, hnh thc v c thng tin ca nhng ngi mua gom, t gip h c y thng tin, nhm ra cc quyt nh chnh xc. Tng cng cc lp tp hun v k thut sn xut v kin thc kinh doanh nng nghip, c bit lp k hoch sn xut, kinh doanh ca h trong iu kin cc ngun lc b gii hn. 3. i vi ngi mua gom, ch l m v ngi bn l Cn xc nh h chn nui l tc nhn quan trng nui sng chui. Nu khng c h chn nui, chc chn cc tc nhn ny khng tn ti. H chn nui ln cung cp ln tht l yu

21

t c bn v tin chui tn ti bn vng. V vy, lm r vai tr ca tc nhn ngi chn nui l quan trng. Trn c s gip ngi mua gom hiu r ngi chn nui m c cc hnh vi trung thc trong thu mua ln ca h. Qua nghin cu nhiu h cho rng ngi mua gom trong nhiu trng hp khng thc: khng thc v dng c cn ong, khng thc v gi c, khng thc v cch nhn nh sn phm (v d, khi n bt ln cn, do va chm gia ln vi ngi bt v dng c bt: r, dythng ln to ra vt bm da, i lc m mu Ngi thu gom thng ch bai ln ca h nhm p gi nh ln khng p, da nhiu chm c th bnh tt, tht lng, nhiu m, n no, bng nc Quan nim ca h chn nui l ln bt vo r v a ln cn nu khng mua, em th li vo chung nui thng ln b st gim cn V vy, vic trung thc trong khu nhn nh ln v thu mua ln cho h l rt quan trng.

22

C s chn nui STT 1 2 3 4 5 Ch tiu Trng lng xut chung BQ Gi bn 1 kg hi Doanh thu 1 con Chi ph trung gian Ging Thc n Th y in Qun l chung Gi tr gia tng Chi lao ng Khu hao TSC Tng chi ph Li nhun VT Kg hi 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 SL 90 22 1980 1905,19 759 990 25 38,5 92,69 74,81 18,33 22,92 1946,44 33,56

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Ch git m STT 1 2 3 4 5 Ch tiu Trng lng BQ/con Gi mua ln hi Chi mua ln hi Chi ph gia tng 1 con Thu vn chuyn 1 con Ph kim sot git m 1 con Ph thu mt bng git m 1 con Thu Thu ngi git m Tng chi ph 1 con Tng doanh thu 1 con Trng mc hm (70%) Gi 1 kg mc hm Tin tht mc hm Ni tng u M ny Gi tr gia tng 1 con VT Kg hi 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Kg 1.000 1.000 1.000 Kg 1.000 1.000 SL 90 22 1980 40 10 7 10 7 6 2020 2062 63 31 3,5 12 1953 60 42 7 42 n gi (1.000) Thnh tin (1.000)

Ngi bn l STT 1 2 Ch tiu Chi ph mua ln mc hm Trng lng mc hm Gi 1 kg mc hm Chi ph gia tng 1 con Thu vn chuyn VT 1.000 Kg 1.000 1.000 1.000 SL 1953 90 31 26,5 10 n gi (1.000) Thnh tin (1.000)

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3 4 5

Thu ch BQ 1 con Chi v sinh Chi in Bo v Tng chi ph Tng doanh thu 1 con ln 63 kg mc hm Nc mng Cotlech Sn + ui Gi Tht ba ch M trng Gi tr gia tng 1 con

1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg 1.000

12,22 3,33 0,55 0,39 1979,5 2141 20 8 15 10 7 3 45 35 30 30 25 12 900 280 450 300 175 36 161,5

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